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diff --git a/upstream/archlinux/man1/sc.1 b/upstream/archlinux/man1/sc.1 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e1d73589 --- /dev/null +++ b/upstream/archlinux/man1/sc.1 @@ -0,0 +1,4547 @@ +.\" Warning: The string "sc" is converted to the true program name +.\" by the makefile, throughout this document. +.\" +.\" Warning: The order of presentation of commands largely matches the +.\" help screen built into the program. +.\" +.\" Conventions: +.\" - sc italicized and never uppercased (it's a proper name). +.\" - Refer to lists of commands in the same order as introduced. +.\" - Command and function names bold when introduced, italicized in all +.\" other places if possible, or in `` '' if not. +.\" - Cell names italicized except when used in expressions; row numbers +.\" and column names not italicized. +.\" - Use `` '' rather than " " except referring to literal input or output. +.\" - TPs use default indent except for function names, then 18. +.\" - Smallify uppercase strings. +.\" - Avoid passive voice and third person. +.\" $Revision: 7.16 $ +.\" +.TH SC 1 "19 September 2002" "SC 7.16" +.SH NAME +sc \- spreadsheet calculator +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B sc +.RB [ -a ] +.RB [ -c ] +.RB [ -e ] +.RB [ -m ] +.RB [ -n ] +.RB [ -o ] +.RB [ -q ] +.RB [ -r ] +.RB [ -v ] +.RB [ -x ] +.RB [ -C ] +.RB [ -R ] +.RB [ -P +.IR range [ /address ] +| +.IR /address ] +.RB [ -W +.IR range ] +.RI [ file... ] +.\" ========== +.SH DESCRIPTION +The spreadsheet calculator +.I sc +is based on rectangular tables much like a financial spreadsheet. +When invoked, it first looks for a file in the user's home +directory called .scrc and if found, reads that file into memory. +If that file contains the command +.RI `` set\ scrc '', +.I sc +looks for a file called .scrc in the current directory, +and if found, reads that file into memory, too. +Next, it reads the options from the command line, and +finally, it reads in the file or files specified on +the command line and presents the data in a table +organized as rows and columns of cells. +If invoked without a +.I file +argument, the table is initially empty, unless it is +running in a pipeline, in which case it will read +its data from the standard input. +If more than one file is specified, +all files except the first one will be merged. +The default filename for saving a file with the +.I Put +command will be the same as the first file specified, +and the other files will be treated as macros. +If you want to use advanced macros from the command +line, the ``|'' must be quoted to prevent it from being +expanded by the shell. +.LP +Options begin with -. +However, an argument of a single - will be +interpreted to mean that spreadsheet data +will be taken from the standard input. +This is useful for including +.I sc +in a pipeline if the system supports pipes. +However, if standard input is not a terminal, +the - is only necessary if there are multiple +files and standard input is not the last to be +read, since standard input is automatically +read in after all other files in such cases +if it is not specified explicitly, or if there +are no other filenames on the command line. +If +.I sc +is included in a pipeline, and a filename of ``-'' +is not specified, the standard input will be merged +in after all of the other named files have been +processed. +.LP +The first argument not beginning with a -, +or a single - by itself, and any subsequent +arguments will all be interpreted as +filenames (a filename of - meaning +standard input as noted above). +In addition, an argument of -- may +be used to signify that all subsequent +arguments should be treated as filenames +even if they begin with a -, but unlike -, +-- won't be treated as a filename itself. +.LP +Each cell may have associated with it +a numeric value, +a label string, +and/or an expression (formula) +which evaluates to a numeric value or label string, +often based on other cell values. +.LP +For an online tutorial, type the command: +.IP +sc /usr/share/doc/sc/tutorial.sc +.LP +To print a quick reference card, type the command: +.IP +scqref | [your_printer_commmand] +.\" ---------- +.SH OPTIONS +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B \-a +Do not run the autorun macro, if one is specified in the file. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B \-c +Start the program with the recalculation being done in column order. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B \-e +Start the program with round-to-even (banker's rounding) enabled. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B \-m +Start the program with automatic recalculation disabled. +The spreadsheet will be recalculated only when the ``@'' command is used. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B \-n +Start the program in quick numeric entry mode (see below). +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B \-o +Start the program with automatic optimization of expressions enabled. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B \-q +Quit after loading all files, but before becoming interactive. +This is useful in shell scripts for getting information from +a file, for example, or using +.I sc +as a non-interactive calculator using the +.I eval +command. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B \-r +Start the program with the recalculation being done in row +order (default option). +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B \-v +When piping data out using the +.I -P +option (below), change all expressions to values. +The +.I -v +option must precede the +.I -P +option to have an effect. +If the +.I -P +option is used more than once, there must be a separate +.I -v +option for each instance of the +.I -P +option. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B \-x +Cause the +.I Get +and +.I Put +commands (see below) to encrypt and decrypt data files. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B \-C +Start the program with automatic newline action set to increment the column +(see below). +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI \-P " range[/address]" +.PD 0 +.TP +.BI \-P " /address" +.PD +Pipe a range to standard output. +The output is similar to that of the +.I Put +command (below), except that only cell data and +formatting information for cells in the range are +output, without all of the colors, range definitions, +column formatting, etc. +The optional +.I /address +is used to adjust all addresses +in the range to a new starting point. +This is useful for copying data from one file to +another, especially when used in conjunction with the +.I -v +option (above), using something like +.I "merge ""|sc -v -Prange/address filename""" +(note the pipe symbol). +This option may be used more than once to specify multiple ranges. +Note, however, that the +.I -v +option must precede the +.I -P +option on the command line, +and there must be a separate +.I -v +option for each instance of the +.I -P +option. +Any instance of +.I -P +not preceded by its own +.I -v +option will output unevaluated expressions. + +A range of +.RI `` % '' +may be used to refer to the entire spreadsheet. +If the range is left out, as shown in the +second form above, +.I sc +will be started interactively in navigate mode, +allowing you to navigate the spreadsheet and +highlight the range you want to output. +Pressing ESC, ^G, or q will terminate without +outputting any data. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B \-R +Start the program with automatic newline action set to increment the row +(see below). +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B \-W +Pipe a range to standard output. +The output is identical to that of the +.I Write +command (below). +This option may be used more than once to specify multiple ranges. +A range of +.RI `` % '' +may be used to refer to the entire spreadsheet. +.\" ---------- +.PP +All of these options can be changed with the +.I ^T +and +.I S +commands (see below) while +.I sc +is running. Options specified when +.I sc +is invoked +override options saved in the data file. +.\" ========== +.SS "Personal Initialization File" +.\" ---------- +When +.I sc +first starts, it looks for a file in the user's home +directory called .scrc and if found, loads it into memory. +The format of this file is the same as any other +.I sc +file, but should be reserved for setting certain defaults. +Any options set which have equivalent command line options may +be overridden by the command line. +If that file contains the command +.RI `` set\ scrc '', +.I sc +will then look for a file called .scrc in the current directory, +and if found, load that file into memory, too (this is analogous +to the ``set exrc'' command used by vi/ex). +These ``dotfiles'' may be created by any text editor. +Several commands exist specifically for setting default file +name extensions in the .scrc file, although they may also +be used from macros, ordinary spreadsheet files, or from within +.I sc +at the command line. +They will not, however, be saved along with the file. +The extensions should be quoted, and should not include +the preceding `.' (e.g., +.I scext\ "sc" +will add the extension +.I .sc +). +These commands are: +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B scext +This is the default extension for normal +.I sc +files (those created with the +.I Put +command). +If this command is not used, all +.I sc +files will be saved without an extension, +and any existing extension will not be removed. +Setting this option causes all +.I sc +files to be saved with the specified extension added, +unless it is already present. +If the file name already has an extension of +.I .sc, +it will first be removed. +Any other extension will not be removed. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B ascext +This is the default extension for plain text files +created with the +.I Write +command. +The file name will first be checked to see if it +already has an extension of either +.I .sc +or the extension specified with +.I scext +above, and if either one exists, it will first +be removed before adding the new extension. +If this option is not set, +a default of +.I .asc +will be used. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B tbl0ext +This is the default extension for files +created with the +.I Tbl +command if tblstyle is set to 0 (default). +The file name will first be checked to see if it +already has an extension of either +.I .sc +or the extension specified with +.I scext +above, and if either one exists, it will first +be removed before adding the new extension. +If this option is not set, +a default of +.I .cln +will be used. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B tblext +This is the default extension for files +created with the +.I Tbl +command if tblstyle is set to tbl. +The file name will first be checked to see if it +already has an extension of either +.I .sc +or the extension specified with +.I scext +above, and if either one exists, it will first +be removed before adding the new extension. +If this option is not set, +a default of +.I .tbl +will be used. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B latexext +This is the default extension for files +created with the +.I Tbl +command if tblstyle is set to latex. +The file name will first be checked to see if it +already has an extension of either +.I .sc +or the extension specified with +.I scext +above, and if either one exists, it will first +be removed before adding the new extension. +If this option is not set, +a default of +.I .lat +will be used. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B slatexext +This is the default extension for files +created with the +.I Tbl +command if tblstyle is set to slatex. +The file name will first be checked to see if it +already has an extension of either +.I .sc +or the extension specified with +.I scext +above, and if either one exists, it will first +be removed before adding the new extension. +If this option is not set, +a default of +.I .stx +will be used. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B texext +This is the default extension for files +created with the +.I Tbl +command if tblstyle is set to tex. +The file name will first be checked to see if it +already has an extension of either +.I .sc +or the extension specified with +.I scext +above, and if either one exists, it will first +be removed before adding the new extension. +If this option is not set, +a default of +.I .tex +will be used. +.\" ========== +.SS "General Information" +.\" ---------- +The screen is divided into four regions. +The top line is for entering commands and displaying cell values. +The second line is for messages from +.IR sc . +The third line and the first four columns show the column and row numbers, +from which are derived cell addresses, e.g. +.I A0 +for the cell in column A, row 0. +Note that column names are case-insensitive: you can enter +.I A0 +or +.IR a0 . +.\" ---------- +.PP +The rest of the screen forms a window looking at a portion of the table. +The total number of display rows and columns available, +hence the number of table rows and columns displayed, +is set by +.IR curses (3) +and may be overridden by setting the +.SM LINES +and +.SM COLUMNS +environment variables, respectively. +.\" ---------- +.PP +The screen has two cursors: +a cell cursor, indicated by either a highlighted cell +or a ``<'' on the screen, and a character cursor, +indicated by the terminal's hardware cursor. +.\" ---------- +.PP +If a cell's numeric value is wider than the column width (see the +.I f +command), the cell is filled with asterisks. +If a cell's label string is wider than the column width, +it is truncated at the start of the next non-blank cell in the row, if any. +.\" ---------- +.PP +Cursor control commands and row and column commands +can be prefixed by a numeric argument +which indicates how many times the command is to be executed. +You can type +.I ^U +before a repeat count if quick numeric entry mode is enabled. +.\" ========== +.SS "Changing Options" +.\" ---------- +\0 \" exactly one blank line (hard to get) +.PD 0 +.TP +.BI ^T o +Toggle options. +This command allows you to switch the state of one option selected by +.IR o . +A small menu lists the choices for +.I o +when you type +.IR ^T . +Unless otherwise noted, the options selected are saved +when the data and formulas are saved so that you will +have the same setup next time you enter the spreadsheet. +.PD +.RS +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B a +Automatic Recalculation. +When set, each change in the spreadsheet +causes the entire spreadsheet be recalculated. +Normally this is not noticeable, but for very large +spreadsheets, it may be faster to clear +automatic recalculation mode and update the +spreadsheet via explicit ``@'' commands. +Default is automatic recalculation on. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B b +Braille enhancement mode. +See the braille section under the +.I Set +command below for a complete description of +how to use this mode. +This option is not saved when saving a file, +to allow blind and sighted users to easily +share files. It is intended for use in a user's +.I .scrc +file. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B c +Current cell highlighting. +If enabled, the current cell is highlighted +(using the terminal's standout mode, if available) +and the cell pointer ``<'' is turned off. +This is enabled by default. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B e +External function execution. +When disabled, external functions (see +.IR @ext () +below) are not called. +This saves a lot of time at each screen update. +External functions are disabled by default. +If disabled, and external functions are used anywhere, +a warning is printed each time the screen is updated, +and the result of +.IR @ext () +is the value from the previous call, if any, or a null string. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B i +Automatic insertion of rows/columns. +If this is enabled and craction is set to move the +cell cursor either down or to the right after entering +data into a cell, and the last cell in a row/column +in the scrolling portion of a framed range was just +filled, causing the cell cursor to move outside of this +range, a new column/row will be inserted, thus enlarging +the range and allowing you to continue entering data +into the row/column without overwriting the frame (which +may contain expressions of some sort, such as totals). +If autowrap is also enabled, it will take precedence, +and a new row/column will only be inserted after +entering data in the very last cell (bottom right corner) +of the scrolling range. +The default is no automatic insertion. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B w +Automatic wrap to next row/column. +If this is enabled and craction is set to move the +cell cursor either down or to the right after entering +data into a cell, and the last cell in a row/column +in the scrolling portion of a framed range was just +filled, causing the cell cursor to move outside of this +range, the cell cursor will move to the first cell in +the next row/column in this range. +If this would also take the cursor out of the scrolling +portion of the range, the cursor will remain in last +edited cell instead, unless autoinsert is also enabled, +in which case a new row/column will be added so that +the cursor can wrap. +The default is no autowrap. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B l +Autolabeling. +If enabled, using the define command (rd) causes +a label to be automatically generated in the cell +to the left of the defined cell. +This is only done if the cell to the left is empty. +Default is enabled. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B n +Quick numeric entry. +If enabled, +a typed digit is assumed to be +the start of a numeric value for the current cell, +not a repeat count, unless preceded by +.IR ^U . +Also, the `+' and `-' keys will enter insert mode +and append a `+' or `-' to the existing contents +of the cell, allowing the user to easily add to or +subtract from the current numeric contents of the cell. +The cursor controls +.RI ( ^P , +.IR ^N , +or any of the arrow keys) +in this mode will end a numeric entry if the entry +was started by pressing `+', `-', or a digit. +Switching from insert mode to edit mode will cause the +cursor controls to revert to their normal functions. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B o +Automatic optimization of expressions. +If this is enabled, expressions which evaluate to +a constant are automatically optimized upon entry. +For example, if you enter @pow(2,32) into a cell, +the value 4294967296 will be stored in that cell, +whereas if optimization is turned off, the calculated +value will be displayed, but the actual expression will +be stored in the cell instead. +This allows you to edit the expression instead of +re-entering it from scratch when you just want to +make a minor change. +Default is automatic optimization off. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B t +Top line display. +If enabled, +the name and value of the current cell is +displayed on the top line. +If there is an associated label string, +the first character of the string value +is ``|'' for a centered string, ``<'' for a +leftstring or ``>'' for a rightstring (see below), +followed by "\fIstring\fP" for a constant string or +.RI { expr } +for a string expression. +A constant string may be preceeded with a backslash (`\\'). +In this case the constant string will be used as a ``wheel'' +to fill a column, e.g. "\\-" for a line in a column, +and "\\Yeh\ " for "Yeh\ Yeh\ Ye". +If the cell has a numeric value, +it follows as +.RI [ value ], +which may be a constant or expression. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B $ +Dollar prescale. +If enabled, all numeric +.B constants +(not expressions) which you enter are multipled by 0.01 +so you don't have to keep typing the decimal point +if you enter lots of dollar figures. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B r +Newline action. +This is a 3-way toggle which determines which direction to +move after pressing the +.SM RETURN +key to enter data into a cell. +It has the same effect as using the +.I set +(S) command to set the value of craction. +After selecting this option, you will be prompted for +the direction you want to move. +Valid directions are down (craction=1) and to the right (craction=2). +Pressing j, ^N, or the cursor-down key will cause +the cursor to move down a cell each time you press +the +.SM RETURN +key and pressing l, the cursor-right key, or the +space bar will cause the cursor to move one cell to the right. +Pressing the +.SM RETURN +key at the prompt selects no action +(craction=0, which means that the cursor will remain in +the current cell). +No action is the default unless +.I sc +is started with either the -R or -C option. +This option is ignored if the cell into which data is +being entered is not the current cell. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B s +Enable/disable color slop. +If a cell's label string is wider than the column width, +it will slop over into the next cell to the right if that +cell is empty. +However, if that cell is in a different color range than +the first, this slopover will be disabled, regardless of +whether the colors assigned to the two ranges are different +or not. +If cslop is enabled, strings may slop over even if the +next cell is in a different color range, carrying their +color with them, which may cause a ragged boundary between +the ranges, but may allow the strings to be seen in their +entirety. +Cslop is disabled by default. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B x +Encryption. +See the +.B \-x +option. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B z +Set newline action limits. +This option sets limits to the newline action option above. +When this option is invoked, the row and column of the +current cell are remembered. +If a later newline action would take the current cell to the right of +the remembered column, then the current cell is instead moved to the +first column of the next row. +If a newline action would take the current cell below the remembered row, +then the current cell is instead moved to the top row of the next column. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B C +Color. +This option enables color, and must be set before any +other color options, such as colorneg (color negative +numbers) or colorerr (color cells with errors), will +have an effect. +On a slow connection, turning off color can noticeably +speed up screen updates. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B E +Color cells with errors. +Setting this option will cause all cells with expressions +which evaluate to ERROR or INVALID to be set to color 3. +Color must be enabled for this option to take effect. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B N +Color negative numbers. +When this option is set, all cells containing negative +numbers will have their color number incremented by one. +Cells with color 8 will cycle back to color 1. +Color must be enabled for this option to take effect. +.PP +The quick numeric entry, newline action and set +newline action limits options can be combined to +allow very quick entry of large amounts of data. +If all the data to be entered is in a single row +or column then setting the quick numeric entry and +the appropriate newline action will allow the +numbers to be entered without any explicit commands +to position the current cell or enter a number. +.PP +If the data entry involves several entries in each row for many rows, then +setting the quick numeric entry option, setting the newline action to move +right after each entry and setting the newline action limits on the last +column on which data should be entered will allow the data to entered +quickly. +An alternative to setting newline action limits is to +enclose the range for entry in a frame (see "Framed Ranges" +below), and setting the autowrap option. +Setting autoinsert will insert new rows as needed if the +frame includes data at the bottom. +If necessary, columns which do not need data to be +entered can be hidden with the +.B z +command. +Similar arrangements can be made for entering several rows of data +in each column. +.RE +.\" ---------- +\0 \" exactly one blank line (hard to get) +.PD 0 +.TP +.B S +Set options. This command allows you to set various options. +A small menu lists the options that cannot be changed through +.I ^T +above. +.PD +.RS +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BR byrows / bycols +Specify the order cell evaluation when updating. +These options also affect the order in which +cells are filled (see +.IR rf ) +and whether a row or column is cleared by an +.I x +command. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI iterations =n +Set the maximum number of recalculations before +the screen is displayed again. +.I Iterations +is set to 10 by default. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI tblstyle =s +Control the output of the +.I T +command. +.I s +can be: +.B 0 +(default) to give colon delimited fields, with no +.I tbl +control lines; +.B tbl +to give colon delimited fields, with +.IR tbl (1) +control lines; +.B latex +to give a +.I LaTeX +tabular environment; +.B slatex +to give a +.I SLaTeX (Scandinavian LaTeX) +tabular environment; +.B tex +to give a +.I TeX +simple tabbed alignment with ampersands as delimiters; and +.B frame +to give a tblstyle output for FrameMaker. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI pagesize =n +Set the page size for the PageUp, PageDown, J, and K commands. +If set to 0, the default is to move up or down +half the number of rows displayed on the screen, +or if the current cell is in a framed range, +half the number of displayed rows in the scrolling +region of that range. +.\" ---------- +.PP +Other +.I Set +options are normally used only in +.I sc +data files since they are available through +.IR ^T . +You can also use them interactively. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BR autocalc / !autocalc +Set/clear auto recalculation mode. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BR autoinsert / !autoinsert +Set/clear automatic insertion mode. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BR autowrap / !autowrap +Set/clear autowrap mode. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BR optimize / !optimize +Set/clear auto optimize mode. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BR numeric / !numeric +Set/clear numeric mode. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BR prescale / !prescale +Set/clear numeric prescale mode. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BR extfun / !extfun +Enable/disable external functions. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BR toprow / !toprow +Set/clear top row display mode. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BR rndtoeven / !rndtoeven +Default: *.5 will be rounded up to the next integer; +doing a 'set rndtoeven' will cause it to be rounded to +the closest even number instead (aka banker's rounding). +Round-to-even has advantages over the default rounding +for some applications. +For example, if X+Y is an integer, +then X+Y = rnd(X)+rnd(Y) with round-to-even, +but not always with the defaulting rounding method. +This could be an advantage, for example, when trying to +split an odd amount of money evenly between two people (it +would determine who gets the extra penny). +Note: rndtoeven only effects the @rnd and @round functions. +It has no effect on how a number is rounded to fit the +display format of a cell. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI craction =n +Set the newline action. +.I n +can be: +.B 0 +(default) to give no action; +.B 1 +to move down after each entry; or +.B 2 +to move right after each entry. +.TP +.BI rowlimit =n +Set the remembered limit for the maximum row below which +the current cell will be moved to the top of the next column +if the newline action is set to move the current cell down. +.I n +can be +.B -1 +(default) to disable this facility. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI collimit =n +Set the remembered limit for the maximum column to the right of which +the current cell will be moved to the left of the next row +if the newline action is set to move the current cell right. +.I n +can be +.B -1 +(default) to disable this facility. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BR color / !color +Enable color. +This option must be set for any other color options, +such as colorneg or colorerr, to take effect. +On a slow connection, turning off color can noticeably +speed up screen updates. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BR colorneg / !colorneg +Color negative numbers. +When this option is set, all cells containing negative +numbers will have their color number increased by one. +Cells with color 8 will cycle back to color 1. +Color must be enabled for this option to take effect. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BR colorerr / !colorerr +Color cells with errors. +Setting this option will cause all cells with expressions +which evaluate to ERROR or INVALID to be set to color 3. +Color must be enabled for this option to take effect. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BR cslop / !cslop +Enable color slop. +If a cell's label string is wider than the column width, +it will slop over into the next cell to the right if that +cell is empty. +However, if that cell is in a different color range than +the first, this slop over will be disabled, regardless of +whether the colors assigned to the two ranges are different +or not. +If cslop is enabled, strings may slop over even if the +next cell is in a different color range, carrying their +color with them, which may cause a ragged boundary between +the ranges, but may allow the strings to be seen in their +entirety. +Cslop is disabled by default. +.PP +The following +.I Set +options are considered personal preferences, +or are terminal dependent, and are therefore not +saved when saving a file, but are instead intended +for use in a user's .scrc file. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BR braille / !braille +Set/clear braille enhancement mode. +When braille enhancement mode is set, the cursor +behaves in a manner that makes the use of +.I sc +much easier when using a braille display. +In spite of its name, this mode also works well with +screen readers such as SpeakUp, and can even be used +by sighted users to make cutting and pasting using the +.I screen +program much easier. + +There are actually two different braille modes. +When the braille option is set, the +.I C +command, which is normally used to set colors, +will instead change from one braille mode to the other. +If it is desired to set/change colors so you can +share files with others not using a braille display, +braille mode will have to be switched off temporarily, +and then switched back on after the color operation +is done. + +When the braille option is set, the default braille mode +will cause the cursor to be positioned at the left edge of +the current cell, while the alternate braille mode will +cause the cursor to be placed at the beginning of the top +line, which will contain information such as the current +cell address, contents of the cell, and column formatting +information. +The column names will also be moved to the left edge of +their respective columns in order to remain aligned with +the cursor as it moves up and down the column. + +In either mode, the cursor will be placed in the +top line when editing a line, except when switching +to navigate mode, in which case the cursor will be +placed in either the current cell (default braille mode) +or the second line, where the cell address or default +range will be displayed (alternate braille mode). + +Whenever a message is displayed on the second line, +such as an error message or prompt for further +information, both modes will cause the cursor to +be placed at the beginning of that message. +After this message goes away, the cursor will +revert to its former behavior. +The easiest way to make this message go away +without effecting anything, except in the cases +where it is asking the user for more information, +is to press +.IR CC , +which effectively changes modes twice, with a net +effect of leaving +.I sc +in the original mode. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BR locale / !locale +If locale support is compiled into +.IR sc , +this option will cause certain locale-dependent +behaviors, such as the display of numbers and the +determination of word boundaries for some operations +in edit mode. +Note that if this option is set and the environment +variable LC_ALL is unrecognized, unset, or set to +either ``POSIX'' or ``C'', commas in format commands +will be ignored. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BR cellcur / !cellcur +Set/clear current cell highlighting mode. +This option is included here because it is likely to +be terminal dependent and/or a user preference, +and therefore is not saved when saving a file. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI scrc +It tells +.I sc +to also read the file .scrc in the current directory when starting. +Settings in this file will override those in $HOME/.scrc +but may themselves be overridden by command line options. +Setting this could be a potential security risk, since starting +.I sc +with an unknown .scrc could potentially execute arbitrary commands. +This risk is probably very slight, since a spreadsheet program +is not likely to be run in just any directory, and should +.B never +be run as root. +.RE +.