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diff --git a/upstream/archlinux/man8/pacman.8 b/upstream/archlinux/man8/pacman.8 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3e4b514d --- /dev/null +++ b/upstream/archlinux/man8/pacman.8 @@ -0,0 +1,787 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: pacman +.\" Author: [see the "Authors" section] +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 2024-02-06 +.\" Manual: Pacman Manual +.\" Source: Pacman 6.0.2 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "PACMAN" "8" "2024\-02\-06" "Pacman 6\&.0\&.2" "Pacman Manual" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +pacman \- package manager utility +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.sp +\fIpacman\fR <operation> [options] [targets] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.sp +Pacman is a package management utility that tracks installed packages on a Linux system\&. It features dependency support, package groups, install and uninstall scripts, and the ability to sync your local machine with a remote repository to automatically upgrade packages\&. Pacman packages are a zipped tar format\&. +.sp +Since version 3\&.0\&.0, pacman has been the front\-end to \fBlibalpm\fR(3), the \(lqArch Linux Package Management\(rq library\&. This library allows alternative front\-ends to be written (for instance, a GUI front\-end)\&. +.sp +Invoking pacman involves specifying an operation with any potential options and targets to operate on\&. A \fItarget\fR is usually a package name, file name, URL, or a search string\&. Targets can be provided as command line arguments\&. Additionally, if stdin is not from a terminal and a single hyphen (\-) is passed as an argument, targets will be read from stdin\&. +.SH "OPERATIONS" +.PP +\fB\-D, \-\-database\fR +.RS 4 +Operate on the package database\&. This operation allows you to modify certain attributes of the installed packages in pacman\(cqs database\&. It also allows you to check the databases for internal consistency\&. See +Database Options +below\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Q, \-\-query\fR +.RS 4 +Query the package database\&. This operation allows you to view installed packages and their files, as well as meta\-information about individual packages (dependencies, conflicts, install date, build date, size)\&. This can be run against the local package database or can be used on individual package files\&. In the first case, if no package names are provided in the command line, all installed packages will be queried\&. Additionally, various filters can be applied on the package list\&. See +Query Options +below\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R, \-\-remove\fR +.RS 4 +Remove package(s) from the system\&. Groups can also be specified to be removed, in which case every package in that group will be removed\&. Files belonging to the specified package will be deleted, and the database will be updated\&. Most configuration files will be saved with a +\fI\&.pacsave\fR +extension unless the +\fI\-\-nosave\fR +option is used\&. See +Remove Options +below\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-S, \-\-sync\fR +.RS 4 +Synchronize packages\&. Packages are installed directly from the remote repositories, including all dependencies required to run the packages\&. For example, +pacman \-S qt +will download and install qt and all the packages it depends on\&. If a package name exists in more than one repository, the repository can be explicitly specified to clarify the package to install: +pacman \-S testing/qt\&. You can also specify version requirements: +pacman \-S "bash>=3\&.2"\&. Quotes are needed, otherwise the shell interprets ">" as redirection to a file\&. +.sp +In addition to packages, groups can be specified as well\&. For example, if gnome is a defined package group, then +pacman \-S gnome +will provide a prompt allowing you to select which packages to install from a numbered list\&. The package selection is specified using a space\- and/or comma\-separated list of package numbers\&. Sequential packages may be selected by specifying the first and last package numbers separated by a hyphen (\-)\&. Excluding packages is achieved by prefixing a number or range of numbers with a caret (^)\&. +.sp +Packages that provide other packages are also handled\&. For example, +pacman \-S foo +will first look for a foo package\&. If foo is not found, packages that provide the same functionality as foo will be searched for\&. If any package is found, it will be installed\&. A selection prompt is provided if multiple packages providing foo are found\&. +.sp +You can also use +pacman \-Su +to upgrade all packages that are out\-of\-date\&. See +Sync Options +below\&. When upgrading, pacman performs version comparison to determine which packages need upgrading\&. This behavior operates as follows: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +Alphanumeric: + 1\&.0a < 1\&.0b < 1\&.0beta < 1\&.0p < 1\&.0pre < 1\&.0rc < 1\&.0 < 1\&.0\&.a < 1\&.0\&.1 +Numeric: + 1 < 1\&.0 < 1\&.1 < 1\&.1\&.1 < 1\&.2 < 2\&.0 < 3\&.0\&.0 +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.sp +Additionally, version strings can have an +\fIepoch\fR +value defined that will overrule any version comparison, unless the epoch values are equal\&. This is specified in an +epoch:version\-rel +format\&. For example, +2:1\&.0\-1 +is always greater than +1:3\&.6\-1\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-T, \-\-deptest\fR +.RS 4 +Check dependencies; this is useful in scripts such as makepkg to check installed packages\&. This operation will check each dependency specified and return a list of dependencies that are not currently satisfied on the system\&. This operation accepts no other options\&. Example usage: +pacman \-T qt "bash>=3\&.2"\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U, \-\-upgrade\fR +.RS 4 +Upgrade or add package(s) to the system and install the required dependencies from sync repositories\&. Either a URL or file path can be specified\&. This is a \(lqremove\-then\-add\(rq process\&. See +Upgrade Options +below; also see +Handling Config Files +for an explanation on how pacman takes care of configuration files\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-F, \-\-files\fR +.RS 4 +Query the files database\&. This operation allows you to look for packages owning certain files or display files owned by certain packages\&. Only packages that are part of your sync databases are searched\&. See +File Options +below\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-V, \-\-version\fR +.RS 4 +Display version and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h, \-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display syntax for the given operation\&. If no operation was supplied, then the general syntax is shown\&. +.RE +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +\fB\-b, \-\-dbpath\fR <path> +.RS 4 +Specify an alternative database location (the default is +/var/lib/pacman)\&. This should not be used unless you know what you are doing\&. +\fBNOTE\fR: If specified, this is an absolute path, and the root path is not automatically prepended\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r, \-\-root\fR <path> +.RS 4 +Specify an alternative installation root (default is +/)\&. This should not be used as a way to install software into +/usr/local +instead of +/usr\&. +\fBNOTE\fR: If database path or log file are not specified on either the command line or in +\fBpacman.conf\fR(5), their default location will be inside this root path\&. +\fBNOTE\fR: This option is not suitable for performing operations on a mounted guest system\&. See +\fI\-\-sysroot\fR +instead\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-v, \-\-verbose\fR +.RS 4 +Output paths such as the Root, Conf File, DB Path, Cache Dirs, etc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-arch\fR <arch> +.RS 4 +Specify an alternate architecture\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-cachedir\fR <dir> +.RS 4 +Specify an alternative package cache location (the default is +/var/cache/pacman/pkg)\&. Multiple cache directories can be specified, and they are tried in the order they are passed to pacman\&. +\fBNOTE\fR: This is an absolute path, and the root path is not automatically prepended\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-color\fR <when> +.RS 4 +Specify when to enable coloring\&. Valid options are +\fIalways\fR, +\fInever\fR, or +\fIauto\fR\&. +\fIalways\fR +forces colors on; +\fInever\fR +forces colors off; and +\fIauto\fR +only automatically enables colors when outputting onto a tty\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-config\fR <file> +.RS 4 +Specify an alternate configuration file\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-debug\fR +.RS 4 +Display debug messages\&. When reporting bugs, this option is recommended to be used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-gpgdir\fR <dir> +.RS 4 +Specify a directory of files used by GnuPG to verify package signatures (the default is +/etc/pacman\&.d/gnupg)\&. This directory should contain two files: +pubring\&.gpg +and +trustdb\&.gpg\&. +pubring\&.gpg +holds the public keys of all packagers\&. +trustdb\&.gpg +contains a so\-called trust database, which specifies that the keys are authentic and trusted\&. +\fBNOTE\fR: This is an absolute path, and the root path is not automatically prepended\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-hookdir\fR <dir> +.RS 4 +Specify a alternative directory containing hook files (the default is +/etc/pacman\&.d/hooks)\&. Multiple hook directories can be specified with hooks in later directories taking precedence over hooks in earlier directories\&. +\fBNOTE\fR: This is an absolute path, and the root path is not automatically prepended\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-logfile\fR <file> +.RS 4 +Specify an alternate log file\&. This is an absolute path, regardless of the installation root setting\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-noconfirm\fR +.RS 4 +Bypass any and all \(lqAre you sure?