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+.\"***************************************************************************
+.\" Copyright (c) 1998-2016,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
+.\" *
+.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
+.\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the *
+.\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including *
+.\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, *
+.\" distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell *
+.\" copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is *
+.\" furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: *
+.\" *
+.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included *
+.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. *
+.\" *
+.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS *
+.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF *
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. *
+.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, *
+.\" DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR *
+.\" OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR *
+.\" THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. *
+.\" *
+.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright *
+.\" holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the *
+.\" sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written *
+.\" authorization. *
+.\"***************************************************************************
+.\"
+.\" $Id: curs_kernel.3x,v 1.23 2017/11/18 23:47:37 tom Exp $
+.de bP
+.ie n .IP \(bu 4
+.el .IP \(bu 2
+..
+.TH kernel 3NCURSES ""
+.na
+.hy 0
+.SH NAME
+\fBdef_prog_mode\fR,
+\fBdef_shell_mode\fR,
+\fBreset_prog_mode\fR,
+\fBreset_shell_mode\fR,
+\fBresetty\fR,
+\fBsavetty\fR,
+\fBgetsyx\fR,
+\fBsetsyx\fR,
+\fBripoffline\fR,
+\fBcurs_set\fR,
+\fBnapms\fR \- low-level \fBcurses\fR routines
+.ad
+.hy
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+\fB#include <ncursesw/curses.h>\fR
+.sp
+\fBint def_prog_mode(void);\fR
+.br
+\fBint def_shell_mode(void);\fR
+.br
+\fBint reset_prog_mode(void);\fR
+.br
+\fBint reset_shell_mode(void);\fR
+.br
+\fBint resetty(void);\fR
+.br
+\fBint savetty(void);\fR
+.br
+\fBvoid getsyx(int \fP\fIy\fP\fB, int \fP\fIx\fP\fB);\fR
+.br
+\fBvoid setsyx(int \fP\fIy\fP\fB, int \fP\fIx\fP\fB);\fR
+.br
+\fBint ripoffline(int \fP\fIline\fP\fB, int (*\fP\fIinit\fP\fB)(WINDOW *, int));\fR
+.br
+\fBint curs_set(int \fP\fIvisibility\fP\fB);\fR
+.br
+\fBint napms(int \fP\fIms\fP\fB);\fR
+.br
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The following routines give low-level access to various \fBcurses\fR
+capabilities. These routines typically are used inside library
+routines.
+.SS def_prog_mode, def_shell_mode
+.PP
+The \fBdef_prog_mode\fR and \fBdef_shell_mode\fR routines save the
+current terminal modes as the "program" (in \fBcurses\fR) or "shell"
+(not in \fBcurses\fR) state for use by the \fBreset_prog_mode\fR and
+\fBreset_shell_mode\fR routines. This is done automatically by
+\fBinitscr\fR. There is one such save area for each screen context
+allocated by \fBnewterm\fR.
+.SS reset_prog_mode, reset_shell_mode
+.PP
+The \fBreset_prog_mode\fR and \fBreset_shell_mode\fR routines restore
+the terminal to "program" (in \fBcurses\fR) or "shell" (out of
+\fBcurses\fR) state. These are done automatically by \fBendwin\fR(3X)
+and, after an \fBendwin\fR, by \fBdoupdate\fR, so they normally are
+not called.
+.SS resetty, savetty
+.PP
+The \fBresetty\fR and \fBsavetty\fR routines save and restore the
+state of the terminal modes. \fBsavetty\fR saves the current state in
+a buffer and \fBresetty\fR restores the state to what it was at the
+last call to \fBsavetty\fR.
+.SS getsyx
+.PP
+The \fBgetsyx\fR routine returns the current coordinates of the virtual screen
+cursor in \fIy\fR and \fIx\fR. If \fBleaveok\fR is currently \fBTRUE\fR, then
+\fB\-1\fR,\fB\-1\fR is returned. If lines have been removed from the top of the
+screen, using \fBripoffline\fR, \fIy\fR and \fIx\fR include these lines;
+therefore, \fIy\fR and \fIx\fR should be used only as arguments for
+\fBsetsyx\fR.