\" ========== +.SS "Cursor Control Commands" +.\" ---------- +\0 \" exactly one blank line (hard to get) +.PD 0 +.TP +.B ^A +Go to cell +.I A0 +(same as HOME). +.PD +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B ^P +Move the cell cursor up to the previous row. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B ^N +Move the cell cursor down to the next row. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B ^H +Move the cell cursor backward one column. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B SPACE +Move the cell cursor forward one column. +When in navigate mode, if a range is highlighted, +insert the highlighted range into the command line, +followed by a space, while remaining in navigate mode. +This is useful when entering copy, move, or frame commands, +for example, which accept more than one range argument. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B "h, j, k, l" +These are alternate, +.IR vi -compatible +cell cursor controls (left, down, up, right). +Space is just like l (right). +.TP +.B "H, J, K, L" +These move the cursor +by half pages (left, down, up, right). +If +.I pagesize +is nonzero, up/down paging will be by +.I pagesize +rows, instead. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B "^F, ^B" +Same as J and K above. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B PAGE-DOWN PAGE-UP +Same as J and K above. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B TAB +If the character cursor is on the top line, +.SM TAB +tries to complete a range name if the character +immediately preceding it is alphanumeric or ``_'', +and starts a range if not (see below). +Otherwise, move the cell cursor forward one column. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B HOME +Go to cell +.IR A0 . +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B END +Same as ^E (see below). +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B "Arrow Keys" +The terminal's arrow keys provide another alternate +set of cell cursor controls if they exist and are +supported in the appropriate +.I termcap +entry. +Some terminals have arrow keys which conflict with other control key codes. +For example, a terminal might send +.I ^H +when the back arrow key is pressed. +In these cases, the conflicting arrow key performs the same function +as the key combination it mimics. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B ^ +Move the cell cursor up to row 0 of the current column. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B # +Move the cell cursor down to the last valid row of the current column. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B 0 +Move the cell cursor backward to column A of the current row. +This command must be prefixed with +.I ^U +if quick numeric entry mode is enabled. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B $ +Move the cell cursor forward to the last valid column of the current row. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B b +Scan the cursor backward (left and up) to the previous valid cell. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B w +Scan the cursor forward (right and down) to the next valid cell. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B g +Go to a cell. +.I sc +prompts for a cell's name, a regular expression surrounded by +quotes, or a number. +If a cell's name such as +.I ae122 +or the name of a defined range is given, the cell cursor goes +directly to that cell. +If a quoted regular expression such as " +.I Tax Table +" or " +.I ^Jan [0-9]*$ +" is given, +.I sc +searches for a cell containing a string matching the regular +expression. +See +.I regex(3) +or +.I ed(1) +for more details on the form of regular +expressions. +.IP +You can also search formatted numbers or expressions +using regular expressions by preceding the opening quotes +of the regular expression with a ``#'' (for formatted +numbers) or a ``%'' (for expressions). +These are handy for searching for dates within a specified +range or cells which reference a given cell, for example, +although they are somewhat slower than searching through +ordinary strings, since all numbers must be formatted or +expressions decompiled on the fly during the search. +.IP +If a number is given, +.I sc +will search for a cell containing that number. +Searches for either strings or numbers proceed forward from the +current cell, wrapping back to a0 at the end of the table, and +terminate at the current cell if the string or number is not found. +You may also go to a cell with an ERROR (divide by zero, etc. in this cell) +or INVALID (references a cell containing an ERROR). +.IR g\ error +will take you to the next ERROR, while +.IR g\ invalid +take you to the next INVALID. +The last +.I g +command is saved, and can be re-issued by entering +.IR g<return> . +You can also repeat the last search by pressing +.IR n . +.IP +An optional second argument is available whose meaning +depends on whether you're doing a search or jumping to a +specific cell. When doing a search, the second argument +specifies a range to search. When jumping to a specific +cell, the second argument specifies which cell should be +in the upper lefthand corner of the screen, if possible, +which allows you to position the destination cell where +you want it on the screen. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI ^E d +Go to end of range. +Follow +.I ^E +by a direction indicator such as +.I ^P +or +.IR j . +If the cell cursor starts on a non-blank cell, +it goes in the indicated direction until the +last non-blank adjacent cell. +If the cell cursor starts on a blank cell, +it goes in the indicated direction until +the first non-blank cell. +This command is useful when specifying ranges +of adjacent cells (see below), especially when +the range is bigger than the visible window. +.IP +If +.I ^E +is pressed twice in succession, +or if it is pressed after another +.I ^E +or a +.IR ^Y , +it will cause the screen to scroll up without +moving the cell cursor, unless the cell cursor +is already at the top of the screen, in which +case, it will remain at the top of the visible +screen. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B ^Y +Causes the screen to scroll down without moving +the cell cursor, unless the cell cursor is +already at the bottom of the screen, in which case, +it will remain at the bottom of the visible screen. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI m x +Mark the current cell. +.I sc +will prompt for a lowercase letter to be +used as a mark specifier. +Marked cells may be used as the source for the +.I c +(copy a marked cell) command, or as the target of a +.I ` +or +.I ' +(go to marked cell) command. +In addition to cells marked with lowercase letters, +.I sc +also automatically marks the last nine cells that +have been edited with the numbers 1-9, and the +current cell being edited with the number 0. +When not editing a cell, marks 0 and 1 usually +refer to the same cell, unless the last edit was +begun in one cell, but the cell address was changed +before pressing the +.SM RETURN +key, or the last edit was aborted prematurely. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI ` x +Jump to a previously marked cell. +If the target cell is currently on the screen, +.I sc +will simply jump to the target cell, making it current. +Otherwise, +.I sc +will attempt to center the cell on the screen, if possible. +As a special case, following the ` with another ` will +return you to the cell you were in before the last g, ', `, +*, or ^E (or END key) was used to jump to another cell. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI ' x +Jump to a previously marked cell. +.I ' +works just like +.I ` +, except that +.I ' +will attempt to restore the marked cell to the same +position on the screen as when it was marked. +It does this by remembering which cell was in the upper +left hand corner of the screen at the time the mark was +set, and restoring that cell to its original position. +As a special case, following the ' with another ' will +return you to the cell you were in before the last g, ', `, +*, or ^E (or END key) was used to jump to another cell, +and will also try to position that cell on the screen in +the same position as when you left it. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI z<RETURN> +Move the current row to the top of the screen. +If the current row is in a framed range, move the current +row to the top of the scrolling region. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI z. +Move the current row to the center of the screen. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI z| +Move the current column to the center of the screen. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI zc +Center the current cell both horizontally and vertically. +.\" ========== +.SS "Cell Entry and Editing Commands" +.\" ---------- +Cells can contain both a numeric value and a string value. +Either value can be the result of an expression, +but not both at once, +i.e. each cell can have only one expression associated with it. +Entering a valid numeric expression +alters the cell's previous numeric value, if any, +and replaces the cell's previous string expression, if any, +leaving only the previously computed constant label string. +Likewise, entering a valid string expression +alters the cell's the previous label string, if any, +and replaces the cell's previous numeric expression, if any, +leaving only the previously computed constant numeric value. +.TP +.B = +Enter a numeric constant or expression into the current cell. +.I sc +prompts for the expression on the top line. +The usual way to enter a number into a cell is to type ``='', +then enter the number in response to the prompt on the top line. +The quick numeric entry option, enabled through the +.B \-n +option or +.I ^T +command, shows the prompt when you enter the first digit of a number +(you can skip typing ``=''). +If you want to begin entering an expression in the current cell, +but you want to start out in navigate mode (e.g. to enter cell +addresses, or sums of ranges using ``@sum''), use the ``+'' +command instead (see below). +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B < +Enter a label string into the current cell +to be flushed left against the left edge of the cell. +.\" ---------- +.IP \fB\\\\\fP +Enter a label string into the current cell +to be centered in the column. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B > +Enter a label string into the current cell +to be flushed right against the right edge of the cell. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B { +Left justify the string in the current cell. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B | +Center the string in the current cell. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B } +Right justify the string in the current cell. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B F +Enter a format string into the current cell. +This format string overrides the precision +specified with the +.I f +command unless +.I & +is present in the fractional part of the format +string (see below). +The format only applies to numeric values. +There are two types of format strings allowed: +standard numeric and date. +(Note: these format strings may also be used with the +.I f +command to create user-defined format types.) +The following characters can be used to build +a standard numeric format string: +.RS +.TP +.BR # +Digit placeholder. +If the number has fewer digits on either +side of the decimal point than there are +`#' characters in the format, the extra `#' +characters are ignored. +The number is rounded to the number of digit +placeholders as there are to the right +of the decimal point. +If there are more digits in the number than +there are digit placeholders on the left side +of the decimal point, then those digits +are displayed. +.TP +.BR 0 +Digit placeholder. +Same as for `#' except that the number +is padded with zeroes on either side of the decimal point. +The number of zeroes used in padding is determined by the +number of digit placeholders after the `0' for digits on +the left side of the decimal point and by the number of +digit placeholders before the `0' for digits on the right +side of the decimal point. +.TP +.BR . +Decimal point. +Determines how many digits are placed on +the right and left sides of the decimal point in the number. +If +.I locale +is set, the decimal point for the user's current locale +will be used when formatting a number. +Note that numbers smaller than 1 will begin with a decimal +point if the left side of the decimal point contains only +a `#' digit placeholder. +Use a `0' placeholder to get a leading zero in decimal formats. +.TP +.BR % +Percentage. +For each `%' character in the format, the actual +number gets multiplied by 100 (only for purposes of formatting +-- the original number is left unmodified) and the `%' character +is placed in the same position as it is in the format. +.TP +.BR , +Thousands separator. +The presence of a `,' in the format +(multiple commas are treated as one) will cause the number +to be formatted with a `,' separating each set of three digits +in the integer part of the number with numbering beginning +from the right end of the integer. +If +.I locale +is set, the thousands separator for the user's current +locale will be used in place of the comma. +If the environment variable LC_ALL is unset, unrecognized, +or is set to ``POSIX'' or ``C'', any commas in the format +string will be ignored. +.TP +.BR & +Precision. +When this character is present in the fractional +part of the number, it is equivalent to a number of 0's equal +to the precision specified in the column format command. +For example, if the precision is 3, `&' is equivalent to `000'. +.TP +.BR \e +Quote. +This character causes the next character to be +inserted into the formatted string directly with no +special interpretation. +.TP +.BR E-\ E+\ e-\ e+ +Scientific format. +Causes the number to be formatted in scientific notation. +The case of the `E' or `e' given is preserved. +If the format uses a `+', then the sign is +always given for the exponent value. +If the format uses a `-', then the sign is +only given when the exponent value is negative. +Note that if there is no digit placeholder +following the `+' or `-', then that part of the +formatted number is left out. +In general, there should be one or more digit +placeholders after the `+' or `-'. +.TP +.BR ; +Format selector. +Use this character to separate the format +into two distinct formats. +The format to the left of the `;' character +will be used if the number given is zero or positive. +The format to the right of the `;' character is +used if the number given is negative. +.RE +.IP +Some example formats are integer (``0'' or ``#''), +fixed (``0.00''), percentage (``0%'' or ``0.00%''), +scientific (``0.00E+00''), +and currency (``$#,0.00;($#,0.00)''). +.IP +Date format strings are identified by the +presence of a ^D in the first postition. +If this is present, the remainder of the +string is passed to the strftime() function, +and therefore uses the same conversion +specifiers as strftime(). +For more information on conversion specifiers +for date format strings, see the man page +for strftime(3). +.\" ---------- +.PP +Strings you enter must start with ". +You can leave off the trailing " and +.I sc +will add it for you. +You can also enter a string expression +by backspacing over the opening " in the prompt. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B e +Edit the value associated with the current cell. +This is identical to ``='' +except that the command line starts out containing +the old numeric value or expression associated with the cell. +The editing in this mode is vi-like. +.RS +.TP +.BR ^H +Move back a character +.TP +.BR "^V, v" +Enter navigate mode. +This mode allows you to navigate the spreadsheet +while editing a command. +When in navigate mode, +.I v +will insert the +numeric value of the current cell, if any, +into the command line, instead, while +.I ^V +will return to the previous mode (like +the ESCAPE key). +.TP +.BR ^W +Insert the expression attached to the current +cell into the command line. +If there is none, the result is ``?''. +This only works while in navigate mode. +.TP +.BR ^A +In navigate mode, go to cell +.IR A0 . +When not in navigate mode, jump to the +beginning of the line instead. +.TP +.BR ^E +Jump to the end of the line. +Unlike ``$'' (below), this can also be used from insert mode. +.TP +.BR TAB +If the character immediately preceding the +cursor is alphanumeric or ``_'', +.SM TAB +tries to find a match in the list of range names, +and if one is found, the name will be completed +on the command line. +If there are multiple matches, pressing +.SM TAB +repeatedly without any other intervening keys +will cycle through all of the valid matches. +If the character immediately preceding the cursor +is not alphanumeric or ``_'', +.SM TAB +defines a range of cells via the cursor control commands or the arrow keys. +Pressing +.SM TAB +automatically switches +.I sc +to navigate mode if you haven't already done so using the +.I ^V +command, and the range is highlighted, +starting at the cell where you typed +.SM TAB, +and continuing through the current cell. +Pressing +.SM TAB +again causes the highlighted range to be inserted into +the command line, the highlighting to be turned off, +and the previous mode to be restored. +This is most useful for defining ranges to functions such as +.IR @sum (). +Pressing ``)'' acts just like typing the +.SM TAB +key the second time and adds the closing ``)''. +Note that when you give a range command, +if the first argument to the command is a range, +you don't need to press the first +.SM TAB +to begin defining a range starting with the current cell. +.TP +.BR : +Synonym for +.SM TAB, +when in navigate mode. +.TP +.BR "` '" +In navigate mode, go to marked cell. +.TP +.BR * +In navigate mode, go to note linked to current cell. +.TP +.BR + +Forward through history (same as j) +.TP +.BR - +Backward through history (same as k) +.TP +.BR ESC +Done editing +.TP +.BR CR +Save. +When in navigate mode, insert the name of the current +cell (the one at the cell cursor) into the command line. +This is useful when entering expressions +which refer to other cells in the table. +.TP +.BR $ +Goto last column +.TP +.BR % +Goto matching parenthesis +.TP +.BR . +Insert current dot buffer. +When in navigate mode, this is a synonym for : or +.SM TAB. +.TP +.BR ; +Repeat the last f, F, t, or T command. +.TP +.BR , +Repeat the last f, F, t, or T command, +but in the reverse direction. +.TP +.BR ~ +Change the case of the character under the cursor. +.TP +.BR / +Search backwards for a string in the history +.RS +\fBESC\fP edit the string you typed +.br +\fBCR\fP search +.br +\fB^H\fP backspace +.RE +.TP +.BR ? +Search forward for a string in the history (see ``/'' above) +.TP +.BR 0 +Goto column 0 +.TP +.BR B +Move back a word. +Like +.IR b , +except words are space delimited only. +.TP +.BR C +Change to end of line (delete first, then enter insert mode) +.TP +.BR D +Delete to end of line +.TP +.BR F +Find the next char typed, moving backwards in the line +.TP +.BR G +Go to the end of history, i.e., to the line being currently entered +.TP +.BR I +Insert at column 0; ESC revert back to edit mode +.TP +.BR N +Repeat the last search in the opposite direction +.TP +.BR P +Insert the most recently deleted text before the cursor +.TP +.BR R +Replace mode; ESC revert back to edit mode +.TP +.BR T +Goto a char, moving backwards in the line +.TP +.BR W +Forward a word. +Like +.IR w , +except words are space delimited only. +.TP +.BR X +Delete the char to the left +.TP +.BR a +Append after cursor; ESC revert back to edit mode +.TP +.BR b +Move back a word +.TP +.BR c +Change mode; ESC revert back to edit mode. +In navigate mode, insert color range which includes +the current cell. +.TP +.BR d +Delete ... +.RS +\fB0\fP delete to beginning of line\br +.br +\fB$\fP delete to end of line\br +.br +\fBb\fP back word\br +.br +\fBe\fP delete to end of word\br +.br +\fBf\fP forward (right)\br +.br +\fBh\fP back char\br +.br +\fBl\fP forward\br +.br +\fBt\fP delete forward up to a given char (next char typed)\br +.br +\fBw\fP delete next word forward\br +.RE +.TP +.BR e +Forward to next end-of-word +.TP +.BR f +Find the next char typed. +In navigate mode, insert the outer frame range which +includes the current cell. +.TP +.BR g +In navigate mode, allows you to `goto' a cell or range, +just like the regular +.I goto +command. +Ignored in edit, insert or replace modes. +.TP +.BR h +Move left a char +.TP +.BR i +Insert before cursor; ESC revert back to edit mode +.TP +.BR j +Forward through history (same as +) +.TP +.BR k +Backward through history (same as -) +.TP +.BR l +Move right a char +.TP +.BR n +Repeat the last search (find the next match) +.TP +.BR o +When highlighting a range in navigate mode, move +to the opposite corner of the highlighted range. +.TP +.BR p +Insert the most recently deleted text after the cursor +.TP +.BR q +Stop editing +.TP +.BR r +Replace char. +In navigate mode, insert the inner frame range which +includes the current cell. +.TP +.BR s +Delete current char and enter insert mode (stands for substitute) +.TP +.BR t +Goto a char +.TP +.BR u +Undo +.TP +.BR w +Forward a word +.TP +.BR x +Delete the current char (moving to the right) +.TP +.BR y +Copies to the delete buffer without deleting. +Use like d (above). +.RE +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B E +Edit the string associated with the current cell. +This is identical to ``<'', ``\\'', or ``>'' +except that the command line starts out containing +the old string value or expression associated with the cell. +SEE +.I e +ABOVE. +.\" ---------- +.PP +To enter and edit a cell's number part, use the ``='', ``+'', and +.I e +commands. +To enter and edit a cell's string part, use the ``<'', ``\\'', ``>'', and +.I E +commands. +See the sections below on numeric and string +expressions for more information. + +Note that the descriptions of the ``+'' and ``-'' commands below +may seem very confusing at first, but once they're understood, +they can facilitate the rapid entry of expressions which add and +subtract large numbers of cells and sums of ranges of cells, so read +them over carefully several times until you understand them. +.\" ---------- +.IP \fB"\fP +Specify a named buffer for the next +yank/delete/pull command. +Buffers are named with a single character. +Buffers +.RI `` a '' +through +.RI `` z '' +are general purpose buffers, +buffers +.RI `` 1 '' +through +.RI `` 9 '' +hold the last nine deletions, +with buffer +.RI `` 1 '' +being the most recent, +and buffer +.RI `` 0 '' +holds the last cell or range yanked. +Buffer +.RI `` """" '' +is the default buffer, which holds the last +cell or range that was deleted or yanked. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B x +Clear the current cell. +Deletes the numeric value, label string, and/or +numeric or string expression. +You can prefix this command with a count of the +number of cells on the current row to clear. +The current column is used if column +recalculation order is set. +Cells cleared with this command may be recalled +with any of the +.I pull +commands (see below). +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI m x +Mark the current cell. +.I sc +will prompt for a lowercase letter to +be used as a mark specifier. +Marked cells may be used as the source for the +.I copy +command, or as the target of a +.I ` +or +.I ' +(go to marked cell) command. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI c x +Copy a marked cell to the current cell, adjusting row and +column references in its numeric or string expression, if any. +.I sc +will prompt for the name of the cell to be copied, which may +be a lowercase letter specified previously with the +.I m +command, a digit 1-9 to reference one of the last nine edited +cells (0 will reference the last cell in which an edit was +begun, regardless of whether the edit was completed or not), or +.RI `` . '' +to reference the current cell, which, as a special case, is to +be used as a source rather than a destination, and is to be +copied into a range which includes the current cell. +When +.RI `` . '' +is specified, the current cell is set as the default source +range for the range copy +.RI ( rc ) +command, and then the +.I copy +command is entered into the command line and +.I sc +switches to navigate mode. +Moving the cell cursor will then highlight the destination +range. +After the desired range is highlighted, press +.SM RETURN +to execute the copy. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B + +If not in numeric mode, add the current numeric argument +(default 1) to the value of the current cell. +The current value of the cell must not be an expression. +In numeric mode, +.I + +switches to insert mode and appends a ``+'' to the current +expression or value, if any, which makes it easy to add to +existing data. + +In navigate mode, +.I + +inserts the current cell address into the line, followed +by another +.IR + , +and +.I sc +remains in navigate mode, unless a range is highlighted. +If a range is highlighted and the character immediately +preceding the cursor is a ``+'' or ``-'', +or the cursor is at the beginning of an empty ``let'' +expression, the string ``@sum('' will be +inserted, followed by the highlighted range, followed +by ``)+''. +If a range is highlighted and the character immediately +preceding the cursor is not a ``+'' or ``-'', and the +cursor is not at the beginning of an empty ``let'' +expression, the highlighted range will be inserted, +followed by ``)+''. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B - +If not in numeric mode, subtract the current numeric +argument (default 1) from the value of the current cell. +The current value of the cell must not be an expression. +In numeric mode, +.I - +switches to insert mode and appends a ``-'' to the current +expression or value, if any, which makes it easy to subtract +from existing data. + +In navigate mode, +.I - +inserts the current cell address into the line, followed +by another +.IR - , +and +.I sc +remains in navigate mode, unless a range is highlighted. +If a range if highlighted and the character immediately +preceding the cursor is a ``+'' or ``-'', +or the cursor is at the beginning of an empty ``let'' +expression, the string ``@sum('' will be +inserted, followed by the highlighted range, followed +by ``)-''. +If a range is highlighted and the character immediately +preceding the cursor is not a ``+'' or ``-'', and the +cursor is not at the beginning of an empty ``let'' +expression, the highlighted range will be inserted, +followed by ``)-''. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B RETURN +If you are not editing a cell (top line is empty), +pressing +.SM RETURN +will make +.I sc +enter insert mode. +At this point you may type any valid command or press +.B ESC +once to edit. +.\" ========== +.SS "File Commands" +.\" ---------- +\0 \" exactly one blank line (hard to get) +.PD 0 +.TP +.B G +Get a new database from a file. +If encryption is enabled, +the file is decrypted before it is loaded into the spreadsheet. +.PD +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B P +Put the current database into a file. +If encryption is enabled, +the file is encrypted before it is saved. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B ZZ +Save the current database into a file if +it has been modified, and then quit. +This is like the +.I P +command followed by the +.I q +command, except that the default filename will +be used instead of prompting you for one, and +the file will only be saved if it was modified. +If there is no default filename, an error message +will be displayed, and no action taken. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B W +Write a listing of the current database into a file +in a form that matches its appearance on the screen. +This differs from the +.I Put +command in that its files are intended to be reloaded with +.IR Get , +while +.I Write +produces a file for people to look at. +Hidden rows or columns are not shown when the data is printed. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B T +Write a listing of the current database to a file, +but include delimiters suitable for processing by the +.IR tbl , +.IR LaTeX , +or +.I TeX +table processors. +The delimiters are controlled by the +.I tblstyle +option. See +.I Set +above. +The delimiters are a colon\ (:) for style +.IR 0 +or +.IR tbl +and an ampersand\ (&) for style +.IR latex +or +.IR tex . +.\" ---------- +.PP +With the +.IR Put , +.IR Write , +and +.I Table +commands, the optional range argument writes a subset +of the spreadsheet to the output file. +.\" ---------- +.PP +With the +.I Write +and +.I Table +commands, if you try to write to the last file used with the +.I Get +or +.I Put +commands, or the file specified on the command line when +.I sc +was invoked, you are asked to confirm that the +(potentially) dangerous operation is really what you want. +.\" ---------- +.PP +The three output commands, +.IR Put , +.IR Write , +and +.IR Table , +can pipe their (unencrypted only) output to a program. +To use this feature, +enter ``| program'' to the prompt asking for a filename. +For example, to redirect the output of the +.I Write +command to the printer, +you might enter ``| lpr -p''. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B M +Merge the database from the named file into the current database. +Values and expressions defined in the named file +are read into the current spreadsheet overwriting +the existing entries at matching cell locations. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B R +Run macros. +There are two different kinds of macros that can be used with +.IR sc : +simple macros, which are stored in plain text files, +and advanced macros, which are executable files, and +which can be written in the language of your choice. +Advanced macros are only available on systems that support pipes. + +Simple macros are interpreted by +.IR sc 's +internal parser, and use the same commands +used to enter data and perform other operations +(the single key commands are shortcuts which switch +to input mode after first entering the beginning of +the full command for you). +These are also the same commands found in +.I sc +files created with the Put command. +Since +.I sc +files are saved as ASCII files, +it is possible to use them as primitive macro definition files. +The +.I Run +command makes this easier. +It's like the +.I Merge +command, +but prints a saved path name as the start of the filename to merge in. +The string to use is set with the +.I Define +command. +To write macros, you must be familiar with the file format written by the +.I Put +command. + +Advanced macros use executable files that are started by +.I sc +as a child process with stdin and stdout redirected back to +.I sc +for bidirectional communication. +Special commands are available for requesting information +such as cell contents, formatting information, or the +current location of the cell cursor. +Commands are written to stdout, and responses are read from +stdin. +To use advanced macros, the filename must be preceded by +a | (the pipe symbol), and the file must be executable. +If the pathname set with the +.I Define +command begins with a |, all files in that path will +be executed as advanced macros. +It is also possible to include a filename as +part of the path when using advanced macros, +which allows you to put multiple macros in a single +file, and use the +.I Run +command to add command line arguments or options +to determine which macro should be run. +Advanced macros are relatively new, and +documentation is still incomplete. +This feature will probably be enhanced in future releases. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B A +Specify a macro to be automatically run whenever +the current sheet is reloaded from a file. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B D +Define a path for the +.I Run +command to use (see above). +.\" ---------- +.PP +All file operations take a filename as the first argument +to the prompt on the top line. +The prompt supplies a " to aid in typing in the filename. +The filename can also be obtained from a cell's label string +or string expression. +In this case, delete the leading " with the backspace key +and enter a cell name such as +.I a22 +instead. +If the resulting string starts with ``|'', +the rest of the string is interpreted as a +.SM UNIX +command, as above. +.\" ========== +.SS "Row and Column Commands" +.