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diff --git a/templates/man7/symlink.7.pot b/templates/man7/symlink.7.pot new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6cb1ac14 --- /dev/null +++ b/templates/man7/symlink.7.pot @@ -0,0 +1,826 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE +# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. +# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package. +# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-01 17:09+0100\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" +"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" +"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n" +"Language: \n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" + +#. type: TH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "symlink" +msgstr "" + +#. type: TH +#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron +#, no-wrap +msgid "2023-10-31" +msgstr "" + +#. type: TH +#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron +#, no-wrap +msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06" +msgstr "" + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "NAME" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "symlink - symbolic link handling" +msgstr "" + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "DESCRIPTION" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Symbolic links are files that act as pointers to other files. To understand " +"their behavior, you must first understand how hard links work." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A hard link to a file is indistinguishable from the original file because it " +"is a reference to the object underlying the original filename. (To be " +"precise: each of the hard links to a file is a reference to the same I<inode " +"number>, where an inode number is an index into the inode table, which " +"contains metadata about all files on a filesystem. See B<stat>(2).) " +"Changes to a file are independent of the name used to reference the file. " +"Hard links may not refer to directories (to prevent the possibility of loops " +"within the filesystem tree, which would confuse many programs) and may not " +"refer to files on different filesystems (because inode numbers are not " +"unique across filesystems)." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A symbolic link is a special type of file whose contents are a string that " +"is the pathname of another file, the file to which the link refers. (The " +"contents of a symbolic link can be read using B<readlink>(2).) In other " +"words, a symbolic link is a pointer to another name, and not to an " +"underlying object. For this reason, symbolic links may refer to directories " +"and may cross filesystem boundaries." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"There is no requirement that the pathname referred to by a symbolic link " +"should exist. A symbolic link that refers to a pathname that does not exist " +"is said to be a I<dangling link>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Because a symbolic link and its referenced object coexist in the filesystem " +"name space, confusion can arise in distinguishing between the link itself " +"and the referenced object. On historical systems, commands and system calls " +"adopted their own link-following conventions in a somewhat ad-hoc fashion. " +"Rules for a more uniform approach, as they are implemented on Linux and " +"other systems, are outlined here. It is important that site-local " +"applications also conform to these rules, so that the user interface can be " +"as consistent as possible." +msgstr "" + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Magic links" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron +#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"There is a special class of symbolic-link-like objects known as \"magic " +"links\", which can be found in certain pseudofilesystems such as B<proc>(5) " +"(examples include I</proc/>pidI</exe> and I</proc/>pidI</fd/>*). Unlike " +"normal symbolic links, magic links are not resolved through pathname-" +"expansion, but instead act as direct references to the kernel's own " +"representation of a file handle. As such, these magic links allow users to " +"access files which cannot be referenced with normal paths (such as unlinked " +"files still referenced by a running program )." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Because they can bypass ordinary B<mount_namespaces>(7)-based restrictions, " +"magic links have been used as attack vectors in various exploits." +msgstr "" + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Symbolic link ownership, permissions, and timestamps" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron +#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The owner and group of an existing symbolic link can be changed using " +"B<lchown>(2). The ownership of a symbolic link matters when the link is " +"being removed or renamed in a directory that has the sticky bit set (see " +"B<inode>(7)), and when the I<fs.protected_symlinks> sysctl is set (see " +"B<proc>(5))." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The last access and last modification timestamps of a symbolic link can be " +"changed using B<utimensat>(2) or B<lutimes>(3)." +msgstr "" + +#. Linux does not currently implement an lchmod(2). +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"On Linux, the permissions of an ordinary symbolic link are not used in any " +"operations; the permissions are always 0777 (read, write, and execute for " +"all user categories), and can't be changed." +msgstr "" + +#. #-#-#-#-# archlinux: symlink.7.pot (PACKAGE VERSION) #-#-#-#-# +#. .P +#. The +#. 4.4BSD +#. system differs from historical +#. 4BSD +#. systems in that the system call +#. .BR chown (2) +#. has been changed to follow symbolic links. +#. The +#. .BR lchown (2) +#. system call was added later when the limitations of the new +#. .BR chown (2) +#. became apparent. +#. type: Plain text +#. #-#-#-#-# debian-bookworm: symlink.7.pot (PACKAGE VERSION) #-#-#-#-# +#. .PP +#. The +#. 4.4BSD +#. system differs from historical +#. 4BSD +#. systems in that the system call +#. .BR chown (2) +#. has been changed to follow symbolic links. +#. The +#. .BR lchown (2) +#. system call was added later when the limitations of the new +#. .BR chown (2) +#. became apparent. +#. type: Plain text +#. #-#-#-#-# debian-unstable: symlink.7.pot (PACKAGE VERSION) #-#-#-#-# +#. .PP +#. The +#. 4.4BSD +#. system differs from historical +#. 4BSD +#. systems in that the system call +#. .BR chown (2) +#. has been changed to follow symbolic links. +#. The +#. .BR lchown (2) +#. system call was added later when the limitations of the new +#. .BR chown (2) +#. became apparent. +#. type: Plain text +#. #-#-#-#-# fedora-40: symlink.7.pot (PACKAGE VERSION) #-#-#-#-# +#. .P +#. The +#. 4.4BSD +#. system differs from historical +#. 4BSD +#. systems in that the system call +#. .BR chown (2) +#. has been changed to follow symbolic links. +#. The +#. .BR lchown (2) +#. system call was added later when the limitations of the new +#. .BR chown (2) +#. became apparent. +#. type: Plain text +#. #-#-#-#-# fedora-rawhide: symlink.7.pot (PACKAGE VERSION) #-#-#-#-# +#. .P +#. The +#. 4.4BSD +#. system differs from historical +#. 4BSD +#. systems in that the system call +#. .BR chown (2) +#. has been changed to follow symbolic links. +#. The +#. .BR lchown (2) +#. system call was added later when the limitations of the new +#. .BR chown (2) +#. became apparent. +#. type: Plain text +#. #-#-#-#-# mageia-cauldron: symlink.7.pot (PACKAGE VERSION) #-#-#-#-# +#. .P +#. The +#. 4.4BSD +#. system differs from historical +#. 4BSD +#. systems in that the system call +#. .BR chown (2) +#. has been changed to follow symbolic links. +#. The +#. .BR lchown (2) +#. system call was added later when the limitations of the new +#. .BR chown (2) +#. became apparent. +#. type: Plain text +#. #-#-#-#-# opensuse-leap-15-6: symlink.7.pot (PACKAGE VERSION) #-#-#-#-# +#. .PP +#. The +#. 4.4BSD +#. system differs from historical +#. 4BSD +#. systems in that the system call +#. .BR chown (2) +#. has been changed to follow symbolic links. +#. The +#. .BR lchown (2) +#. system call was added later when the limitations of the new +#. .BR chown (2) +#. became apparent. +#. type: Plain text +#. #-#-#-#-# opensuse-tumbleweed: symlink.7.pot (PACKAGE VERSION) #-#-#-#-# +#. .PP +#. The +#. 4.4BSD +#. system differs from historical +#. 4BSD +#. systems in that the system call +#. .BR chown (2) +#. has been changed to follow symbolic links. +#. The +#. .BR lchown (2) +#. system call was added later when the limitations of the new +#. .BR chown (2) +#. became apparent. +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"However, magic links do not follow this rule. They can have a non-0777 " +"mode, though this mode is not currently used in any permission checks." +msgstr "" + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Obtaining a file descriptor that refers to a symbolic link" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Using the combination of the B<O_PATH> and B<O_NOFOLLOW> flags to " +"B<open>(2) yields a file descriptor that can be passed as the I<dirfd> " +"argument in system calls such as B<fstatat>(2), B<fchownat>(2), " +"B<fchmodat>(2), B<linkat>(2), and B<readlinkat>(2), in order to operate on " +"the symbolic link itself (rather than the file to which it refers)." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"By default (i.e., if the B<AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW> flag is not specified), if " +"B<name_to_handle_at>(2) is applied to a symbolic link, it yields a handle " +"for the symbolic link (rather than the file to which it refers). One can " +"then obtain a file descriptor for the symbolic link (rather than the file to " +"which it refers) by specifying the B<O_PATH> flag in a subsequent call to " +"B<open_by_handle_at>(2). Again, that file descriptor can be used in the " +"aforementioned system calls to operate on the symbolic link itself." +msgstr "" + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Handling of symbolic links by system calls and commands" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Symbolic links are handled either by operating on the link itself, or by " +"operating on the object referred to by the link. In the latter case, an " +"application or system call is said to I<follow> the link. Symbolic links " +"may refer to other symbolic links, in which case the links are dereferenced " +"until an object that is not a symbolic link is found, a symbolic link that " +"refers to a file which does not exist is found, or a loop is detected. " +"(Loop detection is done by placing an upper limit on the number of links " +"that may be followed, and an error results if this limit is exceeded.)" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"There are three separate areas that need to be discussed. They are as " +"follows:" +msgstr "" + +#. type: IP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "\\[bu]" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Symbolic links used as filename arguments for system calls." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Symbolic links specified as command-line arguments to utilities that are not " +"traversing a file tree." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Symbolic links encountered by utilities that are traversing a file tree " +"(either specified on the command line or encountered as part of the file " +"hierarchy walk)." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Before describing the treatment of symbolic links by system calls and " +"commands, we require some terminology. Given a pathname of the form I<a/b/" +"c>, the part preceding the final slash (i.e., I<a/b>) is called the " +"I<dirname> component, and the part following the final slash (i.e., I<c>) " +"is called the I<basename> component." +msgstr "" + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Treatment of symbolic links in system calls" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The first area is symbolic links used as filename arguments for system calls." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The treatment of symbolic links within a pathname passed to a system call is " +"as follows:" +msgstr "" + +#. type: IP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "(1)" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Within the dirname component of a pathname, symbolic links are always " +"followed in nearly every system call. (This is also true for commands.) " +"The one exception is B<openat2>(2), which provides flags that can be used to " +"explicitly prevent following of symbolic links in the dirname component." +msgstr "" + +#. type: IP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "(2)" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Except as noted below, all system calls follow symbolic links in the " +"basename component of a pathname. For example, if there were a symbolic " +"link I<slink> which pointed to a file named I<afile>, the system call " +"I<open(\"slink\" ...\\&)> would return a file descriptor referring to the " +"file I<afile>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Various system calls do not follow links in the basename component of a " +"pathname, and operate on the symbolic link itself. They are: B<lchown>(2), " +"B<lgetxattr>(2), B<llistxattr>(2), B<lremovexattr>(2), B<lsetxattr>(2), " +"B<lstat>(2), B<readlink>(2), B<rename>(2), B<rmdir>(2), and B<unlink>(2)." +msgstr "" + +#. Maybe one day: .BR fchownat (2) +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Certain other system calls optionally follow symbolic links in the basename " +"component of a pathname. They are: B<faccessat>(2), B<fchownat>(2), " +"B<fstatat>(2), B<linkat>(2), B<name_to_handle_at>(2), B<open>(2), " +"B<openat>(2), B<open_by_handle_at>(2), and B<utimensat>(2); see their manual " +"pages for details. Because B<remove>(3) is an alias for B<unlink>(2), that " +"library function also does not follow symbolic links. When B<rmdir>(2) is " +"applied to a symbolic link, it fails with the error B<ENOTDIR>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"B<link>(2) warrants special discussion. POSIX.1-2001 specifies that " +"B<link>(2) should dereference I<oldpath> if it is a symbolic link. " +"However, Linux does not do this. (By default, Solaris is the same, but the " +"POSIX.1-2001 specified behavior can be obtained with suitable compiler " +"options.) POSIX.1-2008 changed the specification to allow either behavior " +"in an implementation." +msgstr "" + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Commands not traversing a file tree" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The second area is symbolic links, specified as command-line filename " +"arguments, to commands which are not traversing a file tree." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Except as noted below, commands follow symbolic links named as command-line " +"arguments. For example, if there were a symbolic link I<slink> which " +"pointed to a file named I<afile>, the command I<cat slink> would display the " +"contents of the file I<afile>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"It is important to realize that this rule includes commands which may " +"optionally traverse file trees; for example, the command I<chown file> is " +"included in this rule, while the command I<chown\\ -R file>, which performs " +"a tree traversal, is not. (The latter is described in the third area, " +"below.)" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"If it is explicitly intended that the command operate on the symbolic link " +"instead of following the symbolic link\\[em]for example, it is desired that " +"I<chown slink> change the ownership of the file that I<slink> is, whether it " +"is a symbolic link or not\\[em]then the I<-h> option should be used. In the " +"above example, I<chown root slink> would change the ownership of the file " +"referred to by I<slink>, while I<chown\\ -h root slink> would change the " +"ownership of I<slink> itself." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "There are some exceptions to this rule:" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The B<mv>(1) and B<rm>(1) commands do not follow symbolic links named as " +"arguments, but respectively attempt to rename and delete them. (Note, if " +"the symbolic link references a file via a relative path, moving it to " +"another directory may very well cause it to stop working, since the path may " +"no longer be correct.)" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The B<ls>(1) command is also an exception to this rule. For compatibility " +"with historic systems (when B<ls>(1) is not doing a tree walk\\[em]that is, " +"I<-R> option is not specified), the B<ls>(1) command follows symbolic links " +"named as arguments if the I<-H> or I<-L> option is specified, or if the I<-" +"F>, I<-d>, or I<-l> options are not specified. (The B<ls>(1) command is " +"the only command where the I<-H> and I<-L> options affect its behavior even " +"though it is not doing a walk of a file tree.)" +msgstr "" + +# +#. The 4.4BSD system differs from historical 4BSD systems in that the +#. .BR chown (1) +#. and +#. .BR chgrp (1) +#. commands follow symbolic links specified on the command line. +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The B<file>(1) command is also an exception to this rule. The B<file>(1) " +"command does not follow symbolic links named as argument by default. The " +"B<file>(1) command does follow symbolic links named as argument if the I<-" +"L> option is specified." +msgstr "" + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Commands traversing a file tree" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The following commands either optionally or always traverse file trees: " +"B<chgrp>(1), B<chmod>(1), B<chown>(1), B<cp>(1), B<du>(1), B<find>(1), " +"B<ls>(1), B<pax>(1), B<rm>(1), and B<tar>(1)." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"It is important to realize that the following rules apply equally to " +"symbolic links encountered during the file tree traversal and symbolic links " +"listed as command-line arguments." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The I<first rule> applies to symbolic links that reference files other than " +"directories. Operations that apply to symbolic links are performed on the " +"links themselves, but otherwise the links are ignored." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The command I<rm\\ -r slink directory> will remove I<slink>, as well as any " +"symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal of I<directory>, because " +"symbolic links may be removed. In no case will B<rm>(1) affect the file " +"referred to by I<slink>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The I<second rule> applies to symbolic links that refer to directories. " +"Symbolic links that refer to directories are never followed by default. " +"This is often referred to as a \"physical\" walk, as opposed to a " +"\"logical\" walk (where symbolic links that refer to directories are " +"followed)." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Certain conventions are (should be) followed as consistently as possible by " +"commands that perform file tree walks:" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A command can be made to follow any symbolic links named on the command " +"line, regardless of the type of file they reference, by specifying the I<-H> " +"(for \"half-logical\") flag. This flag is intended to make the command-line " +"name space look like the logical name space. (Note, for commands that do " +"not always do file tree traversals, the I<-H> flag will be ignored if the I<-" +"R> flag is not also specified.)" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"For example, the command I<chown\\ -HR user slink> will traverse the file " +"hierarchy rooted in the file pointed to by I<slink>. Note, the I<-H> is not " +"the same as the previously discussed I<-h> flag. The I<-H> flag causes " +"symbolic links specified on the command line to be dereferenced for the " +"purposes of both the action to be performed and the tree walk, and it is as " +"if the user had specified the name of the file to which the symbolic link " +"pointed." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A command can be made to follow any symbolic links named on the command " +"line, as well as any symbolic links encountered during the traversal, " +"regardless of the type of file they reference, by specifying the I<-L> (for " +"\"logical\") flag. This flag is intended to make the entire name space look " +"like the logical name space. (Note, for commands that do not always do file " +"tree traversals, the I<-L> flag will be ignored if the I<-R> flag is not " +"also specified.)" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"For example, the command I<chown\\ -LR user slink> will change the owner of " +"the file referred to by I<slink>. If I<slink> refers to a directory, " +"B<chown> will traverse the file hierarchy rooted in the directory that it " +"references. In addition, if any symbolic links are encountered in any file " +"tree that B<chown> traverses, they will be treated in the same fashion as " +"I<slink>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A command can be made to provide the default behavior by specifying the I<-" +"P> (for \"physical\") flag. This flag is intended to make the entire name " +"space look like the physical name space." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"For commands that do not by default do file tree traversals, the I<-H>, I<-" +"L>, and I<-P> flags are ignored if the I<-R> flag is not also specified. In " +"addition, you may specify the I<-H>, I<-L>, and I<-P> options more than " +"once; the last one specified determines the command's behavior. This is " +"intended to permit you to alias commands to behave one way or the other, and " +"then override that behavior on the command line." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "The B<ls>(1) and B<rm>(1) commands have exceptions to these rules:" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The B<rm>(1) command operates on the symbolic link, and not the file it " +"references, and therefore never follows a symbolic link. The B<rm>(1) " +"command does not support the I<-H>, I<-L>, or I<-P> options." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"To maintain compatibility with historic systems, the B<ls>(1) command acts " +"a little differently. If you do not specify the I<-F>, I<-d>, or I<-l> " +"options, B<ls>(1) will follow symbolic links specified on the command " +"line. If the I<-L> flag is specified, B<ls>(1) follows all symbolic links, " +"regardless of their type, whether specified on the command line or " +"encountered in the tree walk." +msgstr "" + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "SEE ALSO" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"B<chgrp>(1), B<chmod>(1), B<find>(1), B<ln>(1), B<ls>(1), B<mv>(1), " +"B<namei>(1), B<rm>(1), B<lchown>(2), B<link>(2), B<lstat>(2), " +"B<readlink>(2), B<rename>(2), B<symlink>(2), B<unlink>(2), B<utimensat>(2), " +"B<lutimes>(3), B<path_resolution>(7)" +msgstr "" + +#. type: TH +#: debian-bookworm +#, no-wrap +msgid "2023-02-05" +msgstr "" + +#. type: TH +#: debian-bookworm +#, no-wrap +msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: debian-bookworm +msgid "" +"There is a special class of symbolic-link-like objects known as \"magic " +"links\", which can be found in certain pseudofilesystems such as B<proc>(5) " +"(examples include I</proc/[pid]/exe> and I</proc/[pid]/fd/*>). Unlike " +"normal symbolic links, magic links are not resolved through pathname-" +"expansion, but instead act as direct references to the kernel's own " +"representation of a file handle. As such, these magic links allow users to " +"access files which cannot be referenced with normal paths (such as unlinked " +"files still referenced by a running program )." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: debian-bookworm +msgid "" +"The owner and group of an existing symbolic link can be changed using " +"B<lchown>(2). The only time that the ownership of a symbolic link matters " +"is when the link is being removed or renamed in a directory that has the " +"sticky bit set (see B<stat>(2))." +msgstr "" + +#. type: TH +#: debian-unstable opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "2023-04-03" +msgstr "" + +#. type: TH +#: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Linux man-pages 6.05.01" +msgstr "" + +#. type: TH +#: opensuse-leap-15-6 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04" +msgstr "" |