Adding upstream version 4.22.0.upstream/4.22.0

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 1728 insertions, 0 deletions

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+.\" sar manual page - (C) 1999-2023 Sebastien Godard (sysstat <at> orange.fr)
+.TH SAR 1 "NOVEMBER 2023" Linux "Linux User's Manual" -*- nroff -*-
+.SH NAME
+sar \- Collect, report, or save system activity information.
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B sar [ \-A ] [ \-B ] [ \-b ] [ \-C ] [ \-D ] [ \-d ] [ \-F [ MOUNT ] ] [ \-H ] [ \-h ] [ \-p ]
+.B [ \-r [ ALL ] ] [ \-S ] [ \-t ] [ \-u [ ALL ] ] [ \-V ] [ \-v ] [ \-W ] [ \-w ] [ \-x ] [ \-y ] [ \-z ]
+.B [ \-\-dec={ 0 | 1 | 2 } ]
+.BI "[ \-\-dev=" "dev_list " "] [ \-\-fs=" "fs_list " "] [ \-\-help ] [ \-\-human ] [ \-\-iface=" "iface_list"
+.BI "] [ \-\-int=" "int_list " "] [ \-\-pretty ] [ \-\-sadc ] [ \-I [ SUM | ALL ] ] [ \-P { " "cpu_list"
+.B | ALL } ] [ \-m {
+.IB "keyword" "[,...] | ALL } ] [ \-n { " "keyword" "[,...] | ALL } ] [ \-q [ " "keyword" "[,...] | ALL ] ]"
+.B [ \-j { SID | ID | LABEL | PATH | UUID | ... } ]
+.BI "[ \-f [ " "filename " "] | \-o [ " "filename " "] | \-[0\-9]+ ]"
+.BI "[ \-i " "interval " "] [ \-s [ " "start_time "
+.BI "] ] [ \-e [ " "end_time " "] ] ] [ " "interval " "[ " "count " "] ]"
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.RB "The " "sar"
+command writes to standard output the contents of selected
+cumulative activity counters in the operating system. The accounting
+system, based on the values in the
+.IR "count " "and " "interval"
+parameters, writes information the specified number of times spaced
+at the specified intervals in seconds.
+If the
+.IR "interval " "parameter is set to zero, the"
+.B sar
+command displays the average statistics for the time
+since the system was started. If the
+.IR "interval " "parameter is specified without the " "count"
+parameter, then reports are generated continuously.
+The collected data can also
+be saved in the file specified by the
+.BI "\-o " "filename"
+flag, in addition to being displayed onto the screen. If
+.IR "filename " "is omitted,"
+.B sar
+uses the standard system activity daily data file (see below).
+By default all the data available from the kernel are saved in the
+data file.
+.PP
+.RB "The " "sar"
+command extracts and writes to standard output records previously
+saved in a file. This file can be either the one specified by the
+.B \-f
+flag or, by default, the standard system activity daily data file.
+It is also possible to enter
+.BR "\-1" ", " "\-2 " "etc. as an argument to " "sar"
+to display data of that days ago. For example,
+.BR "\-1 " "will point at the standard system activity file of yesterday."
+.PP
+Standard system activity daily data files are named
+.IR "saDD " "or " "saYYYYMMDD" ", where"
+.IR "YYYY " "stands for the current year, " "MM " "for the current month and " "DD"
+for the current day. They are the default files used by
+.B sar
+only when no filename has been explicitly specified.
+When used to write data to files (with its option
+.BR "\-o" "), " "sar"
+will use
+.I saYYYYMMDD
+.RB "if option " "\-D"
+has also been specified, else it will use
+.IR "saDD" "."
+When used to display the records previously saved in a file,
+.B sar
+will look for the most recent of
+.IR "saDD " "and " "saYYYYMMDD" ", and use it."
+.PP
+Standard system activity daily data files are located in the
+.I /var/log/sa
+directory by default. Yet it is possible to specify an alternate
+location for them: If a directory (instead of a plain file) is used
+with options
+.BR "\-f " "or " "\-o"
+then it will be considered as the directory containing the data files.
+.PP
+.RB "Without the " "\-P " "flag, the " "sar"
+command reports system-wide (global among all processors) statistics,
+which are calculated as averages for values expressed as percentages,
+and as sums otherwise. If the
+.BR "\-P " "flag is given, the " "sar"
+command reports activity which relates to the specified processor or
+processors. If
+.BR "\-P ALL " "is given, the " "sar"
+command reports statistics for each individual processor and global
+statistics among all processors. Offline processors are not displayed.
+.PP
+You can select information about specific system activities using
+flags. Not specifying any flags selects only CPU activity.
+Specifying the
+.B \-A
+flag selects all possible activities.
+.PP
+The default version of the
+.B sar
+command (CPU utilization report) might be one of the first facilities
+the user runs to begin system activity investigation, because it
+monitors major system resources. If CPU utilization is near 100 percent
+(user + nice + system), the workload sampled is CPU-bound.
+
+If multiple samples and multiple reports are desired, it is convenient
+to specify an output file for the
+.BR "sar " "command. Run the " "sar"
+command as a background process. The syntax for this is:
+
+.BI "sar \-o " "datafile interval count " ">/dev/null 2>&1 &"
+
+All data are captured in binary form and saved to a file
+.RI "(" "datafile" ")."
+The data can then be selectively displayed with the
+.BR "sar " "command using the " "\-f " "option. Set the"
+.IR "interval " "and " "count " "parameters to select " "count " "records at " "interval"
+.RI "second intervals. If the " "count"
+parameter is not set, all the records saved in the file will be selected.
+Collection of data in this manner is useful to characterize
+system usage over a period of time and determine peak usage hours.
+.PP
+.RB "Note: The " "sar"
+command only reports on local activities.
+
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.B \-A
+This is equivalent to specifying
+.BR "\-bBdFHISvwWy \-m ALL \-n ALL \-q ALL \-r ALL \-u ALL" "."
+This option also implies specifying
+.B \-I ALL \-P ALL
+unless these options are explicitly set on the command line.
+.TP
+.B \-B
+Report paging statistics.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP pgpgin/s
+Total number of kilobytes the system paged in from disk per second.
+.IP pgpgout/s
+Total number of kilobytes the system paged out to disk per second.
+.IP fault/s
+Number of page faults (major + minor) made by the system per second.
+This is not a count of page faults that generate I/O, because some page
+faults can be resolved without I/O.
+.IP majflt/s
+Number of major faults the system has made per second, those which
+have required loading a memory page from disk.
+.IP pgfree/s
+Number of pages placed on the free list by the system per second.
+.IP pgscank/s
+Number of pages scanned by the kswapd daemon per second.
+.IP pgscand/s
+Number of pages scanned directly per second.
+.IP pgsteal/s
+Number of pages the system has reclaimed from cache (pagecache and
+swapcache) per second to satisfy its memory demands.
+.IP pgprom/s
+Number of pages promoted (i.e. migrated from slow to fast memory types)
+by the system per second.
+.IP pgdem/s
+Number of pages demoted (i.e. migrated from fast to slow memory types)
+by the system per second.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-b
+Report I/O and transfer rate statistics. The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP tps
+Total number of transfers per second that were issued to physical devices.
+A transfer is an I/O request to a physical device. Multiple logical
+requests can be combined into a single I/O request to the device.