\(rq messages\&. It\(cqs not a good idea to do this unless you want to run pacman from a script\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-confirm\fR +.RS 4 +Cancels the effects of a previous +\fI\-\-noconfirm\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-disable\-download\-timeout\fR +.RS 4 +Disable defaults for low speed limit and timeout on downloads\&. Use this if you have issues downloading files with proxy and/or security gateway\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-sysroot\fR <dir> +.RS 4 +Specify an alternative system root\&. Pacman will chroot and chdir into the system root prior to running\&. This allows mounted guest systems to be properly operated on\&. Any other paths given will be interpreted as relative to the system root\&. Requires root privileges\&. +.RE +.SH "TRANSACTION OPTIONS (APPLY TO \FI\-S\FR, \FI\-R\FR AND \FI\-U\FR)" +.PP +\fB\-d, \-\-nodeps\fR +.RS 4 +Skips dependency version checks\&. Package names are still checked\&. Normally, pacman will always check a package\(cqs dependency fields to ensure that all dependencies are installed and there are no package conflicts in the system\&. Specify this option twice to skip all dependency checks\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-assume\-installed\fR <package=version> +.RS 4 +Add a virtual package "package" with version "version" to the transaction to satisfy dependencies\&. This allows to disable specific dependency checks without affecting all dependency checks\&. To disable all dependency checking, see the +\fI\-\-nodeps\fR +option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-dbonly\fR +.RS 4 +Adds/removes the database entry only, leaving all files in place\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-noprogressbar\fR +.RS 4 +Do not show a progress bar when downloading files\&. This can be useful for scripts that call pacman and capture the output\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-noscriptlet\fR +.RS 4 +If an install scriptlet exists, do not execute it\&. Do not use this unless you know what you are doing\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p, \-\-print\fR +.RS 4 +Only print the targets instead of performing the actual operation (sync, remove or upgrade)\&. Use +\fI\-\-print\-format\fR +to specify how targets are displayed\&. The default format string is "%l", which displays URLs with +\fI\-S\fR, file names with +\fI\-U\fR, and pkgname\-pkgver with +\fI\-R\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-print\-format\fR <format> +.RS 4 +Specify a printf\-like format to control the output of the +\fI\-\-print\fR +operation\&. The possible attributes are: "%n" for pkgname, "%v" for pkgver, "%l" for location, "%r" for repository, and "%s" for size\&. Implies +\fI\-\-print\fR\&. +.RE +.SH "UPGRADE OPTIONS (APPLY TO \FI\-S\FR AND \FI\-U\FR)" +.PP +\fB\-w, \-\-downloadonly\fR +.RS 4 +Retrieve all packages from the server, but do not install/upgrade anything\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-asdeps\fR +.RS 4 +Install packages non\-explicitly; in other words, fake their install reason to be installed as a dependency\&. This is useful for makepkg and other build\-from\-source tools that need to install dependencies before building the package\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-asexplicit\fR +.RS 4 +Install packages explicitly; in other words, fake their install reason to be explicitly installed\&. This is useful if you want to mark a dependency as explicitly installed so it will not be removed by the +\fI\-\-recursive\fR +remove operation\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-ignore\fR <package> +.RS 4 +Directs pacman to ignore upgrades of package even if there is one available\&. Multiple packages can be specified by separating them with a comma\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-ignoregroup\fR <group> +.RS 4 +Directs pacman to ignore upgrades of all packages in +\fIgroup\fR, even if there is one available\&. Multiple groups can be specified by separating them with a comma\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-needed\fR +.RS 4 +Do not reinstall the targets that are already up\-to\-date\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-overwrite\fR <glob> +.RS 4 +Bypass file conflict checks and overwrite conflicting files\&. If the package that is about to be installed contains files that are already installed and match +\fIglob\fR, this option will cause all those files to be overwritten\&. Using +\fI\-\-overwrite\fR +will not allow overwriting a directory with a file or installing packages with conflicting files and directories\&. Multiple patterns can be specified by separating them with a comma\&. May be specified multiple times\&. Patterns can be negated, such that files matching them will not be overwritten, by prefixing them with an exclamation mark\&. Subsequent matches will override previous ones\&. A leading literal exclamation mark or backslash needs to be escaped\&. +.RE +.SH "QUERY OPTIONS (APPLY TO \FI\-Q\FR)" +.PP +\fB\-c, \-\-changelog\fR +.RS 4 +View the ChangeLog of a package if it