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+'\" et
+.TH SEND "3P" 2017 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
+.\"
+.SH PROLOG
+This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
+The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
+the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
+or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
+.\"
+.SH NAME
+send
+\(em send a message on a socket
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.LP
+.nf
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+.P
+ssize_t send(int \fIsocket\fP, const void *\fIbuffer\fP, size_t \fIlength\fP, int \fIflags\fP);
+.fi
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The
+\fIsend\fR()
+function shall initiate transmission of a message from the specified
+socket to its peer. The
+\fIsend\fR()
+function shall send a message only when the socket is connected. If
+the socket is a connectionless-mode socket, the message shall be sent
+to the pre-specified peer address.
+.P
+The
+\fIsend\fR()
+function takes the following arguments:
+.IP "\fIsocket\fR" 12
+Specifies the socket file descriptor.
+.IP "\fIbuffer\fR" 12
+Points to the buffer containing the message to send.
+.IP "\fIlength\fR" 12
+Specifies the length of the message in bytes.
+.IP "\fIflags\fR" 12
+Specifies the type of message transmission. Values of this argument are
+formed by logically OR'ing zero or more of the following flags:
+.RS 12 
+.IP MSG_EOR 14
+Terminates a record (if supported by the protocol).
+.IP MSG_OOB 14
+Sends out-of-band data on sockets that support out-of-band
+communications. The significance and semantics of out-of-band data are
+protocol-specific.
+.IP MSG_NOSIGNAL 14
+Requests not to send the SIGPIPE signal if an attempt to send is made
+on a stream-oriented socket that is no longer connected. The
+.BR [EPIPE] 
+error shall still be returned.
+.RE
+.P
+The length of the message to be sent is specified by the
+.IR length
+argument. If the message is too long to pass through the underlying
+protocol,
+\fIsend\fR()
+shall fail and no data shall be transmitted.
+.P
+Successful completion of a call to
+\fIsend\fR()
+does not guarantee delivery of the message. A return value of \-1
+indicates only locally-detected errors.
+.P
+If space is not available at the sending socket to hold the message to
+be transmitted, and the socket file descriptor does not have O_NONBLOCK
+set,
+\fIsend\fR()
+shall block until space is available. If space is not available at the
+sending socket to hold the message to be transmitted, and the socket
+file descriptor does have O_NONBLOCK set,
+\fIsend\fR()
+shall fail. The
+\fIselect\fR()
+and
+\fIpoll\fR()
+functions can be used to determine when it is possible to send more
+data.
+.P
+The socket in use may require the process to have appropriate
+privileges to use the
+\fIsend\fR()
+function.
+.SH "RETURN VALUE"
+Upon successful completion,
+\fIsend\fR()
+shall return the number of bytes sent. Otherwise, \-1 shall be
+returned and
+.IR errno
+set to indicate the error.
+.SH ERRORS
+The
+\fIsend\fR()
+function shall fail if:
+.TP
+.BR EAGAIN " or " EWOULDBLOCK
+.br
+The socket's file descriptor is marked O_NONBLOCK and the requested
+operation would block.
+.TP
+.BR EBADF
+The
+.IR socket
+argument is not a valid file descriptor.
+.TP
+.BR ECONNRESET
+A connection was forcibly closed by a peer.
+.TP
+.BR EDESTADDRREQ
+.br
+The socket is not connection-mode and no peer address is set.
+.TP
+.BR EINTR
+A signal interrupted
+\fIsend\fR()
+before any data was transmitted.
+.TP
+.BR EMSGSIZE
+The message is too large to be sent all at once, as the socket requires.
+.TP
+.BR ENOTCONN
+The socket is not connected.
+.TP
+.BR ENOTSOCK
+The
+.IR socket
+argument does not refer to a socket.
+.TP
+.BR EOPNOTSUPP
+The
+.IR socket
+argument is associated with a socket that does not support one or more
+of the values set in
+.IR flags .
+.TP
+.BR EPIPE
+The socket is shut down for writing, or the socket is connection-mode
+and is no longer connected. In the latter case, and if the socket is of
+type SOCK_STREAM or SOCK_SEQPACKET and the MSG_NOSIGNAL flag is not set,
+the SIGPIPE signal is generated to the calling thread.
+.P
+The
+\fIsend\fR()
+function may fail if:
+.TP
+.BR EACCES
+The calling process does not have appropriate privileges.
+.TP
+.BR EIO
+An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
+.TP
+.BR ENETDOWN
+The local network interface used to reach the destination is down.
+.TP
+.BR ENETUNREACH
+.br
+No route to the network is present.
+.TP
+.BR ENOBUFS
+Insufficient resources were available in the system to perform the
+operation.
+.LP
+.IR "The following sections are informative."
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+None.
+.SH "APPLICATION USAGE"
+If the
+.IR socket
+argument refers to a connection-mode socket, the
+\fIsend\fR()
+function is equivalent to
+\fIsendto\fR()
+(with any value for the
+.IR dest_addr
+and
+.IR dest_len
+arguments, as they are ignored in this case). If the
+.IR socket
+argument refers to a socket and the
+.IR flags
+argument is 0, the
+\fIsend\fR()
+function is equivalent to
+\fIwrite\fR().
+.SH "RATIONALE"
+None.
+.SH "FUTURE DIRECTIONS"
+None.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IR "\fIconnect\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIgetsockopt\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIpoll\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIpselect\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIrecv\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIrecvfrom\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIrecvmsg\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIsendmsg\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIsendto\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIsetsockopt\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIshutdown\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIsocket\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIwrite\fR\^(\|)"
+.P
+The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
+.IR "\fB<sys_socket.h>\fP"
+.\"
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
+from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology
+-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
+Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition,
+Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of
+Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.
+In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
+The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
+http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
+.PP
+Any typographical or formatting errors that appear
+in this page are most likely
+to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to
+man page format. To report such errors, see
+https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .