Adding upstream version 4.22.0.upstream/4.22.0

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+\
+.\" This man page was generated by the Netpbm tool 'makeman' from HTML source.
+.\" Do not hand-hack it!  If you have bug fixes or improvements, please find
+.\" the corresponding HTML page on the Netpbm website, generate a patch
+.\" against that, and send it to the Netpbm maintainer.
+.TH "Pamperspective User Manual" 0 "2 September 2004" "netpbm documentation"
+
+.SH NAME
+
+pamperspective - a reverse scanline renderer for Netpbm images
+
+.UN synopsis
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+
+.nf
+\fBpamperspective\fP 
+    [\fB--bottom_margin=\fP\fInum\fP]
+    [\fB--detail=\fP\fInum\fP]
+    [\fB--frame_include=\fP\fIbool\fP]
+    [\fB--height=\fP\fInum\fP]
+    [\fB--include=[\fP\fIx1\fP,\fIy1\fP;\fIx2\fP,\fIy2\fP; ...]]
+    [\fB--input_system=\fP\fIspec\fP]
+    [\fB--input_unit=\fP\fIspec\fP]
+    [\fB--interpolation=\fP\fIspec\fP]
+    [\fB--left_margin=\fP\fInum\fP]
+    [\fB--margin=\fP\fInum\fP]
+    [\fB--output_system=\fP\fIspec\fP]
+    [\fB--proportion=\fP\fIspec\fP]
+    [\fB--ratio=\fP\fInum\fP]
+    [\fB--right_margin=\fP\fInum\fP]
+    [\fB--top_margin=\fP\fInum\fP]
+    [\fB--width=\fP\fInum\fP]
+    {
+      {
+        \fIupper_left_x\fP \fIupper_left_y\fP \fIupper_right_x\fP \fIupper_right_y\fP
+        \fIlower_left_x\fP \fIlower_left_y\fP \fIlower_right_x\fP \fIlower_right_y\fP
+      }
+      |
+      {
+        {\fB--upper_left_x\fP|\fB--ulx\fP}\fB=\fP\fIupper_left_x\fP
+        {\fB--upper_left_y\fP|\fB--uly\fP}\fB=\fP\fIupper_left_y\fP
+        {\fB--upper_right_x\fP|\fB--urx\fP}\fB=\fP\fIupper_right_x\fP
+        {\fB--upper_right_y\fP|\fB--ury\fP}\fB=\fP\fIupper_right_y\fP
+        {\fB--lower_left_x\fP|\fB--llx\fP}\fB=\fP\fIlower_left_x\fP
+        {\fB--lower_left_y\fP|\fB--lly\fP}\fB=\fP\fIlower_left_y\fP
+        {\fB--lower_right_x\fP|\fB--lrx\fP}\fB=\fP\fIlower_right_x\fP
+        {\fB--lower_right_y\fP|\fB--lry\fP}\fB=\fP\fIlower_right_y\fP
+      }
+   }
+   [\fIinfile\fP]
+
+.fi
+
+.SH OPTION USAGE
+.PP
+Minimum unique abbreviation of option is acceptable. (But note 
+that shortest unique prefixes might be longer in future versions of 
+the program.) You may use single hyphens instead of double hyphen to 
+denote options. You may use white space in place of the equals sign 
+to separate an option name from its value. All options starting with 
+hyphens may be given in any order. 
+
+
+.UN description
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+This program is part of
+.BR "Netpbm" (1)\c
+\&.
+.PP
+\fBpamperspective\fP reads a Netpbm image as input and produces a
+Netpbm image of the same format as output.
+.PP
+\fBpamperspective\fP interprets the input image as a perspective
+projection of another image which is in a plane oblique to that of the
+input image.  For example, a photograph of a painting, taken at an
+angle.  The arguments \fIupper_left_x\fP ... \fIlower_right_y\fP
+specify a quadrilateral in the photograph that \fBpamperspective\fP
+assumes corresponds to a parallelogram in the painting.  The output
+image consists of this parallelogram, sheared to a rectangle.  In this
+way \fBpamperspective\fP undoes the effect of a raytracer or scanline
+renderer.
