Adding upstream version 4.22.0.upstream/4.22.0

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+\
+.\" This man page was generated by the Netpbm tool 'makeman' from HTML source.
+.\" Do not hand-hack it!  If you have bug fixes or improvements, please find
+.\" the corresponding HTML page on the Netpbm website, generate a patch
+.\" against that, and send it to the Netpbm maintainer.
+.TH "Pamaltsat User Manual" 0 "14 September 2018" "netpbm documentation"
+
+.SH NAME
+pamaltsat - increase or decrease the saturation of an image using one of
+several alternative methods.
+
+.UN synopsis
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+
+\fBpamaltsat\fP
+[\fB-method\fP \fIname\fP]
+[\fB-strength\fP \fInumber\fP]
+[\fB-linear\fP]
+[\fIinfile\fP]
+
+.UN description
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+This program is part of
+.BR "Netpbm" (1)\c
+\&.
+.PP
+\fBpamaltsat\fP decreases or increases the saturation of a Netpbm image by
+one of various non-standard (\fIalt\fPernative) methods.
+.PP
+The input is a Netpbm image from Standard Input or a file named by the
+arguments.  The output is a Netpbm image in the same format written to
+Standard Output.
+.PP
+The most conventional way to change the saturation of an image is what
+\fBpambrighten\fP does.
+  
+
+.UN examples
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.PP
+To increase saturation by a factor of 2.1 using the
+logarithmic method:
+
+.nf
+\f(CW
+     pamaltsat -method log -strength 2.1 test.ppm
+\fP
+
+.fi
+.PP
+To convert a color image to grayscale:
+
+.nf
+\f(CW
+    pamaltsat -strength 0 test.ppm
+\fP
+
+.fi
+
+
+.UN saturation_methods
+.SH SATURATION METHODS
+.PP
+The following saturation methods are available.
+
+.SS Logarithmic Method
+.PP
+This saturation model is inspired by the concept of
+.BR "color integrity" (1)\c
+\&,
+which works with color in terms of intensity ratios, where intensity is a 
+value of the
+.UR https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminosity_function
+luminosity function
+.UE
+\&, rather than brightness, or the numerical value of the sample in
+the image file.  From this viewpoint, it is natural to define the saturation
+of a color as the ratio of maximum and minimum intensities of its primary
+components. In order, however, to make saturation an additive value and to
+endow the \fB-strength\fP parameter with the semantics of a multiplier,
+it is convenient to operate on the logarithm of that ratio.  The addition of
+such saturations acquires physical sense, and multiplication corresponds to
+the raising of intensity to the power of the multiplier.
+.PP
+With this method, \fBpamaltsat\fP raises the intensity of each component
+to the power of the \fBstrength\fP value. Since the total intensity of the
+resulting color will differ from that of the original, it is necessary to
+restore the intensity by multiplying the component intensities of the
+saturated color by the ratio of the intensity of the original color to that of
+the saturated color.
+.PP
+Although it is always possible to decrease saturation by any given factor,
+there are two cases where it cannot be increased.  When the total intensity
+(or brightness) of a color is too high for the desired
+saturation, \fBpamaltsat\fP applies the maximum possible saturation that
+keeps the original intensity.  For example, any color with at least one
+component at the maxiumum is already fully saturated.  When one of the primary
+components is zero, the definition of saturation given above no longer works
+because of a zero in the denominator.  \fBpamaltsat\fP offers no special
+treatment of this situation because it does not create discontinuities and
+therefore produces no visible defects at reasonable strength levels.  When,
+however, strength approaches infinity, each color tends to its primary
+component with the highest intensity.
+.PP
+This method was invented by Anton Shepelev.
+  
+
+.SS Spectral Method
+.PP
+This is the default method.  It treats color as a spectrum with three
+bands: one for the intensity of each primary component.  Since neutral gray
+has a uniform (constant) spectrum, saturation can be measured as the
+difference of the spectrum of the given color from the uniform spectrum of the
+same total intensity.  The spectral method uses one of the simplest measures
+of such a difference: the difference between the highest and lowest component
+intensities, which is an additive value and therefore amenable to
+multiplication with good physical sense.  Although a complete hue-saturation
+model can be dervied from this approach, \fBpamaltsat\fP need not concern
+itself with it because it always preserves both hue and total intensity.
+.PP
+In order to change saturation, \fBpamaltsat\fP first multiplies the
+intensity of each component by the desired strength.  The saturation of the
+result is the strength times the saturation of the original, and likewise the
+total intensity, but it is then restored by subtraction of the neutral gray
+with a suitable intensity.
