Adding upstream version 4.22.0.upstream/4.22.0

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 776 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/upstream/mageia-cauldron/man1/gprof.1 b/upstream/mageia-cauldron/man1/gprof.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..98733055
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,776 @@
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+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "GPROF 1"
+.TH GPROF 1 "2023-01-14" "binutils-2.40.00" "GNU"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+gprof \- display call graph profile data
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+gprof [ \-[abcDhilLrsTvwxyz] ] [ \-[ABCeEfFJnNOpPqQRStZ][\fIname\fR] ]
+ [ \-I \fIdirs\fR ] [ \-d[\fInum\fR] ] [ \-k \fIfrom/to\fR ]
+ [ \-m \fImin-count\fR ] [ \-R \fImap_file\fR ] [ \-t \fItable-length\fR ]
+ [ \-\-[no\-]annotated\-source[=\fIname\fR] ]
+ [ \-\-[no\-]exec\-counts[=\fIname\fR] ]
+ [ \-\-[no\-]flat\-profile[=\fIname\fR] ] [ \-\-[no\-]graph[=\fIname\fR] ]
+ [ \-\-[no\-]time=\fIname\fR] [ \-\-all\-lines ] [ \-\-brief ]
+ [ \-\-debug[=\fIlevel\fR] ] [ \-\-function\-ordering ]
+ [ \-\-file\-ordering \fImap_file\fR ] [ \-\-directory\-path=\fIdirs\fR ]
+ [ \-\-display\-unused\-functions ] [ \-\-file\-format=\fIname\fR ]
+ [ \-\-file\-info ] [ \-\-help ] [ \-\-line ] [ \-\-inline\-file\-names ]
+ [ \-\-min\-count=\fIn\fR ] [ \-\-no\-static ] [ \-\-print\-path ]
+ [ \-\-separate\-files ] [ \-\-static\-call\-graph ] [ \-\-sum ]
+ [ \-\-table\-length=\fIlen\fR ] [ \-\-traditional ] [ \-\-version ]
+ [ \-\-width=\fIn\fR ] [ \-\-ignore\-non\-functions ]
+ [ \-\-demangle[=\fI\s-1STYLE\s0\fR] ] [ \-\-no\-demangle ]
+ [\-\-external\-symbol\-table=name]
+ [ \fIimage-file\fR ] [ \fIprofile-file\fR ... ]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR produces an execution profile of C, Pascal, or Fortran77
+programs.  The effect of called routines is incorporated in the profile
+of each caller.  The profile data is taken from the call graph profile file
+(\fIgmon.out\fR default) which is created by programs
+that are compiled with the \fB\-pg\fR option of
+\&\f(CW\*(C`cc\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`pc\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`f77\*(C'\fR.
+The \fB\-pg\fR option also links in versions of the library routines
+that are compiled for profiling.  \f(CW\*(C`Gprof\*(C'\fR reads the given object
+file (the default is \f(CW\*(C`a.out\*(C'\fR) and establishes the relation between
+its symbol table and the call graph profile from \fIgmon.out\fR.
+If more than one profile file is specified, the \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR
+output shows the sum of the profile information in the given profile files.
+.PP
+\&\f(CW\*(C`Gprof\*(C'\fR calculates the amount of time spent in each routine.
+Next, these times are propagated along the edges of the call graph.
+Cycles are discovered, and calls into a cycle are made to share the time
+of the cycle.
+.PP
+Several forms of output are available from the analysis.
+.PP
+The \fIflat profile\fR shows how much time your program spent in each function,
+and how many times that function was called.  If you simply want to know
+which functions burn most of the cycles, it is stated concisely here.
+.PP
+The \fIcall graph\fR shows, for each function, which functions called it, which
+other functions it called, and how many times.  There is also an estimate
+of how much time was spent in the subroutines of each function.  This can
+suggest places where you might try to eliminate function calls that use a
+lot of time.
+.PP
+The \fIannotated source\fR listing is a copy of the program's
+source code, labeled with the number of times each line of the
+program was executed.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+These options specify which of several output formats
+\&\f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR should produce.
