# French translation of manpages
# This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package.
# Copyright © of this file:
# Christophe Blaess <https://www.blaess.fr/christophe/>, 1996-2003.
# Stéphan Rafin <stephan.rafin@laposte.net>, 2002.
# Thierry Vignaud <tvignaud@mandriva.com>, 1999,2002.
# François Micaux, 2002.
# Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>, 2003-2008.
# Jean-Philippe Guérard <fevrier@tigreraye.org>, 2005-2006.
# Jean-Luc Coulon (f5ibh) <jean-luc.coulon@wanadoo.fr>, 2006-2007.
# Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org>, 2006-2007.
# Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com>, 2006-2008.
# Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>, 2006-2008.
# Florentin Duneau <fduneau@gmail.com>, 2006-2010.
# Simon Paillard <simon.paillard@resel.enst-bretagne.fr>, 2006, 2012-2014.
# Denis Barbier <barbier@debian.org>, 2006,2010.
# David Prévot <david@tilapin.org>, 2010-2014.
# Jean-Philippe MENGUAL <jpmengual@debian.org>, 2020-2023.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: manpages-l10n\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-01 17:01+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-03-09 16:49+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Jean-Philippe MENGUAL <jpmengual@debian.org>\n"
"Language-Team: French <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>\n"
"Language: fr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 2.0\n"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "mmap"
msgstr "mmap"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-10-31"
msgstr "31 octobre 2023"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.06"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr "NOM"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "mmap, munmap - map or unmap files or devices into memory"
msgstr ""
"mmap, munmap - Établir/supprimer une projection en mémoire (map/unmap) des "
"fichiers ou des périphériques"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "LIBRARY"
msgstr "BIBLIOTHÈQUE"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Standard C library (I<libc>, I<-lc>)"
msgstr "Bibliothèque C standard (I<libc>, I<-lc>)"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SYNOPSIS"
msgstr "SYNOPSIS"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<void *mmap(void >I<addr>B<[.>I<length>B<], size_t >I<length>B<, int >I<prot>B<, int >I<flags>B<,>\n"
"B<           int >I<fd>B<, off_t >I<offset>B<);>\n"
"B<int munmap(void >I<addr>B<[.>I<length>B<], size_t >I<length>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""
"B<void *mmap(void >I<addr>B<[.>I<length>B<], size_t >I<length>B<, int >I<prot>B<, int >I<flags>B<,>\n"
"B<           int >I<fd>B<, off_t >I<offset>B<);>\n"
"B<int munmap(void >I<addr>B<[.>I<length>B<], size_t >I<length>B<);>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "See NOTES for information on feature test macro requirements."
msgstr ""
"Consultez la section NOTES pour plus d'informations sur les exigences de la "
"macro de test de fonctionnalité."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr "DESCRIPTION"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<mmap>()  creates a new mapping in the virtual address space of the calling "
"process.  The starting address for the new mapping is specified in I<addr>.  "
"The I<length> argument specifies the length of the mapping (which must be "
"greater than 0)."
msgstr ""
"B<mmap>() crée une nouvelle projection dans l'espace d'adressage virtuel du "
"processus appelant. L'adresse de démarrage de la nouvelle projection est "
"indiquée dans I<addr>. Le paramètre I<length> indique la longueur de la "
"projection (qui doit être supérieure à B<0>)."

#.  Before Linux 2.6.24, the address was rounded up to the next page
#.  boundary; since Linux 2.6.24, it is rounded down!
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If I<addr> is NULL, then the kernel chooses the (page-aligned) address at "
"which to create the mapping; this is the most portable method of creating a "
"new mapping.  If I<addr> is not NULL, then the kernel takes it as a hint "
"about where to place the mapping; on Linux, the kernel will pick a nearby "
"page boundary (but always above or equal to the value specified by I</proc/"
"sys/vm/mmap_min_addr>)  and attempt to create the mapping there.  If another "
"mapping already exists there, the kernel picks a new address that may or may "
"not depend on the hint.  The address of the new mapping is returned as the "
"result of the call."
msgstr ""
"Si I<addr> est NULL, le noyau choisit l'adresse (alignée sur une page) à "
"laquelle démarrer la projection\\ ; c'est la méthode la plus portable pour "
"créer une nouvelle projection. Si I<addr> n'est pas NULL, le noyau le "
"considère comme une indication sur l'endroit où placer la projection\\ ; "
"sous Linux, elle sera placée à une frontière de page proche (mais toujours "
"supérieure ou égale à la valeur indiquée par I</proc/sys/vm/mmap_min_addr>) "
"et tente d'y créer la projection. Si une projection y existe déjà, le noyau "
"prend une nouvelle adresse qui peut ou pas dépendre de l'indication. "
"L'adresse de la nouvelle projection est renvoyée comme résultat de l'appel."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The contents of a file mapping (as opposed to an anonymous mapping; see "
"B<MAP_ANONYMOUS> below), are initialized using I<length> bytes starting at "
"offset I<offset> in the file (or other object) referred to by the file "
"descriptor I<fd>.  I<offset> must be a multiple of the page size as returned "
"by I<sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE)>."
msgstr ""
"Le contenu d'une projection de fichier (par opposition à une projection "
"anonyme\\ ; voir ci-dessous B<MAP_ANONYMOUS>) est initialisé avec I<length> "
"octets à partir de la position I<offset> dans le fichier (ou autre objet) "
"correspondant au descripteur de fichier I<fd>. I<offset> doit être un "
"multiple de la taille de la page renvoyée par I<sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE)>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"After the B<mmap>()  call has returned, the file descriptor, I<fd>, can be "
"closed immediately without invalidating the mapping."
msgstr ""
"Après le retour de l'appel B<mmap>(), le descripteur de fichier I<fd> peut "
"être fermé immédiatement sans invalider la projection."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<prot> argument describes the desired memory protection of the mapping "
"(and must not conflict with the open mode of the file).  It is either "
"B<PROT_NONE> or the bitwise OR of one or more of the following flags:"
msgstr ""
"L'argument I<prot> indique la protection que l'on désire pour cette zone de "
"mémoire et ne doit pas entrer en conflit avec le mode d'ouverture du "
"fichier. Il s'agit soit de B<PROT_NONE> (le contenu de la mémoire est "
"inaccessible) soit d'un OU binaire entre les constantes suivantes\\ :"

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PROT_EXEC>"
msgstr "B<PROT_EXEC>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Pages may be executed."
msgstr "Il est possible d'exécuter les pages."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PROT_READ>"
msgstr "B<PROT_READ>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Pages may be read."
msgstr "Il est possible de lire les pages."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PROT_WRITE>"
msgstr "B<PROT_WRITE>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Pages may be written."
msgstr "Il est possible d'écrire les pages."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PROT_NONE>"
msgstr "B<PROT_NONE>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Pages may not be accessed."
msgstr "Il n'est pas possible d'accéder aux pages."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "The flags argument"
msgstr "Le paramètre des attributs"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<flags> argument determines whether updates to the mapping are visible "
"to other processes mapping the same region, and whether updates are carried "
"through to the underlying file.  This behavior is determined by including "
"exactly one of the following values in I<flags>:"
msgstr ""
"Le paramètre I<flags> détermine si les modifications de la projection sont "
"visibles depuis les autres processus projetant la même région et si les "
"modifications sont appliquées au fichier sous-jacent. Ce comportement est "
"déterminé en incluant exactement une des valeurs suivantes dans I<flags>\\ :"

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_SHARED>"
msgstr "B<MAP_SHARED>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Share this mapping.  Updates to the mapping are visible to other processes "
"mapping the same region, and (in the case of file-backed mappings)  are "
"carried through to the underlying file.  (To precisely control when updates "
"are carried through to the underlying file requires the use of B<msync>(2).)"
msgstr ""
"Partager la projection. Les modifications de la projection sont visibles "
"dans les autres processus qui projettent la même région et (en cas de "
"projection file-backed) elles sont appliquées au fichier sous-jacent (pour "
"contrôler précisément le moment des mises à jour du fichier sous-jacent, il "
"faut utiliser B<msync>(2))."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE> (since Linux 4.15)"
msgstr "B<MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE> (depuis Linux 4.15)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This flag provides the same behavior as B<MAP_SHARED> except that "
"B<MAP_SHARED> mappings ignore unknown flags in I<flags>.  By contrast, when "
"creating a mapping using B<MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE>, the kernel verifies all "
"passed flags are known and fails the mapping with the error B<EOPNOTSUPP> "
"for unknown flags.  This mapping type is also required to be able to use "
"some mapping flags (e.g., B<MAP_SYNC>)."
msgstr ""
"Cet attribut apporte le même comportement que B<MAP_SHARED> sauf que les "
"projections B<MAP_SHARED> ignorent les attributs inconnus dans I<flags>. Au "
"contraire, lors de la création d'une projection en utilisant "
"B<MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE>, le noyau vérifie que tous les attributs passés sont "
"connus et il fait échouer la projection avec l'erreur B<EOPNOTSUPP> pour les "
"attributs inconnus. Ce type de projection est aussi nécessaire pour pouvoir "
"utiliser certains attributs de projection (comme B<MAP_SYNC>)."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_PRIVATE>"
msgstr "B<MAP_PRIVATE>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Create a private copy-on-write mapping.  Updates to the mapping are not "
"visible to other processes mapping the same file, and are not carried "
"through to the underlying file.  It is unspecified whether changes made to "
"the file after the B<mmap>()  call are visible in the mapped region."
msgstr ""
"Créer une projection privée, utilisant la méthode de copie à l'écriture. Les "
"modifications de la projection ne sont pas visibles depuis les autres "
"processus projetant le même fichier, et ne modifient pas le fichier lui-"
"même. Il n'est pas précisé si les changements effectués dans le fichier "
"après l'appel B<mmap>() seront visibles dans la région projetée."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Both B<MAP_SHARED> and B<MAP_PRIVATE> are described in POSIX.1-2001 and "
"POSIX.1-2008.  B<MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE> is a Linux extension."
msgstr ""
"B<MAP_SHARED> et B<MAP_PRIVATE> sont décrits dans POSIX.1-2001 et "
"POSIX.1-2008. B<MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE> est une extension Linux."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In addition, zero or more of the following values can be ORed in I<flags>:"
msgstr ""
"De plus, zéro ou plus des valeurs suivantes peuvent être incluses dans "
"I<flags> (avec un OU binaire)\\ :"