+.SS setsyx
+.PP
+The \fBsetsyx\fR routine sets the virtual screen cursor to
+\fIy\fR, \fIx\fR. If \fIy\fR and \fIx\fR are both \fB\-1\fR, then
+\fBleaveok\fR is set. The two routines \fBgetsyx\fR and \fBsetsyx\fR
+are designed to be used by a library routine, which manipulates
+\fBcurses\fR windows but does not want to change the current position
+of the program's cursor. The library routine would call \fBgetsyx\fR
+at the beginning, do its manipulation of its own windows, do a
+\fBwnoutrefresh\fR on its windows, call \fBsetsyx\fR, and then call
+\fBdoupdate\fR.
+.SS ripoffline
+.PP
+The \fBripoffline\fR routine provides access to the same facility that
+\fBslk_init\fR [see \fBslk\fR(3NCURSES)] uses to reduce the size of the
+screen. \fBripoffline\fR must be called before \fBinitscr\fR or
+\fBnewterm\fR is called, to prepare these initial actions:
+.bP
+If \fIline\fR is positive, a line is removed from the top of \fBstdscr\fR.
+.bP
+if \fIline\fR is negative, a line is removed from the bottom.
+.PP
+When the resulting initialization is done inside \fBinitscr\fR, the
+routine \fBinit\fR (supplied by the user) is called with two
+arguments:
+.bP
+a window pointer to the one-line window that has been
+allocated and
+.bP
+an integer with the number of columns in the window.
+.PP
+Inside this initialization routine, the integer variables \fBLINES\fR
+and \fBCOLS\fR (defined in \fB<curses.h>\fR) are not guaranteed to be
+accurate and \fBwrefresh\fR or \fBdoupdate\fR must not be called. It
+is allowable to call \fBwnoutrefresh\fR during the initialization
+routine.
+.PP
+\fBripoffline\fR can be called up to five times before calling \fBinitscr\fR or
+\fBnewterm\fR.
+.SS curs_set
+.PP
+The \fBcurs_set\fR routine sets the cursor state to invisible,
+normal, or very visible for \fBvisibility\fR equal to \fB0\fR,
+\fB1\fR, or \fB2\fR respectively. If the terminal supports the
+\fIvisibility\fR requested, the previous \fIcursor\fR state is
+returned; otherwise, \fBERR\fR is returned.
+.SS napms
+.PP
+The \fBnapms\fR routine is used to sleep for \fIms\fR milliseconds.
+.SH RETURN VALUE
+Except for \fBcurs_set\fR, these routines always return \fBOK\fR.
+.PP
+\fBcurs_set\fR
+returns the previous cursor state, or \fBERR\fR if the
+requested \fIvisibility\fR is not supported.
+.PP
+X/Open defines no error conditions.
+In this implementation
+.TP 5
+.na
+.hy 0
+\fBdef_prog_mode\fR, \fBdef_shell_mode\fR, \fBreset_prog_mode\fR, \fBreset_shell_mode\fR
+.hy
+.ad
+return an error
+if the terminal was not initialized, or
+if the I/O call to obtain the terminal settings fails.
+.TP 5
+\fBripoffline\fP
+returns an error if the maximum number of ripped-off lines
+exceeds the maximum (NRIPS = 5).
+.SH NOTES
+Note that \fBgetsyx\fR is a macro, so \fB&\fR is not necessary before
+the variables \fIy\fR and \fIx\fR.
+.PP
+Older SVr4 man pages warn that the return value of \fBcurs_set\fR "is currently
+incorrect". This implementation gets it right, but it may be unwise to count
+on the correctness of the return value anywhere else.
+.PP
+Both ncurses and SVr4 will call \fBcurs_set\fR in \fBendwin\fR
+if \fBcurs_set\fR
+has been called to make the cursor other than normal, i.e., either
+invisible or very visible.
+There is no way for ncurses to determine the initial cursor state to
+restore that.
+.SH PORTABILITY
+The functions \fBsetsyx\fR and \fBgetsyx\fR are not described in the XSI
+Curses standard, Issue 4. All other functions are as described in XSI Curses.
+.PP
+The SVr4 documentation describes \fBsetsyx\fR and \fBgetsyx\fR as having return
+type int. This is misleading, as they are macros with no documented semantics
+for the return value.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+\fBncurses\fR(3NCURSES),
+\fBinitscr\fR(3NCURSES),
+\fBoutopts\fR(3NCURSES),
+\fBrefresh\fR(3NCURSES),
+\fBscr_dump\fR(3NCURSES),
+\fBslk\fR(3NCURSES),
+\fBcurses_variables\fR(3NCURSES).