+.PP
+Many of these options take an optional \fIsymspec\fR to specify
+functions to be included or excluded.  These options can be
+specified multiple times, with different symspecs, to include
+or exclude sets of symbols.
+.PP
+Specifying any of these options overrides the default (\fB\-p \-q\fR),
+which prints a flat profile and call graph analysis
+for all functions.
+.ie n .IP """\-A[\fIsymspec\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-A[\f(CIsymspec\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-A[symspec]"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-annotated\-source[=\fIsymspec\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-annotated\-source[=\f(CIsymspec\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--annotated-source[=symspec]"
+.PD
+The \fB\-A\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to print annotated source code.
+If \fIsymspec\fR is specified, print output only for matching symbols.
+.ie n .IP """\-b""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-b\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-b"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-brief""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-brief\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--brief"
+.PD
+If the \fB\-b\fR option is given, \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR doesn't print the
+verbose blurbs that try to explain the meaning of all of the fields in
+the tables.  This is useful if you intend to print out the output, or
+are tired of seeing the blurbs.
+.ie n .IP """\-B""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-B\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-B"
+The \fB\-B\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to print the call graph analysis.
+.ie n .IP """\-C[\fIsymspec\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-C[\f(CIsymspec\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-C[symspec]"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-exec\-counts[=\fIsymspec\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-exec\-counts[=\f(CIsymspec\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--exec-counts[=symspec]"
+.PD
+The \fB\-C\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to
+print a tally of functions and the number of times each was called.
+If \fIsymspec\fR is specified, print tally only for matching symbols.
+.Sp
+If the profile data file contains basic-block count records, specifying
+the \fB\-l\fR option, along with \fB\-C\fR, will cause basic-block
+execution counts to be tallied and displayed.
+.ie n .IP """\-i""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-i\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-i"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-file\-info""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-file\-info\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--file-info"
+.PD
+The \fB\-i\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to display summary information
+about the profile data file(s) and then exit.  The number of histogram,
+call graph, and basic-block count records is displayed.
+.ie n .IP """\-I \fIdirs\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-I \f(CIdirs\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-I dirs"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-directory\-path=\fIdirs\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-directory\-path=\f(CIdirs\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--directory-path=dirs"
+.PD
+The \fB\-I\fR option specifies a list of search directories in
+which to find source files.  Environment variable \fI\s-1GPROF_PATH\s0\fR
+can also be used to convey this information.
+Used mostly for annotated source output.
+.ie n .IP """\-J[\fIsymspec\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-J[\f(CIsymspec\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-J[symspec]"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-no\-annotated\-source[=\fIsymspec\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-no\-annotated\-source[=\f(CIsymspec\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--no-annotated-source[=symspec]"
+.PD
+The \fB\-J\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR not to
+print annotated source code.
+If \fIsymspec\fR is specified, \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR prints annotated source,
+but excludes matching symbols.
+.ie n .IP """\-L""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-L\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-L"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-print\-path""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-print\-path\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--print-path"
+.PD
+Normally, source filenames are printed with the path
+component suppressed.  The \fB\-L\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR
+to print the full pathname of
+source filenames, which is determined
+from symbolic debugging information in the image file
+and is relative to the directory in which the compiler
+was invoked.
+.ie n .IP """\-p[\fIsymspec\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-p[\f(CIsymspec\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-p[symspec]"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-flat\-profile[=\fIsymspec\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-flat\-profile[=\f(CIsymspec\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--flat-profile[=symspec]"
+.PD
+The \fB\-p\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to print a flat profile.
+If \fIsymspec\fR is specified, print flat profile only for matching symbols.
+.ie n .IP """\-P[\fIsymspec\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-P[\f(CIsymspec\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-P[symspec]"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-no\-flat\-profile[=\fIsymspec\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-no\-flat\-profile[=\f(CIsymspec\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--no-flat-profile[=symspec]"
+.PD
+The \fB\-P\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to suppress printing a flat profile.
+If \fIsymspec\fR is specified, \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR prints a flat profile,
+but excludes matching symbols.
+.ie n .IP """\-q[\fIsymspec\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-q[\f(CIsymspec\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-q[symspec]"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-graph[=\fIsymspec\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-graph[=\f(CIsymspec\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--graph[=symspec]"
+.PD
+The \fB\-q\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to print the call graph analysis.
