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+.\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE!  It was generated by help2man 1.33.
+.TH TAR "1" "January 2024" "tar 1.35" "User Commands"
+.SH NAME
+A tar (tape archiver) program.
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B tar
+[\fIOPTION\fR...] [\fIFILE\fR]...
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+GNU 'tar' saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can
+restore individual files from the archive.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.TP
+tar \fB\-cf\fR archive.tar foo bar
+# Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.
+.TP
+tar \fB\-tvf\fR archive.tar
+# List all files in archive.tar verbosely.
+.TP
+tar \fB\-xf\fR archive.tar
+# Extract all files from archive.tar.
+.IP
+Main operation mode:
+.TP
+\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-catenate\fR, \fB\-\-concatenate\fR
+append tar files to an archive
+.TP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-create\fR
+create a new archive
+.TP
+\fB\-\-delete\fR
+delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!)
+.TP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-diff\fR, \fB\-\-compare\fR
+find differences between archive and file system
+.TP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR
+append files to the end of an archive
+.TP
+\fB\-\-test\-label\fR
+test the archive volume label and exit
+.TP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+list the contents of an archive
+.TP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-update\fR
+only append files newer than copy in archive
+.TP
+\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-extract\fR, \fB\-\-get\fR
+extract files from an archive
+.IP
+Operation modifiers:
+.TP
+\fB\-\-check\-device\fR
+check device numbers when creating incremental
+archives (default)
+.TP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-listed\-incremental\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+handle new GNU-format incremental backup
+.TP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-incremental\fR
+handle old GNU-format incremental backup
+.TP
+\fB\-\-hole\-detection\fR=\fITYPE\fR
+technique to detect holes
+.TP
+\fB\-\-ignore\-failed\-read\fR
+do not exit with nonzero on unreadable files
+.TP
+\fB\-\-level\fR=\fINUMBER\fR
+dump level for created listed-incremental archive
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-check\-device\fR
+do not check device numbers when creating
+incremental archives
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-seek\fR
+archive is not seekable
+.TP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-seek\fR
+archive is seekable
+.TP
+\fB\-\-occurrence\fR[=\fINUMBER\fR]
+process only the NUMBERth occurrence of each file
+in the archive; this option is valid only in
+conjunction with one of the subcommands \fB\-\-delete\fR,
+\fB\-\-diff\fR, \fB\-\-extract\fR or \fB\-\-list\fR and when a list of
+files is given either on the command line or via
+the \fB\-T\fR option; NUMBER defaults to 1
+.TP
+\fB\-\-sparse\-version\fR=\fIMAJOR[\fR.MINOR]
+set version of the sparse format to use (implies
+\fB\-\-sparse\fR)
+.TP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-sparse\fR
+handle sparse files efficiently
+.IP
+Local file name selection:
+.TP
+\fB\-\-add\-file\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+add given FILE to the archive (useful if its name
+starts with a dash)
+.TP
+\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-directory\fR=\fIDIR\fR
+change to directory DIR
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\fR=\fIPATTERN\fR
+exclude files, given as a PATTERN
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-backups\fR
+exclude backup and lock files
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-caches\fR
+exclude contents of directories containing
+CACHEDIR.TAG, except for the tag file itself
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-caches\-all\fR
+exclude directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-caches\-under\fR exclude everything under directories containing
+CACHEDIR.TAG
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-ignore\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+read exclude patterns for each directory from
+FILE, if it exists
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-ignore\-recursive\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+read exclude patterns for each directory and its
+subdirectories from FILE, if it exists
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-tag\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+exclude contents of directories containing FILE,
+except for FILE itself
+.HP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-tag\-all\fR=\fIFILE\fR exclude directories containing FILE
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-tag\-under\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+exclude everything under directories
+containing FILE
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-vcs\fR
+exclude version control system directories
