# French translation of manpages
# This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package.
# Copyright © of this file:
# Christophe Blaess <https://www.blaess.fr/christophe/>, 1996-2003.
# Stéphan Rafin <stephan.rafin@laposte.net>, 2002.
# Thierry Vignaud <tvignaud@mandriva.com>, 1999, 2002.
# François Micaux, 2002.
# Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>, 2003-2008.
# Jean-Philippe Guérard <fevrier@tigreraye.org>, 2005-2006.
# Jean-Luc Coulon (f5ibh) <jean-luc.coulon@wanadoo.fr>, 2006-2007.
# Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org>, 2006-2007.
# Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com>, 2006-2008.
# Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>, 2006-2008.
# Florentin Duneau <fduneau@gmail.com>, 2006-2010.
# Simon Paillard <simon.paillard@resel.enst-bretagne.fr>, 2006.
# Denis Barbier <barbier@debian.org>, 2006, 2010.
# David Prévot <david@tilapin.org>, 2010, 2012.
# Jean-Paul Guillonneau <guillonneau.jeanpaul@free.fr>, 2023.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: manpages-l10n 4.22.0\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-06-01 06:04+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-06-02 17:44+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Jean-Paul Guillonneau <guillonneau.jeanpaul@free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>\n"
"Language: fr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n"
"X-Generator: vim\n"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "mount_namespaces"
msgstr "mount_namespaces"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "2024-05-02"
msgstr "2 mai 2024"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-unstable
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.8"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.8"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr "NOM"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "mount_namespaces - overview of Linux mount namespaces"
msgstr "mount_namespaces – Aperçu des espaces de noms montage de Linux"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr "DESCRIPTION"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "For an overview of namespaces, see B<namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""
"Pour une présentation générale des espaces de noms, consultez "
"B<namespaces>(7)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Mount namespaces provide isolation of the list of mounts seen by the "
"processes in each namespace instance.  Thus, the processes in each of the "
"mount namespace instances will see distinct single-directory hierarchies."
msgstr ""
"Les espaces de noms montage permettent d'isoler la liste des montages vus "
"par les processus dans chaque instance d’espace de noms. Ainsi, les "
"processus dans chacune des instances d’espace de noms montage verront les "
"hiérarchies distinctes d’un répertoire unique."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The views provided by the I</proc/>pidI</mounts>, I</proc/>pidI</mountinfo>, "
"and I</proc/>pidI</mountstats> files (all described in B<proc>(5))  "
"correspond to the mount namespace in which the process with the PID I<pid> "
"resides.  (All of the processes that reside in the same mount namespace will "
"see the same view in these files.)"
msgstr ""
"Les vues fournies par les fichiers I</proc/>pidI</mounts>, I</proc/>pidI</"
"mountinfo>, et I</proc/>pidI</mountstats> (tous décrits dans B<proc>(5)) "
"correspondent à l’espace de noms montage dans lequel le processus avec le "
"PID I<pid> réside (tous les processus dans le même espace de noms montage "
"voient la même chose dans ces fichiers)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A new mount namespace is created using either B<clone>(2)  or B<unshare>(2)  "
"with the B<CLONE_NEWNS> flag.  When a new mount namespace is created, its "
"mount list is initialized as follows:"
msgstr ""
"Un nouvel espace de noms montage est créé en utilisant soit B<clone>(2) ou "
"B<unshare>(2) avec l’attribut B<CLONE_NEWNS>. Quand un nouvel espace de noms "
"montage est créé, sa liste de montages est initialisée comme suit :"

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\[bu]"
msgstr "-"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If the namespace is created using B<clone>(2), the mount list of the child's "
"namespace is a copy of the mount list in the parent process's mount "
"namespace."
msgstr ""
"si l’espace de noms est créé en utilisant B<clone>(2), la liste de montages "
"de l’espace de noms de l’enfant est une copie de la liste de montages dans "
"l’espace de noms montage du processus parent ;"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If the namespace is created using B<unshare>(2), the mount list of the new "
"namespace is a copy of the mount list in the caller's previous mount "
"namespace."
msgstr ""
"si l’espace de noms est créé en utilisant B<unshare>(2), la liste de "
"montages est une copie de la liste de montages dans l’espace de noms montage "
"précédent de l’appelant."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Subsequent modifications to the mount list (B<mount>(2)  and B<umount>(2))  "
"in either mount namespace will not (by default) affect the mount list seen "
"in the other namespace (but see the following discussion of shared subtrees)."
msgstr ""
"Des modifications ultérieures de la liste de montages (B<mount>(2) et "
"B<umount>(2)) dans chaque espace de noms montage n’affecteront pas (par "
"défaut) la liste de montages vue dans l’autre espace de noms (mais voir les "
"explications ci-après sur les sous-arbres partagés)."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SHARED SUBTREES"
msgstr "SOUS-ARBRES PARTAGÉS"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"After the implementation of mount namespaces was completed, experience "
"showed that the isolation that they provided was, in some cases, too great.  "
"For example, in order to make a newly loaded optical disk available in all "
"mount namespaces, a mount operation was required in each namespace.  For "
"this use case, and others, the shared subtree feature was introduced in "
"Linux 2.6.15.  This feature allows for automatic, controlled propagation of "
"B<mount>(2)  and B<umount>(2)  I<events> between namespaces (or, more "
"precisely, between the mounts that are members of a I<peer group> that are "
"propagating events to one another)."
msgstr ""
"Une fois l’implémentation des espaces de noms montage terminée, l’expérience "
"a montré que, dans certains cas, l’isolation qu’ils fournissaient était trop "
"importante. Par exemple, pour rendre un nouveau disque optique nouvellement "
"chargé disponible dans tous les espaces de noms montage, une opération de "
"montage était requise pour chaque espace de noms. Pour un tel cas "
"d’utilisation, et quelques autres, la fonctionnalité sous-arbre partagé a "
"été introduite dans Linux 2.6.15. Cette fonctionnalité permet une "
"propagation automatique et contrôlée des I<évènements> B<mount>(2) et "
"B<umount>(2) entre espaces de noms (ou, plus précisément, entre les montages "
"qui sont membres d’un I<groupe de pairs> qui propagent les évènements des "
"uns aux autres)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Each mount is marked (via B<mount>(2))  as having one of the following "
"I<propagation types>:"
msgstr ""
"Chaque montage est marqué (à l’aide de B<mount>(2)) comme ayant un des "
"I<types de propagation> suivants :"

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MS_SHARED>"
msgstr "B<MS_SHARED>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This mount shares events with members of a peer group.  B<mount>(2)  and "
"B<umount>(2)  events immediately under this mount will propagate to the "
"other mounts that are members of the peer group.  I<Propagation> here means "
"that the same B<mount>(2)  or B<umount>(2)  will automatically occur under "
"all of the other mounts in the peer group.  Conversely, B<mount>(2)  and "
"B<umount>(2)  events that take place under peer mounts will propagate to "
"this mount."