+If \fIsymspec\fR is specified, print call graph only for matching symbols
+and their children.
+.ie n .IP """\-Q[\fIsymspec\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-Q[\f(CIsymspec\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Q[symspec]"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-no\-graph[=\fIsymspec\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-no\-graph[=\f(CIsymspec\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--no-graph[=symspec]"
+.PD
+The \fB\-Q\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to suppress printing the
+call graph.
+If \fIsymspec\fR is specified, \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR prints a call graph,
+but excludes matching symbols.
+.ie n .IP """\-t""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-t\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-t"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-table\-length=\fInum\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-table\-length=\f(CInum\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--table-length=num"
+.PD
+The \fB\-t\fR option causes the \fInum\fR most active source lines in
+each source file to be listed when source annotation is enabled.  The
+default is 10.
+.ie n .IP """\-y""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-y\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-y"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-separate\-files""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-separate\-files\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--separate-files"
+.PD
+This option affects annotated source output only.
+Normally, \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR prints annotated source files
+to standard-output.  If this option is specified,
+annotated source for a file named \fIpath/\fIfilename\fI\fR
+is generated in the file \fI\fIfilename\fI\-ann\fR.  If the underlying
+file system would truncate \fI\fIfilename\fI\-ann\fR so that it
+overwrites the original \fI\fIfilename\fI\fR, \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR generates
+annotated source in the file \fI\fIfilename\fI.ann\fR instead (if the
+original file name has an extension, that extension is \fIreplaced\fR
+with \fI.ann\fR).
+.ie n .IP """\-Z[\fIsymspec\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-Z[\f(CIsymspec\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Z[symspec]"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-no\-exec\-counts[=\fIsymspec\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-no\-exec\-counts[=\f(CIsymspec\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--no-exec-counts[=symspec]"
+.PD
+The \fB\-Z\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR not to
+print a tally of functions and the number of times each was called.
+If \fIsymspec\fR is specified, print tally, but exclude matching symbols.
+.ie n .IP """\-r""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-r\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-r"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-function\-ordering""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-function\-ordering\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--function-ordering"
+.PD
+The \fB\-\-function\-ordering\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to print a
+suggested function ordering for the program based on profiling data.
+This option suggests an ordering which may improve paging, tlb and
+cache behavior for the program on systems which support arbitrary
+ordering of functions in an executable.
+.Sp
+The exact details of how to force the linker to place functions
+in a particular order is system dependent and out of the scope of this
+manual.
+.ie n .IP """\-R \fImap_file\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-R \f(CImap_file\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-R map_file"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-file\-ordering \fImap_file\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-file\-ordering \f(CImap_file\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--file-ordering map_file"
+.PD
+The \fB\-\-file\-ordering\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to print a
+suggested .o link line ordering for the program based on profiling data.
+This option suggests an ordering which may improve paging, tlb and
+cache behavior for the program on systems which do not support arbitrary
+ordering of functions in an executable.
+.Sp
+Use of the \fB\-a\fR argument is highly recommended with this option.
+.Sp
+The \fImap_file\fR argument is a pathname to a file which provides
+function name to object file mappings.  The format of the file is similar to
+the output of the program \f(CW\*(C`nm\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+.Vb 8
+\&        c\-parse.o:00000000 T yyparse
+\&        c\-parse.o:00000004 C yyerrflag
+\&        c\-lang.o:00000000 T maybe_objc_method_name
+\&        c\-lang.o:00000000 T print_lang_statistics
+\&        c\-lang.o:00000000 T recognize_objc_keyword
+\&        c\-decl.o:00000000 T print_lang_identifier
+\&        c\-decl.o:00000000 T print_lang_type
+\&        ...
+.Ve
+.Sp
+To create a \fImap_file\fR with \s-1GNU\s0 \f(CW\*(C`nm\*(C'\fR, type a command like
+\&\f(CW\*(C`nm \-\-extern\-only \-\-defined\-only \-v \-\-print\-file\-name program\-name\*(C'\fR.