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-vcs\-ignores\fR
+read exclude patterns from the VCS ignore files
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-null\fR
+disable the effect of the previous \fB\-\-null\fR option
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-recursion\fR
+avoid descending automatically in directories
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-unquote\fR
+do not unquote input file or member names
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-verbatim\-files\-from\fR   \fB\-T\fR treats file names starting with dash as
+options (default)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-null\fR                 \fB\-T\fR reads null-terminated names; implies
+\fB\-\-verbatim\-files\-from\fR
+.TP
+\fB\-\-recursion\fR
+recurse into directories (default)
+.TP
+\fB\-T\fR, \fB\-\-files\-from\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+get names to extract or create from FILE
+.TP
+\fB\-\-unquote\fR
+unquote input file or member names (default)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-verbatim\-files\-from\fR  \fB\-T\fR reads file names verbatim (no escape or option
+handling)
+.TP
+\fB\-X\fR, \fB\-\-exclude\-from\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+exclude patterns listed in FILE
+.IP
+File name matching options (affect both exclude and include patterns):
+.TP
+\fB\-\-anchored\fR
+patterns match file name start
+.TP
+\fB\-\-ignore\-case\fR
+ignore case
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-anchored\fR
+patterns match after any '/' (default for
+exclusion)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-ignore\-case\fR
+case sensitive matching (default)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-wildcards\fR
+verbatim string matching
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-wildcards\-match\-slash\fR
+wildcards do not match '/'
+.TP
+\fB\-\-wildcards\fR
+use wildcards (default for exclusion)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-wildcards\-match\-slash\fR
+wildcards match '/' (default for exclusion)
+.IP
+Overwrite control:
+.TP
+\fB\-\-keep\-directory\-symlink\fR
+preserve existing symlinks to directories when
+extracting
+.TP
+\fB\-\-keep\-newer\-files\fR
+don't replace existing files that are newer than
+their archive copies
+.TP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-old\-files\fR
+don't replace existing files when extracting,
+treat them as errors
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-overwrite\-dir\fR
+preserve metadata of existing directories
+.TP
+\fB\-\-one\-top\-level\fR[=\fIDIR\fR]
+create a subdirectory to avoid having loose files
+extracted
+.TP
+\fB\-\-overwrite\fR
+overwrite existing files when extracting
+.TP
+\fB\-\-overwrite\-dir\fR
+overwrite metadata of existing directories when
+extracting (default)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-recursive\-unlink\fR
+empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory
+.TP
+\fB\-\-remove\-files\fR
+remove files after adding them to the archive
+.TP
+\fB\-\-skip\-old\-files\fR
+don't replace existing files when extracting,
+silently skip over them
+.TP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlink\-first\fR
+remove each file prior to extracting over it
+.TP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-verify\fR
+attempt to verify the archive after writing it
+.IP
+Select output stream:
+.HP
+\fB\-\-ignore\-command\-error\fR ignore exit codes of children
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-ignore\-command\-error\fR
+treat non-zero exit codes of children as
+error
+.TP
+\fB\-O\fR, \fB\-\-to\-stdout\fR
+extract files to standard output
+.TP
+\fB\-\-to\-command\fR=\fICOMMAND\fR
+pipe extracted files to another program
+.IP
+Handling of file attributes:
+.TP
+\fB\-\-atime\-preserve\fR[=\fIMETHOD\fR]
+preserve access times on dumped files, either
+by restoring the times after reading
+(METHOD='replace'; default) or by not setting the
+times in the first place (METHOD='system')
+.TP
+\fB\-\-clamp\-mtime\fR
+only set time when the file is more recent than
+what was given with \fB\-\-mtime\fR
+.TP
+\fB\-\-delay\-directory\-restore\fR
+delay setting modification times and
+permissions of extracted directories until the end
+of extraction
+.TP
+\fB\-\-group\fR=\fINAME\fR
+force NAME as group for added files
+.TP
+\fB\-\-group\-map\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+use FILE to map file owner GIDs and names
+.TP
+\fB\-\-mode\fR=\fICHANGES\fR
+force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files
+.TP
+\fB\-\-mtime\fR=\fIDATE\-OR\-FILE\fR
+set mtime for added files from DATE-OR-FILE
+.TP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-touch\fR
+don't extract file modified time
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-delay\-directory\-restore\fR
+cancel the effect of \fB\-\-delay\-directory\-restore\fR
+option
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-same\-owner\fR
+extract files as yourself (default for ordinary
+users)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-same\-permissions\fR
