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+'\" t
+.TH mformat 1 "21Mar23" mtools-4.0.43
+.SH Name
+mformat - add an MSDOS filesystem to a low-level formatted floppy disk
+'\" t
+.de TQ
+.br
+.ns
+.TP \\$1
+..
+
+.tr \(is'
+.tr \(if`
+.tr \(pd"
+
+.SH Note\ of\ warning
+This manpage has been automatically generated from mtools's texinfo
+documentation, and may not be entirely accurate or complete.  See the
+end of this man page for details.
+.PP
+.SH Description
+.PP
+The \fR\&\f(CWmformat\fR command is used to add an MS-DOS file system to a
+low-level formatted diskette. Its syntax is:
+.PP
+.ft I
+.nf
+\&\fR\&\f(CWmformat\fR [\fR\&\f(CW-t\fR \fIcylinders\fR|\fR\&\f(CW-T\fR \fItot_sectors\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-h\fR \fIheads\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-s\fR \fIsectors\fR]
+  [\fR\&\f(CW-f\fR \fIsize\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-1\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-4\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-8\fR]
+  [\fR\&\f(CW-v\fR \fIvolume_label\fR]
+  [\fR\&\f(CW-F\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-S\fR \fIsizecode\fR]
+  [\fR\&\f(CW-M\fR \fIsoftware_sector_size\fR]
+  [\fR\&\f(CW-N\fR \fIserial_number\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-a\fR]
+  [\fR\&\f(CW-C\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-H\fR \fIhidden_sectors\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-I\fR \fIfsVersion\fR]
+  [\fR\&\f(CW-r\fR \fIroot_sectors\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-L\fR \fIfat_len\fR] 
+  [\fR\&\f(CW-B\fR \fIboot_sector\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-k\fR]
+  [\fR\&\f(CW-m\fR \fImedia_descriptor\fR]
+  [\fR\&\f(CW-K\fR \fIbackup_boot\fR]
+  [\fR\&\f(CW-R\fR \fInb_reserved_sectors\fR]
+  [\fR\&\f(CW-c\fR \fIclusters_per_sector\fR]
+  [\fR\&\f(CW-d\fR \fIfat_copies\fR]
+  [\fR\&\f(CW-X\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-2\fR \fIsectors_on_track_0\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-3\fR]
+  [\fR\&\f(CW-0\fR \fIrate_on_track_0\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-A\fR \fIrate_on_other_tracks\fR]
+  \fIdrive:\fR
+.fi
+.ft R
+ 
+.PP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWMformat\fR adds a minimal MS-DOS file system (boot sector, FAT, and
+root directory) to a diskette that has already been formatted by a Unix
+low-level format.
+.PP
+The following options are supported: (The S, 2, 1 and M options may not
+exist if this copy of mtools has been compiled without the USE_2M
+option)
+.PP
+The following options are the same as for MS-DOS's format command:
+.PP
+.SH Options
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWv\fR\ 
+Specifies the volume label. A volume label identifies the disk and can
+be a maximum of 11 characters. If you omit the -v switch, mformat will
+assign no label to the disk.
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWf\fR\ 
+Specifies the size of the DOS file system to format. Only a certain
+number of predefined sizes are supported by this flag; for others use
+the -h/-t/-s flags. The following sizes are supported:
+.RS
+.TP
+160\ 
+160K, single-sided, 8 sectors per track, 40 cylinders (for 5 1/4 DD)
+.TP
+180\ 
+160K, single-sided, 9 sectors per track, 40 cylinders (for 5 1/4 DD)
+.TP
+320\ 
+320K, double-sided, 8 sectors per track, 40 cylinders (for 5 1/4 DD)
+.TP
+360\ 
+360K, double-sided, 9 sectors per track, 40 cylinders (for 5 1/4 DD)
+.TP
+720\ 
+720K, double-sided, 9 sectors per track, 80 cylinders (for 3 1/2 DD)
+.TP
+1200\ 
+1200K, double-sided, 15 sectors per track, 80 cylinders (for 5 1/4 HD)
+.TP
+1440\ 
+1440K, double-sided, 18 sectors per track, 80 cylinders (for 3 1/2 HD)
+.TP
+2880\ 
+2880K, double-sided, 36 sectors per track, 80 cylinders (for 3 1/2 ED)
+.RE
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWt\fR\ 
+Specifies the number of tracks on the disk.
