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+.\" This man page was generated by the Netpbm tool 'makeman' from HTML source.
+.\" Do not hand-hack it!  If you have bug fixes or improvements, please find
+.\" the corresponding HTML page on the Netpbm website, generate a patch
+.\" against that, and send it to the Netpbm maintainer.
+.TH "Windows Icons" 1 "12 April 2013" "netpbm documentation"
+
+.UN name
+.SH NAME
+
+Microsoft Windows icon files
+
+.UN description
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+A Microsoft Windows icon file contains one or more images, at
+resolutions up to 256 by 256 pixels and various bpp values.  The
+images are encoded either as Portable Network Graphics file (PNG), or
+in a format similar to Microsoft's BMP format.
+.PP
+If encoded as BMP, the image includes an "AND mask",
+which contains 1-bit transparency data.  It may also contain
+additional 8-bit transparency data together with the color
+information.
+
+
+.UN colordepth
+.SS Color Depth
+
+Except for the 16 bits per pixel images and images with bit fields, which both
+are rare, the colors in all BMP encoded images are RGB with 8 bits per
+channel.  Images with bpp values lower than 16 use a palette.
+.PP
+I.e. the bpp value gives the number of distinct colors, not the color
+depth.
+
+
+.UN masks
+.SS XOR Mask and AND Mask
+.PP
+BMP encoded images contain two pixel maps: The so-called "XOR
+mask" stores the color information for each pixel, and the
+"AND mask" stores the transparency belonging to it.
+.PP
+The names and the function of these maps are most easily
+understood by looking at how a 1-bpp icon image is rendered on a
+monochrome screen: The pixels on the screen are logically AND-ed with
+the bits on the AND mask, then the result is logically XOR-ed with the
+bits on the XOR mask.
+.PP
+The result is that if a bit on the AND mask is reset, the corresponding bit
+on the XOR mask determines the color of the pixel on the screen.  If a bit in
+the AND mask is set and the corresponding bit in the XOR mask is black
+(reset), the image is transparent.  Finally, if the bits are set in both the
+AND and XOR mask (the pixel on the XOR mask is white), the background of the
+screen is inverted.
+.PP
+In color environments, a pixel on the XOR mask outside the opaque area of
+the image is usually black and sometimes white, but a color other than black
+and white will hardly give predictable results.
+.PP
+Since Windows XP, there may also be an 8-bit transparency channel in 32-bpp
+BMP encoded icon images. The AND mask, however, is still required and used
+e.g. for generating shadows.
+.PP
+PNG encoded images don't contain AND masks.  While rendering a PNG encoded
+image, Windows constructs an AND mask on the fly from the transparency
+channel, if present.
+
+
+.UN evolution
+.SS Evolution of Windows Icons
+.PP
+The Windows icon file format has undergone some extensions since it was
+invented in the mid-eighties for Windows\ 1:
+
+
+.IP \(bu
+Windows\ 1 used monochrome 32x32 icons only.
+.IP \(bu
+Windows\ 3.0 added color icons with bpp values up to 8.
+.IP \(bu
+Windows 4.0 (a.k.a. Windows95) added support for 32-bpp images and
+resolutions up to 256 by 256.
+.IP \(bu
+NT\ 5.1 (a.k.a. Windows\ XP) added support for the 8-bit
+transparency channel in the unused bits of 32-bpp images.
+.IP \(bu
+NT\ 6.0 (a.k.a. Windows\ Vista) added support for PNG
+encoded images
+
+
+.UN resolutions
+.SS Common Resolutions and BPP Values
+.PP
+Typical resolutions and bpp values of the Windows shell icons include:
+
+.TS
+l l l.
+_
+OS	resolutions	bpp values
+Windows\ 3	32x32	1, 4
+
+Windows\ 4	16x16, 32x32, 48x48	4, 8
+NT\ 5	16x16, 32x32, 48x48	4, 8, 32
+<TD rowspan=3>NT\ 6	16x16, 32x32, 48x48	4, 8, 32
+24x24, 96x96	8, 32
+
+256x256	32 (PNG encoded)
+
+.TE
+.PP
+Within the icon file, the images with low bpp values are usually
+stored first.  With the same bpp value, the images are sorted by
+resolution, large images first.
+
+
+.UN mimetype
+.SS MIME Type and File Name Extension
+.PP
+The MIME type of Windows icon files is registered by IANA as
+\fBimage/vnd.microsoft.icon\fP, but the unofficial name
+\fBimage/x-icon\fP is still widely used.
+.PP
+The file name extension (used by Microsoft operating systems as
+file type identifier) is \fB.ico\fP.
+.SH DOCUMENT SOURCE
+This manual page was generated by the Netpbm tool 'makeman' from HTML
+source.  The master documentation is at
+.IP
+.B http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/winicon.html
+.PP
+\ No newline at end of file