exists\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d, \-\-deps\fR +.RS 4 +Restrict or filter output to packages installed as dependencies\&. This option can be combined with +\fI\-t\fR +for listing real orphans \- packages that were installed as dependencies but are no longer required by any installed package\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e, \-\-explicit\fR +.RS 4 +Restrict or filter output to explicitly installed packages\&. This option can be combined with +\fI\-t\fR +to list explicitly installed packages that are not required by any other package\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g, \-\-groups\fR +.RS 4 +Display all packages that are members of a named group\&. If a name is not specified, list all grouped packages\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-i, \-\-info\fR +.RS 4 +Display information on a given package\&. The +\fI\-p\fR +option can be used if querying a package file instead of the local database\&. Passing two +\fI\-\-info\fR +or +\fI\-i\fR +flags will also display the list of backup files and their modification states\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-k, \-\-check\fR +.RS 4 +Check that all files owned by the given package(s) are present on the system\&. If packages are not specified or filter flags are not provided, check all installed packages\&. Specifying this option twice will perform more detailed file checking (including permissions, file sizes, and modification times) for packages that contain the needed mtree file\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l, \-\-list\fR +.RS 4 +List all files owned by a given package\&. Multiple packages can be specified on the command line\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m, \-\-foreign\fR +.RS 4 +Restrict or filter output to packages that were not found in the sync database(s)\&. Typically these are packages that were downloaded manually and installed with +\fI\-\-upgrade\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-n, \-\-native\fR +.RS 4 +Restrict or filter output to packages that are found in the sync database(s)\&. This is the inverse filter of +\fI\-\-foreign\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o, \-\-owns\fR <file> +.RS 4 +Search for packages that own the specified file(s)\&. The path can be relative or absolute, and one or more files can be specified\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p, \-\-file\fR +.RS 4 +Signifies that the package supplied on the command line is a file and not an entry in the database\&. The file will be decompressed and queried\&. This is useful in combination with +\fI\-\-info\fR +and +\fI\-\-list\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q, \-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Show less information for certain query operations\&. This is useful when pacman\(cqs output is processed in a script\&. Search will only show package names and not version, group, and description information; owns will only show package names instead of "file is owned by pkg" messages; group will only show package names and omit group names; list will only show files and omit package names; check will only show pairs of package names and missing files; a bare query will only show package names rather than names and versions\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s, \-\-search\fR <regexp> +.RS 4 +Search each locally\-installed package for names or descriptions that match +regexp\&. When including multiple search terms, only packages with descriptions matching ALL of those terms are returned\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-t, \-\-unrequired\fR +.RS 4 +Restrict or filter output to print only packages neither required nor optionally required by any currently installed package\&. Specify this option twice to include packages which are optionally, but not directly, required by another package\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u, \-\-upgrades\fR +.RS 4 +Restrict or filter output to packages that are out\-of\-date on the local system\&. Only package versions are used to find outdated packages; replacements are not checked here\&. This option works best if the sync database is refreshed using +\fI\-Sy\fR\&. +.RE +.SH "REMOVE OPTIONS (APPLY TO \FI\-R\FR)" +.PP +\fB\-c, \-\-cascade\fR +.RS 4 +Remove all target packages, as well as all packages that depend on one or more target packages\&. This operation is recursive and must be used with care, since it can remove many potentially needed packages\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-n, \-\-nosave\fR +.RS 4 +Instructs pacman to ignore file backup designations\&. Normally, when a file is removed from the system, the database is checked to see if the file should be renamed with a +\fI\&.pacsave\fR +extension\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s, \-\-recursive\fR +.RS 4 +Remove each target specified including all of their dependencies, provided that (A) they are not required by other packages; and (B) they were not explicitly installed by the user\&. This operation is recursive