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diff --git a/po/fr/man7/mount_namespaces.7.po b/po/fr/man7/mount_namespaces.7.po new file mode 100644 index 00000000..aedf4b0b --- /dev/null +++ b/po/fr/man7/mount_namespaces.7.po @@ -0,0 +1,2735 @@ +# French translation of manpages +# This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package. +# Copyright © of this file: +# Christophe Blaess <https://www.blaess.fr/christophe/>, 1996-2003. +# Stéphan Rafin <stephan.rafin@laposte.net>, 2002. +# Thierry Vignaud <tvignaud@mandriva.com>, 1999, 2002. +# François Micaux, 2002. +# Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>, 2003-2008. +# Jean-Philippe Guérard <fevrier@tigreraye.org>, 2005-2006. +# Jean-Luc Coulon (f5ibh) <jean-luc.coulon@wanadoo.fr>, 2006-2007. +# Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org>, 2006-2007. +# Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com>, 2006-2008. +# Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>, 2006-2008. +# Florentin Duneau <fduneau@gmail.com>, 2006-2010. +# Simon Paillard <simon.paillard@resel.enst-bretagne.fr>, 2006. +# Denis Barbier <barbier@debian.org>, 2006, 2010. +# David Prévot <david@tilapin.org>, 2010, 2012. +# Jean-Paul Guillonneau <guillonneau.jeanpaul@free.fr>, 2023. +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: man-pages.fr\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-01 17:02+0100\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-11-06 14:04+0100\n" +"Last-Translator: Jean-Paul Guillonneau <guillonneau.jeanpaul@free.fr>\n" +"Language-Team: French <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n" +"X-Generator: vim\n" + +#. type: TH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "mount_namespaces" +msgstr "mount_namespaces" + +#. type: TH +#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron +#, no-wrap +msgid "2023-10-31" +msgstr "31 octobre 2023" + +#. type: TH +#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron +#, no-wrap +msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06" +msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.06" + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "NAME" +msgstr "NOM" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "mount_namespaces - overview of Linux mount namespaces" +msgstr "mount_namespaces – Aperçu des espaces de noms montage de Linux" + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "DESCRIPTION" +msgstr "DESCRIPTION" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "For an overview of namespaces, see B<namespaces>(7)." +msgstr "" +"Pour une présentation générale des espaces de noms, consultez " +"B<namespaces>(7)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Mount namespaces provide isolation of the list of mounts seen by the " +"processes in each namespace instance. Thus, the processes in each of the " +"mount namespace instances will see distinct single-directory hierarchies." +msgstr "" +"Les espaces de noms montage permettent d'isoler la liste des montages vus " +"par les processus dans chaque instance d’espace de noms. Ainsi, les " +"processus dans chacune des instances d’espace de noms montage verront les " +"hiérarchies distinctes d’un répertoire unique." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The views provided by the I</proc/>pidI</mounts>, I</proc/>pidI</mountinfo>, " +"and I</proc/>pidI</mountstats> files (all described in B<proc>(5)) " +"correspond to the mount namespace in which the process with the PID I<pid> " +"resides. (All of the processes that reside in the same mount namespace will " +"see the same view in these files.)" +msgstr "" +"Les vues fournies par les fichiers I</proc/>pidI</mounts>, I</proc/>pidI</" +"mountinfo>, et I</proc/>pidI</mountstats> (tous décrits dans B<proc>(5)) " +"correspondent à l’espace de noms montage dans lequel le processus avec le " +"PID I<pid> réside (tous les processus dans le même espace de noms montage " +"voient la même chose dans ces fichiers)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A new mount namespace is created using either B<clone>(2) or B<unshare>(2) " +"with the B<CLONE_NEWNS> flag. When a new mount namespace is created, its " +"mount list is initialized as follows:" +msgstr "" +"Un nouvel espace de noms montage est créé en utilisant soit B<clone>(2) ou " +"B<unshare>(2) avec l’attribut B<CLONE_NEWNS>. Quand un nouvel espace de noms " +"montage est créé, sa liste de montages est initialisée comme suit :" + +#. type: IP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "\\[bu]" +msgstr "-" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"If the namespace is created using B<clone>(2), the mount list of the child's " +"namespace is a copy of the mount list in the parent process's mount " +"namespace." +msgstr "" +"si l’espace de noms est créé en utilisant B<clone>(2), la liste de montages " +"de l’espace de noms de l’enfant est une copie de la liste de montages dans " +"l’espace de noms montage du processus parent ;" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"If the namespace is created using B<unshare>(2), the mount list of the new " +"namespace is a copy of the mount list in the caller's previous mount " +"namespace." +msgstr "" +"si l’espace de noms est créé en utilisant B<unshare>(2), la liste de " +"montages est une copie de la liste de montages dans l’espace de noms montage " +"précédent de l’appelant." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Subsequent modifications to the mount list (B<mount>(2) and B<umount>(2)) " +"in either mount namespace will not (by default) affect the mount list seen " +"in the other namespace (but see the following discussion of shared subtrees)." +msgstr "" +"Des modifications ultérieures de la liste de montages (B<mount>(2) et " +"B<umount>(2)) dans chaque espace de noms montage n’affecteront pas (par " +"défaut) la liste de montages vue dans l’autre espace de noms (mais voir les " +"explications ci-après sur les sous-arbres partagés)." + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "SHARED SUBTREES" +msgstr "SOUS-ARBRES PARTAGÉS" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"After the implementation of mount namespaces was completed, experience " +"showed that the isolation that they provided was, in some cases, too great. " +"For example, in order to make a newly loaded optical disk available in all " +"mount namespaces, a mount operation was required in each namespace. For " +"this use case, and others, the shared subtree feature was introduced in " +"Linux 2.6.15. This feature allows for automatic, controlled propagation of " +"B<mount>(2) and B<umount>(2) I<events> between namespaces (or, more " +"precisely, between the mounts that are members of a I<peer group> that are " +"propagating events to one another)." +msgstr "" +"Une fois l’implémentation des espaces de noms montage terminée, l’expérience " +"a montré que, dans certains cas, l’isolation qu’ils fournissaient était trop " +"importante. Par exemple, pour rendre un nouveau disque optique nouvellement " +"chargé disponible dans tous les espaces de noms montage, une opération de " +"montage était requise pour chaque espace de noms. Pour un tel cas " +"d’utilisation, et quelques autres, la fonctionnalité sous-arbre partagé a " +"été introduite dans Linux 2.6.15. Cette fonctionnalité permet une " +"propagation automatique et contrôlée des I<évènements> B<mount>(2) et " +"B<umount>(2) entre espaces de noms (ou, plus précisément, entre les montages " +"qui sont membres d’un I<groupe de pairs> qui propagent les évènements des " +"uns aux autres)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Each mount is marked (via B<mount>(2)) as having one of the following " +"I<propagation types>:" +msgstr "" +"Chaque montage est marqué (à l’aide de B<mount>(2)) comme ayant un des " +"I<types de propagation> suivants :" + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<MS_SHARED>" +msgstr "B<MS_SHARED>" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"This mount shares events with members of a peer group. B<mount>(2) and " +"B<umount>(2) events immediately under this mount will propagate to the " +"other mounts that are members of the peer group. I<Propagation> here means " +"that the same B<mount>(2) or B<umount>(2) will automatically occur under " +"all of the other mounts in the peer group. Conversely, B<mount>(2) and " +"B<umount>(2) events that take place under peer mounts will propagate to " +"this mount." +msgstr "" +"Ce montage partage les évènements avec les membres d’un groupe de pairs. Les " +"évènements B<mount>(2) et B<umount>(2) immédiatement sous ce montage se " +"propageront vers les autres montages qui sont membres du groupe de pairs. " +"I<Propagation> signifie ici que le même B<mount>(2) ou B<umount>(2) se " +"produira automatiquement sous tous les autres montages dans le groupe de " +"pairs. Inversement, les évènements B<mount>(2) et B<umount>(2) qui se " +"produiront sous des montages de pair se propageront vers ce montage." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<MS_PRIVATE>" +msgstr "B<MS_PRIVATE>" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"This mount is private; it does not have a peer group. B<mount>(2) and " +"B<umount>(2) events do not propagate into or out of this mount." +msgstr "" +"Ce montage est privé, il ne possède pas de groupe de pairs. Les évènements " +"B<mount>(2) et B<umount>(2) ne se propageront pas vers ou hors de ce montage." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<MS_SLAVE>" +msgstr "B<MS_SLAVE>" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"B<mount>(2) and B<umount>(2) events propagate into this mount from a " +"(master) shared peer group. B<mount>(2) and B<umount>(2) events under " +"this mount do not propagate to any peer." +msgstr "" +"Les évènements B<mount>(2) et B<umount>(2) se propageront dans ce montage à " +"partir d’un groupe de pairs partagé (maître). Les évènements B<mount>(2) et " +"B<umount>(2) sous ce montage ne se propagent vers aucun pair." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Note that a mount can be the slave of another peer group while at the same " +"time sharing B<mount>(2) and B<umount>(2) events with a peer group of " +"which it is a member. (More precisely, one peer group can be the slave of " +"another peer group.)" +msgstr "" +"Il est à remarquer qu’un montage peut être l’esclave d’un autre groupe de " +"pairs tout en partageant en même temps des évènements B<mount>(2) et " +"B<umount>(2) avec un groupe de pairs dont il est membre (plus précisément, " +"un groupe de pairs peut être l’esclave d’un autre groupe de pairs)." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<MS_UNBINDABLE>" +msgstr "B<MS_UNBINDABLE>" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"This is like a private mount, and in addition this mount can't be bind " +"mounted. Attempts to bind mount this mount (B<mount>(2) with the " +"B<MS_BIND> flag) will fail." +msgstr "" +"Identique à un montage privé ; de plus, ce montage ne peut être monté lié " +"(montage bind). Les essais de monter lié ce montage (B<mount>(2) avec " +"l’attribut B<MS_BIND>) échoueront." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"When a recursive bind mount (B<mount>(2) with the B<MS_BIND> and B<MS_REC> " +"flags) is performed on a directory subtree, any bind mounts within the " +"subtree are automatically pruned (i.e., not replicated) when replicating " +"that subtree to produce the target subtree." +msgstr "" +"Quand un montage bind récursif (B<mount>(2) avec les attributs B<MS_BIND> et " +"B<MS_REC>) est réalisé dans un sous-arbre de répertoire, tout montage bind " +"dans le sous-arbre est automatiquement élagué (c’est-à-dire, pas répliqué) " +"lors de la réplication de ce sous-arbre pour produire le sous-arbre cible." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"For a discussion of the propagation type assigned to a new mount, see NOTES." +msgstr "" +"Pour des explications sur le type de propagation assigné à un nouveau " +"montage, consulter la section NOTES." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The propagation type is a per-mount-point setting; some mounts may be marked " +"as shared (with each shared mount being a member of a distinct peer group), " +"while others are private (or slaved or unbindable)." +msgstr "" +"Le type de propagation est un réglage spécifique à chaque point de montage. " +"Certains montages peuvent être marqués comme partagés (chaque montage " +"partagé étant un membre d’un groupe de pairs distinct) tandis que d’autres " +"sont privés (ou esclaves ou non liables)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Note that a mount's propagation type determines whether B<mount>(2) and " +"B<umount>(2) of mounts I<immediately under> the mount are propagated. " +"Thus, the propagation type does not affect propagation of events for " +"grandchildren and further removed descendant mounts. What happens if the " +"mount itself is unmounted is determined by the propagation type that is in " +"effect for the I<parent> of the mount." +msgstr "" +"Il est à noter que le type de propagation d’un montage détermine si les " +"B<mount>(2) et B<umount>(2) de montages I<immédiatement sous> le montage " +"sont propagées. Par conséquent, le type de propagation n’affecte pas la " +"propagation d’évènements pour les petits-enfants et les futurs montages de " +"descendants supprimés. Ce qui se passe si le montage lui-même est démonté " +"dépend du type de propagation en vigueur pour le I<parent> du montage." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Members are added to a I<peer group> when a mount is marked as shared and " +"either:" +msgstr "" +"Des membres sont ajoutés à un I<groupe de pairs> quand un montage est marqué " +"comme partagé et soit :" + +#. type: IP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "(a)" +msgstr "(a)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"the mount is replicated during the creation of a new mount namespace; or" +msgstr "" +"le montage est répliqué pendant la création d’un nouvel espace de noms " +"montage ;" + +#. type: IP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "(b)" +msgstr "(b)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "a new bind mount is created from the mount." +msgstr "un nouveau montage bind est créé à partir du montage." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"In both of these cases, the new mount joins the peer group of which the " +"existing mount is a member." +msgstr "" +"Dans les deux cas, le nouveau montage rejoint le groupe de pairs dont le " +"montage existant est membre." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A new peer group is also created when a child mount is created under an " +"existing mount that is marked as shared. In this case, the new child mount " +"is also marked as shared and the resulting peer group consists of all the " +"mounts that are replicated under the peers of parent mounts." +msgstr "" +"Un nouveau groupe de pairs est aussi créé quand un montage enfant est créé " +"sous un montage existant marqué comme partagé. Dans ce cas, le nouveau " +"montage enfant est aussi marqué comme partagé et le nouveau groupe de pairs " +"résultant est constitué de tous les montages qui sont répliqués sous les " +"pairs des montages parents." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A mount ceases to be a member of a peer group when either the mount is " +"explicitly unmounted, or when the mount is implicitly unmounted because a " +"mount namespace is removed (because it has no more member processes)." +msgstr "" +"Un montage cesse d’être membre d’un groupe de pairs quand le montage est " +"explicitement démonté ou quand le montage est implicitement démonté parce " +"qu’un espace de noms montage est supprimé (parce qu’il n’a plus de processus " +"membre)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The propagation type of the mounts in a mount namespace can be discovered " +"via the \"optional fields\" exposed in I</proc/>pidI</mountinfo>. (See " +"B<proc>(5) for details of this file.) The following tags can appear in the " +"optional fields for a record in that file:" +msgstr "" +"Le type de propagation des montages dans l’espace de noms montage peut être " +"obtenu à l’aide des « champs facultatifs » exposés dans I</proc/>pidI</" +"mountinfo> (consulter B<proc>(5) pour plus de détails sur ce fichier). Les " +"étiquettes suivantes peuvent apparaitre dans ces champs facultatifs pour un " +"enregistrement de ce fichier :" + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "I<shared:X>" +msgstr "I<shared:X>" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"This mount is shared in peer group I<X>. Each peer group has a unique ID " +"that is automatically generated by the kernel, and all mounts in the same " +"peer group will show the same ID. (These IDs are assigned starting from the " +"value 1, and may be recycled when a peer group ceases to have any members.)" +msgstr "" +"Ce montage est partagé dans le groupe de pairs I<X>. Chaque groupe de pairs " +"a un ID unique qui est automatiquement géré par le noyau, et tous les " +"montages dans le même groupe de pairs afficheront le même ID (ces ID sont " +"assignés en partant de la valeur 1 et peuvent être recyclés quand un groupe " +"de pairs n’a plus aucun membre)." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "I<master:X>" +msgstr "I<master:X>" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "This mount is a slave to shared peer group I<X>." +msgstr "Ce montage est un esclave du groupe de pairs I<X> partagé." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "I<propagate_from:X> (since Linux 2.6.26)" +msgstr "I<propagate_from:X> (depuis Linux 2.6.26)" + +#. commit 97e7e0f71d6d948c25f11f0a33878d9356d9579e +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"This mount is a slave and receives propagation from shared peer group I<X>. " +"This tag will always appear in conjunction with a I<master:X> tag. Here, " +"I<X> is the closest dominant peer group under the process's root directory. " +"If I<X> is the immediate master of the mount, or if there is no dominant " +"peer group under the same root, then only the I<master:X> field is present " +"and not the I<propagate_from:X> field. For further details, see below." +msgstr "" +"Ce montage est un esclave et reçoit des propagations du groupe de pairs I<X> " +"partagé. Cette étiquette apparaitra toujours en conjonction avec l’étiquette " +"I<master:X>. Ici, I<X> est le plus proche groupe de pairs dominant sous le " +"répertoire racine du processus. Si I<X> est le maitre immédiat du montage ou " +"s’il n’existe aucun groupe de pairs dominant sous la même racine, seul le " +"champ I<master:X> est présent, alors que le champ I<propagate_from:X> est " +"absent. Pour plus de détails, voir ci-après." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "I<unbindable>" +msgstr "I<unbindable>" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "This is an unbindable mount." +msgstr "Ce montage ne peut être lié (bind)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "If none of the above tags is present, then this is a private mount." +msgstr "" +"Si aucune de ces étiquettes n’est présente, alors c’est un montage privé." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "MS_SHARED and MS_PRIVATE example" +msgstr "Exemples pour MS_SHARED et MS_PRIVATE" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Suppose that on a terminal in the initial mount namespace, we mark one mount " +"as shared and another as private, and then view the mounts in I</proc/self/" +"mountinfo>:" +msgstr "" +"En supposant que dans un terminal dans l’espace de noms montage initial, un " +"montage soit marqué comme partagé (mntS) et un autre privé (mntP), et en " +"affichant les montages dans I</proc/self/mountinfo> :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"sh1# B<mount --make-shared /mntS>\n" +"sh1# B<mount --make-private /mntP>\n" +"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"77 61 8:17 / /mntS rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"83 61 8:15 / /mntP rw,relatime\n" +msgstr "" +"sh1# B<mount --make-shared /mntS>\n" +"sh1# B<mount --make-private /mntP>\n" +"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"77 61 8:17 / /mntS rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"83 61 8:15 / /mntP rw,relatime\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"From the I</proc/self/mountinfo> output, we see that I</mntS> is a shared " +"mount in peer group 1, and that I</mntP> has no optional tags, indicating " +"that it is a private mount. The first two fields in each record in this " +"file are the unique ID for this mount, and the mount ID of the parent " +"mount. We can further inspect this file to see that the parent mount of I</" +"mntS> and I</mntP> is the root directory, I</>, which is mounted as private:" +msgstr "" +"Dans la sortie I</proc/self/mountinfo>, on voit que I</mntS> est un montage " +"partagé dans le groupe de pairs 1 et que I</mntP> n’a pas d’étiquette " +"facultative, indiquant que c’est un montage privé. Les deux premiers champs " +"de chaque enregistrement dans ce fichier sont l’ID unique pour ce montage et " +"l’ID de montage du montage parent. Ce fichier peut être inspecté " +"ultérieurement pour vérifier que le montage parent de I</mntS> et I</mntP> " +"est le répertoire racine I</>, qui est monté comme privé :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | awk \\[aq]$1 == 61\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"61 0 8:2 / / rw,relatime\n" +msgstr "" +"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | awk \\[aq]$1 == 61\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"61 0 8:2 / / rw,relatime\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"On a second terminal, we create a new mount namespace where we run a second " +"shell and inspect the mounts:" +msgstr "" +"Dans un second terminal, créons un nouvel espace de noms montage où un " +"deuxième interpréteur est exécuté et inspectons les montages :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"$ B<PS1=\\[aq]sh2# \\[aq] sudo unshare -m --propagation unchanged sh>\n" +"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"222 145 8:17 / /mntS rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"225 145 8:15 / /mntP rw,relatime\n" +msgstr "" +"$ B<PS1=\\[aq]sh2# \\[aq] sudo unshare -m --propagation unchanged sh>\n" +"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"222 145 8:17 / /mntS rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"225 145 8:15 / /mntP rw,relatime\n" + +#. Since util-linux 2.27 +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The new mount namespace received a copy of the initial mount namespace's " +"mounts. These new mounts maintain the same propagation types, but have " +"unique mount IDs. (The I<--propagation\\~unchanged> option prevents " +"B<unshare>(1) from marking all mounts as private when creating a new mount " +"namespace, which it does by default.)" +msgstr "" +"Le nouvel espace de noms montage reçoit une copie des montages initiaux " +"d’espace de noms montage. Ces nouveaux montages conservent les mêmes types " +"de propagation, mais ont des ID uniques de montage (l’option I<--" +"propagation\\~unchanged> empêche B<unshare>(1) de marquer tous les montages " +"comme privés lors de la création d’un nouvel espace de noms montage, ce qui " +"est réalisé par défaut)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"In the second terminal, we then create submounts under each of I</mntS> and " +"I</mntP> and inspect the set-up:" +msgstr "" +"Dans le second terminal, créons alors des sous-montages sous chacun des I</" +"mntS> et I</mntP> et inspectons la configuration :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"sh2# B<mkdir /mntS/a>\n" +"sh2# B<mount /dev/sdb6 /mntS/a>\n" +"sh2# B<mkdir /mntP/b>\n" +"sh2# B<mount /dev/sdb7 /mntP/b>\n" +"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"222 145 8:17 / /mntS rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"225 145 8:15 / /mntP rw,relatime\n" +"178 222 8:22 / /mntS/a rw,relatime shared:2\n" +"230 225 8:23 / /mntP/b rw,relatime\n" +msgstr "" +"sh2# B<mkdir /mntS/a>\n" +"sh2# B<mount /dev/sdb6 /mntS/a>\n" +"sh2# B<mkdir /mntP/b>\n" +"sh2# B<mount /dev/sdb7 /mntP/b>\n" +"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"222 145 8:17 / /mntS rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"225 145 8:15 / /mntP rw,relatime\n" +"178 222 8:22 / /mntS/a rw,relatime shared:2\n" +"230 225 8:23 / /mntP/b rw,relatime\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"From the above, it can be seen that I</mntS/a> was created as shared " +"(inheriting this setting from its parent mount) and I</mntP/b> was created " +"as a private mount." +msgstr "" +"Dans ce qui précède, on peut voir que I</mntS/a> a été créé comme partagé " +"(héritant ce réglage de son montage parent) et que I</mntP/b> a été créé " +"comme montage privé." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Returning to the first terminal and inspecting the set-up, we see that the " +"new mount created under the shared mount I</mntS> propagated to its peer " +"mount (in the initial mount namespace), but the new mount created under the " +"private mount I</mntP> did not propagate:" +msgstr "" +"En retournant dans le premier terminal et en inspectant la configuration, on " +"peut voir que le nouveau montage créé sous le montage partagé I</mntS> s’est " +"propagé vers son montage pair (dans l’espace de noms montage initial), mais " +"que le nouveau montage créé sous le montage privé I</mntP> ne s’est pas " +"propagé :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"77 61 8:17 / /mntS rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"83 61 8:15 / /mntP rw,relatime\n" +"179 77 8:22 / /mntS/a rw,relatime shared:2\n" +msgstr "" +"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"77 61 8:17 / /mntS rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"83 61 8:15 / /mntP rw,relatime\n" +"179 77 8:22 / /mntS/a rw,relatime shared:2\n" + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "MS_SLAVE example" +msgstr "Exemples pour MS_SLAVE" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Making a mount a slave allows it to receive propagated B<mount>(2) and " +"B<umount>(2) events from a master shared peer group, while preventing it " +"from propagating events to that master. This is useful if we want to (say) " +"receive a mount event when an optical disk is mounted in the master shared " +"peer group (in another mount namespace), but want to prevent B<mount>(2) " +"and B<umount>(2) events under the slave mount from having side effects in " +"other namespaces." +msgstr "" +"Faire d’un montage un esclave lui permet de recevoir des évènements " +"B<mount>(2) et B<umount>(2) propagés à partir d’un groupe de pairs partagé " +"maitre, tout en l’empêchant de propager des évènements vers ce maitre. Cela " +"est utile, par exemple, si on veut recevoir un évènement de montage quand un " +"disque optique est monté dans un groupe de pairs partagé maitre (dans un " +"autre espace de noms montage), mais en voulant empêcher que des évènements " +"B<mount>(2) et B<umount>(2) dans le montage esclave n’aient des effets de " +"bord dans d’autres espaces de noms." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"We can demonstrate the effect of slaving by first marking two mounts as " +"shared in the initial mount namespace:" +msgstr "" +"L’effet de l’asservissement peut être démontré en d’abord marquant deux " +"montages comme partagés dans l’espace de noms montage initial :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"sh1# B<mount --make-shared /mntX>\n" +"sh1# B<mount --make-shared /mntY>\n" +"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"132 83 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"133 83 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime shared:2\n" +msgstr "" +"sh1# B<mount --make-shared /mntX>\n" +"sh1# B<mount --make-shared /mntY>\n" +"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"132 83 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"133 83 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime shared:2\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"On a second terminal, we create a new mount namespace and inspect the mounts:" +msgstr "" +"Dans un second terminal, créons un nouvel espace de noms montage et " +"inspectons les montages :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"sh2# B<unshare -m --propagation unchanged sh>\n" +"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"168 167 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"169 167 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime shared:2\n" +msgstr "" +"sh2# B<unshare -m --propagation unchanged sh>\n" +"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"168 167 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"169 167 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime shared:2\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "In the new mount namespace, we then mark one of the mounts as a slave:" +msgstr "" +"Dans le nouvel espace de noms montage marquons un des montages comme " +"esclave :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"sh2# B<mount --make-slave /mntY>\n" +"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"168 167 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"169 167 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime master:2\n" +msgstr "" +"sh2# B<mount --make-slave /mntY>\n" +"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"168 167 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"169 167 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime master:2\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"From the above output, we see that I</mntY> is now a slave mount that is " +"receiving propagation events from the shared peer group with the ID 2." +msgstr "" +"Dans la sortie ci-dessus, nous voyons que I</mntY> est désormais un montage " +"esclave qui reçoit les évènements de propagation du groupe de pairs partagé " +"avec l’ID 2." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Continuing in the new namespace, we create submounts under each of I</mntX> " +"and I</mntY>:" +msgstr "" +"En continuant dans le nouvel espace de noms, créons des sous-montages sous " +"chaque I</mntX> et I</mntY> :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"sh2# B<mkdir /mntX/a>\n" +"sh2# B<mount /dev/sda3 /mntX/a>\n" +"sh2# B<mkdir /mntY/b>\n" +"sh2# B<mount /dev/sda5 /mntY/b>\n" +msgstr "" +"sh2# B<mkdir /mntX/a>\n" +"sh2# B<mount /dev/sda3 /mntX/a>\n" +"sh2# B<mkdir /mntY/b>\n" +"sh2# B<mount /dev/sda5 /mntY/b>\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"When we inspect the state of the mounts in the new mount namespace, we see " +"that I</mntX/a> was created as a new shared mount (inheriting the \"shared\" " +"setting from its parent mount) and I</mntY/b> was created as a private mount:" +msgstr "" +"Si nous inspectons l’état des montages dans le nouvel espace de noms " +"montage, nous voyons que I</mntX/a> a été créé comme nouveau montage partagé " +"(héritant du réglage « partagé » de son montage parent) et que I</mntY/b> a " +"été créé comme montage privé :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"168 167 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"169 167 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime master:2\n" +"173 168 8:3 / /mntX/a rw,relatime shared:3\n" +"175 169 8:5 / /mntY/b rw,relatime\n" +msgstr "" +"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"168 167 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"169 167 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime master:2\n" +"173 168 8:3 / /mntX/a rw,relatime shared:3\n" +"175 169 8:5 / /mntY/b rw,relatime\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Returning to the first terminal (in the initial mount namespace), we see " +"that the mount I</mntX/a> propagated to the peer (the shared I</mntX>), but " +"the mount I</mntY/b> was not propagated:" +msgstr "" +"En retournant dans le premier terminal (dans l’espace de noms montage " +"initial) nous voyons que le montage I</mntX/a> s’est propagé au pair (le I</" +"mntX> partagé), mais que le montage I</mntY/b> ne s’est pas propagé :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"132 83 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"133 83 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime shared:2\n" +"174 132 8:3 / /mntX/a rw,relatime shared:3\n" +msgstr "" +"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"132 83 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"133 83 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime shared:2\n" +"174 132 8:3 / /mntX/a rw,relatime shared:3\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Now we create a new mount under I</mntY> in the first shell:" +msgstr "" +"Créons maintenant un nouveau montage sous I</mntY> dans le premier " +"interpréteur :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"sh1# B<mkdir /mntY/c>\n" +"sh1# B<mount /dev/sda1 /mntY/c>\n" +"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"132 83 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"133 83 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime shared:2\n" +"174 132 8:3 / /mntX/a rw,relatime shared:3\n" +"178 133 8:1 / /mntY/c rw,relatime shared:4\n" +msgstr "" +"sh1# B<mkdir /mntY/c>\n" +"sh1# B<mount /dev/sda1 /mntY/c>\n" +"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"132 83 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"133 83 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime shared:2\n" +"174 132 8:3 / /mntX/a rw,relatime shared:3\n" +"178 133 8:1 / /mntY/c rw,relatime shared:4\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"When we examine the mounts in the second mount namespace, we see that in " +"this case the new mount has been propagated to the slave mount, and that the " +"new mount is itself a slave mount (to peer group 4):" +msgstr "" +"Quand nous examinons les montages dans le second espace de noms montage, " +"nous voyons que dans ce cas le nouveau montage s’est propagé au montage " +"esclave et que le nouveau montage lui-même est un montage esclave (au groupe " +"de pairs 4) :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"168 167 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"169 167 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime master:2\n" +"173 168 8:3 / /mntX/a rw,relatime shared:3\n" +"175 169 8:5 / /mntY/b rw,relatime\n" +"179 169 8:1 / /mntY/c rw,relatime master:4\n" +msgstr "" +"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"168 167 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n" +"169 167 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime master:2\n" +"173 168 8:3 / /mntX/a rw,relatime shared:3\n" +"175 169 8:5 / /mntY/b rw,relatime\n" +"179 169 8:1 / /mntY/c rw,relatime master:4\n" + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "MS_UNBINDABLE example" +msgstr "Exemples pour MS_UNBINDABLE" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"One of the primary purposes