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diff --git a/upstream/opensuse-leap-15-6/man1/perl.1 b/upstream/opensuse-leap-15-6/man1/perl.1 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a6e6a73f --- /dev/null +++ b/upstream/opensuse-leap-15-6/man1/perl.1 @@ -0,0 +1,541 @@ +.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 4.09 (Pod::Simple 3.35) +.\" +.\" Standard preamble: +.\" ======================================================================== +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text +.ft CW +.nf +.ne \\$1 +.. +.de Ve \" End verbatim text +.ft R +.fi +.. +.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will +.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left +.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will +.\" give a nicer C++. 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No user-serviceable parts. +. \" fudge factors for nroff and troff +.if n \{\ +. ds #H 0 +. ds #V .8m +. ds #F .3m +. ds #[ \f1 +. ds #] \fP +.\} +.if t \{\ +. ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m) +. ds #V .6m +. ds #F 0 +. ds #[ \& +. ds #] \& +.\} +. \" simple accents for nroff and troff +.if n \{\ +. ds ' \& +. ds ` \& +. ds ^ \& +. ds , \& +. ds ~ ~ +. ds / +.\} +.if t \{\ +. ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u" +. ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u' +. ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u' +. ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u' +. ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u' +. ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u' +.\} +. \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents +.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V' +.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H' +.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#] +.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H' +.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u' +.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#] +.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#] +.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e +.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E +. \" corrections for vroff +.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u' +.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u' +. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr) +.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \ +\{\ +. ds : e +. ds 8 ss +. ds o a +. ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga +. ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy +. ds th \o'bp' +. ds Th \o'LP' +. ds ae ae +. ds Ae AE +.\} +.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C +.\" ======================================================================== +.\" +.IX Title "PERL 1" +.TH PERL 1 "2023-07-05" "perl v5.26.1" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide" +.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes +.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. +.if n .ad l +.nh +.SH "NAME" +perl \- The Perl 5 language interpreter +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.IX Header "SYNOPSIS" +\&\fBperl\fR [\ \fB\-sTtuUWX\fR\ ] + [\ \fB\-hv\fR\ ]\ [\ \fB\-V\fR[:\fIconfigvar\fR]\ ] + [\ \fB\-cw\fR\ ]\ [\ \fB\-d\fR[\fBt\fR][:\fIdebugger\fR]\ ]\ [\ \fB\-D\fR[\fInumber/list\fR]\ ] + [\ \fB\-pna\fR\ ]\ [\ \fB\-F\fR\fIpattern\fR\ ]\ [\ \fB\-l\fR[\fIoctal\fR]\ ]\ [\ \fB\-0\fR[\fIoctal/hexadecimal\fR]\ ] + [\ \fB\-I\fR\fIdir\fR\ ]\ [\ \fB\-m\fR[\fB\-\fR]\fImodule\fR\ ]\ [\ \fB\-M\fR[\fB\-\fR]\fI'module...'