# French translation of manpages # This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package. # Copyright © of this file: # Christophe Blaess , 1996-2003. # Stéphan Rafin , 2002. # Thierry Vignaud , 1999, 2002. # François Micaux, 2002. # Alain Portal , 2003-2008. # Jean-Philippe Guérard , 2005-2006. # Jean-Luc Coulon (f5ibh) , 2006-2007. # Julien Cristau , 2006-2007. # Thomas Huriaux , 2006-2008. # Nicolas François , 2006-2008. # Florentin Duneau , 2006-2010. # Simon Paillard , 2006, 2013. # Denis Barbier , 2006, 2010. # David Prévot , 2010, 2012, 2013. # Cédric Boutillier , 2011, 2012. # Frédéric Hantrais , 2013, 2014. # Jean-Pierre Giraud , 2023. msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: manpages-fr\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-01 16:53+0100\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2023-12-12 10:12+0100\n" "Last-Translator: Jean-Pierre Giraud \n" "Language-Team: French \n" "Language: fr\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n" "X-Generator: Lokalize 20.12.0\n" #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Capabilities" msgstr "Capacités" #. type: TH #: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #, no-wrap msgid "2023-10-31" msgstr "31 octobre 2023" #. type: TH #: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06" msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.06" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "NAME" msgstr "NOM" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "capabilities - overview of Linux capabilities" msgstr "capabilities – Présentation des capacités Linux" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "DESCRIPTION" msgstr "DESCRIPTION" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "For the purpose of performing permission checks, traditional UNIX " "implementations distinguish two categories of processes: I " "processes (whose effective user ID is 0, referred to as superuser or root), " "and I processes (whose effective UID is nonzero). Privileged " "processes bypass all kernel permission checks, while unprivileged processes " "are subject to full permission checking based on the process's credentials " "(usually: effective UID, effective GID, and supplementary group list)." msgstr "" "Pour vérifier les permissions, les implémentations UNIX traditionnelles " "distinguent deux catégories de processus\\ : les processus I " "(dont l'UID effectif est 0, appelé superutilisateur ou root) et les " "processus I (dont les UID effectifs sont différents de " "zéro). Les processus privilégiés contournent toutes les vérifications de " "permissions du noyau, alors que les processus non privilégiés sont soumis à " "une vérification complète basée sur l'identification du processus " "(habituellement\\ : UID effectif, GID effectif et liste des groupes " "additionnels)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Starting with Linux 2.2, Linux divides the privileges traditionally " "associated with superuser into distinct units, known as I, " "which can be independently enabled and disabled. Capabilities are a per-" "thread attribute." msgstr "" "À partir de Linux 2.2, Linux scinde les privilèges traditionnellement " "associés au superutilisateur en unités distinctes, connues sous le nom de " "I (capacités) que l'on peut activer ou inhiber " "individuellement. Les capacités sont des attributs individuels à chaque " "thread." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Capabilities list" msgstr "Liste des capacités" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The following list shows the capabilities implemented on Linux, and the " "operations or behaviors that each capability permits:" msgstr "" "La liste suivante indique les capacités implémentées sous Linux et les " "opérations ou comportements que chaque capacité permet :" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B (since Linux 2.6.11)" msgstr "B (depuis Linux 2.6.11)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Enable and disable kernel auditing; change auditing filter rules; retrieve " "auditing status and filtering rules." msgstr "" "Activer et désactiver l'audit du noyau, changer les règles de filtrage " "d'audit, accéder à l'état de l'audit et aux règles de filtrage." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B (since Linux 3.16)" msgstr "B (depuis Linux 3.16)" #. commit a29b694aa1739f9d76538e34ae25524f9c549d59 #. commit 3a101b8de0d39403b2c7e5c23fd0b005668acf48 #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Allow reading the audit log via a multicast netlink socket." msgstr "" "Autoriser la lecture du journal d'audit au moyen d'un socket netlink " "multidiffusion." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B (since Linux 2.6.11)" msgstr "B (depuis Linux 2.6.11)" #. FIXME Add FAN_ENABLE_AUDIT #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Write records to kernel auditing log." msgstr "Écrire des enregistrements dans le journal d'audit du noyau." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B (since Linux 3.5)" msgstr "B (depuis Linux 3.5)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Employ features that can block system suspend (B(7) B, " "I)." msgstr "" "Utiliser des fonctionnalités qui peuvent bloquer la mise en veille du " "système (B(7) B, I)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B (since Linux 5.8)" msgstr "B (depuis Linux 5.8)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Employ privileged BPF operations; see B(2) and B(7)." msgstr "" "Utiliser des opérations BPF privilégiées ; consultez B(2) et B(7)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This capability was added in Linux 5.8 to separate out BPF functionality " "from the overloaded B capability." msgstr "" "Cette capacité a été ajoutée dans Linux 5.8 pour séparer la fonctionnalité " "BPF de la capacité B surchargée." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B (since Linux 5.9)" msgstr "B (depuis Linux 5.9)" #. type: IP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "\\[bu]" msgstr "-" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Update I (see B(7));" msgstr "" "Mettre à jour I (consultez " "B(7)) ;" #. FIXME There is also some use case relating to #. prctl_set_mm_exe_file(); in the 5.9 sources, see #. prctl_set_mm_map(). #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "employ the I feature of B(2);" msgstr "Utiliser la fonction I de B(2) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "read the contents of the symbolic links in IpidI for " "other processes." msgstr "" "Lire le contenu des liens symboliques dans IpidI pour " "les autres processus." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This capability was added in Linux 5.9 to separate out checkpoint/restore " "functionality from the overloaded B capability." msgstr "" "Cette capacité a été ajoutée dans Linux 5.9 pour séparer la fonctionnalité " "checkpoint/restore de la capacité B surchargée." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Make arbitrary changes to file UIDs and GIDs (see B(2))." msgstr "" "Effectuer toute modification des UID et GID de fichiers (consultez " "B(2))." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Bypass file read, write, and execute permission checks. (DAC is an " "abbreviation of \"discretionary access control\".)" msgstr "" "Contourner les vérifications des permissions de lecture, écriture et " "exécution. (DAC est l'abréviation de « discretionary access control », " "contrôle d'accès à volonté)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Bypass file read permission checks and directory read and execute permission " "checks;" msgstr "" "Contourner les vérifications des permissions de lecture de fichiers et " "celles de lecture et d'exécution des répertoires ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "invoke B(2);" msgstr "invoquer B(2) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "use the B(2) B flag to create a link to a file " "referred to by a file descriptor." msgstr "" "utiliser l'attribut B de B(2) pour créer un lien vers " "un fichier visé par un descripteur de fichier." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Bypass permission checks on operations that normally require the filesystem " "UID of the process to match the UID of the file (e.g., B(2), " "B(2)), excluding those operations covered by B and " "B;" msgstr "" "Contourner les vérifications pour les opérations qui demandent que l'UID de " "système de fichiers du processus corresponde à l'UID du fichier (par exemple " "B(2), B(2)), à l'exclusion des opérations couvertes par " "B et B\\ ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "set inode flags (see B(2)) on arbitrary files;" msgstr "" "positionner les attributs d'inœuds (consultez B(2)) pour " "n'importe quel fichier\\ ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "set Access Control Lists (ACLs) on arbitrary files;" msgstr "" "positionner les listes de contrôle d'accès ACL (« Access Control Lists ») " "pour n'importe quel fichier\\ ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "ignore directory sticky bit on file deletion;" msgstr "" "ignorer le « sticky bit » des répertoires pour les suppressions de " "fichier\\ ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "modify I extended attributes on sticky directory owned by any user;" msgstr "" "modifier les attributs étendus I sur un répertoire avec le sticky bit " "défini, appartenant à n'importe quel utilisateur ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "specify B for arbitrary files in B(2) and B(2)." msgstr "" "spécifier B dans B(2) et B(2) pour n'importe quel " "fichier." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Don't clear set-user-ID and set-group-ID mode bits when a file is modified;" msgstr "" "Ne pas effacer les bits de mode set-user-ID et set-group-ID lors de la " "modification d'un fichier ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "set the set-group-ID bit for a file whose GID does not match the filesystem " "or any of the supplementary GIDs of the calling process." msgstr "" "positionner le bit Set-group-ID sur un fichier dont le GID ne correspond pas " "au système de fichiers ni à aucun GID additionnel du processus appelant." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Lock memory (B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2));" msgstr "" "Verrouiller des pages mémoire (B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2)) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Allocate memory using huge pages (B(2), B(2), " "B(2))." msgstr "" "allouer des pages mémoire utilisant des pages larges (B(2), " "B(2), B(2))." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Bypass permission checks for operations on System V IPC objects." msgstr "" "Contourner les vérifications de permission pour les opérations sur les " "objets IPC System V." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. FIXME . CAP_KILL also has an effect for threads + setting child #. termination signal to other than SIGCHLD: without this #. capability, the termination signal reverts to SIGCHLD #. if the child does an exec(). What is the rationale #. for this? #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Bypass permission checks for sending signals (see B(2)). This " "includes use of the B(2) B operation." msgstr "" "Contourner les vérifications de permission pour l'émission de signaux " "(consultez B(2)). Cette capacité inclut l'utilisation de l'opération " "B d'B(2)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B (since Linux 2.4)" msgstr "B (depuis Linux 2.4)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Establish leases on arbitrary files (see B(2))." msgstr "" "Demander des baux (leases) sur n'importe quel fichier (consultez " "B(2))." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Set the B and B inode flags (see " "B(2))." msgstr "" "Positionner les attributs d'inœuds B et B " "(consultez B(2))." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B (since Linux 2.6.25)" msgstr "B (depuis Linux 2.6.25)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Allow MAC configuration or state changes. Implemented for the Smack Linux " "Security Module (LSM)." msgstr "" "Permettre les modifications de la configuration ou des états MAC. " "Implémentée pour le module LSM (Smack Linux Security Module)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B (since Linux 2.6.25)" msgstr "B (depuis Linux 2.6.25)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Override Mandatory Access Control (MAC). Implemented for the Smack LSM." msgstr "" "Surcharger les contrôles d'accès MAC (« Mandatory Access Control »). " "Implémentée pour le module Smack LSM." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B (since Linux 2.4)" msgstr "B (depuis Linux 2.4)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Create special files using B(2)." msgstr "Créer des fichiers spéciaux avec B(2)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Perform various network-related operations:" msgstr "Effectuer diverses opérations liées au réseau :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "interface configuration;" msgstr "configuration des interfaces ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "administration of IP firewall, masquerading, and accounting;" msgstr "" "administration du pare-feu, de la traduction d'adresse IP (« masquerading ») " "et collection de données sur le trafic réseau (« accounting ») ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "modify routing tables;" msgstr "modification des tables de routages ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "bind to any address for transparent proxying;" msgstr "" "attachement à n'importe quelle adresse pour un service mandataire " "transparent ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "set type-of-service (TOS);" msgstr "sélection du type de service (« TOS ») ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "clear driver statistics;" msgstr "effacement des statistiques du pilote ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "set promiscuous mode;" msgstr "sélection du mode « promiscuité » ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "enabling multicasting;" msgstr "activation de la diffusion multipoint (« multicast ») ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "use B(2) to set the following socket options: B, " "B, B (for a priority outside the range 0 to 6), " "B, and B." msgstr "" "utilisation de B(2) pour définir les options de sockets " "suivantes : B, B, B (pour une priorité en " "dehors des valeurs de 0 à 6), B et B." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Bind a socket to Internet domain privileged ports (port numbers less than " "1024)." msgstr "" "Attacher un socket à un port privilégié du domaine de l'Internet (numéro de " "port inférieur à 1024)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. FIXME Since Linux 4.2, there are use cases for netlink sockets #. commit 59324cf35aba5336b611074028777838a963d03b #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "(Unused) Make socket broadcasts, and listen to multicasts." msgstr "(Inutilisé) diffusion par socket et écoute de multidiffusion." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Use RAW and PACKET sockets;" msgstr "Utiliser des sockets RAW et PACKET ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "bind to any address for transparent proxying." msgstr "" "attacher à n'importe quelle adresse pour un service mandataire transparent." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B (since Linux 5.8)" msgstr "B (depuis Linux 5.8)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Employ various performance-monitoring mechanisms, including:" msgstr "Utiliser divers mécanismes de suivi des performances dont :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "call B(2);" msgstr "appeler B(2) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "employ various BPF operations that have performance implications." msgstr "" "utiliser diverses opérations BPF qui ont des incidences sur les performances." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This capability was added in Linux 5.8 to separate out performance " "monitoring functionality from the overloaded B capability. " "See also the kernel source file I." msgstr "" "Cette capacité a été ajoutée dans Linux 5.8 pour séparer la fonctionnalité " "de suivi des performances de la capacité B surchargée. " "Consultez aussi le fichier source du noyau I." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Make arbitrary manipulations of process GIDs and supplementary GID list;" msgstr "" "Faire des manipulations arbitraires des GID et de la liste de GID " "additionnels des processus ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "forge GID when passing socket credentials via UNIX domain sockets;" msgstr "" "simuler des GID lors du passage de références de sockets au moyen de sockets " "de domaine UNIX ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "write a group ID mapping in a user namespace (see B(7))." msgstr "" "écrire une projection de GID dans un espace de noms utilisateur (consultez " "B(7))." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B (since Linux 2.6.24)" msgstr "B (depuis Linux 2.6.24)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Set arbitrary capabilities on a file." msgstr "Définir des capacités arbitraires sur un fichier" #. commit db2e718a47984b9d71ed890eb2ea36ecf150de18 #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Since Linux 5.12, this capability is also needed to map user ID 0 in a new " "user namespace; see B(7) for details." msgstr "" "Depuis Linux 5.12, cette capacité est aussi nécessaire pour projeter l'UID 0 " "dans un nouvel espace de noms utilisateur ; pour en savoir plus consultez " "B(7)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If file capabilities are supported (i.e., since Linux 2.6.24): add any " "capability from the calling thread's bounding set to its inheritable set; " "drop capabilities from the bounding set (via B(2) " "B); make changes to the I flags." msgstr "" "Si les capacités de fichier sont prises en charge (c'est-à-dire depuis " "Linux 2.6.24) : ajouter toute capacité de l'ensemble de limitation de " "capacités du thread appelant à son ensemble hérité ; supprimer les capacités " "de l'ensemble de limitation de capacités (avec B(2) " "B) ; modifier les attributs I." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If file capabilities are not supported (i.e., before Linux 2.6.24): grant or " "remove any capability in the caller's permitted capability set to or from " "any other process. (This property of B is not available when " "the kernel is configured to support file capabilities, since B " "has entirely different semantics for such kernels.)" msgstr "" "Si les capacités de fichier ne sont pas prises en charge (c'est-à-dire avec " "les noyaux antérieurs à Linux 2.6.24) : accorder ou interdire toute capacité " "dans l'ensemble des capacités permises de l'appelant vers ou depuis tout " "autre processus (cette propriété de B n'est pas disponible " "quand le noyau est configuré pour prendre en charge les capacités de " "fichiers, puisque B a une toute autre sémantique pour ces " "noyaux)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Make arbitrary manipulations of process UIDs (B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2));" msgstr "" "Faire des manipulations arbitraires des UID de processus (B(2), " "B(2), B(2), B(2)) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "forge UID when passing socket credentials via UNIX domain sockets;" msgstr "" "simuler des UID lors du passage de références de sockets au moyen de sockets " "de domaine UNIX ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "write a user ID mapping in a user namespace (see B(7))." msgstr "" "écrire une projection de l'UID dans un espace de noms utilisateur (consultez " "B(7))." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "I: this capability is overloaded; see I " "below." msgstr "" "I : cette capacité est surchargée : voir les I ci-dessous." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Perform a range of system administration operations including: " "B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2), and B(2);" msgstr "" "Effectuer certaines opérations d'administration système comme : " "B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2) et B(2) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "perform privileged B(2) operations (since Linux 2.6.37, " "B should be used to permit such operations);" msgstr "" "effectuer des opérations B(2) nécessitant des droits (depuis " "Linux 2.6.37, B doit être utilisée pour permettre de telles " "opérations) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "perform B B(2) command;" msgstr "effectuer une commande B B(2) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "access the same checkpoint/restore functionality that is governed by " "B (but the latter, weaker capability is preferred " "for accessing that functionality)." msgstr "" "accéder à la même fonctionnalité checkpoint/restore qui est contrôlée par " "B (mais cette dernière capacité plus faible est " "préférée pour accéder à cette fonctionnalité) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "perform the same BPF operations as are governed by B (but the " "latter, weaker capability is preferred for accessing that functionality)." msgstr "" "effectuer les mêmes opérations BPF que celles contrôlées par B " "(mais cette dernière capacité plus faible est préférée pour accéder à cette " "fonctionnalité) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "employ the same performance monitoring mechanisms as are governed by " "B (but the latter, weaker capability is preferred for accessing " "that functionality)." msgstr "" "utiliser les mêmes mécanismes de suivi des performances qui sont contrôlés " "par B (mais cette dernière capacité plus faible est préférée " "pour accéder à cette fonctionnalité) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "perform B and B operations on arbitrary System V IPC " "objects;" msgstr "" "effectuer des opérations B et B sur n'importe quel objet " "IPC System V ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "override B resource limit;" msgstr "ne pas tenir compte de la limite de ressource B ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "perform operations on I and I extended attributes (see " "B(7));" msgstr "" "effectuer des opérations sur les attributs étendus I et I " "(consultez B(7)) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "use B(2);" msgstr "utiliser B(2) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "use B(2) to assign B and (before Linux " "2.6.25) B I/O scheduling classes;" msgstr "" "utiliser B(2) pour configurer une classe d'ordonnancement d'E/S " "B et (avant Linux 2.6.25) B ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "forge PID when passing socket credentials via UNIX domain sockets;" msgstr "" "simuler des PID lors du passage de références de sockets au moyen de sockets " "de domaine UNIX ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "exceed I, the system-wide limit on the number of open " "files, in system calls that open files (e.g., B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2));" msgstr "" "dépasser I, la limite système du nombre de fichiers " "ouverts dans les appels système qui ouvrent des fichiers (par exemple " "B(2), B(2), B(2) et B(2)) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "employ B flags that create new namespaces with B(2) and " "B(2) (but, since Linux 3.8, creating user namespaces does not " "require any capability);" msgstr "" "utiliser les attributs B qui créent de nouveaux espaces de noms " "avec B(2) et B(2) (mais, depuis Linux 3.8, la création " "d'espaces de noms utilisateur ne nécessite aucune capacité) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "access privileged I event information;" msgstr "accéder aux informations d'événements I nécessitant des droits ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "call B(2) (requires B in the I namespace);" msgstr "" "appeler B(2) (nécessite la capacité B dans l'espace de " "noms I ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "call B(2);" msgstr "appeler B(2) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "perform privileged B and B B(2) " "operations;" msgstr "" "effectuer des opérations B et B de " "B(2) nécessitant des droits ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "perform B(2) B operation;" msgstr "effectuer une opération B(2) B ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "employ the B B(2) to insert characters into the input queue " "of a terminal other than the caller's controlling terminal;" msgstr "" "utiliser la commande B de B(2) pour insérer des caractères " "dans la file d'entrées d'un terminal autre que le terminal de contrôle de " "l'appelant ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "employ the obsolete B(2) system call;" msgstr "utiliser l'appel système obsolète B(2) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "employ the obsolete B(2) system call;" msgstr "utiliser l'appel système obsolète B(2) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "perform various privileged block-device B(2) operations;" msgstr "" "effectuer diverses opérations B(2) sur des périphériques bloc " "nécessitant des droits ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "perform various privileged filesystem B(2) operations;" msgstr "" "effectuer diverses opérations B(2) sur des systèmes de fichiers " "nécessitant des droits ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "perform privileged B(2) operations on the I device (see " "B(4));" msgstr "" "effectuer des opérations B(2) nécessitant des droits sur le " "périphérique I (consultez B(4)) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "install a B(2) filter without first having to set the " "I thread attribute;" msgstr "" "installer un filtre B(2) sans avoir à définir d'abord l'attribut de " "thread I ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "modify allow/deny rules for device control groups;" msgstr "" "modifier les règles d'autorisation ou d'interdiction pour les groupes de " "contrôle de périphérique ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "employ the B(2) B operation to dump " "tracee's seccomp filters;" msgstr "" "utiliser l'opération B de B(2) pour vider " "les filtres seccomp de l'observé ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "employ the B(2) B operation to suspend the " "tracee's seccomp protections (i.e., the B flag);" msgstr "" "utiliser l'opération B de B(2) pour suspendre les " "protections seccomp de l'observé (c'est-à-dire l'attribut " "B) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "perform administrative operations on many device drivers;" msgstr "" "effectuer des opérations d'administration sur de nombreux pilotes de " "périphériques ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "modify autogroup nice values by writing to IpidI (see " "B(7))." msgstr "" "modifier les valeurs de courtoisie de l'autogroupe en écrivant dans IpidI (consultez B(7))." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Use B(2) and B(2)." msgstr "Utiliser B(2) et B(2)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Use B(2);" msgstr "Utiliser B(2) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "change mount namespaces using B(2)." msgstr "modifier l'espace de noms montage en utilisant B(2)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Load and unload kernel modules (see B(2) and " "B(2));" msgstr "" "Charger ou décharger des modules noyaux (consultez B(2) et " "B(2)) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "before Linux 2.6.25: drop capabilities from the system-wide capability " "bounding set." msgstr "" "avant Linux 2.6.25 : enlever des capacités de l'ensemble de limitation de " "capacités au niveau du système." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Lower the process nice value (B(2), B(2)) and change the " "nice value for arbitrary processes;" msgstr "" "Baisser la valeur de courtoisie (« nice ») (B(2), B(2)) " "et changer la courtoisie de n'importe quel processus ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "set real-time scheduling policies for calling process, and set scheduling " "policies and priorities for arbitrary processes (B(2), " "B(2), B(2));" msgstr "" "définir les politiques d'ordonnancement temps réel pour le processus " "appelant et les politiques d'ordonnancement et les priorités de n'importe " "quel processus (B(2), B(2), " "B(2))\\ ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "set CPU affinity for arbitrary processes (B(2));" msgstr "" "définir l'affinité CPU pour n'importe quel processus " "(B(2)) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "set I/O scheduling class and priority for arbitrary processes " "(B(2));" msgstr "" "définir la classe et la priorité d'ordonnancement d'entrées/sorties pour " "n'importe quel processus (B(2)) ;" #. FIXME CAP_SYS_NICE also has the following effect for #. migrate_pages(2): #. do_migrate_pages(mm, &old, &new, #. capable(CAP_SYS_NICE) ? MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL : MPOL_MF_MOVE); #. Document this. #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "apply B(2) to arbitrary processes and allow processes to be " "migrated to arbitrary nodes;" msgstr "" "appliquer B(2) à n'importe quel processus et migrer un " "processus vers n'importe quel nœud\\ ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "apply B(2) to arbitrary processes;" msgstr "appliquer B(2) pour n'importe quel processus ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "use the B flag with B(2) and B(2)." msgstr "" "utiliser l'attribut B avec B(2) et B(2)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Use B(2)." msgstr "Utiliser B(2)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Trace arbitrary processes using B(2);" msgstr "Suivre n'importe quel processus avec B(2) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "apply B(2) to arbitrary processes;" msgstr "appliquer B(2) à n'importe quel processus ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "transfer data to or from the memory of arbitrary processes using " "B(2) and B(2);" msgstr "" "transférer les données depuis ou vers la mémoire de n'importe quel processus " "au moyen de B(2) et de B(2) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "inspect processes using B(2)." msgstr "examiner les processus avec B(2)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Perform I/O port operations (B(2) and B(2));" msgstr "" "Effectuer des opérations d'entrées-sorties (B(2) et B(2)) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "access I;" msgstr "accéder à I ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "employ the B B(2) operation;" msgstr "utiliser l'opération B de B(2) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "open devices for accessing x86 model-specific registers (MSRs, see " "B(4));" msgstr "" "ouvrir les périphériques pour accéder aux registres spécifiques au modèle " "(MSR, consultez B(4)) d'un processeur x86 ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "update I;" msgstr "mettre à jour I ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "create memory mappings at addresses below the value specified by I;" msgstr "" "créer des projections en mémoire aux adresses inférieures à la valeur " "indiquée par I ;" # Local fix /proc/bus/pci reported upstream, #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "map files in I;" msgstr "projeter les fichiers dans I ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "open I and I;" msgstr "ouvrir I et I ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "perform various SCSI device commands;" msgstr "effectuer diverses commandes de périphérique SCSI ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "perform certain operations on B(4) and B(4) devices;" msgstr "" "effectuer certaines opérations sur les périphériques B(4) et " "B(4) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "perform a range of device-specific operations on other devices." msgstr "" "effectuer certaines opérations spécifiques à un périphérique sur d'autres " "périphériques." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Use reserved space on ext2 filesystems;" msgstr "Utiliser de l'espace réservé sur des systèmes de fichiers ext2 ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "make B(2) calls controlling ext3 journaling;" msgstr "" "effectuer des appels B(2) pour contrôler la journalisation ext3 ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "override disk quota limits;" msgstr "ne pas tenir compte des limites de quota disque ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "increase resource limits (see B(2));" msgstr "augmenter les limites de ressources (consultez B(2))\\ ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "override maximum number of consoles on console allocation;" msgstr "" "ne pas tenir compte du nombre maximal de consoles sur l'allocation de " "console ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "override maximum number of keymaps;" msgstr "ne pas tenir compte du nombre maximal de dispositions de clavier ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "allow more than 64hz interrupts from the real-time clock;" msgstr "" "permettre des interruptions à plus de 64 Hz depuis l'horloge temps réel ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "raise I limit for a System V message queue above the limit in I (see B(2) and B(2));" msgstr "" "augmenter la limite I pour la file de messages System V au-" "dessus de la limite I (consultez B(2) et " "B(2)) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "allow the B resource limit on the number of \"in-flight\" " "file descriptors to be bypassed when passing file descriptors to another " "process via a UNIX domain socket (see B(7));" msgstr "" "permettre le contournement de la limite de ressource B sur le " "nombre de descripteurs de fichiers « en cours » lors de leur transmission à " "un autre processus au moyen d'un socket de domaine UNIX (consultez " "B(7)) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "override the I limit when setting the capacity " "of a pipe using the B B(2) command;" msgstr "" "ne pas tenir compte de la limite I lors du " "réglage de la capacité d'un tube avec la commande B(2) avec " "l'argument B ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "use B to increase the capacity of a pipe above the limit " "specified by I;" msgstr "" "utiliser B pour augmenter la capacité d'un tube au-dessus de " "la limite spécifiée par I ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "override I, I, " "and I limits when creating POSIX message " "queues (see B(7));" msgstr "" "ne pas tenir compte des limites I, I et I lors de la " "création de files de messages POSIX (consultez B(7)) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "employ the B(2) B operation;" msgstr "utiliser l'opération B de B(2) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "set IpidI to a value lower than the value last set " "by a process with B." msgstr "" "affecter à IpidI une valeur inférieure à la dernière " "valeur affectée par un processus avec B." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Set system clock (B(2), B(2), B(2)); set real-" "time (hardware) clock." msgstr "" "Modifier l'heure système (B(2), B(2), " "B(2))\\ ; modifier l'horloge temps réel (matérielle)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Use B(2); employ various privileged B(2) operations on " "virtual terminals." msgstr "" "Utiliser B(2) ; employer diverses opérations B(2) " "nécessitant des droits sur des terminaux virtuels." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B (since Linux 2.6.37)" msgstr "B (depuis Linux 2.6.37)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Perform privileged B(2) operations. See B(2) for " "information on which operations require privilege." msgstr "" "Effectuer des opérations B(2) nécessitant des droits. Consultez " "B(2) pour savoir quelles opérations nécessitent des droits." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "View kernel addresses exposed via I and other interfaces when I has the value 1. (See the discussion of the " "I in B(5).)" msgstr "" "Inspecter les adresses du noyau exposées par I et d'autres interfaces " "lorsque I a la valeur 1. (Voir la discussion " "sur I dans B(5).)" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B (since Linux 3.0)" msgstr "B (depuis Linux 3.0)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Trigger something that will wake up the system (set B " "and B timers)." msgstr "" "Déclencher quelque chose qui réveillera le système (réglage des alarmes " "B et B)." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Past and current implementation" msgstr "Implémentations passées et actuelles" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "A full implementation of capabilities requires that:" msgstr "Une implémentation complète des capacités nécessite que\\ :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "For all privileged operations, the kernel must check whether the thread has " "the required capability in its effective set." msgstr "" "pour toutes les opérations privilégiées, le noyau doit vérifier si le thread " "a la capacité requise dans son ensemble effectif\\ ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The kernel must provide system calls allowing a thread's capability sets to " "be changed and retrieved." msgstr "" "le noyau doit fournir des appels système permettant de changer et récupérer " "les ensembles de capacités d'un thread ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The filesystem must support attaching capabilities to an executable file, so " "that a process gains those capabilities when the file is executed." msgstr "" "le système de fichiers doit permettre d'attacher des capacités aux fichiers " "exécutables pour qu'un processus en dispose quand le fichier est exécuté." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Before Linux 2.6.24, only the first two of these requirements are met; since " "Linux 2.6.24, all three requirements are met." msgstr "" "Avant Linux 2.6.24, seules les deux premières exigences sont remplies ; " "depuis Linux 2.6.24, ces trois exigences sont remplies." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Notes to kernel developers" msgstr "Remarques pour les développeurs du noyau" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "When adding a new kernel feature that should be governed by a capability, " "consider the following points." msgstr "" "Lors de l'ajout d'une nouvelle fonctionnalité du noyau qui pourrait être " "contrôlée par une capacité, veuillez prendre en considération les points " "suivants :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The goal of capabilities is divide the power of superuser into pieces, such " "that if a program that has one or more capabilities is compromised, its " "power to do damage to the system would be less than the same program running " "with root privilege." msgstr "" "Le but des capacités est de découper le pouvoir du superutilisateur en " "plusieurs aptitudes de telle sorte que si un programme qui a une ou " "plusieurs capacités est compromis, son pouvoir d'endommager le système soit " "moindre que si le programme est exécuté avec les privilèges du " "superutilisateur." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "You have the choice of either creating a new capability for your new " "feature, or associating the feature with one of the existing capabilities. " "In order to keep the set of capabilities to a manageable size, the latter " "option is preferable, unless there are compelling reasons to take the former " "option. (There is also a technical limit: the size of capability sets is " "currently limited to 64 bits.)" msgstr "" "Vous pouvez choisir de créer une nouvelle capacité pour votre nouvelle " "fonctionnalité, ou d'associer la fonctionnalité à l'une des capacités " "existantes. Afin que l'ensemble des capacités garde une taille gérable, la " "seconde solution est préférable, à moins qu'il y ait des raisons " "convaincantes de choisir la première option (il existe aussi une limite " "technique : la taille des ensembles de capacités est actuellement limitée à " "64 bits)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "To determine which existing capability might best be associated with your " "new feature, review the list of capabilities above in order to find a " "\"silo\" into which your new feature best fits. One approach to take is to " "determine if there are other features requiring capabilities that will " "always be used along with the new feature. If the new feature is useless " "without these other features, you should use the same capability as the " "other features." msgstr "" "Pour déterminer parmi les capacités existantes laquelle est la mieux adaptée " "pour être associée à la nouvelle fonctionnalité, examinez la liste de " "capacités ci-dessus pour trouver un « silo » dans lequel la nouvelle " "capacité est la mieux adaptée. Une des options est de déterminer s'il y a " "d'autres fonctionnalités exigeant des capacités qui seront toujours " "utilisées avec la nouvelle fonctionnalité. Si la nouvelle fonctionnalité ne " "sert à rien sans les autres fonctions, vous devriez utiliser la même " "capacité que ces autres fonctions." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "I choose B if you can possibly avoid it! A vast " "proportion of existing capability checks are associated with this capability " "(see the partial list above). It can plausibly be called \"the new root\", " "since on the one hand, it confers a wide range of powers, and on the other " "hand, its broad scope means that this is the capability that is required by " "many privileged programs. Don't make the problem worse. The only new " "features that should be associated with B are ones that " "I match existing uses in that silo." msgstr "" "I B si vous pouvez l'éviter ! Une forte " "proportion de vérifications de capacités existantes lui sont associée (voir " "une liste partielle plus haut). Elle pourrait plausiblement être appelée " "« la nouvelle racine », dans la mesure où d'une part, elle confère une large " "palette de pouvoirs, et d'autre part, sa vaste portée signifie que c'est la " "capacité qui est requise par de nombreux programmes privilégiés. Ne rendez " "pas le problème encore plus compliqué. Les seules nouvelles fonctionnalités " "qui pourraient être associées à B sont celles qui " "correspondent de façon I<étroite> aux usages existants dans ce silo." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If you have determined that it really is necessary to create a new " "capability for your feature, don't make or name it as a \"single-use\" " "capability. Thus, for example, the addition of the highly specific " "B was probably a mistake. Instead, try to identify and name " "your new capability as a broader silo into which other related future use " "cases might fit." msgstr "" "Si vous avez établi qu'il était réellement nécessaire de créer une nouvelle " "capacité pour votre fonctionnalité, ne la créez pas ou ne la nommez pas " "comme une capacité « à usage unique ». Par conséquent, par exemple, l'ajout " "de la capacité très spécifique B était probablement une " "erreur. Essayez plutôt d'identifier et de nommer votre nouvelle capacité " "comme un silo plus général dans lequel d'autres futures cas d'usage " "semblable pourraient s'intégrer." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Thread capability sets" msgstr "Ensembles de capacités des threads" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Each thread has the following capability sets containing zero or more of the " "above capabilities:" msgstr "" "Chaque thread a les ensembles de capacités suivants contenant zéro ou plus " "des capacités ci-dessus\\ :" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "I (permis)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This is a limiting superset for the effective capabilities that the thread " "may assume. It is also a limiting superset for the capabilities that may be " "added to the inheritable set by a thread that does not have the " "B capability in its effective set." msgstr "" "Il s'agit d'un surensemble limitant les capacités effectives que le thread " "peut prendre. Il limite également les capacités qui peuvent être ajoutées à " "l'ensemble héritable par un thread qui n'a pas la capacité B " "dans son ensemble effectif." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If a thread drops a capability from its permitted set, it can never " "reacquire that capability (unless it B(2)s either a set-user-ID-root " "program, or a program whose associated file capabilities grant that " "capability)." msgstr "" "Si un processus supprime une capacité de son ensemble de capacités permises, " "il ne peut plus jamais la récupérer (sauf s'il appelle B(2) sur un " "programme set-user-ID-root ou un programme dont les capacités associées au " "fichier accordent cette capacité)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "I (héritable)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This is a set of capabilities preserved across an B(2). Inheritable " "capabilities remain inheritable when executing any program, and inheritable " "capabilities are added to the permitted set when executing a program that " "has the corresponding bits set in the file inheritable set." msgstr "" "Il s'agit d'un ensemble de capacités préservées au travers d'un " "B(2). Les capacités héritables restent héritables lors de " "l'exécution d'un programme et les capacités héritables sont ajoutées à " "l'ensemble de capacités permises lors de l'exécution d'un programme qui a " "les bits correspondant activés dans l'ensemble héritable du fichier." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Because inheritable capabilities are not generally preserved across " "B(2) when running as a non-root user, applications that wish to run " "helper programs with elevated capabilities should consider using ambient " "capabilities, described below." msgstr "" "Parce que les capacités héritables ne sont généralement pas préservées au " "travers d'un B(2) lors d'une exécution en tant qu'utilisateur " "ordinaire, les applications qui souhaitent exécuter des programmes " "d'assistance avec des capacités plus élevées devraient envisager d'utiliser " "les capacités ambiantes, décrites ci-dessous." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "I (effectif)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This is the set of capabilities used by the kernel to perform permission " "checks for the thread." msgstr "" "Il s'agit de l'ensemble des capacités utilisées par le noyau pour vérifier " "les permissions du thread." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "I (per-thread since Linux 2.6.25)" msgstr "I (limitation) (par processus depuis Linux 2.6.25)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The capability bounding set is a mechanism that can be used to limit the " "capabilities that are gained during B(2)." msgstr "" "L’ensemble de limitation des capacités (« capability bounding set ») est un " "mécanisme qui peut être utilisé pour limiter les capacités qui peuvent être " "obtenues lors d'un B(2)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Since Linux 2.6.25, this is a per-thread capability set. In older kernels, " "the capability bounding set was a system wide attribute shared by all " "threads on the system." msgstr "" "Depuis Linux 2.6.25, c'est un ensemble de capacités par thread. Dans les " "noyaux plus anciens, la limitation des capacités était un attribut pour " "l'ensemble du système, partagé par tous les threads du système." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "For more details, see I below." msgstr "" "Pour plus de détails, voir I, ci-" "dessous." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "I (since Linux 4.3)" msgstr "I (ambiant) (depuis Linux 4.3)" #. commit 58319057b7847667f0c9585b9de0e8932b0fdb08 #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This is a set of capabilities that are preserved across an B(2) of " "a program that is not privileged. The ambient capability set obeys the " "invariant that no capability can ever be ambient if it is not both permitted " "and inheritable." msgstr "" "Il s'agit d'un ensemble de capacités préservées au travers d'un B(2) " "d'un programme non privilégié. L'ensemble de capacités ambiantes obéit à la " "règle invariable qu'aucune capacité ne peut être ambiante si elle n'est pas " "à la fois permise et héritable." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The ambient capability set can be directly modified using B(2). " "Ambient capabilities are automatically lowered if either of the " "corresponding permitted or inheritable capabilities is lowered." msgstr "" "L'ensemble de capacités ambiantes peut être directement modifié avec " "B(2). Les capacités ambiantes sont automatiquement diminuées si une " "capacités soit permises soit héritables correspondantes sont diminuées." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Executing a program that changes UID or GID due to the set-user-ID or set-" "group-ID bits or executing a program that has any file capabilities set will " "clear the ambient set. Ambient capabilities are added to the permitted set " "and assigned to the effective set when B(2) is called. If ambient " "capabilities cause a process's permitted and effective capabilities to " "increase during an B(2), this does not trigger the secure-execution " "mode described in B(8)." msgstr "" "L'exécution d'un programme qui change l'UID ou le GID à cause des bits set-" "user-ID ou set-group-ID, ou l'exécution d'un programme qui a un ensemble de " "capacités de fichier supprimera l'ensemble ambiant. Les capacités ambiantes " "sont ajoutées à l'ensemble des capacités permises et assignées à l'ensemble " "des capacités effectives quand B(2) est appelé. Si les capacités " "ambiantes font que les capacités permises et ambiantes d'un processus sont " "accrues durant un B(2), cela ne déclenche pas le mode « secure-" "execution » décrit dans B(8)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A child created via B(2) inherits copies of its parent's capability " "sets. For details on how B(2) affects capabilities, see " "I below." msgstr "" "Un enfant créé par B(2) hérite d'une copie des ensembles de capacités " "de son parent. Pour des détails sur la façon dont B(2) affecte les " "capacités, voir I " "plus bas." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Using B(2), a thread may manipulate its own capability sets; see " "I below." msgstr "" "En utilisant B(2), un thread peut manipuler ses propres ensembles de " "capacités ; voir I ci-" "dessous)." #. commit 73efc0394e148d0e15583e13712637831f926720 #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Since Linux 3.2, the file I exposes the " "numerical value of the highest capability supported by the running kernel; " "this can be used to determine the highest bit that may be set in a " "capability set." msgstr "" "À partir de Linux 3.2, le fichier I contient " "la valeur numérique de la capacité la plus élevée qui soit acceptée par le " "noyau en cours d'exécution ; cette valeur peut être utilisée pour déterminer " "le bit le plus élevé qui puisse être défini dans un ensemble de capacités." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "File capabilities" msgstr "Capacités de fichier" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Since Linux 2.6.24, the kernel supports associating capability sets with an " "executable file using B(8). The file capability sets are stored in " "an extended attribute (see B(2) and B(7)) named " "I. Writing to this extended attribute requires the " "B capability. The file capability sets, in conjunction with " "the capability sets of the thread, determine the capabilities of a thread " "after an B(2)." msgstr "" "Depuis Linux 2.6.24, le noyau prend en charge l'association d'ensembles de " "capacités avec un fichier exécutable à l'aide de B(8). Les ensembles " "de capacités du fichier sont stockés dans un attribut étendu (consultez " "B(2) et B(7)) appelé I. Écrire dans " "cet attribut étendu nécessite la capacité B. Les ensembles de " "capacités d'un fichier, combinés avec les ensembles de capacités du thread, " "déterminent les capacités d'un thread après un B(2)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "The three file capability sets are:" msgstr "Les trois ensembles de capacités de fichier sont :" # NOTE: attention permitted/allowed # NOTE: => à relire #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "I (formerly known as I):" msgstr "I (anciennement I (forcé))\\ :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "These capabilities are automatically permitted to the thread, regardless of " "the thread's inheritable capabilities." msgstr "" "Ces capacités sont automatiquement permises au thread, quelles que soient " "ses capacités héritables." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "I (formerly known as I):" msgstr "I (anciennement I (autorisé))\\ :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This set is ANDed with the thread's inheritable set to determine which " "inheritable capabilities are enabled in the permitted set of the thread " "after the B(2)." msgstr "" "Cet ensemble est combiné par un ET avec l'ensemble héritable du thread pour " "savoir quelles capacités de l'ensemble des capacités héritables sont " "permises dans l’ensemble permis du thread après l'appel à B(2)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "I:" msgstr "I (effectif)\\ :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This is not a set, but rather just a single bit. If this bit is set, then " "during an B(2) all of the new permitted capabilities for the thread " "are also raised in the effective set. If this bit is not set, then after an " "B(2), none of the new permitted capabilities is in the new effective " "set." msgstr "" "Il ne s'agit pas d'un ensemble, mais plutôt d'un unique bit. Si le bit est " "positionné, alors, lors d'un B(2), toutes les nouvelles capacités " "permises pour le thread sont également positionnées dans l'ensemble " "effectif. Si ce bit n'est pas positionné, alors, après un B(2), " "aucune des nouvelles capacités permises ne se trouvera dans le nouvel " "ensemble effectif." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Enabling the file effective capability bit implies that any file permitted " "or inheritable capability that causes a thread to acquire the corresponding " "permitted capability during an B(2) (see I below) will also acquire that capability in " "its effective set. Therefore, when assigning capabilities to a file " "(B(8), B(3), B(3)), if we specify the " "effective flag as being enabled for any capability, then the effective flag " "must also be specified as enabled for all other capabilities for which the " "corresponding permitted or inheritable flag is enabled." msgstr "" "Activer le bit des capacités effectives d'un fichier implique que toute " "capacité de fichier permise ou héritable qui permet à un thread d'obtenir " "les capacités permises correspondantes lors d'un B(2) (consultez " "I ci-dessous) fera " "que ce fichier aura aussi cette capacité dans son ensemble effectif. Ainsi, " "lors de l'ajout de capacités à un fichier (B(8), B(3), " "B(3)), si l’attribut effectif pour une des capacités est activé, " "alors l'attribut effectif doit également être activé pour toutes les autres " "capacités dont l’attribut permis ou héritable correspondant est activé." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "File capability extended attribute versioning" msgstr "Versionnage d'attributs étendus de capacité de fichier" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "To allow extensibility, the kernel supports a scheme to encode a version " "number inside the I extended attribute that is used to " "implement file capabilities. These version numbers are internal to the " "implementation, and not directly visible to user-space applications. To " "date, the following versions are supported:" msgstr "" "Pour permettre l'extensibilité, le noyau prend en charge un système pour " "coder un numéro de version dans l'attribut étendu I qui " "est utilisé pour implémenter les capacités de fichier. Ces numéros de " "version sont intégrés à l'implémentation et pas directement visibles aux " "applications de l'espace utilisateur. À ce jour, les versions suivantes sont " "prise en charge :" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This was the original file capability implementation, which supported 32-bit " "masks for file capabilities." msgstr "" "C'était l'implémentation d'origine de la capacité de fichier qui prenait en " "charge les masques 32 bits pour les capacités de fichier." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B (since Linux 2.6.25)" msgstr "B (depuis Linux 2.6.25)" #. commit e338d263a76af78fe8f38a72131188b58fceb591 #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This version allows for file capability masks that are 64 bits in size, and " "was necessary as the number of supported capabilities grew beyond 32. The " "kernel transparently continues to support the execution of files that have " "32-bit version 1 capability masks, but when adding capabilities to files " "that did not previously have capabilities, or modifying the capabilities of " "existing files, it automatically uses the version 2 scheme (or possibly the " "version 3 scheme, as described below)." msgstr "" "Cette version permet des masques de capacité de fichier d'une taille de " "64 bits, ce qui était nécessaire, car le nombre de capacités prises en " "charge dépassait 32. Le noyau continue de façon transparente à prendre en " "charge l'exécution de fichiers qui ont des masques de capacité version 1 " "32 bits, mais lors de l'ajout de capacités à des fichiers qui n'avaient pas " "encore de capacités ou lors de la modification des capacités de fichiers " "existants, il utilise automatiquement le système de la version 2 (ou " "éventuellement la version 3, comme décrit plus bas)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B (since Linux 4.14)" msgstr "B (depuis Linux 4.14)" #. commit 8db6c34f1dbc8e06aa016a9b829b06902c3e1340 #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Version 3 file capabilities are provided to support namespaced file " "capabilities (described below)." msgstr "" "Les capacités de fichier version 3 sont fournies pour prendre en charge les " "capacités de fichier mises dans un espace de noms (décrites plus bas)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "As with version 2 file capabilities, version 3 capability masks are 64 bits " "in size. But in addition, the root user ID of namespace is encoded in the " "I extended attribute. (A namespace's root user ID is " "the value that user ID 0 inside that namespace maps to in the initial user " "namespace.)" msgstr "" "Comme avec les capacités de fichier version 2, les masques de capacité " "version 3 ont une longueur de 64 bits. Mais en complément, l'UID root de " "l'espace de noms est codé dans l'attribut étendu I (un " "UID root d'espace de noms est la valeur à laquelle l'UID 0 dans cet espace " "de noms correspond dans l'espace de noms utilisateur initial)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Version 3 file capabilities are designed to coexist with version 2 " "capabilities; that is, on a modern Linux system, there may be some files " "with version 2 capabilities while others have version 3 capabilities." msgstr "" "Les capacités de fichier version 3 sont conçues pour coexister avec les " "capacités version 2 ; c'est-à-dire que, sur un système Linux moderne, il " "peut y avoir certains fichiers avec des capacités version 2 tandis que " "d'autres ont des capacités version 3." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Before Linux 4.14, the only kind of file capability extended attribute that " "could be attached to a file was a B attribute. Since " "Linux 4.14, the version of the I extended attribute " "that is attached to a file depends on the circumstances in which the " "attribute was created." msgstr "" "Avant Linux 4.14, le seul type d'attribut étendu de capacité de fichier qui " "pouvait être attaché à un fichier était un attribut B. " "Depuis Linux 4.14, la version de l'attribut étendu I " "attaché à un fichier dépend des circonstances dans lesquelles l'attribut a " "été créé." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Starting with Linux 4.14, a I extended attribute is " "automatically created as (or converted to) a version 3 " "(B) attribute if both of the following are true:" msgstr "" "À partir de Linux 4.14, un attribut étendu I est créé " "automatiquement (ou converti) en attribut version 3 (B) " "si les deux conditions suivantes sont vraies :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The thread writing the attribute resides in a noninitial user namespace. " "(More precisely: the thread resides in a user namespace other than the one " "from which the underlying filesystem was mounted.)" msgstr "" "Le thread qui écrit l'attribut réside dans un espace de noms utilisateur non " "initial (plus précisément, le thread réside dans un espace de noms " "utilisateur autre que celui à partir duquel le système de fichiers sous-" "jacent a été monté)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The thread has the B capability over the file inode, meaning " "that (a) the thread has the B capability in its own user " "namespace; and (b) the UID and GID of the file inode have mappings in the " "writer's user namespace." msgstr "" "Le thread a la capacité B sur l'inœud du fichier, ce qui veut " "dire que (a) le thread a la capacité B dans son propre espace " "de noms utilisateur et (b) l'UID et le GID de l'inœud du fichier a des " "correspondances dans l'espace de noms utilisateur de celui qui écrit." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "When a B I extended attribute is " "created, the root user ID of the creating thread's user namespace is saved " "in the extended attribute." msgstr "" "Quand un attribut étendu I B est " "créé, l'UID root de l'espace de noms utilisateur du thread qui crée " "l'attribut est enregistré dans l'attribut étendu." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "By contrast, creating or modifying a I extended " "attribute from a privileged (B) thread that resides in the " "namespace where the underlying filesystem was mounted (this normally means " "the initial user namespace) automatically results in the creation of a " "version 2 (B) attribute." msgstr "" "Par contre, la création ou la modification d'un attribut étendu I à partir d'un thread privilégié (B) qui réside dans " "l'espace de noms où le système de fichiers sous-jacent a été monté (ce qui " "correspond normalement à l'espace de noms utilisateur initial) a " "automatiquement pour conséquence la création d'un attribut version 2 " "(B)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Note that the creation of a version 3 I extended " "attribute is automatic. That is to say, when a user-space application " "writes (B(2)) a I attribute in the version 2 " "format, the kernel will automatically create a version 3 attribute if the " "attribute is created in the circumstances described above. Correspondingly, " "when a version 3 I attribute is retrieved " "(B(2)) by a process that resides inside a user namespace that was " "created by the root user ID (or a descendant of that user namespace), the " "returned attribute is (automatically) simplified to appear as a version 2 " "attribute (i.e., the returned value is the size of a version 2 attribute and " "does not include the root user ID). These automatic translations mean that " "no changes are required to user-space tools (e.g., B(1) and " "B(1)) in order for those tools to be used to create and retrieve " "version 3 I attributes." msgstr "" "Veuillez noter que la création d'un attribut étendu I " "version 3 est automatique. C'est-à-dire que losrsqu'une application de " "l'espace utilisateur écrit (B(2)) un attribut I au format de la version 2, le noyau créera automatiquement un " "attribut version 3 si l'attribut est créé dans les conditions décrites plus " "haut. En parallèle, quand un attribut I version 3 est " "récupéré (B(2)) par un processus qui réside dans un espace de noms " "utilisateur qui a été créé par l'UID root (ou un descendant de cet espace de " "noms utilisateur), l'attribut renvoyé est (automatiquement) simplifié pour " "apparaître comme un attribut version 2 (c'est-à-dire que la valeur renvoyée " "est la taille de l'attribut version 2 et n'inclut pas l'UID root). Ces " "transpositions automatiques signifient qu'aucune modification n'est requise " "pour les outils de l'espace utilisateur (par exemple B(1) " "B(1)) pour que ces outils soient utilisés pour créer et récupérer " "des attributs I version 3." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Note that a file can have either a version 2 or a version 3 I extended attribute associated with it, but not both: creation or " "modification of the I extended attribute will " "automatically modify the version according to the circumstances in which the " "extended attribute is created or modified." msgstr "" "Veuillez noter qu'un fichier peut se voir associé un attribut étendu " "I version 2 ou version 3, mais pas les deux à la fois : " "la création ou la modification de l'attribut étendu I " "modifiera automatiquement la version selon les conditions dans lesquelles " "l'attribut étendu est créé ou modifié." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Transformation of capabilities during execve()" msgstr "Transformation des capacités lors d'un appel execve()" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "During an B(2), the kernel calculates the new capabilities of the " "process using the following algorithm:" msgstr "" "Durant un B(2), le noyau calcule les nouvelles capacités du " "processus en utilisant l'algorithme suivant\\ :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "" "P'(ambient) = (file is privileged) ? 0 : P(ambient)\n" "\\&\n" "P'(permitted) = (P(inheritable) & F(inheritable)) |\n" " (F(permitted) & P(bounding)) | P'(ambient)\n" "\\&\n" "P'(effective) = F(effective) ? P'(permitted) : P'(ambient)\n" "\\&\n" "P'(inheritable) = P(inheritable) [i.e., unchanged]\n" "\\&\n" "P'(bounding) = P(bounding) [i.e., unchanged]\n" msgstr "" "P'(ambient) = (le fichier est privilégié) ? 0 : P(ambient)\n" "\\&\n" "P'(permitted) = (P(inheritable) & F(inheritable)) |\n" " (F(permitted) & P(bounding)) | P'(ambient)\n" "\\&\n" "P'(effective) = F(effective) ? P'(permitted) : P'(ambient)\n" "\\&\n" "P'(inheritable) = P(inheritable) [c'est-à-dire inchangé]\n" "\\&\n" "P'(bounding) = P(bounding) [c'est-à-dire inchangé]\n" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "where:" msgstr "où :" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "P()" msgstr "P()" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "denotes the value of a thread capability set before the B(2)" msgstr "" "indique la valeur d'un ensemble de capacités du thread avant le B(2)" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "P'()" msgstr "P'()" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "denotes the value of a thread capability set after the B(2)" msgstr "" "indique la valeur d'un ensemble de capacités du thread après le B(2)" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "F()" msgstr "F()" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "denotes a file capability set" msgstr "indique la valeur d'un ensemble de capacités du fichier" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Note the following details relating to the above capability transformation " "rules:" msgstr "" "Veuillez noter les détails suivants concernant les règles de transformation " "de capacités ci-dessus :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The ambient capability set is present only since Linux 4.3. When " "determining the transformation of the ambient set during B(2), a " "privileged file is one that has capabilities or has the set-user-ID or set-" "group-ID bit set." msgstr "" "L'ensemble de capacités ambiantes est présent seulement depuis Linux 4.3. " "Lors de la détermination de la transformation de l'ensemble ambiant durant " "un B(2), un fichier privilégié est un fichier qui a des capacités ou " "le bit set-user-ID ou le bit set-group-ID positionné." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Prior to Linux 2.6.25, the bounding set was a system-wide attribute shared " "by all threads. That system-wide value was employed to calculate the new " "permitted set during B(2) in the same manner as shown above for " "I." msgstr "" "Avant Linux 2.6.25, l'ensemble de limitation de capacités était un attribut " "au niveau du système, partagé par tous les threads. Cette valeur au niveau " "du système était employée pour calculer le nouvel ensemble de capacités " "permises durant un B(2) de la même manière que cela est montré plus " "haut pour I." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "I: during the capability transitions described above, file " "capabilities may be ignored (treated as empty) for the same reasons that the " "set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits are ignored; see B(2). File " "capabilities are similarly ignored if the kernel was booted with the " "I option." msgstr "" "I : durant les transitions de capacité décrite plus haut, les " "capacités de fichier peuvent être ignorées (traitées comme si elles étaient " "vides) pour les mêmes raisons que les bits set-user-ID et set-group-ID sont " "ignorés ; voir B(2). Les capacités de fichier sont ignorées de la " "même manière si le noyau a été lancé avec l'option I." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "I: according to the rules above, if a process with nonzero user IDs " "performs an B(2) then any capabilities that are present in its " "permitted and effective sets will be cleared. For the treatment of " "capabilities when a process with a user ID of zero performs an B(2), " "see I below." msgstr "" "I : conformément aux règles ci-dessus, si un processus avec des UID " "différents de zéro exécutent un B(2), alors toutes les capacités " "présentes dans son ensemble de capacités permises et effectives seront " "supprimées. Pour le traitement de capacités quand un processus avec un UID " "de zéro exécute un B(2), consultez ci-dessous I." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Safety checking for capability-dumb binaries" msgstr "Vérification de sécurité pour les binaires passives aux capacités" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A capability-dumb binary is an application that has been marked to have file " "capabilities, but has not been converted to use the B(3) API to " "manipulate its capabilities. (In other words, this is a traditional set-" "user-ID-root program that has been switched to use file capabilities, but " "whose code has not been modified to understand capabilities.) For such " "applications, the effective capability bit is set on the file, so that the " "file permitted capabilities are automatically enabled in the process " "effective set when executing the file. The kernel recognizes a file which " "has the effective capability bit set as capability-dumb for the purpose of " "the check described here." msgstr "" "Un binaire passif aux capacités est une application qui a été marquée pour " "avoir des capacités de fichier, mais n'a pas été convertie pour utiliser " "l'API B(3) pour manipuler ses capacités (en d'autres mots, c'est un " "programme set-user-iD-root traditionnel qui a été modifié pour utiliser des " "capacités de fichier, mais dont le code n'a pas été modifié pour comprendre " "les capacités). Pour ce type d'application, le bit de capacité effective est " "défini sur le fichier, de telle sorte que les capacités de fichier permises " "soient activées automatiquement dans l'ensemble de capacités effectives du " "processus lors de l'exécution du fichier. Le noyau reconnaît un fichier qui " "a un bit de capacité effective défini comme passif aux capacités en vue de " "la vérification décrite ici." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "When executing a capability-dumb binary, the kernel checks if the process " "obtained all permitted capabilities that were specified in the file " "permitted set, after the capability transformations described above have " "been performed. (The typical reason why this might I occur is that the " "capability bounding set masked out some of the capabilities in the file " "permitted set.) If the process did not obtain the full set of file " "permitted capabilities, then B(2) fails with the error B. " "This prevents possible security risks that could arise when a capability-" "dumb application is executed with less privilege than it needs. Note that, " "by definition, the application could not itself recognize this problem, " "since it does not employ the B(3) API." msgstr "" "Lors de l'exécution d'un binaire passif aux capacités, le noyau vérifie si " "le processus a obtenu toutes les capacités permises qui sont spécifiées dans " "l'ensemble de capacités permises de fichier, après que les transformations " "de capacité décrites plus haut ont été exécutées (la raison habituelle pour " "laquelle cela pourrait I se produire est que l'ensemble de " "limitation de capacités a interdit certaines des capacités dans l'ensemble " "de capacités permises de fichier). Si le processus n'obtient pas l'ensemble " "complet de capacités permises de fichier, alors l'B(2) échoue avec " "l'erreur B. Cela évite de possibles risques de sécurité qui " "pourraient survenir quand une application passive aux capacités est exécutée " "avec moins de privilèges que nécessaire. Notez que, par définition, " "l'application ne pourrait pas reconnaître elle-même ce problème, dans la " "mesure où elle n'emploie pas l'API B(3)." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Capabilities and execution of programs by root" msgstr "Capacités et exécution de programmes par le superutilisateur" #. See cap_bprm_set_creds(), bprm_caps_from_vfs_cap() and #. handle_privileged_root() in security/commoncap.c (Linux 5.0 source) #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "In order to mirror traditional UNIX semantics, the kernel performs special " "treatment of file capabilities when a process with UID 0 (root) executes a " "program and when a set-user-ID-root program is executed." msgstr "" "Afin de refléter les sémantiques traditionnelles d'UNIX, le noyau effectue " "un traitement particulier des capacités de fichier quand un processus avec " "l'UID 0 (superutilisateur) exécute un programme et quand un programme set-" "user-ID-root est exécuté." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "After having performed any changes to the process effective ID that were " "triggered by the set-user-ID mode bit of the binary\\[em]e.g., switching the " "effective user ID to 0 (root) because a set-user-ID-root program was " "executed\\[em]the kernel calculates the file capability sets as follows:" msgstr "" "Après avoir réalisé toutes les modifications de l'ID effectif du processus " "qui ont été déclenchées par le bit de mode set-user-ID du binaire (par " "exemple, le changement de l'UID à 0 (superutilisateur) parce qu'un programme " "set-user-ID-root a été exécuté), le noyau calcule les ensembles de capacités " "de fichier comme suit :" #. type: IP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "(1)" msgstr "(1)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If the real or effective user ID of the process is 0 (root), then the file " "inheritable and permitted sets are ignored; instead they are notionally " "considered to be all ones (i.e., all capabilities enabled). (There is one " "exception to this behavior, described in I below.)" msgstr "" "Si l'UID réel ou effectif du processus est 0 (superutilisateur), alors les " "ensembles de capacités héritables et permises de fichier sont ignorés ; ils " "sont plutôt considérés théoriquement comme remplis de uns (c'est-à-dire, " "toutes les capacités activées). Il y a une exception à ce comportement, " "décrite ci-dessous dans la section I." #. type: IP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "(2)" msgstr "(2)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If the effective user ID of the process is 0 (root) or the file effective " "bit is in fact enabled, then the file effective bit is notionally defined to " "be one (enabled)." msgstr "" "Si l'UID effectif du processus est 0 (superutilisateur) ou le bit des " "capacités effectives du fichier est en fait activé, alors le bit des " "capacités effectives du fichier est théoriquement défini à un (activé)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "These notional values for the file's capability sets are then used as " "described above to calculate the transformation of the process's " "capabilities during B(2)." msgstr "" "Ces valeurs théoriques pour les ensembles de capacités de fichier sont alors " "utilisées comme décrites ci-dessus pour calculer la transformation des " "capacités du processus durant l'B(2)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Thus, when a process with nonzero UIDs B(2)s a set-user-ID-root " "program that does not have capabilities attached, or when a process whose " "real and effective UIDs are zero B(2)s a program, the calculation of " "the process's new permitted capabilities simplifies to:" msgstr "" "Alors, quand un processus avec des UID différents de zéro appelle " "B(2) sur un programme set-user-ID-root qui n'a pas de capacités " "attachées ou quand un processus dont les UID réel et effectif sont zéro " "applique B(2) sur un programme, le calcul des nouvelles capacités " "permises du processus est simplifié à :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "" "P'(permitted) = P(inheritable) | P(bounding)\n" "\\&\n" "P'(effective) = P'(permitted)\n" msgstr "" "P'(permitted) = P(inheritable) | P(bounding)\n" "\\&\n" "P'(effective) = P'(permitted)\n" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Consequently, the process gains all capabilities in its permitted and " "effective capability sets, except those masked out by the capability " "bounding set. (In the calculation of P'(permitted), the P'(ambient) term " "can be simplified away because it is by definition a proper subset of " "P(inheritable).)" msgstr "" "En conséquence, le processus obtient toutes les capacités dans ses ensembles " "de capacités permises et effectives, à l'exception de celles supprimées par " "l'ensemble de limitation de capacités (dans le calcul de P'(permitted), le " "terme P'(ambient) peut être simplifié parce qu'il est par définition un sous-" "ensemble propre de P(inheritable))." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The special treatments of user ID 0 (root) described in this subsection can " "be disabled using the securebits mechanism described below." msgstr "" "Les traitements particuliers de l'UID 0 (superutilisateur) décrits dans " "cette sous-section peuvent être désactivés en utilisant le mécanisme de " "« securebits » décrit plus bas." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Set-user-ID-root programs that have file capabilities" msgstr "Les programmes set-user-ID-root qui ont des capacités de fichier" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "There is one exception to the behavior described in I above. If (a) the binary that is being " "executed has capabilities attached and (b) the real user ID of the process " "is I 0 (root) and (c) the effective user ID of the process I 0 " "(root), then the file capability bits are honored (i.e., they are not " "notionally considered to be all ones). The usual way in which this " "situation can arise is when executing a set-UID-root program that also has " "file capabilities. When such a program is executed, the process gains just " "the capabilities granted by the program (i.e., not all capabilities, as " "would occur when executing a set-user-ID-root program that does not have any " "associated file capabilities)." msgstr "" "Il y a une exception au comportement décrit dans I ci-dessus. Si (a) le binaire qui est en " "cours d'exécution a des capacités attachées, (b) l'UID réelle du processus " "I pas 0 (supertutilisateur) et (c) l'UID effectif du processus " "I 0 (superutilisateur), alors les bits de capacité de fichier sont " "honorés (c'est-à-dire qu'ils ne sont pas théoriquement considérés comme " "remplis de uns). La circonstance habituelle dans laquelle cette situation " "peut se produire est lors de l'exécution d'un programme set-user-ID-root qui " "a aussi les capacités de fichier. Quand un programme de ce type est exécuté, " "le processus obtient simplement les capacités accordées par le programme " "(c'est-à-dire pas toutes les capacités comme cela pourrait se produire lors " "de l'exécution d'un programme set-user-ID-root qui ne possède aucune " "capacité de fichier associée)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Note that one can assign empty capability sets to a program file, and thus " "it is possible to create a set-user-ID-root program that changes the " "effective and saved set-user-ID of the process that executes the program to " "0, but confers no capabilities to that process." msgstr "" "Notez qu'il est possible d'assigner un ensemble de capacités vide à un " "fichier de programme et donc qu'il est possible de créer un programme set-" "user-ID-root qui modifie en 0 le set-user-ID effectif et sauvegardé du " "processus qui exécute le programme, mais ne confère aucune capacité à ce " "processus." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Capability bounding set" msgstr "Ensemble de limitation des capacités" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The capability bounding set is a security mechanism that can be used to " "limit the capabilities that can be gained during an B(2). The " "bounding set is used in the following ways:" msgstr "" "L’ensemble de limitation des capacités (« capability bounding set ») est un " "mécanisme de sécurité qui peut être utilisé pour limiter les capacités qui " "peuvent être obtenues lors d'un B(2). L’ensemble de limitation de " "capacités est utilisé de cette façon :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "During an B(2), the capability bounding set is ANDed with the file " "permitted capability set, and the result of this operation is assigned to " "the thread's permitted capability set. The capability bounding set thus " "places a limit on the permitted capabilities that may be granted by an " "executable file." msgstr "" "Lors d'un B(2), l’ensemble de limitation de capacités est combinée " "par un ET binaire avec l'ensemble des capacités autorisées du fichier, et le " "résultat de cette opération est placé dans l'ensemble des capacités " "autorisées du thread. L’ensemble de limitation de capacités permet donc de " "limiter les capacités permises qui peuvent être accordées par un fichier " "exécutable." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "(Since Linux 2.6.25) The capability bounding set acts as a limiting " "superset for the capabilities that a thread can add to its inheritable set " "using B(2). This means that if a capability is not in the bounding " "set, then a thread can't add this capability to its inheritable set, even if " "it was in its permitted capabilities, and thereby cannot have this " "capability preserved in its permitted set when it B(2)s a file that " "has the capability in its inheritable set." msgstr "" "(Depuis Linux 2.6.25) L’ensemble de limitation de capacités agit comme un " "surensemble limitant les capacités qu'un thread peut ajouter à son ensemble " "de capacités héritables en utilisant B(2). Cela signifie que si une " "capacité ne se trouve pas dans l'ensemble de limitation des capacités, alors " "un thread ne peut ajouter cette capacité dans son ensemble de capacités " "héritables, même si elle se trouvait dans son ensemble de capacités " "permises, et ne peut donc pas conserver cette capacité dans son ensemble de " "capacités permises lorsqu'il exécute avec B(2) un fichier qui a " "cette capacité dans son ensemble de capacités héritables." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Note that the bounding set masks the file permitted capabilities, but not " "the inheritable capabilities. If a thread maintains a capability in its " "inheritable set that is not in its bounding set, then it can still gain that " "capability in its permitted set by executing a file that has the capability " "in its inheritable set." msgstr "" "Notez que l’ensemble de limitation de capacités masque les capacités " "permises du fichier, mais pas les capacités héritées. Si un thread conserve " "une capacité dans son ensemble de capacités héritées et que cette capacité " "ne se trouve pas dans l'ensemble de limitation des capacités, alors il peut " "toujours obtenir cette capacité dans son ensemble de capacités permises en " "exécutant un fichier qui a la capacité dans son ensemble de capacités " "héritées." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Depending on the kernel version, the capability bounding set is either a " "system-wide attribute, or a per-process attribute." msgstr "" "Suivant la version du noyau, l’ensemble de limitation de capacités est un " "attribut au niveau du système ou un attribut par processus." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "From Linux 2.6.25, the I is a per-thread " "attribute. (The system-wide capability bounding set described below no " "longer exists.)" msgstr "" "Depuis Linux 2.6.25, l’I est un " "attribut par thread. (L'ensemble de limitation de capacités au niveau du " "système décrite ci-dessous n'existe plus.)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The bounding set is inherited at B(2) from the thread's parent, and " "is preserved across an B(2)." msgstr "" "L’ensemble de limitation est hérité du parent du thread au travers d'un " "B(2) et est préservé au travers d'un B(2)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A thread may remove capabilities from its capability bounding set using the " "B(2) B operation, provided it has the " "B capability. Once a capability has been dropped from the " "bounding set, it cannot be restored to that set. A thread can determine if " "a capability is in its bounding set using the B(2) " "B operation." msgstr "" "Un thread peut enlever des capacités de son ensemble de limitation de " "capacités en utilisant l'opération B de B(2), à " "condition qu'il possède la capacité B. Une fois qu'une capacité " "a été supprimée de l'ensemble de limitation, elle ne peut y être remise. Un " "thread peut déterminer si une capacité est dans son ensemble de limitation " "de capacités en utilisant l'opération B de B(2)." #. commit b3a222e52e4d4be77cc4520a57af1a4a0d8222d1 #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Removing capabilities from the bounding set is supported only if file " "capabilities are compiled into the kernel. Before Linux 2.6.33, file " "capabilities were an optional feature configurable via the " "B option. Since Linux 2.6.33, the " "configuration option has been removed and file capabilities are always part " "of the kernel. When file capabilities are compiled into the kernel, the " "B process (the ancestor of all processes) begins with a full bounding " "set. If file capabilities are not compiled into the kernel, then B " "begins with a full bounding set minus B, because this " "capability has a different meaning when there are no file capabilities." msgstr "" "La suppression de capacités dans l'ensemble de limitation des capacités " "n'est prise en charge que si les capacités de fichier sont compilées dans le " "noyau. Avant Linux 2.6.33, les capacités de fichier étaient une " "fonctionnalité optionnelle configurable ua moyen de l'option " "B. Depuis Linux 2.6.33, l'option de " "configuration a été supprimée et les capacités de fichier font maintenant " "toujours partie du noyau. Quand les capacités de fichier sont compilées dans " "le noyau, le processus B (l'ancêtre de tous les processus) démarre " "avec un ensemble de limitation complet. Si les capacités de fichier ne sont " "pas compilées dans le noyau, B démarre alors avec un ensemble de " "limitation complet, à l'exception de B, parce que cette " "capacité a une autre signification quand il n'y a pas de capacités de " "fichier." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Removing a capability from the bounding set does not remove it from the " "thread's inheritable set. However it does prevent the capability from being " "added back into the thread's inheritable set in the future." msgstr "" "Supprimer une capacité de l’ensemble de limitation de capacités ne la " "supprime pas de l'ensemble héritable d'un thread. Cependant, il empêche de " "rajouter la capacité dans l'ensemble héritable du thread par la suite." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Before Linux 2.6.25, the capability bounding set is a system-wide attribute " "that affects all threads on the system. The bounding set is accessible via " "the file I. (Confusingly, this bit mask " "parameter is expressed as a signed decimal number in I.)" msgstr "" "Avant Linux  2.6.25, l’ensemble de limitation de capacités est un attribut " "au niveau du système qui affecte tous les threads. L’ensemble de limitation " "de capacités est accessible par le fichier I (le " "masque de bits est exprimé comme un nombre décimal signé dans I, ce qui entretient les confusions)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Only the B process may set capabilities in the capability bounding " "set; other than that, the superuser (more precisely: a process with the " "B capability) may only clear capabilities from this set." msgstr "" "Seul le processus B peut configurer des capacités dans l'ensemble de " "limitation de capacités\\ ; en dehors de cela, le superutilisateur (plus " "précisément : un processus avec la capacité B) peut " "uniquement supprimer des capacités de cet ensemble." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "On a standard system the capability bounding set always masks out the " "B capability. To remove this restriction (dangerous!), modify " "the definition of B in I and " "rebuild the kernel." msgstr "" "Sur un système standard, l’ensemble de limitation élimine toujours la " "capacité B. Pour supprimer cette restriction (attention, c'est " "dangereux\\ !), modifiez la définition de B dans I et recompilez le noyau." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The system-wide capability bounding set feature was added to Linux 2.2.11." msgstr "" "L’ensemble de limitation de capacités pour tout le système a été ajoutée à " "Linux 2.2.11." # NOTE: Attention: utilisé ailleur. #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Effect of user ID changes on capabilities" msgstr "Effet des modifications d'UID sur les capacités" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "To preserve the traditional semantics for transitions between 0 and nonzero " "user IDs, the kernel makes the following changes to a thread's capability " "sets on changes to the thread's real, effective, saved set, and filesystem " "user IDs (using B(2), B(2), or similar):" msgstr "" "Afin de préserver la sémantique traditionnelle pour les transitions entre " "des UID 0 et des UID différents de zéro, le noyau modifie les ensembles de " "capacités d'un thread de la façon suivante lors de modifications des UID " "réel, effectif, sauvegardé et du système de fichiers (avec B(2), " "B(2) et compagnie)\\ :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If one or more of the real, effective, or saved set user IDs was previously " "0, and as a result of the UID changes all of these IDs have a nonzero value, " "then all capabilities are cleared from the permitted, effective, and ambient " "capability sets." msgstr "" "Si un ou plus des UID réels, effectifs ou sauvés étaient égal à 0, et qu'à " "la suite de la modification d'UID, tous ces ID ont une valeur différente de " "zéro, et toutes les capacités sont supprimées des ensembles de capacités " "permises, effectives et ambiantes." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If the effective user ID is changed from 0 to nonzero, then all capabilities " "are cleared from the effective set." msgstr "" "Si l'UID effectif était 0 et devient différent de zéro, toutes les capacités " "sont supprimées de l'ensemble effectif." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If the effective user ID is changed from nonzero to 0, then the permitted " "set is copied to the effective set." msgstr "" "Si l'UID effectif est modifié d'une valeur différente de zéro à 0, " "l'ensemble des capacités permises est copié dans l'ensemble des capacités " "effectives." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If the filesystem user ID is changed from 0 to nonzero (see B(2)), " "then the following capabilities are cleared from the effective set: " "B, B, B, B, " "B, B (since Linux 2.6.30), " "B, and B (since Linux 2.6.30). If the " "filesystem UID is changed from nonzero to 0, then any of these capabilities " "that are enabled in the permitted set are enabled in the effective set." msgstr "" "Si l’UID du système de fichiers est modifié de 0 à une valeur différente de " "zéro (consultez B(2)), les capacités suivantes sont supprimées de " "l'ensemble effectif\\ : B, B, " "B, B, B, B " "(depuis Linux 2.6.30), B et B (depuis " "Linux 2.6.30). Si l’UID du système de fichiers devient 0, chacune de ces " "capacités est activée dans l'ensemble des capacités effectives si elle " "faisait partie de l'ensemble des capacités permises." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If a thread that has a 0 value for one or more of its user IDs wants to " "prevent its permitted capability set being cleared when it resets all of its " "user IDs to nonzero values, it can do so using the B " "securebits flag described below." msgstr "" "Si un thread qui a une valeur 0 pour un ou plus de ses UID ne veut pas que " "son ensemble de capacités permises soit vidé lorsqu'il redéfinit tous ses " "UID à des valeurs non nulles, il peut le faire avec l'attribut " "« securebits » de B décrit ci-dessous." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Programmatically adjusting capability sets" msgstr "Ajuster les ensembles de capacités par programmation" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A thread can retrieve and change its permitted, effective, and inheritable " "capability sets using the B(2) and B(2) system calls. " "However, the use of B(3) and B(3), both " "provided in the I package, is preferred for this purpose. The " "following rules govern changes to the thread capability sets:" msgstr "" "Un thread peut obtenir ou modifier ses ensembles de capacités permises, " "effectives et héritées en utilisant les appels système B(2) et " "B(2). Cependant, il faut leur préférer l'utilisation de " "B(3) et B(3), toutes deux fournies par le paquet " "I. Les règles suivantes gouvernent les modifications des ensembles " "de capacités d'un thread :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If the caller does not have the B capability, the new " "inheritable set must be a subset of the combination of the existing " "inheritable and permitted sets." msgstr "" "Si l'appelant n'a pas la capacité B, le nouvel ensemble des " "capacités héritables doit être un sous-ensemble de l'union des ensembles de " "capacités héritables et des capacités permises." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "(Since Linux 2.6.25) The new inheritable set must be a subset of the " "combination of the existing inheritable set and the capability bounding set." msgstr "" "(Depuis Linux 2.6.25) Le nouvel ensemble héritable doit être un sous-" "ensemble de l'ensemble héritable existant et de l'ensemble de limitation de " "capacités." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The new permitted set must be a subset of the existing permitted set (i.e., " "it is not possible to acquire permitted capabilities that the thread does " "not currently have)." msgstr "" "Le nouvel ensemble des capacités permises doit être un sous-ensemble de " "l'ensemble des capacités permises existant (c'est-à-dire qu'il n'est pas " "possible d'obtenir des capacités permises que le thread n'a pas " "actuellement)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "The new effective set must be a subset of the new permitted set." msgstr "" "Le nouvel ensemble effectif doit être un sous-ensemble du nouvel ensemble " "des capacités permises." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "The securebits flags: establishing a capabilities-only environment" msgstr "Les attributs « securebits » : configuration d'un environnement restreint aux capacités de fichier." #. For some background: #. see http://lwn.net/Articles/280279/ and #. http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.lsm/5476/ #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Starting with Linux 2.6.26, and with a kernel in which file capabilities are " "enabled, Linux implements a set of per-thread I flags that can " "be used to disable special handling of capabilities for UID 0 (I). " "These flags are as follows:" msgstr "" "À partir de Linux 2.6.26, si les capacités de fichier sont activées dans le " "noyau, Linux implémente un ensemble d'attributs I par thread qui " "peuvent être utilisés pour désactiver la gestion particulière des capacités " "pour l'UID 0 (I). Ces attributs sont les suivants :" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Setting this flag allows a thread that has one or more 0 UIDs to retain " "capabilities in its permitted set when it switches all of its UIDs to " "nonzero values. If this flag is not set, then such a UID switch causes the " "thread to lose all permitted capabilities. This flag is always cleared on " "an B(2)." msgstr "" "Activer cet attribut permet à un thread qui a un UID (ou plus) égal à 0 de " "conserver ses capacités dans son ensemble des capacités permises quand il " "change tous ses UID et que plus aucun n'est zéro. Si cet attribut est " "désactivé, alors ces changements d'UID feront perdre au thread toutes ses " "capacités permises. Cet attribut est toujours désactivé lors d'un " "B(2)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Note that even with the B flag set, the effective " "capabilities of a thread are cleared when it switches its effective UID to a " "nonzero value. However, if the thread has set this flag and its effective " "UID is already nonzero, and the thread subsequently switches all other UIDs " "to nonzero values, then the effective capabilities will not be cleared." msgstr "" "Notez que même quand l'attribut B est actif, les capacités " "effectives d'un thread sont supprimées quand il change son UID effectif pour " "une valeur différente de zéro. Néanmoins, si le thread a activé cet attribut " "et que son UID effectif est déjà différent de zéro et si le thread change " "ensuite tous les autres UID pour des valeurs différentes de zéro, alors, les " "capacités effectives ne seront pas supprimées." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The setting of the B flag is ignored if the " "B flag is set. (The latter flag provides a superset " "of the effect of the former flag.)" msgstr "" "L'activation de l'attribut B est ignorée si l'attribut " "B est actif (ce dernier attribut fournit un " "surensemble des effets de l'attribut précédent)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This flag provides the same functionality as the older B(2) " "B operation." msgstr "" "Cet attribut fournit la même fonctionnalité que l'ancienne opération " "B de B(2)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Setting this flag stops the kernel from adjusting the process's permitted, " "effective, and ambient capability sets when the thread's effective and " "filesystem UIDs are switched between zero and nonzero values. See I above." msgstr "" "Activer cet attribut stoppe l'ajustement des ensembles de capacités " "permises, effectives et ambiantes du processus par le noyau lorsque les UID " "effectifs et du système de fichiers du thread passent d'une valeur zéro à " "une valeur différente de zéro. Consultez I plus haut." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If this bit is set, then the kernel does not grant capabilities when a set-" "user-ID-root program is executed, or when a process with an effective or " "real UID of 0 calls B(2). (See I above.)" msgstr "" "Si cet attribut est activé, alors le noyau n'accorde pas les capacités " "lorsqu'un programme set-user-ID-root est exécuté ou lorsqu'un processus dont " "l'UID effectif ou réel est zéro appelle B(2) (consultez I ci-dessus)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "B" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Setting this flag disallows raising ambient capabilities via the " "B(2) B operation." msgstr "" "Activer cet attribut désactive l'élévation des capacités ambiantes au moyen " "de l'opération B de B(2)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Each of the above \"base\" flags has a companion \"locked\" flag. Setting " "any of the \"locked\" flags is irreversible, and has the effect of " "preventing further changes to the corresponding \"base\" flag. The locked " "flags are: B, B, " "B, and B." msgstr "" "Chacun des attributs de « base » ci-dessus a un attribut compagnon " "« verrouillé ». L'activation d'un attribut « verrouillé » est irréversible " "et permet d'éviter toute modification ultérieure de l'attribut de « base » " "correspondant. Les attributs « verrouillé » sont : " "B, B, " "B et B." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The I flags can be modified and retrieved using the B(2) " "B and B operations. The " "B capability is required to modify the flags. Note that the " "B constants are available only after including the Ilinux/" "securebits.hE> header file." msgstr "" "Les attributs I peuvent être modifiés et récupérés en utilisant " "les opérations B et B de B(2). " "La capacité B est nécessaire pour modifier ces attributs. Notez " "que les constantes B ne sont disponibles qu'après l'inclusion du " "fichier d'en-tête Ilinux/securebits.hE>." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The I flags are inherited by child processes. During an " "B(2), all of the flags are preserved, except B " "which is always cleared." msgstr "" "Les attributs I sont hérités par les processus enfants. Lors " "d'un B(2), tous les attributs sont conservés, à l'exception de " "B qui est toujours désactivé." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "An application can use the following call to lock itself, and all of its " "descendants, into an environment where the only way of gaining capabilities " "is by executing a program with associated file capabilities:" msgstr "" "Une application peut utiliser l'appel suivant pour se verrouiller elle-même, " "ainsi que tous ses descendants, dans un environnement où la seule façon " "d'obtenir des capacités est d'exécuter un programme avec les capacités de " "fichiers associées :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "" "prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS,\n" " /* SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS off */\n" " SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED |\n" " SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP |\n" " SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP_LOCKED |\n" " SECBIT_NOROOT |\n" " SECBIT_NOROOT_LOCKED);\n" " /* Setting/locking SECBIT_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE\n" " is not required */\n" msgstr "" "prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS,\n" " /* SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS désactivé */\n" " SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED |\n" " SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP |\n" " SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP_LOCKED |\n" " SECBIT_NOROOT |\n" " SECBIT_NOROOT_LOCKED);\n" " /* Activation/verrouillage de SECBIT_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE\n" " non requis */\n" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Per-user-namespace \"set-user-ID-root\" programs" msgstr "Programmes « set-user_ID-root » par espace de noms utilisateur" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A set-user-ID program whose UID matches the UID that created a user " "namespace will confer capabilities in the process's permitted and effective " "sets when executed by any process inside that namespace or any descendant " "user namespace." msgstr "" "Un programme set-user-ID dont l'UID correspond à l'UID qui a créé par un " "espace de noms utilisateur donnera des capacités dans les ensembles de " "capacités permises et effectives du processus lorsqu'il était utilisé par un " "processus dans l'espace de noms ou tout espace de noms utilisateur qui en " "est issu." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The rules about the transformation of the process's capabilities during the " "B(2) are exactly as described in I and I " "above, with the difference that, in the latter subsection, \"root\" is the " "UID of the creator of the user namespace." msgstr "" "Les règles de transformation des capacités du processus pendant un " "B(2) sont exactement comme décrites dans I et I ci-dessus;à la différence que, dans la " "seconde sous-section, « root » est l'UID du créateur de l'espace de noms " "utilisateur." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Namespaced file capabilities" msgstr "Capacités de fichier mises dans un espace de noms" #. commit 8db6c34f1dbc8e06aa016a9b829b06902c3e1340 #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Traditional (i.e., version 2) file capabilities associate only a set of " "capability masks with a binary executable file. When a process executes a " "binary with such capabilities, it gains the associated capabilities (within " "its user namespace) as per the rules described in I above." msgstr "" "Les capacités de fichier traditionnelles (c'est-à-dire version 2) " "n'associent qu'un ensemble de masques de capacité à un fichier binaire " "exécutable. Quand un processus exécute un binaire avec des capacités de ce " "type, il obtient les capacités associées (dans son espace de noms " "utilisateur) comme pour les règles décrites ci-dessus dans I." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Because version 2 file capabilities confer capabilities to the executing " "process regardless of which user namespace it resides in, only privileged " "processes are permitted to associate capabilities with a file. Here, " "\"privileged\" means a process that has the B capability in the " "user namespace where the filesystem was mounted (normally the initial user " "namespace). This limitation renders file capabilities useless for certain " "use cases. For example, in user-namespaced containers, it can be desirable " "to be able to create a binary that confers capabilities only to processes " "executed inside that container, but not to processes that are executed " "outside the container." msgstr "" "Étant donné que les capacités de fichier version 2 confèrent des capacités " "pour l'exécution de processus quel que soit l'espace de noms utilisateur " "dans lequel il réside, seuls les processus privilégiés ont le droit " "d'associer des capacités avec un fichier. Ici, « privilégié » veut dire un " "processus qui a la capacité B dans l'espace de noms utilisateur " "où le système de fichiers a été monté (normalement, l'espace de noms initial " "de l'utilisateur). Cette limitation rend les capacités de fichier inutiles " "dans certains cas d'usage. Par exemple, dans les conteneurs d'un espace de " "noms utilisateur, il peut être souhaitable de pouvoir créer un binaire qui " "confère des capacités uniquement au processus exécuté dans ce conteneur, " "mais pas aux processus exécutés en dehors du conteneur." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Linux 4.14 added so-called namespaced file capabilities to support such use " "cases. Namespaced file capabilities are recorded as version 3 (i.e., " "B) I extended attributes. Such an " "attribute is automatically created in the circumstances described in I above. When a version 3 " "I extended attribute is created, the kernel records not " "just the capability masks in the extended attribute, but also the namespace " "root user ID." msgstr "" "Linux 4.14 a ajouté des capacités de fichier appelées « mises dans un espace " "de noms » pour gérer ce genre de cas d'usage. Les capacités de fichier mises " "dans un espace de noms sont enregistrées en tant qu'attribut étendu " "I version 3 (c'est-à-dire B). Un " "attribut de ce type est créé automatiquement dans les circonstances décrites " "ci-dessus dans I. " "Quand un attribut étendu I version 3 est créé, le noyau " "n'enregistre pas que les masques de capacité dans l'attribut étendu, mais " "aussi l'UID root de l'espace de noms." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "As with a binary that has B file capabilities, a binary " "with B file capabilities confers capabilities to a " "process during B(). However, capabilities are conferred only if the " "binary is executed by a process that resides in a user namespace whose UID 0 " "maps to the root user ID that is saved in the extended attribute, or when " "executed by a process that resides in a descendant of such a namespace." msgstr "" "Comme c'est le cas avec un binaire qui possède des capacités de fichier " "B, un binaire avec des capacités de fichier " "B confère des capacités à un processus durant un " "B(). Néanmoins, ces capacités ne sont conférées que si le processus " "est exécuté par un processus qui réside dans un espace de noms utilisateur " "dont l'UID 0 correspond à l'UID root qui est sauvegardé dans l'attribut " "étendu, ou quand il est exécuté par un processus qui réside dans un " "descendant de ce type d'espace de noms." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Interaction with user namespaces" msgstr "Interaction avec les espaces de noms" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "For further information on the interaction of capabilities and user " "namespaces, see B(7)." msgstr "" "Pour en savoir plus sur les interactions entre les capacités et les espaces " "de noms utilisateur, consultez B(7)." #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "STANDARDS" msgstr "STANDARDS" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "No standards govern capabilities, but the Linux capability implementation is " "based on the withdrawn E<.UR https://archive.org\\:/details\\:/" "posix_1003.1e-990310> POSIX.1e draft standard E<.UE .>" msgstr "" "Il n'y a pas de véritable norme pour les capacités, mais l'implémentation de " "Linux est basée sur une interprétation de l’avant-projet de norme (retiré) " "POSIX.1e E<.UR https://archive.org\\:/details\\:/posix_1003.1e-990310> E<." "UE .>" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "NOTES" msgstr "NOTES" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "When attempting to B(1) binaries that have capabilities (or set-" "user-ID-root binaries), you may find the I<-u EusernameE> option " "useful. Something like:" msgstr "" "Quand vous tentez de suivre avec B(1) des binaires qui ont des " "capacités (ou des binaires set-user-UID-root), vous pouvez trouver l'option " "I<-u EusernameE>. Quelque chose comme ceci :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "$ B\n" msgstr "$ B\n" #. commit 5915eb53861c5776cfec33ca4fcc1fd20d66dd27 removed #. CONFIG_SECURITY_CAPABILITIES #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "From Linux 2.5.27 to Linux 2.6.26, capabilities were an optional kernel " "component, and could be enabled/disabled via the " "B kernel configuration option." msgstr "" "De Linux 2.5.27 à Linux 2.6.26, les capacités étaient un composant optionnel " "du noyau et pouvaient être activées ou désactivées avec l'option de " "configuration B du noyau." #. 7b9a7ec565505699f503b4fcf61500dceb36e744 #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The IpidI file can be used to view the capability " "sets of a thread. The IpidI file shows the capability sets " "of a process's main thread. Before Linux 3.8, nonexistent capabilities were " "shown as being enabled (1) in these sets. Since Linux 3.8, all nonexistent " "capabilities (above B) are shown as disabled (0)." msgstr "" "Le fichier IpidI peut être utilisé pour voir les " "ensembles de capacités d'un thread. Le fichier IpidI " "indique les ensembles de capacités du thread principal d'un processus. Avant " "Linux 3.8, les capacités inexistantes étaient vues comme activées (1) dans " "ces ensembles. Depuis Linux 3.8, toutes les capacités inexistantes " "(supérieures à la valeur de B) sont vues comme désactivées (0)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The I package provides a suite of routines for setting and getting " "capabilities that is more comfortable and less likely to change than the " "interface provided by B(2) and B(2). This package also " "provides the B(8) and B(8) programs. It can be found at" msgstr "" "Le paquet I fournit un ensemble de routines pour écrire et connaître " "les capacités d'un processus de manière plus simple et moins susceptible de " "changer que l'interface fournie par B(2) et B(2). Ce paquet " "fournit également les programmes B(8) et B(8). Il peut être " "trouvé à l'adresse :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "E<.UR https://git.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/scm\\:/libs\\:/libcap\\:/libcap." "git\\:/refs/> E<.UE .>" msgstr "" "E<.UR https://git.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/scm\\:/libs\\:/libcap\\:/libcap." "git\\:/refs/> E<.UE .>" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Before Linux 2.6.24, and from Linux 2.6.24 to Linux 2.6.32 if file " "capabilities are not enabled, a thread with the B capability " "can manipulate the capabilities of threads other than itself. However, this " "is only theoretically possible, since no thread ever has B in " "either of these cases:" msgstr "" "Avant Linux 2.6.24, et de Linux 2.6.24 à Linux 2.6.32, si les capacités de " "fichier ne sont pas activées, un thread avec la capacité B peut " "manipuler les capacités des autres threads. Cependant, ce n'est possible " "qu'en théorie puisqu'aucun thread n'a la capacité B dans un des " "cas suivants :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "In the pre-2.6.25 implementation the system-wide capability bounding set, I, always masks out the B capability, " "and this can not be changed without modifying the kernel source and " "rebuilding the kernel." msgstr "" "Dans l'implémentation antérieure au noyau 2.6.25, l'ensemble de limitation " "de capacités du système, I, masque toujours la " "capacité B et cela ne peut pas être changé sans modifier les " "sources du noyau et le recompiler." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If file capabilities are disabled (i.e., the kernel " "B option is disabled), then B " "starts out with the B capability removed from its per-process " "bounding set, and that bounding set is inherited by all other processes " "created on the system." msgstr "" "Si les capacités de fichier sont désactivées (c'est-à-dire si l'option " "B du noyau est désactivée), alors B " "démarre sans la capacité B dans l'ensemble de limitation de " "capacités par processus, et cet ensemble de limitation de capacité est " "hérité par tous les processus créés sur le système." #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "SEE ALSO" msgstr "VOIR AUSSI" #. from libcap-ng #. from libcap-ng #. from libcap-ng #. from libcap-ng #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "B(1), B(1), B(2), B(2), B(3), " "B(3), B(3), B(3), " "B(3), B(3), B(3), B(3), " "B(3), B(5), B(7), B(7), " "B(7), B(8), B(8), B(8), " "B(8), B(8), B(8), B(8)" msgstr "" "B(1), B(1), B(2), B(2), B(3), " "B(3), B(3), B(3), " "B(3), B(3), B(3), B(3), " "B(3), B(5), B(7), B(7), " "B(7), B(8), B(8), B(8), " "B(8), B(8), B(8), B(8)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "I in the Linux kernel source tree" msgstr "I dans les sources du noyau Linux" #. type: TH #: debian-bookworm #, no-wrap msgid "2023-02-05" msgstr "5 février 2023" #. type: TH #: debian-bookworm #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03" msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.03" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "P'(ambient) = (file is privileged) ? 0 : P(ambient)\n" msgstr "P'(ambient) = (le fichier est privilégié) ? 0 : P(ambient)\n" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "" "P'(permitted) = (P(inheritable) & F(inheritable)) |\n" " (F(permitted) & P(bounding)) | P'(ambient)\n" msgstr "" "P'(permitted) = (P(inheritable) & F(inheritable)) |\n" " (F(permitted) & P(bounding)) | P'(ambient)\n" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "P'(effective) = F(effective) ? P'(permitted) : P'(ambient)\n" msgstr "P'(effective) = F(effective) ? P'(permitted) : P'(ambient)\n" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "P'(inheritable) = P(inheritable) [i.e., unchanged]\n" msgstr "P'(inheritable) = P(inheritable) [c'est-à-dire inchangé]\n" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "P'(bounding) = P(bounding) [i.e., unchanged]\n" msgstr "P'(bounding) = P(bounding) [c'est-à-dire inchangé]\n" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "P'(permitted) = P(inheritable) | P(bounding)\n" msgstr "P'(permitted) = P(inheritable) | P(bounding)\n" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "P'(effective) = P'(permitted)\n" msgstr "P'(effectives) = P'(permitted)\n" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm msgid "" "No standards govern capabilities, but the Linux capability implementation is " "based on the withdrawn POSIX.1e draft standard; see E<.UR https://archive." "org\\:/details\\:/posix_1003.1e-990310> E<.UE .>" msgstr "" "Il n'y a pas de véritable norme pour les capacités, mais l'implémentation " "Linux est basée sur une interprétation de la norme (retirée) POSIX.1e ; " "consultez E<.UR https://archive.org\\:/details\\:/posix_1003.1e-990310> E<." "UE .>" #. type: TH #: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "2023-05-03" msgstr "3 mai 2023" #. type: TH #: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.05.01" msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.05.01" #. type: TH #: opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "2023-03-17" msgstr "17 mars 2023" #. type: TH #: opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04" msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.04"