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diff --git a/upstream/debian-bookworm/man1/openssl-req.1ssl b/upstream/debian-bookworm/man1/openssl-req.1ssl new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cda7e240 --- /dev/null +++ b/upstream/debian-bookworm/man1/openssl-req.1ssl @@ -0,0 +1,874 @@ +.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 4.14 (Pod::Simple 3.43) +.\" +.\" Standard preamble: +.\" ======================================================================== +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text +.ft CW +.nf +.ne \\$1 +.. +.de Ve \" End verbatim text +.ft R +.fi +.. +.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will +.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left +.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will +.\" give a nicer C++. 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Always turn off hyphenation; it makes +.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. +.if n .ad l +.nh +.SH "NAME" +openssl\-req \- PKCS#10 certificate request and certificate generating command +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.IX Header "SYNOPSIS" +\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBreq\fR +[\fB\-help\fR] +[\fB\-inform\fR \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR|\fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR] +[\fB\-outform\fR \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR|\fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR] +[\fB\-in\fR \fIfilename\fR] +[\fB\-passin\fR \fIarg\fR] +[\fB\-out\fR \fIfilename\fR] +[\fB\-passout\fR \fIarg\fR] +[\fB\-text\fR] +[\fB\-pubkey\fR] +[\fB\-noout\fR] +[\fB\-verify\fR] +[\fB\-modulus\fR] +[\fB\-new\fR] +[\fB\-newkey\fR \fIarg\fR] +[\fB\-pkeyopt\fR \fIopt\fR:\fIvalue\fR] +[\fB\-noenc\fR] +[\fB\-nodes\fR] +[\fB\-key\fR \fIfilename\fR|\fIuri\fR] +[\fB\-keyform\fR \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR|\fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR|\fBP12\fR|\fB\s-1ENGINE\s0\fR] +[\fB\-keyout\fR \fIfilename\fR] +[\fB\-keygen_engine\fR \fIid\fR] +[\fB\-\f(BIdigest\fB\fR] +[\fB\-config\fR \fIfilename\fR] +[\fB\-section\fR \fIname\fR] +[\fB\-x509\fR] +[\fB\-CA\fR \fIfilename\fR|\fIuri\fR] +[\fB\-CAkey\fR \fIfilename\fR|\fIuri\fR] +[\fB\-days\fR \fIn\fR] +[\fB\-set_serial\fR \fIn\fR] +[\fB\-newhdr\fR] +[\fB\-copy_extensions\fR \fIarg\fR] +[\fB\-addext\fR \fIext\fR] +[\fB\-extensions\fR \fIsection\fR] +[\fB\-reqexts\fR \fIsection\fR] +[\fB\-precert\fR] +[\fB\-utf8\fR] +[\fB\-reqopt\fR] +[\fB\-subject\fR] +[\fB\-subj\fR \fIarg\fR] +[\fB\-multivalue\-rdn\fR] +[\fB\-sigopt\fR \fInm\fR:\fIv\fR] +[\fB\-vfyopt\fR \fInm\fR:\fIv\fR] +[\fB\-batch\fR] +[\fB\-verbose\fR] +[\fB\-nameopt\fR \fIoption\fR] +[\fB\-rand\fR \fIfiles\fR] +[\fB\-writerand\fR \fIfile\fR] +[\fB\-engine\fR \fIid\fR] +[\fB\-provider\fR \fIname\fR] +[\fB\-provider\-path\fR \fIpath\fR] +[\fB\-propquery\fR \fIpropq\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.IX Header "DESCRIPTION" +This command primarily creates and processes certificate requests (CSRs) +in PKCS#10 format. It can additionally create self-signed certificates +for use as root CAs for example. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.IX Header "OPTIONS" +.IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-help" +Print out a usage message. +.IP "\fB\-inform\fR \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR|\fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR, \fB\-outform\fR \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR|\fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-inform DER|PEM, -outform DER|PEM" +The input and output formats; unspecified by default. +See \fBopenssl\-format\-options\fR\|(1) for details. +.Sp +The data is a PKCS#10 object. +.IP "\fB\-in\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-in filename" +This specifies the input filename to read a request from. +This defaults to standard input unless \fB\-x509\fR or \fB\-CA\fR is specified. +A request is only read if the creation options +(\fB\-new\fR or \fB\-newkey\fR or \fB\-precert\fR) are not specified. +.IP "\fB\-sigopt\fR \fInm\fR:\fIv\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-sigopt nm:v" +Pass options to the signature algorithm during sign