# French translation of manpages
# This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package.
# Copyright © of this file:
# Christophe Blaess <https://www.blaess.fr/christophe/>, 1996-2003.
# Stéphan Rafin <stephan.rafin@laposte.net>, 2002.
# Thierry Vignaud <tvignaud@mandriva.com>, 1999,2002.
# François Micaux, 2002.
# Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>, 2003-2008.
# Jean-Philippe Guérard <fevrier@tigreraye.org>, 2005-2006.
# Jean-Luc Coulon (f5ibh) <jean-luc.coulon@wanadoo.fr>, 2006-2007.
# Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org>, 2006-2007.
# Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com>, 2006-2008.
# Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>, 2006-2008.
# Florentin Duneau <fduneau@gmail.com>, 2006-2010.
# Simon Paillard <simon.paillard@resel.enst-bretagne.fr>, 2006, 2012-2014.
# Denis Barbier <barbier@debian.org>, 2006,2010.
# David Prévot <david@tilapin.org>, 2010-2014.
# Jean-Philippe MENGUAL <jpmengual@debian.org>, 2020-2024.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: manpages-l10n 4.21.0\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-06-01 06:02+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-03-13 11:04+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Jean-Philippe MENGUAL <jpmengual@debian.org>\n"
"Language-Team: French <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>\n"
"Language: fr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n"
"X-Generator: vim\n"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "memfd_create"
msgstr "memfd_create"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "2024-05-02"
msgstr "2 mai 2024"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-unstable
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.8"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.8"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr "NOM"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "memfd_create - create an anonymous file"
msgstr "memfd_create - Créer un fichier anonyme"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "LIBRARY"
msgstr "BIBLIOTHÈQUE"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Standard C library (I<libc>, I<-lc>)"
msgstr "Bibliothèque C standard (I<libc>, I<-lc>)"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SYNOPSIS"
msgstr "SYNOPSIS"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<#define _GNU_SOURCE>         /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
"B<#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""
"B<#define _GNU_SOURCE>         /* Consultez feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
"B<#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int memfd_create(const char *>I<name>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
msgstr "B<int memfd_create(const char *>I<name>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr "DESCRIPTION"

#.  David Herrmann:
#.      memfd uses VM_NORESERVE so each page is accounted on first access.
#.      This means, the overcommit-limits (see __vm_enough_memory()) and the
#.      memory-cgroup limits (mem_cgroup_try_charge()) are applied. Note that
#.      those are accounted on "current" and "current->mm", that is, the
#.      process doing the first page access.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<memfd_create>()  creates an anonymous file and returns a file descriptor "
"that refers to it.  The file behaves like a regular file, and so can be "
"modified, truncated, memory-mapped, and so on.  However, unlike a regular "
"file, it lives in RAM and has a volatile backing storage.  Once all "
"references to the file are dropped, it is automatically released.  Anonymous "
"memory is used for all backing pages of the file.  Therefore, files created "
"by B<memfd_create>()  have the same semantics as other anonymous memory "
"allocations such as those allocated using B<mmap>(2)  with the "
"B<MAP_ANONYMOUS> flag."
msgstr ""
"B<memfd_create>() crée un fichier anonyme et renvoie un descripteur de "
"fichier qui s'y rapporte. Le fichier se comporte comme un fichier normal, il "
"peut donc être modifié, tronqué, projeté en mémoire, et ainsi de suite. Mais "
"contrairement à un fichier normal, il réside dans la RAM et son stockage est "
"volatile. Une fois que toutes les références au fichier ont disparu, il est "
"automatiquement libéré. La mémoire anonyme est utilisée pour toutes les "
"pages de sauvegarde du fichier. Les fichiers créés par B<memfd_create>() ont "
"donc la même sémantique que les autres allocations de mémoire anonyme telles "
"que celles qui utilisent B<mmap>(2) avec l'attribut B<MAP_ANONYMOUS>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The initial size of the file is set to 0.  Following the call, the file size "
"should be set using B<ftruncate>(2).  (Alternatively, the file may be "
"populated by calls to B<write>(2)  or similar.)"
msgstr ""
"La taille initiale du fichier est positionnée à B<0>. Après l'appel, elle "
"devrait être définie en utilisant B<ftruncate>(2) (ou le fichier peut être "
"rempli par des appels à B<write>(2) ou équivalent)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The name supplied in I<name> is used as a filename and will be displayed as "
"the target of the corresponding symbolic link in the directory I</proc/self/"
"fd/>.  The displayed name is always prefixed with I<memfd:> and serves only "
"for debugging purposes.  Names do not affect the behavior of the file "
"descriptor, and as such multiple files can have the same name without any "
"side effects."
msgstr ""
"Le nom fourni dans I<name> est utilisé comme nom de fichier et sera affiché "
"en tant que cible du lien symbolique correspondant dans le répertoire I</"
"proc/self/fd/>. Le nom affiché a toujours un préfixe I<memfd:> et il ne sert "
"que pour le débogage. Les noms ne changent pas le comportement du "
"descripteur de fichier et en tant que tels plusieurs fichiers peuvent avoir "
"le même nom sans effets de bord."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The following values may be bitwise ORed in I<flags> to change the behavior "
"of B<memfd_create>():"
msgstr ""
"Les valeurs suivantes peuvent subir une opération OU logique bit à bit dans "
"I<flags> pour modifier le comportement de B<memfd_create>() :"