\" ---------- +These are two-letter commands which can be used on +either rows or columns. The exceptions are the +.I f +command, which only works on columns, and therefore +doesn't require a second letter, and the +.I p +command which, in addition to operating on rows or columns, +has several other options for merging the data in directly, +without opening up a new row or column. +There are also a few special cases where pressing the same +letter twice will affect only the current cell instead of +a row or column (except for +.IR ZZ , +which is a special case all its own). +.PP +In all of the remaining cases, the second letter of the +command will be either +.I r +or +.IR c , +depending on whether the operation should be performed on +rows or columns, respectively (additional options for the +.I p +command and the double letter cases are listed below). +A small menu lists the choices for the second letter +when you type the first letter of one of these commands. +.PP +Alternatively, you may define a range of rows or columns +by moving the cell cursor, either a cell at a time, or +by pages (roughly 1/2 screen, unless the +.I pagesize +option has been set), but this only works for the +.IR d , +.IR y , +and +.I Z +commands. +Vertical cursor movement will begin highlighting rows, +and horizontal movement will highlight columns. +Pressing the +.SM RETURN +key will then perform the chosen operation +on the specified rows/columns. +.PP +Commands which copy cells also modify the row and +column references in affected cell expressions. +The references may be frozen by using the +.I @fixed +operator or using the +.I $ +character in the reference to the cell (see below). +Commands which create new rows or columns will include +all newly created cells in the same ranges (named, framed, +color, or those used in expressions) as their counterparts +in the current row or column. +This can sometimes be a significant factor when deciding +whether to use +.IR ir / ic " or " or / oc . +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B "ir, ic" +Insert a new row (column) by moving the row (column) +containing the cell cursor, and all following +rows (columns), down (right) one row (column). +The new row (column) is empty. +Inserting rows while the cell cursor is in a framed +range will only effect rows in that range, leaving +all rows to the left and right untouched. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B "or, oc" +Open a new row (column). +These commands work like the +.I ir +and +.I ic +commands, except that the new row (column) will be +inserted +.I after +the current row (column) instead of before it. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B "ar, ac" +Append a new row (column) immediately following +the current row (column). +It is initialized as a copy of the current one. +Appending rows while the cell cursor is in a framed +range will only effect rows in that range, leaving +all rows to the left and right untouched. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B "dr, dc, dd" +Delete the current row (column). +.I dd +deletes the current cell (i.e., it is a synonym for +.IR x ). +Deleting rows while the cell cursor is in a framed +range will only effect rows in that range, leaving +all rows to the left and right untouched. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B "yr, yc, yy" +Yank a copy of the current row (column) into the +delete buffer without actually deleting it. +.I yy +yanks the current cell (similar to +.IR x , +but without actually deleting the contents of the cell). +Yanking rows while the cell cursor is in a framed +range will only copy the portion of each row contained +in that range, while ignoring everything outside the +range. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B "pr, pc, pp, pm, px, pt, pC, p." +Pull deleted rows/columns/cells back into the spreadsheet. +The last set of cells that was deleted or yanked is put +back into the spreadsheet at the current location. +.I pr +inserts enough rows to hold the data. +.I pc +inserts enough columns to hold the data. +.I pp +(paste) does not insert rows or columns; +it overwrites the cells beginning at the +current cell cursor location. +.I pm +(merge) merges the cells in at the current cell +cursor location, but does not erase the destination +range first like +.IR pp . +The difference between +.I pp +and +.I pm +is similar to the difference between the +.I Get +and +.I Merge +commands. +.I pf +(format) works like +.I pm +except that only cell formatting information is merged in, +leaving the actual data untouched. +This makes it easy to copy cell formats from one part of the +spreadsheet to another, such as when expanding an existing +spreadsheet file. +.I px +(exchange) copies the contents of the delete buffer into +the range beginning at the current cell cursor location, +while simultaneously copying the contents of this range +back into the delete buffer, replacing its current contents. +.I pt +(transpose) overwrites the cells beginning at the current +cell cursor location like +.I pp, +but transposes rows for columns and vice versa. +.I pC +(copy) works like +.I pp, +except that all cell references are adjusted in +the same way that they are for the +.I copy +command. +.I p. +is the same as +.I pC, +except that it switches to navigate mode and allows +you to define the destination range to be used. +This works like the +.I copy +command in that if the source range (the contents of +the delete buffer) is a single row, column, or cell, +multiple copies may be made. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B "vr, vc, vv" +Remove expressions from the affected rows (columns), +leaving only the values which were in the cells +before the command was executed. +When used in a framed range, +.I vr +only affects the portion of the the row inside the range, +leaving the rest of the row unchanged. +.I vv +only affects the contents of the current cell. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B "Zr, Zc, ZZ" +Hide (``zap'') the current row (column). +This keeps a row (column) from being displayed +but keeps it in the data base. +The status of the rows and columns is saved with +the data base so hidden rows and columns will +still be hidden when you reload the spreadsheet. +Hidden rows or columns are not printed by the +.I W +command. +The +.IR ZZ +command is a special case. +It does not hide anything. +Instead, the file will be saved, if modified, and +.I sc +will exit. +See +.I ZZ +above, under +.I "File Commands." +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B "sr, sc" +Show hidden rows (columns). +Enter a range of rows (columns) to be revealed. +The default is the first range of rows (columns) currently hidden. +This command ignores the repeat count, if any. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B f +Set the output format to be used for printing the +numeric values in each cell in the current column. +This command has only a column version (no second letter). +You may change the column width by pressing the +.IR h , +.IR < , +or cursor left key to reduce it, or the +.IR l , +.IR > , +or cursor right key to increase it. +Likewise, you may change the precision (the +number of digits to follow decimal points) +by pressing the +.IR j , +.IR - , +or cursor down key to reduce it, or the +.IR k , +.IR + , +or cursor up key to increase it. +You may also change the format type for the +column by pressing any digit. +If the +.I f +command is preceded by a numeric argument, +that argument will determine how many columns should +be changed, beginning with the current column, and +in the case of incrementing or decrementing the width +or precision of the columns, each column will be +incremented or decremented separately, regardless of +its initial values. +Several formatting operations may be performed in sequence. +To leave the formatting command, simply press +.BR ESC , +.IR ^G , +.IR q , +or +.SM RETURN . +.IP +Alternatively, you may press +.BR SPACE +to get the +.I format +command in the top line and enter all three values directly. +In order, these are: +the total width in characters of the column, +the precision, and the format type. +Format types are 0 for fixed point, 1 for scientific +notation, 2 for engineering notation, 3 for dates with +a two digit year, and 4 for dates with a four digit year. +Values are rounded off to the least significant digit displayed. +The total column width affects displays of strings as well as numbers. +A preceding count can be used to affect more than one column. +.IP +You can also create your own format types by pressing +.I = +after the +.I f +command, followed by any digit (see the +.I F +command above under +.I "Cell Entry and Editing Commands" +for a description of how to build a format string). +Format numbers 0 through 4 will supersede the +built-in format types, while numbers 5 through 9 +will supplement them. +User defined format types may be used in +the same way as the built-in types. +For example, the command +.RS +.IP +.I "format 5 = ""#,0.& ;(#,0.&)""" +.RE +.IP +will define a currency format which may then be +assigned to column C, for example, with the command +.RS +.IP +.I format C 10 2 5 +.RE +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B "@myrow, @mycol" +Are functions that return the row or column +of the current cell respectively. +ex: The cell directly above a cell in the D +column could then be accessed by @nval("d",@myrow-1). +NOTE: @myrow and @mycol can't be used in specifying ranges. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B "@lastrow, @lastcol" +These return the last row and column of the spreadsheet, respectively. +They are useful for macros designed to default to the +whole spreadsheet. +.\" ========== +.SS "Range Commands" +.\" ---------- +Range operations affect a rectangular region on the screen +defined by the upper left and lower right cells in the region. +All of the commands in this class begin with ``r''; +the second letter of the command indicates which command. +A small menu lists the choices for the second letter when you type ``r''. +.I sc +prompts for needed parameters for each command. +Phrases surrounded by square brackets in the prompt are +informational only and may be erased with the backspace key. +.\" ---------- +.PP +Prompts requesting variable names may be satisfied +with either an explicit variable name, such as +.IR A10 , +or with a variable name previously defined in a +.I rd +command (see below). +Range name prompts require either an explicit range such as +.IR A10:B20 , +or a range name previously defined with a +.I rd +command. +A default range shown in the second line +is used if you omit the range from the command or press the +.SM TAB +key (see below). +The default range can be changed by moving the cell cursor +via the control commands +.RI ( ^P " or " ^N ) +or the arrow keys. +The cells in the default range are highlighted +(using the terminal's standout mode, if available). +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B rx +Clear a range. +Cells cleared with this command will be saved in the +delete buffer, and may be recalled with any of the +.I pull +commands. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B ry +Yank a range. +Like +.IR rx , +cells yanked with this command will be saved in the +delete buffer, and may be recalled with any of the +.I pull +commands. +This command differs from +.IR rx , +however, in that the original cells will not be cleared. +Although this command may be used to copy a range of +cells, it treats all references as fixed. +Use +.I rc +if you want references to be relative to the +cell which contains them unless specified otherwise, +either with the +.I @fixed +operator or using the +.I $ +character in the reference to the cell. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B rc +Copy a source range to a destination range. +The source and destination may be different sizes. +The result is always one or more full copies of the source. +Copying a row to a row yields a row. +Copying a column to a column yields a column. +Copying a range to anything yields a range. +Copying a row to a column or a column to a +row yields a range with as many copies of the +source as there are cells in the destination. +This command can be used to duplicate a +cell through an arbitrary range by making +the source a single cell range such as +.IR b20:b20 . + +If the source range is omitted (second argument), +the source range from the last +.I copy +command will be used, unless a range is currently +highlighted, in which case the highlighted range +will be copied instead. +If both the source range and destination range +are omitted, the current cell will be used as +the destination, unless a range is currently +highlighted, in which case the highlighted range +will serve as the destination, and the source +range from the last +.I copy +command will be copied into that destination. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B rm +Move a source range to a destination range. +This differs from deleting a range with +.I rx +and pulling it back in with +.I pm +in that any expressions that reference a cell +in the range to be moved will reference the cell +at its new address after the move. +Unlike the +.I rc +command, the destination of a move is a single cell, +which will be the upper lefthand corner of the +source range after the move. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B rv +Values only. +This command removes the expressions from a range of cells, +leaving just the values of the expressions. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B rs +Sort a range. +The rows in the specified range will be sorted according +to criteria given in the form of a string of characters. +This string, enclosed in double quotes, may comprise a +single criterion or multiple criteria in decreasing order +of precedence. +Each criterion has three parts, all of which are mandatory. +The first part is a single character, which must be either +.I + +or +.IR - , +which specifies whether the sort should be done in ascending +or descending order, respectively. +The second part, which is also a single character, must be either +.I # +or +.IR $ , +and is used to specify whether the sort should be based +on the numeric portion or the string portion, respectively, +of the cells being used for the comparison. +The third part may be either one or two characters, and +must be alphabetic (case insensitive), and specifies +the column to be used when making the comparisons. +This column must be in the range being sorted. +Any number of criteria may be concatenated, and will +be used in the order specified. +If no criteria are specified, the default behavior is to sort +in ascending order, first by string and then by number, +using the leftmost column of the range being sorted. +This is equivalent to specifying the sort criteria to be +.RI """ +$a+#a """, +where both +.IR a 's +are replaced by the name of the leftmost +column of the range being sorted. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B rf +Fill a range with constant values +starting with a given value and increasing by a given increment. +Each row is filled before moving on to the +next row if row order recalculation is set. +Column order fills each column in the range +before moving on to the next column. +The start and increment numbers may be positive or negative. +To fill all cells with the same value, give an increment of zero. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B r{ +Left justify all strings in the specified range. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B r} +Right justify all strings in the specified range. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B r| +Center all strings in the specified range. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B rd +Use this command to assign a symbolic name to a single +cell or a rectangular range of cells on the screen. +The parameters are the name, surrounded by "", +and either a single cell name such as +.I A10 +or a range such as +.IR a1:b20 . +Names defined in this fashion are used by the program in future prompts, +may be entered in response to prompts requesting a cell or range name, +and are saved when the spreadsheet is saved with the +.I Put +command. +Names defined may be any combination of alphanumeric +characters and +.RI ` _ ' +as long as the name isn't a valid cell address. +Thus, +.IR x , +.IR H2SO4 , +and +.I 3rdDay +are all valid names, but +.I H2 +is not. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B rl +Use this command to lock the current cell or +a range of cells, i.e. make them immune +to any type of editing. +A locked cell can't be changed in +any way until it is unlocked. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B rU +This command is the opposite of the +.I rl +command and thus unlocks a locked cell and makes it editable. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B rS +This command shows lists of the currently defined +range names, framed ranges, and color definitions +and ranges, one after the other. +The output of this command will be piped to +.IR less . +If the environment variable PAGER is set, +its value is used in place of +.IR less . +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B ru +Use this command to undefine a previously defined range name. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B rF +Use this command to assign a value format string (see +the ``F'' cell entry command) to a range of cells. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B rr +This command is used for creating, modifying, +and deleting framed ranges. +A framed range, is one which has a number of rows +or columns specified at the top, bottom, left, +and/or right (the frame) which must remain onscreen +whenever the cell cursor is within that range. +In other words, a frame consists of an outer range +and an inner range, where the inner range is allowed +to scroll within the outer range. +Once a frame is defined, the inner range may be +resized, but the outer range remains fixed unless +rows or columns are added or deleted within the range. + +When this command is invoked, you will be prompted for +the type of frame-related action you would like to perform. +You may select an option from the list by typing its +first letter. + +The options are +.IR top , +.IR bottom , +.IR left , +.IR right , +.IR all , +and +.I unframe. +If you choose +.IR top , +.IR bottom , +.IR left , +or +.I right, +you will be prompted for a range and number of rows/columns. +The range may be omitted if the cell cursor is +in a previously defined framed range, in which case +that range's outer range will be used instead. +The number of rows/columns will set or adjust the +width of the corresponding side of the frame. +If all of these widths are set to zero, the frame +will be undefined (same as the unframe command). + +If you choose +.IR all , +you will be prompted for an outer range and an inner range, +in which case the inner range will scroll within the outer +range, and any rows or columns outside of the inner range, +but inside the outer range will be part of the ``frame'' +that is to remain onscreen. +The outer range may be omitted if the cell cursor is +in a previously defined framed range, in which case +the previously defined outer range will be used. +However, if a single range is specified on the command line, +while another range wholly contained within this range is +highlighted, the specified range will be used as the +outer range, and the highlighted range will be used as +the inner range. +If no range is specified on the command line, but a range +is highlighted, and the highlighted range is wholly contained +within a previously defined framed range, the highlighted +range will be used as the inner range, and the previously +defined outer range will be used as the outer range. + +If you choose +.IR unframe, +you will be prompted for a range, and if the +range is found in the list of frames, the frame +will be deleted, and the framing will no longer +be active (the specified range must be the outer +range of the previously defined frame to be deleted). +The range may be omitted if the cell cursor is +in a previously defined framed range, in which case +that range will be used by default. + +Framed ranges may not be nested or overlapping. +If you try to define a range that contains any cells +in common with a previously defined framed range, +an error message will be issued, and the frame +will not be created. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B rC +This command defines a color range, and specifies a +foreground/background pair to be used for that range. +See "Color Commands" below for more information. +.\" ========== +.SS "Note Commands" +.\" ---------- +A note is a cell or range of cells that can +be jumped to quickly from another cell by +creating a special link in that cell. +The note may contain text explaining the +contents of the cell containing the link, +similar to a footnote, or it may simply be +another part of the spreadsheet that is +related to the cell in some way. +When you press the `n' key, you will get a +short prompt asking you whether you want +to add or delete a note, or to ``show'' +(by highlighting) which cells on the +screen have attached notes. +.PP +If a cell with an attached note contains +numeric data, it will be preceded with an ``*''. +If color is available and turned on, the ``*'' +will be displayed with color 4. +Also, the note address will be displayed +in curly braces on the top line, preceded by an ``*'', +when the cell is current (e.g. +.I {*AC30:AE43} +or +.I {*note1} +for a named range). +You may also use the +.I *s +(Note/Show) command to highlight all cells +on the current screen with attached notes. +.TP +.B *a +Add a note. +This will bring up the addnote command +in the top line, followed by the target address +of the cell where you want the note added. You +must then enter the cell or range where the note +resides to add the note. +If you omit the note address or range, the currently +highlighted range, if any, will be used. +Otherwise, the current cell will be used (you +would, of course, want to move away from the +cell in which the addnote command was invoked +in the latter case). +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B *d +Delete a note. +If there is a note attached to the current +cell, the link will be removed (deleted). +The note itself will not be removed from +the spreadsheet. +If it is no longer needed, it must be deleted +in a separate step. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B *s +Show all notes on the current screen. +If there are any cells on the visible portion +of the spreadsheet which contain attached +notes, they will be highlighted until the +next screen change, no matter how minor. +Simply moving to a new cell will be enough +to turn off the highlighting. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B ** +Jump to a note. +If there is a note attached to the current cell, +you will be immediately transported to that cell. +You may return from the note to where you were +by pressing ` twice. +.\" ========== +.SS "Color Commands" +.\" ---------- +Color may be enabled by setting the color option +(``set color''), or by toggling it with ^TC +(control-T followed by an uppercase C). +If color is enabled, you may define up to eight +color pairs, each consisting of a foreground +color and a background color. +Each of these colors may be defined by an expression +which is evaluated at the same time the rest of the +spreadsheet is evaluated. +Color expressions may be simple, specifying only +a foreground color and a background color, or +they may be arbitrarily complex, causing the colors +to change based upon other data in the spreadsheet, +for example. +Color ranges may then be defined using the +.I rC +command, with a color number (1-8) assigned to +the range (see below). +.PP +Some of the color numbers may have special meaning +under certain circumstances, but may also be used +explicitly at the same time. +For example, color 1 is the default color pair if +color is enabled but no color has been defined for +a given cell. +It is also the color used for the column and row +labels and the top two lines of the display, which +are used for prompts, input, error messages, etc. +Color 2, while not explicitly used for all negative +numbers, will be used for negative numbers in cells +which have no other color defined when colorneg is +turned on (``set colorneg'' or ^TN). +This is because colorneg causes all cells with +negative numbers to have their color number incremented +by one (cycling back to color 1 if the cell is defined +as using color 8). +Color 3 is used for all cells with errors (ERROR or +INVALID), if colorerr is set (``set colorerr'' or ^TE), +regardless of which color they have been defined to use, +or whether they have been defined to use any color at all. +Color 4 is used to highlight the ``*'' which signifies +that a cell has a note attached. +.PP +If two color ranges are nested or overlapping, any +cell that is common to both will be displayed using +the color of the most recently defined color range. +You can list all color definitions and color ranges +with the rS (show) command (see below). +.TP +.B C +This command first prompts you for the color +number you would like to define (or redefine). +After selecting a number (1-8), you may enter +an expression which defines the foreground and +background colors. +If the chosen color has previously been defined, +the old definition will be presented for editing. +The syntax of the color command is: +.RS +.IP +.B color +.I number += +.I expression +.RE +.IP +where +.I number +is the number of the color pair you want to define, and +.I expression +is the definition. +If the expression is missing, the specified +color number will be unset (it will revert +to its default start-up colors). +Unlike setting it explicitly to its original +value, this will not cause the expression +to be written to the file when saved. +See below for an explanation of the format +of a color expression. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B rC +This command defines a color range, and specifies a +foreground/background pair to be used for that range. +Although this command also uses the +.I color +command, the syntax is different from that used for +defining a color pair. +This syntax is: +.RS +.IP +.B color +.I range number +.RE +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B rS +This command shows lists of the currently defined +range names, framed ranges, and color definitions +and ranges, one after the other. +The output of this command will be piped to +.IR less . +If the environment variable PAGER is set, +its value is used in place of +.IR less . +.PP +Color expressions are exactly like any other numeric expression, +and may contain any function or operator that is valid in +any other numeric expression. +There are, however special functions designed specifically for +defining colors. +These functions are: +.IP + @black + @red + @green + @yellow + @blue + @magenta + @cyan + @white +.PP +Although these function names are intended to reflect the +color they produce, and use the same names as the curses +colors, @yellow may appear as brown on many displays, +especially those based on the VGA standard. +.PP +In addition to special functions for specifying colors, +there is also a special operator for combining two such +colors into a single number which specifies both a +foreground and a background color. +This operator is the semicolon (;). +For example, the command +.IP +.I color 1 = @white;@green +.PP +will set the foreground color to white and the +background color to green for any cell or range +of cells defined to use color 1, or which have no color +defined. +If the semicolon operator is not used, and only one +color is specified, that color will be used for the +foreground, and the background will default to black. +.PP +Although the above example is the easiest way to specify +foreground and background colors, and will probably meet +most people's needs, +.I sc +allows much more power and flexibility, should the +need arise, due to the fact that any color can be +specified by an expression. +For example, +.IP +.I color 5 = B23<E75?(@black;@cyan):(@white;@magenta) +.PP +will cause all cells defined with color 5 to be displayed +as black text on a cyan background if the numeric value +in cell B23 is less than the numeric value in cell E75; +otherwise, they will be displayed as white text on a +magenta background. If you prefer to have the foreground +and background colors dependent on different criteria, +you could do something like this: +.IP +.I color 5 = (B23<E75?@white:@cyan);(D5%2?@red:@blue) +.PP +This will cause the text color for color 5 to be either white +or cyan, depending on the numeric values in cells B23 and E75, +as in the previous example, and the background color to be +either red or blue, depending on whether the numeric value in +cell D5 is odd or even. +.PP +Note that although a color expression may contain any +function which is valid in any other numeric expression, +the @myrow and @mycol functions will always evaluate to 0. +This is because a color expression is not tied to any +particular cell, but is instead evaluated once, and the +result used for all cells defined to use that color. +.PP +Also note that if a color expression results in an error, +the color will default to black text on a black background. +If color 1 results in an error, color will be disabled so +that you can see the input line to correct the error, +after which color will need to be reenabled manually. +.PP +Default colors are in effect for all colors until defined +otherwise. +These default colors are as follows: +.IP + color 1 = @white;@blue + color 2 = @red;@blue + color 3 = @white;@red + color 4 = @black;@yellow + color 5 = @black;@cyan + color 6 = @red;@cyan + color 7 = @white;@black + color 8 = @red;@black +.\" ========== +.SS "Miscellaneous Commands" +.\" ---------- +\0 \" exactly one blank line (hard to get) +.PD 0 +.TP +.B Q +.TP +.B q +.TP +.B ^C +Exit from +.IR sc . +If you made any changes since the last +.I Get +or +.IR Put , +.I sc +asks about saving your data before exiting. +.PD +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B ^G +.PD 0 +.TP +.B ESC +Abort entry of the current command. +.PD +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B ? +Enter an interactive help facility. +Lets you look up brief summaries of +the main features of the program. +The help facility is structured like this +manual page so it is easy to find more +information on a particular topic, +although it may not be completely +up-to-date. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B ! +Shell escape. +.I sc +prompts for a shell command to run. +End the command line with the +.SM RETURN +key. +If the environment variable +.SM SHELL +is defined, that shell is run. +If not, /bin/sh is used. +Giving a null command line starts the shell in interactive mode. +A second ``!'' repeats the previous command. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B ~ +Abbreviations. +You may set abbreviations to speed up the entry of repetitive data. +Abbreviations work much like abbreviations in vi, except that +when defining an abbreviation, both the abbreviation and the +expanded text must be contained within quotes, separated by a +single space. +If more than one space separates the abbreviation from the +expanded text, it will be included as part of the expanded +text. + +There are three types of abbreviations available in sc. +In the first type, all characters must be either alphanumeric +or ``_''. +In the second type, the last character must be alphanumeric +or ``_'', but all other characters must not be alphanumeric +or ``_''. +Neither type may contain spaces. +The third type of abbreviation is a single character, and +must be alphanumeric or ``_''. + +When using abbreviations, the first type must be at the beginning +of the line, or must be preceded by any character which is not +alphanumeric or ``_''. +The second type must be at the beginning of the line, or must +be preceded either by an alphanumeric character, ``_'', or a +space. +Single character abbreviations must be at the beginning of the +line or preceded by a space. + +Abbreviations will be automatically expanded as soon as the +space bar or return key is pressed, or when pressing the +ESC key at the end of the abbreviation to switch to edit mode. +You can also force an abbreviation to be expanded by following +it with a +.IR ^] , +which won't be inserted into the line. +If you don't want an abbreviation to be expanded, you must +either press +.I ^V +twice or switch to edit mode and back again +somewhere within the abbreviation (pressing +.I ^V +twice also has the effect of switching to navigate mode +and back again). + +If the string in the abbreviation command contains no spaces, +the entire string will be looked up in the list of abbreviations, +and if found, the definition will be displayed in the form of +the original +.I abbreviation +command used to define it. +When looking up an abbreviation in this manner, be sure to +disable abbreviation expansion, as described above, or the +results may not be what you expect. + +If the string is empty, a list of all abbreviations and their +corresponding expanded text will be output to your pager. +Note that abbreviations are not saved with the file. +This allows each user to create his own file of abbreviations +and either merge them in or include them in his own .scrc file, +rather than force all users who access a file to use the same +list of abbreviations. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B ^L +Redraw the screen. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B ^R +Redraw the screen with special highlighting of cells to be filled in. +This is useful for finding values you need to provide +or update in a form with which you aren't familiar +or of which you have forgotten the details. + +It's also useful for checking a form you are creating. +All cells which contain constant numeric values +(not the result of a numeric expression) +are highlighted temporarily, +until the next screen change, however minor. +To avoid ambiguity, +the current range (if any) and current cell are not highlighted. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B ^X +This command is similar to +.IR ^R , +but highlights cells which have expressions. +It also displays the expressions in the highlighted cells +as left-flushed strings, +instead of the numeric values and/or label strings of those cells. +This command makes it easier to check expressions, +at least when they fit in their cells or the following +cell(s) are blank so the expressions can slop over +(like label strings). +In the latter case, the slop over is not cleared +on the next screen update, so you may want to type +.I ^L +after the +.I ^X +in order to clean up the screen. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B @ +Recalculates the spreadsheet. +.\" ========== +.SS "Variable Names" +.\" ---------- +Normally, a variable name is just the name of a cell, such as +.IR K20 . +The value is the numeric or string value of the cell, +according to context. +.\" ---------- +.PP +When a cell's expression (formula) is copied to another location via +.I copy +or +.IR range-copy , +variable references are by default offset by the amount the formula moved. +This allows the new formula to work on new data. +If cell references are not to change, +you can either use the +.I @fixed +operator (see below), +or one of the following variations on the cell name. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.I K20 +References cell +.IR K20 ; +the reference changes when the formula is copied. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI $ K $ 20 +Always refers to cell +.IR K20 ; +the reference stays fixed when the formula is copied. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI $ K20 +Keeps the column fixed at column K; +the row is free to vary. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.IB K $ 20 +Similarly, this fixes the row and allows the column to vary. +.\" ---------- +.PP +These conventions also hold on defined ranges. +Range references vary when formulas containing them are copied. +If the range is defined with fixed variable references, +the references do not change. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B @fixed +To make a variable not change automatically when a cell moves, +put the word +.I @fixed +in front of the reference, for example: +B1 \(** @fixed C3. +.\" ========== +.SS "Numeric Expressions" +.\" ---------- +Numeric expressions used with the ``='' +and +.I e +commands have a fairly conventional syntax. +Terms may be +constants, +variable names, +parenthesized expressions, +and negated terms. +Ranges may be operated upon with range functions such as sum +.RI ( @sum ()) +and average +.RI ( @avg ()). +Terms may be combined using binary operators. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI \- e +Negation. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.IB e + e +Addition. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.IB e \- e +Subtraction. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.IB e \(** e +Multiplication. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.IB e / e +Division. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.IB e1 % e2 +e1 mod e2. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.IB e ^ e +Exponentiation. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.IB e < e +.PD 0 +.TP +.IB e <= e +.TP +.IB e = e +.TP +.IB e != e +.TP +.IB e >= e +.TP +.IB e > e +Relationals: +true (1) if and only if the indicated relation holds, +else false (0). +Note that ``<='', ``!='', and ``>='' +are converted to their ``!()'' equivalents. +.PD +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI ~ e +Boolean operator +.SM NOT. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.IB e & e +Boolean operator +.SM AND. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.IB e | e +Boolean operator +.SM OR. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.BI @if( e , e , e ) +.PD 0 +.TP +.IB e ? e : e +.PD +Conditional: +If the first expression is true then the value of the second is returned, +otherwise the value of the third. +.\" ---------- +.PP +Operator precedence from highest to lowest is: +.PP +.nf +.RS +\-, ~, ! +^ +\(**, / ++, \- +<, <=, =, !=, >=, > +& +| +?: +.RE +.fi +.\" ========== +.SS "Built-in Range Functions" +.\" ---------- +These functions return numeric values. +The @sum, @prod, @avg, @count, @max, @min, and @stddev functions +may take an optional second argument which is an expression that +is to be evaluated for each cell in the specified range to determine +which cells to include in the function. +Only those cells for which the expression evaluates to true (non-zero) +will be used in calculating the value of the function. +Before evaluation for each cell, the expression is first converted +as if it was being copied from the cell in the upper left-hand corner +of the range into the cell under consideration, with all cell +references adjusted accordingly. +Because the parts of the expression that should remain fixed during +the evaluation of the function may not necessarily be the same as +those which should remain fixed during an actual copy operation, +the rules for adjusting cell references during a copy operation are +slightly different than normal. +In particular, these rules differ in two different ways. + +The first difference is that the +.I @fixed +operator is ignored during a copy operation unless it is enclosed +in parentheses. +This is so that selected cells whose addresses should remain fixed +during any given evaluation of a range function can be adjusted +relative to the cell containing the range function when copied (the +.I $ +prefix is still honored for these cells when copying). +Enclosing the +.I @fixed +operator in parentheses will have the opposite effect. +That is, it will cause cell references to be fixed while copying, +while allowing them to be adjusted when the function is being evaluated, +subject to any +.I $ +prefixes present. +Note that only the +.I @fixed +operator itself should be enclosed in parentheses for this to work properly. + +The second difference is that any references in the expression +that refer to cells in the range in the first argument of the +range function will have any +.I $ +prefixes ignored, and the references will be treated instead +as if they had the same +.I $ +prefixes as the left side of the range argument. +For example, if the left side of the range argument (the cell +address on the left side of the colon) has a fixed row, but does not +have a fixed column, any cell references that refer to cells in +that range will also have a fixed row, but will not have a fixed +column. +This is so that if the range reference moves when copying, +references to any cells in that range will also move accordingly. + +Note that the test expression will be evaluated once for every cell in +the range, which means that excessive use of these functions with the +optional test expression, or the use of overly complex test expressions +or with very large ranges can greatly slow down the recalculation of a +spreadsheet, and may require turning off autocalc for speed, and then manually +recalculating with the +.I @ +command. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @sum( r ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @sum( r , e ) +.PD +Sum all valid (nonblank) entries in the region +whose two corners are defined by the two variable names (e.g. +.IR c5:e14 ) +or the range name specified. +The optional second argument is an expression which can be +used to determine which cells in the range to sum (see above). +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @prod( r ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @prod( r , e ) +.PD +Multiply together all valid (nonblank) entries in the specified region. +The optional second argument is an expression which can be +used to determine which cells in the range to multiply (see above). +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @avg( r ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @avg( r , e ) +.PD +Average all valid (nonblank) entries in the specified region. +The optional second argument is an expression which can be +used to determine which cells in the range to average (see above). +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @count( r ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @count( r , e ) +.PD +Count all valid (nonblank) entries in the specified region. +The optional second argument is an expression which can be +used to determine which cells in the range to count (see above). +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @max( r ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @max( r , e ) +.PD +Return the maximum value in the specified region. +The optional second argument is an expression which can be +used to exclude specific cells in the range when determining +this maximum value (see above). +See also the multi argument version of +.I @max +below. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @min( r ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @min( r , e ) +.PD +Return the minimum value in the specified region. +The optional second argument is an expression which can be +used to exclude specific cells in the range when determining +this minimum value (see above). +See also the multi argument version of +.I @min +below. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @stddev( r ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @stddev( r , e ) +.PD +Return the sample standard deviation of the cells in the specified region. +The optional second argument is an expression which can be +used to exclude specific cells in the range when calculating +the standard deviation (see above). +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @rows( r ) +Return the number of rows in the specified range. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @cols( r ) +Return the number of columns in the specified range. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @lookup( e , r ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @lookup( r , e ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @lookup( se , r ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @lookup( r , se ) +.PD +Evaluates the expression then searches through the range +.I r +for a matching value. +The range should be either a single row or a single column. +The expression can be either a string expression +or a numeric expression. +If it is a numeric expression, the range is searched +for the the last value less than or equal to +.IR e . +If the expression is a string expression, the string portions +of the cells in the range are searched for an exact string match. +The value returned is the numeric value from the next row and the same +column as the match, if the range was a single row, or the value from +the next column and the same row as the match if the range was a single +column. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @hlookup( e , r , n ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @hlookup( r , e , n ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @hlookup( se , r , n ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @hlookup( r , se , n ) +.PD +Evaluates the expression then searches through the first row in the range +.I r +for a matching value. +The expression can be either a string expression +or a numeric expression. +If it is a numeric expression, +the row is searched for the the last value less than or equal to +.IR e . +If the expression is a string expression, the string portions +of the cells in the row are searched for an exact string match. +The value returned is the numeric value from the same column +.I n +rows below the match. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @vlookup( e , r , n ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @vlookup( r , e , n ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @vlookup( se , r , n ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @vlookup( r , se , n ) +.PD +Evaluates the expression then searches through +the first column in the range +.I r +for a matching value. +The expression can be either a string +expression or a numeric expression. +If it is a numeric expression, the column is searched +for the the last value less than or equal to +.IR e . +If the expression is a string expression, the string portions +of the cells in the column are searched for an exact string match. +The value returned is the numeric value from the same row +.I n +columns to the right of the match. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @index( e1 , r ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @index( r , e1 ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @index( r , e1 , e2 ) +.PD +Use the values of expressions +.I e1 +and (optionally) +.I e2 +to index into +the range +.IR r . +The numeric value at that position is returned. +With two arguments, the range should be either a +single row or a single column. +An expression with the value 1 selects the first +item in the range, 2 selects the second item, etc. +With three arguments, the range must come first, +and the second and third arguments will then be +interpreted as row and column, respectively, +for indexing into a two-dimensional table. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @stindex( e1 , r ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @stindex( r , e1 ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @stindex( r , e1 , e2 ) +.PD +Use the values of expressions +.I e1 +and (optionally) +.I e2 +to index into +the range +.IR r . +The string value at that position is returned. +With two arguments, the range should be either a +single row or a single column. +An expression with the value 1 selects the first +item in the range, 2 selects the second item, etc. +With three arguments, the range must come first, +and the second and third arguments will then be +interpreted as row and column, respectively, +for indexing into a two-dimensional table. +.\" ========== +.SS "Built-in Numeric Functions" +.\" ---------- +All of these functions operate on floating point numbers (doubles) +and return numeric values. +Most of them are standard system functions more fully described in +.IR math (3). +The trig functions operate with angles in radians. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @sqrt( e ) +Return the square root of +.IR e . +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @exp( e ) +Return the exponential function of +.IR e . +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @ln( e ) +Return the natural logarithm of +.IR e . +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @log( e ) +Return the base 10 logarithm of +.IR e . +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @floor( e ) +Return the largest integer not greater than +.IR e . +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @ceil( e ) +Return the smallest integer not less than +.IR e . +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @rnd( e ) +Round +.I e +to the nearest integer. +default: *.5 will be rounded up to the next integer; +doing a 'set rndtoeven' will cause it to be rounded to +the closest even number instead (aka banker's round). +Round-to-even has advantages over the default rounding +for some applications. +For example, if X+Y is an integer, +then X+Y = rnd(X)+rnd(Y) with round-to-even, +but not always with the defaulting rounding method. +This could be an advantage, for example, when trying to +split an odd amount of money evenly between two people (it +would determine who gets the extra penny). +.TP 18 +.BI @round( e , n ) +Round +.I e +to +.I n +decimal places. +.I n +may be positive to round off the right side of the decimal +or negative to round off the left side. +See @rnd(e) above for rounding types. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @abs( e ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @fabs( e ) +Return the absolute value of +.IR e . +.PD +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @pow( e1 , e2 ) +Return +.I e1 +raised to the power of +.IR e2 . +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @hypot( e1 , e2 ) +Return sqrt(e1\(**e1+e2\(**e2), taking precautions +against unwarranted overflows. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.B @pi +A constant quite close to pi. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @dtr( e ) +Convert +.I e +in degrees to radians. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @rtd( e ) +Convert +.I e +in radians to degrees. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @sin( e ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @cos( e ) +.TP 18 +.BI @tan( e ) +Return trigonometric functions of radian arguments. +The magnitude of the arguments are not checked +to assure meaningful results. +.PD +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @asin( e ) +Return the arc sine of +.I e +in the range -pi/2 to pi/2. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @acos( e ) +Return the arc cosine of +.I e +in the range 0 to pi. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @atan( e ) +Return the arc tangent of +.I e +in the range -pi/2 to pi/2. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @atan2( e1 , e2 ) +Returns the arc tangent of +.IR e1 / e2 +in the range -pi to pi. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @max( e1 , e2 , ... ) +Return the maximum of the values of the expressions. +Two or more expressions may be specified. +See also the range version of +.I @max +above. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @min( e1 , e2 , ... ) +Return the minimum of the values of the expressions. +Two or more expressions may be specified. +See also the range version of +.I @min +above. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @ston( se ) +Convert string expression +.I se +to a numeric value. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @eqs( se1 , se2 ) +Return 1 if string expression +.I se1 +has the same value as string expression +.IR se2 , +0 otherwise. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @nval( se , e ) +Return the numeric value of a cell selected by name. +String expression +.I se +must evaluate to a column name (``A''-``AE'') and +.I e +must evaluate to a row number (0-199). +If +.I se +or +.I e +is out of bounds, or the cell has no numeric value, the result is 0. +You can use this for simple table lookups. +Be sure the table doesn't move unexpectedly! +See also +.IR @sval () +below. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.B @err +Force an error. +This will force the expression which contains it +to result in an error. +.\" ========== +.SS "String Expressions" +.\" ---------- +String expressions are made up of constant strings +(characters surrounded by double quotation marks), +variables +(cell names, which refer to the cells's label strings or expressions), +and string functions. +Note that string expressions are only allowed +when entering a cell's label string, not its numeric part. +Also note that string expression results may +be left or right flushed or centered, +according to the type of the cell's string label. +.\" ---------- +.TP +.B # +Concatenate strings. +For example, the string expression +.IP "" + A0 # "zy dog" +.IP "" +displays the string ``the lazy dog'' in the cell if the value of +.IR A0 's +string is ``the la''. +.\" ========== +.SS "Built-in String Functions" +.\" ---------- +\0 \" exactly one blank line (hard to get) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @filename( e ) +Return the current default filename, as specified +when the file was first loaded or created, +or during the last save, with the +.I Put +command. +If +.I e +is 0, only the actual filename will be returned, +with any path removed. +If non-zero, the full path specified on the command line +or in the last +.I Get +or +.I Put +command will be returned. +If the path begins with ``~'', it will be expanded to +the appropriate users home directory. +.PD +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @substr( se , e1 , e2 ) +Extract and return from string expression +.I se +the substring indexed by character number +.I e1 +through character number +.I e2 +(defaults to the size of +.I se +if beyond the end of it). +If +.I e1 +is less than 1 or greater than +.IR e2 , +the result is the null string. +For example, +.IP "" + @substr ("Nice jacket", 4, 8) +.IP "" +returns the string ``e jac''. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @fmt( se , e ) +Convert a number to a string. +The argument +.I se +must be a valid +.IR printf (3) +format string. +.I e +is converted according to the standard rules. +For example, the expression +.IP "" + @fmt ("\(**\(**%6.3f\(**\(**", 10.5) +.IP "" +yields the string ``\(**\(**10.500\(**\(**''. +.I e +is a double, so applicable formats are e, E, f, g, and G. +Try ``%g'' as a starting point. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @sval( se , e ) +Return the string value of a cell selected by name. +String expression +.I se +must evaluate to a column name (``A''-``AE'') and +.I e +must evaluate to a row number (0-199). +If +.I se +or +.I e +is out of bounds, or the cell has no string value, +the result is the null string. +You can use this for simple table lookups. +Be sure the table doesn't move unexpectedly! +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @upper( se ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @lower( se ) +will case the string expression to upper or lower. +.PD +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @capital( se ) +will convert the first letter of words in a string +into upper case and other letters to lower case +(the latter if all letters of the string are upper case). +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @ext( se , e ) +Call an external function (program or script). +The purpose is to allow arbitrary functions on values, +e.g. table lookups and interpolations. +String expression +.I se +is a command or command line to call with +.IR popen (3). +The value of +.I e +is converted to a string and appended to the +command line as an argument. +The result of +.IR @ext () +is a string: +the first line printed to standard output by the command. +The command should emit exactly one output line. +Additional output, or output to standard error, messes up the screen. +.IR @ext () +returns a null string and prints an appropriate warning +if external functions are disabled, +.I se +is null, or the attempt to run the command fails. +.IP "" +External functions can be slow to run, +and if enabled are called at each screen update, +so they are disabled by default. +You can enable them with +.I ^T +when you really want them called. +.IP "" +A simple example: +.IP "" + @ext ("echo", a1) +.IP "" +You can use +.IR @ston () +to convert the +.IR @ext () +result back to a number. +For example: +.IP "" + @ston (@ext ("form.sc.ext", a9 + b9)) +.IP "" +Note that you can build a command line (including more argument values) +from a string expression with concatenation. +You can also "hide" the second argument by ending the command line +(first argument) with `` #'' (shell comment). +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @coltoa( e ) +Returns a string name for a column from the numeric argument. +For example: +.IP "" + @coltoa(@mycol-1) + @nval(coltoa(@mycol-1), @myrow+1) +.IP "" +.\" ========== +.SS "Built-in Financial Functions" +.\" ---------- +Financial functions compute the mortgage (or loan) +payment, future value, and the present value functions. +Each accepts three arguments, an amount, a rate of interest +(per period), and the number of periods. +These functions are the same as those commonly found +in other spreadsheets and financial calculators +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @pmt( e1 , e2 , e3 ) +.IR @pmt (60000,.01,360) +computes the monthly payments for a $60000 mortgage at +12% annual interest (.01 per month) for 30 years (360 months). +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @fv( e1 , e2 , e3 ) +.IR @fv (100,.005,36) +computes the future value for 36 monthly payments +of $100 at 6% interest (.005 per month). +It answers the question: +"How much will I have in 36 months if I deposit $100 +per month in a savings account paying 6% interest +compounded monthly?" +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @pv( e1 , e2 , e3 ) +.IR @pv (1000,.015,36) +computes the present value of an ordinary annuity of +36 monthly payments of $1000 at 18% annual interest. +It answers the question: +"How much can I borrow at 18% for 3 years if I +pay $1000 per month?" +.\" ========== +.SS "Built-in Date and Time Functions" +.\" ---------- +Time for +.I sc +follows the system standard: +the number of seconds since the beginning of 1970. +All date and time functions except +.IR @date () +return numbers, not strings. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.B @now +Return the current time encoded +as the number of seconds since the beginning of the +epoch (December 31, 1969, midnight, GMT). +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @dts( e1 , e2 , e3 ) +Convert a date to the number of seconds from the epoch +to the first second of the specified date, local time. +Dates may be specified in either (m,d,y) or (y,m,d) format, +although the latter is preferred, since it's more universally +recognized (m,d,y is only used in America). +If e2 > 12 or e3 > 31, then (m,d,y) is assumed. +Otherwise, (y,m,d) is assumed. +For example, +.IR @date(@dts(1976,12,14)) +yields +.IP "" +.I " Tue Dec 14 00:00:00 1976" +.IP "" +The month should range from 1 to 12; +the day should range from 1 to the number +of days in the specified month; +and the year should include the century +(e.g. 1999 instead of 99). +Any date capable of being handled by the system +is valid, typically 14 Dec 1901 to 18 Jan 2038 +on a system that uses a 32 bit time_t. +Invalid dates or dates outside of this range will return ERROR. +For rapid entry of dates using only the numeric keypad, +.I sc +provides the alternate syntax +.IR y.m.d +or +.IR m.d.y, +which is automatically converted to the @dts(...) format above. +The year, month, and day must be entered numerically +in the alternate syntax; formulas are not allowed. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @tts( e1 , e2 , e3 ) +.IR @tts (8,20,45) +converts the time 8:40:45 to the number of seconds since +midnight, the night before. +The hour should range from 0 to 23; +the minutes and seconds should range from 0 to 59. +.\" ---------- +.PP +The following functions take the time in seconds +(e.g. from +.IR @now ) +as an argument and return the specified value. +The functions all convert from GMT to local time. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @date( e ) +.PD 0 +.TP 18 +.BI @date( e , se ) +.PD +Convert the time in seconds to a date string. +With a single numeric argument, the date will +be 24 characters long in the following form: +.IP "" +.I " Sun Sep 16 01:03:52 1973" +.IP "" +Note that you can extract parts of this fixed-format string with +.IR @substr (). +A format string compatible with the strftime() +function may optionally be given as a second +argument to override the default format. +See the strftime(3) man page for details. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @year( e ) +Return the year. +Valid years begin with 1970, although many +systems will return years prior to 1970 if +.I e +is negative. +The last legal year is system dependent. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @month( e ) +Return the month, encoded as 1 (January) to 12 (December). +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @day( e ) +Return the day of the month, encoded as 1 to 31. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @hour( e ) +Return the number of hours since midnight, encoded as 0 to 23. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @minute( e ) +Return the number of minutes since the last full hour, +encoded as 0 to 59. +.\" ---------- +.TP 18 +.BI @second( e ) +Return the number of seconds since the last full minute, +encoded as 0 to 59. +.\" ========== +.SS "Spreadsheet Update" +.\" ---------- +Re-evaluation of spreadsheet expressions is done by row +or by column depending on the selected calculation order. +Evaluation is repeated up to +.I iterations +times for each update if necessary, +so forward references usually work as expected. +See +.I set +above. +If stability is not reached after ten iterations, +a warning is printed. +This is usually due to a long series of forward references, +or to unstable cyclic references (for example, set +.IR A0 's +expression to ``A0+1''). +.TP 18 +.B @numiter +Returns the number of iterations performed so far. +.\" ========== +.SS "Programmable Function Keys" +.\" ---------- +Function keys can be used in +.I sc +if your terminal supports them, and they are programmable. +To program the function keys, you use the +.I fkey +command. +This command may be used in a +.I .scrc +file or a macro file, or it may be entered directly into +.IR sc 's +command line. +Defined function keys will be saved with the file. +There is no shortcut, as there is with most commands, +so the full command must be typed in. +Pressing enter when not editing a line will start +you off with a blank line for this purpose. +The format of the +.I fkey +command is: +.IP +.B fkey +.I n += +.I """command"" +.LP +where +.I n +is the function key number (n = 1 for F1, n = 2 for F2, etc.), and +.I command +is the command to be run. +For example, +.IP +.I "fkey 2 = ""merge \\\\""|~/scmacros/macro1\\\\"""" +.LP +will run the macro called +.I macro1 +located in a subdirectory of your home directory called +.IR scmacros +when the F2 key is pressed. +Note that embedded quotes must be escaped by a backslash. +If you want to include the cell address of the +current cell in the command line, +you may do so by entering ``$$'' in its place +in the command. +For example, +.IP +.I "fkey 5 = ""fmt $$ \\\\""^D%A\\\\"""" +.LP +will cause the F5 key to format the current cell to display the +full weekday name of the numeric date value stored there. +The ^D is a CTRL-D character, which denotes a date format. +.LP +Although it may be overridden by the +.I fkey +command, the F1 key is predefined by default to execute +.I man sc. +Unlike the user-defined function keys, this definition will also +work in edit, insert, replace, and navigate modes. +.LP +To undefine a function key, merely define it as +the empty string (""). +Undefining the F1 key will restore the default behavior. +.\" ========== +.SS "Plugins" +.\" ---------- +There are three ways in which external +programs can be used as plugins with +.IR sc . +First, they can be used as external commands. +When used as an external command, any command +not recognized by +.I sc +will be searched for first in $HOME/.sc/plugins, +and then in /usr/share/doc/sc/plugins. +If found, it will be run with its standard input +and standard output redirected back to +.IR sc . +These are used to send commands to, and receive +responses back from +.I sc +in the same way that advanced macros do. +.LP +The second and third ways that programs can be used +as plugins with +.I sc +are to automatically convert files to and from +.I sc +format based on their extensions. +In order to use them in this way, you must first +associate a given extension to a corresponding +plugin (for reading) or plugout (for writing) using +the +.I plugin +and +.I plugout +commands. +These commands should be placed in your +.I .scrc +file, and have the following syntax: +.IP +.B plugin +.I """ext"" += +.I """programname"" +.LP +or +.IP +.B plugout +.I """ext"" += +.I """programname"" +.LP +where +.I ext +is the extension and +.I programname +is the name of the plugin program to be used +for filenames with that extension. +For input, the plugin merely reads the specified file, +performs whatever conversion is necessary, and writes +the resulting data to standard output. +For output, the plugin writes +.I sc +commands to standard output and reads the replies +from standard input in the same way that an advanced +macro would, and then converts the data to the +appropriate format and writes it to a file with +the specified filename. +.\" ========== +.SH FILES +.TP 3in +/usr/share/doc/sc/tutorial.sc +Tutorial spreadsheet. +.TP 3in +$HOME/.scrc +Initialization commands. +.IP "./.scrc" +More initialization commands. +.SH SEE ALSO +bc(1), dc(1), crypt(1), psc(1) +.\" ========== +.SH BUGS +Top-to-bottom, left-to-right evaluation of expressions is silly. +A proper following of the dependency graph +with (perhaps) recourse to relaxation should be implemented. +.\" ---------- +.PP +On some systems, +if the cell cursor is in column 0 with topline enabled +(so the current cell is highlighted), +or if any cell in column 0 is highlighted, +the corresponding row number gets displayed and then blanked +during a screen refresh. +This looks like a bug in +.IR curses . +.\" ---------- +.PP +Many commands give no indication (a message or beep) +if they have null effect. +Some should give confirmation of their action, but they don't. +.SH AUTHORS +This is a much modified version of a public domain spread sheet +originally authored by James Gosling, +and subsequently modified and posted to USENET by +Mark Weiser under the name +.IR vc . +The program was subsequently renamed +.IR sc , +and further modified by numerous contributors, +Jeff Buhrt +of Proslink, Inc. +and Robert Bond of Sequent, +prominent among them. +The current maintainer is Chuck Martin (nrocinu@myrealbox.com). +.PP +Other contributors include: +Tom Anderson, +Glenn T. Barry, +Gregory Bond, +Stephen (Steve) M. Brooks, +Peter Brower, +John Campbell, +Lawrence Cipriani, +Jim Clausing, +Dave Close, +Chris Cole, +Jonathan Crompron, +David I. Dalva, +Glen Ditchfield, +Sam Drake, +James P. Dugal, +Paul Eggert, +Andy Fyfe, +Jack Goral, +Piercarlo "Peter" Grandi, +Henk Hesselink, +Jeffrey C Honig, +Kurt Horton, +Jonathan I. Kamens, +Peter King, +Tom Kloos, +Michael Lapsley, +Casey Leedom, +Jay Lepreau, +Dave Lewis, +Rick Linck, +Soren Lundsgaard, +Tad Mannes, +Rob McMahon, +Chris Metcalf, +Mark Nagel, +Ulf Noren, +Marius Olafsson, +Gene H. Olson, +Henk P. Penning, +Rick Perry, +Larry Philps, +Eric Putz, +Jim Richardson, +Michael Richardson, +R. P. C. Rodgers, +Kim Sanders, +Mike Schwartz, +Alan Silverstein, +Lowell Skoog, +Herr Soeryantono, +Tim Theisen, +Tom Tkacik, +Andy Valencia, +Adri Verhoef, +Rick Walker, +Petri Wessman, +and +Tim Wilson. +.\" end of man page |