operations. +Names and values of these options are algorithm-specific. +.IP "\fB\-vfyopt\fR \fInm\fR:\fIv\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-vfyopt nm:v" +Pass options to the signature algorithm during verify operations. +Names and values of these options are algorithm-specific. +.IP "\fB\-passin\fR \fIarg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-passin arg" +The password source for private key and certificate input. +For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR +see \fBopenssl\-passphrase\-options\fR\|(1). +.IP "\fB\-passout\fR \fIarg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-passout arg" +The password source for the output file. +For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR +see \fBopenssl\-passphrase\-options\fR\|(1). +.IP "\fB\-out\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-out filename" +This specifies the output filename to write to or standard output by default. +.IP "\fB\-text\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-text" +Prints out the certificate request in text form. +.IP "\fB\-subject\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-subject" +Prints out the certificate request subject +(or certificate subject if \fB\-x509\fR is in use). +.IP "\fB\-pubkey\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-pubkey" +Prints out the public key. +.IP "\fB\-noout\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-noout" +This option prevents output of the encoded version of the certificate request. +.IP "\fB\-modulus\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-modulus" +Prints out the value of the modulus of the public key contained in the request. +.IP "\fB\-verify\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-verify" +Verifies the self-signature on the request. +.IP "\fB\-new\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-new" +This option generates a new certificate request. It will prompt +the user for the relevant field values. The actual fields +prompted for and their maximum and minimum sizes are specified +in the configuration file and any requested extensions. +.Sp +If the \fB\-key\fR option is not given it will generate a new private key +using information specified in the configuration file or given with +the \fB\-newkey\fR and \fB\-pkeyopt\fR options, +else by default an \s-1RSA\s0 key with 2048 bits length. +.IP "\fB\-newkey\fR \fIarg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-newkey arg" +This option is used to generate a new private key unless \fB\-key\fR is given. +It is subsequently used as if it was given using the \fB\-key\fR option. +.Sp +This option implies the \fB\-new\fR flag to create a new certificate request +or a new certificate in case \fB\-x509\fR is given. +.Sp +The argument takes one of several forms. +.Sp +[\fBrsa:\fR]\fInbits\fR generates an \s-1RSA\s0 key \fInbits\fR in size. +If \fInbits\fR is omitted, i.e., \fB\-newkey\fR \fBrsa\fR is specified, +the default key size specified in the configuration file +with the \fBdefault_bits\fR option is used if present, else 2048. +.Sp +All other algorithms support the \fB\-newkey\fR \fIalgname\fR:\fIfile\fR form, where +\&\fIfile\fR is an algorithm parameter file, created with \f(CW\*(C`openssl genpkey \-genparam\*(C'\fR +or an X.509 certificate for a key with appropriate algorithm. +.Sp +\&\fBparam:\fR\fIfile\fR generates a key using the parameter file or certificate +\&\fIfile\fR, the algorithm is determined by the parameters. +.Sp +\&\fIalgname\fR[:\fIfile\fR] generates a key using the given algorithm \fIalgname\fR. +If a parameter file \fIfile\fR is given then the parameters specified there +are used, where the algorithm parameters must match \fIalgname\fR. +If algorithm parameters are not given, +any necessary parameters should be specified via the \fB\-pkeyopt\fR option. +.Sp +\&\fBdsa:\fR\fIfilename\fR generates a \s-1DSA\s0 key using the parameters +in the file \fIfilename\fR. \fBec:\fR\fIfilename\fR generates \s-1EC\s0 key (usable both with +\&\s-1ECDSA\s0 or \s-1ECDH\s0 algorithms), \fBgost2001:\fR\fIfilename\fR generates \s-1GOST R +34.10\-2001\s0 key (requires \fBgost\fR engine configured in the configuration +file). If just \fBgost2001\fR is specified a parameter set should be +specified by \fB\-pkeyopt\fR \fIparamset:X\fR +.IP "\fB\-pkeyopt\fR \fIopt\fR:\fIvalue\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-pkeyopt opt:value" +Set the public key algorithm option \fIopt\fR to \fIvalue\fR. The precise set of +options supported depends on the public key algorithm used and its +implementation. +See \*(L"\s-1KEY GENERATION OPTIONS\*(R"\s0 in \fBopenssl\-genpkey\fR\|(1) for more details. +.IP "\fB\-key\fR \fIfilename\fR|\fIuri\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-key filename|uri" +This option provides the private key for signing a new certificate or +certificate request. +Unless \fB\-in\fR is given, the corresponding public key is placed in +the new certificate or certificate request, resulting in a self-signature. +.Sp +For certificate signing this option is overridden by the \fB\-CA\fR option. +.Sp +This option also accepts PKCS#8 format private keys for \s-1PEM\s0 format files. +.IP "\fB\-keyform\fR \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR|\fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR|\fBP12\fR|\fB\s-1ENGINE\s0\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-keyform DER|PEM|P12|ENGINE" +The format of the private key; unspecified by default. +See \fBopenssl\-format\-options\fR\|(1) for details. +.IP "\fB\-keyout\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-keyout filename" +This gives the filename to write any private key to that has been newly created +or read from \fB\-key\fR. If neither the \fB\-keyout\fR option nor the \fB\-key\fR option +are given then the filename specified in the configuration file with the +\&\fBdefault_keyfile\fR option is used, if present. Thus, if you want to write the +private key and the \fB\-key\fR option is provided, you should provide the +\&\fB\-keyout\fR option explicitly. If a new key is generated and no filename is +specified the key is written to standard output. +.IP "\fB\-noenc\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-noenc" +If this option is specified then if a private key is created it +will not be encrypted. +.IP "\fB\-nodes\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-nodes" +This option is deprecated since OpenSSL 3.0; use \fB\-noenc\fR instead. +.IP "\fB\-\f(BIdigest\fB\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-digest" +This specifies the message digest to sign the request. +Any digest supported by the OpenSSL \fBdgst\fR command can be used. +This overrides the digest algorithm specified in +the configuration file. +.Sp +Some public key algorithms may override this choice. For instance, \s-1DSA\s0 +signatures always use \s-1SHA1, GOST R 34.10\s0 signatures always use +\&\s-1GOST R 34.11\-94\s0 (\fB\-md_gost94\fR), Ed25519 and Ed448 never use any digest. +.IP "\fB\-config\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-config filename" +This allows an alternative configuration file to be specified. +Optional; for a description of the default value, +see \*(L"\s-1COMMAND SUMMARY\*(R"\s0 in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1). +.IP "\fB\-section\fR \fIname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-section name" +Specifies the name of the section to use; the default is \fBreq\fR. +.IP "\fB\-subj\fR \fIarg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-subj arg" +Sets subject name for new request or supersedes the subject name +when processing a certificate request. +.Sp +The arg must be formatted as \f(CW\*(C`/type0=value0/type1=value1/type2=...\*(C'\fR. +Special characters may be escaped by \f(CW\*(C`\e\*(C'\fR (backslash), whitespace is retained. +Empty values are permitted, but the corresponding type will not be included +in the request. +Giving a single \f(CW\*(C`/\*(C'\fR will lead to an empty sequence of RDNs (a NULL-DN). +Multi-valued RDNs can be formed by placing a \f(CW\*(C`+\*(C'\fR character instead of a \f(CW\*(C`/\*(C'\fR +between the AttributeValueAssertions (AVAs) that specify the members of the set. +Example: +.Sp +\&\f(CW\*(C`/DC=org/DC=OpenSSL/DC=users/UID=123456+CN=John Doe\*(C'\fR +.IP "\fB\-multivalue\-rdn\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-multivalue-rdn" +This option has been deprecated and has no effect. +.IP "\fB\-x509\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-x509" +This