\fR\ ]\ [\ \fB\-f\fR\ ] + [\ \fB\-C\ [\f(BInumber/list\fB]\ \fR] + [\ \fB\-S\fR\ ] + [\ \fB\-x\fR[\fIdir\fR]\ ] + [\ \fB\-i\fR[\fIextension\fR]\ ] + [\ [\fB\-e\fR|\fB\-E\fR]\ \fI'command'\fR\ ]\ [\ \fB\-\-\fR\ ]\ [\ \fIprogramfile\fR\ ]\ [\ \fIargument\fR\ ]... +.PP +For more information on these options, you can run \f(CW\*(C`perldoc perlrun\*(C'\fR. +.SH "GETTING HELP" +.IX Header "GETTING HELP" +The \fIperldoc\fR program gives you access to all the documentation that comes +with Perl. You can get more documentation, tutorials and community support +online at <http://www.perl.org/>. +.PP +If you're new to Perl, you should start by running \f(CW\*(C`perldoc perlintro\*(C'\fR, +which is a general intro for beginners and provides some background to help +you navigate the rest of Perl's extensive documentation. Run \f(CW\*(C`perldoc +perldoc\*(C'\fR to learn more things you can do with \fIperldoc\fR. +.PP +For ease of access, the Perl manual has been split up into several sections. +.SS "Overview" +.IX Subsection "Overview" +.Vb 4 +\& perl Perl overview (this section) +\& perlintro Perl introduction for beginners +\& perlrun Perl execution and options +\& perltoc Perl documentation table of contents +.Ve +.SS "Tutorials" +.IX Subsection "Tutorials" +.Vb 3 +\& perlreftut Perl references short introduction +\& perldsc Perl data structures intro +\& perllol Perl data structures: arrays of arrays +\& +\& perlrequick Perl regular expressions quick start +\& perlretut Perl regular expressions tutorial +\& +\& perlootut Perl OO tutorial for beginners +\& +\& perlperf Perl Performance and Optimization Techniques +\& +\& perlstyle Perl style guide +\& +\& perlcheat Perl cheat sheet +\& perltrap Perl traps for the unwary +\& perldebtut Perl debugging tutorial +\& +\& perlfaq Perl frequently asked questions +\& perlfaq1 General Questions About Perl +\& perlfaq2 Obtaining and Learning about Perl +\& perlfaq3 Programming Tools +\& perlfaq4 Data Manipulation +\& perlfaq5 Files and Formats +\& perlfaq6 Regexes +\& perlfaq7 Perl Language Issues +\& perlfaq8 System Interaction +\& perlfaq9 Networking +.Ve +.SS "Reference Manual" +.IX Subsection "Reference Manual" +.Vb 10 +\& perlsyn Perl syntax +\& perldata Perl data structures +\& perlop Perl operators and precedence +\& perlsub Perl subroutines +\& perlfunc Perl built\-in functions +\& perlopentut Perl open() tutorial +\& perlpacktut Perl pack() and unpack() tutorial +\& perlpod Perl plain old documentation +\& perlpodspec Perl plain old documentation format specification +\& perlpodstyle Perl POD style guide +\& perldiag Perl diagnostic messages +\& perldeprecation Perl deprecations +\& perllexwarn Perl warnings and their control +\& perldebug Perl debugging +\& perlvar Perl predefined variables +\& perlre Perl regular expressions, the rest of the story +\& perlrebackslash Perl regular expression backslash sequences +\& perlrecharclass Perl regular expression character classes +\& perlreref Perl regular expressions quick reference +\& perlref Perl references, the rest of the story +\& perlform Perl formats +\& perlobj Perl objects +\& perltie Perl objects hidden behind simple variables +\& perldbmfilter Perl DBM filters +\& +\& perlipc Perl interprocess communication +\& perlfork Perl fork() information +\& perlnumber Perl number semantics +\& +\& perlthrtut Perl threads tutorial +\& +\& perlport Perl portability guide +\& perllocale Perl locale support +\& perluniintro Perl Unicode introduction +\& perlunicode Perl Unicode support +\& perlunicook Perl Unicode cookbook +\& perlunifaq Perl Unicode FAQ +\& perluniprops Index of Unicode properties in Perl +\& perlunitut Perl Unicode tutorial +\& perlebcdic Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms +\& +\& perlsec Perl security +\& +\& perlmod Perl modules: how they work +\& perlmodlib Perl modules: how to write and use +\& perlmodstyle Perl modules: how to write modules with style +\& perlmodinstall Perl modules: how to install from CPAN +\& perlnewmod Perl modules: preparing a new module for distribution +\& perlpragma Perl modules: writing a user pragma +\& +\& perlutil utilities packaged with the Perl distribution +\& +\& perlfilter Perl source filters +\& +\& perldtrace Perl\*(Aqs support for DTrace +\& +\& perlglossary Perl Glossary +.Ve +.SS "Internals and C Language