and analogous to a backwards +\fI\-\-sync\fR +operation, and it helps keep a clean system without orphans\&. If you want to omit condition (B), pass this option twice\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u, \-\-unneeded\fR +.RS 4 +Removes targets that are not required by any other packages\&. This is mostly useful when removing a group without using the +\fI\-c\fR +option, to avoid breaking any dependencies\&. +.RE +.SH "SYNC OPTIONS (APPLY TO \FI\-S\FR)" +.PP +\fB\-c, \-\-clean\fR +.RS 4 +Remove packages that are no longer installed from the cache as well as currently unused sync databases to free up disk space\&. When pacman downloads packages, it saves them in a cache directory\&. In addition, databases are saved for every sync DB you download from and are not deleted even if they are removed from the configuration file +\fBpacman.conf\fR(5)\&. Use one +\fI\-\-clean\fR +switch to only remove packages that are no longer installed; use two to remove all files from the cache\&. In both cases, you will have a yes or no option to remove packages and/or unused downloaded databases\&. +.sp +If you use a network shared cache, see the +\fICleanMethod\fR +option in +\fBpacman.conf\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g, \-\-groups\fR +.RS 4 +Display all the members for each package group specified\&. If no group names are provided, all groups will be listed; pass the flag twice to view all groups and their members\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-i, \-\-info\fR +.RS 4 +Display information on a given sync database package\&. Passing two +\fI\-\-info\fR +or +\fI\-i\fR +flags will also display those packages in all repositories that depend on this package\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l, \-\-list\fR +.RS 4 +List all packages in the specified repositories\&. Multiple repositories can be specified on the command line\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q, \-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Show less information for certain sync operations\&. This is useful when pacman\(cqs output is processed in a script\&. Search will only show package names and not repository, version, group, and description information; list will only show package names and omit databases and versions; group will only show package names and omit group names\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s, \-\-search\fR <regexp> +.RS 4 +This will search each package in the sync databases for names or descriptions that match +regexp\&. When you include multiple search terms, only packages with descriptions matching ALL of those terms will be returned\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u, \-\-sysupgrade\fR +.RS 4 +Upgrades all packages that are out\-of\-date\&. Each currently\-installed package will be examined and upgraded if a newer package exists\&. A report of all packages to upgrade will be presented, and the operation will not proceed without user confirmation\&. Dependencies are automatically resolved at this level and will be installed/upgraded if necessary\&. +.sp +Pass this option twice to enable package downgrades; in this case, pacman will select sync packages whose versions do not match with the local versions\&. This can be useful when the user switches from a testing repository to a stable one\&. +.sp +Additional targets can also be specified manually, so that +\fI\-Su foo\fR +will do a system upgrade and install/upgrade the "foo" package in the same operation\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-y, \-\-refresh\fR +.RS 4 +Download a fresh copy of the master package database from the server(s) defined in +\fBpacman.conf\fR(5)\&. This should typically be used each time you use +\fI\-\-sysupgrade\fR +or +\fI\-u\fR\&. Passing two +\fI\-\-refresh\fR +or +\fI\-y\fR +flags will force a refresh of all package databases, even if they appear to be up\-to\-date\&. +.RE +.SH "DATABASE OPTIONS (APPLY TO \FI\-D\FR)" +.PP +\fB\-\-asdeps\fR <package> +.RS 4 +Mark a package as non\-explicitly installed; in other words, set their install reason to be installed as a dependency\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-asexplicit\fR <package> +.RS 4 +Mark a package as explicitly installed; in other words, set their install reason to be explicitly installed\&. This is useful if you want to keep a package installed even when it was initially installed as a dependency of another package\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-k, \-\-check\fR +.RS 4 +Check the local package database is internally consistent\&. This will check all required files are present and that installed packages have the required dependencies, do not conflict and that multiple packages do not own the same file\&. Specifying this option twice will perform a check on the sync databases to ensure all specified dependencies are available\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q, \-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Suppress messages on successful completion of database operations\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE OPTIONS (APPLY TO \FI\-F\FR)" +.PP +\fB\-y, \-\-refresh\fR +.RS 4 +Download fresh package databases from the server\&. Use twice to force a refresh even if databases are up to date\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l, \-\-list\fR +.RS 4 +List the files owned by the queried package\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-x, \-\-regex\fR +.RS 4 +Interpret each query as a regular expression\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q, \-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Show less information for certain file operations\&. This is useful when pacman\(cqs output is processed in a script, however, you may want to use +\fI\-\-machinereadable\fR +instead\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\-machinereadable\fR +.RS 4 +Print each match in a machine readable output format\&. The format is +\fIrepository\e0pkgname\e0pkgver\e0path\en\fR +with +\fI\e0\fR +being the NULL character and +\fI\en\fR +a linefeed\&. +.RE +.SH "HANDLING CONFIG FILES" +.sp +Pacman uses the same logic as \fIrpm\fR to determine action against files that are designated to be backed up\&. During an upgrade, three MD5 hashes are used for each backup file to determine the required action: one for the original file installed, one for the new file that is about to be installed, and one for the actual file existing on the file system\&. After comparing these three hashes, the following scenarios can result: +.PP +original=X, current=X, new=X +.RS 4 +All three files are the same, so overwrites are not an issue\&. Install the new file\&. +.RE +.PP +original=X, current=X, new=Y +.RS 4 +The current file is the same as the original, but the new one differs\&. Since the user did not ever modify the file, and the new one may contain improvements or bug fixes, install the new file\&. +.RE +.PP +original=X, current=Y, new=X +.RS 4 +Both package versions contain the exact same file, but the one on the file system has been modified\&. Leave the current file in place\&. +.RE +.PP +original=X, current=Y, new=Y +.RS 4 +The new file is identical to the current file\&. Install the new file\&. +.RE +.PP +original=X, current=Y, new=Z +.RS 4 +All three files are different, so install the new file with a +\fI\&.pacnew\fR +extension and warn the user\&. The user must then manually merge any necessary changes into the original file\&. +.RE +.PP +original=NULL, current=Y, new=Z +.RS 4 +The package was not previously installed, and the file already exists on the file system\&. Install the new file with a +\fI\&.pacnew\fR +extension and warn the user\&. The user must then manually merge any necessary changes into the original file\&. +.RE +.SH "EXAMPLES" +.PP +pacman \-Ss ne\&.hack +.RS 4 +Search for regexp "ne\&.hack" in package database\&. +.RE +.PP +pacman \-S gpm +.RS 4 +Download and install gpm including dependencies\&. +.RE +.PP +pacman \-U /home/user/ceofhack\-0\&.6\-1\-x86_64\&.pkg\&.tar\&.gz +.RS 4 +Install ceofhack\-0\&.6\-1 package from a local file\&. +.RE +.PP +pacman \-Syu +.RS 4 +Update package list and upgrade all packages afterwards\&. +.RE +.PP +pacman \-Syu gpm +.RS 4 +Update package list, upgrade all packages, and then install gpm if it wasn\(cqt already installed\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.sp +See \fBpacman.conf\fR(5) for more details on configuring pacman using the \fIpacman\&.conf\fR file\&. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.sp +\fBalpm-hooks\fR(5), \fBlibalpm\fR(3), \fBmakepkg\fR(8), \fBpacman.conf\fR(5) +.sp +See the pacman website at https://archlinux\&.org/pacman/ for current information on pacman and its related tools\&. +.SH "BUGS" +.sp +Bugs? You must be kidding; there are no bugs in this software\&. But if we happen to be wrong, submit a bug report with as much detail as possible at the Arch Linux Bug Tracker in the Pacman section\&. +.SH "AUTHORS" +.sp +Current maintainers: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +Allan McRae <allan@archlinux\&.org> +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +Andrew Gregory <andrew\&.gregory\&.8@gmail\&.com> +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +Eli Schwartz <eschwartz@archlinux\&.org> +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +Morgan Adamiec <morganamilo@archlinux\&.org> +.RE +.sp +Past major contributors: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +Judd Vinet <jvinet@zeroflux\&.org> +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +Aurelien Foret <aurelien@archlinux\&.org> +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +Aaron Griffin <aaron@archlinux\&.org> +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +Dan McGee <dan@archlinux\&.org> +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +Xavier Chantry <shiningxc@gmail\&.com> +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +Nagy Gabor <ngaba@bibl\&.u\-szeged\&.hu> +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +Dave Reisner <dreisner@archlinux\&.org> +.RE +.sp +For additional contributors, use git shortlog \-s on the pacman\&.git repository\&. |