option outputs a certificate instead of a certificate request. +This is typically used to generate test certificates. +It is implied by the \fB\-CA\fR option. +.Sp +This option implies the \fB\-new\fR flag if \fB\-in\fR is not given. +.Sp +If an existing request is specified with the \fB\-in\fR option, it is converted +to the a certificate; otherwise a request is created from scratch. +.Sp +Unless specified using the \fB\-set_serial\fR option, +a large random number will be used for the serial number. +.Sp +Unless the \fB\-copy_extensions\fR option is used, +X.509 extensions are not copied from any provided request input file. +.Sp +X.509 extensions to be added can be specified in the configuration file +or using the \fB\-addext\fR option. +.IP "\fB\-CA\fR \fIfilename\fR|\fIuri\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-CA filename|uri" +Specifies the \*(L"\s-1CA\*(R"\s0 certificate to be used for signing a new certificate +and implies use of \fB\-x509\fR. +When present, this behaves like a \*(L"micro \s-1CA\*(R"\s0 as follows: +The subject name of the \*(L"\s-1CA\*(R"\s0 certificate is placed as issuer name in the new +certificate, which is then signed using the \*(L"\s-1CA\*(R"\s0 key given as specified below. +.IP "\fB\-CAkey\fR \fIfilename\fR|\fIuri\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-CAkey filename|uri" +Sets the \*(L"\s-1CA\*(R"\s0 private key to sign a certificate with. +The private key must match the public key of the certificate given with \fB\-CA\fR. +If this option is not provided then the key must be present in the \fB\-CA\fR input. +.IP "\fB\-days\fR \fIn\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-days n" +When \fB\-x509\fR is in use this specifies the number of +days to certify the certificate for, otherwise it is ignored. \fIn\fR should +be a positive integer. The default is 30 days. +.IP "\fB\-set_serial\fR \fIn\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-set_serial n" +Serial number to use when outputting a self-signed certificate. +This may be specified as a decimal value or a hex value if preceded by \f(CW\*(C`0x\*(C'\fR. +If not given, a large random number will be used. +.IP "\fB\-copy_extensions\fR \fIarg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-copy_extensions arg" +Determines how X.509 extensions in certificate requests should be handled +when \fB\-x509\fR is in use. +If \fIarg\fR is \fBnone\fR or this option is not present then extensions are ignored. +If \fIarg\fR is \fBcopy\fR or \fBcopyall\fR then +all extensions in the request are copied to the certificate. +.Sp +The main use of this option is to allow a certificate request to supply +values for certain extensions such as subjectAltName. +.IP "\fB\-addext\fR \fIext\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-addext ext" +Add a specific extension to the certificate (if \fB\-x509\fR is in use) +or certificate request. The argument must have the form of +a key=value pair as it would appear in a config file. +.Sp +This option can be given multiple times. +.IP "\fB\-extensions\fR \fIsection\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-extensions section" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-reqexts\fR \fIsection\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-reqexts section" +.PD +These options specify alternative sections to include certificate +extensions (if \fB\-x509\fR is in use) or certificate request extensions. +This allows several different sections to +be used in the same configuration file to specify requests for +a variety of purposes. +.IP "\fB\-precert\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-precert" +A poison extension will be added to the certificate, making it a +\&\*(L"pre-certificate\*(R" (see \s-1RFC6962\s0). This can be submitted to Certificate +Transparency logs in order to obtain signed certificate timestamps (SCTs). +These SCTs can then be embedded into the pre-certificate as an extension, before +removing the poison and signing the certificate. +.Sp +This implies the \fB\-new\fR flag. +.IP "\fB\-utf8\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-utf8" +This option causes field values to be interpreted as \s-1UTF8\s0 strings, by +default they are interpreted as \s-1ASCII.