+.ie n .IP """\-T""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-T\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-T"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-traditional""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-traditional\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--traditional"
+.PD
+The \fB\-T\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to print its output in
+\&\*(L"traditional\*(R" \s-1BSD\s0 style.
+.ie n .IP """\-w \fIwidth\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-w \f(CIwidth\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-w width"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-width=\fIwidth\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-width=\f(CIwidth\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--width=width"
+.PD
+Sets width of output lines to \fIwidth\fR.
+Currently only used when printing the function index at the bottom
+of the call graph.
+.ie n .IP """\-x""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-x\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-x"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-all\-lines""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-all\-lines\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--all-lines"
+.PD
+This option affects annotated source output only.
+By default, only the lines at the beginning of a basic-block
+are annotated.  If this option is specified, every line in
+a basic-block is annotated by repeating the annotation for the
+first line.  This behavior is similar to \f(CW\*(C`tcov\*(C'\fR's \fB\-a\fR.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-demangle[=\fIstyle\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-demangle[=\f(CIstyle\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--demangle[=style]"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-no\-demangle""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-no\-demangle\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--no-demangle"
+.PD
+These options control whether \*(C+ symbol names should be demangled when
+printing output.  The default is to demangle symbols.  The
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-no\-demangle\*(C'\fR option may be used to turn off demangling. Different
+compilers have different mangling styles.  The optional demangling style
+argument can be used to choose an appropriate demangling style for your
+compiler.
+.SS "Analysis Options"
+.IX Subsection "Analysis Options"
+.ie n .IP """\-a""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-a\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-a"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-no\-static""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-no\-static\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--no-static"
+.PD
+The \fB\-a\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to suppress the printing of
+statically declared (private) functions.  (These are functions whose
+names are not listed as global, and which are not visible outside the
+file/function/block where they were defined.)  Time spent in these
+functions, calls to/from them, etc., will all be attributed to the
+function that was loaded directly before it in the executable file.
+This option affects both the flat profile and the call graph.
+.ie n .IP """\-c""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-c\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-c"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-static\-call\-graph""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-static\-call\-graph\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--static-call-graph"
+.PD
+The \fB\-c\fR option causes the call graph of the program to be
+augmented by a heuristic which examines the text space of the object
+file and identifies function calls in the binary machine code.
+Since normal call graph records are only generated when functions are
+entered, this option identifies children that could have been called,
+but never were.  Calls to functions that were not compiled with
+profiling enabled are also identified, but only if symbol table
+entries are present for them.
+Calls to dynamic library routines are typically \fInot\fR found
+by this option.
+Parents or children identified via this heuristic
+are indicated in the call graph with call counts of \fB0\fR.
+.ie n .IP """\-D""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-D\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-D"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-ignore\-non\-functions""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-ignore\-non\-functions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--ignore-non-functions"
+.PD
+The \fB\-D\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to ignore symbols which
+are not known to be functions.  This option will give more accurate
+profile data on systems where it is supported (Solaris and \s-1HPUX\s0 for
+example).
+.ie n .IP """\-k \fIfrom\fP/\fIto\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-k \f(CIfrom\f(CW/\f(CIto\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-k from/to"
+The \fB\-k\fR option allows you to delete from the call graph any arcs from
+symbols matching symspec \fIfrom\fR to those matching symspec \fIto\fR.
+.ie n .IP """\-l""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-l\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-l"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-line""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-line\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--line"
+.PD
+The \fB\-l\fR option enables line-by-line profiling, which causes
+histogram hits to be charged to individual source code lines,
+instead of functions.  This feature only works with programs compiled
+by older versions of the \f(CW\*(C`gcc\*(C'\fR compiler.  Newer versions of
+\&\f(CW\*(C`gcc\*(C'\fR are designed to work with the \f(CW\*(C`gcov\*(C'\fR tool instead.
+.Sp
+If the program was compiled with basic-block counting enabled,
+this option will also identify how many times each line of
+code was executed.