of unbindable mounts is to avoid the \"mount " +"explosion\" problem when repeatedly performing bind mounts of a higher-level " +"subtree at a lower-level mount. The problem is illustrated by the following " +"shell session." +msgstr "" +"Une des premières utilités des montages non liables (non bind) est d’éviter " +"le problème « d’explosion de montages » lors de réalisation de manière " +"répétée de montages bind d’un sous-arbre de haut niveau dans un montage de " +"bas niveau. Le problème est illustré par la session d’interpréteur suivante :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Suppose we have a system with the following mounts:" +msgstr "En supposant l’existence d’un système avec les montages suivants :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n" +msgstr "" +"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Suppose furthermore that we wish to recursively bind mount the root " +"directory under several users' home directories. We do this for the first " +"user, and inspect the mounts:" +msgstr "" +"Supposons de plus que nous voulons de manière récursive monter lié (bind) le " +"répertoire racine sous plusieurs répertoires home d’utilisateurs. Faisons-le " +"pour le premier utilisateur et inspectons les montages :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# B<mount --rbind / /home/cecilia/>\n" +"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/cecilia\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/cecilia/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/cecilia/mntY\n" +msgstr "" +"# B<mount --rbind / /home/cecilia/>\n" +"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/cecilia\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/cecilia/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/cecilia/mntY\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"When we repeat this operation for the second user, we start to see the " +"explosion problem:" +msgstr "" +"Lorsque nous répétons cette opération pour le second utilisateur, le " +"problème de l’explosion commence à apparaitre :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# B<mount --rbind / /home/henry>\n" +"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/cecilia\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/cecilia/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/cecilia/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry/home/cecilia\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/home/cecilia/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/home/cecilia/mntY\n" +msgstr "" +"# B<mount --rbind / /home/henry>\n" +"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/cecilia\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/cecilia/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/cecilia/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry/home/cecilia\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/home/cecilia/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/home/cecilia/mntY\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Under I</home/henry>, we have not only recursively added the I</mntX> and I</" +"mntY> mounts, but also the recursive mounts of those directories under I</" +"home/cecilia> that were created in the previous step. Upon repeating the " +"step for a third user, it becomes obvious that the explosion is exponential " +"in nature:" +msgstr "" +"Sous I</home/henry>, nous n'avons pas seulement ajouté récursivement les " +"montages I</mntX> et I</mntY>, mais aussi les montages récursifs de ces " +"répertoires sous I</home/cecilia> qui ont été créés dans l’étape précédente. " +"Si nous répétons cela pour un troisième utilisateur, il devient évident que " +"l’explosion est de nature exponentielle :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# B<mount --rbind / /home/otto>\n" +"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/cecilia\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/cecilia/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/cecilia/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry/home/cecilia\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/home/cecilia/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/home/cecilia/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto/home/cecilia\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/home/cecilia/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/home/cecilia/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto/home/henry\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/home/henry/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/home/henry/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto/home/henry/home/cecilia\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/home/henry/home/cecilia/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/home/henry/home/cecilia/mntY\n" +msgstr "" +"# B<mount --rbind / /home/otto>\n" +"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/cecilia\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/cecilia/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/cecilia/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry/home/cecilia\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/home/cecilia/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/home/cecilia/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto/home/cecilia\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/home/cecilia/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/home/cecilia/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto/home/henry\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/home/henry/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/home/henry/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto/home/henry/home/cecilia\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/home/henry/home/cecilia/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/home/henry/home/cecilia/mntY\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The mount explosion problem in the above scenario can be avoided by making " +"each of the new mounts unbindable. The effect of doing this is that " +"recursive mounts of the root directory will not replicate the unbindable " +"mounts. We make such a mount for the first user:" +msgstr "" +"Le problème de l’explosion de montages dans le scénario précédent peut être " +"évité en rendant chaque nouveau montage non liable. Ainsi les montages " +"récursifs du répertoire racine ne répliqueront pas les montages non liables. " +"Un tel montage pour le premier utilisateur peut être effectué ainsi :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "# B<mount --rbind --make-unbindable / /home/cecilia>\n" +msgstr "# B<mount --rbind --make-unbindable / /home/cecilia>\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Before going further, we show that unbindable mounts are indeed unbindable:" +msgstr "" +"Avant d’aller plus loin, nous montrons que les montages non liables le sont " +"effectivement :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron +#: opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# B<mkdir /mntZ>\n" +"# B<mount --bind /home/cecilia /mntZ>\n" +"mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /home/cecilia,\n" +" missing codepage or helper program, or other error\n" +"\\&\n" +" In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try\n" +" dmesg | tail or so.\n" +msgstr "" +"# B<mkdir /mntZ>\n" +"# B<mount --bind /home/cecilia /mntZ>\n" +"mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /home/cecilia,\n" +" missing codepage or helper program, or other error\n" +"\\&\n" +" In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try\n" +" dmesg | tail or so.\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Now we create unbindable recursive bind mounts for the other two users:" +msgstr "" +"Maintenant nous créons des montages bind récursifs non liables pour les deux " +"autres utilisateurs :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# B<mount --rbind --make-unbindable / /home/henry>\n" +"# B<mount --rbind --make-unbindable / /home/otto>\n" +msgstr "" +"# B<mount --rbind --make-unbindable / /home/henry>\n" +"# B<mount --rbind --make-unbindable / /home/otto>\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Upon examining the list of mounts, we see there has been no explosion of " +"mounts, because the unbindable mounts were not replicated under each user's " +"directory:" +msgstr "" +"Un examen de la liste des montages permet de voir qu’il n’y a eu aucune " +"explosion des montages parce que les montages non liables n’ont pas été " +"répliqués sous chaque répertoire d’utilisateur :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/cecilia\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/cecilia/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/cecilia/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/mntY\n" +msgstr "" +"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/cecilia\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/cecilia/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/cecilia/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/mntY\n" +"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto\n" +"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/mntX\n" +"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/mntY\n" + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Propagation type transitions" +msgstr "Transitions de type de propagation" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The following table shows the effect that applying a new propagation type (i." +"e., I<mount\\~--make-xxxx>) has on the existing propagation type of a " +"mount. The rows correspond to existing propagation types, and the columns " +"are the new propagation settings. For reasons of space, \"private\" is " +"abbreviated as \"priv\" and \"unbindable\" as \"unbind\"." +msgstr "" +"La table suivante montre les effets que l’application d’un nouveau type de " +"propagation (c’est-à-dire I<mount\\~--make-xxxx>) a sur un type de " +"propagation existant d’un montage. Les lignes correspondent aux types de " +"programmation existants et les colonnes aux nouveaux réglages de " +"propagation. Pour des raisons d’espace, « private » est abrégé en « priv » " +"et « unbindable » en « unbind »." + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "make-shared" +msgstr "make-shared" + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "make-slave" +msgstr "make-slave" + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "make-priv" +msgstr "make-priv" + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "make-unbind" +msgstr "make-unbind" + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "_" +msgstr "_" + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "shared" +msgstr "shared" + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "slave/priv [1]" +msgstr "slave/priv [1]" + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "priv" +msgstr "priv" + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "unbind" +msgstr "unbind" + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "slave" +msgstr "slave" + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "slave+shared" +msgstr "slave+shared" + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "slave [2]" +msgstr "slave [2]" + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "private" +msgstr "private" + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "priv [2]" +msgstr "priv [2]" + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "unbindable" +msgstr "unbindable" + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "unbind [2]" +msgstr "unbind [2]" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Note the following details to the table:" +msgstr "Prenez note des détails suivants à propos de la table :" + +#. type: IP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "[1]" +msgstr "[1]" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"If a shared mount is the only mount in its peer group, making it a slave " +"automatically makes it private." +msgstr "" +"Si un montage partagé est l’unique montage dans son groupe de pairs, faire " +"de lui un esclave le rend automatiquement privé." + +#. type: IP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "[2]" +msgstr "[2]" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Slaving a nonshared mount has no effect on the mount." +msgstr "Rendre esclave un montage non partagé n’a aucun effet sur le montage." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Bind (MS_BIND) semantics" +msgstr "Sémantiques de Bind (MS_BIND)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Suppose that the following command is performed:" +msgstr "Supposons que la commande suivante soit exécutée :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "mount --bind A/a B/b\n" +msgstr "mount --bind A/a B/b\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Here, I<A> is the source mount, I<B> is the destination mount, I<a> is a " +"subdirectory path under the mount point I<A>, and I<b> is a subdirectory " +"path under the mount point I<B>. The propagation type of the resulting " +"mount, I<B/b>, depends on the propagation types of the mounts I<A> and I<B>, " +"and is summarized in the following table." +msgstr "" +"Ici, I<A> est le montage source, I<B> est le montage de destination, I<a> " +"est un chemin de sous-répertoire sous le point de montage I<A> et I<b> est " +"un chemin de sous-répertoire sous le point de montage I<B>. Le type de " +"propagation du montage résultant, I<B/b>, dépend des types de propagation " +"des montages I<A> et I<B>, et cela est résumé dans la table suivante." + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "source(A)" +msgstr "source(A)" + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "dest(B)" +msgstr "dest(B)" + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "invalid" +msgstr "non valable" + +#. type: tbl table +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "nonshared" +msgstr "non partagé" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Note that a recursive bind of a subtree follows the same semantics as for a " +"bind operation on each mount in the subtree. (Unbindable mounts are " +"automatically pruned at the target mount point.)" +msgstr "" +"Remarquez qu’un bind récursif d’un sous-arbre suit les mêmes sémantiques que " +"pour une opération bind sur chaque montage dans le sous-arbre (les montages " +"non liables sont automatiquement élagués à la cible du montage cible)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"For further details, see I<Documentation/filesystems/sharedsubtree.rst> in " +"the kernel source tree." +msgstr "" +"Pour de plus amples explications, consulter I<Documentation/filesystems/" +"sharedsubtree.rst> dans l’arbre des sources du noyau." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Move (MS_MOVE) semantics" +msgstr "Sémantiques de Move (MS_MOVE)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "mount --move A B/b\n" +msgstr "mount --move A B/b\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Here, I<A> is the source mount, I<B> is the destination mount, and I<b> is a " +"subdirectory path under the mount point I<B>. The propagation type of the " +"resulting mount, I<B/b>, depends on the propagation types of the mounts I<A> " +"and I<B>, and is summarized in the following table." +msgstr "" +"Ici, I<A> est le montage source, I<B> est le montage de destination et I<b> " +"est un chemin de sous-répertoire sous le point de montage I<B>. Le type de " +"propagation du montage résultant, I<B/b>, dépend des types de propagation " +"des montages I<A> et I<B>, et cela est résumé dans la table suivante." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Note: moving a mount that resides under a shared mount is invalid." +msgstr "" +"Remarque : déplacer un montage qui réside sous un montage partagé n’est pas " +"autorisé." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Mount semantics" +msgstr "Sémantiques de montage" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Suppose that we use the following command to create a mount:" +msgstr "" +"Supposons que la commande suivante soit utilisée pour créer un montage :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "mount device B/b\n" +msgstr "mount device B/b\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Here, I<B> is the destination mount, and I<b> is a subdirectory path under " +"the mount point I<B>. The propagation type of the resulting mount, I<B/b>, " +"follows the same rules as for a bind mount, where the propagation type of " +"the source mount is considered always to be private." +msgstr "" +"Ici, I<B> est le montage de destination et I<b> est un chemin de sous-" +"répertoire sous le point de montage I<B>. Le type de propagation du montage " +"résultant, I<B/b>, suit les mêmes règles que pour un montage bind où le type " +"de propagation du montage source est toujours considéré comme privé." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Unmount semantics" +msgstr "Sémantiques de démontage" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Suppose that we use the following command to tear down a mount:" +msgstr "" +"Supposons que la commande suivante soit utilisée pour défaire un montage :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "umount A\n" +msgstr "umount A\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Here, I<A> is a mount on I<B/b>, where I<B> is the parent mount and I<b> is " +"a subdirectory path under the mount point I<B>. If B<B> is shared, then all " +"most-recently-mounted mounts at I<b> on mounts that receive propagation from " +"mount I<B> and do not have submounts under them are unmounted." +msgstr "" +"Ici, I<A> est un montage dans I<B/b>, où I<B> est le montage parent et I<b> " +"est un chemin de sous-répertoire sous le point de montage I<B>. Si B<B> est " +"partagé, alors tous les montages les plus récemment montés dans I<b> sur des " +"montages qui reçoivent la propagation du montage I<B> et qui n’ont pas de " +"sous-montages sous eux sont démontés." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "The /proc/ pid /mountinfo propagate_from tag" +msgstr "L’étiquette /proc/ pid /mountinfo propagate_from" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The I<propagate_from:X> tag is shown in the optional fields of a I</proc/" +">pidI</mountinfo> record in cases where a process can't see a slave's " +"immediate master (i.e., the pathname of the master is not reachable from the " +"filesystem root directory) and so cannot determine the chain of propagation " +"between the mounts it can see." +msgstr "" +"L’étiquette I<propagate_from:X> est affichée dans les champs facultatifs " +"d’un enregistrement I</proc/>pidI</mountinfo> dans le cas où un processus ne " +"peut voir un maitre immédiat d’esclave (c’est-à-dire, le chemin du maitre " +"n’est pas accessible à partir du répertoire racine du système de fichiers) " +"et ainsi ne peut pas déterminer la chaine de propagation entre les montages " +"qu’il peut voir." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"In the following example, we first create a two-link master-slave chain " +"between the mounts I</mnt>, I</tmp/etc>, and I</mnt/tmp/etc>. Then the " +"B<chroot>(1) command is used to make the I</tmp/etc> mount point " +"unreachable from the root directory, creating a situation where the master " +"of I</mnt/tmp/etc> is not reachable from the (new) root directory of the " +"process." +msgstr "" +"Dans l’exemple suivant, créons d’abord une chaine maitre-esclave à deux " +"liens entre les montages I</mnt>, I</tmp/etc> et I</mnt/tmp/etc>. Ensuite la " +"commande B<chroot>(1) est utilisée pour rendre le point de montage I</tmp/" +"etc> inaccessible à partir du répertoire racine, créant une situation où le " +"maitre de I</mnt/tmp/etc> n’est pas accessible à partir du (nouveau) " +"répertoire racine du processus." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"First, we bind mount the root directory onto I</mnt> and then bind mount I</" +"proc> at I</mnt/proc> so that after the later B<chroot>(1) the B<proc>(5) " +"filesystem remains visible at the correct location in the chroot-ed " +"environment." +msgstr "" +"D’abord mous montons lié (bind) le répertoire racine sur I</mnt>, puis nous " +"montons lié I</proc> sous I</mnt/proc> de telle façon qu’après le " +"B<chroot>(1) ultérieur, le système de fichiers B<proc>(5) demeure visible " +"dans l’emplacement correct de l’environnement chrooté." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# B<mkdir -p /mnt/proc>\n" +"# B<mount --bind / /mnt>\n" +"# B<mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc>\n" +msgstr "" +"# B<mkdir -p /mnt/proc>\n" +"# B<mount --bind / /mnt>\n" +"# B<mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc>\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Next, we ensure that the I</mnt> mount is a shared mount in a new peer group " +"(with no peers):" +msgstr "" +"Ensuite, nous nous assurons que le montage I</mnt> est un montage partagé " +"dans un nouveau groupe de pairs (sans aucun pair) :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# B<mount --make-private /mnt> # Isolate from any previous peer group\n" +"# B<mount --make-shared /mnt>\n" +"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"239 61 8:2 / /mnt ... shared:102\n" +"248 239 0:4 / /mnt/proc ... shared:5\n" +msgstr "" +"# B<mount --make-private /mnt> # Isolation de n’importe quel groupe de pairs précédent\n" +"# B<mount --make-shared /mnt>\n" +"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"239 61 8:2 / /mnt ... shared:102\n" +"248 239 0:4 / /mnt/proc ... shared:5\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Next, we bind mount I</mnt/etc> onto I</tmp/etc>:" +msgstr "Ensuite, nous montons lié I</mnt/etc> sur I</tmp/etc> :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# B<mkdir -p /tmp/etc>\n" +"# B<mount --bind /mnt/etc /tmp/etc>\n" +"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | egrep \\[aq]/mnt|/tmp/\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"239 61 8:2 / /mnt ... shared:102\n" +"248 239 0:4 / /mnt/proc ... shared:5\n" +"267 40 8:2 /etc /tmp/etc ... shared:102\n" +msgstr "" +"# B<mkdir -p /tmp/etc>\n" +"# B<mount --bind /mnt/etc /tmp/etc>\n" +"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | egrep \\[aq]/mnt|/tmp/\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"239 61 8:2 / /mnt ... shared:102\n" +"248 239 0:4 / /mnt/proc ... shared:5\n" +"267 40 8:2 /etc /tmp/etc ... shared:102\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Initially, these two mounts are in the same peer group, but we then make the " +"I</tmp/etc> a slave of I</mnt/etc>, and then make I</tmp/etc> shared as " +"well, so that it can propagate events to the next slave in the chain:" +msgstr "" +"Initialement, ces deux montages sont dans le même groupe de pairs, mais nous " +"rendons I</tmp/etc> esclave de I</mnt/etc> et nous rendons aussi I</tmp/etc> " +"partagé, de telle façon qu’il puisse propager les évènements au prochain " +"esclave dans la chaine :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# B<mount --make-slave /tmp/etc>\n" +"# B<mount --make-shared /tmp/etc>\n" +"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | egrep \\[aq]/mnt|/tmp/\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"239 61 8:2 / /mnt ... shared:102\n" +"248 239 0:4 / /mnt/proc ... shared:5\n" +"267 40 8:2 /etc /tmp/etc ... shared:105 