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MFD_CLOEXEC>"
msgstr "B<MFD_CLOEXEC>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Set the close-on-exec (B<FD_CLOEXEC>)  flag on the new file descriptor.  See "
"the description of the B<O_CLOEXEC> flag in B<open>(2)  for reasons why this "
"may be useful."
msgstr ""
"Placer l'attribut « close-on-exec » (B<FD_CLOEXEC>) sur le nouveau "
"descripteur de fichier. Consultez la description de l'attribut B<O_CLOEXEC> "
"dans B<open>(2) pour savoir pourquoi cela peut être utile."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MFD_ALLOW_SEALING>"
msgstr "B<MFD_ALLOW_SEALING>"

#.  FIXME Why is the MFD_ALLOW_SEALING behavior not simply the default?
#.  Is it worth adding some text explaining this?
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Allow sealing operations on this file.  See the discussion of the "
"B<F_ADD_SEALS> and B<F_GET_SEALS> operations in B<fcntl>(2), and also NOTES, "
"below.  The initial set of seals is empty.  If this flag is not set, the "
"initial set of seals will be B<F_SEAL_SEAL>, meaning that no other seals can "
"be set on the file."
msgstr ""
"Permettre des opérations de verrouillage sur ce fichier. Voir le point sur "
"les opérations B<F_ADD_SEALS> et B<F_GET_SEALS> dans B<fcntl>(2), ainsi que "
"les NOTES ci-dessous. Le positionnement initial des verrous est vide. Si cet "
"attribut n'est pas défini, le positionnement initial des verrous sera "
"B<F_SEAL_SEAL>, ce qui veut dire qu'aucun autre verrou ne peut être "
"positionné sur le fichier."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MFD_HUGETLB> (since Linux 4.14)"
msgstr "B<MFD_HUGETLB> (depuis Linux 4.14)"

#.  commit 749df87bd7bee5a79cef073f5d032ddb2b211de8
#.  commit 47b9012ecdc747f6936395265e677d41e11a31ff
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The anonymous file will be created in the hugetlbfs filesystem using huge "
"pages.  See the Linux kernel source file I<Documentation/admin-guide/mm/"
"hugetlbpage.rst> for more information about hugetlbfs.  Specifying both "
"B<MFD_HUGETLB> and B<MFD_ALLOW_SEALING> in I<flags> is supported since Linux "
"4.16."
msgstr ""
"Le fichier anonyme sera créé sur le système de fichiers hugetlbfs en "
"utilisant d'immenses pages. Voir le fichier I<Documentation/admin-guide/mm/"
"hugetlbpage.rst> des sources du noyau Linux pour plus d'informations sur "
"hugetlbfs. Le fait d'indiquer à la fois B<MFD_HUGETLB> et "
"B<MFD_ALLOW_SEALING> dans I<flags> est pris en charge depuis Linux 4.16."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MFD_HUGE_2MB>"
msgstr "B<MFD_HUGE_2MB>"

#. type: TQ
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MFD_HUGE_1GB>"
msgstr "B<MFD_HUGE_1GB>"

#. type: TQ
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.\\|.\\|."
msgstr "\\&.\\|.\\|."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Used in conjunction with B<MFD_HUGETLB> to select alternative hugetlb page "
"sizes (respectively, 2\\ MB, 1\\ GB, ...)  on systems that support multiple "
"hugetlb page sizes.  Definitions for known huge page sizes are included in "
"the header file I<E<lt>linux/memfd.hE<gt>.>"
msgstr ""
"Utilisé avec B<MFD_HUGETLB> pour sélectionner d'autres tailles de page "
"hugetlb (respectivement 2 Mo, 1 Go, ...) sur les systèmes qui gèrent "
"plusieurs tailles de page hugetlb. Les définitions des tailles de page "
"immenses connues figurent dans le fichier d'entête I<E<lt>linux/memfd."
"hE<gt>>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For details on encoding huge page sizes not included in the header file, see "
"the discussion of the similarly named constants in B<mmap>(2)."
msgstr ""
"Pour des détails sur l'encodage des tailles des pages immenses ne figurant "
"pas dans le fichier d'entête, voir le point sur les constantes du même nom "
"dans B<mmap>(2)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Unused bits in I<flags> must be 0."
msgstr "Les bits inusitées dans I<flags> doivent valoir B<0>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"As its return value, B<memfd_create>()  returns a new file descriptor that "
"can be used to refer to the file.  This file descriptor is opened for both "
"reading and writing (B<O_RDWR>)  and B<O_LARGEFILE> is set for the file "
"descriptor."
msgstr ""
"En code de retour, B<memfd_create>() renvoie un nouveau descripteur de "
"fichier qui peut être utilisé pour se référer au fichier. Ce descripteur de "
"fichier est ouvert en lecture et en écriture (B<O_RDWR>)  et B<O_LARGEFILE> "
"est positionné pour le descripteur de fichier."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"With respect to B<fork>(2)  and B<execve>(2), the usual semantics apply for "
"the file descriptor created by B<memfd_create>().  A copy of the file "
"descriptor is inherited by the child produced by B<fork>(2)  and refers to "
"the same file.  The file descriptor is preserved across B<execve>(2), unless "
"the close-on-exec flag has been set."
msgstr ""
"Par rapport à B<fork>(2) et B<execve>(2), la sémantique habituelle "
"s'applique au descripteur de fichier créé par B<memfd_create>(). Une copie "
"du descripteur de fichier est récupérée par l'enfant produit par B<fork>(2) "
"et elle se rapporte au même fichier. Le descripteur de fichier est préservé "
"pendant un B<execve>(2), sauf si l'attribut close-on-exec a été positionné."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "RETURN VALUE"
msgstr "VALEUR RENVOYÉE"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On success, B<memfd_create>()  returns a new file descriptor.  On error, -1 "
"is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
msgstr ""
"En cas de succès, B<memfd_create>() renvoie un nouveau descripteur de "
"fichier. En cas d'erreur, B<-1> est renvoyé et I<errno> est positionné pour "
"indiquer l'erreur."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ERRORS"
msgstr "ERREURS"