msgstr ""
"Ce montage partage les évènements avec les membres d’un groupe de pairs. Les "
"évènements B<mount>(2) et B<umount>(2) immédiatement sous ce montage se "
"propageront vers les autres montages qui sont membres du groupe de pairs. "
"I<Propagation> signifie ici que le même B<mount>(2) ou B<umount>(2) se "
"produira automatiquement sous tous les autres montages dans le groupe de "
"pairs. Inversement, les évènements B<mount>(2) et B<umount>(2) qui se "
"produiront sous des montages de pair se propageront vers ce montage."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MS_PRIVATE>"
msgstr "B<MS_PRIVATE>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This mount is private; it does not have a peer group.  B<mount>(2)  and "
"B<umount>(2)  events do not propagate into or out of this mount."
msgstr ""
"Ce montage est privé, il ne possède pas de groupe de pairs. Les évènements "
"B<mount>(2) et B<umount>(2) ne se propageront pas vers ou hors de ce montage."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MS_SLAVE>"
msgstr "B<MS_SLAVE>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<mount>(2)  and B<umount>(2)  events propagate into this mount from a "
"(master) shared peer group.  B<mount>(2)  and B<umount>(2)  events under "
"this mount do not propagate to any peer."
msgstr ""
"Les évènements B<mount>(2) et B<umount>(2) se propageront dans ce montage à "
"partir d’un groupe de pairs partagé (maître). Les évènements B<mount>(2) et "
"B<umount>(2) sous ce montage ne se propagent vers aucun pair."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Note that a mount can be the slave of another peer group while at the same "
"time sharing B<mount>(2)  and B<umount>(2)  events with a peer group of "
"which it is a member.  (More precisely, one peer group can be the slave of "
"another peer group.)"
msgstr ""
"Il est à remarquer qu’un montage peut être l’esclave d’un autre groupe de "
"pairs tout en partageant en même temps des évènements B<mount>(2) et "
"B<umount>(2) avec un groupe de pairs dont il est membre (plus précisément, "
"un groupe de pairs peut être l’esclave d’un autre groupe de pairs)."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MS_UNBINDABLE>"
msgstr "B<MS_UNBINDABLE>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This is like a private mount, and in addition this mount can't be bind "
"mounted.  Attempts to bind mount this mount (B<mount>(2)  with the "
"B<MS_BIND> flag) will fail."
msgstr ""
"Identique à un montage privé ; de plus, ce montage ne peut être monté lié "
"(montage bind). Les essais de monter lié ce montage (B<mount>(2) avec "
"l’attribut B<MS_BIND>) échoueront."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"When a recursive bind mount (B<mount>(2)  with the B<MS_BIND> and B<MS_REC> "
"flags) is performed on a directory subtree, any bind mounts within the "
"subtree are automatically pruned (i.e., not replicated)  when replicating "
"that subtree to produce the target subtree."
msgstr ""
"Quand un montage bind récursif (B<mount>(2) avec les attributs B<MS_BIND> et "
"B<MS_REC>) est réalisé dans un sous-arbre de répertoire, tout montage bind "
"dans le sous-arbre est automatiquement élagué (c’est-à-dire, pas répliqué) "
"lors de la réplication de ce sous-arbre pour produire le sous-arbre cible."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For a discussion of the propagation type assigned to a new mount, see NOTES."
msgstr ""
"Pour des explications sur le type de propagation assigné à un nouveau "
"montage, consulter la section NOTES."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The propagation type is a per-mount-point setting; some mounts may be marked "
"as shared (with each shared mount being a member of a distinct peer group), "
"while others are private (or slaved or unbindable)."
msgstr ""
"Le type de propagation est un réglage spécifique à chaque point de montage. "
"Certains montages peuvent être marqués comme partagés (chaque montage "
"partagé étant un membre d’un groupe de pairs distinct) tandis que d’autres "
"sont privés (ou esclaves ou non liables)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Note that a mount's propagation type determines whether B<mount>(2)  and "
"B<umount>(2)  of mounts I<immediately under> the mount are propagated.  "
"Thus, the propagation type does not affect propagation of events for "
"grandchildren and further removed descendant mounts.  What happens if the "
"mount itself is unmounted is determined by the propagation type that is in "
"effect for the I<parent> of the mount."
msgstr ""
"Il est à noter que le type de propagation d’un montage détermine si les "
"B<mount>(2) et B<umount>(2) de montages I<immédiatement sous> le montage "
"sont propagées. Par conséquent, le type de propagation n’affecte pas la "
"propagation d’évènements pour les petits-enfants et les futurs montages de "
"descendants supprimés. Ce qui se passe si le montage lui-même est démonté "
"dépend du type de propagation en vigueur pour le I<parent> du montage."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Members are added to a I<peer group> when a mount is marked as shared and "
"either:"
msgstr ""
"Des membres sont ajoutés à un I<groupe de pairs> quand un montage est marqué "
"comme partagé et soit :"

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(a)"
msgstr "(a)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"the mount is replicated during the creation of a new mount namespace; or"
msgstr ""
"le montage est répliqué pendant la création d’un nouvel espace de noms "
"montage ;"

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(b)"
msgstr "(b)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "a new bind mount is created from the mount."
msgstr "un nouveau montage bind est créé à partir du montage."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In both of these cases, the new mount joins the peer group of which the "
"existing mount is a member."