+.PP
+Note that if the input image is a projection of a solid scene,
+rather than a plane, the result is like a different camera angle on
+that scene, to the extent that the scene is shallow from the other
+angle.
+.PP
+The input is from \fIinfile\fP, or from Standard Input, if
+\fIinfile\fP is not specified.  The output is to Standard Output.
+
+
+.UN options
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+For options of the form \fB--name=\fP\fInum\fP, You can specify
+the value \fInum\fP in any of the traditional ways.  Additionally,
+you can specify it as \fInum1\fP/\fInum2\fP, where \fInum1\fP and
+\fInum2\fP are specified traditionally.  This is useful for
+specifying a width/height ratio of 4/3, without having to write
+infinitely many digits.  Where \fInum\fP is supposed to be a natural
+number, \fBpamperspective\fP does not allow this format.
+
+.SS Quadrilateral specification options
+
+
+.TP
+\fB--upper_left_x=\fP\fInum\fP
+.TP
+\fB--ulx=\fP\fInum\fP
+
+  
+This specifies the horizontal coordinate of the upper left
+  vertex of the quadrilateral.  The meaning of 'upper left' is
+  relative to the output image.  The interpretation of \fInum\fP
+  depends on the values for \fB--input_system\fP and
+  \fB--input_unit\fP.
+
+.TP
+\fB--upper_left_y=\fP\fInum\fP
+.TP
+\fB--uly=\fP\fInum\fP
+
+  
+This specifies the vertical coordinate of the upper left vertex
+  of the quadrilateral.  The meaning of 'upper left' is relative to
+  the output image.  The interpretation of \fInum\fP depends on the
+  values for \fB--input_system\fP and \fB--input_unit\fP.
+
+.TP
+\fB--upper_right_x=\fP\fInum\fP
+.TP
+\fB--urx=\fP\fInum\fP
+
+  
+This specifies the horizontal coordinate of the upper right
+  vertex of the quadrilateral.  The meaning of 'upper right' is
+  relative to the output image.  The interpretation of \fInum\fP
+  depends on the values for \fB--input_system\fP and
+  \fB--input_unit\fP.
+
+.TP
+\fB--upper_right_y=\fP\fInum\fP
+.TP
+\fB--ury=\fP\fInum\fP
+
+  
+This specifies the vertical coordinate of the upper right vertex
+  of the quadrilateral.  The meaning of 'upper right' is relative to
+  the output image.  The interpretation of \fInum\fP depends on the
+  values for \fB--input_system\fP and \fB--input_unit\fP.
+
+.TP
+\fB--lower_left_x=\fP\fInum\fP
+.TP
+\fB--llx=\fP\fInum\fP
+
+  
+This specifies the horizontal coordinate of the lower left
+  vertex of the quadrilateral.  The meaning of 'lower left' is
+  relative to the output image.  The interpretation of \fInum\fP
+  depends on the values for \fB--input_system\fP and
+  \fB--input_unit\fP.
+
+.TP
+\fB--lower_left_y=\fP\fInum\fP
+.TP
+\fB--lly=\fP\fInum\fP
+
+  
+This specifies the vertical coordinate of the lower left vertex
+  of the quadrilateral.  The meaning of 'lower left' is relative to
+  the output image.  The interpretation of \fInum\fP depends on the
+  values for \fB--input_system\fP and \fB--input_unit\fP.
+
+.TP
+\fB--lower_right_x=\fP\fInum\fP
+.TP
+\fB--lrx=\fP\fInum\fP
+
+  
+This specifies the horizontal coordinate of the lower right
+  vertex of the quadrilateral.  The meaning of 'lower right' is
+  relative to the output image.  The interpretation of \fInum\fP
+  depends on the values for \fB--input_system\fP and
+  \fB--input_unit\fP.