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_32BIT> (since Linux 2.4.20, 2.6)"
msgstr "B<MAP_32BIT> (depuis Linux 2.4.20, 2.6)"

#.  See http://lwn.net/Articles/294642 "Tangled up in threads", 19 Aug 08
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Put the mapping into the first 2 Gigabytes of the process address space.  "
"This flag is supported only on x86-64, for 64-bit programs.  It was added to "
"allow thread stacks to be allocated somewhere in the first 2\\ GB of memory, "
"so as to improve context-switch performance on some early 64-bit "
"processors.  Modern x86-64 processors no longer have this performance "
"problem, so use of this flag is not required on those systems.  The "
"B<MAP_32BIT> flag is ignored when B<MAP_FIXED> is set."
msgstr ""
"Placer la projection dans les deux premiers gigaoctets de l'espace "
"d'adressage du processus. Cet attribut n'est pris en charge que sous x86-64, "
"pour les programmes 64 bits. Il a été ajouté pour permettre à la pile d'un "
"fil d'exécution d'être allouée dans les deux premiers gigaoctets de mémoire, "
"afin d'améliorer les performances des changements de contexte sur les "
"premiers processeurs 64 bits. Les processeurs x86-64 modernes n'ont plus ces "
"problèmes de performance, donc l'utilisation de cet attribut n'est pas "
"nécessaire sur ces systèmes. L'attribut B<MAP_32BIT> est ignoré quand "
"B<MAP_FIXED> est positionné."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_ANON>"
msgstr "B<MAP_ANON>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Synonym for B<MAP_ANONYMOUS>; provided for compatibility with other "
"implementations."
msgstr ""
"Synonyme de B<MAP_ANONYMOUS> ; fourni pour une compatibilité avec d'autres "
"implémentations."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_ANONYMOUS>"
msgstr "B<MAP_ANONYMOUS>"

#.  See the pgoff overflow check in do_mmap().
#.  See the offset check in sys_mmap in arch/x86/kernel/sys_x86_64.c.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The mapping is not backed by any file; its contents are initialized to "
"zero.  The I<fd> argument is ignored; however, some implementations require "
"I<fd> to be -1 if B<MAP_ANONYMOUS> (or B<MAP_ANON>)  is specified, and "
"portable applications should ensure this.  The I<offset> argument should be "
"zero.  Support for B<MAP_ANONYMOUS> in conjunction with B<MAP_SHARED> was "
"added in Linux 2.4."
msgstr ""
"La projection n'est prise en charge par aucun fichier\\ ; son contenu est "
"initialisé à B<0>. L'argument I<fd> est ignoré\\ ; cependant, certaines "
"implémentations demandent que I<fd> soit B<-1> si B<MAP_ANONYMOUS> (ou "
"B<MAP_ANON>) est utilisé, et les applications portables doivent donc s'en "
"assurer. L'argument I<offset> devrait être B<0>. La prise en charge de "
"B<MAP_ANONYMOUS> avec B<MAP_SHARED> a été ajoutée dans Linux 2.4."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_DENYWRITE>"
msgstr "B<MAP_DENYWRITE>"

#.  Introduced in 1.1.36, removed in 1.3.24.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This flag is ignored.  (Long ago\\[em]Linux 2.0 and earlier\\[em]it signaled "
"that attempts to write to the underlying file should fail with B<ETXTBSY>.  "
"But this was a source of denial-of-service attacks.)"
msgstr ""
"Cet attribut est ignoré (autrefois — Linux 2.0 et antérieur — il signalait "
"une tentative d'écriture dans le fichier sous-jacent et qui échouait avec "
"l'erreur B<ETXTBUSY>. Mais cela permettait des attaques par déni de service)."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_EXECUTABLE>"
msgstr "B<MAP_EXECUTABLE>"

#.  Introduced in 1.1.38, removed in 1.3.24. Flag tested in proc_follow_link.
#.  (Long ago, it signaled that the underlying file is an executable.
#.  However, that information was not really used anywhere.)
#.  Linus talked about DOS related to MAP_EXECUTABLE, but he was thinking of
#.  MAP_DENYWRITE?
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "This flag is ignored."
msgstr "Cet attribut est ignoré."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_FILE>"
msgstr "B<MAP_FILE>"

#.  On some systems, this was required as the opposite of
#.  MAP_ANONYMOUS -- mtk, 1 May 2007
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Compatibility flag.  Ignored."
msgstr "Attribut pour compatibilité. Ignoré."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_FIXED>"
msgstr "B<MAP_FIXED>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Don't interpret I<addr> as a hint: place the mapping at exactly that "
"address.  I<addr> must be suitably aligned: for most architectures a "
"multiple of the page size is sufficient; however, some architectures may "
"impose additional restrictions.  If the memory region specified by I<addr> "
"and I<length> overlaps pages of any existing mapping(s), then the overlapped "
"part of the existing mapping(s) will be discarded.  If the specified address "
"cannot be used, B<mmap>()  will fail."
msgstr ""
"Ne pas considérer I<addr> comme une indication\\ : n'utiliser que l'adresse "
"indiquée. I<addr> doit être correctement alignée : pour la plupart des "
"architectures, un multiple de la taille de page suffit, toutefois certaines "
"architectures imposent des limitations supplémentaires. Si la zone mémoire "
"indiquée par I<addr> et I<length> recouvre des pages d'une projection "
"existante, la partie recouverte de la projection existante sera ignorée. Si "
"l'adresse indiquée ne peut être utilisée, B<mmap>() échouera."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Software that aspires to be portable should use the B<MAP_FIXED> flag with "
"care, keeping in mind that the exact layout of a process's memory mappings "
"is allowed to change significantly between Linux versions, C library "
"versions, and operating system releases.  I<Carefully read the discussion of "
"this flag in NOTES!>"
msgstr ""
"Les logiciels qui aspirent à la portabilité devraient utiliser l'attribut "
"B<MAP_FIXED> prudemment, en gardant à l'esprit que l'aspect exact des "
"projections de mémoire du processus est autorisé à changer significativement "
"entre les versions de Linux, de la glibc et du système d'exploitation. "
"I<Lisez attentivement le point sur cet attribut dans les NOTES !>"

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE> (since Linux 4.17)"
msgstr "B<MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE> (depuis Linux 4.17)"