msgstr ""
"Dans les deux cas, le nouveau montage rejoint le groupe de pairs dont le "
"montage existant est membre."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A new peer group is also created when a child mount is created under an "
"existing mount that is marked as shared.  In this case, the new child mount "
"is also marked as shared and the resulting peer group consists of all the "
"mounts that are replicated under the peers of parent mounts."
msgstr ""
"Un nouveau groupe de pairs est aussi créé quand un montage enfant est créé "
"sous un montage existant marqué comme partagé. Dans ce cas, le nouveau "
"montage enfant est aussi marqué comme partagé et le nouveau groupe de pairs "
"résultant est constitué de tous les montages qui sont répliqués sous les "
"pairs des montages parents."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A mount ceases to be a member of a peer group when either the mount is "
"explicitly unmounted, or when the mount is implicitly unmounted because a "
"mount namespace is removed (because it has no more member processes)."
msgstr ""
"Un montage cesse d’être membre d’un groupe de pairs quand le montage est "
"explicitement démonté ou quand le montage est implicitement démonté parce "
"qu’un espace de noms montage est supprimé (parce qu’il n’a plus de processus "
"membre)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The propagation type of the mounts in a mount namespace can be discovered "
"via the \"optional fields\" exposed in I</proc/>pidI</mountinfo>.  (See "
"B<proc>(5)  for details of this file.)  The following tags can appear in the "
"optional fields for a record in that file:"
msgstr ""
"Le type de propagation des montages dans l’espace de noms montage peut être "
"obtenu à l’aide des « champs facultatifs » exposés dans I</proc/>pidI</"
"mountinfo> (consulter B<proc>(5) pour plus de détails sur ce fichier). Les "
"étiquettes suivantes peuvent apparaitre dans ces champs facultatifs pour un "
"enregistrement de ce fichier :"

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<shared:X>"
msgstr "I<shared:X>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This mount is shared in peer group I<X>.  Each peer group has a unique ID "
"that is automatically generated by the kernel, and all mounts in the same "
"peer group will show the same ID.  (These IDs are assigned starting from the "
"value 1, and may be recycled when a peer group ceases to have any members.)"
msgstr ""
"Ce montage est partagé dans le groupe de pairs I<X>. Chaque groupe de pairs "
"a un ID unique qui est automatiquement géré par le noyau, et tous les "
"montages dans le même groupe de pairs afficheront le même ID (ces ID sont "
"assignés en partant de la valeur 1 et peuvent être recyclés quand un groupe "
"de pairs n’a plus aucun membre)."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<master:X>"
msgstr "I<master:X>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "This mount is a slave to shared peer group I<X>."
msgstr "Ce montage est un esclave du groupe de pairs I<X> partagé."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<propagate_from:X> (since Linux 2.6.26)"
msgstr "I<propagate_from:X> (depuis Linux 2.6.26)"

#.  commit 97e7e0f71d6d948c25f11f0a33878d9356d9579e
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This mount is a slave and receives propagation from shared peer group I<X>.  "
"This tag will always appear in conjunction with a I<master:X> tag.  Here, "
"I<X> is the closest dominant peer group under the process's root directory.  "
"If I<X> is the immediate master of the mount, or if there is no dominant "
"peer group under the same root, then only the I<master:X> field is present "
"and not the I<propagate_from:X> field.  For further details, see below."
msgstr ""
"Ce montage est un esclave et reçoit des propagations du groupe de pairs I<X> "
"partagé. Cette étiquette apparaitra toujours en conjonction avec l’étiquette "
"I<master:X>. Ici, I<X> est le plus proche groupe de pairs dominant sous le "
"répertoire racine du processus. Si I<X> est le maitre immédiat du montage ou "
"s’il n’existe aucun groupe de pairs dominant sous la même racine, seul le "
"champ I<master:X> est présent, alors que le champ I<propagate_from:X> est "
"absent. Pour plus de détails, voir ci-après."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<unbindable>"
msgstr "I<unbindable>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "This is an unbindable mount."
msgstr "Ce montage ne peut être lié (bind)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "If none of the above tags is present, then this is a private mount."
msgstr ""
"Si aucune de ces étiquettes n’est présente, alors c’est un montage privé."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "MS_SHARED and MS_PRIVATE example"
msgstr "Exemples pour MS_SHARED et MS_PRIVATE"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Suppose that on a terminal in the initial mount namespace, we mark one mount "
"as shared and another as private, and then view the mounts in I</proc/self/"
"mountinfo>:"
msgstr ""
"En supposant que dans un terminal dans l’espace de noms montage initial, un "
"montage soit marqué comme partagé (mntS) et un autre privé (mntP), et en "
"affichant les montages dans I</proc/self/mountinfo> :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sh1# B<mount --make-shared /mntS>\n"
"sh1# B<mount --make-private /mntP>\n"
"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"77 61 8:17 / /mntS rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"83 61 8:15 / /mntP rw,relatime\n"
msgstr ""
"sh1# B<mount --make-shared /mntS>\n"
"sh1# B<mount --make-private /mntP>\n"
"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"77 61 8:17 / /mntS rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"83 61 8:15 / /mntP rw,relatime\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"From the I</proc/self/mountinfo> output, we see that I</mntS> is a shared "
"mount in peer group 1, and that I</mntP> has no optional tags, indicating "
"that it is a private mount.  The first two fields in each record in this "
"file are the unique ID for this mount, and the mount ID of the parent "
"mount.  We can further inspect this file to see that the parent mount of I</"
"mntS> and I</mntP> is the root directory, I</>, which is mounted as private:"
msgstr ""
"Dans la sortie I</proc/self/mountinfo>, on voit que I</mntS> est un montage "
"partagé dans le groupe de pairs 1 et que I</mntP> n’a pas d’étiquette "
"facultative, indiquant que c’est un montage privé. Les deux premiers champs "
"de chaque enregistrement dans ce fichier sont l’ID unique pour ce montage et "
"l’ID de montage du montage parent. Ce fichier peut être inspecté "
"ultérieurement pour vérifier que le montage parent de I</mntS> et I</mntP> "
"est le répertoire racine I</>, qui est monté comme privé :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | awk \\[aq]$1 == 61\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"61 0 8:2 / / rw,relatime\n"
msgstr ""
"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | awk \\[aq]$1 == 61\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"61 0 8:2 / / rw,relatime\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On a second terminal, we create a new mount namespace where we run a second "
"shell and inspect the mounts:"
msgstr ""
"Dans un second terminal, créons un nouvel espace de noms montage où un "
"deuxième interpréteur est exécuté et inspectons les montages :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ B<PS1=\\[aq]sh2# \\[aq] sudo unshare -m --propagation unchanged sh>\n"
"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"222 145 8:17 / /mntS rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"225 145 8:15 / /mntP rw,relatime\n"
msgstr ""
"$ B<PS1=\\[aq]sh2# \\[aq] sudo unshare -m --propagation unchanged sh>\n"
"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"222 145 8:17 / /mntS rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"225 145 8:15 / /mntP rw,relatime\n"

#.  Since util-linux 2.27
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The new mount namespace received a copy of the initial mount namespace's "
"mounts.  These new mounts maintain the same propagation types, but have "
"unique mount IDs.  (The I<--propagation\\ unchanged> option prevents "
"B<unshare>(1)  from marking all mounts as private when creating a new mount "
"namespace, which it does by default.)"