+A transfer is of indeterminate size.
+.IP rtps
+Total number of read requests per second issued to physical devices.
+.IP wtps
+Total number of write requests per second issued to physical devices.
+.IP dtps
+Total number of discard requests per second issued to physical devices.
+.IP bread/s
+Total amount of data read from the devices in blocks per second.
+Blocks are equivalent to sectors and therefore have a size of 512 bytes.
+.IP bwrtn/s
+Total amount of data written to devices in blocks per second.
+.IP bdscd/s
+Total amount of data discarded for devices in blocks per second.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-C
+When reading data from a file, tell
+.BR "sar " "to display comments that have been inserted by " "sadc" "."
+.TP
+.B \-D
+.RI "Use " "saYYYYMMDD " "instead of " "saDD"
+as the standard system activity daily data file name. This option
+works only when used in conjunction with option
+.BR "\-o " "to save data to file."
+.TP
+.B \-d
+Report activity for each block device.
+When data are displayed, the device name is displayed as it
+(should) appear in
+.IR "/dev" "."
+.BR "sar " "uses data in"
+.IR "/sys " "to determine the device name based on its major and minor numbers."
+.RB "If this name resolution fails, " "sar " "will use name mapping controlled by"
+.IR "/etc/sysconfig/sysstat.ioconf " "file."
+Persistent device names can also be printed if option
+.B \-j
+is used (see below). Statistics for all devices are displayed unless
+a restricted list is specified using option
+.B \-\-dev=
+(see corresponding option entry).
+Note that disk activity depends on
+.BR "sadc" "'s options " "\-S DISK " "and " "\-S XDISK"
+to be collected. The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP tps
+Total number of transfers per second that were issued to physical devices.
+A transfer is an I/O request to a physical device. Multiple logical
+requests can be combined into a single I/O request to the device.
+A transfer is of indeterminate size.
+.IP rkB/s
+Number of kilobytes read from the device per second.
+.IP wkB/s
+Number of kilobytes written to the device per second.
+.IP dkB/s
+Number of kilobytes discarded for the device per second.
+.IP areq\-sz
+The average size (in kilobytes) of the I/O requests that were issued to the device.
+.br
+Note: In previous versions, this field was known as avgrq\-sz and was expressed in sectors.
+.IP aqu\-sz
+The average queue length of the requests that were issued to the device.
+.br
+Note: In previous versions, this field was known as avgqu\-sz.
+.IP await
+The average time (in milliseconds) for I/O requests issued to the device
+to be served. This includes the time spent by the requests in queue and
+the time spent servicing them.
+.IP %util
+Percentage of elapsed time during which I/O requests were issued to the device
+(bandwidth utilization for the device). Device saturation occurs when this
+value is close to 100% for devices serving requests serially. But for
+devices serving requests in parallel, such as RAID arrays and modern SSDs,
+this number does not reflect their performance limits.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-\-dec={ 0 | 1 | 2 }
+Specify the number of decimal places to use (0 to 2, default value is 2).
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-dev=" "dev_list"
+Specify the block devices for which statistics are to be displayed by
+.BR "sar" "."
+.IR "dev_list " "is a list of comma-separated device names."
+.RE
+.PP
+.BI "\-e [ " "hh" ":" "mm" "[:" "ss" "] ]"
+.br
+.BI "\-e [ " "seconds_since_the_epoch " "]"
+.RS
+Set the ending time of the report. The default ending time is
+18:00:00. Hours must be given in 24-hour format, or as the number of seconds
+since the epoch (given as a 10 digit number).
+This option can be used when data are read from
+or written to a file (options
+.BR "\-f " "or " "\-o" ")."
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-F [ MOUNT ]
+Display statistics for currently mounted filesystems. Pseudo-filesystems are
+ignored. At the end of the report,
+.B sar
+will display a summary of all those filesystems. Use of the
+.B MOUNT
+parameter keyword indicates that mountpoint will be reported instead of
+filesystem device. Statistics for all filesystems are displayed unless
+a restricted list is specified using option
+.B \-\-fs=
+(see corresponding option entry).
+Note that filesystems statistics depend on
+.BR "sadc" "'s option " "\-S XDISK "
+to be collected.
+
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP MBfsfree
+Total amount of free space in megabytes (including space available only to privileged user).
+.IP MBfsused
+Total amount of space used in megabytes.
+.IP %fsused
+Percentage of filesystem space used, as seen by a privileged user.
+.IP %ufsused
+Percentage of filesystem space used, as seen by an unprivileged user.
+.IP Ifree
+Total number of free file nodes in filesystem.
+.IP Iused
+Total number of file nodes used in filesystem.
+.IP %Iused
+Percentage of file nodes used in filesystem.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BI "\-f [ " "filename " "]"
+.RI "Extract records from " "filename " "(created by the"
+.BI "\-o " "filename"
+flag). The default value of the
+.I filename
+parameter is the current standard system activity daily data file. If
+.I filename
+is a directory instead of a plain file then it is considered as the
+directory where the standard system activity daily data files are
+located. Option
+.BR "\-f " "is exclusive of option " "\-o" "."
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-fs=" "fs_list"
+Specify the filesystems for which statistics are to be displayed by
+.BR "sar" "."
+.I fs_list
+is a list of comma-separated filesystem names or mountpoints.
+.TP
+.B \-H
+Report hugepages utilization statistics.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP kbhugfree
+Amount of hugepages memory in kilobytes that is not yet allocated.
+.IP kbhugused
+Amount of hugepages memory in kilobytes that has been allocated.
+.IP %hugused
+Percentage of total hugepages memory that has been allocated.
+.IP kbhugrsvd
+Amount of reserved hugepages memory in kilobytes.
+.IP kbhugsurp
+Amount of surplus hugepages memory in kilobytes.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-h
+This option is equivalent to specifying
+.BR "\-\-pretty \-\-human" "."
+.TP
+.B \-\-help
+Display a short help message then exit.
+.TP
+.B \-\-human
+Print sizes in human readable format (e.g. 1.0k, 1.2M, etc.)
+The units displayed with this option supersede any other default units (e.g.
+kilobytes, sectors...) associated with the metrics.
+.TP
+.BI "\-I [ SUM | ALL ]"
+Report statistics for interrupts. The values displayed are the number of interrupts
+per second for the given processor or among all processors.
+A list of interrupts can be specified using
+.B \-\-int=
+(see this option). The
+.B SUM
+keyword indicates that the total number of interrupts received per second
+is to be displayed. The
+.B ALL
+keyword indicates that statistics from all interrupts are to be reported
+(this is the default).
+Note that interrupts statistics depend on
+.BR "sadc" "'s option " "\-S INT"
+to be collected.
+.TP
+.BI "\-i " "interval"
+Select data records at seconds as close as possible to the number specified
+.RI "by the " "interval " "parameter."
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-iface=" "iface_list"
+Specify the network interfaces for which statistics are to be displayed by
+.BR "sar" "."
+.I iface_list
+is a list of comma-separated interface names.
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-int=" "int_list"
+Specify the interrupts names for which statistics are to be displayed by
+.BR "sar" "."
+.I int_list
+is a list of comma-separated values or range of values (e.g.,
+.BR "0\-16,35,40\-" ").