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EFAULT>"
msgstr "B<EFAULT>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The address in I<name> points to invalid memory."
msgstr "L'adresse dans I<name> pointe vers une mémoire non valable."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EINVAL>"
msgstr "B<EINVAL>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "I<flags> included unknown bits."
msgstr "I<flags> comprend des bits inconnus."

#.  NAME_MAX - strlen("memfd:")
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<name> was too long.  (The limit is 249 bytes, excluding the terminating "
"null byte.)"
msgstr ""
"I<name> était trop long (la limite de 249 octets, n'incluant pas l'octet "
"NULL final)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Both B<MFD_HUGETLB> and B<MFD_ALLOW_SEALING> were specified in I<flags>."
msgstr ""
"B<MFD_HUGETLB> et B<MFD_ALLOW_SEALING> ont tous deux été indiqués dans "
"I<flags>."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EMFILE>"
msgstr "B<EMFILE>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The per-process limit on the number of open file descriptors has been "
"reached."
msgstr ""
"La limite du nombre de descripteurs de fichiers par processus a été atteinte."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENFILE>"
msgstr "B<ENFILE>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The system-wide limit on the total number of open files has been reached."
msgstr ""
"La limite du nombre total de fichiers ouverts pour le système entier a été "
"atteinte."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOMEM>"
msgstr "B<ENOMEM>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "There was insufficient memory to create a new anonymous file."
msgstr "Mémoire insuffisante pour créer un nouveau fichier anonyme."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EPERM>"
msgstr "B<EPERM>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<MFD_HUGETLB> flag was specified, but the caller was not privileged "
"(did not have the B<CAP_IPC_LOCK> capability)  and is not a member of the "
"I<sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group> group; see the description of I</proc/sys/vm/"
"sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group> in B<proc>(5)."
msgstr ""
"L'attribut B<MFD_HUGETLB> a été spécifié, mais l'appelant n'est pas un "
"utilisateur privilégié (il n'a pas la capacité B<CAP_IPC_LOCK>) et il n'est "
"pas membre du groupe I<sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group> ; consultez la description "
"de I</proc/sys/vm/sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group> dans B<proc>(5)."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "STANDARDS"
msgstr "STANDARDS"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Linux."
msgstr "Linux."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "HISTORY"
msgstr "HISTORIQUE"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Linux 3.17, glibc 2.27."
msgstr "Linux 3.17, glibc 2.27."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr "NOTES"

#.  See also http://lwn.net/Articles/593918/
#.  and http://lwn.net/Articles/594919/ and http://lwn.net/Articles/591108/
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<memfd_create>()  system call provides a simple alternative to manually "
"mounting a B<tmpfs>(5)  filesystem and creating and opening a file in that "
"filesystem.  The primary purpose of B<memfd_create>()  is to create files "
"and associated file descriptors that are used with the file-sealing APIs "
"provided by B<fcntl>(2)."
msgstr ""
"L'appel système B<memfd_create>() offre une alternative simple au montage "
"manuel d'un système de fichiers B<tmpfs>(5) et à la création et l'ouverture "
"d'un fichier dans ce système de fichiers. Le premier objectif de "
"B<memfd_create>() est de créer des fichiers et leur descripteur associé, "
"utilisés avec les API de verrou de fichiers fournis par B<fcntl>(2)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<memfd_create>()  system call also has uses without file sealing (which "
"is why file-sealing is disabled, unless explicitly requested with the "
"B<MFD_ALLOW_SEALING> flag).  In particular, it can be used as an alternative "
"to creating files in I<tmp> or as an alternative to using the B<open>(2)  "
"B<O_TMPFILE> in cases where there is no intention to actually link the "
"resulting file into the filesystem."
msgstr ""
"L'appel système B<memfd_create>() s'utilise également sans verrou de fichier "
"(c'est pourquoi le verrouillage de fichier a été désactivé sauf demande "
"explicite avec l'attribut B<MFD_ALLOW_SEALING>). En particulier, il peut "
"être utilisé comme alternative pour créer des fichiers dans I<tmp> ou pour "
"utiliser B<O_TMPFILE> de B<open>(2), si vous ne voulez pas rattacher le "
"fichier résultant au système de fichiers."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "File sealing"
msgstr "Verrou de fichiers"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In the absence of file sealing, processes that communicate via shared memory "
"must either trust each other, or take measures to deal with the possibility "
"that an untrusted peer may manipulate the shared memory region in "
"problematic ways.  For example, an untrusted peer might modify the contents "
"of the shared memory at any time, or shrink the shared memory region.  The "
"former possibility leaves the local process vulnerable to time-of-check-to-"
"time-of-use race conditions (typically dealt with by copying data from the "
"shared memory region before checking and using it).  The latter possibility "
"leaves the local process vulnerable to B<SIGBUS> signals when an attempt is "
"made to access a now-nonexistent location in the shared memory region.  "
"(Dealing with this possibility necessitates the use of a handler for the "
"B<SIGBUS> signal.)"
msgstr ""
"En l'absence de verrou de fichier, les processus qui communiquent à travers "
"la mémoire partagée doivent soit se faire confiance entre eux, soit prendre "
"des mesures pour gérer la possibilité qu'un pair non fiable manipule la "
"région de mémoire partagée de manière problématique. Par exemple, un pair "
"non fiable pourrait modifier le contenu de la mémoire partagée n'importe "
"quand ou rétrécir la zone de mémoire partagée. La première éventualité rend "
"le processus local vulnérable aux conflits (race conditions) time-of-check-"
"to-time-of-use (généralement gérés en copiant les données de la zone de "
"mémoire partagée avant de les vérifier et de les utiliser). La deuxième "
"éventualité rend le processus local vulnérable aux signaux B<SIGBUS> quand "
"on essaie d'accéder à un emplacement inexistant dans la zone de mémoire "
"partagée (gérer cette éventualité implique d'utiliser un gestionnaire pour "
"le signal B<SIGBUS>)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Dealing with untrusted peers imposes extra complexity on code that employs "
"shared memory.  Memory sealing enables that extra complexity to be "
"eliminated, by allowing a process to operate secure in the knowledge that "
"its peer can't modify the shared memory in an undesired fashion."
msgstr ""
"La gestion de pairs non fiables impose une plus grande complexité du code "
"qui utilise la mémoire partagée. Les verrous mémoire éliminent cette "
"complexité, en permettant à un processus d'agir en toute sécurité en sachant "
"que son pair ne peut pas modifier la mémoire partagée de manière non "
"souhaitée."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "An example of the usage of the sealing mechanism is as follows:"
msgstr "Voici un exemple d'utilisation du mécanisme de verrouillage :"