master:102\n" +msgstr "" +"# B<mount --make-slave /tmp/etc>\n" +"# B<mount --make-shared /tmp/etc>\n" +"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | egrep \\[aq]/mnt|/tmp/\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"239 61 8:2 / /mnt ... shared:102\n" +"248 239 0:4 / /mnt/proc ... shared:5\n" +"267 40 8:2 /etc /tmp/etc ... shared:105 master:102\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Then we bind mount I</tmp/etc> onto I</mnt/tmp/etc>. Again, the two mounts " +"are initially in the same peer group, but we then make I</mnt/tmp/etc> a " +"slave of I</tmp/etc>:" +msgstr "" +"Ensuite nous montons lié I</tmp/etc> sur I</mnt/tmp/etc>. De nouveau, les " +"deux montages sont initialement dans le même groupe de pairs, mais nous " +"faisons alors de I</mnt/tmp/etc> un esclave de I</tmp/etc> :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# B<mkdir -p /mnt/tmp/etc>\n" +"# B<mount --bind /tmp/etc /mnt/tmp/etc>\n" +"# B<mount --make-slave /mnt/tmp/etc>\n" +"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | egrep \\[aq]/mnt|/tmp/\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"239 61 8:2 / /mnt ... shared:102\n" +"248 239 0:4 / /mnt/proc ... shared:5\n" +"267 40 8:2 /etc /tmp/etc ... shared:105 master:102\n" +"273 239 8:2 /etc /mnt/tmp/etc ... master:105\n" +msgstr "" +"# B<mkdir -p /mnt/tmp/etc>\n" +"# B<mount --bind /tmp/etc /mnt/tmp/etc>\n" +"# B<mount --make-slave /mnt/tmp/etc>\n" +"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | egrep \\[aq]/mnt|/tmp/\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"239 61 8:2 / /mnt ... shared:102\n" +"248 239 0:4 / /mnt/proc ... shared:5\n" +"267 40 8:2 /etc /tmp/etc ... shared:105 master:102\n" +"273 239 8:2 /etc /mnt/tmp/etc ... master:105\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"From the above, we see that I</mnt> is the master of the slave I</tmp/etc>, " +"which in turn is the master of the slave I</mnt/tmp/etc>." +msgstr "" +"De ce qui précède, nous voyons que I</mnt> est le maitre de l’esclave I</tmp/" +"etc>, qui à son tour est le maitre de l’esclave I</mnt/tmp/etc>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"We then B<chroot>(1) to the I</mnt> directory, which renders the mount with " +"ID 267 unreachable from the (new) root directory:" +msgstr "" +"Puis nous effectuons un B<chroot>(1) sur le répertoire I</mnt>, ce qui rend " +"le montage avec l’ID 267 inaccessible à partir du (nouveau) répertoire " +"racine :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "# B<chroot /mnt>\n" +msgstr "# B<chroot /mnt>\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"When we examine the state of the mounts inside the chroot-ed environment, we " +"see the following:" +msgstr "" +"Lorsque nous examinons l’état des montages à l’intérieur de l’environnement " +"chrooté, nous voyons ce qui suit :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"239 61 8:2 / / ... shared:102\n" +"248 239 0:4 / /proc ... shared:5\n" +"273 239 8:2 /etc /tmp/etc ... master:105 propagate_from:102\n" +msgstr "" +"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"239 61 8:2 / / ... shared:102\n" +"248 239 0:4 / /proc ... shared:5\n" +"273 239 8:2 /etc /tmp/etc ... master:105 propagate_from:102\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Above, we see that the mount with ID 273 is a slave whose master is the peer " +"group 105. The mount point for that master is unreachable, and so a " +"I<propagate_from> tag is displayed, indicating that the closest dominant " +"peer group (i.e., the nearest reachable mount in the slave chain) is the " +"peer group with the ID 102 (corresponding to the I</mnt> mount point before " +"the B<chroot>(1) was performed)." +msgstr "" +"Ci-dessus, nous voyons que le montage avec l’ID 273 est un esclave dont le " +"maitre est le groupe de pairs 105. Le point de montage pour ce maitre est " +"inaccessible, et donc, une étiquette I<propagate_from> est affichée, " +"indiquant que le groupe de pairs dominant le plus proche (c’est-à-dire le " +"montage accessible le plus proche dans la chaine esclave) est le groupe de " +"pairs avec l’ID 102 (correspondant au point de montage I</mnt> avant que le " +"B<chroot>(1) soit réalisé)." + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "STANDARDS" +msgstr "STANDARDS" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron +#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Linux." +msgstr "Linux." + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron +#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "HISTORY" +msgstr "HISTORIQUE" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron +#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Linux 2.4.19." +msgstr "Linux 2.4.19." + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "NOTES" +msgstr "NOTES" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The propagation type assigned to a new mount depends on the propagation type " +"of the parent mount. If the mount has a parent (i.e., it is a non-root " +"mount point) and the propagation type of the parent is B<MS_SHARED>, then " +"the propagation type of the new mount is also B<MS_SHARED>. Otherwise, the " +"propagation type of the new mount is B<MS_PRIVATE>." +msgstr "" +"Le type de propagation assigné à un nouveau montage dépend du type de " +"propagation du montage parent. Si le montage a un parent (c’est-à-dire que " +"ce n’est pas un point de montage racine) et si le type de propagation du " +"parent est B<MS_SHARED>, alors le type de propagation du nouveau montage est " +"aussi B<MS_SHARED>. Sinon, le type de propagation du nouveau montage est " +"B<MS_PRIVATE>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Notwithstanding the fact that the default propagation type for new mount is " +"in many cases B<MS_PRIVATE>, B<MS_SHARED> is typically more useful. For " +"this reason, B<systemd>(1) automatically remounts all mounts as " +"B<MS_SHARED> on system startup. Thus, on most modern systems, the default " +"propagation type is in practice B<MS_SHARED>." +msgstr "" +"Malgré le fait que le type de propagation par défaut pour le nouveau montage " +"soit dans de nombreux cas B<MS_PRIVATE>, B<MS_SHARED> est en général plus " +"utile. Pour cette raison, B<systemd>(1) remonte automatiquement tous les " +"montages en B<MS_SHARED> au démarrage du système. Par conséquent, sur la " +"plupart des systèmes modernes, le type de propagation par défaut est en " +"pratique B<MS_SHARED>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron +#: opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Since, when one uses B<unshare>(1) to create a mount namespace, the goal is " +"commonly to provide full isolation of the mounts in the new namespace, " +"B<unshare>(1) (since I<util-linux> 2.27) in turn reverses the step " +"performed by B<systemd>(1), by making all mounts private in the new " +"namespace. That is, B<unshare>(1) performs the equivalent of the following " +"in the new mount namespace:" +msgstr "" +"Puisque lorsqu'on utilise B<unshare>(1) pour créer un espace de noms " +"montage, le but est couramment de fournir une isolation totale des montages " +"dans le nouvel espace de noms, B<unshare>(1) (depuis I<util-linux> 2.27) à " +"son tour inverse l’étape réalisée par B<systemd>(1), en rendant tous les " +"montages privés dans le nouvel espace de noms. C’est-à-dire que " +"B<unshare>(1) réalise l’équivalent de ce qui suit dans le nouvel espace de " +"noms montage :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "mount --make-rprivate /\n" +msgstr "mount --make-rprivate /\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"To prevent this, one can use the I<--propagation\\~unchanged> option to " +"B<unshare>(1)." +msgstr "" +"Pour empêcher cela, on peut utiliser l’option I<--propagation\\~unchanged> " +"de B<unshare>(1)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"An application that creates a new mount namespace directly using " +"B<clone>(2) or B<unshare>(2) may desire to prevent propagation of mount " +"events to other mount namespaces (as is done by B<unshare>(1)). This can be " +"done by changing the propagation type of mounts in the new namespace to " +"either B<MS_SLAVE> or B<MS_PRIVATE>, using a call such as the following:" +msgstr "" +"Une application qui crée un nouvel espace de noms montage directement en " +"utilisant B<clone>(2) ou B<unshare>(2) peut vouloir empêcher la propagation " +"d’évènements de montage aux autres espaces de noms montage (comme cela est " +"réalisé par B<unshare>(1)). Cela peut être effectué en changeant le type de " +"propagation de montages dans le nouvel espace de noms à B<MS_SLAVE> ou " +"B<MS_PRIVATE>, en utilisant l'appel suivant :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "mount(NULL, \"/\", MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL);\n" +msgstr "mount(NULL, \"/\", MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL);\n" + +# +#. ============================================================ +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"For a discussion of propagation types when moving mounts (B<MS_MOVE>) and " +"creating bind mounts (B<MS_BIND>), see I<Documentation/filesystems/" +"sharedsubtree.rst>." +msgstr "" +"Pour des explications sur les types de propagation lors de déplacements de " +"montages (B<MS_MOVE>) et de créations de montages liés (B<MS_BIND>), " +"consulter I<Documentation/filesystems/sharedsubtree.rst>." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Restrictions on mount namespaces" +msgstr "Restrictions sur les espaces de noms montage" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Note the following points with respect to mount namespaces:" +msgstr "" +"Prenez note des points suivants concernant les espaces de noms montage :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Each mount namespace has an owner user namespace. As explained above, when " +"a new mount namespace is created, its mount list is initialized as a copy of " +"the mount list of another mount namespace. If the new namespace and the " +"namespace from which the mount list was copied are owned by different user " +"namespaces, then the new mount namespace is considered I<less privileged>." +msgstr "" +"Chaque espace de noms montage a un espace de noms utilisateur propriétaire. " +"Comme expliqué ci-dessus, quand un nouvel espace de noms montage est créé, " +"sa liste de montages est initialisée comme copie de la liste de montages " +"d’un autre espace de noms montage. Si le nouvel espace de noms et l’espace " +"de noms depuis lequel la liste de montages a été copiée sont possédés par " +"des espaces de noms utilisateur différents, alors le nouvel espace de noms " +"montage est considéré comme I<moins privilégié>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"When creating a less privileged mount namespace, shared mounts are reduced " +"to slave mounts. This ensures that mappings performed in less privileged " +"mount namespaces will not propagate to more privileged mount namespaces." +msgstr "" +"Lors de la création d’un espace de noms moins privilégié, les montages " +"partagés sont réduits à des montages esclaves. Cela permet de s'assurer que " +"les mappages réalisés dans des espaces de noms moins privilégiés ne se " +"propageront pas vers des espaces de noms montage plus privilégiés." + +#. type: IP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "[3]" +msgstr "[3]" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Mounts that come as a single unit from a more privileged mount namespace are " +"locked together and may not be separated in a less privileged mount " +"namespace. (The B<unshare>(2) B<CLONE_NEWNS> operation brings across all " +"of the mounts from the original mount namespace as a single unit, and " +"recursive mounts that propagate between mount namespaces propagate as a " +"single unit.)" +msgstr "" +"Les montages qui viennent sous forme d’unité unique d’un espace de noms " +"montage plus privilégié sont verrouillés ensemble et ne peuvent pas être " +"séparés dans un espace de noms montage moins privilégié. L’opération " +"B<CLONE_NEWNS> de B<unshare>(2) circule à travers tous les montages de " +"l’espace de noms montage originel comme unité unique, et les montages " +"récursifs se propageant entre les espaces de noms montage se propagent comme " +"unité unique." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"In this context, \"may not be separated\" means that the mounts are locked " +"so that they may not be individually unmounted. Consider the following " +"example:" +msgstr "" +"Dans ce contexte, « ne peuvent pas être séparés » signifie que les montages " +"sont verrouillés de telle façon qu’ils ne puissent être démontés " +"individuellement. En considérant l’exemple suivant :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"$ B<sudo sh>\n" +"# B<mount --bind /dev/null /etc/shadow>\n" +"# B<cat /etc/shadow> # Produces no output\n" +msgstr "" +"$ B<sudo sh>\n" +"# B<mount --bind /dev/null /etc/shadow>\n" +"# B<cat /etc/shadow> # Aucune sortie\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The above steps, performed in a more privileged mount namespace, have " +"created a bind mount that obscures the contents of the shadow password file, " +"I</etc/shadow>. For security reasons, it should not be possible to " +"B<umount>(2) that mount in a less privileged mount namespace, since that " +"would reveal the contents of I</etc/shadow>." +msgstr "" +"Les étapes ci-dessus, réalisées dans un espace de noms plus privilégié, ont " +"créé un montage lié qui dissimule le contenu du fichier d’hachage des mots " +"de passe, I</etc/shadow>. Pour des raisons de sécurité, il ne doit pas être " +"possible d’effectuer un B<umount>(2) de ce montage dans un espace de noms " +"montage moins privilégié puisque cela permettrait de dévoiler le contenu de " +"I</etc/shadow>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Suppose we now create a new mount namespace owned by a new user namespace. " +"The new mount namespace will inherit copies of all of the mounts from the " +"previous mount namespace. However, those mounts will be locked because the " +"new mount namespace is less privileged. Consequently, an attempt to " +"B<umount>(2) the mount fails as show in the following step:" +msgstr "" +"Supposons que nous créons un nouvel espace de noms montage propriété d’un " +"espace de noms utilisateur. Le nouvel espace de noms montage héritera des " +"copies de tous les espaces de noms montage précédents. Cependant, ces " +"montages seront verrouillés parce que le nouvel espace de noms montage est " +"moins privilégié. Par conséquent, un essai d’B<umount>(2) du montage " +"échouera comme cela est montré dans l’étape suivante :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# B<unshare --user --map-root-user --mount \\e>\n" +" B<strace -o /tmp/log \\e>\n" +" B<umount /mnt/dir>\n" +"umount: /etc/shadow: not mounted.\n" +"# B<grep \\[aq]\\[ha]umount\\[aq] /tmp/log>\n" +"umount2(\"/etc/shadow\", 0) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)\n" +msgstr "" +"# B<unshare --user --map-root-user --mount \\e>\n" +" B<strace -o /tmp/log \\e>\n" +" B<umount /mnt/dir>\n" +"umount: /etc/shadow: not mounted.\n" +"# B<grep \\[aq]\\[ha]umount\\[aq] /tmp/log>\n" +"umount2(\"/etc/shadow\", 0) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The error message from B<mount>(8) is a little confusing, but the " +"B<strace>(1) output reveals that the underlying B<umount2>(2) system call " +"failed with the error B<EINVAL>, which is the error that the kernel returns " +"to indicate that the mount is locked." +msgstr "" +"Le message d’erreur de B<mount>(8) est un peu déroutant, mais la sortie de " +"B<strace>(1) révèle que l’appel système B<umount2>(2) sous-jacent échoue " +"avec l’erreur B<EINVAL> qui est l’erreur que le noyau renvoie pour indiquer " +"que le montage est verrouillé." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Note, however, that it is possible to stack (and unstack) a mount on top of " +"one of the inherited locked mounts in a less privileged mount namespace:" +msgstr "" +"Cependant, il est à remarquer qu’il est possible d’empiler (et désempiler) " +"un montage au-dessus d’un des montages verrouillés hérités dans un espace de " +"noms montage moins privilégié." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# B<echo \\[aq]aaaaa\\[aq] E<gt> /tmp/a> # File to mount onto /etc/shadow\n" +"# B<unshare --user --map-root-user --mount \\e>\n" +" B<sh -c \\[aq]mount --bind /tmp/a /etc/shadow; cat /etc/shadow\\[aq]>\n" +"aaaaa\n" +"# B<umount /etc/shadow>\n" +msgstr "" +"# B<echo \\[aq]aaaaa\\[aq] E<gt> /tmp/a> # Fichier à monter sur /etc/shadow\n" +"# B<unshare --user --map-root-user --mount \\e>\n" +" B<sh -c \\[aq]mount --bind /tmp/a /etc/shadow; cat /etc/shadow\\[aq]>\n" +"aaaaa\n" +"# B<umount /etc/shadow>\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The final B<umount>(8) command above, which is performed in the initial " +"mount namespace, makes the original I</etc/shadow> file once more visible in " +"that namespace." +msgstr "" +"La commande finale B<umount>(8) ci-dessus, qui est réalisée dans l’espace de " +"noms montage initial, rend le fichier I</etc/shadow> originel à nouveau " +"visible dans cet espace de noms." + +#. type: IP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "[4]" +msgstr "[4]" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Following on from point [3], note that it is possible to B<umount>(2) an " +"entire subtree of mounts that propagated as a unit into a less privileged " +"mount namespace, as illustrated in the following example." +msgstr "" +"Dans le prolongement du point [3], remarquez qu’il est possible d’effectuer " +"un B<umount>(2) sur un sous-arbre entier de montages qui se sont propagés " +"comme unité dans un espace de noms montage moins privilégié, comme cela est " +"illustré dans l’exemple suivant." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"First, we create new user and mount namespaces using B<unshare>(1). In the " +"new mount namespace, the propagation type of all mounts is set to private. " +"We then create a shared bind mount at I</mnt>, and a small hierarchy of " +"mounts underneath that mount." +msgstr "" +"D’abord, créons un nouvel espace de noms utilisateur et un nouvel espace de " +"noms montage en utilisant B<unshare>(1). Dans le nouvel espace de noms " +"montage, le type de propagation de tous les montages est défini comme privé. " +"Créons alors un montage lié partagé sur I</mnt> et une petite hiérarchie de " +"montages sous ce montage." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"$ B<PS1=\\[aq]ns1# \\[aq] sudo unshare --user --map-root-user \\e>\n" +" B<--mount --propagation private bash>\n" +"ns1# B<echo $$> # We need the PID of this shell later\n" +"778501\n" +"ns1# B<mount --make-shared --bind /mnt /mnt>\n" +"ns1# B<mkdir /mnt/x>\n" +"ns1# B<mount --make-private -t tmpfs none /mnt/x>\n" +"ns1# B<mkdir /mnt/x/y>\n" +"ns1# B<mount --make-private -t tmpfs none /mnt/x/y>\n" +"ns1# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"986 83 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime shared:344\n" +"989 986 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n" +"990 989 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n" +msgstr "" +"$ B<PS1=\\[aq]ns1# \\[aq] sudo unshare --user --map-root-user \\e>\n" +" B<--mount --propagation private bash>\n" +"ns1# B<echo $$> # PID de l’interpréteur nécessaire par la suite\n" +"778501\n" +"ns1# B<mount --make-shared --bind /mnt /mnt>\n" +"ns1# B<mkdir /mnt/x>\n" +"ns1# B<mount --make-private -t tmpfs none /mnt/x>\n" +"ns1# B<mkdir /mnt/x/y>\n" +"ns1# B<mount --make-private -t tmpfs none /mnt/x/y>\n" +"ns1# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"986 83 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime shared:344\n" +"989 986 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n" +"990 989 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Continuing in the same shell session, we then create a second shell in a new " +"user namespace and a new (less privileged) mount namespace and check the " +"state of the propagated mounts rooted at I</mnt>." +msgstr "" +"En continuant dans la même session d’interpréteur, créons alors un second " +"interpréteur dans un nouvel espace de noms utilisateur et un nouvel espace " +"(moins privilégié) de noms montage, et vérifions l’état des montages " +"propagés ayant pour racine I</mnt>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"ns1# B<PS1=\\[aq]ns2# \\[aq] unshare --user --map-root-user \\e>\n" +" B<--mount --propagation unchanged bash>\n" +"ns2# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"1239 1204 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime master:344\n" +"1240 1239 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n" +"1241 1240 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n" +msgstr "" +"ns1# B<PS1=\\[aq]ns2# \\[aq] unshare --user --map-root-user \\e>\n" +" B<--mount --propagation unchanged bash>\n" +"ns2# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"1239 1204 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime master:344\n" +"1240 1239 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n" +"1241 1240 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Of note in the above output is that the propagation type of the mount I</" +"mnt> has been reduced to slave, as explained in point [2]. This means that " +"submount events will propagate from the master I</mnt> in \"ns1\", but " +"propagation will not occur in the opposite direction." +msgstr "" +"Il est à noter dans le résultat ci-dessus que le type de propagation du " +"montage I</mnt> a été réduit à esclave comme expliqué dans le point [2]. " +"Cela signifie que les évènements de sous-montage se propageront du maitre I</" +"mnt> dans « ns1 », mais que la propagation ne se produira pas dans la " +"direction opposée." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"From a separate terminal window, we then use B<nsenter>(1) to enter the " +"mount and user namespaces corresponding to \"ns1\". In that terminal " +"window, we then recursively bind mount I</mnt/x> at the location I</mnt/ppp>." +msgstr "" +"À partir d’une fenêtre à part du terminal, utilisons alors B<nsenter>(1) " +"pour saisir des espaces de noms montage et utilisateur correspondant à " +"« ns1 ». Dans cette fenêtre de terminal, lions récursivement les montages I</" +"mnt/x> à l’emplacement I</mnt/ppp>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"$ B<PS1=\\[aq]ns3# \\[aq] sudo nsenter -t 778501 --user --mount>\n" +"ns3# B<mount --rbind --make-private /mnt/x /mnt/ppp>\n" +"ns3# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"986 83 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime shared:344\n" +"989 986 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n" +"990 989 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n" +"1242 986 0:56 / /mnt/ppp rw,relatime\n" +"1243 1242 0:57 / /mnt/ppp/y rw,relatime shared:518\n" +msgstr "" +"$ B<PS1=\\[aq]ns3# \\[aq] sudo nsenter -t 778501 --user --mount>\n" +"ns3# B<mount --rbind --make-private /mnt/x /mnt/ppp>\n" +"ns3# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"986 83 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime shared:344\n" +"989 986 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n" +"990 989 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n" +"1242 986 0:56 / /mnt/ppp rw,relatime\n" +"1243 1242 0:57 / /mnt/ppp/y rw,relatime shared:518\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Because the propagation type of the parent mount, I</mnt>, was shared, the " +"recursive bind mount propagated a small subtree of mounts under the slave " +"mount I</mnt> into \"ns2\", as can be verified by executing the following " +"command in that shell session:" +msgstr "" +"Parce que le type de propagation du montage parent, I</mnt>, était partagé, " +"le montage récursif lié propage un petit sous-arbre de montages sous le " +"montage esclave I</mnt> dans « ns2 », comme cela peut être vérifié en " +"exécutant la commande suivante dans cette session d’interpréteur :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"ns2# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"1239 1204 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime master:344\n" +"1240 1239 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n" +"1241 1240 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n" +"1244 1239 0:56 / /mnt/ppp rw,relatime\n" +"1245 1244 0:57 / /mnt/ppp/y rw,relatime master:518\n" +msgstr "" +"ns2# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n" +"1239 1204 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime master:344\n" +"1240 1239 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n" +"1241 1240 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n" +"1244 1239 0:56 / /mnt/ppp rw,relatime\n" +"1245 1244 0:57 / /mnt/ppp/y rw,relatime master:518\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"While it is not possible to B<umount>(2) a part of the propagated subtree " +"(I</mnt/ppp/y>) in \"ns2\", it is possible to B<umount>(2) the entire " +"subtree, as shown by the following commands:" +msgstr "" +"Bien qu’il ne soit pas possible d’effectuer un B<umount>(2) sur une partie " +"du sous-arbre propagé (I</mnt/ppp/y>) dans « ns2 », il est possible " +"d’effectuer un B<umount>(2) sur le sous-arbre en entier comme cela est " +"montré avec les commandes suivantes :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"ns2# B<umount /mnt/ppp/y>\n" +"umount: /mnt/ppp/y: not mounted.\n" +"ns2# B<umount -l /mnt/ppp | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]> # Succeeds...\n" +"ns2# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo>\n" +"1239 1204 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime master:344\n" +"1240 1239 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n" +"1241 1240 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n" +msgstr "" +"ns2# B<umount /mnt/ppp/y>\n" +"umount: /mnt/ppp/y: not mounted.\n" +"ns2# B<umount -l /mnt/ppp | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]> # Succès...\n" +"ns2# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo>\n" +"1239 1204 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime master:344\n" +"1240 1239 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n" +"1241 1240 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n" + +#. type: IP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "[5]" +msgstr "[5]" + +# +#. commit 9566d6742852c527bf5af38af5cbb878dad75705 +#. Author: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> +#. Date: Mon Jul 28 17:26:07 2014 -0700 +#. mnt: Correct permission checks in do_remount +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The B<mount>(2) flags B<MS_RDONLY>, B<MS_NOSUID>, B<MS_NOEXEC>, and the " +"\"atime\" flags (B<MS_NOATIME>, B<MS_NODIRATIME>, B<MS_RELATIME>) settings " +"become locked when propagated from a more privileged to a less privileged " +"mount namespace, and may not be changed in the less privileged mount " +"namespace." +msgstr "" +"Les réglages des attributs de B<mount>(2) B<MS_RDONLY>, B<MS_NOSUID>, " +"B<MS_NOEXEC> et des attributs « atime » (B<MS_NOATIME>, B<MS_NODIRATIME>, " +"B<MS_RELATIME>) deviennent verrouillés quand ils sont propagés depuis un " +"espace de noms montage plus privilégié vers un autre espace moins privilégié " +"et ne peuvent être changés dans l’espace de noms montage moins privilégié." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"This point is illustrated in the following example where, in a more " +"privileged mount namespace, we create a bind mount that is marked as read-" +"only. For security reasons, it should not be possible to make the mount " +"writable in a less privileged mount namespace, and indeed the kernel " +"prevents this:" +msgstr "" +"Ce point est illustré par l’exemple suivant où, dans un espace de noms " +"montage plus privilégié, nous créons un montage lié qui est marqué comme en " +"lecture seule. Pour des raisons de sécurité, il ne devrait pas être possible " +"de permettre l’écriture dans le montage dans un espace de noms montage moins " +"privilégié, et en effet le noyau empêche cela :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"$ B<sudo mkdir /mnt/dir>\n" +"$ B<sudo mount --bind -o ro /some/path /mnt/dir>\n" +"$ B<sudo unshare --user --map-root-user --mount \\e>\n" +" B<mount -o remount,rw /mnt/dir>\n" +"mount: /mnt/dir: permission denied.\n" +msgstr "" +"$ B<sudo mkdir /mnt/dir>\n" +"$ B<sudo mount --bind -o ro /some/path /mnt/dir>\n" +"$ B<sudo unshare --user --map-root-user --mount \\e>\n" +" B<mount -o remount,rw /mnt/dir>\n" +"mount: /mnt/dir: permission denied.\n" + +#. type: IP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "[6]" +msgstr "[6]" + +#. (As of 3.18-rc1 (in Al Viro's 2014-08-30 vfs.git#for-next tree)) +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A file or directory that is a mount point in one namespace that is not a " +"mount point in another namespace, may be renamed, unlinked, or removed " +"(B<rmdir>(2)) in the mount namespace in which it is not a mount point " +"(subject to the usual permission checks). Consequently, the mount point is " +"removed in the mount namespace where it was a mount point." +msgstr "" +"Un fichier ou un répertoire qui est un point de montage dans un espace de " +"noms qui n’est pas un point de montage dans un autre espace de noms peut " +"être renommé, délié ou supprimé (B<rmdir>(2)) dans l’espace de noms montage " +"dans lequel il n’est pas un point de montage (sous réserve des vérifications " +"habituelles de permissions). Par conséquent, le point de montage est " +"supprimé dans l’espace de noms montage où il n’est pas un point de montage." + +# +#. mtk: The change was in Linux 3.18, I think, with this commit: +#. commit 8ed936b5671bfb33d89bc60bdcc7cf0470ba52fe +#. Author: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederman@twitter.com> +#. Date: Tue Oct 1 18:33:48 2013 -0700 +#. vfs: Lazily remove mounts on unlinked files and directories. +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Previously (before Linux 3.18), attempting to unlink, rename, or remove a " +"file or directory that was a mount point in another mount namespace would " +"result in the error B<EBUSY>. That behavior had technical problems of " +"enforcement (e.g., for NFS) and permitted denial-of-service attacks against " +"more privileged users (i.e., preventing individual files from being updated " +"by bind mounting on top of them)." +msgstr "" +"Auparavant (avant Linux 3.18), essayer de délier, renommer ou supprimer un " +"fichier ou un répertoire qui était un point de montage dans un autre espace " +"de noms montage aboutissait à une erreur B<EBUSY>. Ce comportement rencontre " +"des problèmes techniques d’application (par exemple, pour NFS) et permet des " +"attaques par déni de service sur des utilisateurs plus privilégiés (c’est-à-" +"dire empêchant des fichiers individuels d’être mis à jour en utilisant un " +"montage lié au-dessus d’eux)." + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "EXAMPLES" +msgstr "EXEMPLES" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "See B<pivot_root>(2)." +msgstr "Consulter B<pivot_root>(2)." + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "SEE ALSO" +msgstr "VOIR AUSSI" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"B<unshare>(1), B<clone>(2), B<mount>(2), B<mount_setattr>(2), " +"B<pivot_root>(2), B<setns>(2), B<umount>(2), B<unshare>(2), B<proc>(5), " +"B<namespaces>(7), B<user_namespaces>(7), B<findmnt>(8), B<mount>(8), " +"B<pam_namespace>(8), B<pivot_root>(8), B<umount>(8)" +msgstr "" +"B<unshare>(1), B<clone>(2), B<mount>(2), B<mount_setattr>(2), " +"B<pivot_root>(2), B<setns>(2), B<umount>(2), B<unshare>(2), B<proc>(5), " +"B<namespaces>(7), B<user_namespaces>(7), B<findmnt>(8), B<mount>(8), " +"B<pam_namespace>(8), B<pivot_root>(8), B<umount>(8)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"I<Documentation/filesystems/sharedsubtree.rst> in the kernel source tree." +msgstr "" +"I<Documentation/filesystems/sharedsubtree.rst> dans l’arbre des sources du " +"noyau." + +#. type: TH +#: debian-bookworm +#, no-wrap +msgid "2023-02-10" +msgstr "10 février 2023" + +#. type: TH +#: debian-bookworm +#, no-wrap +msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03" +msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.03" + +#. type: Plain text +#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# B<mkdir /mntZ>\n" +"# B<mount --bind /home/cecilia /mntZ>\n" +"mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /home/cecilia,\n" +" missing codepage or helper program, or other error\n" +msgstr "" +"# B<mkdir /mntZ>\n" +"# B<mount --bind /home/cecilia /mntZ>\n" +"mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /home/cecilia,\n" +" missing codepage or helper program, or other error\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +" In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try\n" +" dmesg | tail or so.\n" +msgstr "" +" Dans certains cas, une information utile est disponible dans syslog – essayer\n" +" dmesg | tail ou quelque chose d’équivalent.\n" + +#. type: SH +#: debian-bookworm +#, no-wrap +msgid "VERSIONS" +msgstr "VERSIONS" + +#. type: Plain text +#: debian-bookworm +msgid "Mount namespaces first appeared in Linux 2.4.19." +msgstr "Les espaces de noms montage sont apparus dans Linux 2.4.19." + +#. type: Plain text +#: debian-bookworm +msgid "Namespaces are a Linux-specific feature." +msgstr "Les espaces de noms sont propres à Linux." + +#. type: Plain text +#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"Since, when one uses\n" +"B<unshare>(1)\n" +"to create a mount namespace,\n" +"the goal is commonly to provide full isolation of the mounts\n" +"in the new namespace,\n" +"B<unshare>(1)\n" +"(since\n" +"I<util-linux>\n" +" 2.27) in turn reverses the step performed by\n" +"B<systemd>(1),\n" +"by making all mounts private in the new namespace.\n" +"That is,\n" +"B<unshare>(1)\n" +"performs the equivalent of the following in the new mount namespace:\n" +msgstr "" +"Puisque, quand quelqu’un utilise\n" +"B<unshare>(1)\n" +"pour créer un espace de noms montage,\n" +"le but est de fournir une isolation totale des montages\n" +"dans le nouvel espace de noms,\n" +"B<unshare>(1)\n" +"(depuis\n" +"I<util-linux> 2.27)\n" +"pour sa part inverse les étapes réalisées par\n" +"B<systemd>(1),\n" +"en rendant tous les montages privés dans le nouvel espace de noms.\n" +"C’est-à-dire,\n" +"B<unshare>(1)\n" +"réalise l’équivalent de ce qui suit dans le nouvel espace de noms montage :\n" + +#. type: TH +#: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "2023-05-03" +msgstr "3 mai 2023" + +#. type: TH +#: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Linux man-pages 6.05.01" +msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.05.01" + +#. type: TH +#: opensuse-leap-15-6 +#, no-wrap +msgid "2023-03-30" +msgstr "30 mars 2023" + +#. type: TH +#: opensuse-leap-15-6 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04" +msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.04" |