#.  commit a4ff8e8620d3f4f50ac4b41e8067b7d395056843
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This flag provides behavior that is similar to B<MAP_FIXED> with respect to "
"the I<addr> enforcement, but differs in that B<MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE> never "
"clobbers a preexisting mapped range.  If the requested range would collide "
"with an existing mapping, then this call fails with the error B<EEXIST.> "
"This flag can therefore be used as a way to atomically (with respect to "
"other threads) attempt to map an address range: one thread will succeed; all "
"others will report failure."
msgstr ""
"Cet attribut offre un comportement identique à B<MAP_FIXED> par rapport à "
"l'application de I<addr>, mais il s'en distingue en ce que "
"B<MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE> n’écrase jamais une plage projetée existante. Si la "
"plage demandée entre en conflit avec une projection existante, cet appel "
"échoue avec l'erreur B<EEXIST.> Cet attribut peut donc être utilisé comme "
"une façon d'essayer de projeter une plage d'adresses de manière atomique "
"(vis-à-vis d'autres fils d'exécutions) : un thread réussira, tous les autres "
"signaleront un échec."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Note that older kernels which do not recognize the B<MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE> "
"flag will typically (upon detecting a collision with a preexisting mapping)  "
"fall back to a \\[lq]non-B<MAP_FIXED>\\[rq] type of behavior: they will "
"return an address that is different from the requested address.  Therefore, "
"backward-compatible software should check the returned address against the "
"requested address."
msgstr ""
"Remarquez que les anciens noyaux qui ne reconnaissent pas l'attribut "
"B<MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE> se rabattront généralement (en détectant une "
"collision avec une projection existante) sur un type de comportement « sans "
"B<MAP_FIXED> » : ils renverront une adresse différente de celle demandée. "
"Les logiciels rétro-compatibles devront donc vérifier l'adresse renvoyée vis-"
"à-vis de l'adresse demandée."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_GROWSDOWN>"
msgstr "B<MAP_GROWSDOWN>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This flag is used for stacks.  It indicates to the kernel virtual memory "
"system that the mapping should extend downward in memory.  The return "
"address is one page lower than the memory area that is actually created in "
"the process's virtual address space.  Touching an address in the \"guard\" "
"page below the mapping will cause the mapping to grow by a page.  This "
"growth can be repeated until the mapping grows to within a page of the high "
"end of the next lower mapping, at which point touching the \"guard\" page "
"will result in a B<SIGSEGV> signal."
msgstr ""
"Cet attribut est utilisé pour les piles. Il indique au noyau le système de "
"mémoire virtuelle vers lequel la projection devrait descendre dans la "
"mémoire. L'adresse renvoyée est une page inférieure à la zone de mémoire "
"créée dans l'espace d'adressage virtuel du processus. La modification d'une "
"adresse dans la page de « garde » sous la projection fera agrandir la "
"projection d’une page. Cette croissance peut se répéter jusqu'à ce que la "
"taille de la projection dans la page atteigne l’extrémité haute de la "
"projection plus basse suivante, point où la modification de la page de "
"« garde » donnera un signal B<SIGSEGV>."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_HUGETLB> (since Linux 2.6.32)"
msgstr "B<MAP_HUGETLB> (depuis Linux 2.6.32)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Allocate the mapping using \"huge\" pages.  See the Linux kernel source file "
"I<Documentation/admin-guide/mm/hugetlbpage.rst> for further information, as "
"well as NOTES, below."
msgstr ""
"Allouer la projection à l'aide de « pages immenses ». Consultez le fichier "
"I<Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt> des sources du noyau Linux pour plus "
"d'informations ainsi que les NOTES ci-dessous."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_HUGE_2MB>"
msgstr "B<MAP_HUGE_2MB>"

#. type: TQ
#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_HUGE_1GB> (since Linux 3.8)"
msgstr "B<MAP_HUGE_1GB> (depuis Linux 3.8)"

#.  See https://lwn.net/Articles/533499/
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Used in conjunction with B<MAP_HUGETLB> to select alternative hugetlb page "
"sizes (respectively, 2\\ MB and 1\\ GB)  on systems that support multiple "
"hugetlb page sizes."
msgstr ""
"Utilisé avec B<MAP_HUGETLB> pour sélectionner d'autres tailles de pages "
"immenses (hugetlb) (respectivement 2 Mo et 1 Go) sur les systèmes qui gèrent "
"plusieurs tailles de page hugetlb."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"More generally, the desired huge page size can be configured by encoding the "
"base-2 logarithm of the desired page size in the six bits at the offset "
"B<MAP_HUGE_SHIFT>.  (A value of zero in this bit field provides the default "
"huge page size; the default huge page size can be discovered via the "
"I<Hugepagesize> field exposed by I</proc/meminfo>.)  Thus, the above two "
"constants are defined as:"
msgstr ""
"Plus généralement, la taille de la page immense souhaitée peut être "
"configurée en encodant le logarithme de base 2 de la taille de la page "
"désirée dans les six bits situés sur B<MAP_HUGE_SHIFT> (une valeur de zéro "
"dans ce champ de bit fournit la taille de page immense par défaut ; vous "
"pouvez connaître celle-ci à l'aide du champ I<Hugepagesize> qui apparaît "
"dans I</proc/meminfo>). Ainsi, les deux constantes ci-dessus sont définies "
"comme suit :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define MAP_HUGE_2MB    (21 E<lt>E<lt> MAP_HUGE_SHIFT)\n"
"#define MAP_HUGE_1GB    (30 E<lt>E<lt> MAP_HUGE_SHIFT)\n"
msgstr ""
"#define MAP_HUGE_2MB    (21 E<lt>E<lt> MAP_HUGE_SHIFT)\n"
"#define MAP_HUGE_1GB    (30 E<lt>E<lt> MAP_HUGE_SHIFT)\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The range of huge page sizes that are supported by the system can be "
"discovered by listing the subdirectories in I</sys/kernel/mm/hugepages>."
msgstr ""
"Vous pouvez connaître l'intervalle de tailles des pages immenses gérées par "
"le système en listant les sous-répertoires de I</sys/kernel/mm/hugepages>."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_LOCKED> (since Linux 2.5.37)"
msgstr "B<MAP_LOCKED> (depuis Linux 2.5.37)"

#.  If set, the mapped pages will not be swapped out.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Mark the mapped region to be locked in the same way as B<mlock>(2).  This "
"implementation will try to populate (prefault) the whole range but the "
"B<mmap>()  call doesn't fail with B<ENOMEM> if this fails.  Therefore major "
"faults might happen later on.  So the semantic is not as strong as "
"B<mlock>(2).  One should use B<mmap>()  plus B<mlock>(2)  when major faults "
"are not acceptable after the initialization of the mapping.  The "
"B<MAP_LOCKED> flag is ignored in older kernels."
msgstr ""
"Marquer la région projetée pour qu'elle soit verrouillée de la même manière "
"que B<mlock>(2). Cette implémentation essaiera de remplir (prefault) toute "
"la plage mais l'appel B<mmap>() n’échouera pas avec B<ENOMEM> si cela "
"échoue. Des erreurs énormes pourraient donc se produire ultérieurement. La "
"sémantique n'est donc pas aussi robuste que B<mlock>(2). Vous devriez "
"utiliser B<mmap>() et B<mlock>(2) si d'énormes erreurs ne sont pas "
"acceptables après l'initialisation de la projection. L'attribut "
"B<MAP_LOCKED> est ignoré sur les anciens noyaux."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_NONBLOCK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
msgstr "B<MAP_NONBLOCK> (depuis Linux 2.5.46)"

#.  commit 54cb8821de07f2ffcd28c380ce9b93d5784b40d7
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This flag is meaningful only in conjunction with B<MAP_POPULATE>.  Don't "
"perform read-ahead: create page tables entries only for pages that are "
"already present in RAM.  Since Linux 2.6.23, this flag causes "
"B<MAP_POPULATE> to do nothing.  One day, the combination of B<MAP_POPULATE> "
"and B<MAP_NONBLOCK> may be reimplemented."
msgstr ""
"Cet attribut n'a de sens qu'en conjonction avec B<MAP_POPULATE>. Ne pas "
"effectuer de lecture anticipée\\ : créer seulement les entrées de tables de "
"page pour les pages déjà présentes en RAM. Depuis Linux 2.6.23, cet attribut "
"fait que B<MAP_POPULATE> n'a aucun effet. Un jour la combinaison de "
"B<MAP_POPULATE> et B<MAP_NONBLOCK> pourra être implémentée de nouveau."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_NORESERVE>"
msgstr "B<MAP_NORESERVE>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Do not reserve swap space for this mapping.  When swap space is reserved, "
"one has the guarantee that it is possible to modify the mapping.  When swap "
"space is not reserved one might get B<SIGSEGV> upon a write if no physical "
"memory is available.  See also the discussion of the file I</proc/sys/vm/"
"overcommit_memory> in B<proc>(5).  Before Linux 2.6, this flag had effect "
"only for private writable mappings."
msgstr ""
"Ne pas réserver d'espace de swap pour les pages de cette projection. Une "
"telle réservation garantit que l'on puisse modifier les zones soumises à une "
"copie-en-écriture. Sans réservation, on peut recevoir un signal B<SIGSEGV> "
"durant une écriture, s'il n'y a plus de place disponible. Consultez "
"également la description du fichier I</proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory> dans "
"la page B<proc>(5). Avant Linux 2.6, cet attribut n'avait d'effet que pour "
"les projections privées modifiables."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_POPULATE> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
msgstr "B<MAP_POPULATE> (depuis Linux 2.5.46)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Populate (prefault) page tables for a mapping.  For a file mapping, this "
"causes read-ahead on the file.  This will help to reduce blocking on page "
"faults later.  The B<mmap>()  call doesn't fail if the mapping cannot be "
"populated (for example, due to limitations on the number of mapped huge "
"pages when using B<MAP_HUGETLB>).  Support for B<MAP_POPULATE> in "
"conjunction with private mappings was added in Linux 2.6.23."
msgstr ""
"Remplir (prefault) les tables de pages pour une projection. Pour une "
"projection de fichier, cela provoque une lecture anticipée du fichier. Les "
"accès ultérieurs à la projection ne seront pas bloqués par des erreurs de "
"pages. L'appel B<mmap> n'échoue pas si la projection ne peut pas être "
"remplie (par exemple à cause de limitation sur le nombre de pages immenses "
"mappées lors de l'utilisation de B<MAP_HUGETLB>). La prise en charge de "
"B<MAP_POPULATE> avec les projections privées a été ajoutée dans Linux 2.6.23."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_STACK> (since Linux 2.6.27)"
msgstr "B<MAP_STACK> (depuis Linux 2.6.27)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Allocate the mapping at an address suitable for a process or thread stack."
msgstr ""
"Allouer la projection à une adresse qui convient à la pile d'un processus ou "
"d'un thread."