\s0 This means that the field +values, whether prompted from a terminal or obtained from a +configuration file, must be valid \s-1UTF8\s0 strings. +.IP "\fB\-reqopt\fR \fIoption\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-reqopt option" +Customise the printing format used with \fB\-text\fR. The \fIoption\fR argument can be +a single option or multiple options separated by commas. +.Sp +See discussion of the \fB\-certopt\fR parameter in the \fBopenssl\-x509\fR\|(1) +command. +.IP "\fB\-newhdr\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-newhdr" +Adds the word \fB\s-1NEW\s0\fR to the \s-1PEM\s0 file header and footer lines on the outputted +request. Some software (Netscape certificate server) and some CAs need this. +.IP "\fB\-batch\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-batch" +Non-interactive mode. +.IP "\fB\-verbose\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-verbose" +Print extra details about the operations being performed. +.IP "\fB\-keygen_engine\fR \fIid\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-keygen_engine id" +Specifies an engine (by its unique \fIid\fR string) which would be used +for key generation operations. +.IP "\fB\-nameopt\fR \fIoption\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-nameopt option" +This specifies how the subject or issuer names are displayed. +See \fBopenssl\-namedisplay\-options\fR\|(1) for details. +.IP "\fB\-rand\fR \fIfiles\fR, \fB\-writerand\fR \fIfile\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-rand files, -writerand file" +See \*(L"Random State Options\*(R" in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1) for details. +.IP "\fB\-engine\fR \fIid\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-engine id" +See \*(L"Engine Options\*(R" in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1). +This option is deprecated. +.IP "\fB\-provider\fR \fIname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-provider name" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-provider\-path\fR \fIpath\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-provider-path path" +.IP "\fB\-propquery\fR \fIpropq\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-propquery propq" +.PD +See \*(L"Provider Options\*(R" in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1), \fBprovider\fR\|(7), and \fBproperty\fR\|(7). +.SH "CONFIGURATION FILE FORMAT" +.IX Header "CONFIGURATION FILE FORMAT" +The configuration options are specified in the \fBreq\fR section of +the configuration file. An alternate name be specified by using the +\&\fB\-section\fR option. +As with all configuration files, if no +value is specified in the specific section then +the initial unnamed or \fBdefault\fR section is searched too. +.PP +The options available are described in detail below. +.IP "\fBinput_password\fR, \fBoutput_password\fR" 4 +.IX Item "input_password, output_password" +The passwords for the input private key file (if present) and +the output private key file (if one will be created). The +command line options \fBpassin\fR and \fBpassout\fR override the +configuration file values. +.IP "\fBdefault_bits\fR" 4 +.IX Item "default_bits" +Specifies the default key size in bits. +.Sp +This option is used in conjunction with the \fB\-new\fR option to generate +a new key. It can be overridden by specifying an explicit key size in +the \fB\-newkey\fR option. The smallest accepted key size is 512 bits. If +no key size is specified then 2048 bits is used. +.IP "\fBdefault_keyfile\fR" 4 +.IX Item "default_keyfile" +This is the default filename to write a private key to. If not +specified the key is written to standard output. This can be +overridden by the \fB\-keyout\fR option. +.IP "\fBoid_file\fR" 4 +.IX Item "oid_file" +This specifies a file containing additional \fB\s-1OBJECT IDENTIFIERS\s0\fR. +Each line of the file should consist of the numerical form of the +object identifier followed by whitespace then the short name followed +by whitespace and finally the long name. +.IP "\fBoid_section\fR" 4 +.IX Item "oid_section" +This specifies a section in the configuration file containing extra +object identifiers. Each line should consist of the short name of the +object identifier followed by \fB=\fR and the numerical form. The short +and long names are