+.PP
+The effect of this method on each component intensity may be expressed in
+the following equation:
+.nf
+
+    sat = orig * strength - Iorig * (strength - 1)
+
+
+.fi
+where sat is the saturated
+sample, orig the original sample,
+and Iorig the total intensity of
+the original color.
+.PP
+The method is also related to color integrity because both its operations
+are part of that concept: multiplication of component intensities by the same
+quotient is an important operation because changes brightness but keeps color
+balance, and subtraction of a constant from all component intensities is
+described by the inventor of color integrity as 'subtraction of
+white.'
+.PP
+This procedure may produce both negative and over-unity component
+intensities.  For such samples, \fBpamaltsat\fP decreases the strength to the
+highest value that keeps the resulting color in range.
+.PP
+This method was invented by Anton Shepelev.
+
+
+.UN options
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+In addition to the options common to all programs based on libnetpbm
+(most notably \fB-quiet\fP, see 
+.UR index.html#commonoptions
+ Common Options
+.UE
+\&), \fBpamaltsat\fP recognizes the following
+command line options:
+
+
+.TP
+\fB-method\fP \fImethod\fP
+specifies the saturation method to use:
+.TS
+method name	option value
+Logarithmic	\f(CWlog \fP
+Spectral   	\f(CWspectrum\fP
+.TE
+.sp
+The default is \fBspectrum\fP
+
+.TP
+\fB-strength\fP \fIstrength\fP
+This specifies a real nonnegative factor whereby to modify saturation.  A
+value greater than unity will increase saturation, whereas a value less than
+unity will decrease it. Unity will leave the image unchanged, and zero will
+produce greyscale output according to Rec 709.
+  
+\fBpamaltsat\fP preserves the total intensity of each pixel and never
+affects neutral gray pixels.
+.sp
+This option is mandatory.
+
+.TP
+\fB-linear\fP
+This tells \fBpamaltsat\fP that the input is the intensity-linear
+variation of a Netpbm image forat, in which the samples are proportional to
+light intensity rather than to brightness, as they are in true-or
+gamma-adjusted- Netpbm image formats.
+
+
+.UN usage_notes
+.SH USAGE NOTES
+.PP
+Since \fBpamaltsat\fP does not affect neutral colors, you should adjust
+the color balance before saturation. You can do this with \fBpamlevels\fP.
+
+  
+.UN extensibility
+.SH EXTENSIBILITY
+
+\fBpamaltsat\fP is written with an eye to extending it with new saturation
+methods, which programmers are welcome to contribute.  The only requirement is
+that every new method depend on a single strength parameter with the semantics
+described under the \fB-strength\fP command-line option.
+
+
+.UN seealso
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+.BR "pambrighten" (1)\c
+\&,
+.BR "ppmflash" (1)\c
+\&, 
+
+
+.UN author
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+This program was first submitted by Anton Shepelev
+(\fIanton.txt@gmail.com\fP).
+
+.UN history
+.SH HISTORY
+.PP
+\fBpamaltsat\fP was new in Netpbm 10.84 (September 2018).
+  
+
+.UN index
+.SH Table Of Contents
+
+.IP \(bu
+
+.UR #synopsis
+SYNOPSIS
+.UE
+\&
+.IP \(bu
+
+.UR #description
+DESCRIPTION
+.UE
+\&
+.IP \(bu
+
+.UR #examples
+EXAMPLES
+.UE
+\&
+.IP \(bu
+
+.UR #saturation_methods
+SATURATION METHODS
+.UE
+\&
+.IP \(bu
+
+.UR #options
+OPTIONS
+.UE
+\&
+.IP \(bu
+
+.UR #usage_notes
+USAGE NOTES
+.UE
+\&
+.IP \(bu
+
+.UR #extensibility
+EXTENSIBILITY
+.UE
+\&
+.IP \(bu
+
+.UR #seealso
+SEE ALSO
+.UE
+\&
+.IP \(bu
+
+.UR #author
+AUTHOR
+.UE
+\&
+.IP \(bu
+
+.UR #history
+HISTORY
+.UE
+\&
+.SH DOCUMENT SOURCE
+This manual page was generated by the Netpbm tool 'makeman' from HTML
+source.  The master documentation is at
+.IP
+.B http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/pamaltsat.html
+.PP
\ No newline at end of file