#.  See http://lwn.net/Articles/294642 "Tangled up in threads", 19 Aug 08
#.  commit cd98a04a59e2f94fa64d5bf1e26498d27427d5e7
#.  http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/720412
#.  "pthread_create() slow for many threads; also time to revisit 64b
#.   context switch optimization?"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This flag is currently a no-op on Linux.  However, by employing this flag, "
"applications can ensure that they transparently obtain support if the flag "
"is implemented in the future.  Thus, it is used in the glibc threading "
"implementation to allow for the fact that some architectures may (later) "
"require special treatment for stack allocations.  A further reason to employ "
"this flag is portability: B<MAP_STACK> exists (and has an effect) on some "
"other systems (e.g., some of the BSDs)."
msgstr ""
"Cet attribut n'est pas opérationnel pour l'instant sur Linux. Mais son "
"utilisation permet aux applications de s'assurer qu'elles le gèreront de "
"manière transparente s'il est implémenté dans le futur. Ainsi, il est "
"utilisé dans l'implémentation de threading de la glibc pour accepter le fait "
"que certaines architectures pourront (plus tard) nécessiter un traitement "
"spécial pour allouer des piles. Une autre raison d'utiliser cet attribut est "
"la portabilité : B<MAP_STACK> existe et a un effet sur d'autres systèmes "
"(comme certains BSD)."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_SYNC> (since Linux 4.15)"
msgstr "B<MAP_SYNC> (depuis Linux 4.15)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This flag is available only with the B<MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE> mapping type; "
"mappings of type B<MAP_SHARED> will silently ignore this flag.  This flag is "
"supported only for files supporting DAX (direct mapping of persistent "
"memory).  For other files, creating a mapping with this flag results in an "
"B<EOPNOTSUPP> error."
msgstr ""
"Cet attribut n'est possible qu'avec le type de projection "
"B<MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE> ; les projections de type B<MAP_SHARED> ignoreront "
"silencieusement cet attribut. Il n'est pris en charge que pour des fichiers "
"gérant le DAX (projection directe de mémoire persistante). Pour les autres "
"fichiers, créer une projection avec cet attribut provoquera une erreur "
"B<EOPNOTSUPP>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Shared file mappings with this flag provide the guarantee that while some "
"memory is mapped writable in the address space of the process, it will be "
"visible in the same file at the same offset even after the system crashes or "
"is rebooted.  In conjunction with the use of appropriate CPU instructions, "
"this provides users of such mappings with a more efficient way of making "
"data modifications persistent."
msgstr ""
"Les projections de fichier partagé ayant cet attribut fournissent une "
"garantie que tant que la mémoire est projetée avec accès en écriture dans "
"l'espace d'adressage du processus, elle sera visible dans le même fichier et "
"au même endroit même après un plantage ou un redémarrage du système. Couplé "
"à l'utilisation des instructions adéquates du processeur, cela offre aux "
"utilisateurs de telles projections une manière plus efficace de rendre des "
"modifications de données persistantes."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_UNINITIALIZED> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
msgstr "B<MAP_UNINITIALIZED> (depuis Linux 2.6.33)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Don't clear anonymous pages.  This flag is intended to improve performance "
"on embedded devices.  This flag is honored only if the kernel was configured "
"with the B<CONFIG_MMAP_ALLOW_UNINITIALIZED> option.  Because of the security "
"implications, that option is normally enabled only on embedded devices (i."
"e., devices where one has complete control of the contents of user memory)."
msgstr ""
"Ne pas effacer pas les pages anonymes. Cet attribut n'a pour l'instant un "
"effet que si le noyau a été configuré avec l'option "
"B<CONFIG_MMAP_ALLOW_UNINITIALIZED>. À cause des implications sur la "
"sécurité, cette option n'est normalement active que sur des périphériques "
"embarqués (c'est-à-dire avec des périphériques avec lesquels il est possible "
"d'avoir un contrôle total de la mémoire utilisateur)."

#.  FIXME . for later review when Issue 8 is one day released...
#.  POSIX may add MAP_ANON in the future
#.  http://austingroupbugs.net/tag_view_page.php?tag_id=8
#.  http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=850
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Of the above flags, only B<MAP_FIXED> is specified in POSIX.1-2001 and "
"POSIX.1-2008.  However, most systems also support B<MAP_ANONYMOUS> (or its "
"synonym B<MAP_ANON>)."
msgstr ""
"Parmi les attributs ci-dessus, seul B<MAP_FIXED> est spécifié dans "
"POSIX.1-2001 et POSIX.1-2008. Cependant, la plupart des systèmes gèrent "
"aussi B<MAP_ANONYMOUS> (ou son synonyme B<MAP_ANON>)."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "munmap()"
msgstr "munmap()"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<munmap>()  system call deletes the mappings for the specified address "
"range, and causes further references to addresses within the range to "
"generate invalid memory references.  The region is also automatically "
"unmapped when the process is terminated.  On the other hand, closing the "
"file descriptor does not unmap the region."
msgstr ""
"L'appel système B<munmap>() détruit la projection dans la zone de mémoire "
"spécifiée et s'arrange pour que toute référence ultérieure à cette zone "
"mémoire déclenche une erreur d'adressage. La projection est aussi "
"automatiquement détruite lorsque le processus se termine. À l'inverse, la "
"fermeture du descripteur de fichier ne supprime pas la projection."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The address I<addr> must be a multiple of the page size (but I<length> need "
"not be).  All pages containing a part of the indicated range are unmapped, "
"and subsequent references to these pages will generate B<SIGSEGV>.  It is "
"not an error if the indicated range does not contain any mapped pages."
msgstr ""
"L'adresse I<addr> doit être un multiple de la taille de la page (mais ce "
"n'est pas obligatoire pour I<length>). Toutes les pages contenant une partie "
"de l'intervalle indiqué sont libérées, et tout accès ultérieur déclenchera "
"B<SIGSEGV>. Aucune erreur n'est détectée si l'intervalle indiqué ne contient "
"pas de page projetée."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "RETURN VALUE"
msgstr "VALEUR RENVOYÉE"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On success, B<mmap>()  returns a pointer to the mapped area.  On error, the "
"value B<MAP_FAILED> (that is, I<(void\\ *)\\ -1>)  is returned, and I<errno> "
"is set to indicate the error."
msgstr ""
"En cas de succès, B<mmap>() renvoie un pointeur sur la zone projetée. En cas "
"d'échec, la valeur B<MAP_FAILED> (c'est-à-dire I<(void\\ *)\\ -1>) est "
"renvoyée et I<errno> est défini pour indiquer l'erreur."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On success, B<munmap>()  returns 0.  On failure, it returns -1, and I<errno> "
"is set to indicate the error (probably to B<EINVAL>)."
msgstr ""
"S'il réussit, B<munmap>() renvoie B<0>. En cas d'échec, B<-1> est renvoyé et "
"I<errno> est défini pour indiquer l'erreur (probablement B<EINVAL>)."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ERRORS"
msgstr "ERREURS"

