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+\
+.\" This man page was generated by the Netpbm tool 'makeman' from HTML source.
+.\" Do not hand-hack it! If you have bug fixes or improvements, please find
+.\" the corresponding HTML page on the Netpbm website, generate a patch
+.\" against that, and send it to the Netpbm maintainer.
+.TH "Pamaddnoise User Manual" 0 "21 August 2023" "netpbm documentation"
+
+.SH NAME
+
+pamaddnoise - add noise to a Netpbm image
+
+.UN synopsis
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+
+\fBpamaddnoise\fP
+{
+[\fB-type\fP \fBgaussian\fP]
+
+[\fB-sigma1\fP \fIvalue\fP]
+
+[\fB-sigma2\fP \fIvalue\fP]
+|
+\fB-type \fP \fBmultiplicative_gaussian\fP
+
+[\fB-mgsigma\fP \fIvalue\fP]
+|
+\fB-type\fP \fBimpulse\fP
+
+[\fB-tolerance\fP \fIratio\fP]
+|
+\fB-type \fP \fBlaplacian\fP
+
+[\fB-lsigma\fP \fIvalue\fP]
+|
+\fB-type \fP \fBpoisson\fP
+
+[\fB-lambda\fP \fIvalue\fP]
+}
+[\fB-seed\fP \fIint\fP]
+
+[\fInetpbmfile\fP]
+
+.UN description
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+This program is part of
+.BR "Netpbm" (1)\c
+\&.
+.PP
+\fBpamaddnoise\fP adds the specified noise type to a Netpbm image.
+\fBpamaddnoise\fP treats a PPM image as 3 independent planes, not as
+a plane of colors in a color space.
+
+.UN options
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+In addition to the options common to all programs based on libnetpbm
+(most notably \fB-quiet\fP, see
+.UR index.html#commonoptions
+ Common Options
+.UE
+\&), \fBpamaddnoise\fP recognizes the following
+command line options:
+
+
+.TP
+\fB-type\fP \fInoise_type\fP
+Select type of noise by name. The following noise types are
+available: gaussian, multiplicative_gaussian, impulse, laplacian,
+poisson. Only enough letters to be unique are required for the noise
+type option. The default noise type is \fBgaussian\fP.
+
+
+.TP
+\fBgaussian\fP
+
+To each sample value is added the value of a two Gaussian random variables.
+ The variance of one is independent of the sample value, while the variance
+ of the other is proportional to the sample value. You control these
+ variances with options \fB-sigma1\fP and \fB-sigma2\fP (and can eliminate
+ either by setting the variance to 0). The mean of the Gaussian
+ distributions is 0.
+
+.TP
+\fBmultiplicative_gaussian\fP
+.TP
+\fBimpulse\fP
+
+This is 'salt and pepper' noise. Samples are changed randomly
+ to zero or full brightness or left alone. This is also know as salt and
+ pepper noise, as in a grayscale picture, it adds white pixels and black
+ pixels, which look like salt and pepper, respectively. Control this with
+ options \fB-tolerance\fP and \fB-salt\fP.
+
+.TP
+\fBlaplacian\fP
+
+.TP
+\fBpoisson\fP
+
+
+.TP
+\fB-lambda\fP \fIvalue\fP
+This is valid only with \fB-type=poisson\fP. It is the expected value
+of the Poisson distribution for a sample value of maximum intensity. The
+expected value for other intensities is proportional; e.g. for half intensity,
+it is half this value.
+.sp
+The default value is 12.
+
+.TP
+\fB-lsigma\fP \fIvalue\fP
+This is meaningful only for laplacian noise.
+.sp
+The default value is 10.0.
+
+.TP
+\fB-mgsigma\fP \fIvalue\fP
+This is valid only for multiplicative gaussian noise.
+.sp
+The default value is 0.5.
+
+.TP
+\fB-seed\fP \fIint\fP
+This is the random number generator seed value. Use this to get
+ repeatable results.
+
+.TP
+\fB-sigma1\fP \fIvalue\fP
+This is valid only for gaussian noise. It is the standard deviation
+ of the Gaussian random variable that is multiplied by the square root of
+ each sample value and added to that sample value.
+.sp
+ The default value is 4.0.
+
+.TP
+\fB-sigma2\fP \fIvalue\fP
+This is valid only for gaussian noise.
+ It is the standard deviation of the Gaussian random variable that is
+ added directly to each sample value.
+.sp
+The default value is 20.0.
+
+.TP
+\fB-tolerance\fP \fIfraction\fP
+This is valid only for impulse noise.
+ \fIfraction\fP is the fraction of samples that are changed
+ in the output. Whether each is changed to salt or pepper is controlled by
+ \fB-salt\fP.
+.sp
+The default value is 0.10.
+
+.TP
+\fB-salt=\fIfraction\fP\fP
+
+This is valid only for impulse noise. \fIfraction\fP is the
+ fraction of the pixels that are changed that are changed to salt (maxval);
+ the rest are changed to pepper (0).
+.sp
+The default is 0.5 (half salt, half pepper).
+.sp
+This option was new in Netpbm 11.04 (September 2023). Before that, the
+ noise is always half salt and half pepper.
+
+
+
+.UN references
+.SH REFERENCES
+
+
+.IP \(bu
+"Adaptive Image Restoration in Signal-Dependent Noise"
+by R. Kasturi Institute for Electronic Science, Texas Tech University,
+1982
+
+.IP \(bu
+"Digital Image Processing Algorithms" by Ioannis Pitas,
+Prentice Hall, 1993 ISBN 0-13-145814-0
+
+
+
+.UN seealso
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR "pgmnoise" (1)\c
+\&,
+.BR "pgmmedian" (1)\c
+\&,
+.BR "pnm" (5)\c
+\&,
+.BR "pam" (5)\c
+\&,
+
+.UN history
+.SH HISTORY
+.PP
+\fBpamaddnoise\fP was added to Netpbm in Version 10.29 (August 2005).
+It had been distributed by Mike Burns via his own web site before that
+(and continued to be so).
+.PP
+Burns' version, and the one in Netpbm 10.29, was called \fBpnmaddnoise\fP
+and worked only on PNM images. In Netpbm 10.30, it was converted to handle
+PAM images and renamed to \fBpamaddnoise\fP.
+
+.UN author
+.SH AUTHOR
+
+Copyright (C) 1995 by Mike Burns <\fIburns@cac.psu.edu\fP>
+.SH DOCUMENT SOURCE
+This manual page was generated by the Netpbm tool 'makeman' from HTML
+source. The master documentation is at
+.IP
+.B http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/pamaddnoise.html
+.PP \ No newline at end of file