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(1)"
msgstr "(1)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The first process creates a B<tmpfs>(5)  file using B<memfd_create>().  The "
"call yields a file descriptor used in subsequent steps."
msgstr ""
"Le premier processus crée un fichier B<tmpfs>(5) en utilisant "
"B<memfd_create>(). L'appel donne un descripteur de fichier utilisé dans les "
"étapes ultérieures."

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(2)"
msgstr "(2)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The first process sizes the file created in the previous step using "
"B<ftruncate>(2), maps it using B<mmap>(2), and populates the shared memory "
"with the desired data."
msgstr ""
"Le premier processus dimensionne le fichier créé à l'étape précédente en "
"utilisant B<ftruncate>(2), il le projette en utilisant B<mmap>(2) et il "
"remplit la mémoire partagée avec les données désirées."

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(3)"
msgstr "(3)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The first process uses the B<fcntl>(2)  B<F_ADD_SEALS> operation to place "
"one or more seals on the file, in order to restrict further modifications on "
"the file.  (If placing the seal B<F_SEAL_WRITE>, then it will be necessary "
"to first unmap the shared writable mapping created in the previous step.  "
"Otherwise, behavior similar to B<F_SEAL_WRITE> can be achieved by using "
"B<F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE>, which will prevent future writes via B<mmap>(2)  and "
"B<write>(2)  from succeeding while keeping existing shared writable "
"mappings)."
msgstr ""
"Le premier processus utilise l'opération B<F_ADD_SEALS> de B<fcntl>(2) pour "
"poser un ou plusieurs verrous sur le fichier afin de restreindre des "
"modifications ultérieures (si on pose un verrou B<F_SEAL_WRITE>, il sera "
"nécessaire de désassocier la projection modifiable partagée créée à l'étape "
"précédente. Sinon, on peut obtenir un comportement identique à "
"B<F_SEAL_WRITE> en utilisant B<F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE>, qui empêchera des "
"écritures ultérieures à l'aide de B<mmap>(2) et de B<write>(2), tout en "
"conservant les projections modifiables partagées existantes)."

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(4)"
msgstr "(4)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A second process obtains a file descriptor for the B<tmpfs>(5)  file and "
"maps it.  Among the possible ways in which this could happen are the "
"following:"
msgstr ""
"Un deuxième processus obtient un descripteur de fichier pour le fichier "
"B<tmpfs>(5) et le projette. Parmi les origines possibles de cela, vous "
"trouverez :"

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\[bu]"
msgstr "-"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The process that called B<memfd_create>()  could transfer the resulting file "
"descriptor to the second process via a UNIX domain socket (see B<unix>(7)  "
"and B<cmsg>(3)).  The second process then maps the file using B<mmap>(2)."
msgstr ""
"Le processus qui a appelé B<memfd_create>() a pu transférer le descripteur "
"de fichier consécutif au deuxième processus à l'aide d'un socket de domaine "
"UNIX (voir B<unix>(7) et B<cmsg>(3)). Le deuxième processus projette alors "
"le fichier en utilisant B<mmap>(2)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The second process is created via B<fork>(2)  and thus automatically "
"inherits the file descriptor and mapping.  (Note that in this case and the "
"next, there is a natural trust relationship between the two processes, since "
"they are running under the same user ID.  Therefore, file sealing would not "
"normally be necessary.)"
msgstr ""
"Le deuxième processus est créé à l'aide de B<fork>(2) et, ainsi, il récupère "
"automatiquement le descripteur de fichier et sa projection (remarquez que "
"dans ce cas et dans le prochain, il existe une relation de confiance "
"naturelle entre les deux processus puisqu'ils tournent sous le même "
"identifiant utilisateur. Donc, un verrou de fichier n'est, en principe, pas "
"nécessaire)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The second process opens the file I</proc/>pidI</fd/>fd, where "
"I<E<lt>pidE<gt>> is the PID of the first process (the one that called "
"B<memfd_create>()), and I<E<lt>fdE<gt>> is the number of the file descriptor "
"returned by the call to B<memfd_create>()  in that process.  The second "
"process then maps the file using B<mmap>(2)."
msgstr ""
"Le deuxième processus ouvre le fichier I</proc/>pidI</fd/>fd où "
"I<E<lt>pidE<gt>> est l'identifiant de processus du premier processus (celui "
"qui a appelé B<memfd_create>()) et I<E<lt>fdE<gt>> est le numéro du "
"descripteur de fichier renvoyé par l'appel à B<memfd_create> dans ce "
"processus. Le deuxième processus projette ensuite le fichier en utilisant "
"B<mmap>(2)."

