# French translation of manpages
# This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package.
# Copyright © of this file:
# Christophe Blaess , 1996-2003.
# Stéphan Rafin , 2002.
# Thierry Vignaud , 1999, 2002.
# François Micaux, 2002.
# Alain Portal , 2003-2008.
# Jean-Philippe Guérard , 2005-2006.
# Jean-Luc Coulon (f5ibh) , 2006-2007.
# Julien Cristau , 2006-2007.
# Thomas Huriaux , 2006-2008.
# Nicolas François , 2006-2008.
# Florentin Duneau , 2006-2010.
# Simon Paillard , 2006.
# Denis Barbier , 2006, 2010.
# David Prévot , 2010, 2012.
# Jean-Paul Guillonneau , 2023.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: man-pages-fr\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-01 16:53+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-11-26 10:49+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Jean-Paul Guillonneau \n"
"Language-Team: French \n"
"Language: fr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n"
"X-Generator: gvim\n"
#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "cgroup_namespaces"
msgstr "cgroup_namespaces"
#. type: TH
#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-10-31"
msgstr "31 octobre 2023"
#. type: TH
#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.06"
#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr "NOM"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "cgroup_namespaces - overview of Linux cgroup namespaces"
msgstr "cgroup_namespaces – Aperçu des espaces de noms cgroup de Linux"
#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr "DESCRIPTION"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "For an overview of namespaces, see B(7)."
msgstr ""
"Pour une présentation générale des espaces de noms, consultez "
"B(7)."
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Cgroup namespaces virtualize the view of a process's cgroups (see "
"B(7)) as seen via IpidI and IpidI"
"mountinfo>."
msgstr ""
"Les espaces de noms cgroup virtualisent la vue des cgroups de processus "
"(consulter B(7)) telle qu’aperçue à l’aide de IpidI"
"cgroup> et IpidI."
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Each cgroup namespace has its own set of cgroup root directories. These "
"root directories are the base points for the relative locations displayed in "
"the corresponding records in the IpidI file. When a "
"process creates a new cgroup namespace using B(2) or B(2) "
"with the B flag, its current cgroups directories become the "
"cgroup root directories of the new namespace. (This applies both for the "
"cgroups version 1 hierarchies and the cgroups version 2 unified hierarchy.)"
msgstr ""
"Chaque espace de noms cgroup a son propre ensemble de répertoires racines de "
"cgroup. Ces répertoires racines sont les points de base pour les "
"emplacements relatifs affichés dans les enregistrements correspondants dans "
"le fichier IpidI. Quand un processus crée un nouvel espace "
"de noms cgroup en utilisant B(2) ou B(2) avec le drapeau "
"B, ses répertoires de cgroups actuels deviennent les "
"répertoires racines de cgroup dans le nouvel espace de noms (cela s’applique "
"pour les hiérarchies cgroups version 1 et la hiérarchie unifiée cgroups "
"version 2)."
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"When reading the cgroup memberships of a \"target\" process from IpidI, the pathname shown in the third field of each record will be "
"relative to the reading process's root directory for the corresponding "
"cgroup hierarchy. If the cgroup directory of the target process lies "
"outside the root directory of the reading process's cgroup namespace, then "
"the pathname will show I<../> entries for each ancestor level in the cgroup "
"hierarchy."
msgstr ""
"Lors de la lecture des appartenances à un cgroup d’un processus « cible » à "
"partir de IpidI, le chemin affiché dans le troisième champ "
"de chaque enregistrement sera relatif au répertoire racine du processus "
"lisant pour la hiérarchie correspondante de cgroup. Si le répertoire de "
"cgroup du processus cible réside en dehors du répertoire racine de l’espace "
"de noms cgroup du processus lisant, alors le chemin affiche les entrées I<../"
"> pour chaque niveau ancêtre dans la hiérarchie de cgroup."
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The following shell session demonstrates the effect of creating a new cgroup "
"namespace."
msgstr ""
"La session d’interpréteur suivante montre les effets de la création d’un "
"nouvel espace de noms cgroup."