+While line-by-line profiling can help isolate where in a large function
+a program is spending its time, it also significantly increases
+the running time of \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR, and magnifies statistical
+inaccuracies.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-inline\-file\-names""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-inline\-file\-names\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--inline-file-names"
+This option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to print the source file after each
+symbol in both the flat profile and the call graph. The full path to the
+file is printed if used with the \fB\-L\fR option.
+.ie n .IP """\-m \fInum\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-m \f(CInum\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m num"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-min\-count=\fInum\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-min\-count=\f(CInum\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--min-count=num"
+.PD
+This option affects execution count output only.
+Symbols that are executed less than \fInum\fR times are suppressed.
+.ie n .IP """\-n\fIsymspec\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-n\f(CIsymspec\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-nsymspec"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-time=\fIsymspec\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-time=\f(CIsymspec\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--time=symspec"
+.PD
+The \fB\-n\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR, in its call graph analysis,
+to only propagate times for symbols matching \fIsymspec\fR.
+.ie n .IP """\-N\fIsymspec\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-N\f(CIsymspec\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Nsymspec"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-no\-time=\fIsymspec\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-no\-time=\f(CIsymspec\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--no-time=symspec"
+.PD
+The \fB\-n\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR, in its call graph analysis,
+not to propagate times for symbols matching \fIsymspec\fR.
+.ie n .IP """\-S\fIfilename\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-S\f(CIfilename\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Sfilename"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-external\-symbol\-table=\fIfilename\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-external\-symbol\-table=\f(CIfilename\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--external-symbol-table=filename"
+.PD
+The \fB\-S\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to read an external symbol table
+file, such as \fI/proc/kallsyms\fR, rather than read the symbol table
+from the given object file (the default is \f(CW\*(C`a.out\*(C'\fR). This is useful
+for profiling kernel modules.
+.ie n .IP """\-z""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-z\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-z"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-display\-unused\-functions""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-display\-unused\-functions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--display-unused-functions"
+.PD
+If you give the \fB\-z\fR option, \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR will mention all
+functions in the flat profile, even those that were never called, and
+that had no time spent in them.  This is useful in conjunction with the
+\&\fB\-c\fR option for discovering which routines were never called.
+.SS "Miscellaneous Options"
+.IX Subsection "Miscellaneous Options"
+.ie n .IP """\-d[\fInum\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-d[\f(CInum\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-d[num]"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-debug[=\fInum\fP]""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-debug[=\f(CInum\f(CW]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--debug[=num]"
+.PD
+The \fB\-d\fR \fInum\fR option specifies debugging options.
+If \fInum\fR is not specified, enable all debugging.
+.ie n .IP """\-h""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-h\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-h"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-help""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-help\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--help"
+.PD
+The \fB\-h\fR option prints command line usage.
+.ie n .IP """\-O\fIname\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-O\f(CIname\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Oname"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-file\-format=\fIname\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-file\-format=\f(CIname\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--file-format=name"
+.PD
+Selects the format of the profile data files.  Recognized formats are
+\&\fBauto\fR (the default), \fBbsd\fR, \fB4.4bsd\fR, \fBmagic\fR, and
+\&\fBprof\fR (not yet supported).
+.ie n .IP """\-s""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-s\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-s"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-sum""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-sum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--sum"
+.PD
+The \fB\-s\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to summarize the information
+in the profile data files it read in, and write out a profile data
+file called \fIgmon.sum\fR, which contains all the information from
+the profile data files that \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR read in.  The file \fIgmon.sum\fR
+may be one of the specified input files; the effect of this is to
+merge the data in the other input files into \fIgmon.sum\fR.
+.Sp
+Eventually you can run \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR again without \fB\-s\fR to analyze the
+cumulative data in the file \fIgmon.sum\fR.
+.ie n .IP """\-v""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-v\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-v"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """\-\-version""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-version\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--version"
+.PD
+The \fB\-v\fR flag causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to print the current version
+number, and then exit.
+.SS "Deprecated Options"
+.IX Subsection "Deprecated Options"
+These options have been replaced with newer versions that use symspecs.