msgstr ""
"Le nouvel espace de noms montage reçoit une copie des montages initiaux "
"d’espace de noms montage. Ces nouveaux montages conservent les mêmes types "
"de propagation, mais ont des ID uniques de montage (l’option I<--"
"propagation\\ unchanged> empêche B<unshare>(1) de marquer tous les montages "
"comme privés lors de la création d’un nouvel espace de noms montage, ce qui "
"est réalisé par défaut)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In the second terminal, we then create submounts under each of I</mntS> and "
"I</mntP> and inspect the set-up:"
msgstr ""
"Dans le second terminal, créons alors des sous-montages sous chacun des I</"
"mntS> et I</mntP> et inspectons la configuration :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sh2# B<mkdir /mntS/a>\n"
"sh2# B<mount /dev/sdb6 /mntS/a>\n"
"sh2# B<mkdir /mntP/b>\n"
"sh2# B<mount /dev/sdb7 /mntP/b>\n"
"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"222 145 8:17 / /mntS rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"225 145 8:15 / /mntP rw,relatime\n"
"178 222 8:22 / /mntS/a rw,relatime shared:2\n"
"230 225 8:23 / /mntP/b rw,relatime\n"
msgstr ""
"sh2# B<mkdir /mntS/a>\n"
"sh2# B<mount /dev/sdb6 /mntS/a>\n"
"sh2# B<mkdir /mntP/b>\n"
"sh2# B<mount /dev/sdb7 /mntP/b>\n"
"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"222 145 8:17 / /mntS rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"225 145 8:15 / /mntP rw,relatime\n"
"178 222 8:22 / /mntS/a rw,relatime shared:2\n"
"230 225 8:23 / /mntP/b rw,relatime\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"From the above, it can be seen that I</mntS/a> was created as shared "
"(inheriting this setting from its parent mount) and I</mntP/b> was created "
"as a private mount."
msgstr ""
"Dans ce qui précède, on peut voir que I</mntS/a> a été créé comme partagé "
"(héritant ce réglage de son montage parent) et que I</mntP/b> a été créé "
"comme montage privé."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Returning to the first terminal and inspecting the set-up, we see that the "
"new mount created under the shared mount I</mntS> propagated to its peer "
"mount (in the initial mount namespace), but the new mount created under the "
"private mount I</mntP> did not propagate:"
msgstr ""
"En retournant dans le premier terminal et en inspectant la configuration, on "
"peut voir que le nouveau montage créé sous le montage partagé I</mntS> s’est "
"propagé vers son montage pair (dans l’espace de noms montage initial), mais "
"que le nouveau montage créé sous le montage privé I</mntP> ne s’est pas "
"propagé :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"77 61 8:17 / /mntS rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"83 61 8:15 / /mntP rw,relatime\n"
"179 77 8:22 / /mntS/a rw,relatime shared:2\n"
msgstr ""
"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"77 61 8:17 / /mntS rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"83 61 8:15 / /mntP rw,relatime\n"
"179 77 8:22 / /mntS/a rw,relatime shared:2\n"

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "MS_SLAVE example"
msgstr "Exemples pour MS_SLAVE"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Making a mount a slave allows it to receive propagated B<mount>(2)  and "
"B<umount>(2)  events from a master shared peer group, while preventing it "
"from propagating events to that master.  This is useful if we want to (say) "
"receive a mount event when an optical disk is mounted in the master shared "
"peer group (in another mount namespace), but want to prevent B<mount>(2)  "
"and B<umount>(2)  events under the slave mount from having side effects in "
"other namespaces."
msgstr ""
"Faire d’un montage un esclave lui permet de recevoir des évènements "
"B<mount>(2) et B<umount>(2) propagés à partir d’un groupe de pairs partagé "
"maitre, tout en l’empêchant de propager des évènements vers ce maitre. Cela "
"est utile, par exemple, si on veut recevoir un évènement de montage quand un "
"disque optique est monté dans un groupe de pairs partagé maitre (dans un "
"autre espace de noms montage), mais en voulant empêcher que des évènements "
"B<mount>(2) et B<umount>(2) dans le montage esclave n’aient des effets de "
"bord dans d’autres espaces de noms."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"We can demonstrate the effect of slaving by first marking two mounts as "
"shared in the initial mount namespace:"
msgstr ""
"L’effet de l’asservissement peut être démontré en d’abord marquant deux "
"montages comme partagés dans l’espace de noms montage initial :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sh1# B<mount --make-shared /mntX>\n"
"sh1# B<mount --make-shared /mntY>\n"
"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"132 83 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"133 83 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime shared:2\n"
msgstr ""
"sh1# B<mount --make-shared /mntX>\n"
"sh1# B<mount --make-shared /mntY>\n"
"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"132 83 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"133 83 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime shared:2\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On a second terminal, we create a new mount namespace and inspect the mounts:"
msgstr ""
"Dans un second terminal, créons un nouvel espace de noms montage et "
"inspectons les montages :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sh2# B<unshare -m --propagation unchanged sh>\n"
"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"168 167 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"169 167 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime shared:2\n"
msgstr ""
"sh2# B<unshare -m --propagation unchanged sh>\n"
"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"168 167 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"169 167 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime shared:2\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "In the new mount namespace, we then mark one of the mounts as a slave:"
msgstr ""
"Dans le nouvel espace de noms montage marquons un des montages comme "
"esclave :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sh2# B<mount --make-slave /mntY>\n"
"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"168 167 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"169 167 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime master:2\n"
msgstr ""
"sh2# B<mount --make-slave /mntY>\n"
"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"168 167 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"169 167 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime master:2\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"From the above output, we see that I</mntY> is now a slave mount that is "
"receiving propagation events from the shared peer group with the ID 2."