+.TP
+.B \-j { SID | ID | LABEL | PATH | UUID | ... }
+Display persistent device names. Use this option in conjunction with option
+.BR "\-d" ". Keywords " "ID" ", " "LABEL" ","
+etc. specify the type of the persistent name. These keywords are not limited,
+only prerequisite is that directory with required persistent names is present in
+.IR "/dev/disk" "."
+.RB "Keyword " "SID"
+tries to get a stable identifier to use as the device name. A stable
+identifier won't change across reboots for the same physical device. If it exists,
+this identifier is normally the WWN (World Wide Name) of the device, as read from the
+.IR "/dev/disk/by\-id " "directory."
+.TP
+.BI "\-m { " "keyword" "[,...] | ALL }"
+Report power management statistics.
+Note that these statistics depend on
+.BR "sadc" "'s option " "\-S POWER " "to be collected."
+
+Possible keywords are
+.BR "BAT" ", " "CPU" ", " "FAN" ", " "FREQ" ", " "IN" ", " "TEMP " "and " "USB" "."
+
+.RB "With the " "BAT"
+keyword, statistics about batteries capacity are reported.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP %cap
+Battery capacity.
+.IP cap/min
+Capacity lost or gained per minute by the battery.
+.IP status
+Charging status of the battery: ↑ (full), ↗ (charging), → (not charging), ↘ (discharging), ? (unknown).
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "CPU"
+keyword, statistics about CPU are reported.
+The following value is displayed:
+.RS
+.IP MHz
+Instantaneous CPU clock frequency in MHz.
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "FAN"
+keyword, statistics about fans speed are reported.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP rpm
+Fan speed expressed in revolutions per minute.
+.IP drpm
+This field is calculated as the difference between current fan speed (rpm)
+and its low limit (fan_min).
+.IP DEVICE
+Sensor device name.
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "FREQ"
+keyword, statistics about CPU clock frequency are reported.
+The following value is displayed:
+.RS
+.IP wghMHz
+Weighted average CPU clock frequency in MHz.
+Note that the cpufreq-stats driver must be compiled in the
+kernel for this option to work.
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "IN"
+keyword, statistics about voltage inputs are reported.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP inV
+Voltage input expressed in Volts.
+.IP %in
+Relative input value. A value of 100% means that
+voltage input has reached its high limit (in_max) whereas
+a value of 0% means that it has reached its low limit (in_min).
+.IP DEVICE
+Sensor device name.
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "TEMP"
+keyword, statistics about devices temperature are reported.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP degC
+Device temperature expressed in degrees Celsius.
+.IP %temp
+Relative device temperature. A value of 100% means that
+temperature has reached its high limit (temp_max).
+.IP DEVICE
+Sensor device name.
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "USB " "keyword, the " "sar"
+command takes a snapshot of all the USB devices currently plugged into
+the system. At the end of the report,
+.B sar
+will display a summary of all those USB devices.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP BUS
+Root hub number of the USB device.
+.IP idvendor
+Vendor ID number (assigned by USB organization).
+.IP idprod
+Product ID number (assigned by Manufacturer).
+.IP maxpower
+Maximum power consumption of the device (expressed in mA).
+.IP manufact
+Manufacturer name.
+.IP product
+Product name.
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "The " "ALL"
+keyword is equivalent to specifying all the keywords above and therefore all the power
+management statistics are reported.
+.TP
+.BI "\-n { " "keyword" "[,...] | ALL }"
+Report network statistics.
+
+Possible keywords are
+.BR "DEV" ", " "EDEV" ", " "FC" ", " "ICMP" ", " "EICMP" ", " "ICMP6" ", " "EICMP6" ","
+.BR "IP" ", " "EIP" ", " "IP6" ", " "EIP6" ", " "NFS" ", " "NFSD" ", " "SOCK" ", " "SOCK6" ","
+.BR "SOFT" ", " "TCP" ", " "ETCP" ", " "UDP " "and " "UDP6" "."
+
+.RB "With the " "DEV"
+keyword, statistics from the network devices are reported.
+Statistics for all network interfaces are displayed unless
+a restricted list is specified using option
+.B \-\-iface=
+(see corresponding option entry).
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP IFACE
+Name of the network interface for which statistics are reported.
+.IP rxpck/s
+Total number of packets received per second.
+.IP txpck/s
+Total number of packets transmitted per second.
+.IP rxkB/s
+Total number of kilobytes received per second.
+.IP txkB/s
+Total number of kilobytes transmitted per second.
+.IP rxcmp/s
+Number of compressed packets received per second (for cslip etc.).
+.IP txcmp/s
+Number of compressed packets transmitted per second.
+.IP rxmcst/s
+Number of multicast packets received per second.
+.IP %ifutil
+Utilization percentage of the network interface. For half-duplex interfaces,
+utilization is calculated using the sum of rxkB/s and txkB/s as a percentage
+of the interface speed. For full-duplex, this is the greater of rxkB/S or txkB/s.
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "EDEV"
+keyword, statistics on failures (errors) from the network devices are reported.
+Statistics for all network interfaces are displayed unless
+a restricted list is specified using option
+.B \-\-iface=
+(see corresponding option entry).
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP IFACE
+Name of the network interface for which statistics are reported.
+.IP rxerr/s
+Total number of bad packets received per second.
+.IP txerr/s
+Total number of errors that happened per second while transmitting packets.
+.IP coll/s
+Number of collisions that happened per second while transmitting packets.
+.IP rxdrop/s
+Number of received packets dropped per second because of a lack of space in linux buffers.
+.IP txdrop/s
+Number of transmitted packets dropped per second because of a lack of space in linux buffers.
+.IP txcarr/s
+Number of carrier-errors that happened per second while transmitting packets.
+.IP rxfram/s
+Number of frame alignment errors that happened per second on received packets.
+.IP rxfifo/s
+Number of FIFO overrun errors that happened per second on received packets.
+.IP txfifo/s
+Number of FIFO overrun errors that happened per second on transmitted packets.
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "FC"
+keyword, statistics about fibre channel traffic are reported.
+Note that fibre channel statistics depend on
+.BR "sadc" "'s option " "\-S DISK"
+to be collected.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP FCHOST
+Name of the fibre channel host bus adapter (HBA) interface for which statistics are reported.
+.IP fch_rxf/s
+The total number of frames received per second.
+.IP fch_txf/s
+The total number of frames transmitted per second.
+.IP fch_rxw/s
+The total number of transmission words received per second.
+.IP fch_txw/s
+The total number of transmission words transmitted per second.
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "ICMP"
+keyword, statistics about ICMPv4 network traffic are reported.
+Note that ICMPv4 statistics depend on
+.BR "sadc" "'s option " "\-S SNMP"
+to be collected.
+The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between
+square brackets):
+.RS
+.IP imsg/s
+The total number of ICMP messages which the entity
+received per second [icmpInMsgs].
+Note that this counter includes all those counted by ierr/s.
+.IP omsg/s
+The total number of ICMP messages which this entity
+attempted to send per second [icmpOutMsgs].
+Note that this counter includes all those counted by oerr/s.
+.IP iech/s
+The number of ICMP Echo (request) messages received per second [icmpInEchos].
+.IP iechr/s
+The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages received per second [icmpInEchoReps].
+.IP oech/s
+The number of ICMP Echo (request) messages sent per second [icmpOutEchos].
+.IP oechr/s
+The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages sent per second [icmpOutEchoReps].