+.ie n .IP """\-e \fIfunction_name\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-e \f(CIfunction_name\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-e function_name"
+The \fB\-e\fR \fIfunction\fR option tells \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to not print
+information about the function \fIfunction_name\fR (and its
+children...) in the call graph.  The function will still be listed
+as a child of any functions that call it, but its index number will be
+shown as \fB[not printed]\fR.  More than one \fB\-e\fR option may be
+given; only one \fIfunction_name\fR may be indicated with each \fB\-e\fR
+option.
+.ie n .IP """\-E \fIfunction_name\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-E \f(CIfunction_name\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-E function_name"
+The \f(CW\*(C`\-E \f(CIfunction\f(CW\*(C'\fR option works like the \f(CW\*(C`\-e\*(C'\fR option, but
+time spent in the function (and children who were not called from
+anywhere else), will not be used to compute the percentages-of-time for
+the call graph.  More than one \fB\-E\fR option may be given; only one
+\&\fIfunction_name\fR may be indicated with each \fB\-E\fR option.
+.ie n .IP """\-f \fIfunction_name\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-f \f(CIfunction_name\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-f function_name"
+The \fB\-f\fR \fIfunction\fR option causes \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR to limit the
+call graph to the function \fIfunction_name\fR and its children (and
+their children...).  More than one \fB\-f\fR option may be given;
+only one \fIfunction_name\fR may be indicated with each \fB\-f\fR
+option.
+.ie n .IP """\-F \fIfunction_name\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-F \f(CIfunction_name\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-F function_name"
+The \fB\-F\fR \fIfunction\fR option works like the \f(CW\*(C`\-f\*(C'\fR option, but
+only time spent in the function and its children (and their
+children...) will be used to determine total-time and
+percentages-of-time for the call graph.  More than one \fB\-F\fR option
+may be given; only one \fIfunction_name\fR may be indicated with each
+\&\fB\-F\fR option.  The \fB\-F\fR option overrides the \fB\-E\fR option.
+.SH "FILES"
+.IX Header "FILES"
+.ie n .IP """\fIa.out\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\f(CIa.out\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "a.out"
+the namelist and text space.
+.ie n .IP """\fIgmon.out\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\f(CIgmon.out\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "gmon.out"
+dynamic call graph and profile.
+.ie n .IP """\fIgmon.sum\fP""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\f(CIgmon.sum\f(CW\fR" 4
+.IX Item "gmon.sum"
+summarized dynamic call graph and profile.
+.SH "BUGS"
+.IX Header "BUGS"
+The granularity of the sampling is shown, but remains
+statistical at best.
+We assume that the time for each execution of a function
+can be expressed by the total time for the function divided
+by the number of times the function is called.
+Thus the time propagated along the call graph arcs to the function's
+parents is directly proportional to the number of times that
+arc is traversed.
+.PP
+Parents that are not themselves profiled will have the time of
+their profiled children propagated to them, but they will appear
+to be spontaneously invoked in the call graph listing, and will
+not have their time propagated further.
+Similarly, signal catchers, even though profiled, will appear
+to be spontaneous (although for more obscure reasons).
+Any profiled children of signal catchers should have their times
+propagated properly, unless the signal catcher was invoked during
+the execution of the profiling routine, in which case all is lost.
+.PP
+The profiled program must call \f(CW\*(C`exit\*(C'\fR(2)
+or return normally for the profiling information to be saved
+in the \fIgmon.out\fR file.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fBmonitor\fR\|(3), \fBprofil\fR\|(2), \fBcc\fR\|(1), \fBprof\fR\|(1), and the Info entry for \fIgprof\fR.
+.PP
+\&\*(L"An Execution Profiler for Modular Programs\*(R",
+by S. Graham, P. Kessler, M. McKusick;
+Software \- Practice and Experience,
+Vol. 13, pp. 671\-685, 1983.
+.PP
+\&\*(L"gprof: A Call Graph Execution Profiler\*(R",
+by S. Graham, P. Kessler, M. McKusick;
+Proceedings of the \s-1SIGPLAN\s0 '82 Symposium on Compiler Construction,
+\&\s-1SIGPLAN\s0 Notices, Vol. 17, No  6, pp. 120\-126, June 1982.
+.SH "COPYRIGHT"
+.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
+Copyright (c) 1988\-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.PP
+Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
+or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
+with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
+Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the
+section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".