msgstr ""
"Dans la sortie ci-dessus, nous voyons que I</mntY> est désormais un montage "
"esclave qui reçoit les évènements de propagation du groupe de pairs partagé "
"avec l’ID 2."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Continuing in the new namespace, we create submounts under each of I</mntX> "
"and I</mntY>:"
msgstr ""
"En continuant dans le nouvel espace de noms, créons des sous-montages sous "
"chaque I</mntX> et I</mntY> :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sh2# B<mkdir /mntX/a>\n"
"sh2# B<mount /dev/sda3 /mntX/a>\n"
"sh2# B<mkdir /mntY/b>\n"
"sh2# B<mount /dev/sda5 /mntY/b>\n"
msgstr ""
"sh2# B<mkdir /mntX/a>\n"
"sh2# B<mount /dev/sda3 /mntX/a>\n"
"sh2# B<mkdir /mntY/b>\n"
"sh2# B<mount /dev/sda5 /mntY/b>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"When we inspect the state of the mounts in the new mount namespace, we see "
"that I</mntX/a> was created as a new shared mount (inheriting the \"shared\" "
"setting from its parent mount) and I</mntY/b> was created as a private mount:"
msgstr ""
"Si nous inspectons l’état des montages dans le nouvel espace de noms "
"montage, nous voyons que I</mntX/a> a été créé comme nouveau montage partagé "
"(héritant du réglage « partagé » de son montage parent) et que I</mntY/b> a "
"été créé comme montage privé :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"168 167 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"169 167 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime master:2\n"
"173 168 8:3 / /mntX/a rw,relatime shared:3\n"
"175 169 8:5 / /mntY/b rw,relatime\n"
msgstr ""
"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"168 167 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"169 167 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime master:2\n"
"173 168 8:3 / /mntX/a rw,relatime shared:3\n"
"175 169 8:5 / /mntY/b rw,relatime\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Returning to the first terminal (in the initial mount namespace), we see "
"that the mount I</mntX/a> propagated to the peer (the shared I</mntX>), but "
"the mount I</mntY/b> was not propagated:"
msgstr ""
"En retournant dans le premier terminal (dans l’espace de noms montage "
"initial) nous voyons que le montage I</mntX/a> s’est propagé au pair (le I</"
"mntX> partagé), mais que le montage I</mntY/b> ne s’est pas propagé :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"132 83 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"133 83 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime shared:2\n"
"174 132 8:3 / /mntX/a rw,relatime shared:3\n"
msgstr ""
"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"132 83 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"133 83 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime shared:2\n"
"174 132 8:3 / /mntX/a rw,relatime shared:3\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Now we create a new mount under I</mntY> in the first shell:"
msgstr ""
"Créons maintenant un nouveau montage sous I</mntY> dans le premier "
"interpréteur :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sh1# B<mkdir /mntY/c>\n"
"sh1# B<mount /dev/sda1 /mntY/c>\n"
"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"132 83 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"133 83 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime shared:2\n"
"174 132 8:3 / /mntX/a rw,relatime shared:3\n"
"178 133 8:1 / /mntY/c rw,relatime shared:4\n"
msgstr ""
"sh1# B<mkdir /mntY/c>\n"
"sh1# B<mount /dev/sda1 /mntY/c>\n"
"sh1# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"132 83 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"133 83 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime shared:2\n"
"174 132 8:3 / /mntX/a rw,relatime shared:3\n"
"178 133 8:1 / /mntY/c rw,relatime shared:4\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"When we examine the mounts in the second mount namespace, we see that in "
"this case the new mount has been propagated to the slave mount, and that the "
"new mount is itself a slave mount (to peer group 4):"
msgstr ""
"Quand nous examinons les montages dans le second espace de noms montage, "
"nous voyons que dans ce cas le nouveau montage s’est propagé au montage "
"esclave et que le nouveau montage lui-même est un montage esclave (au groupe "
"de pairs 4) :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"168 167 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"169 167 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime master:2\n"
"173 168 8:3 / /mntX/a rw,relatime shared:3\n"
"175 169 8:5 / /mntY/b rw,relatime\n"
"179 169 8:1 / /mntY/c rw,relatime master:4\n"
msgstr ""
"sh2# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"168 167 8:23 / /mntX rw,relatime shared:1\n"
"169 167 8:22 / /mntY rw,relatime master:2\n"
"173 168 8:3 / /mntX/a rw,relatime shared:3\n"
"175 169 8:5 / /mntY/b rw,relatime\n"
"179 169 8:1 / /mntY/c rw,relatime master:4\n"

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "MS_UNBINDABLE example"
msgstr "Exemples pour MS_UNBINDABLE"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"One of the primary purposes of unbindable mounts is to avoid the \"mount "
"explosion\" problem when repeatedly performing bind mounts of a higher-level "
"subtree at a lower-level mount.  The problem is illustrated by the following "
"shell session."