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EACCES>"
msgstr "B<EACCES>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A file descriptor refers to a non-regular file.  Or a file mapping was "
"requested, but I<fd> is not open for reading.  Or B<MAP_SHARED> was "
"requested and B<PROT_WRITE> is set, but I<fd> is not open in read/write "
"(B<O_RDWR>)  mode.  Or B<PROT_WRITE> is set, but the file is append-only."
msgstr ""
"Le descripteur ne correspond pas à un fichier normal ou une demande de "
"projection de fichier a été demandée mais I<fd> n'est pas ouvert en lecture, "
"ou une demande de projection partagée B<MAP_SHARED> avec protection "
"B<PROT_WRITE> a été demandée mais I<fd> n'est pas ouvert en lecture et "
"écriture (B<O_RDWR>), ou encore B<PROT_WRITE> est demandé mais le fichier "
"est ouvert en ajout seulement."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EAGAIN>"
msgstr "B<EAGAIN>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The file has been locked, or too much memory has been locked (see "
"B<setrlimit>(2))."
msgstr ""
"Le fichier est verrouillé ou trop de pages ont été verrouillées en mémoire "
"(consultez B<setrlimit>(2))."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EBADF>"
msgstr "B<EBADF>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<fd> is not a valid file descriptor (and B<MAP_ANONYMOUS> was not set)."
msgstr ""
"I<fd> n'est pas un descripteur de fichier valable (et B<MAP_ANONYMOUS> "
"n'était pas précisé)."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EEXIST>"
msgstr "B<EEXIST>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE> was specified in I<flags>, and the range covered by "
"I<addr> and I<length> clashes with an existing mapping."
msgstr ""
"B<MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE> était indiqué dans I<flags> et la plage couverte par "
"I<addr> et I<length> est en conflit avec une projection existante."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EINVAL>"
msgstr "B<EINVAL>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"We don't like I<addr>, I<length>, or I<offset> (e.g., they are too large, or "
"not aligned on a page boundary)."
msgstr ""
"I<addr> ou I<length> ou I<offset> sont non valables (par exemple\\ : zone "
"trop grande, ou non alignée sur une frontière de page)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "(since Linux 2.6.12)  I<length> was 0."
msgstr "(depuis Linux 2.6.12) I<length> est nul."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<flags> contained none of B<MAP_PRIVATE>, B<MAP_SHARED>, or "
"B<MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE>."
msgstr ""
"I<flags> ne contenait ni B<MAP_PRIVATE>, ni B<MAP_SHARED>, ni "
"B<MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE>."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENFILE>"
msgstr "B<ENFILE>"

#.  This is for shared anonymous segments
#.  [2.6.7] shmem_zero_setup()-->shmem_file_setup()-->get_empty_filp()
#.  .TP
#.  .B ENOEXEC
#.  A file could not be mapped for reading.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The system-wide limit on the total number of open files has been reached."
msgstr ""
"La limite du nombre total de fichiers ouverts pour le système entier a été "
"atteinte."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENODEV>"
msgstr "B<ENODEV>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The underlying filesystem of the specified file does not support memory "
"mapping."
msgstr ""
"Le système de fichiers sous\\(hyjacent ne gère pas la projection en mémoire."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOMEM>"
msgstr "B<ENOMEM>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "No memory is available."
msgstr "Aucune mémoire disponible."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The process's maximum number of mappings would have been exceeded.  This "
"error can also occur for B<munmap>(), when unmapping a region in the middle "
"of an existing mapping, since this results in two smaller mappings on either "
"side of the region being unmapped."
msgstr ""
"Le nombre maximal de projections du processus serait dépassé. Cette erreur "
"peut aussi se produire pour B<munmap>() lors de la suppression d'une "
"projection d'une région au milieu d'une projection existante, puisque cela "
"provoque deux régions plus petites de chaque côté de la région à supprimer."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"(since Linux 4.7)  The process's B<RLIMIT_DATA> limit, described in "
"B<getrlimit>(2), would have been exceeded."
msgstr ""
"(Depuis Linux 4.7) La limite B<RLIMIT_DATA> du processus, décrite dans "
"B<getrlimit>(2), serait dépassée."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"We don't like I<addr>, because it exceeds the virtual address space of the "
"CPU."
msgstr ""
"I<addr> n'est pas apprécié parce qu'il dépasse l'espace d'adressage virtuel "
"du processeur "

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EOVERFLOW>"
msgstr "B<EOVERFLOW>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On 32-bit architecture together with the large file extension (i.e., using "
"64-bit I<off_t>): the number of pages used for I<length> plus number of "
"pages used for I<offset> would overflow I<unsigned long> (32 bits)."
msgstr ""
"Sur architecture 32 bits avec l'extension de fichiers très grands (c'est-à-"
"dire utilisant un I<off_t> sur 64 bits) : le nombre de pages utilisées pour "
"I<length> plus le nombre de pages utilisées pour I<offset> dépasserait "
"I<unsigned long> (32 bits)."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EPERM>"
msgstr "B<EPERM>"

#.  (Since Linux 2.4.25 / Linux 2.6.0.)
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<prot> argument asks for B<PROT_EXEC> but the mapped area belongs to a "
"file on a filesystem that was mounted no-exec."
msgstr ""
"L'argument I<prot> a demandé B<PROT_EXEC> mais la zone appartient à un "
"fichier sur un système de fichiers monté sans permission d'exécution."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The operation was prevented by a file seal; see B<fcntl>(2)."
msgstr "La lecture a été interrompue par un signal ; consultez B<fnctl>(2)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
msgid ""
"The B<MAP_HUGETLB> flag was specified, but the caller was not privileged "
"(did not have the B<CAP_IPC_LOCK> capability)  and is not a member of the "
"I<sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group> group; see the description of I</proc/sys/vm/"
"sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group> in B<proc_sys>(5)."
msgstr ""
"L'attribut B<MAP_HUGETLB> était indiqué, mais l'appelant n'était pas "
"priviliégié (il n'avait pas la capacité B<CAP_IPC_LOCK>) et n'est pas membre "
"du groupe I<sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group> ; voir la desription de I</proc/sys/vm/"
"sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group> dans B<proc_sys>(5)."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ETXTBSY>"
msgstr "B<ETXTBSY>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<MAP_DENYWRITE> was set but the object specified by I<fd> is open for "
"writing."
msgstr "B<MAP_DENYWRITE> a été réclamé mais I<fd> est ouvert en écriture."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Use of a mapped region can result in these signals:"
msgstr ""
"L'accès à une zone de projection peut déclencher les signaux suivants\\ :"

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SIGSEGV>"
msgstr "B<SIGSEGV>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Attempted write into a region mapped as read-only."
msgstr "Tentative d'écriture dans une zone en lecture seule."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SIGBUS>"
msgstr "B<SIGBUS>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Attempted access to a page of the buffer that lies beyond the end of the "
"mapped file.  For an explanation of the treatment of the bytes in the page "
"that corresponds to the end of a mapped file that is not a multiple of the "
"page size, see NOTES."
msgstr ""
"Tentative d'accès à une page du tampon au-delà de la fin du fichier projeté. "
"Pour une explication du traitement des octets dans la page correspondant à "
"la fin du fichier projeté n'étant pas un multiple de la taille de la page, "
"voir les NOTES."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ATTRIBUTES"
msgstr "ATTRIBUTS"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see B<attributes>(7)."
msgstr ""
"Pour une explication des termes utilisés dans cette section, consulter "
"B<attributes>(7)."

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Interface"
msgstr "Interface"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Attribute"
msgstr "Attribut"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Value"
msgstr "Valeur"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ".na\n"
msgstr ".na\n"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ".nh\n"
msgstr ".nh\n"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<mmap>(),\n"
"B<munmap>()"
msgstr ""
"B<mmap>(),\n"
"B<munmap>()"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Thread safety"
msgstr "Sécurité des threads"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "MT-Safe"
msgstr "MT-Safe"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "VERSIONS"
msgstr "VERSIONS"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On some hardware architectures (e.g., i386), B<PROT_WRITE> implies "
"B<PROT_READ>.  It is architecture dependent whether B<PROT_READ> implies "
"B<PROT_EXEC> or not.  Portable programs should always set B<PROT_EXEC> if "
"they intend to execute code in the new mapping."
msgstr ""
"Sur certaines architectures matérielles (par exemple, i386), B<PROT_WRITE> "
"implique B<PROT_READ>. Cela dépend de l'architecture si B<PROT_READ> "
"implique B<PROT_EXEC> ou non. Les programmes portables doivent toujours "
"indiquer B<PROT_EXEC> s'ils veulent exécuter du code dans la projection."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The portable way to create a mapping is to specify I<addr> as 0 (NULL), and "
"omit B<MAP_FIXED> from I<flags>.  In this case, the system chooses the "
"address for the mapping; the address is chosen so as not to conflict with "
"any existing mapping, and will not be 0.  If the B<MAP_FIXED> flag is "
"specified, and I<addr> is 0 (NULL), then the mapped address will be 0 (NULL)."
msgstr ""
"La manière portable de créer une projection est de spécifier I<addr> à 0 "
"(NULL), et d'omettre B<MAP_FIXED> dans I<flags>. Dans ce cas, le système "
"choisit l'adresse de la projection ; l'adresse est choisie de manière à ne "
"pas entrer en conflit avec une projection existante et de ne pas être nulle. "
"Si l'attribut B<MAP_FIXED> est indiqué et si I<addr> vaut 0 (NULL), "
"l'adresse projetée sera zéro (NULL)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Certain I<flags> constants are defined only if suitable feature test macros "
"are defined (possibly by default): B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE> with glibc 2.19 or "
"later; or B<_BSD_SOURCE> or B<_SVID_SOURCE> in glibc 2.19 and earlier.  "
"(Employing B<_GNU_SOURCE> also suffices, and requiring that macro "
"specifically would have been more logical, since these flags are all Linux-"
"specific.)  The relevant flags are: B<MAP_32BIT>, B<MAP_ANONYMOUS> (and the "
"synonym B<MAP_ANON>), B<MAP_DENYWRITE>, B<MAP_EXECUTABLE>, B<MAP_FILE>, "
"B<MAP_GROWSDOWN>, B<MAP_HUGETLB>, B<MAP_LOCKED>, B<MAP_NONBLOCK>, "
"B<MAP_NORESERVE>, B<MAP_POPULATE>, and B<MAP_STACK>."
msgstr ""
"Certaines constantes de I<flags> sont définies seulement si des macros de "
"test de fonctionnalités adaptées sont définies (potentiellement par "
"défaut) : B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE> avec la glibc 2.19 ou supérieure, ou bien "
"B<_BSD_SOURCE> ou B<_SVID_SOURCE> dans la glibc 2.19 et antérieure (la "
"définition de B<_GNU_SOURCE> suffit également, et son usage aurait été plus "
"logique, puisque ces attributs sont tous spécifiques à Linux). Les attributs "
"adéquats sont : B<MAP_32BIT>, B<MAP_ANONYMOUS> (et son synonyme "
"B<MAP_ANON>), B<MAP_DENYWRITE>, B<MAP_EXECUTABLE>, B<MAP_FILE>, "
"B<MAP_GROWSDOWN>, B<MAP_HUGETLB>, B<MAP_LOCKED>, B<MAP_NONBLOCK>, "
"B<MAP_NORESERVE>, B<MAP_POPULATE>, et B<MAP_STACK>."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "C library/kernel differences"
msgstr "Différences entre bibliothèque C et noyau"