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(5)"
msgstr "(5)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The second process uses the B<fcntl>(2)  B<F_GET_SEALS> operation to "
"retrieve the bit mask of seals that has been applied to the file.  This bit "
"mask can be inspected in order to determine what kinds of restrictions have "
"been placed on file modifications.  If desired, the second process can apply "
"further seals to impose additional restrictions (so long as the "
"B<F_SEAL_SEAL> seal has not yet been applied)."
msgstr ""
"Le deuxième processus utilise l'opération B<F_GET_SEALS> de B<fcntl>(2) pour "
"récupérer le masque de bits de verrous appliqué au fichier. Ce masque peut "
"être examiné pour déterminer le type de restrictions posées aux "
"modifications du fichier. Si vous le souhaitez, le deuxième processus peut "
"appliquer des verrous supplémentaires pour imposer d'autres restrictions "
"(tant que le verrou B<F_SEAL_SEAL> n'a pas encore été appliqué)."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "EXAMPLES"
msgstr "EXEMPLES"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Below are shown two example programs that demonstrate the use of "
"B<memfd_create>()  and the file sealing API."
msgstr ""
"Voici deux exemples de programme montrant l'utilisation de B<memfd_create>() "
"et de l'API de verrou de fichier."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The first program, I<t_memfd_create.c>, creates a B<tmpfs>(5)  file using "
"B<memfd_create>(), sets a size for the file, maps it into memory, and "
"optionally places some seals on the file.  The program accepts up to three "
"command-line arguments, of which the first two are required.  The first "
"argument is the name to associate with the file, the second argument is the "
"size to be set for the file, and the optional third argument is a string of "
"characters that specify seals to be set on the file."
msgstr ""
"Le premier programme, I<t_memfd_create.c>, crée un fichier B<tmpfs>(5) en "
"utilisant B<memfd_create>(), donne une taille au fichier, le projette en "
"mémoire et, en option, pose des verrous sur le fichier. Le programme accepte "
"jusqu'à trois paramètres en ligne de commande, dont les deux premiers sont "
"requis. Le premier paramètre est le nom à donner au fichier, le deuxième est "
"la taille à lui donner, le troisième, optionnel, est une chaîne de "
"caractères qui indique les verrous à poser sur le fichier."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The second program, I<t_get_seals.c>, can be used to open an existing file "
"that was created via B<memfd_create>()  and inspect the set of seals that "
"have been applied to that file."
msgstr ""
"Le deuxième programme, I<t_get_seals.c>, peut être utilisé pour ouvrir un "
"fichier existant créé à l'aide de B<memfd_create>() et examiner les verrous "
"qui y sont posés."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The following shell session demonstrates the use of these programs.  First "
"we create a B<tmpfs>(5)  file and set some seals on it:"
msgstr ""
"La session d'interpréteur suivant montre l'utilisation de ces programmes. "
"Nous créons d'abord un fichier B<tmpfs>(5) et nous posons des verrous "
"dessus :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ B<./t_memfd_create my_memfd_file 4096 sw &>\n"
"[1] 11775\n"
"PID: 11775; fd: 3; /proc/11775/fd/3\n"
msgstr ""
"$ B<./t_memfd_create my_memfd_file 4096 sw &>\n"
"[1] 11775\n"
"PID: 11775; fd: 3; /proc/11775/fd/3\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"At this point, the I<t_memfd_create> program continues to run in the "
"background.  From another program, we can obtain a file descriptor for the "
"file created by B<memfd_create>()  by opening the I</proc/>pidI</fd> file "
"that corresponds to the file descriptor opened by B<memfd_create>().  Using "
"that pathname, we inspect the content of the I</proc/>pidI</fd> symbolic "
"link, and use our I<t_get_seals> program to view the seals that have been "
"placed on the file:"
msgstr ""
"À ce moment, le programme I<t_memfd_create> continue à s'exécuter en tâche "
"de fond. À partir d'un autre programme, nous pouvons obtenir un descripteur "
"de fichier pour le fichier créé par B<memfd_create>() en ouvrant I</proc/"
">pidI</fd> qui correspond au descripteur de fichier ouvert par "
"B<memfd_create>(). En utilisant ce chemin, nous examinons le contenu du lien "
"symbolique I</proc/>pidI</fd> et nous utilisons notre programme "
"I<t_get_seals> pour voir les verrous posés sur le fichier :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ B<readlink /proc/11775/fd/3>\n"
"/memfd:my_memfd_file (deleted)\n"
"$ B<./t_get_seals /proc/11775/fd/3>\n"
"Existing seals: WRITE SHRINK\n"
msgstr ""
"$ B<readlink /proc/11775/fd/3>\n"
"/memfd:my_memfd_file (deleted)\n"
"$ B<./t_get_seals /proc/11775/fd/3>\n"
"Verrous existants : WRITE SHRINK\n"