+apply the user's umask when extracting permissions
+from the archive (default for ordinary users)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-numeric\-owner\fR
+always use numbers for user/group names
+.TP
+\fB\-\-owner\fR=\fINAME\fR
+force NAME as owner for added files
+.TP
+\fB\-\-owner\-map\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+use FILE to map file owner UIDs and names
+.TP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-permissions\fR, \fB\-\-same\-permissions\fR
+extract information about file permissions
+(default for superuser)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-same\-owner\fR
+try extracting files with the same ownership as
+exists in the archive (default for superuser)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-sort\fR=\fIORDER\fR
+directory sorting order: none (default), name or
+inode
+.TP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-order\fR, \fB\-\-same\-order\fR
+member arguments are listed in the same order as
+the files in the archive
+.IP
+Handling of extended file attributes:
+.TP
+\fB\-\-acls\fR
+Enable the POSIX ACLs support
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-acls\fR
+Disable the POSIX ACLs support
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-selinux\fR
+Disable the SELinux context support
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-xattrs\fR
+Disable extended attributes support
+.TP
+\fB\-\-selinux\fR
+Enable the SELinux context support
+.TP
+\fB\-\-xattrs\fR
+Enable extended attributes support
+.TP
+\fB\-\-xattrs\-exclude\fR=\fIMASK\fR
+specify the exclude pattern for xattr keys
+.TP
+\fB\-\-xattrs\-include\fR=\fIMASK\fR
+specify the include pattern for xattr keys
+.IP
+Device selection and switching:
+.TP
+\fB\-\-force\-local\fR
+archive file is local even if it has a colon
+.TP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-file\fR=\fIARCHIVE\fR
+use archive file or device ARCHIVE
+.TP
+\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-info\-script\fR=\fINAME\fR, \fB\-\-new\-volume\-script\fR=\fINAME\fR
+run script at end of each tape (implies \fB\-M\fR)
+.TP
+\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-tape\-length\fR=\fINUMBER\fR
+change tape after writing NUMBER x 1024 bytes
+.TP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-multi\-volume\fR
+create/list/extract multi-volume archive
+.TP
+\fB\-\-rmt\-command\fR=\fICOMMAND\fR
+use given rmt COMMAND instead of rmt
+.TP
+\fB\-\-rsh\-command\fR=\fICOMMAND\fR
+use remote COMMAND instead of rsh
+.TP
+\fB\-\-volno\-file\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+use/update the volume number in FILE
+.IP
+Device blocking:
+.TP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-blocking\-factor\fR=\fIBLOCKS\fR
+BLOCKS x 512 bytes per record
+.TP
+\fB\-B\fR, \fB\-\-read\-full\-records\fR
+reblock as we read (for 4.2BSD pipes)
+.TP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-ignore\-zeros\fR
+ignore zeroed blocks in archive (means EOF)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-record\-size\fR=\fINUMBER\fR
+NUMBER of bytes per record, multiple of 512
+.IP
+Archive format selection:
+.TP
+\fB\-H\fR, \fB\-\-format\fR=\fIFORMAT\fR
+create archive of the given format
+.IP
+FORMAT is one of the following:
+.TP
+gnu
+GNU tar 1.13.x format
+.TP
+oldgnu
+GNU format as per tar <= 1.12
+.TP
+pax
+POSIX 1003.1-2001 (pax) format
+.TP
+posix
+same as pax
+.TP
+ustar
+POSIX 1003.1-1988 (ustar) format
+.TP
+v7
+old V7 tar format
+.TP
+\fB\-\-old\-archive\fR, \fB\-\-portability\fR
+same as \fB\-\-format\fR=\fIv7\fR
+.TP
+\fB\-\-pax\-option\fR=\fIkeyword[[\fR:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value]]...
+control pax keywords
+.TP
+\fB\-\-posix\fR
+same as \fB\-\-format\fR=\fIposix\fR
+.TP
+\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-label\fR=\fITEXT\fR
+create archive with volume name TEXT; at
+list/extract time, use TEXT as a globbing pattern
+for volume name
+.IP
+Compression options:
+.TP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-auto\-compress\fR
+use archive suffix to determine the compression
+program
+.TP
+\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-use\-compress\-program\fR=\fIPROG\fR
+filter through PROG (must accept \fB\-d\fR)
+.TP
+\fB\-j\fR, \fB\-\-bzip2\fR
+filter the archive through bzip2
+.TP
+\fB\-J\fR, \fB\-\-xz\fR
+filter the archive through xz
+.TP
+\fB\-\-lzip\fR
+filter the archive through lzip
+.TP
+\fB\-\-lzop\fR
+filter the archive through lzop
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-auto\-compress\fR
+do not use archive suffix to determine the
+compression program
+.TP
+\fB\-Y\fR, \fB\-\-lzma\fR
+filter the archive through xz \fB\-\-format\fR=\fIlzma\fR
+.TP
+\fB\-\-zstd\fR
+filter the archive through zstd
+.TP
+\fB\-z\fR, \fB\-\-gzip\fR, \fB\-\-gunzip\fR, \fB\-\-ungzip\fR
+filter the archive through gzip
+.TP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-compress\fR, \fB\-\-uncompress\fR
+filter the archive through compress
+.IP
+Local file selection:
+.TP
+\fB\-\-backup\fR[=\fICONTROL\fR]
+backup before removal, choose version CONTROL