#.  Since around glibc 2.1/2.2, depending on the platform.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This page describes the interface provided by the glibc B<mmap>()  wrapper "
"function.  Originally, this function invoked a system call of the same "
"name.  Since Linux 2.4, that system call has been superseded by B<mmap2>(2), "
"and nowadays the glibc B<mmap>()  wrapper function invokes B<mmap2>(2)  with "
"a suitably adjusted value for I<offset>."
msgstr ""
"Cette page décrit l'interface fournie par la fonction B<mmap>() de la glibc. "
"Initialement, cette fonction appelait un appel système du même nom. Depuis "
"Linux 2.4, cet appel système a été remplacé par B<mmap2>(2). De nos jours, "
"la fonction B<mmap>() de la glibc appelle B<mmap2>(2) avec la bonne valeur "
"pour I<offset>."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "STANDARDS"
msgstr "STANDARDS"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "POSIX.1-2008."
msgstr "POSIX.1-2008."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "HISTORY"
msgstr "HISTORIQUE"

#.  SVr4 documents additional error codes ENXIO and ENODEV.
#.  SUSv2 documents additional error codes EMFILE and EOVERFLOW.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "POSIX.1-2001, SVr4, 4.4BSD."
msgstr "POSIX.1-2001, SVr4, 4.4BSD."

#.  POSIX.1-2001: It shall be defined to -1 or 0 or 200112L.
#.  -1: unavailable, 0: ask using sysconf().
#.  glibc defines it to 1.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On POSIX systems on which B<mmap>(), B<msync>(2), and B<munmap>()  are "
"available, B<_POSIX_MAPPED_FILES> is defined in I<E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>> to a "
"value greater than 0.  (See also B<sysconf>(3).)"
msgstr ""
"Sur les systèmes POSIX sur lesquels B<mmap>(), B<msync>(2) et B<munmap>() "
"sont disponibles, B<_POSIX_MAPPED_FILES> est définie dans I<E<lt>unistd."
"hE<gt>> comme étant une valeur supérieure à B<0> (consultez aussi "
"B<sysconf>(3))."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr "NOTES"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Memory mapped by B<mmap>()  is preserved across B<fork>(2), with the same "
"attributes."
msgstr ""
"La mémoire obtenue par B<mmap> est préservée au travers d'un B<fork>(2), "
"avec les mêmes attributs."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A file is mapped in multiples of the page size.  For a file that is not a "
"multiple of the page size, the remaining bytes in the partial page at the "
"end of the mapping are zeroed when mapped, and modifications to that region "
"are not written out to the file.  The effect of changing the size of the "
"underlying file of a mapping on the pages that correspond to added or "
"removed regions of the file is unspecified."
msgstr ""
"Un fichier est projeté en multiples de de la taille de la page. Pour un "
"fichier dont la longueur n'est pas un multiple de la taille de page, la "
"mémoire restante est remplie de zéros lors de la projection, et les "
"écritures dans cette zone n'affectent pas le fichier. Les effets de la "
"modification de la taille du fichier sous\\(hyjacent sur les pages "
"correspondant aux zones ajoutées ou supprimées ne sont pas précisés."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"An application can determine which pages of a mapping are currently resident "
"in the buffer/page cache using B<mincore>(2)."
msgstr ""
"Une application peut déterminer les pages d'une projection se trouvant dans "
"le tampon/le cache de page en utilisant B<mincore>(2)."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using MAP_FIXED safely"
msgstr "Utilisation sûre de MAP_FIXED"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The only safe use for B<MAP_FIXED> is where the address range specified by "
"I<addr> and I<length> was previously reserved using another mapping; "
"otherwise, the use of B<MAP_FIXED> is hazardous because it forcibly removes "
"preexisting mappings, making it easy for a multithreaded process to corrupt "
"its own address space."
msgstr ""
"La seule utilisation sûre de B<MAP_FIXED> est quand la plage d'adresses "
"indiquée par I<addr> et I<length> a été préalablement réservée en utilisant "
"une autre projection ; sans quoi l'utilisation de B<MAP_FIXED> est "
"hasardeuse car elle supprime brutalement des projections préexistantes, ce "
"qui facilite la corruption par un processus multithread de son propre espace "
"d'adressage."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For example, suppose that thread A looks through I</proc/>pidI</maps> in "
"order to locate an unused address range that it can map using B<MAP_FIXED>, "
"while thread B simultaneously acquires part or all of that same address "
"range.  When thread A subsequently employs B<mmap(MAP_FIXED)>, it will "
"effectively clobber the mapping that thread B created.  In this scenario, "
"thread B need not create a mapping directly; simply making a library call "
"that, internally, uses B<dlopen>(3)  to load some other shared library, will "
"suffice.  The B<dlopen>(3)  call will map the library into the process's "
"address space.  Furthermore, almost any library call may be implemented in a "
"way that adds memory mappings to the address space, either with this "
"technique, or by simply allocating memory.  Examples include B<brk>(2), "
"B<malloc>(3), B<pthread_create>(3), and the PAM libraries E<.UR http://www."
"linux-pam.org> E<.UE .>"
msgstr ""
"Par exemple, supposons qu'un thread A cherche dans I</proc/>pidI</maps> une "
"plage d'adresses inutilisée où il peut se projeter en utilisant "
"B<MAP_FIXED>, tandis qu'un thread B acquiert en même temps tout ou partie de "
"cette même plage d'adresses. Quand le thread A utilisera ensuite "
"B<mmap(MAP_FIXED)>, il va de fait écraser la projection créée par le thread "
"B. Dans ce scénario, le thread B ne doit pas créer de projection "
"directement ; un appel de bibliothèque qui, en interne, utilise B<dlopen>(3) "
"pour charger d'autres bibliothèques partagées, est suffisant. L'appel "
"B<dlopen>(3) projettera la bibliothèque dans l'espace d'adressage du "
"processus. De plus, presque tous les appels de bibliothèques peuvent être "
"implémentés d'une manière qui ajoute des projections de mémoire aux espaces "
"d'adressage, à l'aide de cette technique ou en allouant simplement de la "
"mémoire. Parmi les exemples, figurent B<brk>(2), B<malloc>(3), "
"B<pthread_create>(3) et les bibliothèques PAM E<.UR http://www.linux-pam."
"org> E<.UE .>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Since Linux 4.17, a multithreaded program can use the B<MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE> "
"flag to avoid the hazard described above when attempting to create a mapping "
"at a fixed address that has not been reserved by a preexisting mapping."
msgstr ""
"Depuis Linux 4.17, un programme multithreadé peut utiliser l'attribut "
"B<MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE> pour éviter le risque décrit ci-dessus quand on "
"essaie de créer une projection à une adresse fixe non réservée par une "
"projection préexistante."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Timestamps changes for file-backed mappings"
msgstr "Modifications d'horodatage pour les projections prises en charge par un fichier"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For file-backed mappings, the I<st_atime> field for the mapped file may be "
"updated at any time between the B<mmap>()  and the corresponding unmapping; "
"the first reference to a mapped page will update the field if it has not "
"been already."
msgstr ""
"Pour les projections prises en charge par un fichier, le champ I<st_atime> "
"du fichier peut être mis à jour à tout moment entre l'appel B<mmap>() et le "
"B<munmap>() correspondant. Le premier accès dans la page projetée mettra le "
"champ à jour si cela n'a pas été déjà fait."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<st_ctime> and I<st_mtime> field for a file mapped with B<PROT_WRITE> "
"and B<MAP_SHARED> will be updated after a write to the mapped region, and "
"before a subsequent B<msync>(2)  with the B<MS_SYNC> or B<MS_ASYNC> flag, if "
"one occurs."
msgstr ""
"Les champs I<st_ctime> et I<st_mtime> pour un fichier projeté avec "
"B<PROT_WRITE> et B<MAP_SHARED> seront mis à jour après une écriture dans la "
"région projetée, et avant l'éventuel B<msync>(2) suivant avec l'attribut "
"B<MS_SYNC> ou B<MS_ASYNC>."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Huge page (Huge TLB) mappings"
msgstr "Projections de pages immenses (Huge TLB)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For mappings that employ huge pages, the requirements for the arguments of "
"B<mmap>()  and B<munmap>()  differ somewhat from the requirements for "
"mappings that use the native system page size."
msgstr ""
"Pour les projections qui utilisent des pages immenses, les exigences des "
"attributs de B<mmap>() et de B<munmap>() diffèrent quelque peu de celles "
"pour des projections qui utilisent la taille native des pages du système."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For B<mmap>(), I<offset> must be a multiple of the underlying huge page "
"size.  The system automatically aligns I<length> to be a multiple of the "
"underlying huge page size."
msgstr ""
"Pour B<mmap>(), I<offset> doit être un multiple de la taille de la page "
"immense sous-jacente. Le système aligne automatiquement I<length> pour qu'il "
"soit un multiple de la taille de la page immense sous-jacente."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For B<munmap>(), I<addr>, and I<length> must both be a multiple of the "
"underlying huge page size."
msgstr ""
"Pour B<munmap>(), I<addr> et I<length> doivent être tous deux un multiple de "
"la taille de la page immense sous-jacente."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "BUGS"
msgstr "BOGUES"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On Linux, there are no guarantees like those suggested above under "
"B<MAP_NORESERVE>.  By default, any process can be killed at any moment when "
"the system runs out of memory."
msgstr ""
"Sous Linux, il n'y a aucune garantie comme celles indiquées plus haut à "
"propos de B<MAP_NORESERVE>. Par défaut, n'importe quel processus peut être "
"tué à tout moment lorsque le système n'a plus de mémoire."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Before Linux 2.6.7, the B<MAP_POPULATE> flag has effect only if I<prot> is "
"specified as B<PROT_NONE>."
msgstr ""
"Avant Linux 2.6.7, l'attribut B<MAP_POPULATE> n'avait d'effet que si I<prot> "
"était B<PROT_NONE>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"SUSv3 specifies that B<mmap>()  should fail if I<length> is 0.  However, "
"before Linux 2.6.12, B<mmap>()  succeeded in this case: no mapping was "
"created and the call returned I<addr>.  Since Linux 2.6.12, B<mmap>()  fails "
"with the error B<EINVAL> for this case."
msgstr ""
"SUSv3 indique que B<mmap>() devrait échouer si I<length> est 0. Cependant, "
"avant Linux 2.6.12, B<mmap>() réussissait dans ce cas\\ : aucune projection "
"n'était créée, et l'appel renvoyait I<addr>. Depuis Linux 2.6.12, B<mmap>() "
"échoue avec le code d'erreur B<EINVAL> si I<length> est nul."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"POSIX specifies that the system shall always zero fill any partial page at "
"the end of the object and that system will never write any modification of "
"the object beyond its end.  On Linux, when you write data to such partial "
"page after the end of the object, the data stays in the page cache even "
"after the file is closed and unmapped and even though the data is never "
"written to the file itself, subsequent mappings may see the modified "
"content.  In some cases, this could be fixed by calling B<msync>(2)  before "
"the unmap takes place; however, this doesn't work on B<tmpfs>(5)  (for "
"example, when using the POSIX shared memory interface documented in "
"B<shm_overview>(7))."
msgstr ""
"POSIX spécifie que le système devrait toujours remplir de zéros toutes les "
"pages incomplètes à la fin de l'objet et que le système n'écrira jamais de "
"modification de l'objet au-delà de sa fin. Sous Linux, lors de l'écriture de "
"données vers ce genre de pages incomplètes après la fin de l'objet, les "
"données restent dans le cache de page même après que le fichier soit fermé "
"et déprojeté, et même si les données ne sont jamais écrites vers le fichier "
"lui-même, les projections suivantes pourraient voir le contenu modifié. Dans "
"certains cas, cela pourrait être corrigé en appelant B<msync>(2) avant la "
"déprojection. Cependant, cela ne fonctionne pas sur B<tmpfs>(5) (par exemple "
"en utilisant l'interface de mémoire partagée POSIX documentée dans "
"B<shm_overview>(7))."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "EXAMPLES"
msgstr "EXEMPLES"