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Program source: t_memfd_create.c"
msgstr "Source du programme : t_memfd_create.c"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>err.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdint.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
"\\&\n"
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int           fd;\n"
"    char          *name, *seals_arg;\n"
"    ssize_t       len;\n"
"    unsigned int  seals;\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (argc E<lt> 3) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s name size [seals]\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\[aq]seals\\[aq] can contain any of the \"\n"
"                \"following characters:\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etg - F_SEAL_GROW\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\ets - F_SEAL_SHRINK\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etw - F_SEAL_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etW - F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etS - F_SEAL_SEAL\\en\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    name = argv[1];\n"
"    len = atoi(argv[2]);\n"
"    seals_arg = argv[3];\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Create an anonymous file in tmpfs; allow seals to be\n"
"       placed on the file. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    fd = memfd_create(name, MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"memfd_create\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Size the file as specified on the command line. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (ftruncate(fd, len) == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"truncate\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    printf(\"PID: %jd; fd: %d; /proc/%jd/fd/%d\\en\",\n"
"           (intmax_t) getpid(), fd, (intmax_t) getpid(), fd);\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Code to map the file and populate the mapping with data\n"
"       omitted. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* If a \\[aq]seals\\[aq] command-line argument was supplied, set some\n"
"       seals on the file. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (seals_arg != NULL) {\n"
"        seals = 0;\n"
"\\&\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]g\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_GROW;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]s\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SHRINK;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]w\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]W\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]S\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SEAL;\n"
"\\&\n"
"        if (fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, seals) == -1)\n"
"            err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"fcntl\");\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Keep running, so that the file created by memfd_create()\n"
"       continues to exist. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    pause();\n"
"\\&\n"
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>err.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdint.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
"\\&\n"
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int           fd;\n"
"    char          *name, *seals_arg;\n"
"    ssize_t       len;\n"
"    unsigned int  seals;\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (argc E<lt> 3) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s name size [seals]\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\[aq]seals\\[aq] peut contenir un des \"\n"
"                \"caractères suivants :\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etg - F_SEAL_GROW\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\ets - F_SEAL_SHRINK\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etw - F_SEAL_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etW - F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etS - F_SEAL_SEAL\\en\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    name = argv[1];\n"
"    len = atoi(argv[2]);\n"
"    seals_arg = argv[3];\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Créer un fichier anonyme dans tmpfs ; permet de poser\n"
"        des verrous sur le fichier. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    fd = memfd_create(name, MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"memfd_create\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Taille du fichier indiquée sur la ligne de commande. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (ftruncate(fd, len) == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"truncate\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    printf(\"PID: %jd; fd: %d; /proc/%jd/fd/%d\\en\",\n"
"           (intmax_t) getpid(), fd, (intmax_t) getpid(), fd);\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Code pour projeter le fichier et remplir la projection\n"
"       avec des données omises. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Si un paramètre \\[aq]seals\\[aq] de la ligne de commande est fourni,\n"
"       poser des verrous sur le fichier. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (seals_arg != NULL) {\n"
"        seals = 0;\n"
"\\&\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]g\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_GROW;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]s\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SHRINK;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]w\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]W\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]S\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SEAL;\n"
"\\&\n"
"        if (fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, seals) == -1)\n"
"            err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"fcntl\");\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Continuer l’exécution pour que le fichier créé par\n"
"       memfd_create() continue à exister. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    pause();\n"
"\\&\n"
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"

#.  SRC END
#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Program source: t_get_seals.c"
msgstr "Source du programme : t_get_seals.c"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>err.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"\\&\n"
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int           fd;\n"
"    unsigned int  seals;\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (argc != 2) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s /proc/PID/fd/FD\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"open\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    seals = fcntl(fd, F_GET_SEALS);\n"
"    if (seals == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"fcntl\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    printf(\"Existing seals:\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_SEAL)\n"
"        printf(\" SEAL\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_GROW)\n"
"        printf(\" GROW\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_WRITE)\n"
"        printf(\" WRITE\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE)\n"
"        printf(\" FUTURE_WRITE\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_SHRINK)\n"
"        printf(\" SHRINK\");\n"
"    printf(\"\\en\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Code to map the file and access the contents of the\n"
"       resulting mapping omitted. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>err.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"\\&\n"
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int           fd;\n"
"    unsigned int  seals;\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (argc != 2) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s /proc/PID/fd/FD\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"open\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    seals = fcntl(fd, F_GET_SEALS);\n"
"    if (seals == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"fcntl\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    printf(\"Verrous existants :\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_SEAL)\n"
"        printf(\" SEAL\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_GROW)\n"
"        printf(\" GROW\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_WRITE)\n"
"        printf(\" WRITE\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE)\n"
"        printf(\" FUTURE_WRITE\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_SHRINK)\n"
"        printf(\" SHRINK\");\n"
"    printf(\"\\en\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Code pour associer le fichier et l'accès au contenu de la\n"
"       projection résultante omise. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"