+.IP itm/s
+The number of ICMP Timestamp (request) messages received per second [icmpInTimestamps].
+.IP itmr/s
+The number of ICMP Timestamp Reply messages received per second [icmpInTimestampReps].
+.IP otm/s
+The number of ICMP Timestamp (request) messages sent per second [icmpOutTimestamps].
+.IP otmr/s
+The number of ICMP Timestamp Reply messages sent per second [icmpOutTimestampReps].
+.IP iadrmk/s
+The number of ICMP Address Mask Request messages received per second [icmpInAddrMasks].
+.IP iadrmkr/s
+The number of ICMP Address Mask Reply messages received per second [icmpInAddrMaskReps].
+.IP oadrmk/s
+The number of ICMP Address Mask Request messages sent per second [icmpOutAddrMasks].
+.IP oadrmkr/s
+The number of ICMP Address Mask Reply messages sent per second [icmpOutAddrMaskReps].
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "EICMP"
+keyword, statistics about ICMPv4 error messages are reported.
+Note that ICMPv4 statistics depend on
+.BR "sadc" "'s option " "\-S SNMP"
+to be collected.
+The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between
+square brackets):
+.RS
+.IP ierr/s
+The number of ICMP messages per second which the entity received but
+determined as having ICMP-specific errors (bad ICMP
+checksums, bad length, etc.) [icmpInErrors].
+.IP oerr/s
+The number of ICMP messages per second which this entity did not send
+due to problems discovered within ICMP such as a lack of buffers [icmpOutErrors].
+.IP idstunr/s
+The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages
+received per second [icmpInDestUnreachs].
+.IP odstunr/s
+The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages sent per second [icmpOutDestUnreachs].
+.IP itmex/s
+The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages received per second [icmpInTimeExcds].
+.IP otmex/s
+The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages sent per second [icmpOutTimeExcds].
+.IP iparmpb/s
+The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages received per second [icmpInParmProbs].
+.IP oparmpb/s
+The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages sent per second [icmpOutParmProbs].
+.IP isrcq/s
+The number of ICMP Source Quench messages received per second [icmpInSrcQuenchs].
+.IP osrcq/s
+The number of ICMP Source Quench messages sent per second [icmpOutSrcQuenchs].
+.IP iredir/s
+The number of ICMP Redirect messages received per second [icmpInRedirects].
+.IP oredir/s
+The number of ICMP Redirect messages sent per second [icmpOutRedirects].
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "ICMP6"
+keyword, statistics about ICMPv6 network traffic are reported.
+Note that ICMPv6 statistics depend on
+.BR "sadc" "'s option " "\-S IPV6"
+to be collected.
+The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between
+square brackets):
+.RS
+.IP imsg6/s
+The total number of ICMP messages received
+by the interface per second which includes all those
+counted by ierr6/s [ipv6IfIcmpInMsgs].
+.IP omsg6/s
+The total number of ICMP messages which this
+interface attempted to send per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutMsgs].
+.IP iech6/s
+The number of ICMP Echo (request) messages
+received by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInEchos].
+.IP iechr6/s
+The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages received
+by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInEchoReplies].
+.IP oechr6/s
+The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages sent
+by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutEchoReplies].
+.IP igmbq6/s
+The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Query
+messages received by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpInGroupMembQueries].
+.IP igmbr6/s
+The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Response messages
+received by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpInGroupMembResponses].
+.IP ogmbr6/s
+The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Response
+messages sent per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpOutGroupMembResponses].
+.IP igmbrd6/s
+The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Reduction messages
+received by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpInGroupMembReductions].
+.IP ogmbrd6/s
+The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Reduction
+messages sent per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpOutGroupMembReductions].
+.IP irtsol6/s
+The number of ICMP Router Solicit messages
+received by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpInRouterSolicits].
+.IP ortsol6/s
+The number of ICMP Router Solicitation messages
+sent by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpOutRouterSolicits].
+.IP irtad6/s
+The number of ICMP Router Advertisement messages
+received by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpInRouterAdvertisements].
+.IP inbsol6/s
+The number of ICMP Neighbor Solicit messages
+received by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpInNeighborSolicits].
+.IP onbsol6/s
+The number of ICMP Neighbor Solicitation
+messages sent by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpOutNeighborSolicits].
+.IP inbad6/s
+The number of ICMP Neighbor Advertisement
+messages received by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpInNeighborAdvertisements].
+.IP onbad6/s
+The number of ICMP Neighbor Advertisement
+messages sent by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpOutNeighborAdvertisements].
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "EICMP6"
+keyword, statistics about ICMPv6 error messages are reported.
+Note that ICMPv6 statistics depend on
+.BR "sadc" "'s option " "\-S IPV6"
+to be collected.
+The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between
+square brackets):
+.RS
+.IP ierr6/s
+The number of ICMP messages per second which the interface
+received but determined as having ICMP-specific
+errors (bad ICMP checksums, bad length, etc.)
+[ipv6IfIcmpInErrors]
+.IP idtunr6/s
+The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable
+messages received by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpInDestUnreachs].
+.IP odtunr6/s
+The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable
+messages sent by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpOutDestUnreachs].
+.IP itmex6/s
+The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages
+received by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpInTimeExcds].
+.IP otmex6/s
+The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages sent
+by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpOutTimeExcds].
+.IP iprmpb6/s
+The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages
+received by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpInParmProblems].
+.IP oprmpb6/s
+The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages
+sent by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpOutParmProblems].
+.IP iredir6/s
+The number of Redirect messages received
+by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpInRedirects].
+.IP oredir6/s
+The number of Redirect messages sent by
+the interface by second
+[ipv6IfIcmpOutRedirects].
+.IP ipck2b6/s
+The number of ICMP Packet Too Big messages
+received by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpInPktTooBigs].
+.IP opck2b6/s
+The number of ICMP Packet Too Big messages sent
+by the interface per second
+[ipv6IfIcmpOutPktTooBigs].
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "IP"
+keyword, statistics about IPv4 network traffic are reported.
+Note that IPv4 statistics depend on
+.BR "sadc" "'s option " "\-S SNMP"
+to be collected.
+The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between
+square brackets):
+.RS
+.IP irec/s
+The total number of input datagrams received from interfaces
+per second, including those received in error [ipInReceives].
+.IP fwddgm/s
+The number of input datagrams per second, for which this entity was not
+their final IP destination, as a result of which an attempt
+was made to find a route to forward them to that final
+destination [ipForwDatagrams].
+.IP idel/s
+The total number of input datagrams successfully delivered per second
+to IP user-protocols (including ICMP) [ipInDelivers].
+.IP orq/s
+The total number of IP datagrams which local IP user-protocols (including ICMP)
+supplied per second to IP in requests for transmission [ipOutRequests].
+Note that this counter does not include any datagrams counted in fwddgm/s.
+.IP asmrq/s
+The number of IP fragments received per second which needed to be
+reassembled at this entity [ipReasmReqds].
+.IP asmok/s
+The number of IP datagrams successfully re-assembled per second [ipReasmOKs].
+.IP fragok/s
+The number of IP datagrams that have been successfully
+fragmented at this entity per second [ipFragOKs].
+.IP fragcrt/s
+The number of IP datagram fragments that have been
+generated per second as a result of fragmentation at this entity [ipFragCreates].
