Adding upstream version 4.22.0.upstream/4.22.0

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+\
+.\" This man page was generated by the Netpbm tool 'makeman' from HTML source.
+.\" Do not hand-hack it!  If you have bug fixes or improvements, please find
+.\" the corresponding HTML page on the Netpbm website, generate a patch
+.\" against that, and send it to the Netpbm maintainer.
+.TH "Ppmshadow User Manual" 0 "24 June 2017" "netpbm documentation"
+
+.SH NAME
+ppmshadow - add simulated shadows to a PPM image
+
+.UN synopsis
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+
+\fBppmshadow\fP
+[\fB-b\fP \fIblur_size\fP]
+[\fB-k\fP]
+[\fB-t\fP]
+[\fB-x\fP \fIxoffset\fP]
+[\fB-y\fP \fIyoffset\fP]
+[\fIppmfile\fP]
+
+
+.UN description
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+This program is part of
+.BR "Netpbm" (1)\c
+\&.
+.PP
+\fBppmshadow\fP adds a simulated shadow to an image, giving the
+appearance that the contents of the image float above the page,
+casting a diffuse shadow on the background.  Shadows can either be
+black, as cast by opaque objects, or translucent, where the shadow
+takes on the color of the object which casts it.  You can specify the
+crispness of the shadow and its displacement from the image with command
+line options.
+.PP
+\fBppmshadow\fP sees your image as a foreground on a background.
+The background color is whatever color the top left pixel of your image is.
+The background is all the pixels that are that color and the foreground
+is everything else.  The shadow that \fBppmshadow\fP generates is a
+shadow of the foreground, cast on the background.
+.PP
+The shadow is the same size as the foreground, plus some fringes
+as determined by the \fB-b\fP option.  It is truncated to fit in your
+image.  The output image is the same dimensions as the input image.
+.PP
+You can use \fBpamcomp\fP to place a foreground image over a background
+before running \fBppmshadow\fP on it.  You can use \fBppmmake\fP to make
+the background image (just an image of a solid color).
+.PP
+The output has the same dimensions and maxval as the input.
+.PP
+The blurring to make the fringes of the shadow will not have a desirable
+effect if the color depth (maxval) of the image is too low -- you need a high
+maxval to get all the shades needed to create a smooth gradient.  So if your
+input has low maxval (including most notably if the input is PBM, which means
+its maxval is 1), run it through \fBpamdepth\fP to raise its maxval.  255 is
+usually a good choice.
+.PP
+Input is a PPM file named by the \fIppmfile\fP command line argument; if
+you don't specify \fIppmfile\fP, the input is Standard Input.
+.PP
+The output is a PPM file, written to Standard Output.
+
+
+.UN options
+.SH OPTIONS
+
+\fBppmshadow\fP recognizes the following command line options:
+
+
+.TP
+\fB-b\fP \fIblur_size\fP
+Sets the distance of the light source from the image.  Larger values
+move the light source closer, casting a more diffuse shadow, while
+smaller settings move the light further away, yielding a sharper
+shadow.  \fIblur_size\fP is the number of pixels of fringe there is
+on the shadow, beyond where the shadow would be if there were no
+blurring.
+.sp
+The default is 11 pixels.
+.sp
+Note that this option controls only the fringing effect of moving
+the light source closer to the object.  It does not make the shadow
+grow or shrink as would happpen in the real world if you moved a point
+light source closer to and further from an object.
+
+.TP
+\fB-k\fP
+Keep the intermediate temporary image files.  When debugging, these
+intermediate files provide many clues as to the source of an error.
+See 
+.UR #tempfiles
+below
+.UE
+\& for a list of the contents of each file.
+
+.TP
+\fB-t\fP
+Consider the non-background material in the image translucent -- it
+casts shadows of its own color rather than a black shadow, which is
+default.  This often results in fuzzy, difficult-to-read images but in
+some circumstances may look better.
+
+.TP
+\fB-x\fP\fI xoffset\fP
+Specifies the displacement of the light source to the left of the
+image.  Larger settings of \fBxoffset\fP displace the shadow to the
+right, as would be cast by a light further to the left.  If not
+specified, the horizontal offset is half of \fIblur_size \fP (above),
+to the left.
+
+.TP
+\fB-y\fP\fI yoffset\fP
+ Specifies the displacement of the light source above the top of
+the image.  Larger settings displace the shadow downward,
+corresponding to moving the light further above the top of the image.
+If you don't specify \fB-y\fP, the vertical offset defaults to the
+same as the horizontal offset (above), upward.
+
+
+.PP
+\fBppmshadow\fP does not recognize the options common to all
+programs based on libnetpbm (See 
+.UR index.html#commonoptions
+ Common Options
+.UE
+\&.)  However, the \fB-version\fP option works.
+
+.UN limitations
+.SH LIMITATIONS
+.PP
+The source image must contain sufficient space on the edges in the
+direction in which the shadow is cast to contain the shadow -- if it
+doesn't some of the internal steps may fail.  You can usually expand
+the border of a too-tightly-cropped image with \fBpnmmargin\fP before
+processing it with \fBppmshadow\fP.
+.PP
+Black pixels and pixels with the same color as the image
+background don't cast a shadow.  If this causes unintentional
+"holes" in the shadow, fill the offending areas with a color
+which differs from black or the background by RGB values of 1, which
+will be imperceptible to the viewer.  Since the comparison is exact,
+the modified areas will now cast shadows.  