Interface" +.IX Subsection "Internals and C Language Interface" +.Vb 11 +\& perlembed Perl ways to embed perl in your C or C++ application +\& perldebguts Perl debugging guts and tips +\& perlxstut Perl XS tutorial +\& perlxs Perl XS application programming interface +\& perlxstypemap Perl XS C/Perl type conversion tools +\& perlclib Internal replacements for standard C library functions +\& perlguts Perl internal functions for those doing extensions +\& perlcall Perl calling conventions from C +\& perlmroapi Perl method resolution plugin interface +\& perlreapi Perl regular expression plugin interface +\& perlreguts Perl regular expression engine internals +\& +\& perlapi Perl API listing (autogenerated) +\& perlintern Perl internal functions (autogenerated) +\& perliol C API for Perl\*(Aqs implementation of IO in Layers +\& perlapio Perl internal IO abstraction interface +\& +\& perlhack Perl hackers guide +\& perlsource Guide to the Perl source tree +\& perlinterp Overview of the Perl interpreter source and how it works +\& perlhacktut Walk through the creation of a simple C code patch +\& perlhacktips Tips for Perl core C code hacking +\& perlpolicy Perl development policies +\& perlgit Using git with the Perl repository +.Ve +.SS "Miscellaneous" +.IX Subsection "Miscellaneous" +.Vb 2 +\& perlbook Perl book information +\& perlcommunity Perl community information +\& +\& perldoc Look up Perl documentation in Pod format +\& +\& perlhist Perl history records +\& perldelta Perl changes since previous version +\& perl5260delta Perl changes in version 5.26.0 +\& perl5242delta Perl changes in version 5.24.2 +\& perl5241delta Perl changes in version 5.24.1 +\& perl5240delta Perl changes in version 5.24.0 +\& perl5224delta Perl changes in version 5.22.4 +\& perl5223delta Perl changes in version 5.22.3 +\& perl5222delta Perl changes in version 5.22.2 +\& perl5221delta Perl changes in version 5.22.1 +\& perl5220delta Perl changes in version 5.22.0 +\& perl5203delta Perl changes in version 5.20.3 +\& perl5202delta Perl changes in version 5.20.2 +\& perl5201delta Perl changes in version 5.20.1 +\& perl5200delta Perl changes in version 5.20.0 +\& perl5184delta Perl changes in version 5.18.4 +\& perl5182delta Perl changes in version 5.18.2 +\& perl5181delta Perl changes in version 5.18.1 +\& perl5180delta Perl changes in version 5.18.0 +\& perl5163delta Perl changes in version 5.16.3 +\& perl5162delta Perl changes in version 5.16.2 +\& perl5161delta Perl changes in version 5.16.1 +\& perl5160delta Perl changes in version 5.16.0 +\& perl5144delta Perl changes in version 5.14.4 +\& perl5143delta Perl changes in version 5.14.3 +\& perl5142delta Perl changes in version 5.14.2 +\& perl5141delta Perl changes in version 5.14.1 +\& perl5140delta Perl changes in version 5.14.0 +\& perl5125delta Perl changes in version 5.12.5 +\& perl5124delta Perl changes in version 5.12.4 +\& perl5123delta Perl changes in version 5.12.3 +\& perl5122delta Perl changes in version 5.12.2 +\& perl5121delta Perl changes in version 5.12.1 +\& perl5120delta Perl changes in version 5.12.0 +\& perl5101delta Perl changes in version 5.10.1 +\& perl5100delta Perl changes in version 5.10.0 +\& perl589delta Perl changes in version 5.8.9 +\& perl588delta Perl changes in version 5.8.8 +\& perl587delta Perl changes in version 5.8.7 +\& perl586delta Perl changes in version 5.8.6 +\& perl585delta Perl changes in version 5.8.5 +\& perl584delta Perl changes in version 5.8.4 +\& perl583delta Perl changes in version 5.8.3 +\& perl582delta Perl changes in version 5.8.2 +\& perl581delta Perl changes in version 5.8.1 +\& perl58delta Perl changes in version 5.8.0 +\& perl561delta Perl changes in version 5.6.1 +\& perl56delta Perl changes in version 5.6 +\& perl5005delta Perl changes in version 5.005 +\& perl5004delta Perl changes in version 5.004 +\& +\& perlexperiment A listing of experimental features in Perl +\& +\& perlartistic Perl Artistic License +\& perlgpl GNU General Public License +.Ve +.SS "Language-Specific" +.IX Subsection "Language-Specific" +.Vb 4 +\& perlcn Perl for Simplified Chinese (in EUC\-CN) +\& perljp Perl for Japanese (in EUC\-JP) +\& perlko Perl for Korean (in EUC\-KR) +\& perltw Perl for Traditional Chinese (in Big5) +.Ve +.SS "Platform-Specific" +.IX Subsection "Platform-Specific" +.Vb 10 +\& perlaix Perl notes for AIX +\& perlamiga Perl notes for AmigaOS +\& perlandroid Perl notes for Android +\& perlbs2000 Perl notes for POSIX\-BC BS2000 +\& perlce Perl notes for WinCE +\& perlcygwin Perl notes for Cygwin +\& perldos Perl notes for DOS +\& perlfreebsd Perl notes for FreeBSD +\& perlhaiku Perl notes for Haiku +\& perlhpux Perl notes for HP\-UX +\& perlhurd Perl notes for Hurd +\& perlirix Perl notes for Irix +\& perllinux Perl notes for Linux +\& perlmacos Perl notes for Mac OS (Classic) +\& perlmacosx Perl notes for Mac OS X +\& perlnetware Perl notes for NetWare +\& perlopenbsd Perl notes for OpenBSD +\& perlos2 Perl notes for OS/2 +\& perlos390 Perl notes for OS/390 +\& perlos400 Perl notes for OS/400 +\& perlplan9 Perl notes for Plan 9 +\& perlqnx Perl notes for QNX +\& perlriscos Perl notes for RISC OS +\& perlsolaris Perl notes for Solaris +\& perlsymbian Perl notes for Symbian +\& perlsynology Perl notes for Synology +\& perltru64 Perl notes for Tru64 +\& perlvms Perl notes for VMS +\& perlvos Perl notes for Stratus VOS +\& perlwin32 Perl notes for Windows +.Ve +.SS "Stubs for Deleted Documents" +.IX Subsection "Stubs for Deleted Documents" +.Vb 6 +\& perlboot +\& perlbot +\& perlrepository +\& perltodo +\& perltooc +\& perltoot +.Ve +.PP +On a Unix-like system, these documentation files will usually also be +available as manpages for use with the \fIman\fR program. +.PP +Some documentation is not available as man pages, so if a +cross-reference is not found by man, try it with perldoc. Perldoc can +also take you directly to documentation for functions (with the \fB\-f\fR +switch). See \f(CW\*(C`perldoc \-\-help\*(C'\fR (or \f(CW\*(C`perldoc perldoc\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`man perldoc\*(C'\fR) +for other helpful options perldoc has to offer. +.PP +In general, if something strange has gone wrong with your program and you're +not sure where you should look for help, try making your code comply with +\&\fBuse strict\fR and \fBuse warnings\fR. These will often point out exactly +where the trouble is. +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.IX Header "DESCRIPTION" +Perl officially stands for Practical Extraction and Report Language, +except when it doesn't. +.PP +Perl was originally a language optimized for scanning arbitrary +text files, extracting information from those text files, and printing +reports based on that information. It quickly became a good language +for many system management tasks. Over the years, Perl has grown into +a general-purpose programming language. It's widely used for everything +from quick \*(L"one-liners\*(R" to full-scale application development. +.PP +The language is intended to be practical (easy to use, efficient, +complete) rather than beautiful (tiny, elegant, minimal). It combines +(in the author's opinion, anyway) some of the best features of \fBsed\fR, +\&\fBawk\fR, and \fBsh\fR, making it familiar and easy to use for Unix users to +whip up quick solutions to annoying problems. Its general-purpose +programming facilities support procedural, functional, and +object-oriented programming paradigms, making Perl a comfortable +language for the long haul on major projects, whatever your bent. +.PP +Perl's roots in text processing haven't been forgotten over the years. +It still boasts some of the most powerful regular expressions to be +found anywhere, and its support for Unicode text is world-class. It +handles all kinds of structured text, too, through an extensive +collection of extensions. Those libraries, collected in the \s-1CPAN,\s0 +provide