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "EIP"
+keyword, statistics about IPv4 network errors are reported.
+Note that IPv4 statistics depend on
+.BR "sadc" "'s option " "\-S SNMP"
+to be collected.
+The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between
+square brackets):
+.RS
+.IP ihdrerr/s
+The number of input datagrams discarded per second due to errors in
+their IP headers, including bad checksums, version number
+mismatch, other format errors, time-to-live exceeded, errors
+discovered in processing their IP options, etc. [ipInHdrErrors]
+.IP iadrerr/s
+The number of input datagrams discarded per second because the IP
+address in their IP header's destination field was not a
+valid address to be received at this entity. This count
+includes invalid addresses (e.g., 0.0.0.0) and addresses of
+unsupported Classes (e.g., Class E). For entities which are
+not IP routers and therefore do not forward datagrams, this
+counter includes datagrams discarded because the destination
+address was not a local address [ipInAddrErrors].
+.IP iukwnpr/s
+The number of locally-addressed datagrams received
+successfully but discarded per second because of an unknown or
+unsupported protocol [ipInUnknownProtos].
+.IP idisc/s
+The number of input IP datagrams per second for which no problems were
+encountered to prevent their continued processing, but which
+were discarded (e.g., for lack of buffer space) [ipInDiscards].
+Note that this counter does not include any datagrams discarded while
+awaiting re-assembly.
+.IP odisc/s
+The number of output IP datagrams per second for which no problem was
+encountered to prevent their transmission to their
+destination, but which were discarded (e.g., for lack of
+buffer space) [ipOutDiscards].
+Note that this counter would include
+datagrams counted in fwddgm/s if any such packets met
+this (discretionary) discard criterion.
+.IP onort/s
+The number of IP datagrams discarded per second because no route could
+be found to transmit them to their destination [ipOutNoRoutes].
+Note that this counter includes any packets counted in fwddgm/s
+which meet this 'no-route' criterion.
+Note that this includes any datagrams which a host cannot route because all
+of its default routers are down.
+.IP asmf/s
+The number of failures detected per second by the IP re-assembly
+algorithm (for whatever reason: timed out, errors, etc) [ipReasmFails].
+Note that this is not necessarily a count of discarded IP
+fragments since some algorithms can lose track of the number of
+fragments by combining them as they are received.
+.IP fragf/s
+The number of IP datagrams that have been discarded per second because
+they needed to be fragmented at this entity but could not
+be, e.g., because their Don't Fragment flag was set [ipFragFails].
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "IP6"
+keyword, statistics about IPv6 network traffic are reported.
+Note that IPv6 statistics depend on
+.BR "sadc" "'s option " "\-S IPV6"
+to be collected.
+The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between
+square brackets):
+.RS
+.IP irec6/s
+The total number of input datagrams received from
+interfaces per second, including those received in error
+[ipv6IfStatsInReceives].
+.IP fwddgm6/s
+The number of output datagrams per second which this
+entity received and forwarded to their final
+destinations [ipv6IfStatsOutForwDatagrams].
+.IP idel6/s
+The total number of datagrams successfully
+delivered per second to IPv6 user-protocols (including ICMP)
+[ipv6IfStatsInDelivers].
+.IP orq6/s
+The total number of IPv6 datagrams which local IPv6
+user-protocols (including ICMP) supplied per second to IPv6 in
+requests for transmission [ipv6IfStatsOutRequests].
+Note that this counter
+does not include any datagrams counted in fwddgm6/s.
+.IP asmrq6/s
+The number of IPv6 fragments received per second which needed
+to be reassembled at this interface [ipv6IfStatsReasmReqds].
+.IP asmok6/s
+The number of IPv6 datagrams successfully
+reassembled per second [ipv6IfStatsReasmOKs].
+.IP imcpck6/s
+The number of multicast packets received per second
+by the interface [ipv6IfStatsInMcastPkts].
+.IP omcpck6/s
+The number of multicast packets transmitted per second
+by the interface [ipv6IfStatsOutMcastPkts].
+.IP fragok6/s
+The number of IPv6 datagrams that have been
+successfully fragmented at this output interface per second
+[ipv6IfStatsOutFragOKs].
+.IP fragcr6/s
+The number of output datagram fragments that have
+been generated per second as a result of fragmentation at
+this output interface [ipv6IfStatsOutFragCreates].
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "EIP6"
+keyword, statistics about IPv6 network errors are reported.
+Note that IPv6 statistics depend on
+.BR "sadc" "'s option " "\-S IPV6"
+to be collected.
+The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between
+square brackets):
+.RS
+.IP ihdrer6/s
+The number of input datagrams discarded per second due to
+errors in their IPv6 headers, including version
+number mismatch, other format errors, hop count
+exceeded, errors discovered in processing their
+IPv6 options, etc. [ipv6IfStatsInHdrErrors]
+.IP iadrer6/s
+The number of input datagrams discarded per second because
+the IPv6 address in their IPv6 header's destination
+field was not a valid address to be received at
+this entity. This count includes invalid
+addresses (e.g., ::0) and unsupported addresses
+(e.g., addresses with unallocated prefixes). For
+entities which are not IPv6 routers and therefore
+do not forward datagrams, this counter includes
+datagrams discarded because the destination address
+was not a local address [ipv6IfStatsInAddrErrors].
+.IP iukwnp6/s
+The number of locally-addressed datagrams
+received successfully but discarded per second because of an
+unknown or unsupported protocol [ipv6IfStatsInUnknownProtos].
+.IP i2big6/s
+The number of input datagrams that could not be
+forwarded per second because their size exceeded the link MTU
+of outgoing interface [ipv6IfStatsInTooBigErrors].
+.IP idisc6/s
+The number of input IPv6 datagrams per second for which no
+problems were encountered to prevent their
+continued processing, but which were discarded
+(e.g., for lack of buffer space)
+[ipv6IfStatsInDiscards]. Note that this
+counter does not include any datagrams discarded
+while awaiting re-assembly.
+.IP odisc6/s
+The number of output IPv6 datagrams per second for which no
+problem was encountered to prevent their
+transmission to their destination, but which were
+discarded (e.g., for lack of buffer space)
+[ipv6IfStatsOutDiscards]. Note
+that this counter would include datagrams counted
+in fwddgm6/s if any such packets
+met this (discretionary) discard criterion.
+.IP inort6/s
+The number of input datagrams discarded per second because no
+route could be found to transmit them to their
+destination [ipv6IfStatsInNoRoutes].
+.IP onort6/s
+The number of locally generated IP datagrams discarded per second
+because no route could be found to transmit them to their
+destination [unknown formal SNMP name].
+.IP asmf6/s
+The number of failures detected per second by the IPv6
+re-assembly algorithm (for whatever reason: timed
+out, errors, etc.) [ipv6IfStatsReasmFails].
+Note that this is not necessarily a count of discarded
+IPv6 fragments since some algorithms
+can lose track of the number of fragments
+by combining them as they are received.
+.IP fragf6/s
+The number of IPv6 datagrams that have been
+discarded per second because they needed to be fragmented
+at this output interface but could not be
+[ipv6IfStatsOutFragFails].
+.IP itrpck6/s
+The number of input datagrams discarded per second because
+datagram frame didn't carry enough data
+[ipv6IfStatsInTruncatedPkts].