+.PP
+The background color of the source image (which is preserved in
+the output) is deemed to be the color of the pixel at the top left of
+the input image.  If that pixel isn't part of the background, simply
+add a one-pixel border at the top of the image, generate the shadow
+image, then delete the border from it.
+.PP
+If something goes wrong along the way, the error messages from the
+various Netpbm programs \fBppmshadow\fP calls will, in general,
+provide little or no clue as to where \fBppmshadow\fP went astray.
+In this case, Specify the \fB-k\fP option and examine the
+intermediate results in the temporary files (which this option causes
+to be preserved).  If you manually run the commands that
+\fBppmshadow\fP runs on these files, you can figure out where the
+problem is.  In problem cases where you want to manually tweak the
+image generation process along the way, you can keep the intermediate
+files with the \fB-k \fP option, modify them appropriately with an
+image editor, then recombine them with the steps used by the code in
+\fBppmshadow\fP.
+.PP
+Shadows are by default black, as cast by opaque material in the
+image occluding white light.  Use the \fB-t\fP option to simulate
+translucent material, where the shadow takes on the color of the
+object that casts it.  If the contrast between the image and
+background is insufficient, the \fB-t\fP option may yield
+unattractive results which resemble simple blurring of the original
+image.
+.PP
+Because Netpbm used to have a maximum maxval of 255, which meant
+that the largest convolution kernel \fBpnmconvol\fP could use was 11
+by 11, \fBppmshadow\fP includes a horrid, CPU-time-burning kludge
+which, if a blur of greater than 11 is requested, performs an initial
+convolution with an 11 x 11 kernel, then calls \fBpnmsmooth\fP
+(which is itself a program that calls \fBpnmconvol\fP with a 3 x 3
+kernel) as many times as the requested blur exceeds 11.  It's ugly,
+but it gets the job done on those rare occasions where you need a blur
+greater than 11.
+.PP
+If you wish to generate an image at high resolution, then scale it
+to publication size with \fBpamscale\fP in order to eliminate jagged
+edges by resampling, it's best to generate the shadow in the original
+high resolution image, prior to scaling it down in size.  If you scale
+first and then add the shadow, you'll get an unsightly jagged stripe
+between the edge of material and its shadow, due to resampled pixels
+intermediate between the image and background obscuring the shadow.
+
+.UN exitstatus
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+
+\fBppmshadow\fP returns status 0 if processing was completed without
+errors, and a nonzero Unix error code if an error prevented generation
+of output.  Some errors may result in the script aborting, usually
+displaying error messages from various Netpbm components it uses,
+without returning a nonzero error code.  When this happens, the output
+file will be empty, so be sure to test this if you need to know if the
+program succeeded.
+
+.UN tempfiles
+.SH TEMPORARY FILES
+.PP
+\fBppmshadow\fP creates a number of temporary files as it executes.  It
+creates a new directory for them in the directory named by the
+\fBTMPDIR\fP environment variable, defaulting to \fB/tmp\fP if it is not
+set.
+.PP
+In normal operation, \fBppmshadow\fP finds a unique name for the
+temporary directory and deletes each temporary file as
+soon as it is done with it and leaves no debris around after it
+completes.  To preserve the intermediate files for debugging, use the
+\fB-k\fP command line option.  In that case, the directory name is
+\fBppmshadow\fP\fIpid\fP, where \fIpid\fP is the process ID of
+the \fBppmshadow\fP process, and the program fails if \fBppmshadow\fP cannot
+create that directory because the name is already in use.
+.PP
+The temporary files are: 
+
+
+.TP
+\fBinfile.ppm\fP
+A copy of the input.
+
+.TP
+\fBbackground.ppm\fP
+Blank image with background of source image
+
+.TP
+\fBbgmask.ppm\fP
+Positive binary mask
+
+.TP
+\fBconvkernel.ppm\fP
+Convolution kernel for blurring shadow
+
+.TP
+\fBblurredlackshad.ppm\fP
+Blurred shadow image before coloring
+
+.TP
+\fBblurred.ppm\fP
+Blurred, colored shadow image
+
+.TP
+\fBshadow.ppm\fP
+Clipped shadow image, offset as requested
+
+.TP
+\fBshadback.ppm\fP
+Generated shadow times positive mask
+
+
+
+
+.UN seealso
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR "pnm" (1)\c
+\&,
+.BR "pnmmargin" (1)\c
+\&,
+.BR "pnmconvol" (1)\c
+\&,
+.BR "pamscale" (1)\c
+\&,
+.BR "pnmsmooth" (1)\c
+\&,
+.BR "ppm" (1)\c
+\&
+
+.UN author
+.SH AUTHOR
+
+John Walker 
+.UR http://www.fourmilab.ch
+http://www.fourmilab.ch
+.UE
+\& August
+8, 1997
+
+.UN copyright
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+This software is in the public domain.  Permission to use, copy,
+modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any
+purpose and without fee is hereby granted, without any conditions or
+restrictions.
+.SH DOCUMENT SOURCE
+This manual page was generated by the Netpbm tool 'makeman' from HTML
+source.  The master documentation is at
+.IP
+.B http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/ppmshadow.html
+.PP
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