#.  FIXME . Add an example here that uses an anonymous shared region for
#.  IPC between parent and child.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The following program prints part of the file specified in its first command-"
"line argument to standard output.  The range of bytes to be printed is "
"specified via offset and length values in the second and third command-line "
"arguments.  The program creates a memory mapping of the required pages of "
"the file and then uses B<write>(2)  to output the desired bytes."
msgstr ""
"Le programme suivant affiche la partie du fichier, précisé par le premier "
"argument de la ligne de commande, sur la sortie standard. Les octets qui "
"seront affichés sont précisés à partir d'un offset (déplacement) et d'une "
"longueur en deuxième et troisième paramètre. Le code fait une projection "
"mémoire des pages nécessaires du fichier puis utilise B<write>(2) pour "
"afficher les octets voulus."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Program source"
msgstr "Source du programme"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/stat.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
"\\&\n"
"#define handle_error(msg) \\e\n"
"    do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)\n"
"\\&\n"
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int          fd;\n"
"    char         *addr;\n"
"    off_t        offset, pa_offset;\n"
"    size_t       length;\n"
"    ssize_t      s;\n"
"    struct stat  sb;\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (argc E<lt> 3 || argc E<gt> 4) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s file offset [length]\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        handle_error(\"open\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1)           /* To obtain file size */\n"
"        handle_error(\"fstat\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    offset = atoi(argv[2]);\n"
"    pa_offset = offset & \\[ti](sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE) - 1);\n"
"        /* offset for mmap() must be page aligned */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (offset E<gt>= sb.st_size) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"offset is past end of file\\en\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (argc == 4) {\n"
"        length = atoi(argv[3]);\n"
"        if (offset + length E<gt> sb.st_size)\n"
"            length = sb.st_size - offset;\n"
"                /* Can\\[aq]t display bytes past end of file */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    } else {    /* No length arg ==E<gt> display to end of file */\n"
"        length = sb.st_size - offset;\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    addr = mmap(NULL, length + offset - pa_offset, PROT_READ,\n"
"                MAP_PRIVATE, fd, pa_offset);\n"
"    if (addr == MAP_FAILED)\n"
"        handle_error(\"mmap\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    s = write(STDOUT_FILENO, addr + offset - pa_offset, length);\n"
"    if (s != length) {\n"
"        if (s == -1)\n"
"            handle_error(\"write\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"partial write\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    munmap(addr, length + offset - pa_offset);\n"
"    close(fd);\n"
"\\&\n"
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/stat.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
"\\&\n"
"#define handle_error(msg) \\\\e\n"
"    do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)\n"
"\\&\n"
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int          fd;\n"
"    char         *addr;\n"
"    off_t        offset, pa_offset;\n"
"    size_t       length;\n"
"    ssize_t      s;\n"
"    struct stat  sb;\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (argc E<lt> 3 || argc E<gt> 4) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s position du fichier [longueur]\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        handle_error(\"open\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1)           /* To obtain file size */\\n\"\n"
"        handle_error(\"fstat\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    offset = atoi(argv[2]);\n"
"    pa_offset = offset & \\[ti](sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE) - 1);\n"
"        /* la position de mmap() doit être alignée sur la page */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (offset E<gt>= sb.st_size) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \\\"la position est au-delà de la fin du fichier\\en\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (argc == 4) {\n"
"        length = atoi(argv[3]);\n"
"        if (offset + length E<gt> sb.st_size)\n"
"            length = sb.st_size - offset;\n"
"                /* Ne peut pas afficher d'octets situés après la fin du fichier */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    } else {    /* Pas d'affichage de longueur arg ==E<gt> à la fin du fichier */\n"
"        length = sb.st_size - offset;\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    addr = mmap(NULL, length + offset - pa_offset, PROT_READ,\n"
"                MAP_PRIVATE, fd, pa_offset);\n"
"    if (addr == MAP_FAILED)\n"
"        handle_error(\\\"mmap\\\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    s = write(STDOUT_FILENO, addr + offset - pa_offset, length);\n"
"    if (s != length) {\n"
"        if (s == -1)\n"
"            handle_error(\"write\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"écriture partielle\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    munmap(addr, length + offset - pa_offset);\n"
"    close(fd);\n"
"\\&\n"
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"