msgstr ""
"Une des premières utilités des montages non liables (non bind) est d’éviter "
"le problème « d’explosion de montages » lors de réalisation de manière "
"répétée de montages bind d’un sous-arbre de haut niveau dans un montage de "
"bas niveau. Le problème est illustré par la session d’interpréteur suivante :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Suppose we have a system with the following mounts:"
msgstr "En supposant l’existence d’un système avec les montages suivants :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n"
msgstr ""
"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Suppose furthermore that we wish to recursively bind mount the root "
"directory under several users' home directories.  We do this for the first "
"user, and inspect the mounts:"
msgstr ""
"Supposons de plus que nous voulons de manière récursive monter lié (bind) le "
"répertoire racine sous plusieurs répertoires home d’utilisateurs. Faisons-le "
"pour le premier utilisateur et inspectons les montages :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B<mount --rbind / /home/cecilia/>\n"
"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/cecilia\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/cecilia/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/cecilia/mntY\n"
msgstr ""
"# B<mount --rbind / /home/cecilia/>\n"
"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/cecilia\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/cecilia/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/cecilia/mntY\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"When we repeat this operation for the second user, we start to see the "
"explosion problem:"
msgstr ""
"Lorsque nous répétons cette opération pour le second utilisateur, le "
"problème de l’explosion commence à apparaitre :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B<mount --rbind / /home/henry>\n"
"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/cecilia\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/cecilia/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/cecilia/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry/home/cecilia\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/home/cecilia/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/home/cecilia/mntY\n"
msgstr ""
"# B<mount --rbind / /home/henry>\n"
"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/cecilia\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/cecilia/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/cecilia/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry/home/cecilia\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/home/cecilia/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/home/cecilia/mntY\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Under I</home/henry>, we have not only recursively added the I</mntX> and I</"
"mntY> mounts, but also the recursive mounts of those directories under I</"
"home/cecilia> that were created in the previous step.  Upon repeating the "
"step for a third user, it becomes obvious that the explosion is exponential "
"in nature:"
msgstr ""
"Sous I</home/henry>, nous n'avons pas seulement ajouté récursivement les "
"montages I</mntX> et I</mntY>, mais aussi les montages récursifs de ces "
"répertoires sous I</home/cecilia> qui ont été créés dans l’étape précédente. "
"Si nous répétons cela pour un troisième utilisateur, il devient évident que "
"l’explosion est de nature exponentielle :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B<mount --rbind / /home/otto>\n"
"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/cecilia\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/cecilia/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/cecilia/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry/home/cecilia\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/home/cecilia/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/home/cecilia/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto/home/cecilia\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/home/cecilia/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/home/cecilia/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto/home/henry\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/home/henry/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/home/henry/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto/home/henry/home/cecilia\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/home/henry/home/cecilia/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/home/henry/home/cecilia/mntY\n"
msgstr ""
"# B<mount --rbind / /home/otto>\n"
"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/cecilia\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/cecilia/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/cecilia/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry/home/cecilia\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/home/cecilia/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/home/cecilia/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto/home/cecilia\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/home/cecilia/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/home/cecilia/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto/home/henry\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/home/henry/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/home/henry/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto/home/henry/home/cecilia\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/home/henry/home/cecilia/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/home/henry/home/cecilia/mntY\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The mount explosion problem in the above scenario can be avoided by making "
"each of the new mounts unbindable.  The effect of doing this is that "
"recursive mounts of the root directory will not replicate the unbindable "
"mounts.  We make such a mount for the first user:"
msgstr ""
"Le problème de l’explosion de montages dans le scénario précédent peut être "
"évité en rendant chaque nouveau montage non liable. Ainsi les montages "
"récursifs du répertoire racine ne répliqueront pas les montages non liables. "
"Un tel montage pour le premier utilisateur peut être effectué ainsi :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "# B<mount --rbind --make-unbindable / /home/cecilia>\n"
msgstr "# B<mount --rbind --make-unbindable / /home/cecilia>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Before going further, we show that unbindable mounts are indeed unbindable:"
msgstr ""
"Avant d’aller plus loin, nous montrons que les montages non liables le sont "
"effectivement :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B<mkdir /mntZ>\n"
"# B<mount --bind /home/cecilia /mntZ>\n"
"mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /home/cecilia,\n"
"       missing codepage or helper program, or other error\n"
"\\&\n"
"       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try\n"
"       dmesg | tail or so.\n"
msgstr ""
"# B<mkdir /mntZ>\n"
"# B<mount --bind /home/cecilia /mntZ>\n"
"mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /home/cecilia,\n"
"       missing codepage or helper program, or other error\n"
"\\&\n"
"       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try\n"
"       dmesg | tail or so.\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Now we create unbindable recursive bind mounts for the other two users:"
msgstr ""
"Maintenant nous créons des montages bind récursifs non liables pour les deux "
"autres utilisateurs :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B<mount --rbind --make-unbindable / /home/henry>\n"
"# B<mount --rbind --make-unbindable / /home/otto>\n"
msgstr ""
"# B<mount --rbind --make-unbindable / /home/henry>\n"
"# B<mount --rbind --make-unbindable / /home/otto>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Upon examining the list of mounts, we see there has been no explosion of "
"mounts, because the unbindable mounts were not replicated under each user's "
"directory:"
msgstr ""
"Un examen de la liste des montages permet de voir qu’il n’y a eu aucune "
"explosion des montages parce que les montages non liables n’ont pas été "
"répliqués sous chaque répertoire d’utilisateur :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/cecilia\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/cecilia/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/cecilia/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/mntY\n"
msgstr ""
"# B<mount | awk \\[aq]{print $1, $2, $3}\\[aq]>\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/cecilia\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/cecilia/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/cecilia/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/henry\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/henry/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/henry/mntY\n"
"/dev/sda1 on /home/otto\n"
"/dev/sdb6 on /home/otto/mntX\n"
"/dev/sdb7 on /home/otto/mntY\n"

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Propagation type transitions"
msgstr "Transitions de type de propagation"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The following table shows the effect that applying a new propagation type (i."
"e., I<mount\\ --make-xxxx>)  has on the existing propagation type of a "
"mount.  The rows correspond to existing propagation types, and the columns "
"are the new propagation settings.  For reasons of space, \"private\" is "
"abbreviated as \"priv\" and \"unbindable\" as \"unbind\"."
msgstr ""
"La table suivante montre les effets que l’application d’un nouveau type de "
"propagation (c’est-à-dire I<mount\\ --make-xxxx>) a sur un type de "
"propagation existant d’un montage. Les lignes correspondent aux types de "
"programmation existants et les colonnes aux nouveaux réglages de "
"propagation. Pour des raisons d’espace, « private » est abrégé en « priv » "
"et « unbindable » en « unbind »."