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "NFS"
+keyword, statistics about NFS client activity are reported.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP call/s
+Number of RPC requests made per second.
+.IP retrans/s
+Number of RPC requests per second, those which needed to be retransmitted
+(for example because of a server timeout).
+.IP read/s
+Number of 'read' RPC calls made per second.
+.IP write/s
+Number of 'write' RPC calls made per second.
+.IP access/s
+Number of 'access' RPC calls made per second.
+.IP getatt/s
+Number of 'getattr' RPC calls made per second.
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "NFSD"
+keyword, statistics about NFS server activity are reported.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP scall/s
+Number of RPC requests received per second.
+.IP badcall/s
+Number of bad RPC requests received per second, those whose
+processing generated an error.
+.IP packet/s
+Number of network packets received per second.
+.IP udp/s
+Number of UDP packets received per second.
+.IP tcp/s
+Number of TCP packets received per second.
+.IP hit/s
+Number of reply cache hits per second.
+.IP miss/s
+Number of reply cache misses per second.
+.IP sread/s
+Number of 'read' RPC calls received per second.
+.IP swrite/s
+Number of 'write' RPC calls received per second.
+.IP saccess/s
+Number of 'access' RPC calls received per second.
+.IP sgetatt/s
+Number of 'getattr' RPC calls received per second.
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "SOCK"
+keyword, statistics on sockets in use are reported (IPv4).
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP totsck
+Total number of sockets used by the system.
+.IP tcpsck
+Number of TCP sockets currently in use.
+.IP udpsck
+Number of UDP sockets currently in use.
+.IP rawsck
+Number of RAW sockets currently in use.
+.IP ip\-frag
+Number of IP fragments currently in queue.
+.IP tcp\-tw
+Number of TCP sockets in TIME_WAIT state.
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "SOCK6"
+keyword, statistics on sockets in use are reported (IPv6).
+Note that IPv6 statistics depend on
+.BR "sadc" "'s option " "\-S IPV6"
+to be collected.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP tcp6sck
+Number of TCPv6 sockets currently in use.
+.IP udp6sck
+Number of UDPv6 sockets currently in use.
+.IP raw6sck
+Number of RAWv6 sockets currently in use.
+.IP ip6\-frag
+Number of IPv6 fragments currently in use.
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "SOFT"
+keyword, statistics about software-based network processing are reported.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP total/s
+The total number of network frames processed per second.
+.IP dropd/s
+The total number of network frames dropped per second because there
+was no room on the processing queue.
+.IP squeezd/s
+The number of times the softirq handler function terminated per second
+because its budget was consumed or the time limit was reached, but more
+work could have been done.
+.IP rx_rps/s
+The number of times the CPU has been woken up per second
+to process packets via an inter-processor interrupt.
+.IP flw_lim/s
+The number of times the flow limit has been reached per second.
+Flow limiting is an optional RPS feature that can be used to limit the number of
+packets queued to the backlog for each flow to a certain amount.
+This can help ensure that smaller flows are processed even though
+much larger flows are pushing packets in.
+.IP blg_len
+The length of the network backlog.
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "TCP"
+keyword, statistics about TCPv4 network traffic are reported.
+Note that TCPv4 statistics depend on
+.BR "sadc" "'s option " "\-S SNMP"
+to be collected.
+The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between
+square brackets):
+.RS
+.IP active/s
+The number of times TCP connections have made a direct
+transition to the SYN\-SENT state from the CLOSED state per second [tcpActiveOpens].
+.IP passive/s
+The number of times TCP connections have made a direct
+transition to the SYN\-RCVD state from the LISTEN state per second [tcpPassiveOpens].
+.IP iseg/s
+The total number of segments received per second, including those
+received in error [tcpInSegs].  This count includes segments received on
+currently established connections.
+.IP oseg/s
+The total number of segments sent per second, including those on
+current connections but excluding those containing only
+retransmitted octets [tcpOutSegs].
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "ETCP"
+keyword, statistics about TCPv4 network errors are reported.
+Note that TCPv4 statistics depend on
+.BR "sadc" "'s option " "\-S SNMP"
+to be collected.
+The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between
+square brackets):
+.RS
+.IP atmptf/s
+The number of times per second TCP connections have made a direct
+transition to the CLOSED state from either the SYN\-SENT
+state or the SYN\-RCVD state, plus the number of times per second TCP
+connections have made a direct transition to the LISTEN
+state from the SYN\-RCVD state [tcpAttemptFails].
+.IP estres/s
+The number of times per second TCP connections have made a direct
+transition to the CLOSED state from either the ESTABLISHED
+state or the CLOSE\-WAIT state [tcpEstabResets].
+.IP retrans/s
+The total number of segments retransmitted per second - that is, the
+number of TCP segments transmitted containing one or more
+previously transmitted octets [tcpRetransSegs].
+.IP isegerr/s
+The total number of segments received in error (e.g., bad
+TCP checksums) per second [tcpInErrs].
+.IP orsts/s
+The number of TCP segments sent per second containing the RST flag [tcpOutRsts].
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "UDP"
+keyword, statistics about UDPv4 network traffic are reported.
+Note that UDPv4 statistics depend on
+.BR "sadc" "'s option " "\-S SNMP"
+to be collected.
+The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between
+square brackets):
+.RS
+.IP idgm/s
+The total number of UDP datagrams delivered per second to UDP users [udpInDatagrams].
+.IP odgm/s
+The total number of UDP datagrams sent per second from this entity [udpOutDatagrams].
+.IP noport/s
+The total number of received UDP datagrams per second for which there
+was no application at the destination port [udpNoPorts].
+.IP idgmerr/s
+The number of received UDP datagrams per second that could not be
+delivered for reasons other than the lack of an application
+at the destination port [udpInErrors].
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "UDP6"
+keyword, statistics about UDPv6 network traffic are reported.
+Note that UDPv6 statistics depend on
+.BR "sadc" "'s option " "\-S IPV6"
+to be collected.
+The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between
+square brackets):
+.RS
+.IP idgm6/s
+The total number of UDP datagrams delivered per second to UDP users
+[udpInDatagrams].
+.IP odgm6/s
+The total number of UDP datagrams sent per second from this
+entity [udpOutDatagrams].
+.IP noport6/s
+The total number of received UDP datagrams per second for which there
+was no application at the destination port [udpNoPorts].
+.IP idgmer6/s
+The number of received UDP datagrams per second that could not be
+delivered for reasons other than the lack of an application
+at the destination port [udpInErrors].
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "The " "ALL"
+keyword is equivalent to specifying all the keywords above and therefore all the network
+activities are reported.
+.TP
+.BI "\-o [ " "filename " "]"
+Save the readings in the file in binary form. Each reading
+is in a separate record. The default value of the
+.I filename
+parameter is the current standard system activity daily data file. If
+.I filename
+is a directory instead of a plain file then it is considered as the directory
+where the standard system activity daily data files are located. Option
+.BR "\-o " "is exclusive of option " "\-f" "."
+All the data available from the kernel are saved in the file (in fact,
+.BR "sar " "calls its data collector " "sadc " "with the option " "\-S ALL" "."
+.RB "See " "sadc" "(8) manual page)."
+.TP
+.BI "\-P { " "cpu_list " "| ALL }"
+Report per-processor statistics for the specified processor or processors.
