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+'\" t
+.\"     Title: smbpasswd
+.\"    Author: [see the "AUTHOR" section]
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 02/19/2024
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Conventions
+.\"    Source: Samba 4.19.5
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "SMBPASSWD" "5" "02/19/2024" "Samba 4\&.19\&.5" "File Formats and Conventions"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+smbpasswd \- The Samba encrypted password file
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.PP
+smbpasswd
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+This tool is part of the
+\fBsamba\fR(7)
+suite\&.
+.PP
+smbpasswd is the Samba encrypted password file\&. It contains the username, Unix user id and the SMB hashed passwords of the user, as well as account flag information and the time the password was last changed\&. This file format has been evolving with Samba and has had several different formats in the past\&.
+.SH "FILE FORMAT"
+.PP
+The format of the smbpasswd file used by Samba 2\&.2 is very similar to the familiar Unix
+passwd(5)
+file\&. It is an ASCII file containing one line for each user\&. Each field within each line is separated from the next by a colon\&. Any entry beginning with \*(Aq#\*(Aq is ignored\&. The smbpasswd file contains the following information for each user:
+.PP
+name
+.RS 4
+This is the user name\&. It must be a name that already exists in the standard UNIX passwd file\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+uid
+.RS 4
+This is the UNIX uid\&. It must match the uid field for the same user entry in the standard UNIX passwd file\&. If this does not match then Samba will refuse to recognize this smbpasswd file entry as being valid for a user\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Lanman Password Hash
+.RS 4
+This is the LANMAN hash of the user\*(Aqs password, encoded as 32 hex digits\&. The LANMAN hash is created by DES encrypting a well known string with the user\*(Aqs password as the DES key\&. This is the same password used by Windows 95/98 machines\&. Note that this password hash is regarded as weak as it is vulnerable to dictionary attacks and if two users choose the same password this entry will be identical (i\&.e\&. the password is not "salted" as the UNIX password is)\&. If the user has a null password this field will contain the characters "NO PASSWORD" as the start of the hex string\&. If the hex string is equal to 32 \*(AqX\*(Aq characters then the user\*(Aqs account is marked as
+\fBdisabled\fR
+and the user will not be able to log onto the Samba server\&.
+.sp
+\fIWARNING !!\fR
+Note that, due to the challenge\-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this password hash will be able to impersonate the user on the network\&. For this reason these hashes are known as
+\fIplain text equivalents\fR
+and must
+\fINOT\fR
+be made available to anyone but the root user\&. To protect these passwords the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory with read and traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no other access\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+NT Password Hash
+.RS 4
+This is the Windows NT hash of the user\*(Aqs password, encoded as 32 hex digits\&. The Windows NT hash is created by taking the user\*(Aqs password as represented in 16\-bit, little\-endian UNICODE and then applying the MD4 (internet rfc1321) hashing algorithm to it\&.
+.sp
+This password hash is considered more secure than the LANMAN Password Hash as it preserves the case of the password and uses a much higher quality hashing algorithm\&. However, it is still the case that if two users choose the same password this entry will be identical (i\&.e\&. the password is not "salted" as the UNIX password is)\&.
+.sp
+\fIWARNING !!\fR\&. Note that, due to the challenge\-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this password hash will be able to impersonate the user on the network\&. For this reason these hashes are known as
+\fIplain text equivalents\fR
+and must
+\fINOT\fR
+be made available to anyone but the root user\&. To protect these passwords the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory with read and traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no other access\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Account Flags
+.RS 4
+This section contains flags that describe the attributes of the users account\&. This field is bracketed by \*(Aq[\*(Aq and \*(Aq]\*(Aq characters and is always 13 characters in length (including the \*(Aq[\*(Aq and \*(Aq]\*(Aq characters)\&. The contents of this field may be any of the following characters:
+.RS
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+\fIU\fR
+\- This means this is a "User" account, i\&.e\&. an ordinary user\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+\fIN\fR
+\- This means the account has no password (the passwords in the fields LANMAN Password Hash and NT Password Hash are ignored)\&. Note that this will only allow users to log on with no password if the
+\fI null passwords\fR
+parameter is set in the
+\fBsmb.conf\fR(5)
+config file\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+\fID\fR
+\- This means the account is disabled and no SMB/CIFS logins will be allowed for this user\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+\fIX\fR
+\- This means the password does not expire\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+\fIW\fR
+\- This means this account is a "Workstation Trust" account\&. This kind of account is used in the Samba PDC code stream to allow Windows NT Workstations and Servers to join a Domain hosted by a Samba PDC\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RE
+Other flags may be added as the code is extended in future\&. The rest of this field space is filled in with spaces\&. For further information regarding the flags that are supported please refer to the man page for the
+pdbedit
+command\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Last Change Time
+.RS 4
+This field consists of the time the account was last modified\&. It consists of the characters \*(AqLCT\-\*(Aq (standing for "Last Change Time") followed by a numeric encoding of the UNIX time in seconds since the epoch (1970) that the last change was made\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+All other colon separated fields are ignored at this time\&.
+.SH "VERSION"
+.PP
+This man page is part of version 4\&.19\&.5 of the Samba suite\&.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBsmbpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBSamba\fR(7), and the Internet RFC1321 for details on the MD4 algorithm\&.
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.PP
+The original Samba software and related utilities were created by Andrew Tridgell\&. Samba is now developed by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar to the way the Linux kernel is developed\&.