# Spanish translation of manpages # This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package. # Copyright © of this file: # Juan Piernas , 1998-1999. msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: manpages-l10n\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-01 17:05+0100\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 1999-06-26 19:53+0200\n" "Last-Translator: Juan Piernas \n" "Language-Team: Spanish \n" "Language: es\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n" "X-Generator: Lokalize 20.04.1\n" #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "I" msgid "random" msgstr "I" #. type: TH #: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #, no-wrap msgid "2023-10-31" msgstr "31 Octubre 2023" #. type: TH #: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06" msgstr "Páginas de manual de Linux 6.06" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "NAME" msgstr "NOMBRE" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "random, urandom - kernel random number source devices" msgstr "" "random, urandom - dispositivos de la fuente de números aleatorios del núcleo" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "SYNOPSIS" msgstr "SINOPSIS" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "#include Elinux/random.hE" msgid "#include Elinux/random.hE\n" msgstr "#include Elinux/random.hE" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "BIB<, RND>IB<, >IB<);>" msgid "BIB<, RND>IB<, >IB<);>\n" msgstr "BIB<, RND>IB<, >IB<);>" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "DESCRIPTION" msgstr "DESCRIPCIÓN" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The character special files I and I (present " "since Linux 1.3.30) provide an interface to the kernel's random number " "generator. The file I has major device number 1 and minor " "device number 8. The file I has major device number 1 and " "minor device number 9." msgstr "" "Los ficheros especiales de caracteres I y I " "(presente desde la versión 1.3.30 de Linux) proporcionan una interfaz con el " "generador de números aleatorios del núcleo. El fichero I tiene " "1 como número major de dispositivo y 8 como número menor de dispositivo. El " "fichero I tiene 1 como número major de dispositivo y 9 como " "número menor de dispositivo." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The random number generator gathers environmental noise from device drivers " "and other sources into an entropy pool. The generator also keeps an " "estimate of the number of bits of noise in the entropy pool. From this " "entropy pool, random numbers are created." msgstr "" "El generador de números aleatorios recoge el ruido ambiental procedente de " "los manejadores de dispositivo y otras fuentes y lo guarda en un \"almacen " "de entropía\". El generador también mantiene una estimación del número de " "bits de ruído en el almacen de entropía. Los números aleatorios se crean a " "partir de este almacen." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Linux 3.17 and later provides the simpler and safer B(2) " "interface which requires no special files; see the B(2) manual " "page for details." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "When read, the I device returns random bytes using a " "pseudorandom number generator seeded from the entropy pool. Reads from this " "device do not block (i.e., the CPU is not yielded), but can incur an " "appreciable delay when requesting large amounts of data." msgstr "" #. This is a real problem; see #. commit 9b4d008787f864f17d008c9c15bbe8a0f7e2fc24 #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "When read during early boot time, I may return data prior to " "the entropy pool being initialized. If this is of concern in your " "application, use B(2) or I instead." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The I device is a legacy interface which dates back to a time " "where the cryptographic primitives used in the implementation of I were not widely trusted. It will return random bytes only within " "the estimated number of bits of fresh noise in the entropy pool, blocking if " "necessary. I is suitable for applications that need high " "quality randomness, and can afford indeterminate delays." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "When the entropy pool is empty, reads from I will block until " "additional environmental noise is gathered. Since Linux 5.6, the " "B flag is ignored as I will no longer block except " "during early boot process. In earlier versions, if B(2) is called " "for I with the B flag, a subsequent B(2) " "will not block if the requested number of bytes is not available. Instead, " "the available bytes are returned. If no byte is available, B(2) will " "return -1 and I will be set to B." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The B flag has no effect when opening I. When " "calling B(2) for the device I, reads of up to 256 bytes " "will return as many bytes as are requested and will not be interrupted by a " "signal handler. Reads with a buffer over this limit may return less than " "the requested number of bytes or fail with the error B, if " "interrupted by a signal handler." msgstr "" #. commit 79a8468747c5f95ed3d5ce8376a3e82e0c5857fc #. SEC_XFER_SIZE in drivers/char/random.c #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Since Linux 3.16, a B(2) from I will return at most " "32\\ MB. A B(2) from I will return at most 512 bytes " "(340 bytes before Linux 2.6.12)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Writing to I or I will update the entropy pool " "with the data written, but this will not result in a higher entropy count. " "This means that it will impact the contents read from both files, but it " "will not make reads from I faster." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Usage" msgstr "Modo de empleo" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The I interface is considered a legacy interface, and I is preferred and sufficient in all use cases, with the exception of " "applications which require randomness during early boot time; for these " "applications, B(2) must be used instead, because it will block " "until the entropy pool is initialized." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If a seed file is saved across reboots as recommended below, the output is " "cryptographically secure against attackers without local root access as soon " "as it is reloaded in the boot sequence, and perfectly adequate for network " "encryption session keys. (All major Linux distributions have saved the seed " "file across reboots since 2000 at least.) Since reads from I " "may block, users will usually want to open it in nonblocking mode (or " "perform a read with timeout), and provide some sort of user notification if " "the desired entropy is not immediately available." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Configuration" msgstr "Configuración" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If your system does not have I and I created " "already, they can be created with the following commands:" msgstr "" "Si en su sistema no existen todavía I y I, puede " "crearlos con las siguientes órdenes:" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "" "mknod -m 666 /dev/random c 1 8\n" "mknod -m 666 /dev/urandom c 1 9\n" "chown root:root /dev/random /dev/urandom\n" msgstr "" "mknod -m 666 /dev/random c 1 8\n" "mknod -m 666 /dev/urandom c 1 9\n" "chown root:root /dev/random /dev/urandom\n" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "When a Linux system starts up without much operator interaction, the entropy " "pool may be in a fairly predictable state. This reduces the actual amount " "of noise in the entropy pool below the estimate. In order to counteract " "this effect, it helps to carry entropy pool information across shut-downs " "and start-ups. To do this, add the lines to an appropriate script which is " "run during the Linux system start-up sequence:" msgstr "" "Cuando un sistema Linux arranca sin mucha interación del operador, el " "almacen de entropía puede estar en un estado bastante predecible. Esto " "reduce la cantidad actual de ruido en el almacen de entropía por debajo de " "lo recomendado. Para contrarestar este efecto, podemos conservar la " "información del almacen de entropía entre las paradas y arranques del " "sistema. Para hacer esto, añada las líneas a un guión shell adecuado que se " "ejecute durante la secuencia de arranque del sistema Linux:" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "" "echo \"Initializing random number generator...\"\n" "random_seed=/var/run/random-seed\n" "# Carry a random seed from start-up to start-up\n" "# Load and then save the whole entropy pool\n" "if [ -f $random_seed ]; then\n" " cat $random_seed E/dev/urandom\n" "else\n" " touch $random_seed\n" "fi\n" "chmod 600 $random_seed\n" "poolfile=/proc/sys/kernel/random/poolsize\n" "[ -r $poolfile ] && bits=$(cat $poolfile) || bits=4096\n" "bytes=$(expr $bits / 8)\n" "dd if=/dev/urandom of=$random_seed count=1 bs=$bytes\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Also, add the following lines in an appropriate script which is run during " "the Linux system shutdown:" msgstr "" "También, añada las siguientes líneas a un guión shell apropiado que se " "ejecute durante la parada del sistema Linux:" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Carry a random seed from shut-down to start-up\n" "# Save the whole entropy pool\n" "echo \"Saving random seed...\"\n" "random_seed=/var/run/random-seed\n" "touch $random_seed\n" "chmod 600 $random_seed\n" "poolfile=/proc/sys/kernel/random/poolsize\n" "[ -r $poolfile ] && bits=$(cat $poolfile) || bits=4096\n" "bytes=$(expr $bits / 8)\n" "dd if=/dev/urandom of=$random_seed count=1 bs=$bytes\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "In the above examples, we assume Linux 2.6.0 or later, where I returns the size of the entropy pool in bits (see " "below)." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "/proc interfaces" msgstr "Interfaces /proc" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The files in the directory I (present since Linux " "2.3.16) provide additional information about the I device:" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "I" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This read-only file gives the available entropy, in bits. This will be a " "number in the range 0 to 4096." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "I" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This file gives the size of the entropy pool. The semantics of this file " "vary across kernel versions:" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Linux 2.4:" msgstr "Linux 2.4:" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This file gives the size of the entropy pool in I. Normally, this " "file will have the value 512, but it is writable, and can be changed to any " "value for which an algorithm is available. The choices are 32, 64, 128, " "256, 512, 1024, or 2048." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Linux 2.6 and later:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This file is read-only, and gives the size of the entropy pool in I. " "It contains the value 4096." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "I" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This file contains the number of bits of entropy required for waking up " "processes that sleep waiting for entropy from I. The default " "is 64." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "I" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This file contains the number of bits of entropy below which we wake up " "processes that do a B