+.I cpu_list
+is a list of comma-separated values or range of values (e.g.,
+.BR "0,2,4\-7,12\-" ")."
+Note that processor 0 is the first processor, and processor
+.B all
+is the global average among all processors.
+Specifying the
+.B ALL
+keyword reports statistics for each individual processor, and globally for
+all processors. Offline processors are not displayed.
+.TP
+.BR "\-p" ", " "\-\-pretty"
+Make reports easier to read by a human.
+This option may be especially useful when displaying e.g., network interfaces
+or block devices statistics.
+.TP
+.BI "\-q [ " "keyword" "[,...] | ALL ]"
+Report system load and pressure-stall statistics.
+
+Possible keywords are
+.BR "CPU" ", " "IO" ", " "LOAD" ", " "MEM " "and " "PSI" "."
+
+.RB "With the " "CPU"
+keyword, CPU pressure statistics are reported.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP %scpu\-10
+Percentage of the time that at least some runnable tasks were delayed because the CPU
+was unavailable to them, over the last 10 second window.
+.IP %scpu\-60
+Percentage of the time that at least some runnable tasks were delayed because the CPU
+was unavailable to them, over the last 60 second window.
+.IP %scpu\-300
+Percentage of the time that at least some runnable tasks were delayed because the CPU
+was unavailable to them, over the last 300 second window.
+.IP %scpu
+Percentage of the time that at least some runnable tasks were delayed because the CPU
+was unavailable to them, over the last time interval.
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "IO"
+keyword, I/O pressure statistics are reported.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP %sio\-10
+Percentage of the time that at least some tasks lost waiting for I/O,
+over the last 10 second window.
+.IP %sio\-60
+Percentage of the time that at least some tasks lost waiting for I/O,
+over the last 60 second window.
+.IP %sio\-300
+Percentage of the time that at least some tasks lost waiting for I/O,
+over the last 300 second window.
+.IP %sio
+Percentage of the time that at least some tasks lost waiting for I/O,
+over the last time interval.
+.IP %fio\-10
+Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled
+waiting for I/O, over the last 10 second window.
+.IP %fio\-60
+Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled
+waiting for I/O, over the last 60 second window.
+.IP %fio\-300
+Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled
+waiting for I/O, over the last 300 second window.
+.IP %fio
+Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled
+waiting for I/O, over the last time interval.
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "LOAD"
+keyword, queue length and load averages statistics are reported.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP runq\-sz
+Run queue length (number of tasks running or waiting for run time).
+.IP plist\-sz
+Number of tasks in the task list.
+.IP ldavg\-1
+System load average for the last minute.
+The load average is calculated as the average number of runnable or
+running tasks (R state), and the number of tasks in uninterruptible
+sleep (D state) over the specified interval.
+.IP ldavg\-5
+System load average for the past 5 minutes.
+.IP ldavg\-15
+System load average for the past 15 minutes.
+.IP blocked
+Number of tasks currently blocked, waiting for I/O to complete.
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "With the " "MEM"
+keyword, memory pressure statistics are reported.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP %smem\-10
+Percentage of the time during which at least some tasks were waiting
+for memory resources, over the last 10 second window.
+.IP %smem\-60
+Percentage of the time during which at least some tasks were waiting
+for memory resources, over the last 60 second window.
+.IP %smem\-300
+Percentage of the time during which at least some tasks were waiting
+for memory resources, over the last 300 second window.
+.IP %smem
+Percentage of the time during which at least some tasks were waiting
+for memory resources, over the last time interval.
+.IP %fmem\-10
+Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled
+waiting for memory resources, over the last 10 second window.
+.IP %fmem\-60
+Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled
+waiting for memory resources, over the last 60 second window.
+.IP %fmem\-300
+Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled
+waiting for memory resources, over the last 300 second window.
+.IP %fmem
+Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled
+waiting for memory resources, over the last time interval.
+.RE
+
+.IP
+.RB "The " "PSI"
+keyword is equivalent to specifying CPU, IO and MEM keywords together
+and therefore all the pressure-stall statistics are reported.
+
+.RB "The " "ALL"
+keyword is equivalent to specifying all the keywords above
+and therefore all the statistics are reported.
+.TP
+.B \-r [ ALL ]
+Report memory utilization statistics. The
+.B ALL
+keyword indicates that all the memory fields should be displayed.
+The following values may be displayed:
+.RS
+.IP kbmemfree
+Amount of free memory available in kilobytes.
+.IP kbavail
+Estimate of how much memory in kilobytes is available for starting new
+applications, without swapping.
+The estimate takes into account that the system needs some page cache to
+function well, and that not all reclaimable slab will be reclaimable,
+due to items being in use. The impact of those factors will vary from
+system to system.
+.IP kbmemused
+Amount of used memory in kilobytes (calculated as total installed memory \-
+kbmemfree \- kbbuffers \- kbcached \- kbslab).
+.IP %memused
+Percentage of used memory.
+.IP kbbuffers
+Amount of memory used as buffers by the kernel in kilobytes.
+.IP kbcached
+Amount of memory used to cache data by the kernel in kilobytes.
+.IP kbcommit
+Amount of memory in kilobytes needed for current workload.
+This is an estimate of how much
+RAM/swap is needed to guarantee that there never is out of memory.
+.IP %commit
+Percentage of memory needed for current workload in relation to the
+total amount of memory (RAM+swap). This number may be greater
+than 100% because the kernel usually overcommits memory.
+.IP kbactive
+Amount of active memory in kilobytes (memory that has been used more recently
+and usually not reclaimed unless absolutely necessary).
+.IP kbinact
+Amount of inactive memory in kilobytes (memory which has been less recently
+used. It is more eligible to be reclaimed for other purposes).
+.IP kbdirty
+Amount of memory in kilobytes waiting to get written back to the disk.
+.IP kbanonpg
+Amount of non-file backed pages in kilobytes mapped into userspace page tables.
+.IP kbslab
+Amount of memory in kilobytes used by the kernel to cache data structures
+for its own use.
+.IP kbkstack
+Amount of memory in kilobytes used for kernel stack space.
+.IP kbpgtbl
+Amount of memory in kilobytes dedicated to the lowest level of page tables.
+.IP kbvmused
+Amount of memory in kilobytes of used virtual address space.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-S
+Report swap space utilization statistics.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP kbswpfree
+Amount of free swap space in kilobytes.
+.IP kbswpused
+Amount of used swap space in kilobytes.
+.IP %swpused
+Percentage of used swap space.
+.IP kbswpcad
+Amount of cached swap memory in kilobytes.
+This is memory that once was swapped out, is swapped back in but still also
+is in the swap area (if memory is needed it doesn't need to be swapped out
+again because it is already in the swap area. This saves I/O).
+.IP %swpcad
+Percentage of cached swap memory in relation to the amount of used swap space.
+.RE
+.PP
+.BI "\-s [ " "hh" ":" "mm" "[:" "ss" "] ]"
+.br
+.BI "\-s [ " "seconds_since_the_epoch " "]"
+.RS
+Set the starting time of the data, causing the
+.B sar
+command to extract records time-tagged at, or following, the time
+specified. The default starting time is 08:00:00.
+Hours must be given in 24-hour format, or as the number of seconds
+since the epoch (given as a 10 digit number). This option can be
+used only when data are read from a file (option
+.BR "\-f" ")."
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-\-sadc
+Indicate which data collector is called by
+.BR "sar" "."