+
+.TP
+\fB--lower_right_y=\fP\fInum\fP
+.TP
+\fB--lry=\fP\fInum\fP
+
+  
+This specifies the vertical coordinate of the lower right vertex
+  of the quadrilateral.  The meaning of 'lower right' is relative to
+  the output image.  The interpretation of \fInum\fP depends on the
+  values for \fB--input_system\fP and \fB--input_unit\fP.
+
+.TP
+\fB--input_system=\fP\fIsystem\fP
+.TP
+\fB--input_unit=\fP\fIunit\fP
+
+  
+The input image consists of pixels, which are, from the point of
+  view of a scanline renderer, solid squares.  These options specify
+  how the coordinates are interpreted:
+
+
+.TP
+\fIsystem\fP=\fBlattice\fP, \fIunit\fP=\fBimage\fP
+
+    
+(0,0) refers to the upper left corner of the upper left pixel
+    and (1,1) refers to the lower right corner of the lower right
+    pixel.
+
+.TP
+\fIsystem\fP=\fBlattice\fP, \fIunit\fP=\fBpixel\fP
+
+    
+(0,0) refers to the upper left corner of the upper left pixel
+    and (\fIwidth\fP,\fIheight\fP) refers to the lower right corner
+    of the lower right pixel.  Here \fIwidth\fP and \fIheight\fP are
+    the width and height of the input image.
+
+.TP
+\fIsystem\fP=\fBpixel\fP, \fIunit\fP=\fBimage\fP
+
+    
+(0,0) refers to the center of the upper left pixel and (1,1)
+    refers to the center of the lower right pixel.
+
+.TP
+\fIsystem\fP=\fBpixel\fP, \fIunit\fP=\fBpixel\fP
+
+    
+(0,0) refers to the center of the upper left pixel and
+    (\fIwidth\fP-1,\fIheight\fP-1) refers to the center of the lower
+    right pixel.  Here \fIwidth\fP and \fIheight\fP are the width
+    and height of the input image.
+
+
+
+  The defaults are \fB--input_system\fP=\fBlattice\fP and
+  \fB--input_unit\fP=\fBpixel\fP.  Point-and-click front ends should
+  use \fB--input_system\fP=\fBpixel\fP.
+
+
+
+.UN frameoptions
+.SS Frame Options
+
+By default \fBpamperspective\fP outputs exactly the above
+parallelogram, sheared to a rectangle.  With the following options, it
+is possible to make \fBpamperspective\fP output a larger or smaller
+portion, which we call the "visible part." We refer to the
+default rectangle as the "frame." The visible part is always
+a rectangle the axes of which are parallel to those of the frame.
+.PP
+The frame options are additive.  All the parts of the image
+specified by either margin options, \fB--include_frame\fP, or
+\fB--include\fP (or their defaults) are in the visible part.  The
+visible part is the smallest possible rectangle that contains the
+parts specified those three ways.
+.PP
+The visible part must have nonzero size.  That means if you specify
+\fB--frame_include=no\fP (overriding the default), you'll need to
+specify other frame options in order to have something in the visible
+part.
+
+
+.TP
+[\fB--margin=\fP\fInum\fP]
+
+  
+This specifies an area surrounding the frame that is to be
+  included in the visible part.  The units of \fInum\fP are the width
+  of the frame for the horizontal extensions and the height of the
+  frame for vertical extensions.
+.sp
+For example, \fB--margin=1\fP makes the visible part 9 times as large,
+  because it makes the visible part extend one frame's worth to the left
+  of the frame, one frame's worth to the right, one frame's worth above
+  the frame, and one frame's worth below the frame, for a total of
+  3 frames' worth in both dimensions.
+.sp
+A negative value has an effect only if you specify
+  \fB--frame_include=no\fP.  The default is no margin.
+.sp
+The individual margin options below override this common margin
+  setting.