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWT\fR\ 
+Specifies the number of total sectors on the disk. Only one of these 2
+options may be specified (tracks or total sectors)
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWh\fR\ 
+The number of heads (sides).
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWs\fR\ 
+Specifies the number of sectors per track. If the 2m option is given,
+number of 512-byte sector equivalents on generic tracks (i.e. not head 0
+track 0).  If the 2m option is not given, number of physical sectors per
+track (which may be bigger than 512 bytes).
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CW1\fR\ 
+Formats a single side (equivalent to -h 1)
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CW4\fR\ 
+Formats a 360K double-sided disk (equivalent to -f 360). When used
+together with -the 1 switch, this switch formats a 180K disk
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CW8\fR\ 
+Formats a disk with 8 sectors per track.
+.PP
+MS-DOS format's \fR\&\f(CWq\fR, \fR\&\f(CWu\fR and \fR\&\f(CWb\fR options are not
+supported, and \fR\&\f(CWs\fR has a different meaning.
+.PP
+The following options are specific to mtools:
+.IP
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWF\fR\ 
+Format the partition as FAT32.
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWS\fR\ 
+The size code. The size of the sector is 2 ^ (sizecode + 7).
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWX\fR\ 
+formats the disk as an XDF disk. See section XDF, for more details. The disk
+has first to be low-level formatted using the xdfcopy utility included
+in the fdutils package. XDF disks are used for instance for OS/2 install
+disks.
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CW2\fR\ 
+2m format. The parameter to this option describes the number of
+sectors on track 0, head 0. This option is recommended for sectors
+bigger than normal.
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CW3\fR\ 
+don't use a 2m format, even if the current geometry of the disk is a 2m 
+geometry.
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CW0\fR\ 
+Data transfer rate on track 0
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWA\fR\ 
+Data transfer rate on tracks other than 0
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWM\fR\ 
+software sector size. This parameter describes the sector size in bytes used
+by the MS-DOS file system. By default it is the physical sector size.
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWN\fR\ 
+Uses the requested serial number, instead of generating one
+automatically
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWa\fR\ 
+If this option is given, an Atari style serial number is generated.
+Ataris store their serial number in the OEM label.
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWC\fR\ 
+creates the disk image file to install the MS-DOS file system on
+it. Obviously, this is useless on physical devices such as floppies
+and hard disk partitions, but is interesting for image files.
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWH\fR\ 
+number of hidden sectors. This parameter is useful for formatting hard
+disk partition, which are not aligned on track boundaries (i.e. first
+head of first track doesn't belong to the partition, but contains a
+partition table). In that case the number of hidden sectors is in
+general the number of sectors per cylinder. This is untested.
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWI\fR\ 
+Sets the fsVersion id when formatting a FAT32 drive.  In order to find
+this out, run minfo on an existing FAT32 drive, and mail me about it, so
+I can include the correct value in future versions of mtools.
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWc\fR\ 
+Sets the size of a cluster (in sectors).  If this cluster size would
+generate a FAT that too big for its number of bits, mtools automatically
+increases the cluster size, until the FAT is small enough. If no
+cluster size is specified explicitly, mtools uses a default value as
+described in section ``Number of sectors per cluster'' below.
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWd\fR\ 
+Sets the number of FAT copies. Default is 2. This setting can also be
+specified using the \fR\&\f(CWMTOOLS_NFATS\fR environment variable.
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWr\fR\ 
+Sets the size of the root directory (in sectors).  Only applicable to 12
+and 16 bit FATs. This setting can also be specified using the
+\&\fR\&\f(CWMTOOLS_DIR_LEN\fR environment variable.
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWL\fR\ 
+Sets the length of the FAT.
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWB\fR\ 
+Use the boot sector stored in the given file or device, instead of using
+its own.  Only the geometry fields are updated to match the target disks
+parameters.
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWk\fR\ 
+Keep the existing boot sector as much as possible.  Only the geometry
+fields and other similar file system data are updated to match the target
+disks parameters.