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "make-shared"
msgstr "make-shared"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "make-slave"
msgstr "make-slave"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "make-priv"
msgstr "make-priv"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "make-unbind"
msgstr "make-unbind"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "_"
msgstr "_"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "shared"
msgstr "shared"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "slave/priv [1]"
msgstr "slave/priv [1]"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "priv"
msgstr "priv"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "unbind"
msgstr "unbind"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "slave"
msgstr "slave"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "slave+shared"
msgstr "slave+shared"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "slave [2]"
msgstr "slave [2]"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "private"
msgstr "private"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "priv [2]"
msgstr "priv [2]"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "unbindable"
msgstr "unbindable"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "unbind [2]"
msgstr "unbind [2]"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Note the following details to the table:"
msgstr "Prenez note des détails suivants à propos de la table :"

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "[1]"
msgstr "[1]"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If a shared mount is the only mount in its peer group, making it a slave "
"automatically makes it private."
msgstr ""
"Si un montage partagé est l’unique montage dans son groupe de pairs, faire "
"de lui un esclave le rend automatiquement privé."

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "[2]"
msgstr "[2]"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Slaving a nonshared mount has no effect on the mount."
msgstr "Rendre esclave un montage non partagé n’a aucun effet sur le montage."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Bind (MS_BIND) semantics"
msgstr "Sémantiques de Bind (MS_BIND)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Suppose that the following command is performed:"
msgstr "Supposons que la commande suivante soit exécutée :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "mount --bind A/a B/b\n"
msgstr "mount --bind A/a B/b\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Here, I<A> is the source mount, I<B> is the destination mount, I<a> is a "
"subdirectory path under the mount point I<A>, and I<b> is a subdirectory "
"path under the mount point I<B>.  The propagation type of the resulting "
"mount, I<B/b>, depends on the propagation types of the mounts I<A> and I<B>, "
"and is summarized in the following table."
msgstr ""
"Ici, I<A> est le montage source, I<B> est le montage de destination, I<a> "
"est un chemin de sous-répertoire sous le point de montage I<A> et I<b> est "
"un chemin de sous-répertoire sous le point de montage I<B>. Le type de "
"propagation du montage résultant, I<B/b>, dépend des types de propagation "
"des montages I<A> et I<B>, et cela est résumé dans la table suivante."

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "source(A)"
msgstr "source(A)"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "dest(B)"
msgstr "dest(B)"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "invalid"
msgstr "non valable"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "nonshared"
msgstr "non partagé"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Note that a recursive bind of a subtree follows the same semantics as for a "
"bind operation on each mount in the subtree.  (Unbindable mounts are "
"automatically pruned at the target mount point.)"
msgstr ""
"Remarquez qu’un bind récursif d’un sous-arbre suit les mêmes sémantiques que "
"pour une opération bind sur chaque montage dans le sous-arbre (les montages "
"non liables sont automatiquement élagués à la cible du montage cible)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For further details, see I<Documentation/filesystems/sharedsubtree.rst> in "
"the kernel source tree."
msgstr ""
"Pour de plus amples explications, consulter I<Documentation/filesystems/"
"sharedsubtree.rst> dans l’arbre des sources du noyau."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Move (MS_MOVE) semantics"
msgstr "Sémantiques de Move (MS_MOVE)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "mount --move A B/b\n"
msgstr "mount --move A B/b\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Here, I<A> is the source mount, I<B> is the destination mount, and I<b> is a "
"subdirectory path under the mount point I<B>.  The propagation type of the "
"resulting mount, I<B/b>, depends on the propagation types of the mounts I<A> "
"and I<B>, and is summarized in the following table."
msgstr ""
"Ici, I<A> est le montage source, I<B> est le montage de destination et I<b> "
"est un chemin de sous-répertoire sous le point de montage I<B>. Le type de "
"propagation du montage résultant, I<B/b>, dépend des types de propagation "
"des montages I<A> et I<B>, et cela est résumé dans la table suivante."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Note: moving a mount that resides under a shared mount is invalid."
msgstr ""
"Remarque : déplacer un montage qui réside sous un montage partagé n’est pas "
"autorisé."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Mount semantics"
msgstr "Sémantiques de montage"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Suppose that we use the following command to create a mount:"
msgstr ""
"Supposons que la commande suivante soit utilisée pour créer un montage :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "mount device B/b\n"
msgstr "mount device B/b\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Here, I<B> is the destination mount, and I<b> is a subdirectory path under "
"the mount point I<B>.  The propagation type of the resulting mount, I<B/b>, "
"follows the same rules as for a bind mount, where the propagation type of "
"the source mount is considered always to be private."
msgstr ""
"Ici, I<B> est le montage de destination et I<b> est un chemin de sous-"
"répertoire sous le point de montage I<B>. Le type de propagation du montage "
"résultant, I<B/b>, suit les mêmes règles que pour un montage bind où le type "
"de propagation du montage source est toujours considéré comme privé."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Unmount semantics"
msgstr "Sémantiques de démontage"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Suppose that we use the following command to tear down a mount:"
msgstr ""
"Supposons que la commande suivante soit utilisée pour défaire un montage :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "umount A\n"
msgstr "umount A\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Here, I<A> is a mount on I<B/b>, where I<B> is the parent mount and I<b> is "
"a subdirectory path under the mount point I<B>.  If B<B> is shared, then all "
"most-recently-mounted mounts at I<b> on mounts that receive propagation from "
"mount I<B> and do not have submounts under them are unmounted."
msgstr ""
"Ici, I<A> est un montage dans I<B/b>, où I<B> est le montage parent et I<b> "
"est un chemin de sous-répertoire sous le point de montage I<B>. Si B<B> est "
"partagé, alors tous les montages les plus récemment montés dans I<b> sur des "
"montages qui reçoivent la propagation du montage I<B> et qui n’ont pas de "
"sous-montages sous eux sont démontés."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "The /proc/ pid /mountinfo propagate_from tag"
msgstr "L’étiquette /proc/ pid /mountinfo propagate_from"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<propagate_from:X> tag is shown in the optional fields of a I</proc/"
">pidI</mountinfo> record in cases where a process can't see a slave's "
"immediate master (i.e., the pathname of the master is not reachable from the "
"filesystem root directory)  and so cannot determine the chain of propagation "
"between the mounts it can see."