ready-made solutions to an astounding array of problems. When +they haven't set the standard themselves, they steal from the best +\&\*(-- just like Perl itself. +.SH "AVAILABILITY" +.IX Header "AVAILABILITY" +Perl is available for most operating systems, including virtually +all Unix-like platforms. See \*(L"Supported Platforms\*(R" in perlport +for a listing. +.SH "ENVIRONMENT" +.IX Header "ENVIRONMENT" +See perlrun. +.SH "AUTHOR" +.IX Header "AUTHOR" +Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, with the help of oodles of other folks. +.PP +If your Perl success stories and testimonials may be of help to others +who wish to advocate the use of Perl in their applications, +or if you wish to simply express your gratitude to Larry and the +Perl developers, please write to perl\-thanks@perl.org . +.SH "FILES" +.IX Header "FILES" +.Vb 1 +\& "@INC" locations of perl libraries +.Ve +.PP +\&\*(L"@INC\*(R" above is a reference to the built-in variable of the same name; +see perlvar for more information. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.IX Header "SEE ALSO" +.Vb 4 +\& http://www.perl.org/ the Perl homepage +\& http://www.perl.com/ Perl articles (O\*(AqReilly) +\& http://www.cpan.org/ the Comprehensive Perl Archive +\& http://www.pm.org/ the Perl Mongers +.Ve +.SH "DIAGNOSTICS" +.IX Header "DIAGNOSTICS" +Using the \f(CW\*(C`use strict\*(C'\fR pragma ensures that all variables are properly +declared and prevents other misuses of legacy Perl features. +.PP +The \f(CW\*(C`use warnings\*(C'\fR pragma produces some lovely diagnostics. One can +also use the \fB\-w\fR flag, but its use is normally discouraged, because +it gets applied to all executed Perl code, including that not under +your control. +.PP +See perldiag for explanations of all Perl's diagnostics. The \f(CW\*(C`use +diagnostics\*(C'\fR pragma automatically turns Perl's normally terse warnings +and errors into these longer forms. +.PP +Compilation errors will tell you the line number of the error, with an +indication of the next token or token type that was to be examined. +(In a script passed to Perl via \fB\-e\fR switches, each +\&\fB\-e\fR is counted as one line.) +.PP +Setuid scripts have additional constraints that can produce error +messages such as \*(L"Insecure dependency\*(R". See perlsec. +.PP +Did we mention that you should definitely consider using the \fBuse warnings\fR +pragma? +.SH "BUGS" +.IX Header "BUGS" +The behavior implied by the \fBuse warnings\fR pragma is not mandatory. +.PP +Perl is at the mercy of your machine's definitions of various +operations such as type casting, \fIatof()\fR, and floating-point +output with \fIsprintf()\fR. +.PP +If your stdio requires a seek or eof between reads and writes on a +particular stream, so does Perl. (This doesn't apply to \fIsysread()\fR +and \fIsyswrite()\fR.) +.PP +While none of the built-in data types have any arbitrary size limits +(apart from memory size), there are still a few arbitrary limits: a +given variable name may not be longer than 251 characters. Line numbers +displayed by diagnostics are internally stored as short integers, +so they are limited to a maximum of 65535 (higher numbers usually being +affected by wraparound). +.PP +You may mail your bug reports (be sure to include full configuration +information as output by the myconfig program in the perl source +tree, or by \f(CW\*(C`perl \-V\*(C'\fR) to perlbug@perl.org . If you've succeeded +in compiling perl, the perlbug script in the \fIutils/\fR subdirectory +can be used to help mail in a bug report. +.PP +Perl actually stands for Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister, but +don't tell anyone I said that. +.SH "NOTES" +.IX Header "NOTES" +The Perl motto is \*(L"There's more than one way to do it.\*(R" Divining +how many more is left as an exercise to the reader. +.PP +The three principal virtues of a programmer are Laziness, +Impatience, and Hubris. See the Camel Book for why. |