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"First, (as superuser) in a shell in the initial cgroup namespace, we create "
"a child cgroup in the I hierarchy, and place a process in that "
"cgroup that we will use as part of the demonstration below:"
msgstr ""
"D’abord, (en tant que superutilisateur) dans un interpréteur dans l’espace "
"de noms cgroup initial, nous créons un cgroup enfant dans la hiérarchie "
"I et plaçons un processus dans ce cgroup que nous utiliserons comme "
"partie de la démonstration suivante :"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B\n"
"# B # Create a process that lives for a while\n"
"[1] 20124\n"
"# B /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/sub2/cgroup.procs>\n"
msgstr ""
"# B\n"
"# B # Création d’un processus qui vit pendant un certain temps\n"
"[1] 20124\n"
"# B /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/sub2/cgroup.procs>\n"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"We then create another child cgroup in the I hierarchy and put the "
"shell into that cgroup:"
msgstr ""
"Puis créons un nouveau cgroup enfant dans la hiérarchie I et "
"intégrons l’interpréteur dans ce cgroup :"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B\n"
"# B # Show PID of this shell\n"
"30655\n"
"# B /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/sub/cgroup.procs>\n"
"# B\n"
"7:freezer:/sub\n"
msgstr ""
"# B\n"
"# B # Affichage du PID de l’interpréteur\n"
"30655\n"
"# B /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/sub/cgroup.procs>\n"
"# B\n"
"7:freezer:/sub\n"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Next, we use B(1) to create a process running a new shell in new "
"cgroup and mount namespaces:"
msgstr ""
"Ensuite, nous utilisons B(1) pour créer un processus exécutant un "
"nouvel interpréteur dans les nouveaux espaces de noms cgroup et montage :"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "# B\n"
msgstr "# B\n"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"From the new shell started by B(1), we then inspect the IpidI files of, respectively, the new shell, a process that is in "
"the initial cgroup namespace (I, with PID 1), and the process in the "
"sibling cgroup (I):"
msgstr ""
"À partir du nouvel interpréteur démarré par B(1), nous inspectons "
"alors les fichiers IpidI de, respectivement, le nouvel "
"interpréteur, un processus qui est dans l’espace de noms cgroup initial "
"(I, avec PID 1) et le processus dans le cgroup frère (I) :"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sh2# B\n"
"7:freezer:/\n"
"sh2# B\n"
"7:freezer:/..\n"
"sh2# B\n"
"7:freezer:/../sub2\n"
msgstr ""
"sh2# B\n"
"7:freezer:/\n"
"sh2# B\n"
"7:freezer:/..\n"
"sh2# B\n"
"7:freezer:/../sub2\n"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"From the output of the first command, we see that the freezer cgroup "
"membership of the new shell (which is in the same cgroup as the initial "
"shell) is shown defined relative to the freezer cgroup root directory that "
"was established when the new cgroup namespace was created. (In absolute "
"terms, the new shell is in the I freezer cgroup, and the root "
"directory of the freezer cgroup hierarchy in the new cgroup namespace is "
"also I. Thus, the new shell's cgroup membership is displayed as "
"\\[aq]/\\[aq].)"
msgstr ""
"Dans la sortie de la première commande, nous voyons que l’appartenance au "
"cgroup freezer du nouvel interpréteur (qui est dans le même cgroup que "
"l’interpréteur initial) est affichée comme définie relativement au "
"répertoire racine du cgroup freezer qui a été établi quand le nouvel espace "
"de noms cgroup a été créé (en absolu, le nouvel interpréteur est dans la "
"hiérarchie du cgroup freezer I, et le répertoire racine de la "
"hiérarchie du cgroup freezer dans le nouvel espace de noms cgroup est aussi "
"I. Par conséquent, l’appartenance à un cgroup du nouvel interpréteur "
"est affichée sous forme « / »)."