+
+
+.TP
+[\fB--top_margin=\fP\fInum\fP]
+.TP
+[\fB--left_margin=\fP\fInum\fP]
+.TP
+[\fB--right_margin=\fP\fInum\fP]
+.TP
+[\fB--bottom_margin=\fP\fInum\fP]
+
+  
+These are like \fB--margin\fP, but they specify only one of 
+  the 4 sides.  The default value for each is the value (or default) of
+  \fB--margin\fP.
+
+
+.TP
+[\fB--frame_include=\fP\fIbool\fP]
+
+  
+Valid values for \fIbool\fP are:
+
+
+.TP
+\fByes\fP
+.TP
+\fBtrue\fP
+.TP
+\fBon\fP
+
+    
+The frame itself is in the visible part.
+
+.TP
+\fBno\fP
+.TP
+\fBfalse\fP
+.TP
+\fBoff\fP
+
+    
+The frame itself is not necessarily in the visible part
+    (but it could be if other options cause it to be).
+
+
+
+
+  The default value is \fByes\fP
+
+.TP
+\fB--include=[\fP\fIx1\fP,\fIy1\fP;\fIx2\fP,\fIy2\fP; ...]
+
+  
+The visible part is made large enough such that every point
+  (\fIx1\fP,\fIy1\fP), (\fIx2\fP,\fIy2\fP), of the \fIinput\fP image is 
+  visible.  The meaning of \fIx\fP and \fIy\fP is determined by
+  \fB--input_system\fP and \fB--input_unit\fP.  You can specify any
+  number of semicolon-delimited points, including zero.
+.sp
+If you're supplying these options via a Unix command shell, be
+  sure to use proper quoting, because semicolon (\fB;\fP) is usually
+  a shell control character.
+
+
+
+  
+.PP
+The frame options were new in Netpbm 10.25 (October 2004).
+
+.UN outputsizeoptions
+.SS Output Size Options
+
+
+.TP
+\fB--width=\fP\fIwidth\fP
+.TP
+\fB--height=\fP\fIheight\fP
+
+  
+These specify the size of the output image in horizontal and
+  vertical direction.  The values are numbers of pixels, so only
+  natural numbers are valid.  These values override the default
+  means to determine the output size.
+
+.TP
+\fB--detail=\fP\fInum\fP
+
+  
+If you do not specify \fB--width\fP, \fBpamperspective\fP
+  determines the width of the output image such that moving \fInum\fP
+  output pixels horizontally does not change the corresponding pixel
+  coordinates of the input image by more than 1.
+  \fBpamperspective\fP determines the height of the output image
+  analogously.  The default value is 1.
+
+.TP
+\fB--proportion=\fP\fIprop\fP
+.TP
+\fB--ratio=\fP\fIratio\fP
+
+  
+Valid values for \fIprop\fP are:
+
+
+.TP
+\fBfree\fP
+
+    
+In this case \fB--ratio\fP does not have any effect.
+
+.TP
+\fBfixed\fP
+After the width and height are determined
+    according to \fB--detail\fP, one of both will be increased, in
+    order to obtain width/height=\fIratio\fP.
+
+
+
+  The defaults are \fB--proportion\fP=\fBfree\fP and
+  \fB--ratio\fP=1.
+
+
+
+.UN outputoptions
+.SS Output Options
+
+
+.TP
+\fB--output_system=\fP\fIspec\fP
+
+  
+The output image consists of pixels, which are, from the point
+  of view of a scanline renderer, solid squares.  This option
+  specifies how the four vertices of the quadrilateral correspond to
+  the pixels of the output image.  Valid values for \fIspec\fP are:
+
+
+.TP
+\fBlattice\fP
+
+    
+The upper left vertex corresponds to the upper left corner of
+    the upper left pixel and The lower right vertex corresponds to the
+    lower right corner of the lower right
+    pixel.
+
+.TP
+\fBpixel\fP
+
+    
+The upper left vertex corresponds to the center of the upper
+    left pixel and The lower right vertex corresponds to the center of
+    the lower right pixel.
