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diff --git a/po/fr/man7/sched.7.po b/po/fr/man7/sched.7.po new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fa614d68 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/fr/man7/sched.7.po @@ -0,0 +1,2218 @@ +# French translation of manpages +# This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package. +# Copyright © of this file: +# Christophe Blaess <https://www.blaess.fr/christophe/>, 1996-2003. +# Stéphan Rafin <stephan.rafin@laposte.net>, 2002. +# Thierry Vignaud <tvignaud@mandriva.com>, 1999, 2002. +# François Micaux, 2002. +# Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>, 2003-2008. +# Jean-Philippe Guérard <fevrier@tigreraye.org>, 2005-2006. +# Jean-Luc Coulon (f5ibh) <jean-luc.coulon@wanadoo.fr>, 2006-2007. +# Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org>, 2006-2007. +# Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com>, 2006-2008. +# Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>, 2006-2008. +# Florentin Duneau <fduneau@gmail.com>, 2006-2010. +# Simon Paillard <simon.paillard@resel.enst-bretagne.fr>, 2006. +# Denis Barbier <barbier@debian.org>, 2006, 2010. +# David Prévot <david@tilapin.org>, 2010, 2012, 2013. +# Cédric Boutillier <cedric.boutillier@gmail.com>, 2011, 2012. +# Frédéric Hantrais <fhantrais@gmail.com>, 2013, 2014. +# Jean-Paul Guillonneau <guillonneau.jeanpaul@free.fr>, 2021. +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: manpages-fr\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-01 17:07+0100\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-11-20 09:02+0100\n" +"Last-Translator: Jean-Paul Guillonneau <guillonneau.jeanpaul@free.fr>\n" +"Language-Team: French <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n" +"X-Generator: vim\n" + +#. type: TH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy, no-wrap +#| msgid "B<sched>(7)" +msgid "sched" +msgstr "B<sched>(7)" + +#. type: TH +#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron +#, no-wrap +msgid "2023-10-31" +msgstr "31 octobre 2023" + +#. type: TH +#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron +#, no-wrap +msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06" +msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.06" + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "NAME" +msgstr "NOM" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "sched - overview of CPU scheduling" +msgstr "sched - Aperçu de l’ordonnancement de CPU" + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "DESCRIPTION" +msgstr "DESCRIPTION" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Since Linux 2.6.23, the default scheduler is CFS, the \"Completely Fair " +"Scheduler\". The CFS scheduler replaced the earlier \"O(1)\" scheduler." +msgstr "" +"Depuis Linux 2.6.23, l’ordonnanceur par défaut est CFS (Completely Fair " +"Scheduler – ordonnanceur complètement équitable). Il remplace l’ordonnanceur " +"précédent, « O(1) »." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "API summary" +msgstr "Résumé des API" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Linux provides the following system calls for controlling the CPU scheduling " +"behavior, policy, and priority of processes (or, more precisely, threads)." +msgstr "" +"Linux fournit les appels système suivants pour contrôler le comportement de " +"l’ordonnancement du CPU, la politique et la priorité des processus (ou, plus " +"précisément, des threads)." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<nice>(2)" +msgstr "B<nice>(2)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Set a new nice value for the calling thread, and return the new nice value." +msgstr "" +"Définir une nouvelle valeur de politesse pour le thread appelant et renvoyer " +"cette nouvelle valeur." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<getpriority>(2)" +msgstr "B<getpriority>(2)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Return the nice value of a thread, a process group, or the set of threads " +"owned by a specified user." +msgstr "" +"Renvoyer la valeur de politesse d’un thread, d’un groupe de processus ou de " +"l’ensemble des threads possédés par un utilisateur particulier." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<setpriority>(2)" +msgstr "B<setpriority>(2)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Set the nice value of a thread, a process group, or the set of threads owned " +"by a specified user." +msgstr "" +"Définir la valeur de politesse d’un thread, d’un groupe de processus ou de " +"l’ensemble des threads possédés par un utilisateur particulier." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<sched_setscheduler>(2)" +msgstr "B<sched_setscheduler>(2)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Set the scheduling policy and parameters of a specified thread." +msgstr "" +"Définir la politique d'ordonnancement et les paramètres du thread indiqué." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<sched_getscheduler>(2)" +msgstr "B<sched_getscheduler>(2)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Return the scheduling policy of a specified thread." +msgstr "Renvoyer la politique d'ordonnancement du thread indiqué." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<sched_setparam>(2)" +msgstr "B<sched_setparam>(2)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Set the scheduling parameters of a specified thread." +msgstr "Définir les paramètres d'ordonnancement du thread indiqué." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<sched_getparam>(2)" +msgstr "B<sched_getparam>(2)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Fetch the scheduling parameters of a specified thread." +msgstr "Récupérer les paramètres d'ordonnancement du thread indiqué." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<sched_get_priority_max>(2)" +msgstr "B<sched_get_priority_max>(2)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Return the maximum priority available in a specified scheduling policy." +msgstr "" +"Renvoyer la priorité la plus haute disponible pour la politique " +"d'ordonnancement indiquée." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<sched_get_priority_min>(2)" +msgstr "B<sched_get_priority_min>(2)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Return the minimum priority available in a specified scheduling policy." +msgstr "" +"Renvoyer la priorité la plus basse disponible pour la politique " +"d'ordonnancement indiquée." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2)" +msgstr "B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Fetch the quantum used for threads that are scheduled under the \"round-" +"robin\" scheduling policy." +msgstr "" +"Récupérer le quantum de temps alloué utilisé pour les threads ordonnancés " +"par une politique de type répartition par tourniquet (round robin)." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<sched_yield>(2)" +msgstr "B<sched_yield>(2)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Cause the caller to relinquish the CPU, so that some other thread be " +"executed." +msgstr "" +"Provoquer la libération du CPU par l'appelant afin de permettre l’exécution " +"d'autres threads." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<sched_setaffinity>(2)" +msgstr "B<sched_setaffinity>(2)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "(Linux-specific) Set the CPU affinity of a specified thread." +msgstr "Définir le masque d'affinité CPU du thread indiqué (propre à Linux)." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<sched_getaffinity>(2)" +msgstr "B<sched_getaffinity>(2)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "(Linux-specific) Get the CPU affinity of a specified thread." +msgstr "Récupérer le masque d'affinité CPU du thread indiqué (propre à Linux)." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<sched_setattr>(2)" +msgstr "B<sched_setattr>(2)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Set the scheduling policy and parameters of a specified thread. This (Linux-" +"specific) system call provides a superset of the functionality of " +"B<sched_setscheduler>(2) and B<sched_setparam>(2)." +msgstr "" +"Définir la politique d'ordonnancement et les paramètres du thread indiqué. " +"Cet appel système (propre à Linux) fournit un sur-ensemble de la " +"fonctionnalité de B<sched_setscheduler>(2) et de B<sched_setparam>(2)." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B<sched_getattr>(2)" +msgstr "B<sched_getattr>(2)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Fetch the scheduling policy and parameters of a specified thread. This " +"(Linux-specific) system call provides a superset of the functionality of " +"B<sched_getscheduler>(2) and B<sched_getparam>(2)." +msgstr "" +"Récupérer la politique d'ordonnancement et les paramètres du thread indiqué. " +"Cet appel système (propre à Linux) fournit un sur-ensemble de la " +"fonctionnalité de B<sched_getscheduler>(2) et de B<sched_getparam>(2)." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Scheduling policies" +msgstr "Politiques d'ordonnancement" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The scheduler is the kernel component that decides which runnable thread " +"will be executed by the CPU next. Each thread has an associated scheduling " +"policy and a I<static> scheduling priority, I<sched_priority>. The " +"scheduler makes its decisions based on knowledge of the scheduling policy " +"and static priority of all threads on the system." +msgstr "" +"L'ordonnanceur est la partie du noyau qui décide quel thread prêt va être " +"exécuté ensuite. Chaque processus a une politique d'ordonnancement associée " +"et une priorité d'ordonnancement I<statique>, I<sched_priority>. " +"L'ordonnanceur prend ses décisions en fonction de la politique " +"d'ordonnancement et de la priorité statique de tous les threads du système." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"For threads scheduled under one of the normal scheduling policies " +"(B<SCHED_OTHER>, B<SCHED_IDLE>, B<SCHED_BATCH>), I<sched_priority> is not " +"used in scheduling decisions (it must be specified as 0)." +msgstr "" +"Pour les threads ordonnancés sous l'une des politiques d'ordonnancement " +"normales (B<SCHED_OTHER>, B<SCHED_IDLE>, B<SCHED_BATCH>), I<sched_priority> " +"n'est pas utilisée dans les décisions d'ordonnancement (et doit valoir 0)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Processes scheduled under one of the real-time policies (B<SCHED_FIFO>, " +"B<SCHED_RR>) have a I<sched_priority> value in the range 1 (low) to 99 " +"(high). (As the numbers imply, real-time threads always have higher " +"priority than normal threads.) Note well: POSIX.1 requires an " +"implementation to support only a minimum 32 distinct priority levels for the " +"real-time policies, and some systems supply just this minimum. Portable " +"programs should use B<sched_get_priority_min>(2) and " +"B<sched_get_priority_max>(2) to find the range of priorities supported for " +"a particular policy." +msgstr "" +"Les processus ordonnancés sous l'une des politiques d'ordonnancement temps " +"réel (B<SCHED_FIFO>, B<SCHED_RR>) ont une valeur I<sched_priority> dans " +"l'intervalle 1 (faible) à 99 (haute). (Comme les nombres l'impliquent, les " +"threads temps réel ont toujours une priorité plus haute que les threads " +"normaux.) Notez bien : POSIX.1 exige d'une implémentation qu'elle gère " +"seulement un minimum de 32 niveaux de priorité distincts pour les politiques " +"temps réel et certains systèmes n'offrent que ce minimum. Les programmes " +"portables doivent utiliser B<sched_get_priority_min>(2) et " +"B<sched_get_priority_max>(2) pour connaître l'intervalle des priorités " +"gérées pour une politique particulière." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Conceptually, the scheduler maintains a list of runnable threads for each " +"possible I<sched_priority> value. In order to determine which thread runs " +"next, the scheduler looks for the nonempty list with the highest static " +"priority and selects the thread at the head of this list." +msgstr "" +"Théoriquement, l'ordonnanceur entretient une liste de tous les threads prêts " +"pour l’exécution pour chaque valeur possible de I<sched_priority>. Afin de " +"déterminer quel processus doit s'exécuter ensuite, l'ordonnanceur recherche " +"la liste non vide de plus haute priorité statique et choisit le thread en " +"tête de cette liste." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A thread's scheduling policy determines where it will be inserted into the " +"list of threads with equal static priority and how it will move inside this " +"list." +msgstr "" +"La politique d'ordonnancement d'un thread détermine l'emplacement où il sera " +"inséré dans la liste contenant les threads de même priorité statique et " +"comment il se déplacera dans cette liste." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"All scheduling is preemptive: if a thread with a higher static priority " +"becomes ready to run, the currently running thread will be preempted and " +"returned to the wait list for its static priority level. The scheduling " +"policy determines the ordering only within the list of runnable threads with " +"equal static priority." +msgstr "" +"Tout ordonnancement est préemptif\\ : si un thread avec une priorité " +"statique plus élevée devient prêt, le thread actuellement en cours " +"d'exécution est interrompu et retourne dans la liste d'attente avec son " +"niveau de priorité statique. La politique d'ordonnancement détermine l'ordre " +"utilisé seulement dans la liste de threads prêts avec des priorités " +"statiques égales." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "SCHED_FIFO: First in-first out scheduling" +msgstr "SCHED_FIFO\\ : Ordonnancement premier entré, premier sorti" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"B<SCHED_FIFO> can be used only with static priorities higher than 0, which " +"means that when a B<SCHED_FIFO> thread becomes runnable, it will always " +"immediately preempt any currently running B<SCHED_OTHER>, B<SCHED_BATCH>, or " +"B<SCHED_IDLE> thread. B<SCHED_FIFO> is a simple scheduling algorithm " +"without time slicing. For threads scheduled under the B<SCHED_FIFO> policy, " +"the following rules apply:" +msgstr "" +"B<SCHED_FIFO> ne peut être utilisée qu'avec des priorités statiques " +"supérieures à 0, ce qui signifie que dès qu'un thread B<SCHED_FIFO> devient " +"prêt, il préempte n’importe quel thread B<SCHED_OTHER>, B<SCHED_BATCH> ou " +"B<SCHED_IDLE> en cours d'exécution. B<SCHED_FIFO> est un ordonnancement " +"simple sans découpage temporel. Pour les threads ordonnancés selon la " +"politique B<SCHED_FIFO>, les règles suivantes sont appliquées :" + +#. type: IP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "\\[bu]" +msgstr "-" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A running B<SCHED_FIFO> thread that has been preempted by another thread of " +"higher priority will stay at the head of the list for its priority and will " +"resume execution as soon as all threads of higher priority are blocked again." +msgstr "" +"Un thread B<SCHED_FIFO> qui a été préempté par un autre thread de priorité " +"supérieure restera en tête de liste pour sa priorité et reprendra son " +"exécution dès que tous les threads de priorité supérieure seront à nouveau " +"bloqués." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"When a blocked B<SCHED_FIFO> thread becomes runnable, it will be inserted at " +"the end of the list for its priority." +msgstr "" +"Quand un thread B<SCHED_FIFO> bloqué devient prêt, il est inséré en fin de " +"liste pour sa priorité." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"If a call to B<sched_setscheduler>(2), B<sched_setparam>(2), " +"B<sched_setattr>(2), B<pthread_setschedparam>(3), or " +"B<pthread_setschedprio>(3) changes the priority of the running or runnable " +"B<SCHED_FIFO> thread identified by I<pid> the effect on the thread's " +"position in the list depends on the direction of the change to threads " +"priority:" +msgstr "" +"Si un appel à B<sched_setscheduler>(2), B<sched_setparam>(2), " +"B<sched_setattr>(2), B<pthread_setschedparam>(3) ou " +"B<pthread_setschedprio>(3) modifie la priorité du thread B<SCHED_FIFO> prêt " +"ou en cours d’exécution, identifié par I<pid>, l’effet sur la position du " +"thread dans la liste dépend de la direction de la modification de la " +"priorité des threads :" + +#. type: IP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "(a)" +msgstr "(a)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"If the thread's priority is raised, it is placed at the end of the list for " +"its new priority. As a consequence, it may preempt a currently running " +"thread with the same priority." +msgstr "" +"Si la priorité du thread est relevée, il est placé en fin de liste pour sa " +"nouvelle priorité. Par conséquent, il peut préempter un thread en cours " +"d’exécution ayant la même priorité." + +#. type: IP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "(b)" +msgstr "(b)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"If the thread's priority is unchanged, its position in the run list is " +"unchanged." +msgstr "" +"Si la priorité du thread est inchangée, sa position dans la liste des " +"exécutions est inchangée." + +#. type: IP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "(c)" +msgstr "(c)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"If the thread's priority is lowered, it is placed at the front of the list " +"for its new priority." +msgstr "" +"Si la priorité du thread est abaissée, il est placé en tête de liste pour sa " +"nouvelle priorité." + +#. In Linux 2.2.x and Linux 2.4.x, the thread is placed at the front of the queue +#. In Linux 2.0.x, the Right Thing happened: the thread went to the back -- MTK +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"According to POSIX.1-2008, changes to a thread's priority (or policy) using " +"any mechanism other than B<pthread_setschedprio>(3) should result in the " +"thread being placed at the end of the list for its priority." +msgstr "" +"Selon POSIX.1-2008, les modifications de priorité (ou politique) de thread " +"en utilisant tout autre mécanisme que B<pthread_setschedprio>(3) devraient " +"aboutir à ce que le thread soit placé en fin de liste pour sa priorité." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "A thread calling B<sched_yield>(2) will be put at the end of the list." +msgstr "Un thread appelant B<sched_yield>(2) sera placé en fin liste." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"No other events will move a thread scheduled under the B<SCHED_FIFO> policy " +"in the wait list of runnable threads with equal static priority." +msgstr "" +"Aucun autre événement ne déplacera un thread ordonnancé selon la politique " +"B<SCHED_FIFO> dans la liste d’attente des threads prêts de priorité statique " +"équivalente." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A B<SCHED_FIFO> thread runs until either it is blocked by an I/O request, it " +"is preempted by a higher priority thread, or it calls B<sched_yield>(2)." +msgstr "" +"Un thread B<SCHED_FIFO> s'exécute jusqu'à ce qu'il soit bloqué par une " +"requête d'entrée-sortie, qu'il soit préempté par un thread de priorité " +"supérieure ou qu'il appelle B<sched_yield>(2)." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "SCHED_RR: Round-robin scheduling" +msgstr "SCHED_RR\\ : ordonnancement tourniquet" + +#. On Linux 2.4, the length of the RR interval is influenced +#. by the process nice value -- MTK +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"B<SCHED_RR> is a simple enhancement of B<SCHED_FIFO>. Everything described " +"above for B<SCHED_FIFO> also applies to B<SCHED_RR>, except that each thread " +"is allowed to run only for a maximum time quantum. If a B<SCHED_RR> thread " +"has been running for a time period equal to or longer than the time quantum, " +"it will be put at the end of the list for its priority. A B<SCHED_RR> " +"thread that has been preempted by a higher priority thread and subsequently " +"resumes execution as a running thread will complete the unexpired portion of " +"its round-robin time quantum. The length of the time quantum can be " +"retrieved using B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2)." +msgstr "" +"B<SCHED_RR> est une amélioration simple de B<SCHED_FIFO>. Tout ce qui est " +"décrit pour B<SCHED_FIFO> s'applique aussi à B<SCHED_RR>, sauf que chaque " +"thread ne dispose que d'un quantum de temps maximal pour son exécution. Si " +"l’exécution d’un thread B<SCHED_RR> est d’une durée supérieure ou égale au " +"quantum de temps, il sera placé en fin de liste pour sa priorité. Un thread " +"B<SCHED_RR> qui a été préempté par un thread de priorité supérieure et par " +"conséquent qui reprend l’exécution en tant que thread en cours, terminera la " +"part non utilisée de son quantum de temps dans le tourniquet. La valeur du " +"quantum de temps peut être lue avec B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2)." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "SCHED_DEADLINE: Sporadic task model deadline scheduling" +msgstr "SCHED_DEADLINE: ordonnancement sur échéances selon le modèle des tâches sporadiques." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Since version 3.14, Linux provides a deadline scheduling policy " +#| "(B<SCHED_DEADLINE>). This policy is currently implemented using GEDF " +#| "(Global Earliest Deadline First) in conjunction with CBS (Constant " +#| "Bandwidth Server). To set and fetch this policy and associated " +#| "attributes, one must use the Linux-specific B<sched_setattr>(2) and " +#| "B<sched_getattr>(2) system calls." +msgid "" +"Since Linux 3.14, Linux provides a deadline scheduling policy " +"(B<SCHED_DEADLINE>). This policy is currently implemented using GEDF " +"(Global Earliest Deadline First) in conjunction with CBS (Constant " +"Bandwidth Server). To set and fetch this policy and associated attributes, " +"one must use the Linux-specific B<sched_setattr>(2) and " +"B<sched_getattr>(2) system calls." +msgstr "" +"Depuis la version 3.14, Linux offre une politique d'ordonnancement sur " +"échéances (B<SCHED_DEADLINE>). L'implémentation actuelle de cette politique " +"repose sur les algorithmes GEDF (Global Earliest Deadline First, ou " +"« priorité globale à l'échéance proche ») et CBS (Constant Bandwidth Server, " +"ou « serveur à bande passante constante ») utilisés conjointement. Pour " +"définir ou récupérer cette politique et ses attributs associés, les appels " +"système B<sched_setattr>(2) et B<sched_getattr>(2) doivent être utilisés." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A sporadic task is one that has a sequence of jobs, where each job is " +"activated at most once per period. Each job also has a I<relative " +"deadline>, before which it should finish execution, and a I<computation " +"time>, which is the CPU time necessary for executing the job. The moment " +"when a task wakes up because a new job has to be executed is called the " +"I<arrival time> (also referred to as the request time or release time). The " +"I<start time> is the time at which a task starts its execution. The " +"I<absolute deadline> is thus obtained by adding the relative deadline to the " +"arrival time." +msgstr "" +"Une tâche sporadique présente une séquence de sous-tâches qui sont chacune " +"activées au moins une fois par période. Chaque sous-tâche a également une " +"I<échéance relative>, avant laquelle elle doit achever son exécution, et un " +"I<temps d'exécution> qui est le temps CPU nécessaire pour qu'elle s'exécute. " +"Le moment auquel une tâche est activée parce qu'une sous-tâche doit être " +"exécutée est appelé I<temps d'activation> (également désigné temps d'appel " +"(« request time ») ou temps de libération (« release time »)). Le I<temps de " +"lancement> est le moment auquel la tâche commence son exécution. " +"L'I<échéance impérative> est obtenue en additionnant l'échéance relative et " +"le temps d'activation." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "The following diagram clarifies these terms:" +msgstr "Le schéma suivant illustre ces termes :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"arrival/wakeup absolute deadline\n" +" | start time |\n" +" | | |\n" +" v v v\n" +"-----x--------xooooooooooooooooo--------x--------x---\n" +" |E<lt>- comp. time -E<gt>|\n" +" |E<lt>------- relative deadline ------E<gt>|\n" +" |E<lt>-------------- period -------------------E<gt>|\n" +msgstr "" +"activation/réveil échéance impérative\n" +" | temps du lancement |\n" +" | | |\n" +" v v v\n" +"-----x--------xoooooooooooooooooooooooo--------x--------x---\n" +" |E<lt>- temps d'exécution -E<gt>|\n" +" |E<lt>---------- échéance relative ----------E<gt>|\n" +" |E<lt>----------------- période ----------------------E<gt>|\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"When setting a B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy for a thread using " +"B<sched_setattr>(2), one can specify three parameters: I<Runtime>, " +"I<Deadline>, and I<Period>. These parameters do not necessarily correspond " +"to the aforementioned terms: usual practice is to set Runtime to something " +"bigger than the average computation time (or worst-case execution time for " +"hard real-time tasks), Deadline to the relative deadline, and Period to the " +"period of the task. Thus, for B<SCHED_DEADLINE> scheduling, we have:" +msgstr "" +"Lorsqu'une politique B<SCHED_DEADLINE> est activée au moyen de " +"B<sched_setattr>(2), il est possible de préciser trois paramètres : " +"I<Runtime>, I<Deadline> et I<Period>. Ces paramètres ne correspondent pas " +"forcément aux termes décrits précédemment : il est d'usage d'affecter à " +"Runtime une valeur supérieure au temps d'exécution moyen (ou le pire temps " +"d'exécution possible, pour les cas de temps réel extrêmes) ; Deadline prend " +"la valeur de l'échéance relative ; enfin, Period reçoit la valeur de la " +"période de la tâche. Ainsi, pour un ordonnancement B<SCHED_DEADLINE>, on " +"obtient." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"arrival/wakeup absolute deadline\n" +" | start time |\n" +" | | |\n" +" v v v\n" +"-----x--------xooooooooooooooooo--------x--------x---\n" +" |E<lt>-- Runtime -------E<gt>|\n" +" |E<lt>----------- Deadline -----------E<gt>|\n" +" |E<lt>-------------- Period -------------------E<gt>|\n" +msgstr "" +"activation/réveil échéance impérative\n" +" | temps du lancement |\n" +" | | |\n" +" v v v\n" +"-----x--------xoooooooooooooooooooooooo--------x--------x---\n" +" |E<lt>------- Exécution -------E<gt>|\n" +" |E<lt>----------------- Échéance ------------E<gt>|\n" +" |E<lt>----------------- Période ----------------------E<gt>|\n" + +#. FIXME It looks as though specifying sched_period as 0 means +#. "make sched_period the same as sched_deadline". +#. This needs to be documented. +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The three deadline-scheduling parameters correspond to the I<sched_runtime>, " +"I<sched_deadline>, and I<sched_period> fields of the I<sched_attr> " +"structure; see B<sched_setattr>(2). These fields express values in " +"nanoseconds. If I<sched_period> is specified as 0, then it is made the same " +"as I<sched_deadline>." +msgstr "" +"Les trois paramètres de configuration de l'ordonnancement sur échéances " +"correspondent aux champs I<sched_runtime>, I<sched_deadline> et " +"I<sched_period> de la structure I<sched_attr> (consultez " +"B<sched_setattr>(2)). Ces champs sont exprimés en nanosecondes. Si la " +"valeur 0 est affectée à I<sched_period>, ce paramètre prend la valeur de " +"I<sched_deadline>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "The kernel requires that:" +msgstr "Le noyau exige que :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy, no-wrap +#| msgid " sched_runtime E<lt>= sched_deadline E<lt>= sched_period\n" +msgid "sched_runtime E<lt>= sched_deadline E<lt>= sched_period\n" +msgstr " sched_runtime E<lt>= sched_deadline E<lt>= sched_period\n" + +#. See __checkparam_dl in kernel/sched/core.c +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In addition, under the current implementation, all of the parameter " +#| "values must be at least 1024 (i.e., just over one microsecond, which is " +#| "the resolution of the implementation), and less than 2^63. If any of " +#| "these checks fails, B<sched_setattr>(2) fails with the error B<EINVAL>." +msgid "" +"In addition, under the current implementation, all of the parameter values " +"must be at least 1024 (i.e., just over one microsecond, which is the " +"resolution of the implementation), and less than 2\\[ha]63. If any of these " +"checks fails, B<sched_setattr>(2) fails with the error B<EINVAL>." +msgstr "" +"De plus, dans l'implémentation actuelle, tous les paramètres doivent valoir " +"au moins 1024 (c'est à dire à peine plus qu'une microseconde, qui est la " +"résolution de cette implémentation) et moins de 2^63. Si la valeur de l'un " +"de ces paramètres sort de cet intervalle, B<sched_setattr>(2) échoue en " +"renvoyant l'erreur B<EINVAL>. " + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The CBS guarantees non-interference between tasks, by throttling threads " +"that attempt to over-run their specified Runtime." +msgstr "" +"Le CBS assure que les différentes tâches n'interfèrent pas en bloquant les " +"threads qui tentent de dépasser leur temps d'exécution (Runtime)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"To ensure deadline scheduling guarantees, the kernel must prevent situations " +"where the set of B<SCHED_DEADLINE> threads is not feasible (schedulable) " +"within the given constraints. The kernel thus performs an admittance test " +"when setting or changing B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy and attributes. This " +"admission test calculates whether the change is feasible; if it is not, " +"B<sched_setattr>(2) fails with the error B<EBUSY>." +msgstr "" +"Pour que les conditions requises par l'ordonnancement sur échéances soient " +"remplies, le noyau doit empêcher des situations dans lesquelles l’ensemble " +"des threads B<SCHED_DEADLINE> n’est pas réalisable (ordonnancement non " +"possible) en tenant compte des contraintes données. Le noyau doit donc " +"exécuter un test d'approbation lorsque la politique B<SCHED_DEADLINE> et ses " +"attributs sont définis ou modifiés. Ce test d'approbation valide que le " +"changement demandé est réalisable ; si ce n'est pas le cas, " +"B<sched_setattr>(2) échoue et renvoie l'erreur B<EBUSY>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"For example, it is required (but not necessarily sufficient) for the total " +"utilization to be less than or equal to the total number of CPUs available, " +"where, since each thread can maximally run for Runtime per Period, that " +"thread's utilization is its Runtime divided by its Period." +msgstr "" +"Par exemple, il est nécessaire (et par forcément suffisant) pour " +"l'utilisation totale d'être inférieure ou égale au nombre total de CPU " +"disponibles, où, puisque chaque thread peut s'exécuter au plus pour " +"I<Runtime> par I<Period>, l'utilisation pour ce thread vaut son I<Runtime> " +"divisé par sa I<Period>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"In order to fulfill the guarantees that are made when a thread is admitted " +"to the B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy, B<SCHED_DEADLINE> threads are the highest " +"priority (user controllable) threads in the system; if any B<SCHED_DEADLINE> " +"thread is runnable, it will preempt any thread scheduled under one of the " +"other policies." +msgstr "" +"Pour assurer les conditions qui sont requises lorsqu'un thread est autorisé " +"à utiliser la politique B<SCHED_DEADLINE>, les threads B<SCHED_DEADLINE> ont " +"la priorité la plus élevée parmi tous les threads (contrôlable par " +"l'utilisateur) du système. Si un thread ordonnancé selon B<SCHED_DEADLINE> " +"est prêt, il aura la priorité sur tout autre thread ordonnancé par une autre " +"politique." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A call to B<fork>(2) by a thread scheduled under the B<SCHED_DEADLINE> " +"policy fails with the error B<EAGAIN>, unless the thread has its reset-on-" +"fork flag set (see below)." +msgstr "" +"Un appel à B<fork>(2) effectué par un thread ordonnancé selon la politique " +"B<SCHED_DEADLINE> échouera en renvoyant l'erreur B<EAGAIN>, sauf dans le cas " +"ou l'attribut « reset-on-fork » du thread est activé (voir plus bas)." + +# +#. FIXME Calling sched_getparam() on a SCHED_DEADLINE thread +#. fails with EINVAL, but sched_getscheduler() succeeds. +#. Is that intended? (Why?) +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A B<SCHED_DEADLINE> thread that calls B<sched_yield>(2) will yield the " +"current job and wait for a new period to begin." +msgstr "" +"Un thread ordonnancé selon B<SCHED_DEADLINE> qui appelle B<sched_yield>(2) " +"cédera la priorité à la sous-tâche en cours et attendra une nouvelle période " +"pour débuter." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "SCHED_OTHER: Default Linux time-sharing scheduling" +msgstr "SCHED_OTHER\\ : ordonnancement temps partagé par défaut" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"B<SCHED_OTHER> can be used at only static priority 0 (i.e., threads under " +"real-time policies always have priority over B<SCHED_OTHER> processes). " +"B<SCHED_OTHER> is the standard Linux time-sharing scheduler that is intended " +"for all threads that do not require the special real-time mechanisms." +msgstr "" +"B<SCHED_OTHER> peut être utilisé seulement pour la priorité statique 0 " +"(c’est-à-dire que les threads sous politique temps réel ont la priorité sur " +"les processus B<SCHED_OTHER>). B<SCHED_OTHER> est l’ordonnanceur temps " +"partagé de Linux prévu pour tous les threads n’ayant pas besoin des " +"mécanismes temps réel spéciaux." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The thread to run is chosen from the static priority 0 list based on a " +"I<dynamic> priority that is determined only inside this list. The dynamic " +"priority is based on the nice value (see below) and is increased for each " +"time quantum the thread is ready to run, but denied to run by the " +"scheduler. This ensures fair progress among all B<SCHED_OTHER> threads." +msgstr "" +"Le thread à exécuter est choisi dans la liste des threads de priorité " +"statique 0, en utilisant une priorité I<dynamique> qui ne s'applique que " +"dans cette liste. La priorité dynamique est basée sur la valeur de politesse " +"(« nice ») du thread (voir ci-dessous) et est incrémentée à chaque quantum " +"de temps où le thread est prêt, mais non sélectionné par l'ordonnanceur. " +"Cela garantit une progression équitable de tous les threads B<SCHED_OTHER>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"In the Linux kernel source code, the B<SCHED_OTHER> policy is actually named " +"B<SCHED_NORMAL>." +msgstr "" +"Dans le code source du noyau Linux, la politique B<SCHED_OTHER> est en fait " +"appelée B<SCHED_NORMAL>." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "The nice value" +msgstr "La valeur de politesse" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The nice value is an attribute that can be used to influence the CPU " +"scheduler to favor or disfavor a process in scheduling decisions. It " +"affects the scheduling of B<SCHED_OTHER> and B<SCHED_BATCH> (see below) " +"processes. The nice value can be modified using B<nice>(2), " +"B<setpriority>(2), or B<sched_setattr>(2)." +msgstr "" +"La valeur de politesse est un attribut pouvant être utilisé pour influencer " +"l’ordonnanceur en faveur ou défaveur d’un processus dans les choix " +"d’ordonnancement. Elle affecte l’ordonnancement des processus B<SCHED_OTHER> " +"et B<SCHED_BATCH> (voir ci-dessous). La valeur de politesse peut être " +"modifiée avec B<nice>(2), B<setpriority>(2) ou B<sched_setattr>(2)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"According to POSIX.1, the nice value is a per-process attribute; that is, " +"the threads in a process should share a nice value. However, on Linux, the " +"nice value is a per-thread attribute: different threads in the same process " +"may have different nice values." +msgstr "" +"Selon POSIX.1, la valeur de politesse est un attribut par processus, c’est-à-" +"dire que les threads dans un processus devraient partager la valeur de " +"politesse. Cependant, dans Linux, cette valeur est un attribut par thread : " +"des threads distincts dans le même processus peuvent avoir des valeurs de " +"politesse différentes." + +#. Linux before 1.3.36 had \-infinity..15. +#. Since Linux 1.3.43, Linux has the range \-20..19. +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The range of the nice value varies across UNIX systems. On modern Linux, " +#| "the range is -20 (high priority) to +19 (low priority). On some other " +#| "systems, the range is -20..20. Very early Linux kernels (Before Linux " +#| "2.0) had the range -infinity..15." +msgid "" +"The range of the nice value varies across UNIX systems. On modern Linux, " +"the range is -20 (high priority) to +19 (low priority). On some other " +"systems, the range is -20..20. Very early Linux kernels (before Linux 2.0) " +"had the range -infinity..15." +msgstr "" +"L’éventail des valeurs de politesse diffère selon les systèmes UNIX. Dans un " +"Linux moderne, il varie de −20 (priorité élevée) à +19 (priorité basse). " +"Dans quelques autres systèmes, la plage est de −20 à 20. Les tout premiers " +"noyaux Linux (avant Linux 2.0) avaient une plage de −infini à 15 ." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The degree to which the nice value affects the relative scheduling of " +"B<SCHED_OTHER> processes likewise varies across UNIX systems and across " +"Linux kernel versions." +msgstr "" +"De même, le degré auquel la valeur de politesse affecte l’ordonnancement " +"respectif des processus B<SCHED_OTHER> varie selon les systèmes UNIX et " +"selon les versions du noyau Linux." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "With the advent of the CFS scheduler in kernel 2.6.23, Linux adopted an " +#| "algorithm that causes relative differences in nice values to have a much " +#| "stronger effect. In the current implementation, each unit of difference " +#| "in the nice values of two processes results in a factor of 1.25 in the " +#| "degree to which the scheduler favors the higher priority process. This " +#| "causes very low nice values (+19) to truly provide little CPU to a " +#| "process whenever there is any other higher priority load on the system, " +#| "and makes high nice values (-20) deliver most of the CPU to applications " +#| "that require it (e.g., some audio applications)." +msgid "" +"With the advent of the CFS scheduler in Linux 2.6.23, Linux adopted an " +"algorithm that causes relative differences in nice values to have a much " +"stronger effect. In the current implementation, each unit of difference in " +"the nice values of two processes results in a factor of 1.25 in the degree " +"to which the scheduler favors the higher priority process. This causes very " +"low nice values (+19) to truly provide little CPU to a process whenever " +"there is any other higher priority load on the system, and makes high nice " +"values (-20) deliver most of the CPU to applications that require it (e.g., " +"some audio applications)." +msgstr "" +"Avec l’arrivée de l’ordonnanceur CFS dans le noyau 2.6.23, Linux a adopté un " +"algorithme qui provoque des différences relatives aux valeurs de politesse " +"ayant un impact plus important. Dans l’implémentation actuelle, chaque unité " +"de différence dans les valeurs de politesse dans deux processus aboutit à un " +"facteur de 1,25 dans le degré dont l’ordonnancement favorise le processus de " +"plus haute priorité. Cela fait que les très petites valeurs de priorité " +"(+19) fournissent vraiment peu de CPU pour un processus à chaque fois qu’il " +"existe une charge de plus haute priorité sur le système, et cela fait que " +"les hautes valeurs (−20) fournissent la plus grande partie du CPU aux " +"applications en ayant besoin (par exemple, certaines applications audio)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"On Linux, the B<RLIMIT_NICE> resource limit can be used to define a limit to " +"which an unprivileged process's nice value can be raised; see " +"B<setrlimit>(2) for details." +msgstr "" +"Dans Linux, la limite de ressources B<RLIMIT_NICE> peut être utilisée pour " +"définir une limite jusqu'à laquelle une valeur de politesse de processus non " +"privilégié peut être élevée. Consultez B<setrlimit>(2) pour les détails." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"For further details on the nice value, see the subsections on the autogroup " +"feature and group scheduling, below." +msgstr "" +"Pour davantage d’explications à propos de la valeur de politesse, consultez " +"ci-dessous les sous-sections sur la fonctionnalité d’autogroupe et sur " +"l’ordonnancement de groupe." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "SCHED_BATCH: Scheduling batch processes" +msgstr "SCHED_BATCH\\ : ordonnancement de processus par lots" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"(Since Linux 2.6.16.) B<SCHED_BATCH> can be used only at static priority " +"0. This policy is similar to B<SCHED_OTHER> in that it schedules the thread " +"according to its dynamic priority (based on the nice value). The difference " +"is that this policy will cause the scheduler to always assume that the " +"thread is CPU-intensive. Consequently, the scheduler will apply a small " +"scheduling penalty with respect to wakeup behavior, so that this thread is " +"mildly disfavored in scheduling decisions." +msgstr "" +"(Depuis Linux 2.6.16) B<SCHED_BATCH> ne peut être utilisée qu'avec une " +"priorité statique de 0. Cette politique est similaire à B<SCHED_OTHER> en ce " +"qu'elle ordonnance les threads conformément à leur priorité dynamique (basée " +"sur la valeur de politesse). La différence est que cette politique fera que " +"l'ordonnanceur considérera toujours que ce thread demande beaucoup de " +"ressources processeur. Par conséquent, il lui appliquera une petite pénalité " +"d'ordonnancement vis-à-vis du comportement au réveil, ainsi le thread sera " +"légèrement désavantagé dans les décisions d'ordonnancement." + +#. The following paragraph is drawn largely from the text that +#. accompanied Ingo Molnar's patch for the implementation of +#. SCHED_BATCH. +#. commit b0a9499c3dd50d333e2aedb7e894873c58da3785 +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"This policy is useful for workloads that are noninteractive, but do not want " +"to lower their nice value, and for workloads that want a deterministic " +"scheduling policy without interactivity causing extra preemptions (between " +"the workload's tasks)." +msgstr "" +"Cette politique est utile pour les charges de travail non interactives, mais " +"qui ne souhaitent pas diminuer leur valeur de politesse, ou pour celles qui " +"veulent une politique d'ordonnancement déterministe sans que l'interactivité " +"ne cause de préemptions supplémentaires (entre les tâches des charges)." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "SCHED_IDLE: Scheduling very low priority jobs" +msgstr "SCHED_IDLE : ordonnancement de tâches de très faible priorité" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"(Since Linux 2.6.23.) B<SCHED_IDLE> can be used only at static priority 0; " +"the process nice value has no influence for this policy." +msgstr "" +"(Depuis Linux 2.6.23.) B<SCHED_IDLE> ne peut être utilisée qu'avec une " +"priorité statique de 0 ; la valeur de politesse n'a pas d'influence pour " +"cette politique." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"This policy is intended for running jobs at extremely low priority (lower " +"even than a +19 nice value with the B<SCHED_OTHER> or B<SCHED_BATCH> " +"policies)." +msgstr "" +"Cette politique est conçue pour l'exécution de tâches de très faible " +"priorité (inférieure même à une valeur de politesse +19 avec les politiques " +"B<SCHED_OTHER> ou B<SCHED_BATCH>)." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Resetting scheduling policy for child processes" +msgstr "Réinitialiser la politique d'ordonnancement pour les processus enfant" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Each thread has a reset-on-fork scheduling flag. When this flag is set, " +"children created by B<fork>(2) do not inherit privileged scheduling " +"policies. The reset-on-fork flag can be set by either:" +msgstr "" +"Chaque thread possède un attribut d'ordonnancement reset-on-fork. Lorsque " +"cet attribut est défini, les enfants créés au moyen de B<fork>(2) n'héritent " +"pas des politiques d'ordonnancement nécessitant des droits. L'attribut reset-" +"on-fork peut être défini soit :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"ORing the B<SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK> flag into the I<policy> argument when " +"calling B<sched_setscheduler>(2) (since Linux 2.6.32); or" +msgstr "" +"en appliquant un OU logique à l'attribut B<SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK> dans " +"l'argument I<policy> au moment de l'appel à B<sched_setscheduler>(2) (à " +"partir de Linux 2.6.32) ;" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"specifying the B<SCHED_FLAG_RESET_ON_FORK> flag in I<attr.sched_flags> when " +"calling B<sched_setattr>(2)." +msgstr "" +"ou en ajoutant l'argument B<SCHED_FLAG_RESET_ON_FORK> dans I<attr." +"sched_flags> au moment de l'appel à B<sched_setattr>(2)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Note that the constants used with these two APIs have different names. The " +"state of the reset-on-fork flag can analogously be retrieved using " +"B<sched_getscheduler>(2) and B<sched_getattr>(2)." +msgstr "" +"Notez que les constantes utilisées dans ces deux API ont des noms " +"différents. La disposition de l'attribut reset-on-fork peut, de façon " +"analogue, être obtenue au moyen de B<sched_getscheduler>(2) et de " +"B<sched_getattr>(2)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The reset-on-fork feature is intended for media-playback applications, and " +"can be used to prevent applications evading the B<RLIMIT_RTTIME> resource " +"limit (see B<getrlimit>(2)) by creating multiple child processes." +msgstr "" +"La fonctionnalité reset-on-fork est prévue pour des applications de lecture " +"audiovisuelle et peut être utilisée pour empêcher les applications de passer " +"outre la limite de ressource B<RLIMIT_RTTIME> (consultez B<getrlimit>(2)) en " +"créant de nombreux processus enfant." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"More precisely, if the reset-on-fork flag is set, the following rules apply " +"for subsequently created children:" +msgstr "" +"Plus précisément, si l'attribut reset-on-fork est utilisé, les règles " +"suivantes seront appliquées lors de la création ultérieure des enfants :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"If the calling thread has a scheduling policy of B<SCHED_FIFO> or " +"B<SCHED_RR>, the policy is reset to B<SCHED_OTHER> in child processes." +msgstr "" +"Si le thread appelant a une politique d'ordonnancement B<SCHED_FIFO> ou " +"B<SCHED_RR>, la politique pour les processus enfant est réinitialisée à " +"B<SCHED_OTHER>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"If the calling process has a negative nice value, the nice value is reset to " +"zero in child processes." +msgstr "" +"Si le processus appelant a une valeur de politesse négative, elle est mise à " +"zéro pour les processus enfant." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"After the reset-on-fork flag has been enabled, it can be reset only if the " +"thread has the B<CAP_SYS_NICE> capability. This flag is disabled in child " +"processes created by B<fork>(2)." +msgstr "" +"Une fois que l'attribut reset-on-fork est activé, il ne peut être désactivé " +"que si le thread possède la capacité B<CAP_SYS_NICE>. Cet attribut est " +"désactivé pour les processus enfant créés avec B<fork>(2)." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Privileges and resource limits" +msgstr "Privilèges et limites de ressources" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In Linux kernels before 2.6.12, only privileged (B<CAP_SYS_NICE>) " +#| "threads can set a nonzero static priority (i.e., set a real-time " +#| "scheduling policy). The only change that an unprivileged thread can make " +#| "is to set the B<SCHED_OTHER> policy, and this can be done only if the " +#| "effective user ID of the caller matches the real or effective user ID of " +#| "the target thread (i.e., the thread specified by I<pid>) whose policy is " +#| "being changed." +msgid "" +"Before Linux 2.6.12, only privileged (B<CAP_SYS_NICE>) threads can set a " +"nonzero static priority (i.e., set a real-time scheduling policy). The only " +"change that an unprivileged thread can make is to set the B<SCHED_OTHER> " +"policy, and this can be done only if the effective user ID of the caller " +"matches the real or effective user ID of the target thread (i.e., the thread " +"specified by I<pid>) whose policy is being changed." +msgstr "" +"Avec les noyaux Linux antérieurs à 2.6.12, seuls les threads privilégiés " +"(B<CAP_SYS_NICE>) pouvaient attribuer une priorité statique non nulle (c'est-" +"à-dire définir une politique d'ordonnancement temps réel). Le seul " +"changement qu'un thread non privilégié pouvait faire était d'affecter la " +"politique B<SCHED_OTHER> et cela ne pouvait être fait que si l'UID effectif " +"de l'appelant était le même que l'UID réel ou effectif du thread cible " +"(c'est-à-dire le thread spécifié par I<pid>) dont la politique était " +"modifiée." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A thread must be privileged (B<CAP_SYS_NICE>) in order to set or modify a " +"B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy." +msgstr "" +"Un thread doit avoir des droits spécifiques (B<CAP_SYS_NICE>) pour pouvoir " +"affecter ou modifier la politique B<SCHED_DEADLINE>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Since Linux 2.6.12, the B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> resource limit defines a ceiling on " +"an unprivileged thread's static priority for the B<SCHED_RR> and " +"B<SCHED_FIFO> policies. The rules for changing scheduling policy and " +"priority are as follows:" +msgstr "" +"Depuis Linux 2.6.12, la limite de ressources B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> définit un " +"plafond pour la priorité statique d'un thread non privilégié pour les " +"politiques B<SCHED_RR> et B<SCHED_FIFO>. Les règles pour modifier la " +"politique d'ordonnancement et la priorité sont les suivantes :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"If an unprivileged thread has a nonzero B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> soft limit, then it " +"can change its scheduling policy and priority, subject to the restriction " +"that the priority cannot be set to a value higher than the maximum of its " +"current priority and its B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> soft limit." +msgstr "" +"Si un thread non privilégié a une limite souple B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> non nulle, " +"il peut modifier sa politique et sa priorité d'ordonnancement, à condition " +"que la priorité reste inférieure au maximum de sa priorité actuelle et à sa " +"limite souple B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"If the B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> soft limit is 0, then the only permitted changes are " +"to lower the priority, or to switch to a non-real-time policy." +msgstr "" +"Si la limite souple B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> est nulle, les seules modifications " +"permises sont une diminution de la priorité ou bien un basculement vers une " +"politique qui n'est pas temps réel." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Subject to the same rules, another unprivileged thread can also make these " +"changes, as long as the effective user ID of the thread making the change " +"matches the real or effective user ID of the target thread." +msgstr "" +"Soumis aux mêmes règles, un autre thread non privilégié peut également faire " +"ces modifications à partir du moment où l'UID effectif du thread effectuant " +"la modification correspond à l'UID réel ou effectif du thread cible." + +#. commit c02aa73b1d18e43cfd79c2f193b225e84ca497c8 +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Special rules apply for the B<SCHED_IDLE> policy. In Linux kernels " +#| "before 2.6.39, an unprivileged thread operating under this policy cannot " +#| "change its policy, regardless of the value of its B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> " +#| "resource limit. In Linux kernels since 2.6.39, an unprivileged thread " +#| "can switch to either the B<SCHED_BATCH> or the B<SCHED_OTHER> policy so " +#| "long as its nice value falls within the range permitted by its " +#| "B<RLIMIT_NICE> resource limit (see B<getrlimit>(2))." +msgid "" +"Special rules apply for the B<SCHED_IDLE> policy. Before Linux 2.6.39, an " +"unprivileged thread operating under this policy cannot change its policy, " +"regardless of the value of its B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> resource limit. Since Linux " +"2.6.39, an unprivileged thread can switch to either the B<SCHED_BATCH> or " +"the B<SCHED_OTHER> policy so long as its nice value falls within the range " +"permitted by its B<RLIMIT_NICE> resource limit (see B<getrlimit>(2))." +msgstr "" +"Des règles particulières s'appliquent à la politique B<SCHED_IDLE>. Dans les " +"noyaux Linux antérieurs à 2.6.39, un thread non privilégié opérant sous " +"cette politique ne peut pas modifier sa politique, quelle que soit la valeur " +"de sa limite souple de ressources B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO>. Dans les noyaux Linux " +"postérieurs à 2.6.39, un thread non privilégié peut basculer vers la " +"politique B<SCHED_BATCH> ou B<SCHED_OTHER> tant que sa valeur de politesse " +"tombe dans l'intervalle permis par sa limite de ressources B<RLIMIT_NICE> " +"(consultez B<getrlimit>(2))." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Privileged (B<CAP_SYS_NICE>) threads ignore the B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> limit; as " +"with older kernels, they can make arbitrary changes to scheduling policy and " +"priority. See B<getrlimit>(2) for further information on B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO>." +msgstr "" +"Les threads privilégiés (B<CAP_SYS_NICE>) ignorent la limite " +"B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> : comme avec d'anciens noyaux, ils peuvent modifier " +"arbitrairement la politique d'ordonnancement et la priorité. Consultez " +"B<getrlimit>(2) pour plus d'informations sur B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO>." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Limiting the CPU usage of real-time and deadline processes" +msgstr "Limiter l'utilisation CPU des processus temps-réel et à échéances." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "A nonblocking infinite loop in a thread scheduled under the " +#| "B<SCHED_FIFO>, B<SCHED_RR>, or B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy can potentially " +#| "block all other threads from accessing the CPU forever. Prior to Linux " +#| "2.6.25, the only way of preventing a runaway real-time process from " +#| "freezing the system was to run (at the console) a shell scheduled under " +#| "a higher static priority than the tested application. This allows an " +#| "emergency kill of tested real-time applications that do not block or " +#| "terminate as expected." +msgid "" +"A nonblocking infinite loop in a thread scheduled under the B<SCHED_FIFO>, " +"B<SCHED_RR>, or B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy can potentially block all other " +"threads from accessing the CPU forever. Before Linux 2.6.25, the only way " +"of preventing a runaway real-time process from freezing the system was to " +"run (at the console) a shell scheduled under a higher static priority than " +"the tested application. This allows an emergency kill of tested real-time " +"applications that do not block or terminate as expected." +msgstr "" +"Une boucle sans fin non bloquante dans un thread ordonnancé selon une " +"politique B<SCHED_FIFO>, B<SCHED_RR> ou B<SCHED_DEADLINE> peut " +"potentiellement bloquer indéfiniment l’accès au CPU de tous les threads. " +"Avant Linux 2.6.25, le seul moyen d'éviter qu'un processus temps réel hors " +"de contrôle ne bloque le système était d'exécuter (sur la console) un shell " +"ayant un priorité statique supérieure à celle de l'application testée. Cela " +"permettait d'exécuter en urgence une commande kill sur les applications " +"temps réel en cours de test qui ne se bloquaient pas ou ne se terminaient " +"pas comme prévu." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Since Linux 2.6.25, there are other techniques for dealing with runaway real-" +"time and deadline processes. One of these is to use the B<RLIMIT_RTTIME> " +"resource limit to set a ceiling on the CPU time that a real-time process may " +"consume. See B<getrlimit>(2) for details." +msgstr "" +"Depuis Linux 2.6.25, il existe d'autres techniques pour traiter le cas des " +"processus temps réel et à échéances qui sont hors de contrôle. L'une de ces " +"techniques consiste à utiliser la limite de ressources B<RLIMIT_RTTIME> pour " +"définir la limite du temps CPU qu'un processus temps réel a le droit de " +"consommer. Consultez B<getrlimit>(2) pour plus de détails." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Since version 2.6.25, Linux also provides two I</proc> files that can be " +#| "used to reserve a certain amount of CPU time to be used by non-real-time " +#| "processes. Reserving CPU time in this fashion allows some CPU time to be " +#| "allocated to (say) a root shell that can be used to kill a runaway " +#| "process. Both of these files specify time values in microseconds:" +msgid "" +"Since Linux 2.6.25, Linux also provides two I</proc> files that can be used " +"to reserve a certain amount of CPU time to be used by non-real-time " +"processes. Reserving CPU time in this fashion allows some CPU time to be " +"allocated to (say) a root shell that can be used to kill a runaway process. " +"Both of these files specify time values in microseconds:" +msgstr "" +"Depuis la version 2.6.25, Linux propose également deux fichiers I</proc> qui " +"peuvent être utilisés pour réserver une certaine quantité de temps CPU aux " +"processus non temps réel. La réservation de temps CPU par ce moyen permet " +"d'allouer du temps CPU, par exemple, à un shell administrateur pour qu'il " +"puisse exécuter une commande kill sur un processus hors de contrôle. Ces " +"deux fichiers définissent des valeurs exprimées en microseconde :" + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_period_us>" +msgstr "I</proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_period_us>" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"This file specifies a scheduling period that is equivalent to 100% CPU " +"bandwidth. The value in this file can range from 1 to B<INT_MAX>, giving an " +"operating range of 1 microsecond to around 35 minutes. The default value in " +"this file is 1,000,000 (1 second)." +msgstr "" +"Ce fichier définit une période d'ordonnancement correspondant à 100 % de la " +"bande passante du CPU. La valeur contenue dans ce fichier peut aller de 1 à " +"B<INT_MAX>, soit une durée allant de 1 microseconde à environ 35 minutes. La " +"valeur par défaut contenue dans ce fichier est 1 000 000 (1 seconde)." + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_runtime_us>" +msgstr "I</proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_runtime_us>" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The value in this file specifies how much of the \"period\" time can be " +#| "used by all real-time and deadline scheduled processes on the system. " +#| "The value in this file can range from -1 to B<INT_MAX>-1. Specifying -1 " +#| "makes the run time the same as the period; that is, no CPU time is set " +#| "aside for non-real-time processes (which was the Linux behavior before " +#| "kernel 2.6.25). The default value in this file is 950,000 (0.95 " +#| "seconds), meaning that 5% of the CPU time is reserved for processes that " +#| "don't run under a real-time or deadline scheduling policy." +msgid "" +"The value in this file specifies how much of the \"period\" time can be used " +"by all real-time and deadline scheduled processes on the system. The value " +"in this file can range from -1 to B<INT_MAX>-1. Specifying -1 makes the run " +"time the same as the period; that is, no CPU time is set aside for non-real-" +"time processes (which was the behavior before Linux 2.6.25). The default " +"value in this file is 950,000 (0.95 seconds), meaning that 5% of the CPU " +"time is reserved for processes that don't run under a real-time or deadline " +"scheduling policy." +msgstr "" +"La valeur contenue dans ce fichier définit quelle part d'une « période » " +"peut être utilisée par des processus temps réel et à échéances. La valeur " +"contenue dans ce fichier peut aller de −1 à B<INT_MAX> −1. −1 fixe un temps " +"d'exécution égal à la période, c'est à dire qu'aucun temps CPU n'est réservé " +"pour les processus non temps réel (ce qui correspond au comportement de " +"Linux avant la version 2.6.25 du noyau). La valeur par défaut contenue dans " +"ce fichier est 950 000 (0,95 seconde), ce qui signifie que 5 % du temps CPU " +"est réservé aux processus qui ne s'exécutent pas selon une politique " +"d'ordonnancement temps réel ou à échéances." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Response time" +msgstr "Temps de réponse" + +#. as described in +#. .BR request_irq (9). +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A blocked high priority thread waiting for I/O has a certain response time " +"before it is scheduled again. The device driver writer can greatly reduce " +"this response time by using a \"slow interrupt\" interrupt handler." +msgstr "" +"Un thread de haute priorité bloqué en attente d'entrées-sorties est affecté " +"d'un certain temps de réponse avant d'être sélectionné à nouveau. Le " +"concepteur d'un gestionnaire de périphérique peut réduire grandement ce " +"temps de réponse en utilisant un gestionnaire d'interruptions « lentes »." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Miscellaneous" +msgstr "Divers" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Child processes inherit the scheduling policy and parameters across a " +"B<fork>(2). The scheduling policy and parameters are preserved across " +"B<execve>(2)." +msgstr "" +"Les processus enfant héritent de la politique d'ordonnancement et des " +"paramètres associés lors d'un B<fork>(2). La politique et les paramètres " +"d'ordonnancement sont conservés au travers d'un B<execve>(2)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Memory locking is usually needed for real-time processes to avoid paging " +"delays; this can be done with B<mlock>(2) or B<mlockall>(2)." +msgstr "" +"Le verrouillage de pages en mémoire est généralement nécessaire pour les " +"processus temps réel afin d'éviter les délais de pagination ; cela peut être " +"effectué avec B<mlock>(2) ou B<mlockall>(2)." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "The autogroup feature" +msgstr "Fonctionnalité d’autogroupage" + +#. commit 5091faa449ee0b7d73bc296a93bca9540fc51d0a +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Since Linux 2.6.38, the kernel provides a feature known as autogrouping to " +"improve interactive desktop performance in the face of multiprocess, CPU-" +"intensive workloads such as building the Linux kernel with large numbers of " +"parallel build processes (i.e., the B<make>(1) B<-j> flag)." +msgstr "" +"Depuis Linux 2.6.38, le noyau fournit une fonctionnalité connue comme " +"l’autogroupage pour améliorer les performances des bureaux interactifs " +"confrontés à des charges de travail multiprocessus utilisant énormément le " +"CPU telles que la construction du noyau Linux avec un grand nombre de " +"processus de construction en parallèle (c’est-à-dire l’indicateur B<-j> de " +"B<make>(1))." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"This feature operates in conjunction with the CFS scheduler and requires a " +"kernel that is configured with B<CONFIG_SCHED_AUTOGROUP>. On a running " +"system, this feature is enabled or disabled via the file I</proc/sys/kernel/" +"sched_autogroup_enabled>; a value of 0 disables the feature, while a value " +"of 1 enables it. The default value in this file is 1, unless the kernel was " +"booted with the I<noautogroup> parameter." +msgstr "" +"Cette fonction opère en conjonction avec l’ordonnancement CFS et nécessite " +"un noyau configuré avec B<CONFIG_SCHED_AUTOGROUP>. Sur un système en cours " +"d’exécution, cette fonctionnalité est activée ou désactivée à l’aide du " +"fichier I</proc/sys/kernel/sched_autogroup_enabled>. Une valeur 0 désactive " +"cette fonctionnalité tandis qu’une valeur 1 l’active. La valeur par défaut " +"dans ce fichier est 1 à moins que le noyau ait été amorcé avec le paramètre " +"I<noautogroup>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A new autogroup is created when a new session is created via B<setsid>(2); " +"this happens, for example, when a new terminal window is started. A new " +"process created by B<fork>(2) inherits its parent's autogroup membership. " +"Thus, all of the processes in a session are members of the same autogroup. " +"An autogroup is automatically destroyed when the last process in the group " +"terminates." +msgstr "" +"Un nouvel autogroupe est créé quand une nouvelle session est créée à l’aide " +"de B<setsid>(2). Cela se produit, par exemple, quand une nouvelle fenêtre de " +"terminal est démarrée. Un nouveau processus créé par B<fork>(2) hérite de " +"l’appartenance d’autogroupe de son parent. Par conséquent, tous les " +"processus dans une session sont membres du même autogroupe. Un autogroupe " +"est automatiquement détruit quand le dernier processus du groupe se termine." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"When autogrouping is enabled, all of the members of an autogroup are placed " +"in the same kernel scheduler \"task group\". The CFS scheduler employs an " +"algorithm that equalizes the distribution of CPU cycles across task groups. " +"The benefits of this for interactive desktop performance can be described " +"via the following example." +msgstr "" +"Lorsque l’autogroupage est activé, tous les membres d’un autogroupe sont " +"placés dans le même ordonnanceur « groupe de tâches » du noyau. " +"L’ordonnanceur CFS emploie un algorithme qui égalise la distribution des " +"cycles du CPU entre les groupes de tâches. Le bénéfice qui en découle pour " +"la performance de bureau interactif peut être décrit à l’aide de l’exemple " +"qui suit." + +#. Mike Galbraith, 25 Nov 2016: +#. I'd say something more wishy-washy here, like cycles are +#. distributed fairly across groups and leave it at that, as your +#. detailed example is incorrect due to SMP fairness (which I don't +#. like much because [very unlikely] worst case scenario +#. renders a box sized group incapable of utilizing more that +#. a single CPU total). For example, if a group of NR_CPUS +#. size competes with a singleton, load balancing will try to give +#. the singleton a full CPU of its very own. If groups intersect for +#. whatever reason on say my quad lappy, distribution is 80/20 in +#. favor of the singleton. +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Suppose that there are two autogroups competing for the same CPU (i.e., " +#| "presume either a single CPU system or the use of B<taskset>(1) to " +#| "confine all the processes to the same CPU on an SMP system). The first " +#| "group contains ten CPU-bound processes from a kernel build started with " +#| "I<make\\ -j10>. The other contains a single CPU-bound process: a video " +#| "player. The effect of autogrouping