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWK\fR\ 
+Sets the sector number where the backup of the boot sector should be
+stored (only relevant on FAT32).
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWR\fR\ 
+Sets the number of reserved sectors for this filesystem. This must be
+at least 1 for non-FAT32 disks, and at least 3 for FAT disks (in order
+to accommodate the boot sector, the info sector and the backup boot
+sector).
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWm\fR\ 
+Use a non-standard media descriptor byte for this disk. The media
+descriptor is stored at position 21 of the boot sector, and as first
+byte in each FAT copy. Using this option may confuse DOS or older mtools
+version, and may make the disk unreadable. Only use if you know what you
+are doing.
+.TP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWb\fR\ 
+Use a non-standard bios disk number for this disk. By default, bios
+disk number is inferred from media descriptor: 0x80 for media
+descriptor 0xf8, or 0x00 otherwise.
+.PP
+To format a diskette at a density other than the default, you must supply
+(at least) those command line parameters that are different from the
+default.
+.PP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWMformat\fR returns 0 on success or 1 on failure.
+.PP
+It doesn't record bad block information to the Fat, use
+\&\fR\&\f(CWmbadblocks\fR for that.
+.PP
+.SH Number\ of\ sectors\ per\ cluster
+.PP
+If the user indicates no cluster size, mformat figures out a default
+value for it.
+.PP
+For FAT32 it uses the following table to determine the number of
+sectors per cluster, depending on the total number of sectors on the
+filesystem.
+.PP
+more than 32*1024*1024*2: 64 sectors
+.br
+between 16*1024*1024*2 and 32*1024*1024*2: 32 sectors
+.br
+between 8*1024*1024*2 and 16*1024*1024*2: 16 sectors
+.br
+between 260*1024*2 and 81024*1024*2: 1 sectors
+.br
+.PP
+This is derived from information on page 20 of Microsoft's
+\&\fR\&\f(CWfatgen103\fR document, which currently can be found at the
+following address:
+.PP
+\&\fR\&\f(CWhttps://staff.washington.edu/dittrich/misc/fatgen103.pdf\fR
+.PP
+For FAT12 and FAT16, mformat uses an iterative approach, where it
+starts with a set value, which it doubles until it is able to fill up
+the disk using that cluster size and a number of cluster less than the
+maximum allowed.
+.PP
+The starting value is 1 for disks with one head or less than 2000
+sectors, and 2 for disks with more than one head, and more than 2000
+sectors.
+.PP
+The number of sectors per cluster cannot go beyond 128.
+.PP
+.SH See\ Also
+Mtools' texinfo doc
+.SH Viewing\ the\ texi\ doc
+This manpage has been automatically generated from mtools's texinfo
+documentation. However, this process is only approximative, and some
+items, such as crossreferences, footnotes and indices are lost in this
+translation process.  Indeed, these items have no appropriate
+representation in the manpage format.  Moreover, not all information has
+been translated into the manpage version.  Thus I strongly advise you to
+use the original texinfo doc.  See the end of this manpage for
+instructions how to view the texinfo doc.
+.TP
+* \ \ 
+To generate a printable copy from the texinfo doc, run the following
+commands:
+ 
+.nf
+.ft 3
+.in +0.3i
+    ./configure; make dvi; dvips mtools.dvi
+.fi
+.in -0.3i
+.ft R
+.PP
+ 
+\&\fR
+.TP
+* \ \ 
+To generate a html copy,  run:
+ 
+.nf
+.ft 3
+.in +0.3i
+    ./configure; make html
+.fi
+.in -0.3i
+.ft R
+.PP
+ 
+\&\fRA premade html can be found at
+\&\fR\&\f(CW\(ifhttp://www.gnu.org/software/mtools/manual/mtools.html\(is\fR
+.TP
+* \ \ 
+To generate an info copy (browsable using emacs' info mode), run:
+ 
+.nf
+.ft 3
+.in +0.3i
+    ./configure; make info
+.fi
+.in -0.3i
+.ft R
+.PP
+ 
+\&\fR
+.PP
+The texinfo doc looks most pretty when printed or as html.  Indeed, in
+the info version certain examples are difficult to read due to the
+quoting conventions used in info.
+.PP