+
+
+
+  The default value is \fBlattice\fP.  Point-and-click front ends
+  should use \fBpixel\fP.
+
+.TP
+\fB--interpolation=\fP\fIspec\fP
+
+  
+Usually (centers of) output pixels do not exactly correspond to
+  (centers of) input pixels.  This option determines how the program
+  will choose the new pixels.  Valid values for \fIspec\fP are:
+
+
+.TP
+\fBnearest\fP
+
+    
+The output pixel will be identical to the nearest input
+    pixel.
+
+.TP
+\fBlinear\fP
+
+    
+The output pixel will be a bilinear interpolation of the four
+    surrounding input pixels.
+
+
+
+  The default value is \fBnearest\fP.
+
+
+
+.UN hints
+.SH HINTS
+.PP
+It might be tempting always to use the options
+\fB--include 0,0;0,1;1,0;1,1\fP 
+(assuming \fB--input_system=lattice\fP and \fB--input_unit=image\fP), 
+so that no part of the input image is missing in the output. 
+There are problems with that:
+
+
+.IP \(bu
+If the three dimensional plane defined by the quadrilateral has a
+  visible horizon in the input image, then the above asks \fBpamperspective\fP
+  to include points that cannot ever be part of the output.
+
+.IP \(bu
+If the horizon is not visible, but close to the border of the
+  input image, this may result in \fIvery\fP large output
+  files. Consider a picture of a road. If you ask for a point close to
+  the horizon to be included, then this point is far away from the
+  viewer. The output will cover many kilometers of road, while
+  \fB--detail\fP perhaps makes a pixel represent a square centimeter.
+
+  
+.PP
+When working with large files \fBpamperspective\fP's memory usage
+might be an issue.  In order to keep it small, you should minimize each
+of the following:
+
+
+.IP \(bu
+The vertical range that the top output line consumes in the
+  input image;
+
+.IP \(bu
+The vertical range that the bottom output line consumes in the
+  input image;
+
+.IP \(bu
+The vertical range from the topmost (with respect to the 
+  input image) quadrilateral point to the top (with respect to the output 
+  image) output line.
+
+  
+
+For this purpose you can use \fBpamflip\fP before and/or after
+\fBpamperspective\fP. Example: Instead of
+
+.nf
+\fBpamperspective 10 0 100 50 0 20 95 100 infile > outfile\fP
+.fi
+
+you can use
+
+.nf
+\fB
+pamflip -rotate90 infile | 
+   pamperspective 50 0 100 5 0 90 20 100 | 
+   pamflip -rotate270 > outfile
+\fP
+.fi
+  
+.UN seealso
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR "\fBnetpbm\fP" (1)\c
+\&,
+.BR "\fBpam\fP" (1)\c
+\&,
+.BR "\fBpnm\fP" (1)\c
+\&,
+.BR "\fBpamcut\fP" (1)\c
+\&,
+.BR "\fBpamflip\fP" (1)\c
+\&,
+.BR "\fBpnmrotate\fP" (1)\c
+\&,
+.BR "\fBpamscale\fP" (1)\c
+\&,
+.BR "\fBpnmshear\fP" (1)\c
+\&,
+.BR "\fBpnmstitch\fP" (1)\c
+\&
+
+.UN history
+.SH HISTORY
+.PP
+Mark Weyer wrote \fBpamperspective\fP in March 2004.
+.PP
+It was new in Netpbm 10.22 (April 2004).
+
+
+.UN author
+.SH AUTHOR
+
+This documentation was written by Mark Weyer.  Permission is granted
+to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the
+GNU General Public License, Version 2 or any later version published
+by the Free Software Foundation.
+.SH DOCUMENT SOURCE
+This manual page was generated by the Netpbm tool 'makeman' from HTML
+source.  The master documentation is at
+.IP
+.B http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/pamperspective.html
+.PP
\ No newline at end of file