+If the data collector is sought in
+.B PATH
+then enter "which sadc" to know where it is located.
+.TP
+.B \-t
+When reading data from a daily data file, indicate that
+.B sar
+should display the timestamps in the original local time of
+the data file creator. Without this option, the
+.B sar
+command displays the timestamps in the user's local time.
+.TP
+.B \-u [ ALL ]
+Report CPU utilization. The
+.B ALL
+keyword indicates that all the CPU fields should be displayed.
+The report may show the following fields:
+.RS
+.IP %user
+Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user
+level (application). Note that this field includes time spent running
+virtual processors.
+.IP %usr
+Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user
+level (application). Note that this field does NOT include time spent
+running virtual processors.
+.IP %nice
+Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user
+level with nice priority.
+.IP %system
+Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the system
+level (kernel). Note that this field includes time spent servicing
+hardware and software interrupts.
+.IP %sys
+Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the system
+level (kernel). Note that this field does NOT include time spent servicing
+hardware or software interrupts.
+.IP %iowait
+Percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle during which
+the system had an outstanding disk I/O request.
+.IP %steal
+Percentage of time spent in involuntary wait by the virtual CPU
+or CPUs while the hypervisor was servicing another virtual processor.
+.IP %irq
+Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to service hardware interrupts.
+.IP %soft
+Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to service software interrupts.
+.IP %guest
+Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to run a virtual processor.
+.IP %gnice
+Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to run a niced guest.
+.IP %idle
+Percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle and the system
+did not have an outstanding disk I/O request.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-V
+Print version number then exit.
+.TP
+.B \-v
+Report status of inode, file and other kernel tables.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP dentunusd
+Number of unused cache entries in the directory cache.
+.IP file\-nr
+Number of file handles used by the system.
+.IP inode\-nr
+Number of inode handlers used by the system.
+.IP pty\-nr
+Number of pseudo-terminals used by the system.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-W
+Report swapping statistics. The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP pswpin/s
+Total number of swap pages the system brought in per second.
+.IP pswpout/s
+Total number of swap pages the system brought out per second.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-w
+Report task creation and system switching activity.
+The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP proc/s
+Total number of tasks created per second.
+.IP cswch/s
+Total number of context switches per second.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-x
+Extended reports: Display minimum and maximum values in addition to
+average ones at the end of the report.
+.TP
+.B \-y
+Report TTY devices activity. The following values are displayed:
+.RS
+.IP rcvin/s
+Number of receive interrupts per second for current serial line.
+Serial line number is given in the TTY column.
+.IP xmtin/s
+Number of transmit interrupts per second for current serial line.
+.IP framerr/s
+Number of frame errors per second for current serial line.
+.IP prtyerr/s
+Number of parity errors per second for current serial line.
+.IP brk/s
+Number of breaks per second for current serial line.
+.IP ovrun/s
+Number of overrun errors per second for current serial line.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-z
+.RB "Tell " "sar"
+to omit output for any devices for which there was no activity during the
+sample period.
+
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+The
+.B sar
+command takes into account the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B S_COLORS
+By default statistics are displayed in color when the output is connected to a terminal.
+Use this variable to change the settings. Possible values for this variable are
+.IR "never" ", " "always " "or " "auto"
+(the latter is equivalent to the default settings).
+.br
+Please note that the color (being red, yellow, or some other color) used to display a value
+is not indicative of any kind of issue simply because of the color. It only indicates different
+ranges of values.
+.TP
+.B S_COLORS_SGR
+Specify the colors and other attributes used to display statistics on the terminal.
+Its value is a colon-separated list of capabilities that defaults to
+.BR "C=33;22:I=32;22:N=34;1:R=31;22:W=35;1:X=31;1:Z=34;22" "."
+Supported capabilities are:
+.RS
+.TP
+.B C=
+SGR (Select Graphic Rendition) substring for comments inserted in the binary daily
+data files.
+.TP
+.B I=
+SGR substring for item names or values (eg. network interfaces, CPU number...)
+.TP
+.B N=
+SGR substring for non-zero statistics values.
+.TP
+.B R=
+SGR substring for restart messages.
+.TP
+.BR "W=" " (or " "M=" ")"
+SGR substring for percentage values in the range from 75% to 90% (or in the range 10% to 25%
+depending on the metric's meaning).
+It is also used for negative values in the range from \-10 to \-5.
+.TP
+.BR "X=" " (or " "H=" ")"
+SGR substring for percentage values greater than or equal to 90% (or lower than or equal to 10%
+depending on the metric's meaning).
+It is also used for negative values lower than or equal to \-10.
+.TP
+.B Z=
+SGR substring for zero values.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B S_REPEAT_HEADER
+This variable contains the maximum number of lines after which a header has to be
+displayed by
+.B sar
+when the output is not a terminal.
+.TP
+.B S_TIME_DEF_TIME
+If this variable exists and its value is
+.BR "UTC " "then " "sar"
+will save its data in UTC time (data will still be displayed in local time).
+.B sar
+will also use UTC time instead of local time to determine the current daily
+data file located in the
+.I /var/log/sa
+directory. This variable may be useful for servers with users located across
+several timezones.
+.TP
+.B S_TIME_FORMAT
+If this variable exists and its value is
+.B ISO
+then the current locale will be ignored when printing the date in the report header.
+.RB "The " "sar"
+command will use the ISO 8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD) instead.
+The timestamp will also be compliant with ISO 8601 format.
+
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.TP
+.B sar \-u 2 5
+Report CPU utilization for each 2 seconds. 5 lines are displayed.
+.TP
+.B sar \-I \-\-int=14 \-o int14.file 2 10
+Report statistics on IRQ 14 for each 2 seconds. 10 lines are displayed.
+Data are stored in a file called
+.IR "int14.file" "."
+.TP
+.B sar \-r \-n DEV \-f /var/log/sa/sa16
+.RI "Display memory and network statistics saved in daily data file " "sa16" "."
+.TP
+.B sar \-A
+Display all the statistics saved in current daily data file.
+
+.SH BUGS
+.IR "/proc " "filesystem must be mounted for the
+.BR "sar " "command to work."
+.PP
+All the statistics are not necessarily available, depending on the kernel version used.
+.B sar
+assumes that you are using at least a 2.6 kernel.
+.PP
+.RB "Although " "sar"
+speaks of kilobytes (kB), megabytes (MB)..., it actually uses kibibytes (kiB), mebibytes (MiB)...
+A kibibyte is equal to 1024 bytes, and a mebibyte is equal to 1024 kibibytes.
+
+.SH FILES
+.I /var/log/sa/saDD
+.br
+.I /var/log/sa/saYYYYMMDD
+.RS
+The standard system activity daily data files and their default location.
+.IR "YYYY " "stands for the current year, " "MM " "for the current month and " "DD"
+for the current day.
+.RE
+
+.IR "/proc " "and " "/sys " "contain various files with system statistics."
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+Sebastien Godard (sysstat <at> orange.fr)
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR "sadc" "(8), " "sa1" "(8), " "sa2" "(8), " "sadf" "(1), " "sysstat" "(5), " "pidstat" "(1),"
+.BR "mpstat" "(1), " "iostat" "(1), " "vmstat" "(8)"
+.PP
+.I https://github.com/sysstat/sysstat
+.br
+.I https://sysstat.github.io/