#.  SRC END
#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr "VOIR AUSSI"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<ftruncate>(2), B<getpagesize>(2), B<memfd_create>(2), B<mincore>(2), "
"B<mlock>(2), B<mmap2>(2), B<mprotect>(2), B<mremap>(2), B<msync>(2), "
"B<remap_file_pages>(2), B<setrlimit>(2), B<shmat>(2), B<userfaultfd>(2), "
"B<shm_open>(3), B<shm_overview>(7)"
msgstr ""
"B<ftruncate>(2), B<getpagesize>(2), B<memfd_create>(2), B<mincore>(2), "
"B<mlock>(2), B<mmap2>(2), B<mprotect>(2), B<mremap>(2), B<msync>(2), "
"B<remap_file_pages>(2), B<setrlimit>(2), B<shmat>(2), B<userfaultfd>(2), "
"B<shm_open>(3), B<shm_overview>(7)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The descriptions of the following files in B<proc>(5): I</proc/>pidI</maps>, "
"I</proc/>pidI</map_files>, and I</proc/>pidI</smaps>."
msgstr ""
"Dans B<proc>(5), les descriptions des fichiers : I</proc/>pidI</maps>, I</"
"proc/>pidI</map_files> et I</proc/>pidI</smaps>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "B.O. Gallmeister, POSIX.4, O'Reilly, pp. 128\\[en]129 and 389\\[en]391."
msgstr "B.O. Gallmeister, POSIX.4, O'Reilly, p. 128\\[en]129 et 389\\[en]391."

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-02-05"
msgstr "5 février 2023"

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.03"

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm debian-unstable opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MAP_HUGE_2MB>, B<MAP_HUGE_1GB> (since Linux 3.8)"
msgstr "B<MAP_HUGE_2MB>, B<MAP_HUGE_1GB> (depuis Linux 3.8)"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm debian-unstable opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<MAP_HUGETLB> flag was specified, but the caller was not privileged "
"(did not have the B<CAP_IPC_LOCK> capability)  and is not a member of the "
"I<sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group> group; see the description of I</proc/sys/vm/"
"sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group> in"
msgstr ""
"L'attribut B<MAP_HUGETLB> était indiqué, mais l'appelant n'était pas "
"priviliégié (il n'avait pas la capacité B<CAP_IPC_LOCK>) et n'appartient pas "
"au groupeI<sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group> ; voir la desription de I</proc/sys/vm/"
"sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group> dans"

#.  SVr4 documents additional error codes ENXIO and ENODEV.
#.  SUSv2 documents additional error codes EMFILE and EOVERFLOW.
#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid "POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4, 4.4BSD."
msgstr "POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4, 4.4BSD."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid ""
"For example, suppose that thread A looks through I</proc/E<lt>pidE<gt>/maps> "
"in order to locate an unused address range that it can map using "
"B<MAP_FIXED>, while thread B simultaneously acquires part or all of that "
"same address range.  When thread A subsequently employs B<mmap(MAP_FIXED)>, "
"it will effectively clobber the mapping that thread B created.  In this "
"scenario, thread B need not create a mapping directly; simply making a "
"library call that, internally, uses B<dlopen>(3)  to load some other shared "
"library, will suffice.  The B<dlopen>(3)  call will map the library into the "
"process's address space.  Furthermore, almost any library call may be "
"implemented in a way that adds memory mappings to the address space, either "
"with this technique, or by simply allocating memory.  Examples include "
"B<brk>(2), B<malloc>(3), B<pthread_create>(3), and the PAM libraries E<.UR "
"http://www.linux-pam.org> E<.UE .>"
msgstr ""
"Par exemple, supposons qu'un thread A cherche dans I</proc/E<lt>pidE<gt>/"
"maps> une plage d'adresses inutilisée où il peut se projeter en utilisant "
"B<MAP_FIXED>, tandis qu'un thread B acquiert en même temps tout ou partie de "
"cette même plage d'adresses. Quand le thread A utilisera ensuite "
"B<mmap(MAP_FIXED)>, il va de fait écraser la projection créée par le thread "
"B. Dans ce scénario, le thread B ne doit pas créer de projection "
"directement ; un appel de bibliothèque qui, en interne, utilise B<dlopen>(3) "
"pour charger d'autres bibliothèques partagées, est suffisant. L'appel "
"B<dlopen>(3) projettera la bibliothèque dans l'espace d'adressage du "
"processus. De plus, presque tous les appels de bibliothèques peuvent être "
"implémentés d'une manière qui ajoute des projections de mémoire aux espaces "
"d'adressage, à l'aide de cette technique ou en allouant simplement de la "
"mémoire. Parmi les exemples, figurent B<brk>(2), B<malloc>(3), "
"B<pthread_create>(3) et les bibliothèques PAM E<.UR http://www.linux-pam."
"org> E<.UE .>"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/stat.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/stat.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define handle_error(msg) \\e\n"
"    do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)\n"
msgstr ""
"#define handle_error(msg) \\e\n"
"    do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int          fd;\n"
"    char         *addr;\n"
"    off_t        offset, pa_offset;\n"
"    size_t       length;\n"
"    ssize_t      s;\n"
"    struct stat  sb;\n"
msgstr ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int          fd;\n"
"    char         *addr;\n"
"    off_t        offset, pa_offset;\n"
"    size_t       length;\n"
"    ssize_t      s;\n"
"    struct stat  sb;\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (argc E<lt> 3 || argc E<gt> 4) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s file offset [length]\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""
"    if (argc E<lt> 3 || argc E<gt> 4) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s fichier offset [longueur]\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        handle_error(\"open\");\n"
msgstr ""
"    fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        handle_error(\"open\");\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1)           /* To obtain file size */\n"
"        handle_error(\"fstat\");\n"
msgstr ""
"    if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1)           /* Pour obtenir la taille du fichier */\n"
"        handle_error(\"fstat\");\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    offset = atoi(argv[2]);\n"
"    pa_offset = offset & \\[ti](sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE) - 1);\n"
"        /* offset for mmap() must be page aligned */\n"
msgstr ""
"    offset = atoi(argv[2]);\n"
"    pa_offset = offset & \\[ti](sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE) - 1);\n"
"        /* la position de mmap() doit être alignée sur la page */\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (offset E<gt>= sb.st_size) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"offset is past end of file\\en\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""
"    if (offset E<gt>= sb.st_size) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"L'offset dépasse la fin du fichier\\en\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (argc == 4) {\n"
"        length = atoi(argv[3]);\n"
"        if (offset + length E<gt> sb.st_size)\n"
"            length = sb.st_size - offset;\n"
"                /* Can\\[aq]t display bytes past end of file */\n"
msgstr ""
"    if (argc == 4) {\n"
"        length = atoi(argv[3]);\n"
"        if (offset + length E<gt> sb.st_size)\n"
"            length = sb.st_size - offset;\n"
"                /* Impossible d'afficher les octets en dehors du fichier */\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    } else {    /* No length arg ==E<gt> display to end of file */\n"
"        length = sb.st_size - offset;\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""
"    } else {    /* Pas de paramètre longueur\n"
"                   ==E<gt> affichage jusqu'à la fin du fichier */\n"
"        length = sb.st_size - offset;\n"
"    }\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    addr = mmap(NULL, length + offset - pa_offset, PROT_READ,\n"
"                MAP_PRIVATE, fd, pa_offset);\n"
"    if (addr == MAP_FAILED)\n"
"        handle_error(\"mmap\");\n"
msgstr ""
"    addr = mmap(NULL, length + offset - pa_offset, PROT_READ,\n"
"                MAP_PRIVATE, fd, pa_offset);\n"
"    if (addr == MAP_FAILED)\n"
"        handle_error(\"mmap\");\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    s = write(STDOUT_FILENO, addr + offset - pa_offset, length);\n"
"    if (s != length) {\n"
"        if (s == -1)\n"
"            handle_error(\"write\");\n"
msgstr ""
"    s = write(STDOUT_FILENO, addr + offset - pa_offset, length);\n"
"    if (s != length) {\n"
"        if (s == -1)\n"
"            handle_error(\"write\");\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"        fprintf(stderr, \"partial write\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""
"        fprintf(stderr, \"écriture partielle\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    munmap(addr, length + offset - pa_offset);\n"
"    close(fd);\n"
msgstr ""
"    munmap(addr, length + offset - pa_offset);\n"
"    close(fd);\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid ""
"The descriptions of the following files in B<proc>(5): I</proc/[pid]/maps>, "
"I</proc/[pid]/map_files>, and I</proc/[pid]/smaps>."
msgstr ""
"Dans B<proc>(5), les descriptions des fichiers I</proc/[pid]/maps>, I</proc/"
"[pid]/map_files> et I</proc/[pid]/smaps>."

#. type: TH
#: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-07-20"
msgstr "20 juillet 2023"

#. type: TH
#: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.05.01"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.05.01"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-04-03"
msgstr "3 avril 2023"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.04"