#.  SRC END
#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr "VOIR AUSSI"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<fcntl>(2), B<ftruncate>(2), B<memfd_secret>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<shmget>(2), "
"B<shm_open>(3)"
msgstr ""
"B<fcntl>(2), B<ftruncate>(2), B<memfd_secret>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<shmget>(2), "
"B<shm_open>(3)"

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-02-05"
msgstr "5 février 2023"

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.03"

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MFD_HUGE_2MB>, B<MFD_HUGE_1GB>, B<...>"
msgstr "B<MFD_HUGE_2MB>, B<MFD_HUGE_1GB>, B<...>"

#. type: SH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "VERSIONS"
msgstr "VERSIONS"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid ""
"The B<memfd_create>()  system call first appeared in Linux 3.17; glibc "
"support was added in glibc 2.27."
msgstr ""
"L'appel système B<memfd_create>() est apparu dans Linux 3.17 ; la prise en "
"charge de la glibc a été ajouté dans la glibc 2.27."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid "The B<memfd_create>()  system call is Linux-specific."
msgstr "L'appel système B<memfd_create>() est spécifique à Linux."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid ""
"The second process opens the file I</proc/E<lt>pidE<gt>/fd/E<lt>fdE<gt>>, "
"where I<E<lt>pidE<gt>> is the PID of the first process (the one that called "
"B<memfd_create>()), and I<E<lt>fdE<gt>> is the number of the file descriptor "
"returned by the call to B<memfd_create>()  in that process.  The second "
"process then maps the file using B<mmap>(2)."
msgstr ""
"Le deuxième processus ouvre le fichier I</proc/E<lt>pidE<gt>/fd/"
"E<lt>fdE<gt>>, où I<E<lt>pidE<gt>> est l'identifiant de processus du premier "
"processus (celui qui a appelé B<memfd_create>()) et I<E<lt>fdE<gt>> est le "
"numéro du descripteur de fichier renvoyé par l'appel à B<memfd_create> dans "
"ce processus. Le deuxième processus projette ensuite le fichier en utilisant "
"B<mmap>(2)."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>err.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdint.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>err.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdint.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int           fd;\n"
"    char          *name, *seals_arg;\n"
"    ssize_t       len;\n"
"    unsigned int  seals;\n"
msgstr ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int           fd;\n"
"    char          *name, *seals_arg;\n"
"    ssize_t       len;\n"
"    unsigned int  seals;\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (argc E<lt> 3) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s name size [seals]\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\[aq]seals\\[aq] can contain any of the \"\n"
"                \"following characters:\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etg - F_SEAL_GROW\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\ets - F_SEAL_SHRINK\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etw - F_SEAL_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etW - F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etS - F_SEAL_SEAL\\en\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""
"    if (argc E<lt> 3) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s name size [seals]\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\[aq]seals\\[aq] peut contenir un des \"\n"
"                \"caractères suivants :\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etg - F_SEAL_GROW\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\ets - F_SEAL_SHRINK\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etw - F_SEAL_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etW - F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etS - F_SEAL_SEAL\\en\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    name = argv[1];\n"
"    len = atoi(argv[2]);\n"
"    seals_arg = argv[3];\n"
msgstr ""
"    name = argv[1];\n"
"    len = atoi(argv[2]);\n"
"    seals_arg = argv[3];\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    /* Create an anonymous file in tmpfs; allow seals to be\n"
"       placed on the file. */\n"
msgstr ""
"    /* Créer un fichier anonyme dans tmpfs ; permet de poser\n"
"        des verrous sur le fichier. */\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    fd = memfd_create(name, MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"memfd_create\");\n"
msgstr ""
"    fd = memfd_create(name, MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"memfd_create\");\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "    /* Size the file as specified on the command line. */\n"
msgstr "    /* Taille du fichier indiquée sur la ligne de commande. */\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (ftruncate(fd, len) == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"truncate\");\n"
msgstr ""
"    if (ftruncate(fd, len) == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"truncate\");\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    printf(\"PID: %jd; fd: %d; /proc/%jd/fd/%d\\en\",\n"
"           (intmax_t) getpid(), fd, (intmax_t) getpid(), fd);\n"
msgstr ""
"    printf(\"PID: %jd; fd: %d; /proc/%jd/fd/%d\\en\",\n"
"           (intmax_t) getpid(), fd, (intmax_t) getpid(), fd);\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    /* Code to map the file and populate the mapping with data\n"
"       omitted. */\n"
msgstr ""
"    /* Code pour projeter le fichier et remplir la projection\n"
"       avec des données omises. */\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    /* If a \\[aq]seals\\[aq] command-line argument was supplied, set some\n"
"       seals on the file. */\n"
msgstr ""
"    /* Si un paramètre \\[aq]seals\\[aq] de la ligne de commande est fourni,\n"
"       poser des verrous sur le fichier. */\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (seals_arg != NULL) {\n"
"        seals = 0;\n"
msgstr ""
"    if (seals_arg != NULL) {\n"
"        seals = 0;\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]g\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_GROW;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]s\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SHRINK;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]w\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]W\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]S\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SEAL;\n"
msgstr ""
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]g\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_GROW;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]s\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SHRINK;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]w\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]W\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]S\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SEAL;\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"        if (fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, seals) == -1)\n"
"            err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"fcntl\");\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""
"        if (fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, seals) == -1)\n"
"            err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"fcntl\");\n"
"    }\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    /* Keep running, so that the file created by memfd_create()\n"
"       continues to exist. */\n"
msgstr ""
"    /* Continuer l’exécution pour que le fichier créé par\n"
"       memfd_create() continue à exister. */\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "    pause();\n"
msgstr "    pause();\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>err.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>err.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int           fd;\n"
"    unsigned int  seals;\n"
msgstr ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int           fd;\n"
"    unsigned int  seals;\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (argc != 2) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s /proc/PID/fd/FD\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""
"    if (argc != 2) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s /proc/PID/fd/FD\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"open\");\n"
msgstr ""
"    fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"open\");\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    seals = fcntl(fd, F_GET_SEALS);\n"
"    if (seals == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"fcntl\");\n"
msgstr ""
"    seals = fcntl(fd, F_GET_SEALS);\n"
"    if (seals == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"fcntl\");\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    printf(\"Existing seals:\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_SEAL)\n"
"        printf(\" SEAL\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_GROW)\n"
"        printf(\" GROW\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_WRITE)\n"
"        printf(\" WRITE\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE)\n"
"        printf(\" FUTURE_WRITE\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_SHRINK)\n"
"        printf(\" SHRINK\");\n"
"    printf(\"\\en\");\n"
msgstr ""
"    printf(\"Verrous existants :\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_SEAL)\n"
"        printf(\" SEAL\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_GROW)\n"
"        printf(\" GROW\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_WRITE)\n"
"        printf(\" WRITE\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE)\n"
"        printf(\" FUTURE_WRITE\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_SHRINK)\n"
"        printf(\" SHRINK\");\n"
"    printf(\"\\en\");\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    /* Code to map the file and access the contents of the\n"
"       resulting mapping omitted. */\n"
msgstr ""
"    /* Code pour associer le fichier et l'accès au contenu de la\n"
"       projection résultante omise. */\n"