is that the two groups will each " +#| "receive half of the CPU cycles. That is, the video player will receive " +#| "50% of the CPU cycles, rather than just 9% of the cycles, which would " +#| "likely lead to degraded video playback. The situation on an SMP system " +#| "is more complex, but the general effect is the same: the scheduler " +#| "distributes CPU cycles across task groups such that an autogroup that " +#| "contains a large number of CPU-bound processes does not end up hogging " +#| "CPU cycles at the expense of the other jobs on the system." +msgid "" +"Suppose that there are two autogroups competing for the same CPU (i.e., " +"presume either a single CPU system or the use of B<taskset>(1) to confine " +"all the processes to the same CPU on an SMP system). The first group " +"contains ten CPU-bound processes from a kernel build started with I<make\\~-" +"j10>. The other contains a single CPU-bound process: a video player. The " +"effect of autogrouping is that the two groups will each receive half of the " +"CPU cycles. That is, the video player will receive 50% of the CPU cycles, " +"rather than just 9% of the cycles, which would likely lead to degraded video " +"playback. The situation on an SMP system is more complex, but the general " +"effect is the same: the scheduler distributes CPU cycles across task groups " +"such that an autogroup that contains a large number of CPU-bound processes " +"does not end up hogging CPU cycles at the expense of the other jobs on the " +"system." +msgstr "" +"Supposons qu’il existe deux autogroupes en compétition pour le même CPU " +"(c’est-à-dire soit un système avec un seul CPU, soit l’utilisation de " +"B<taskset>(1) pour confiner tous les processus sur le même CPU sur un " +"système SMP). Le premier groupe contient dix processus liés à un CPU d’une " +"construction de noyau démarrée avec I<make\\ -j10>. L’autre groupe contient " +"un seul processus lié à un CPU : un lecteur vidéo. Le résultat de " +"l’autogroupage est que les deux groupes recevront chacun la moitié des " +"cycles CPU. C’est-à-dire que le lecteur vidéo recevra 50 % des cycles CPU, " +"plutôt que seulement 9 % des cycles, ce qui conduirait probablement à une " +"lecture vidéo dégradée. La situation sur le système SMP est plus complexe, " +"mais l’effet général est le même : l’ordonnanceur répartit les cycles CPU " +"dans les groupes de tâches de telle façon qu’un autogroupe contenant un " +"grand nombre de processus liés à un CPU n’aboutisse pas à un accaparement " +"des cycles CPU au détriment des autres travaux dans le système." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "A process's autogroup (task group) membership can be viewed via the file " +#| "I</proc/[pid]/autogroup>:" +msgid "" +"A process's autogroup (task group) membership can be viewed via the file I</" +"proc/>pidI</autogroup>:" +msgstr "" +"L’appartenance à un autogroupe de processus (groupe de tâches) peut être vue " +"dans le fichier I</proc/[pid]/autogroup>:" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"$ B<cat /proc/1/autogroup>\n" +"/autogroup-1 nice 0\n" +msgstr "" +"$ B<cat /proc/1/autogroup>\n" +"/autogroup-1 nice 0\n" + +# +#. FIXME . +#. Because of a bug introduced in Linux 4.7 +#. (commit 2159197d66770ec01f75c93fb11dc66df81fd45b made changes +#. that exposed the fact that autogroup didn't call scale_load()), +#. it happened that *all* values in this range caused a task group +#. to be further disfavored by the scheduler, with \-20 resulting +#. in the scheduler mildly disfavoring the task group and +19 greatly +#. disfavoring it. +#. A patch was posted on 23 Nov 2016 +#. ("sched/autogroup: Fix 64bit kernel nice adjustment"; +#. check later to see in which kernel version it lands. +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"This file can also be used to modify the CPU bandwidth allocated to an " +"autogroup. This is done by writing a number in the \"nice\" range to the " +"file to set the autogroup's nice value. The allowed range is from +19 (low " +"priority) to -20 (high priority). (Writing values outside of this range " +"causes B<write>(2) to fail with the error B<EINVAL>.)" +msgstr "" +"Ce fichier peut aussi être utilisé pour modifier la bande passante de CPU " +"allouée à un autogroupe. Cela peut être réalisé en écrivant un nombre dans " +"le champ « nice » du fichier pour définir la valeur de politesse de " +"l’autogroupe. L’intervalle autorisé va de +19 (priorité basse) à -20 " +"(priorité haute). L’écriture d’une valeur en dehors de cet intervalle " +"provoquera l’échec de B<write>(2) avec l’erreur B<EINVAL>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The autogroup nice setting has the same meaning as the process nice value, " +"but applies to distribution of CPU cycles to the autogroup as a whole, based " +"on the relative nice values of other autogroups. For a process inside an " +"autogroup, the CPU cycles that it receives will be a product of the " +"autogroup's nice value (compared to other autogroups) and the process's " +"nice value (compared to other processes in the same autogroup." +msgstr "" +"Le réglage de la politesse de l’autogroupe a la même acception que la valeur " +"de politesse du processus, mais s’applique à la répartition des cycles CPU à " +"un autogroupe dans son ensemble, basée sur les valeurs relatives de " +"politesse des autres autogroupes. Pour un processus dans un autogroupe, les " +"cycles CPU qu’il reçoit sont déduits de la valeur de politesse de " +"l’autogroupe (comparée aux autres autogroupes) et de la valeur de politesse " +"du processus (comparée aux autres processus dans le même autogroupe)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The use of the B<cgroups>(7) CPU controller to place processes in cgroups " +"other than the root CPU cgroup overrides the effect of autogrouping." +msgstr "" +"L’utilisation du contrôleur de CPU B<cgroups>(7) pour placer les processus " +"dans des cgroups autres que le cgroup racine du CPU contourne l’effet de " +"l’autogroupage." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The autogroup feature groups only processes scheduled under non-real-time " +"policies (B<SCHED_OTHER>, B<SCHED_BATCH>, and B<SCHED_IDLE>). It does not " +"group processes scheduled under real-time and deadline policies. Those " +"processes are scheduled according to the rules described earlier." +msgstr "" +"La fonctionnalité d’autogroupage groupe seulement les processus ordonnancés " +"selon des politiques non temps réel (B<SCHED_OTHER>, B<SCHED_BATCH> et " +"B<SCHED_IDLE>). Elle ne groupe pas les processus ordonnancés selon les " +"politiques temps réel et à échéances. Ceux-ci sont ordonnancés selon les " +"règles décrites ci-dessus." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "The nice value and group scheduling" +msgstr "Valeur de politesse et ordonnancement de groupe" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"When scheduling non-real-time processes (i.e., those scheduled under the " +"B<SCHED_OTHER>, B<SCHED_BATCH>, and B<SCHED_IDLE> policies), the CFS " +"scheduler employs a technique known as \"group scheduling\", if the kernel " +"was configured with the B<CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED> option (which is typical)." +msgstr "" +"Lors de l’ordonnancement de processus non temps réel (c’est-à-dire ceux " +"ordonnancés selon les politiques B<SCHED_OTHER>, B<SCHED_BATCH> et " +"B<SCHED_IDLE>), L’ordonnanceur CFS emploie une technique connue comme " +"« ordonnancement de groupe » (group scheduling) si le noyau a été configuré " +"avec l’option B<CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED> (ce qui est typique)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Under group scheduling, threads are scheduled in \"task groups\". Task " +"groups have a hierarchical relationship, rooted under the initial task group " +"on the system, known as the \"root task group\". Task groups are formed in " +"the following circumstances:" +msgstr "" +"Avec l’ordonnancement de groupe, les threads sont ordonnancés dans des " +"« groupes de tâches ». Celles-ci ont une relation hiérarchique, avec comme " +"racine le groupe de tâches initial du système connu comme « groupe de tâches " +"racine » (root task group). Les groupes de tâches sont constitués dans les " +"circonstances suivantes :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"All of the threads in a CPU cgroup form a task group. The parent of this " +"task group is the task group of the corresponding parent cgroup." +msgstr "" +"Tous les threads dans un cgroup du CPU forment un groupe de tâches. Le " +"parent de ce groupe de tâches est le groupe de tâches du cgroup parent " +"correspondant." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"If autogrouping is enabled, then all of the threads that are (implicitly) " +"placed in an autogroup (i.e., the same session, as created by B<setsid>(2)) " +"form a task group. Each new autogroup is thus a separate task group. The " +"root task group is the parent of all such autogroups." +msgstr "" +"Si l’autogroupage est activé, alors tous les threads qui sont " +"(implicitement) placés dans un autogroupe (c’est-à-dire la même session, " +"telle que créée par B<setsid>(2)) forment un groupe de tâches. Chaque nouvel " +"autogroupe est par conséquent un groupe de tâches distinct. Le groupe de " +"tâches racine est le parent de tous les autogroupes de ce type." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"If autogrouping is enabled, then the root task group consists of all " +"processes in the root CPU cgroup that were not otherwise implicitly placed " +"into a new autogroup." +msgstr "" +"Si l’autogroupage est activé, alors le groupe de tâches racine se compose de " +"tous les processus dans le cgroup racine du CPU qui n’étaient pas par " +"ailleurs placés implicitement dans un nouvel autogroupe." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"If autogrouping is disabled, then the root task group consists of all " +"processes in the root CPU cgroup." +msgstr "" +"Si l’autogroupage est désactivé, alors le groupe de tâches racine est " +"constitué de tous les processus dans le cgroup racine du CPU." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"If group scheduling was disabled (i.e., the kernel was configured without " +"B<CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED>), then all of the processes on the system are " +"notionally placed in a single task group." +msgstr "" +"Si l’ordonnancement de groupe a été désactivé (c’est-à-dire que le noyau a " +"été configuré sans B<CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED>), alors tous les processus du " +"système sont en théorie placés dans un groupe de tâches unique." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Under group scheduling, a thread's nice value has an effect for scheduling " +"decisions I<only relative to other threads in the same task group>. This " +"has some surprising consequences in terms of the traditional semantics of " +"the nice value on UNIX systems. In particular, if autogrouping is enabled " +"(which is the default in various distributions), then employing " +"B<setpriority>(2) or B<nice>(1) on a process has an effect only for " +"scheduling relative to other processes executed in the same session " +"(typically: the same terminal window)." +msgstr "" +"Avec l’ordonnancement de groupe, une valeur de politesse de thread a un " +"effet sur les décisions d’ordonnancement I<seulement relatives aux autres " +"threads dans le même groupe de tâches>. Cela a quelques conséquences " +"surprenantes en terme de sémantique traditionnelle de la valeur de politesse " +"sur les systèmes UNIX. En particulier, si l’autogroupage est activé (par " +"défaut dans diverses distributions), alors l’emploi de B<setpriority>(2) ou " +"B<nice>(1) sur un processus a un effet seulement sur l’ordonnancement " +"concernant les autres processus exécutés dans la même session " +"(classiquement : la même fenêtre de terminal)." + +#. More succinctly: the nice(1) command is in many cases a no-op since +#. Linux 2.6.38. +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Conversely, for two processes that are (for example) the sole CPU-bound " +"processes in different sessions (e.g., different terminal windows, each of " +"whose jobs are tied to different autogroups), I<modifying the nice value of " +"the process in one of the sessions> I<has no effect> in terms of the " +"scheduler's decisions relative to the process in the other session. A " +"possibly useful workaround here is to use a command such as the following to " +"modify the autogroup nice value for I<all> of the processes in a terminal " +"session:" +msgstr "" +"Inversement, pour deux processus qui sont (par exemple) les seuls processus " +"liés à un CPU dans différentes sessions (par exemple, des fenêtres " +"distinctes de terminal, chacune des tâches étant liée à un autogroupe " +"distinct), I<modifier la valeur de politesse du processus d’une des " +"sessions> I<n’a pas d’effet> en terme de décision d’ordonnancement relative " +"au processus dans l’autre session. Un contournement utile possible consiste " +"à utiliser une commande telle que la suivante pour modifier la valeur de " +"politesse de l’autogroupe pour I<tous> les processus dans une session de " +"terminal :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "$ B<echo 10 E<gt> /proc/self/autogroup>\n" +msgstr "$ B<echo 10 E<gt> /proc/self/autogroup>\n" + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Real-time features in the mainline Linux kernel" +msgstr "Fonctionnalités temps réel dans le noyau Linux principal" + +#. FIXME . Probably this text will need some minor tweaking +#. ask Carsten Emde about this. +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Since kernel version 2.6.18, Linux is gradually becoming equipped with " +#| "real-time capabilities, most of which are derived from the former " +#| "I<realtime-preempt> patch set. Until the patches have been completely " +#| "merged into the mainline kernel, they must be installed to achieve the " +#| "best real-time performance. These patches are named:" +msgid "" +"Since Linux 2.6.18, Linux is gradually becoming equipped with real-time " +"capabilities, most of which are derived from the former I<realtime-preempt> " +"patch set. Until the patches have been completely merged into the mainline " +"kernel, they must be installed to achieve the best real-time performance. " +"These patches are named:" +msgstr "" +"Depuis le noyau 2.6.18, Linux a été graduellement pourvu de capacités temps " +"réel, la plupart étant dérivées de l’ancien ensemble de greffons I<realtime-" +"preempt>. Jusqu'à ce que ces greffons aient été entièrement fusionnés dans " +"le noyau principal, ils devront être installés pour atteindre les meilleures " +"performances temps réel. Ces greffons s'appellent :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "patch-I<kernelversion>-rtI<patchversion>\n" +msgstr "patch-I<version-noyau>-rtI<version-greffon>\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"and can be downloaded from E<.UR http://www.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/" +"kernel\\:/projects\\:/rt/> E<.UE .>" +msgstr "" +"et peuvent être téléchargés à partir de E<.UR http://www.kernel.org\\:/" +"pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/projects\\:/rt/> E<.UE .>" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Without the patches and prior to their full inclusion into the mainline " +"kernel, the kernel configuration offers only the three preemption classes " +"B<CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE>, B<CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY>, and " +"B<CONFIG_PREEMPT_DESKTOP> which respectively provide no, some, and " +"considerable reduction of the worst-case scheduling latency." +msgstr "" +"Sans les greffons et avant leur complète inclusion dans le noyau principal, " +"la configuration du noyau n'offre que trois classes de préemption " +"B<CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE>, B<CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY> et " +"B<CONFIG_PREEMPT_DESKTOP> qui fournissent respectivement « aucune », " +"« quelque » et une « considérable » réduction de la pire latence " +"d'ordonnancement." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"With the patches applied or after their full inclusion into the mainline " +"kernel, the additional configuration item B<CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT> becomes " +"available. If this is selected, Linux is transformed into a regular real-" +"time operating system. The FIFO and RR scheduling policies are then used to " +"run a thread with true real-time priority and a minimum worst-case " +"scheduling latency." +msgstr "" +"Avec les greffons appliqués ou après leur pleine inclusion dans le noyau " +"principal, la configuration supplémentaire B<CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT> devient " +"disponible. Si elle est choisie, Linux est transformé en un système " +"d'exploitation temps réel ordinaire. Les politiques d'ordonnancement FIFO et " +"RR sont alors utilisées pour lancer un thread avec une vraie priorité temps " +"réel et une latence minimale d'ordonnancement de pire cas." + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "NOTES" +msgstr "NOTES" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The B<cgroups>(7) CPU controller can be used to limit the CPU consumption " +"of groups of processes." +msgstr "" +"Le contrôleur B<cgroups>(7) de CPU peut être utilisé pour limiter la " +"consommation de CPU par les groupes de processus." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Originally, Standard Linux was intended as a general-purpose operating " +#| "system being able to handle background processes, interactive " +#| "applications, and less demanding real-time applications (applications " +#| "that need to usually meet timing deadlines). Although the Linux kernel " +#| "2.6 allowed for kernel preemption and the newly introduced O(1) scheduler " +#| "ensures that the time needed to schedule is fixed and deterministic " +#| "irrespective of the number of active tasks, true real-time computing was " +#| "not possible up to kernel version 2.6.17." +msgid "" +"Originally, Standard Linux was intended as a general-purpose operating " +"system being able to handle background processes, interactive applications, " +"and less demanding real-time applications (applications that need to usually " +"meet timing deadlines). Although the Linux 2.6 allowed for kernel " +"preemption and the newly introduced O(1) scheduler ensures that the time " +"needed to schedule is fixed and deterministic irrespective of the number of " +"active tasks, true real-time computing was not possible up to Linux 2.6.17." +msgstr "" +"À l'origine, le noyau Linux standard visait un système d'exploitation à " +"vocation généraliste, devant gérer des processus en arrière-plan, des " +"applications interactives et des applications en temps réel souples (qui ont " +"besoin en général de répondre à des critères de temps maximal). Bien que le " +"noyau Linux 2.6 ait permis la préemption par le noyau et que l'ordonnanceur " +"O(1), nouvellement introduit, assure que le temps nécessaire pour planifier " +"soit fixé et déterministe quel que soit le nombre de tâches, une vraie " +"gestion temps réel n'était pas possible avant le noyau 2.6.17." + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "SEE ALSO" +msgstr "VOIR AUSSI" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"B<chcpu>(1), B<chrt>(1), B<lscpu>(1), B<ps>(1), B<taskset>(1), B<top>(1), " +"B<getpriority>(2), B<mlock>(2), B<mlockall>(2), B<munlock>(2), " +"B<munlockall>(2), B<nice>(2), B<sched_get_priority_max>(2), " +"B<sched_get_priority_min>(2), B<sched_getaffinity>(2), B<sched_getparam>(2), " +"B<sched_getscheduler>(2), B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2), " +"B<sched_setaffinity>(2), B<sched_setparam>(2), B<sched_setscheduler>(2), " +"B<sched_yield>(2), B<setpriority>(2), B<pthread_getaffinity_np>(3), " +"B<pthread_getschedparam>(3), B<pthread_setaffinity_np>(3), " +"B<sched_getcpu>(3), B<capabilities>(7), B<cpuset>(7)" +msgstr "" +"B<chcpu>(1), B<chrt>(1), B<lscpu>(1), B<ps>(1), B<taskset>(1), B<top>(1), " +"B<getpriority>(2), B<mlock>(2), B<mlockall>(2), B<munlock>(2), " +"B<munlockall>(2), B<nice>(2), B<sched_get_priority_max>(2), " +"B<sched_get_priority_min>(2), B<sched_getaffinity>(2), B<sched_getparam>(2), " +"B<sched_getscheduler>(2), B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2), " +"B<sched_setaffinity>(2), B<sched_setparam>(2), B<sched_setscheduler>(2), " +"B<sched_yield>(2), B<setpriority>(2), B<pthread_getaffinity_np>(3), " +"B<pthread_getschedparam>(3), B<pthread_setaffinity_np>(3), " +"B<sched_getcpu>(3), B<capabilities>(7), B<cpuset>(7)" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"I<Programming for the real world - POSIX.4> by Bill O.\\& Gallmeister, " +"O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., ISBN 1-56592-074-0." +msgstr "" +"I<Programming for the real world – POSIX.4> de Bill O.\\& Gallmeister, " +"O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., ISBN 1-56592-074-0." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The Linux kernel source files I<Documentation/scheduler/sched-deadline." +#| "txt>, I<Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt>, I<Documentation/" +#| "scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt>, and I<Documentation/scheduler/sched-nice-" +#| "design.txt>" +msgid "" +"The Linux kernel source files I<\\%Documentation/\\:scheduler/\\:sched-" +"deadline\\:.txt>, I<\\%Documentation/\\:scheduler/\\:sched-rt-group\\:.txt>, " +"I<\\%Documentation/\\:scheduler/\\:sched-design-CFS\\:.txt>, and I<\\" +"%Documentation/\\:scheduler/\\:sched-nice-design\\:.txt>" +msgstr "" +"Les fichiers source du noyau Linux I<Documentation/scheduler/sched-deadline." +"txt>, I<Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt>, I<Documentation/" +"scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt> et I<Documentation/scheduler/sched-nice-" +"design.txt>" + +#. type: TH +#: debian-bookworm debian-unstable opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "2023-02-10" +msgstr "10 février 2023" + +#. type: TH +#: debian-bookworm +#, no-wrap +msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03" +msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.03" + +#. type: TH +#: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Linux man-pages 6.05.01" +msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.05.01" + +#. type: TH +#: opensuse-leap-15-6 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04" +msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.04" |