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"However, when we look in I we see the following "
"anomaly:"
msgstr ""
"Cependant, quand nous regardons dans I, nous "
"constatons l’anomalie suivante :"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sh2# B\n"
"155 145 0:32 /.. /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer ...\n"
msgstr ""
"sh2# B\n"
"155 145 0:32 /.. /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer ...\n"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The fourth field of this line (I) should show the directory in the "
"cgroup filesystem which forms the root of this mount. Since by the "
"definition of cgroup namespaces, the process's current freezer cgroup "
"directory became its root freezer cgroup directory, we should see \\[aq]/"
"\\[aq] in this field. The problem here is that we are seeing a mount entry "
"for the cgroup filesystem corresponding to the initial cgroup namespace "
"(whose cgroup filesystem is indeed rooted at the parent directory of "
"I). To fix this problem, we must remount the freezer cgroup filesystem "
"from the new shell (i.e., perform the mount from a process that is in the "
"new cgroup namespace), after which we see the expected results:"
msgstr ""
"Le quatrième champ de cette ligne (I) devrait montrer le répertoire "
"dans le système de fichiers de cgroup qui forme la racine de ce montage. "
"Étant donné que suivant la définition des espaces de noms cgroup, le "
"répertoire actuel du cgroup freezer du processus devient le répertoire "
"racine du cgroup freezer, nous devrions voir « / » dans ce champ. Le "
"problème ici est que nous voyons une entrée de montage pour le système de "
"fichiers cgroup, correspondant à l’espace de noms cgroup initial (dont le "
"système de fichiers cgroup a en fait sa racine dans le répertoire parent de "
"I). Pour corriger ce problème, nous devons remonter le système de "
"fichiers du cgroup freezer à partir du nouvel interpréteur (c’est-à-dire "
"réaliser le montage à partir d’un processus qui est dans le nouvel espace de "
"noms cgroup) ; après quoi, nous verrons les résultats attendus :"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sh2# B # Don\\[aq]t propagate mount events\n"
" # to other namespaces\n"
"sh2# B\n"
"sh2# B\n"
"sh2# B\n"
"155 145 0:32 / /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer rw,relatime ...\n"
msgstr ""
"sh2# B # Ne pas propager les évènements de \n"
" # montage aux autres espaces de noms\n"
"sh2# B\n"
"sh2# B\n"
"sh2# B\n"
"155 145 0:32 / /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer rw,relatime ...\n"
#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "STANDARDS"
msgstr "STANDARDS"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Linux."
msgstr "Linux."
#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr "NOTES"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Use of cgroup namespaces requires a kernel that is configured with the "
"B option."
msgstr ""
"L’utilisation des espaces de noms cgroup requiert un noyau configuré avec "
"l’option B."
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The virtualization provided by cgroup namespaces serves a number of purposes:"
msgstr ""
"La virtualisation offerte par les espaces de noms cgroup poursuit plusieurs "
"buts :"
#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\[bu]"
msgstr "-"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"It prevents information leaks whereby cgroup directory paths outside of a "
"container would otherwise be visible to processes in the container. Such "
"leakages could, for example, reveal information about the container "
"framework to containerized applications."
msgstr ""
"elle prévient une fuite d’informations par laquelle des chemins de "
"répertoire de cgroup en dehors d’un conteneur seraient visibles par les "
"processus dans le conteneur. De telles fuites pourraient, par exemple, "
"révéler des informations à propos du cadriciel utilisé pour mettre en "
"conteneur les applications ;"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"It eases tasks such as container migration. The virtualization provided by "
"cgroup namespaces allows containers to be isolated from knowledge of the "
"pathnames of ancestor cgroups. Without such isolation, the full cgroup "
"pathnames (displayed in I) would need to be replicated "
"on the target system when migrating a container; those pathnames would also "
"need to be unique, so that they don't conflict with other pathnames on the "
"target system."