#. type: TH
#: fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-10-31"
msgstr "31 octobre 2023"

#. type: TH
#: fedora-40 mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.06"

#. type: Plain text
#: fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>err.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdint.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
"\\&\n"
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int           fd;\n"
"    char          *name, *seals_arg;\n"
"    ssize_t       len;\n"
"    unsigned int  seals;\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (argc E<lt> 3) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s name size [seals]\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\[aq]seals\\[aq] can contain any of the \"\n"
"                \"following characters:\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etg - F_SEAL_GROW\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\ets - F_SEAL_SHRINK\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etw - F_SEAL_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etW - F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etS - F_SEAL_SEAL\\en\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    name = argv[1];\n"
"    len = atoi(argv[2]);\n"
"    seals_arg = argv[3];\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Create an anonymous file in tmpfs; allow seals to be\n"
"       placed on the file. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    fd = memfd_create(name, MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"memfd_create\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Size the file as specified on the command line. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (ftruncate(fd, len) == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"truncate\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    printf(\"PID: %jd; fd: %d; /proc/%jd/fd/%d\\en\",\n"
"           (intmax_t) getpid(), fd, (intmax_t) getpid(), fd);\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Code to map the file and populate the mapping with data\n"
"       omitted. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* If a \\[aq]seals\\[aq] command-line argument was supplied, set some\n"
"       seals on the file. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (seals_arg != NULL) {\n"
"        seals = 0;\n"
"\\&\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]g\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_GROW;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]s\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SHRINK;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]w\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]W\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]S\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SEAL;\n"
"\\&\n"
"        if (fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, seals) == -1)\n"
"            err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"fcntl\");\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Keep running, so that the file created by memfd_create()\n"
"       continues to exist. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    pause();\n"
"\\&\n"
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>err.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdint.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
"\\&\n"
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int           fd;\n"
"    char          *name, *seals_arg;\n"
"    ssize_t       len;\n"
"    unsigned int  seals;\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (argc E<lt> 3) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s name size [seals]\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\[aq]seals\\[aq] peut contenir un des \"\n"
"                \"caractères suivants :\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etg - F_SEAL_GROW\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\ets - F_SEAL_SHRINK\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etw - F_SEAL_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etW - F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etS - F_SEAL_SEAL\\en\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    name = argv[1];\n"
"    len = atoi(argv[2]);\n"
"    seals_arg = argv[3];\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Créer un fichier anonyme dans tmpfs ; permet de poser\n"
"        des verrous sur le fichier. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    fd = memfd_create(name, MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"memfd_create\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Taille du fichier indiquée sur la ligne de commande. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (ftruncate(fd, len) == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"truncate\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    printf(\"PID: %jd; fd: %d; /proc/%jd/fd/%d\\en\",\n"
"           (intmax_t) getpid(), fd, (intmax_t) getpid(), fd);\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Code pour projeter le fichier et remplir la projection\n"
"       avec des données omises. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Si un paramètre \\[aq]seals\\[aq] de la ligne de commande est fourni,\n"
"       poser des verrous sur le fichier. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (seals_arg != NULL) {\n"
"        seals = 0;\n"
"\\&\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]g\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_GROW;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]s\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SHRINK;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]w\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]W\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]S\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SEAL;\n"
"\\&\n"
"        if (fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, seals) == -1)\n"
"            err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"fcntl\");\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Continuer l’exécution pour que le fichier créé par\n"
"       memfd_create() continue à exister. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    pause();\n"
"\\&\n"
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"

#. type: TH
#: fedora-rawhide
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.7"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-04-03"
msgstr "3 avril 2023"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.04"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux (non publiées)"