+.TP
+\fB\-\-hard\-dereference\fR
+follow hard links; archive and dump the files they
+refer to
+.TP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-dereference\fR
+follow symlinks; archive and dump the files they
+point to
+.TP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-starting\-file\fR=\fIMEMBER\-NAME\fR
+begin at member MEMBER-NAME when reading the
+archive
+.TP
+\fB\-\-newer\-mtime\fR=\fIDATE\fR
+compare date and time when data changed only
+.TP
+\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-newer\fR=\fIDATE\-OR\-FILE\fR, \fB\-\-after\-date\fR=\fIDATE\-OR\-FILE\fR
+only store files newer than DATE-OR-FILE
+.TP
+\fB\-\-one\-file\-system\fR
+stay in local file system when creating archive
+.TP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-absolute\-names\fR
+don't strip leading '/'s from file names
+.TP
+\fB\-\-suffix\fR=\fISTRING\fR
+backup before removal, override usual suffix ('~'
+unless overridden by environment variable
+SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX)
+.IP
+File name transformations:
+.TP
+\fB\-\-strip\-components\fR=\fINUMBER\fR
+strip NUMBER leading components from file
+names on extraction
+.TP
+\fB\-\-transform\fR=\fIEXPRESSION\fR, \fB\-\-xform\fR=\fIEXPRESSION\fR
+use sed replace EXPRESSION to transform file
+names
+.IP
+Informative output:
+.TP
+\fB\-\-checkpoint\fR[=\fINUMBER\fR]
+display progress messages every NUMBERth record
+(default 10)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-checkpoint\-action\fR=\fIACTION\fR
+execute ACTION on each checkpoint
+.TP
+\fB\-\-full\-time\fR
+print file time to its full resolution
+.TP
+\fB\-\-index\-file\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+send verbose output to FILE
+.TP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-check\-links\fR
+print a message if not all links are dumped
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-quote\-chars\fR=\fISTRING\fR
+disable quoting for characters from STRING
+.TP
+\fB\-\-quote\-chars\fR=\fISTRING\fR
+additionally quote characters from STRING
+.TP
+\fB\-\-quoting\-style\fR=\fISTYLE\fR
+set name quoting style; see below for valid STYLE
+values
+.TP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-block\-number\fR
+show block number within archive with each message
+.TP
+\fB\-\-show\-defaults\fR
+show tar defaults
+.TP
+\fB\-\-show\-omitted\-dirs\fR
+when listing or extracting, list each directory
+that does not match search criteria
+.TP
+\fB\-\-show\-snapshot\-field\-ranges\fR
+show valid ranges for snapshot-file fields
+.TP
+\fB\-\-show\-transformed\-names\fR, \fB\-\-show\-stored\-names\fR
+show file or archive names after transformation
+.TP
+\fB\-\-totals\fR[=\fISIGNAL\fR]
+print total bytes after processing the archive;
+with an argument - print total bytes when this
+SIGNAL is delivered; Allowed signals are: SIGHUP,
+SIGQUIT, SIGINT, SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2; the names
+without SIG prefix are also accepted
+.TP
+\fB\-\-utc\fR
+print file modification times in UTC
+.TP
+\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR
+verbosely list files processed
+.TP
+\fB\-\-warning\fR=\fIKEYWORD\fR
+warning control
+.TP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-interactive\fR, \fB\-\-confirmation\fR
+ask for confirmation for every action
+.IP
+Compatibility options:
+.TP
+\fB\-o\fR
+when creating, same as \fB\-\-old\-archive\fR; when
+extracting, same as \fB\-\-no\-same\-owner\fR
+.IP
+Other options:
+.TP
+-?, \fB\-\-help\fR
+give this help list
+.TP
+\fB\-\-restrict\fR
+disable use of some potentially harmful options
+.TP
+\fB\-\-usage\fR
+give a short usage message
+.TP
+\fB\-\-version\fR
+print program version
+.PP
+Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional
+for any corresponding short options.
+.PP
+The backup suffix is '~', unless set with \fB\-\-suffix\fR or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
+The version control may be set with \fB\-\-backup\fR or VERSION_CONTROL, values are:
+.TP
+none, off
+never make backups
+.TP
+t, numbered
+make numbered backups
+.TP
+nil, existing
+numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
+.TP
+never, simple
+always make simple backups
+.PP
+Valid arguments for the \fB\-\-quoting\-style\fR option are:
+.IP
+literal
+shell
+shell-always
+shell-escape
+shell-escape-always
+c
+c-maybe
+escape
+locale
+clocale
+.PP
+*This* tar defaults to:
+\fB\-\-format\fR=\fIgnu\fR \fB\-f\-\fR \fB\-b20\fR \fB\-\-quoting\-style\fR=\fIescape\fR \fB\-\-rmt\-command=\fR/usr/sbin/rmt
+\fB\-\-rsh\-command=\fR/usr/bin/ssh
+.SH AUTHOR
+Written by John Gilmore and Jay Fenlason.
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Copyright \(co 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
+.br
+This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
+There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+The full documentation for
+.B tar
+is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If the
+.B info
+and
+.B tar
+programs are properly installed at your site, the command
+.IP
+.B info tar
+.PP
+should give you access to the complete manual.