msgstr ""
"elle facilite des tâches telles que la migration de conteneur. La "
"virtualisation offerte par les espaces de noms cgroup permet aux conteneurs "
"d’être protégés de la connaissance des noms de chemin de cgroups ancêtres. "
"Sans cette protection, tous les noms de chemin de cgroup (affichés dans I"
"proc/self/cgroups>) devraient être répliqués sur le système cible lors de la "
"migration d’un conteneur. Ces noms de chemin devraient aussi être uniques, "
"de façon à ne pas entrer en conflit avec d’autres noms de chemin dans le "
"système cible ;"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"It allows better confinement of containerized processes, because it is "
"possible to mount the container's cgroup filesystems such that the container "
"processes can't gain access to ancestor cgroup directories. Consider, for "
"example, the following scenario:"
msgstr ""
"elle permet un meilleur confinement des processus mis en conteneur parce "
"qu’il est possible de monter le système de fichiers de cgroup du conteneur "
"de telle façon que les processus du conteneur puissent accéder aux "
"répertoires du cgroup ancêtre. Considérons, par exemple, le scénario "
"suivant :"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "We have a cgroup directory, I, that is owned by user ID 9000."
msgstr ""
"nous avons un répertoire de cgroup, I dont le propriétaire est "
"l’utilisateur d’ID 9000,"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"We have a process, I, also owned by user ID 9000, that is namespaced "
"under the cgroup I (i.e., I was placed in a new cgroup namespace "
"via B(2) or B(2) with the B flag)."
msgstr ""
"nous avons un processus, I, dont le propriétaire est aussi l’utilisateur "
"d’ID 9000, qui est mis dans l’espace de noms sous le cgroup I "
"(c’est-à-dire I a été placé dans un nouvel espace de noms cgroup à l’aide "
"de B(2) ou B(2) avec le drapeau B)."
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In the absence of cgroup namespacing, because the cgroup directory I "
"is owned (and writable) by UID 9000 and process I is also owned by user "
"ID 9000, process I would be able to modify the contents of cgroups files "
"(i.e., change cgroup settings) not only in I but also in the "
"ancestor cgroup directory I. Namespacing process I under the "
"cgroup directory I, in combination with suitable mount operations "
"for the cgroup filesystem (as shown above), prevents it modifying files in "
"I, since it cannot even see the contents of that directory (or of "
"further removed cgroup ancestor directories). Combined with correct "
"enforcement of hierarchical limits, this prevents process I from escaping "
"the limits imposed by ancestor cgroups."
msgstr ""
"Si le cgroup n’est pas mis dans un espace de noms, comme le répertoire de "
"cgroup I a pour propriétaire l’UID 9000 (qui peut l'éditer) et le "
"processus I a aussi pour propriétaire l’utilisateur d’ID 9000, le "
"processus I pourrait modifier le contenu des fichiers de cgroup (c’est-à-"
"dire modifier les réglages de cgroup), non seulement dans I, mais "
"aussi dans le répertoire ancêtre de cgroup I. La mise en espace de "
"noms du processus I sous le répertoire de cgroup I, en "
"combinaison avec les opérations adaptées de montage pour le système de "
"fichiers de cgroup (comme montré ci-dessus), empêche le processus de "
"modifier les fichiers dans I, puisqu’il ne peut même pas voir le "
"contenu de ce répertoire (ou des répertoires ancêtres de cgroup supprimés "
"ultérieurement). Combiné avec une application correcte des limites de "
"hiérarchie, cela empêche le processus I de sortir des limites imposées "
"par les cgroups ancêtres."
#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr "VOIR AUSSI"
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B(1), B(2), B(2), B(2), B(5), "
"B(7), B(7), B(7), B(7)"
msgstr ""
"B(1), B(2), B(2), B(2), B(5), "
"B(7), B(7), B(7), B(7)"
#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-02-05"
msgstr "5 février 2023"
#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.03"
#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid "Namespaces are a Linux-specific feature."
msgstr "Les espaces de noms sont propres à Linux."
#. type: TH
#: debian-unstable opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-03-30"
msgstr "30 mars 2023"
#. type: TH
#: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.05.01"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.05.01"
#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.04"