the same when this option is used. +.IP "\fB\s-1RANDFILE\s0\fR" 4 +.IX Item "RANDFILE" +At startup the specified file is loaded into the random number generator, +and at exit 256 bytes will be written to it. +It is used for private key generation. +.IP "\fBencrypt_key\fR" 4 +.IX Item "encrypt_key" +If this is set to \fBno\fR then if a private key is generated it is +\&\fBnot\fR encrypted. This is equivalent to the \fB\-noenc\fR command line +option. For compatibility \fBencrypt_rsa_key\fR is an equivalent option. +.IP "\fBdefault_md\fR" 4 +.IX Item "default_md" +This option specifies the digest algorithm to use. Any digest supported by the +OpenSSL \fBdgst\fR command can be used. This option can be overridden on the +command line. Certain signing algorithms (i.e. Ed25519 and Ed448) will ignore +any digest that has been set. +.IP "\fBstring_mask\fR" 4 +.IX Item "string_mask" +This option masks out the use of certain string types in certain +fields. Most users will not need to change this option. +.Sp +It can be set to several values \fBdefault\fR which is also the default +option uses PrintableStrings, T61Strings and BMPStrings if the +\&\fBpkix\fR value is used then only PrintableStrings and BMPStrings will +be used. This follows the \s-1PKIX\s0 recommendation in \s-1RFC2459.\s0 If the +\&\fButf8only\fR option is used then only UTF8Strings will be used: this +is the \s-1PKIX\s0 recommendation in \s-1RFC2459\s0 after 2003. Finally the \fBnombstr\fR +option just uses PrintableStrings and T61Strings: certain software has +problems with BMPStrings and UTF8Strings: in particular Netscape. +.IP "\fBreq_extensions\fR" 4 +.IX Item "req_extensions" +This specifies the configuration file section containing a list of +extensions to add to the certificate request. It can be overridden +by the \fB\-reqexts\fR command line switch. See the +\&\fBx509v3_config\fR\|(5) manual page for details of the +extension section format. +.IP "\fBx509_extensions\fR" 4 +.IX Item "x509_extensions" +This specifies the configuration file section containing a list of +extensions to add to certificate generated when \fB\-x509\fR is in use. +It can be overridden by the \fB\-extensions\fR command line switch. +.IP "\fBprompt\fR" 4 +.IX Item "prompt" +If set to the value \fBno\fR this disables prompting of certificate fields +and just takes values from the config file directly. It also changes the +expected format of the \fBdistinguished_name\fR and \fBattributes\fR sections. +.IP "\fButf8\fR" 4 +.IX Item "utf8" +If set to the value \fByes\fR then field values to be interpreted as \s-1UTF8\s0 +strings, by default they are interpreted as \s-1ASCII.\s0 This means that +the field values, whether prompted from a terminal or obtained from a +configuration file, must be valid \s-1UTF8\s0 strings. +.IP "\fBattributes\fR" 4 +.IX Item "attributes" +This specifies the section containing any request attributes: its format +is the same as \fBdistinguished_name\fR. Typically these may contain the +challengePassword or unstructuredName types. They are currently ignored +by OpenSSL's request signing utilities but some CAs might want them. +.IP "\fBdistinguished_name\fR" 4 +.IX Item "distinguished_name" +This specifies the section containing the distinguished name fields to +prompt for when generating a certificate or certificate request. The format +is described in the next section. +.SH "DISTINGUISHED NAME AND ATTRIBUTE SECTION FORMAT" +.IX Header "DISTINGUISHED NAME AND ATTRIBUTE SECTION FORMAT" +There are two separate formats for the distinguished name and attribute +sections. If the \fBprompt\fR option is set to \fBno\fR then these sections +just consist of field names and values: for example, +.PP +.Vb 3 +\& CN=My Name +\& OU=My Organization +\& emailAddress=someone@somewhere.org +.Ve +.PP +This allows external programs (e.g. \s-1GUI\s0 based) to generate a template file with +all the field names and values and just pass it to this command. An example +of this kind of configuration file is contained in the \fB\s-1EXAMPLES\s0\fR section. +.PP +Alternatively if the \fBprompt\fR option is absent or not set to \fBno\fR then the +file contains field prompting information. It consists of lines of the form: +.PP +.Vb 4 +\& fieldName="prompt" +\& fieldName_default="default