# Spanish translation of manpages # This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package. # Copyright © of this file: # Gerardo Aburruzaga García , 1998. # Juan Piernas , 1998, 2000, 2005. # Miguel Pérez Ibars , 2005. # Marcos Fouces , 2021-2024. msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: manpages-l10n\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-06-01 05:44+0200\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2024-06-02 19:48+0200\n" "Last-Translator: Marcos Fouces \n" "Language-Team: Spanish \n" "Language: es\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n" #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "charsets" msgstr "charsets" #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "2024-05-02" msgstr "2 Mayo 2024" #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-unstable #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.8" msgstr "Páginas de Manual de Linux 6.8" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "NAME" msgstr "NOMBRE" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "charsets - character set standards and internationalization" msgstr "" "charsets - internacionalización y estándares de conjuntos de caracteres" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "DESCRIPTION" msgstr "DESCRIPCIÓN" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This manual page gives an overview on different character set standards and " "how they were used on Linux before Unicode became ubiquitous. Some of this " "information is still helpful for people working with legacy systems and " "documents." msgstr "" "Esta página de manual proporciona un breve repaso a los distintos estándares " "de codificación de caracteres y el modo en que se emplearon en Linux antes " "de que Unicode los reemplazase a todos. Alguna de esta información continúa " "siendo útil para las personas que trabajen con equipo o documentación " "antiguos." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Standards discussed include such as ASCII, GB 2312, ISO/IEC\\ 8859, JIS, " "KOI8-R, KS, and Unicode." msgstr "" "Los estándares que se comentan son: ASCII, GB 2312, ISO/IEC\\ 8859, JIS, " "KOI8-R, KS, y Unicode." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The primary emphasis is on character sets that were actually used by locale " "character sets, not the myriad others that could be found in data from other " "systems." msgstr "" "Se enfatiza principalmente en las codificaciones que se pueden encontrar " "actualmente en las distintas localizaciones en lugar de en la miríada de " "ellas que pueden encontrarse en otros sistemas." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ASCII" msgstr "ASCII" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "ASCII (American Standard Code For Information Interchange) is the original 7-" "bit character set, originally designed for American English. Also known as " "US-ASCII. It is currently described by the ISO/IEC\\ 646:1991 IRV " "(International Reference Version) standard." msgstr "" "ASCII (American Standard Code For Information Interchange) es el conjunto " "original de caracteres de 7 bits, originalmente diseñado para el inglés " "americano, también conocido como US-ASCII. Actualmente se define en la norma " "la ISO/IEC\\ 646:1991 IRV (International Reference Version)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Various ASCII variants replacing the dollar sign with other currency symbols " "and replacing punctuation with non-English alphabetic characters to cover " "German, French, Spanish, and others in 7 bits emerged. All are deprecated; " "glibc does not support locales whose character sets are not true supersets " "of ASCII." msgstr "" "Existen diversas variantes del ASCII de 7 bits que reemplazan el signo del " "dolar por otros símbolos monetarios y caracteres de puntuación con " "caracteres alfabéticos no ingleses para cubrir el alemán, frances, español y " "otros. No se recomienda usar ningún de ellos; la libc de GNU no soporta " "localizaciones cuyos conjuntos de caracteres no sean verdaderos " "superconjuntos del ASCII." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "As Unicode, when using UTF-8, is ASCII-compatible, plain ASCII text still " "renders properly on modern UTF-8 using systems." msgstr "" "Si se usa UTF-8, Unicode es compatible con ASCII por lo que el antiguo ASCII " "se verá perfectamente en sistemas modernos que utilicen UTF-8." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "ISO/IEC\\ 8859 is a series of 15 8-bit character sets, all of which have " "ASCII in their low (7-bit) half, invisible control characters in positions " "128 to 159, and 96 fixed-width graphics in positions 160\\[en]255." msgstr "" "ISO/IEC\\ 8859 es una serie de 15 conjuntos de caracteres de 8 bits, todos " "los ellos formados por ASCII en su inferior (7 bits), caracteres invisibles " "de control en las posiciones 128 a 159, y 96 gráficos de ancho fijo en " "posiciones 160\\[en]255." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Of these, the most important is ISO/IEC\\ 8859-1 (\"Latin Alphabet No. 1\" / " "Latin-1). It was widely adopted and supported by different systems, and is " "gradually being replaced with Unicode. The ISO/IEC\\ 8859-1 characters are " "also the first 256 characters of Unicode." msgstr "" "De estos, el más importante es ISO/IEC\\ 8859-1 'Alfabeto Latino No. 1' / " "Latin-1). Gozó de un amplísimo grado de soporte por diferentes sistemas " "pero en la actualidad está siendo sustituido gradualmente por Unicode. Los " "caracteres de ISO/IEC\\ 8859-1 son también los primeros 256 caracteres de " "Unicode." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Console support for the other ISO/IEC\\ 8859 character sets is available " "under Linux through user-mode utilities (such as B(8)) that modify " "keyboard bindings and the EGA graphics table and employ the \"user mapping\" " "font table in the console driver." msgstr "" "El soporte de la consola para los otros conjuntos de caracteres ISO/IEC\\ " "8859 está disponible en Linux en varias utilidades (como B(8)) que " "modifican las relaciones entre el teclado y la tabla gráfica EGA y emplean " "la tabla de fuentes 'user mapping' en el driver de la consola." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Here are brief descriptions of each character set:" msgstr "Aquí se presentan breves descripciones de cada conjunto:" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-1 (Latin-1)" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-1 (Latin-1)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Latin-1 covers many European languages such as Albanian, Basque, Danish, " "English, Faroese, Galician, Icelandic, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, " "Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish. The lack of the ligatures Dutch IJ/ij, " "French œ, and „German“ quotation marks was considered tolerable." msgstr "" "Latin-1 cubre la mayoría de lenguajes de Europa Occidental como el albanés, " "vasco, danés, inglés, feroés, gallego, islandés, irlandés, italiano, " "noruego, portugués, español y sueco. La falta de las ligaduras neerlandesas " "IJ/ij, de la francesa œ y de las antiguas comillas alemanas „“ se consideraba " "aceptable." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-2 (Latin-2)" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-2 (Latin-2)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Latin-2 supports many Latin-written Central and East European languages such " "as Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, German, Hungarian, Polish, Slovak, and " "Slovene. Replacing Romanian ș/ț with ş/ţ was considered tolerable." msgstr "" "Latin-2 es el soporte para la mayoría de las lenguas eslavas y de Centro-" "Europa que se escriben con caracteres latinos: checo, alemán, húngaro, " "polaco, rumano, croata, eslovaco y esloveno. Se consideraba aceptable tener " "que sustituir los caracteres rumanos ș/ț con ş/ţ." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-3 (Latin-3)" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-3 (Latin-3)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Latin-3 was designed to cover of Esperanto, Maltese, and Turkish, but ISO/" "IEC\\ 8859-9 later superseded it for Turkish." msgstr "" "El latín-3 fue diseñado para gestionar el esperanto, maltés y turco, pero " "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-9 fue empleado con posterioridad para el turco." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-4 (Latin-4)" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-4 (Latin-4)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Latin-4 introduced letters for North European languages such as Estonian, " "Latvian, and Lithuanian, but was superseded by ISO/IEC\\ 8859-10 and ISO/" "IEC\\ 8859-13." msgstr "" "El latín-4 incoroporó letras para lenguas del norte de Europa como el " "estoniano, el letón y el lituano. Poseriormente sustituido por ISO/IEC\\ " "8859-10 e ISO/IEC\\ 8859-13." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-5" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-5" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Cyrillic letters supporting Bulgarian, Byelorussian, Macedonian, Russian, " "Serbian, and (almost completely) Ukrainian. It was never widely used, see " "the discussion of KOI8-R/KOI8-U below." msgstr "" "Letras cirílicas para el búlgaro, bielorruso, macedonio, ruso, serbio y " "(casi por completo) ucraniano. Nunca tuvo un amplio uso. Vea la discusión " "sobre el KOI8-R/KOI8-U más adelante." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-6" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-6" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Was created for Arabic. The ISO/IEC\\ 8859-6 glyph table is a fixed font of " "separate letter forms, but a proper display engine should combine these " "using the proper initial, medial, and final forms." msgstr "" "Fue creado para el árabe. La tabla de glifos ISO/IEC\\ 8859-6 es un tipo de " "letra fijo de formas de letra separadas, pero un visor adecuado debería " "combinarlas usando las formas inicial, medial y final adecuadas." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-7" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-7" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Was created for Modern Greek in 1987, updated in 2003." msgstr "" "Fue creado para el griego actual en 1987 y posteriormente actualizado en el " "año 2003." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-8" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-8" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Supports Modern Hebrew without niqud (punctuation signs). Niqud and full-" "fledged Biblical Hebrew were outside the scope of this character set." msgstr "" "Para el hebreo moderno sin 'niqud' (signos de puntuación). Los 'niqud' y el " "hebreo bíblico 'oficial' se encuentran fuera del ámbito de este conjunto de " "caracteres; en Linux se prefiere la codificación UTF-8 para esto." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-9 (Latin-5)" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-9 (Latin-5)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This is a variant of Latin-1 that replaces Icelandic letters with Turkish " "ones." msgstr "" "Ésta es una variante del Latin-1 que reemplaza letras islandesas con otras " "turcas." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-10 (Latin-6)" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-10 (Latin-6)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Latin-6 added the Inuit (Greenlandic) and Sami (Lappish) letters that were " "missing in Latin-4 to cover the entire Nordic area." msgstr "" "El Latin 6 añade las últimas letras del inuit (esquimal de Groenlandia) y " "del sami (lapón) que faltaban en el Latin 4 para cubrir toda el área nórdica." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-11" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-11" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Supports the Thai alphabet and is nearly identical to the TIS-620 standard." msgstr "" "Implementa el alfabeto tailandés y es prácticamente idéntico al estándar " "TIS-620." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-12" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-12" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "This character set does not exist." msgstr "Este conjunto de caracteres no existe." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-13 (Latin-7)" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-13 (Latin-7)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Supports the Baltic Rim languages; in particular, it includes Latvian " "characters not found in Latin-4." msgstr "" "Para las lenguas de la Ribera del Báltico; en particular, incluye los " "caracteres letones que no se encuentran en Latin-4." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-14 (Latin-8)" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-14 (Latin-8)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This is the Celtic character set, covering Old Irish, Manx, Gaelic, Welsh, " "Cornish, and Breton." msgstr "" "Éste es el conjunto de caracteres celta, que implementa: el antiguo " "irlandés, el gaélico manx, el galés, el gaélico, el cornuallés y el bretón. " #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-15 (Latin-9)" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-15 (Latin-9)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Latin-9 is similar to the widely used Latin-1 but replaces some less common " "symbols with the Euro sign and French and Finnish letters that were missing " "in Latin-1." msgstr "" "Latin-9 es parecido al -enormemente usado- Latin-1 salvo que reemplaza " "algunos de los símbolos menos usados con el símbolo del euro y algunos " "caracteres franceses y finlandeses no incuidos en Latin-1." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-16 (Latin-10)" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-16 (Latin-10)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This character set covers many Southeast European languages, and most " "importantly supports Romanian more completely than Latin-2." msgstr "" "Este conjunto abarca muchos idiomas del sudeste de Europa y, lo que es más " "importante: tiene mejor soporte para el rumano que Latin-2." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "KOI8-R / KOI8-U" msgstr "KOI8-R / KOI8-U" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "KOI8-R is a non-ISO character set popular in Russia before Unicode. The " "lower half is ASCII; the upper is a Cyrillic character set somewhat better " "designed than ISO/IEC\\ 8859-5. KOI8-U, based on KOI8-R, has better support " "for Ukrainian. Neither of these sets are ISO/IEC\\ 2022 compatible, unlike " "the ISO/IEC\\ 8859 series." msgstr "" "KOI8-R es un conjunto de caracteres no ISO muy usado en Rusia antes de " "Unicode. La primera mitad está formada por ASCII y la segunda es un conjunto " "de caracteres cirílicos algo mejor diseñado que ISO/IEC\\ 8859-5. KOI8-U, " "basado en KOI8R, tiene un mejor soporte para el ucraniano. Ninguno de estos " "conjuntos son compatibles con ISO/IEC\\ 2022, a diferencia de la serie ISO / " "IEC\\ 8859." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Console support for KOI8-R is available under Linux through user-mode " "utilities that modify keyboard bindings and the EGA graphics table, and " "employ the \"user mapping\" font table in the console driver." msgstr "" "El soporte de consola para el KOI8-R está disponible en Linux a través de " "utilidades de usuario (como B(8)) que modifican las asociaciones de " "teclas y la tabla de gráficos EGA y emplean la tabla de tipos de letra de " "\"correspondencia de usuario\" en el controlador de consola." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "GB 2312" msgstr "GB 2312" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "GB 2312 is a mainland Chinese national standard character set used to " "express simplified Chinese. Just like JIS X 0208, characters are mapped " "into a 94x94 two-byte matrix used to construct EUC-CN. EUC-CN is the most " "important encoding for Linux and includes ASCII and GB 2312. Note that EUC-" "CN is often called as GB, GB 2312, or CN-GB." msgstr "" "GB 2312 es un conjunto nacional estándar de caracteres para el chino " "continental que se usa para expresar chino simplificado. Al igual que JIS X " "0208, los caracteres se proyectan en una matriz de 94x94 celdas de dos bytes " "que se usa para construir la codificación EUC-CN. EUC-CN es la codificación " "más importante para Linux e incluye ASCII y GB 2312. Dese cuenta que EUC-CN " "frecuentemente se identifica como GB, GB 2312 o CN-GB." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Big5" msgstr "Big5" #. Thanks to Tomohiro KUBOTA for the following sections about #. national standards. #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Big5 was a popular character set in Taiwan to express traditional Chinese. " "(Big5 is both a character set and an encoding.) It is a superset of ASCII. " "Non-ASCII characters are expressed in two bytes. Bytes 0xa1\\[en]0xfe are " "used as leading bytes for two-byte characters. Big5 and its extension were " "widely used in Taiwan and Hong Kong. It is not ISO/IEC\\ 2022 compliant." msgstr "" "Big5 fue un conjunto de caracteres muy usado en Taiwán para expresar el " "chino tradicional, es al mismo tiempo un conjunto de caracteres y una " "codificación. Es un superconjunto de ASCII. Los caracteres no ASCII se " "expresan en dos bytes. Los bytes 0xa1\\[en]0xfe se utilizan como bytes " "principales para caracteres de dos bytes. Big5 y su extensión fueron " "ampliamente utilizados en Taiwán y Hong Kong. No es compatible con ISO/IEC\\ " "2022." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "JIS X 0208" msgstr "JIS X 0208" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "JIS X 0208 is a Japanese national standard character set. Though there are " "some more Japanese national standard character sets (like JIS X 0201, JIS X " "0212, and JIS X 0213), this is the most important one. Characters are " "mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix, whose each byte is in the range " "0x21\\[en]0x7e. Note that JIS X 0208 is a character set, not an encoding. " "This means that JIS X 0208 itself is not used for expressing text data. JIS " "X 0208 is used as a component to construct encodings such as EUC-JP, " "Shift_JIS, and ISO/IEC\\ 2022-JP. EUC-JP is the most important encoding for " "Linux and includes ASCII and JIS X 0208. In EUC-JP, JIS X 0208 characters " "are expressed in two bytes, each of which is the JIS X 0208 code plus 0x80." msgstr "" "JIS X 0208 es el principal conjunto de caracteres estándar en Japón. Aunque " "hay algunos estándar nacionales japoneses más (como JIS X 0201, X 0212, y X " "0213). Los caracteres se crean a partir de una matriz de dos bytes de 94x94, " "cada byte está en el intervalo 0x21\\[en]0x7e. Debe considerarse que JIS X " "0208 es un conjunto de caracteres, no una codificación. Esto significa que " "el propio JIS X 0208 no se utiliza para expresar datos de texto. JIS X 0208 " "forma parte de codificaciones como EUC-JP, Shift_JIS y ISO/IEC\\ 2022-JP. " "EUC-JP es la codificación más importante para Linux e incluye ASCII y JIS X " "0208. En EUC-JP, los caracteres JIS X 0208 se expresan en dos bytes, cada " "uno de los cuales es el código JIS x 0208, más 0x80." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "KS X 1001" msgstr "KS X 1001" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "KS X 1001 is a Korean national standard character set. Just as JIS X 0208, " "characters are mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix. KS X 1001 is used like " "JIS X 0208, as a component to construct encodings such as EUC-KR, Johab, and " "ISO/IEC\\ 2022-KR. EUC-KR is the most important encoding for Linux and " "includes ASCII and KS X 1001. KS C 5601 is an older name for KS X 1001." msgstr "" "KS X 1001 es un conjunto de caracteres estándar nacional de Corea. Al igual " "que JIS X 0208, los caracteres se mapean en una matriz de dos bytes de " "94x94. KS X 1001 se utiliza como JIS X 0208, como un componente para " "construir codificaciones como EUC-KR, Johab y ISO/IEC\\ 2022-KR. EUC-KR es " "la codificación más importante para Linux e incluye ASCII y KS X 1001. KS C " "5601 es como anteriormente se conocía a KS X 1001." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 2022 and ISO/IEC\\ 4873" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 2022 e ISO/ IEC\\ 4873" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The ISO/IEC\\ 2022 and ISO/IEC\\ 4873 standards describe a font-control " "model based on VT100 practice. This model is (partially) supported by the " "Linux kernel and by B(1). Several ISO/IEC\\ 2022-based character " "encodings have been defined, especially for Japanese." msgstr "" "Las normas ISO/IEC\\ 2022 y ISO/IEC\\ 4873 describen un modelo de control de " "fuentes basado en la práctica VT100. Este modelo está (parcialmente) " "soportado por el núcleo de Linux y por B(1). Se han definido varias " "codificaciones de caracteres basadas en ISO/IEC\\ 2022, especialmente para " "el japonés." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "There are 4 graphic character sets, called G0, G1, G2, and G3, and one of " "them is the current character set for codes with high bit zero (initially " "G0), and one of them is the current character set for codes with high bit " "one (initially G1). Each graphic character set has 94 or 96 characters, and " "is essentially a 7-bit character set. It uses codes either 040\\[en]0177 " "(041\\[en]0176) or 0240\\[en]0377 (0241\\[en]0376). G0 always has size 94 " "and uses codes 041\\[en]0176." msgstr "" "Hay 4 conjuntos de caracteres gráficos, llamados G0, G1, G2 y G3, y uno de " "ellos es el conjunto de caracteres actual para los códigos con el bit más " "alto a 0 (inicialmente G0), y uno de ellos es el conjunto de caracteres " "actual para los códigos con el bit más alto a 1 (inicialmente G1). Cada " "conjunto de caracteres gráfico tiene 94 ó 96 caracteres, y es esencialmente " "un conjunto de caracteres de 7 bits. Emplea códigos bien entre 040\\[en]0177 " "(041\\[en]0176) o bien entre 0240\\[en]0377 (0241\\[en]0376). G0 siempre " "tiene de tamaño 94 y emplea códigos en el rango 041\\[en]0176." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Switching between character sets is done using the shift functions " "B<\\[ha]N> (SO or LS1), B<\\[ha]O> (SI or LS0), ESC n (LS2), ESC o (LS3), " "ESC N (SS2), ESC O (SS3), ESC \\[ti] (LS1R), ESC } (LS2R), ESC | (LS3R). " "The function LSI makes character set GI the current one for codes with " "high bit zero. The function LSIR makes character set GI the current " "one for codes with high bit one. The function SSI makes character set " "GI (I=2 or 3) the current one for the next character only (regardless " "of the value of its high order bit)." msgstr "" "El cambio entre los conjuntos de caracteres se realiza empleando las " "funciones de cambio B<\\[ha]N> (SO o LS1), B<\\[ha]O> (SI o LS0), ESC n " "(LS2), ESC o (LS3), ESC N (SS2), ESC O (SS3), ESC \\(ti (LS1R), ESC } " "(LS2R), ESC | (LS3R). La función LSI hace que el conjunto de caracteres " "GI sea el actual para los códigos con el bit más alto a 0. La función " "LSI hace que el conjunto de caracteres GI sea el actual para los " "códigos con el bit más alto a 1. La función SSI hace que el conjunto de " "caracteres GI (I=2 ó 3) sea el actual para el siguiente carácter " "solamente (tenga lo que tenga su bit más alto)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A 94-character set is designated as GI character set by an escape " "sequence ESC ( xx (for G0), ESC ) xx (for G1), ESC * xx (for G2), ESC + xx " "(for G3), where xx is a symbol or a pair of symbols found in the ISO/IEC\\ " "2375 International Register of Coded Character Sets. For example, ESC ( @ " "selects the ISO/IEC\\ 646 character set as G0, ESC ( A selects the UK " "standard character set (with pound instead of number sign), ESC ( B selects " "ASCII (with dollar instead of currency sign), ESC ( M selects a character " "set for African languages, ESC ( ! A selects the Cuban character set, and so " "on." msgstr "" "Un conjunto de 94 caracteres se designa como caracter GI definido por una " "secuencia de escape ESC ( xx (para G0), ESC ) xx ( para G1), ESC * xx (Para " "G2), ESC + xx ( Para G3), donde xx es un símbolo o un par de símbolos que se " "encuentran en ISO/IEC\\ 2375 Registro Internacional de conjuntos de " "caracteres codificados. Por ejemplo, ESC ( @ selecciona el conjunto de " "caracteres ISO/IEC\\ 646 como G0, ESC ( A selecciona la serie de carácteres " "estándar del Reino Unido (con la libra en lugar del signo numérico), ESC ( B " "selecciona ASCII (con el dólar en lugar del símbolo de moneda), ESC ( M " "selecciona un conjunto de símbolos para lenguas africanas, ESC ) (!" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A 96-character set is designated as GI character set by an escape " "sequence ESC - xx (for G1), ESC . xx (for G2) or ESC / xx (for G3). For " "example, ESC - G selects the Hebrew alphabet as G1." msgstr "" "Un conjunto de 96 caracteres se designa como el conjunto de caracteres GI " "por una secuencia de escape ESC - xx (para G1), ESC . xx (para G2) o ESC / " "xx (para G3). Por ejemplo, ESC - G selecciona el alfabeto hebreo como el G1." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A multibyte character set is designated as GI character set by an escape " "sequence ESC $ xx or ESC $ ( xx (for G0), ESC $ ) xx (for G1), ESC $ * xx " "(for G2), ESC $ + xx (for G3). For example, ESC $ ( C selects the Korean " "character set for G0. The Japanese character set selected by ESC $ B has a " "more recent version selected by ESC & @ ESC $ B." msgstr "" "Un conjunto de caracteres multibyte se designa como el conjunto de " "caracteres GI por una secuencia de escape ESC $ xx o ESC $ ( xx (para " "G0), ESC $ ) xx (para G1), ESC $ * xx (para G2), ESC $ + xx (para G3). Por " "ejemplo, ESC $ ( C selecciona el conjunto de caracteres coreano para G0. El " "conjunto de caracteres japonés seleccionado por ESC $ B tiene una versión " "más reciente seleccionada por ESC & @ ESC $ B." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "ISO/IEC\\ 4873 stipulates a narrower use of character sets, where G0 is " "fixed (always ASCII), so that G1, G2, and G3 can be invoked only for codes " "with the high order bit set. In particular, B<\\[ha]N> and B<\\[ha]O> are " "not used anymore, ESC ( xx can be used only with xx=B, and ESC ) xx, ESC * " "xx, ESC + xx are equivalent to ESC - xx, ESC . xx, ESC / xx, respectively." msgstr "" "ISO/IEC\\ 4873 estipula un uso más restrictivo de conjuntos de caracteres, " "donde G0 es fijo (siempre ASCII), de modo que G1, G2, y G3 sólo pueden ser " "invocados para códigos con el conjunto de bits de orden alto. Concretamente, " "B<\\ [ha]N> y B< \\[ha]O> ya no se usan, ESC ( xx puede usarse sólo con " "xx=B, y ESC ) xx, ESC * xx, Esc + xx son equivalentes a ESC - xx, ESC. xx, " "ESS / xx, respectivamente." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "TIS-620" msgstr "TIS-620" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "TIS-620 is a Thai national standard character set and a superset of ASCII. " "In the same fashion as the ISO/IEC\\ 8859 series, Thai characters are mapped " "into 0xa1\\[en]0xfe." msgstr "" "TIS-620 es un conjunto de caracteres estándar nacional para el tailandés y " "un superconjunto de ASCII. De la mismo modo que la serie ISO/IEC\\ 8859, los " "caracteres tailandeses se mapean en 0xa1\\[en]0xfe." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Unicode" msgstr "Unicode" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) is a standard which aims to unambiguously represent " "every character in every human language. Unicode's structure permits 20.1 " "bits to encode every character. Since most computers don't include 20.1-bit " "integers, Unicode is usually encoded as 32-bit integers internally and " "either a series of 16-bit integers (UTF-16) (needing two 16-bit integers " "only when encoding certain rare characters) or a series of 8-bit bytes " "(UTF-8)." msgstr "" "Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) es un estándar cuyo objetivo es representar " "inequívocamente cada carácter conocido en cada lenguaje humano. La " "estructura de Unicode admite 20'1 bits para codificar cada carácter. Sin " "embargo, ya que la mayoría de los computadores no incluyen enteros de 20'1 " "bits, normalmente Unicode se codifica internamente mediante enteros de 32 " "bits y, o bien una serie de enteros de 16 bits (UTF-16) (que necesita dos " "enteros de 16 bits sólo cuando se codifican ciertos caracteres poco " "comunes), o bien una serie de bytes de 8 bits (UTF-8)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Linux represents Unicode using the 8-bit Unicode Transformation Format " "(UTF-8). UTF-8 is a variable length encoding of Unicode. It uses 1 byte to " "code 7 bits, 2 bytes for 11 bits, 3 bytes for 16 bits, 4 bytes for 21 bits, " "5 bytes for 26 bits, 6 bytes for 31 bits." msgstr "" "Linux representa Unicode empleando el Formato de Transformación Unicode de 8 " "bits (UTF-8). UTF-8 es una codificación de Unicode de longitud variable. " "Emplea 1 byte para codificar 7 bits, 2 bytes para 11 bits, 3 bytes para 16 " "bits, 4 bytes para 21 bits, 5 bytes para 26 bits, y 6 bytes para 31 bits." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Let 0,1,x stand for a zero, one, or arbitrary bit. A byte 0xxxxxxx stands " "for the Unicode 00000000 0xxxxxxx which codes the same symbol as the ASCII " "0xxxxxxx. Thus, ASCII goes unchanged into UTF-8, and people using only " "ASCII do not notice any change: not in code, and not in file size." msgstr "" "Sean 0, 1, x el 0, el 1 ó un bit arbitrario. Un byte 0xxxxxxx representa el " "carácter Unicode 00000000 0xxxxxxx que codifica el mismo símbolo que el " "ASCII 0xxxxxxx. Así, ASCII va sin cambio alguno dentro de UTF-8, y la gente " "que emplea ASCII no nota ningún cambio: ni en el código ni en tamaños de " "fichero." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A byte 110xxxxx is the start of a 2-byte code, and 110xxxxx 10yyyyyy is " "assembled into 00000xxx xxyyyyyy. A byte 1110xxxx is the start of a 3-byte " "code, and 1110xxxx 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz is assembled into xxxxyyyy yyzzzzzz. " "(When UTF-8 is used to code the 31-bit ISO/IEC 10646 then this progression " "continues up to 6-byte codes.)" msgstr "" "Un byte 110xxxxx es el comienzo de un código de 2 bytes, y 110xxxxx 10yyyyyy " "se ensambla en 00000xxx xxyyyyyy. Un byte 1110xxxx es el comienzo de un " "código de 3 bytes, y 1110xxxx 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz se ensambla en xxxxyyyy " "yyzzzzzz. (Cuando se emplea UTF-8 para codificar el ISO/IEC 10646 de 31 " "bits, esta progresión continúa hasta códigos de 6 bytes.)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "For most texts in ISO/IEC\\ 8859 character sets, this means that the " "characters outside of ASCII are now coded with two bytes. This tends to " "expand ordinary text files by only one or two percent. For Russian or Greek " "texts, this expands ordinary text files by 100%, since text in those " "languages is mostly outside of ASCII. For Japanese users this means that " "the 16-bit codes now in common use will take three bytes. While there are " "algorithmic conversions from some character sets (especially ISO/IEC\\ " "8859-1) to Unicode, general conversion requires carrying around conversion " "tables, which can be quite large for 16-bit codes." msgstr "" "Para la mayoría de los textos en los conjuntos de caracteres ISO/IEC\\ 8859, " "significará que los caracteres no ASCII están ahora codificados con dos " "bytes. Esto tiende a incrementar entorno al 1 o 2 por cien los archivos de " "texto ordinarios. Para los textos en ruso o griego el incremento es del " "100%, ya que los caracteres empleados son principalmente no ASCII. Para los " "usuarios japoneses esto significa que los códigos de 16 bits tomarán tres " "bytes. Si bien existen conversiones algorítmicas de algunos conjuntos de " "caracteres (especialmente ISO/IEC\\ 8859-1) a Unicode, la conversión general " "requiere el uso de tablas de conversión, que pueden ser bastante grandes " "para códigos de 16 bits." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Note that UTF-8 is self-synchronizing: 10xxxxxx is a tail, any other byte is " "the head of a code. Note that the only way ASCII bytes occur in a UTF-8 " "stream, is as themselves. In particular, there are no embedded NULs " "(\\[aq]\\e0\\[aq]) or \\[aq]/\\[aq]s that form part of some larger code." msgstr "" "Observe que UTF-8 es auto-sincronizante: 10xxxxxx es una cola, y cualquier " "otro byte es la cabeza de un código. Observe que de la única manera que los " "bytes ASCII aparecen en un flujo UTF-8 es como ellos mismos. En particular, " "no hay NULs (\\[aq]\\e0\\[aq]) or \\[aq]/\\[aq]s incluidos que formen parte " "de algún código más grande." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Since ASCII, and, in particular, NUL and \\[aq]/\\[aq], are unchanged, the " "kernel does not notice that UTF-8 is being used. It does not care at all " "what the bytes it is handling stand for." msgstr "" "Puesto que ASCII, y, en particular, NUL y \\[aq]/\\[aq], permanecen " "inalterados, el núcleo no se entera de que se está empleando UTF-8. No le " "importa en absoluto para qué son los bytes que está manejando." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Rendering of Unicode data streams is typically handled through \"subfont\" " "tables which map a subset of Unicode to glyphs. Internally the kernel uses " "Unicode to describe the subfont loaded in video RAM. This means that in the " "Linux console in UTF-8 mode, one can use a character set with 512 different " "symbols. This is not enough for Japanese, Chinese, and Korean, but it is " "enough for most other purposes." msgstr "" "La representación de los flujos de datos Unicode se suele gestionar a través " "de tablas de `subtipo' que hacen corresponder un subconjunto de Unicode a " "glifos. Internamente el núcleo emplea Unicode para describir el subtipo de " "letra cargada en RAM de vídeo. Esto significa que en el modo UTF-8 uno puede " "emplear un conjunto de caracteres con 512 símbolos diferentes. Esto no es " "suficiente para el japonés, chino o coreano, pero si es adecuado para la " "mayoría de otros propósitos." #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "SEE ALSO" msgstr "VÉASE TAMBIÉN" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "B(1), B(7), B(7), B(7), B(7)" msgstr "B(1), B(7), B(7), B(7), B(7)" #. type: TH #: debian-bookworm #, no-wrap msgid "2023-02-05" msgstr "5 Febrero 2023" #. type: TH #: debian-bookworm #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03" msgstr "Páginas de Manual de Linux 6.03" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "Standards discussed include such as ASCII, GB 2312, ISO 8859, JIS, KOI8-R, " "KS, and Unicode." msgstr "" "Se incluye información acerca de ASCII, GB 2312, ISO 8859, JIS, KOI8-R, KS y " "Unicode." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "ASCII (American Standard Code For Information Interchange) is the original 7-" "bit character set, originally designed for American English. Also known as " "US-ASCII. It is currently described by the ISO 646:1991 IRV (International " "Reference Version) standard." msgstr "" "ASCII (American Standard Code For Information Interchange, Código Estándar " "Americano para el Intercambio de Información) es el conjunto de caracteres " "original de 7 bits, diseñado inicialmente para el inglés americano. También " "llamado ASCII-US. Actualmente se describe en el estándar ISO 646:1991 IRV." #. type: SS #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "ISO 8859" msgstr "ISO 8859" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "ISO 8859 is a series of 15 8-bit character sets, all of which have ASCII in " "their low (7-bit) half, invisible control characters in positions 128 to " "159, and 96 fixed-width graphics in positions 160\\[en]255." msgstr "" "ISO 8859 es una serie de 15 conjuntos de caracteres de 8 bits, los cuales " "tienen como su primera mitad (7 bits) el ASCII, caracteres de control " "invisibles en las posiciones 128 a 159, y 96 gráficos fijos desde la " "posición 160 hasta la 255." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "Of these, the most important is ISO 8859-1 (\"Latin Alphabet No. 1\" / " "Latin-1). It was widely adopted and supported by different systems, and is " "gradually being replaced with Unicode. The ISO 8859-1 characters are also " "the first 256 characters of Unicode." msgstr "" "El más importante es ISO 8859-1 (Alfabeto Latino nº1 / Latin-1). Fue " "ampliamente implementado en diversos sistemas y está siendo gradualmente " "sustituido por Unicode. Los primeros 256 caracteres de esta codificación " "coinciden con los 256 primeros caracteres de Unicode." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "Console support for the other 8859 character sets is available under Linux " "through user-mode utilities (such as B(8)) that modify keyboard " "bindings and the EGA graphics table and employ the \"user mapping\" font " "table in the console driver." msgstr "" "El soporte de consola para los otros conjuntos de caracteres 8859 está " "disponible en Linux a través de utilidades de usuario (como B(8)) " "que modifican las asociaciones de teclas y la tabla de gráficos EGA/VGA y " "emplean la tabla de tipos de letra de \"correspondencia de usuario\" en el " "controlador de consola." #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-1 (Latin-1)" msgstr "8859-1 (Latin-1)" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm msgid "" "Latin-1 covers many European languages such as Albanian, Basque, Danish, " "English, Faroese, Galician, Icelandic, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, " "Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish. The lack of the ligatures Dutch IJ/ij, " "French œ, and old-style „German“ quotation marks was considered tolerable." msgstr "" "Latin-1 cubre la mayoría de lenguajes de Europa Occidental como el albanés, " "vasco, danés, inglés, feroés, gallego, islandés, irlandés, italiano, " "noruego, portugués, español y sueco. La falta de las ligaduras neerlandesa IJ/" "ij, de la francesa œ y de las antiguas comillas alemana „“ se consideraba " "aceptable." #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-2 (Latin-2)" msgstr "8859-2 (Latin-2)" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-3 (Latin-3)" msgstr "8859-3 (Latin-3)" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "Latin-3 was designed to cover of Esperanto, Maltese, and Turkish, but 8859-9 " "later superseded it for Turkish." msgstr "" "Latin-3 fue creado para el esperanto, el maltés y el turco aunque " "posteriormente el turco emplearía 8859-9." #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-4 (Latin-4)" msgstr "8859-4 (Latin-4)" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "Latin-4 introduced letters for North European languages such as Estonian, " "Latvian, and Lithuanian, but was superseded by 8859-10 and 8859-13." msgstr "" "Latin-4 introdujo letras para idiomas del norte de Europa como el estonio, " "letón y lituano. Fue reemplazado por 8859-10 (Latin-6) y 8859-13 (Latin 7)." #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-5" msgstr "8859-5" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-6" msgstr "8859-6" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "Was created for Arabic. The 8859-6 glyph table is a fixed font of separate " "letter forms, but a proper display engine should combine these using the " "proper initial, medial, and final forms." msgstr "" "Para el árabe. La tabla de glifos 8859-6 es un tipo fijo de formas de letra " "separadas, pero un mecanismo de visualización correcto debería combinar " "éstas usando las formas iniciales, medias y finales apropiadas." #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-7" msgstr "8859-7" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-8" msgstr "8859-8" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-9 (Latin-5)" msgstr "8859-9 (Latin-5)" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-10 (Latin-6)" msgstr "8859-10 (Latin-6)" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-11" msgstr "8859-11" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-12" msgstr "8859-12" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-13 (Latin-7)" msgstr "8859-13 (Latin-7)" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-14 (Latin-8)" msgstr "8859-14 (Latin-8)" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-15 (Latin-9)" msgstr "8859-15 (Latin-9)" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-16 (Latin-10)" msgstr "8859-16 (Latin-10)" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "KOI8-R is a non-ISO character set popular in Russia before Unicode. The " "lower half is ASCII; the upper is a Cyrillic character set somewhat better " "designed than ISO 8859-5. KOI8-U, based on KOI8-R, has better support for " "Ukrainian. Neither of these sets are ISO-2022 compatible, unlike the ISO " "8859 series." msgstr "" "El KOI8-R es un conjunto de caracteres no ISO popular en Rusia antes de la " "aparición de Unicode. La primera mitad es el US ASCII; la segunda es un " "conjunto de caracteres cirílico algo mejor diseñado que el ISO 8859-5. KOI8-" "U está basado en KOI8-R, con un mejor soporte para el ucraniano. A " "diferencia de las series ISO 8859 , ninguno de estos conjuntos es compatible " "con el estándar ISO-2022." #. Thanks to Tomohiro KUBOTA for the following sections about #. national standards. #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "Big5 was a popular character set in Taiwan to express traditional Chinese. " "(Big5 is both a character set and an encoding.) It is a superset of ASCII. " "Non-ASCII characters are expressed in two bytes. Bytes 0xa1\\[en]0xfe are " "used as leading bytes for two-byte characters. Big5 and its extension were " "widely used in Taiwan and Hong Kong. It is not ISO 2022 compliant." msgstr "" "Big5 fue un conjunto de caracteres popular en Taiwan para expresar chino " "tradicional. (Big5 es tanto un conjunto de caracteres como una " "codificación.) Es un superconjunto del ASCII US. Los caracteres no ASCII se " "expresan con dos bytes. Los bytes 0xa1\\[en]0xfe se usan como primer byte en " "los caracteres de dos bytes. Big5 y sus extensiones se usan ampliamente en " "Taiwan y Hong Kong. No cumple con el estándar ISO-2022." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "JIS X 0208 is a Japanese national standard character set. Though there are " "some more Japanese national standard character sets (like JIS X 0201, JIS X " "0212, and JIS X 0213), this is the most important one. Characters are " "mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix, whose each byte is in the range " "0x21\\[en]0x7e. Note that JIS X 0208 is a character set, not an encoding. " "This means that JIS X 0208 itself is not used for expressing text data. JIS " "X 0208 is used as a component to construct encodings such as EUC-JP, " "Shift_JIS, and ISO-2022-JP. EUC-JP is the most important encoding for Linux " "and includes ASCII and JIS X 0208. In EUC-JP, JIS X 0208 characters are " "expressed in two bytes, each of which is the JIS X 0208 code plus 0x80." msgstr "" "JIS X 0208 es un conjunto nacional estándar de caracteres japoneses. Aunque " "hay algunos conjuntos nacionales estándares más de caracteres japoneses " "(como JIS X 0201, JIS X 0212 y JIS X 0213), éste es el más importante. Los " "caracteres se proyectan en una matriz de 94x94 celdas de 2 bytes, donde cada " "byte se encuentra en el rango 0x21\\[en]0x7e. Dese cuenta que JIS X 0208 es " "un conjunto de caracteres, no una codificación. Esto significa que el propio " "JIS X 0208 no se usa para expresar datos de texto. JIS X 0208 se usa como un " "componente para construir codificaciones como EUC-JP, Shift_JIS y ISO-2022-" "JP. EUC-JP es la codificación más importante para Linux e incluye ASCII y " "JIS X 0208. En EUC-JP, los caracteres JIS X 0208 se expresan con 2 dos " "bytes, cada uno de los cuales es el código JIS X 0208 más 0x80." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "KS X 1001 is a Korean national standard character set. Just as JIS X 0208, " "characters are mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix. KS X 1001 is used like " "JIS X 0208, as a component to construct encodings such as EUC-KR, Johab, and " "ISO-2022-KR. EUC-KR is the most important encoding for Linux and includes " "ASCII and KS X 1001. KS C 5601 is an older name for KS X 1001." msgstr "" "KS X 1001 es un conjunto nacional estándar de caracteres coreanos. Al igual " "que JIS X 0208, los caracteres se proyectan en una matriz de 94x94 celdas de " "2 bytes. KS X 1001 se usa como JIS X 0208, como un componente para construir " "codificaciones tales como EUC-KR, Johab e ISO-2022-KR. EUC-KR es la " "codificación más importante para Linux e incluye ASCII y KS X 1001. KS C " "5601 es el antiguo nombre de KS X 1001." #. type: SS #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "ISO 2022 and ISO 4873" msgstr "ISO 2022 y ISO 4873" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "The ISO 2022 and 4873 standards describe a font-control model based on VT100 " "practice. This model is (partially) supported by the Linux kernel and by " "B(1). Several ISO 2022-based character encodings have been defined, " "especially for Japanese." msgstr "" "Los estándares ISO 2022 y 4873 describen un modelo de control de tipo de " "letra basado en la VT100. Este modelo es (parcialmente) admitido por el " "núcleo de Linux y por B(1). Se han definido varias codificaciones " "basadas en ISO 2022, sobretodo para el japonés." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "A 94-character set is designated as GI character set by an escape " "sequence ESC ( xx (for G0), ESC ) xx (for G1), ESC * xx (for G2), ESC + xx " "(for G3), where xx is a symbol or a pair of symbols found in the ISO 2375 " "International Register of Coded Character Sets. For example, ESC ( @ " "selects the ISO 646 character set as G0, ESC ( A selects the UK standard " "character set (with pound instead of number sign), ESC ( B selects ASCII " "(with dollar instead of currency sign), ESC ( M selects a character set for " "African languages, ESC ( ! A selects the Cuban character set, and so on." msgstr "" "Un conjunto de 94 caracteres se designa como el conjunto de caracteres GI " "por una secuencia de escape ESC ( xx (para G0), ESC ) xx (para G1), ESC * xx " "(para G2), ESC + xx (para G3), donde xx es un símbolo o un par de símbolos " "del Registro Internacional de Conjuntos de Caracteres Codificados ISO 2375. " "Por ejemplo, ESC ( @ selecciona el conjunto de caracteres ISO 646 como el " "G0, ESC ( A selecciona el conjunto de caracteres estándar de R.U. (con la " "libra esterlina en lugar del signo numeral #), ESC ( B selecciona el ASCII " "(con el dólar $ en lugar del símbolo monetario ¤), ESC ( M selecciona un " "conjunto de caracteres para lenguas africanas, ESC ( ! selecciona el " "conjunto de caracteres cubano, etc. etc. etc." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "ISO 4873 stipulates a narrower use of character sets, where G0 is fixed " "(always ASCII), so that G1, G2, and G3 can be invoked only for codes with " "the high order bit set. In particular, B<\\[ha]N> and B<\\[ha]O> are not " "used anymore, ESC ( xx can be used only with xx=B, and ESC ) xx, ESC * xx, " "ESC + xx are equivalent to ESC - xx, ESC . xx, ESC / xx, respectively." msgstr "" "ISO 4873 estipula un uso más reducido de conjuntos de caracteres, donde G0 " "está fijo (siempre ASCII), de modo que G1, G2 y G3 sólo pueden ser llamados " "para códigos con el bit más alto a 1. En particular, B<\\[ha]N> y B<\\[ha]O> " "ya no se usan más, ESC ( xx sólo puede emplearse con xx=B y ESC ) xx, ESC * " "xx, ESC + xx son equivalentes a ESC - xx, ESC . xx, ESC / xx, " "respectivamente." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "TIS-620 is a Thai national standard character set and a superset of ASCII. " "In the same fashion as the ISO 8859 series, Thai characters are mapped into " "0xa1\\[en]0xfe." msgstr "" "TIS-620 es un conjunto nacional estándar de caracteres tailandeses y un " "superconjunto del ASCII. Al igual que las series ISO 8859, los caracteres " "tailandeses se proyectan en el rango 0xa1\\[en]0xfe." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm msgid "" "Unicode (ISO 10646) is a standard which aims to unambiguously represent " "every character in every human language. Unicode's structure permits 20.1 " "bits to encode every character. Since most computers don't include 20.1-bit " "integers, Unicode is usually encoded as 32-bit integers internally and " "either a series of 16-bit integers (UTF-16) (needing two 16-bit integers " "only when encoding certain rare characters) or a series of 8-bit bytes " "(UTF-8)." msgstr "" "Unicode (ISO 10646) es un estándar cuyo objetivo es representar " "inequívocamente cada carácter conocido en cada lenguaje humano. La " "estructura de Unicode admite 20'1 bits para codificar cada carácter. Sin " "embargo, ya que la mayoría de los computadores no incluyen enteros de 20'1 " "bits, normalmente Unicode se codifica internamente mediante enteros de 32 " "bits y, o bien una serie de enteros de 16 bits (UTF-16) (que necesita dos " "enteros de 16 bits sólo cuando se codifican ciertos caracteres poco " "comunes), o bien una serie de bytes de 8 bits (UTF-8)." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm msgid "" "A byte 110xxxxx is the start of a 2-byte code, and 110xxxxx 10yyyyyy is " "assembled into 00000xxx xxyyyyyy. A byte 1110xxxx is the start of a 3-byte " "code, and 1110xxxx 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz is assembled into xxxxyyyy yyzzzzzz. " "(When UTF-8 is used to code the 31-bit ISO 10646 then this progression " "continues up to 6-byte codes.)" msgstr "" "Un byte 110xxxxx es el comienzo de un código de 2 bytes, y 110xxxxx 10yyyyyy " "se ensambla en 00000xxx xxyyyyyy. Un byte 1110xxxx es el comienzo de un " "código de 3 bytes, y 1110xxxx 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz se ensambla en xxxxyyyy " "yyzzzzzz. (Cuando se emplea UTF-8 para codificar el ISO 10646 de 31 bits, " "esta progresión continúa hasta códigos de 6 bytes.)" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "For most texts in ISO 8859 character sets, this means that the characters " "outside of ASCII are now coded with two bytes. This tends to expand " "ordinary text files by only one or two percent. For Russian or Greek texts, " "this expands ordinary text files by 100%, since text in those languages is " "mostly outside of ASCII. For Japanese users this means that the 16-bit " "codes now in common use will take three bytes. While there are algorithmic " "conversions from some character sets (especially ISO 8859-1) to Unicode, " "general conversion requires carrying around conversion tables, which can be " "quite large for 16-bit codes." msgstr "" "Para la mayoría de los textos que usan los conjuntos de caracteres ISO-8859, " "esto significa que los caracteres fuera de ASCII se codifican ahora con dos " "bytes. Esto tiende a expandir los ficheros de texto ordinarios en sólo un 1 " "o 2%. Para el ruso y el griegos, esto expande los ficheros de texto " "ordenarios en un 100%, ya que el texto en estos idiomas se encuentra en su " "mayor parte fuera de ASCII. Para los usuarios japoneses esto significa que " "los códigos de 16 bits de uso común actualmente necesitarán tres bytes. " "Aunque hay conversiones algorítmicas desde algunos conjuntos de caracteres " "(esp. ISO-8859-1) a Unicode, una conversión general requiere trabajar con " "tablas de conversión que puede ser bastante grandes para los códigos de 16 " "bits." #. type: TH #: fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #, no-wrap msgid "2024-01-28" msgstr "28 Enero 2024" #. type: TH #: fedora-40 mageia-cauldron #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06" msgstr "Páginas de Manual de Linux 6.06" #. type: TH #: fedora-rawhide #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7" msgstr "Páginas de Manual de Linux 6.7" #. type: TH #: opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "2023-03-12" msgstr "12 Marzo 2023" #. type: TH #: opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04" msgstr "Páginas de Manual de Linux 6.04" #. type: TH #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages (unreleased)" msgstr "Páginas de Manual de Linux (no publicadas)"