field value" +\& fieldName_min= 2 +\& fieldName_max= 4 +.Ve +.PP +\&\*(L"fieldName\*(R" is the field name being used, for example commonName (or \s-1CN\s0). +The \*(L"prompt\*(R" string is used to ask the user to enter the relevant +details. If the user enters nothing then the default value is used if no +default value is present then the field is omitted. A field can +still be omitted if a default value is present if the user just +enters the '.' character. +.PP +The number of characters entered must be between the fieldName_min and +fieldName_max limits: there may be additional restrictions based +on the field being used (for example countryName can only ever be +two characters long and must fit in a PrintableString). +.PP +Some fields (such as organizationName) can be used more than once +in a \s-1DN.\s0 This presents a problem because configuration files will +not recognize the same name occurring twice. To avoid this problem +if the fieldName contains some characters followed by a full stop +they will be ignored. So for example a second organizationName can +be input by calling it \*(L"1.organizationName\*(R". +.PP +The actual permitted field names are any object identifier short or +long names. These are compiled into OpenSSL and include the usual +values such as commonName, countryName, localityName, organizationName, +organizationalUnitName, stateOrProvinceName. Additionally emailAddress +is included as well as name, surname, givenName, initials, and dnQualifier. +.PP +Additional object identifiers can be defined with the \fBoid_file\fR or +\&\fBoid_section\fR options in the configuration file. Any additional fields +will be treated as though they were a DirectoryString. +.SH "EXAMPLES" +.IX Header "EXAMPLES" +Examine and verify certificate request: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl req \-in req.pem \-text \-verify \-noout +.Ve +.PP +Create a private key and then generate a certificate request from it: +.PP +.Vb 2 +\& openssl genrsa \-out key.pem 2048 +\& openssl req \-new \-key key.pem \-out req.pem +.Ve +.PP +The same but just using req: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl req \-newkey rsa:2048 \-keyout key.pem \-out req.pem +.Ve +.PP +Generate a self-signed root certificate: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl req \-x509 \-newkey rsa:2048 \-keyout key.pem \-out req.pem +.Ve +.PP +Create an \s-1SM2\s0 private key and then generate a certificate request from it: +.PP +.Vb 2 +\& openssl ecparam \-genkey \-name SM2 \-out sm2.key +\& openssl req \-new \-key sm2.key \-out sm2.csr \-sm3 \-sigopt "distid:1234567812345678" +.Ve +.PP +Examine and verify an \s-1SM2\s0 certificate request: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl req \-verify \-in sm2.csr \-sm3 \-vfyopt "distid:1234567812345678" +.Ve +.PP +Example of a file pointed to by the \fBoid_file\fR option: +.PP +.Vb 2 +\& 1.2.3.4 shortName A longer Name +\& 1.2.3.6 otherName Other longer Name +.Ve +.PP +Example of a section pointed to by \fBoid_section\fR making use of variable +expansion: +.PP +.Vb 2 +\& testoid1=1.2.3.5 +\& testoid2=${testoid1}.6 +.Ve +.PP +Sample configuration file prompting for field values: +.PP +.Vb 6 +\& [ req ] +\& default_bits = 2048 +\& default_keyfile = privkey.pem +\& distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name +\& attributes = req_attributes +\& req_extensions = v3_ca +\& +\& dirstring_type = nobmp +\& +\& [ req_distinguished_name ] +\& countryName = Country Name (2 letter code) +\& countryName_default = AU +\& countryName_min = 2 +\& countryName_max = 2 +\& +\& localityName = Locality Name (eg, city) +\& +\& organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) +\& +\& commonName = Common Name (eg, YOUR name) +\& commonName_max = 64 +\& +\& emailAddress = Email Address +\& emailAddress_max = 40 +\& +\& [ req_attributes ] +\& challengePassword = A challenge password +\& challengePassword_min = 4 +\& challengePassword_max = 20 +\& +\& [ v3_ca ] +\& +\& subjectKeyIdentifier=hash +\& authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer:always +\& basicConstraints = critical, CA:true +.Ve +.PP +Sample configuration containing all field values: +.PP +.Vb 7 +\& [ req ] +\& default_bits = 2048 +\& default_keyfile = keyfile.pem +\& distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name +\& attributes = req_attributes +\& prompt = no +\& output_password = mypass +\& +\& [ req_distinguished_name ] +\& C = GB +\& ST = Test State or Province +\& L = Test Locality +\& O = Organization Name +\& OU = Organizational Unit Name +\& CN = Common Name +\& emailAddress = test@email.address +\& +\& [ req_attributes ] +\& challengePassword = A challenge password +.Ve +.PP +Example of giving the most common attributes (subject and extensions) +on the command line: +.PP +.Vb 4 +\& openssl req \-new \-subj "/C=GB/CN=foo" \e +\& \-addext "subjectAltName = DNS:foo.co.uk" \e +\& \-addext "certificatePolicies = 1.2.3.4" \e +\& \-newkey rsa:2048 \-keyout key.pem \-out req.pem +.Ve +.SH "NOTES" +.IX Header "NOTES" +The certificate requests generated by \fBXenroll\fR with \s-1MSIE\s0 have extensions +added. It includes the \fBkeyUsage\fR extension which determines the type of +key (signature only or general purpose) and any additional OIDs entered +by the script in an \fBextendedKeyUsage\fR extension. +.SH "DIAGNOSTICS" +.IX Header "DIAGNOSTICS" +The following messages are frequently asked about: +.PP +.Vb 2 +\& Using configuration from /some/path/openssl.cnf +\& Unable to load config info +.Ve +.PP +This is followed some time later by: +.PP +.Vb 2 +\& unable to find \*(Aqdistinguished_name\*(Aq in config +\& problems making Certificate Request +.Ve +.PP +The first error message is the clue: it can't find the configuration +file! Certain operations (like examining a certificate request) don't +need a configuration file so its use isn't enforced. Generation of +certificates or requests however does need a configuration file. This +could be regarded as a bug. +.PP +Another puzzling message is this: +.PP +.Vb 2 +\& Attributes: +\& a0:00 +.Ve +.PP +this is displayed when no attributes are present and the request includes +the correct empty \fB\s-1SET OF\s0\fR structure (the \s-1DER\s0 encoding of which is 0xa0 +0x00). If you just see: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& Attributes: +.Ve +.PP +then the \fB\s-1SET OF\s0\fR is missing and the encoding is technically invalid (but +it is tolerated). See the description of the command line option \fB\-asn1\-kludge\fR +for more information. +.SH "BUGS" +.IX Header "BUGS" +OpenSSL's handling of T61Strings (aka TeletexStrings) is broken: it effectively +treats them as \s-1ISO\-8859\-1\s0 (Latin 1), Netscape and \s-1MSIE\s0 have similar behaviour. +This can cause problems if you need characters that aren't available in +PrintableStrings and you don't want to or can't use BMPStrings. +.PP +As a consequence of the T61String handling the only correct way to represent +accented characters in OpenSSL is to use a BMPString: unfortunately Netscape +currently chokes on these. If you have to use accented characters with Netscape +and \s-1MSIE\s0 then you currently need to use the invalid T61String form. +.PP +The current prompting is not very friendly. It doesn't allow you to confirm what +you've just entered. Other things like extensions in certificate requests are +statically defined in the configuration file. Some of these: like an email +address in subjectAltName should be input by the user. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.IX Header "SEE ALSO" +\&\fBopenssl\fR\|(1), +\&\fBopenssl\-x509\fR\|(1), +\&\fBopenssl\-ca\fR\|(1), +\&\fBopenssl\-genrsa\fR\|(1), +\&\fBopenssl\-gendsa\fR\|(1), +\&\fBconfig\fR\|(5), +\&\fBx509v3_config\fR\|(5) +.SH "HISTORY" +.IX Header "HISTORY" +The \fB\-section\fR option was added in OpenSSL 3.0.0. +.PP +The \fB\-multivalue\-rdn\fR option has become obsolete in OpenSSL 3.0.0 and +has no effect. +.PP +The \fB\-engine\fR option was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0. +The <\-nodes> option was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0, too; use \fB\-noenc\fR instead. +.SH "COPYRIGHT" +.IX Header "COPYRIGHT" +Copyright 2000\-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved. +.PP +Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the \*(L"License\*(R"). You may not use +this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy +in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at +<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>. |