msgstr ""
"L’étiquette I<propagate_from:X> est affichée dans les champs facultatifs "
"d’un enregistrement I</proc/>pidI</mountinfo> dans le cas où un processus ne "
"peut voir un maitre immédiat d’esclave (c’est-à-dire, le chemin du maitre "
"n’est pas accessible à partir du répertoire racine du système de fichiers) "
"et ainsi ne peut pas déterminer la chaine de propagation entre les montages "
"qu’il peut voir."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In the following example, we first create a two-link master-slave chain "
"between the mounts I</mnt>, I</tmp/etc>, and I</mnt/tmp/etc>.  Then the "
"B<chroot>(1)  command is used to make the I</tmp/etc> mount point "
"unreachable from the root directory, creating a situation where the master "
"of I</mnt/tmp/etc> is not reachable from the (new) root directory of the "
"process."
msgstr ""
"Dans l’exemple suivant, créons d’abord une chaine maitre-esclave à deux "
"liens entre les montages I</mnt>, I</tmp/etc> et I</mnt/tmp/etc>. Ensuite la "
"commande B<chroot>(1) est utilisée pour rendre le point de montage I</tmp/"
"etc> inaccessible à partir du répertoire racine, créant une situation où le "
"maitre de I</mnt/tmp/etc> n’est pas accessible à partir du (nouveau) "
"répertoire racine du processus."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"First, we bind mount the root directory onto I</mnt> and then bind mount I</"
"proc> at I</mnt/proc> so that after the later B<chroot>(1)  the B<proc>(5)  "
"filesystem remains visible at the correct location in the chroot-ed "
"environment."
msgstr ""
"D’abord mous montons lié (bind) le répertoire racine sur I</mnt>, puis nous "
"montons lié I</proc> sous I</mnt/proc> de telle façon qu’après le "
"B<chroot>(1) ultérieur, le système de fichiers B<proc>(5) demeure visible "
"dans l’emplacement correct de l’environnement chrooté."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B<mkdir -p /mnt/proc>\n"
"# B<mount --bind / /mnt>\n"
"# B<mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc>\n"
msgstr ""
"# B<mkdir -p /mnt/proc>\n"
"# B<mount --bind / /mnt>\n"
"# B<mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Next, we ensure that the I</mnt> mount is a shared mount in a new peer group "
"(with no peers):"
msgstr ""
"Ensuite, nous nous assurons que le montage I</mnt> est un montage partagé "
"dans un nouveau groupe de pairs (sans aucun pair) :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B<mount --make-private /mnt>  # Isolate from any previous peer group\n"
"# B<mount --make-shared /mnt>\n"
"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"239 61 8:2 / /mnt ... shared:102\n"
"248 239 0:4 / /mnt/proc ... shared:5\n"
msgstr ""
"# B<mount --make-private /mnt>  # Isolation de n’importe quel groupe de pairs précédent\n"
"# B<mount --make-shared /mnt>\n"
"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep \\[aq]/mnt\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"239 61 8:2 / /mnt ... shared:102\n"
"248 239 0:4 / /mnt/proc ... shared:5\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Next, we bind mount I</mnt/etc> onto I</tmp/etc>:"
msgstr "Ensuite, nous montons lié I</mnt/etc> sur I</tmp/etc> :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B<mkdir -p /tmp/etc>\n"
"# B<mount --bind /mnt/etc /tmp/etc>\n"
"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | egrep \\[aq]/mnt|/tmp/\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"239 61 8:2 / /mnt ... shared:102\n"
"248 239 0:4 / /mnt/proc ... shared:5\n"
"267 40 8:2 /etc /tmp/etc ... shared:102\n"
msgstr ""
"# B<mkdir -p /tmp/etc>\n"
"# B<mount --bind /mnt/etc /tmp/etc>\n"
"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | egrep \\[aq]/mnt|/tmp/\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"239 61 8:2 / /mnt ... shared:102\n"
"248 239 0:4 / /mnt/proc ... shared:5\n"
"267 40 8:2 /etc /tmp/etc ... shared:102\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Initially, these two mounts are in the same peer group, but we then make the "
"I</tmp/etc> a slave of I</mnt/etc>, and then make I</tmp/etc> shared as "
"well, so that it can propagate events to the next slave in the chain:"
msgstr ""
"Initialement, ces deux montages sont dans le même groupe de pairs, mais nous "
"rendons I</tmp/etc> esclave de I</mnt/etc> et nous rendons aussi I</tmp/etc> "
"partagé, de telle façon qu’il puisse propager les évènements au prochain "
"esclave dans la chaine :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B<mount --make-slave /tmp/etc>\n"
"# B<mount --make-shared /tmp/etc>\n"
"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | egrep \\[aq]/mnt|/tmp/\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"239 61 8:2 / /mnt ... shared:102\n"
"248 239 0:4 / /mnt/proc ... shared:5\n"
"267 40 8:2 /etc /tmp/etc ... shared:105 master:102\n"
msgstr ""
"# B<mount --make-slave /tmp/etc>\n"
"# B<mount --make-shared /tmp/etc>\n"
"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | egrep \\[aq]/mnt|/tmp/\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"239 61 8:2 / /mnt ... shared:102\n"
"248 239 0:4 / /mnt/proc ... shared:5\n"
"267 40 8:2 /etc /tmp/etc ... shared:105 master:102\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Then we bind mount I</tmp/etc> onto I</mnt/tmp/etc>.  Again, the two mounts "
"are initially in the same peer group, but we then make I</mnt/tmp/etc> a "
"slave of I</tmp/etc>:"
msgstr ""
"Ensuite nous montons lié I</tmp/etc> sur I</mnt/tmp/etc>. De nouveau, les "
"deux montages sont initialement dans le même groupe de pairs, mais nous "
"faisons alors de I</mnt/tmp/etc> un esclave de I</tmp/etc> :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B<mkdir -p /mnt/tmp/etc>\n"
"# B<mount --bind /tmp/etc /mnt/tmp/etc>\n"
"# B<mount --make-slave /mnt/tmp/etc>\n"
"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | egrep \\[aq]/mnt|/tmp/\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"239 61 8:2 / /mnt ... shared:102\n"
"248 239 0:4 / /mnt/proc ... shared:5\n"
"267 40 8:2 /etc /tmp/etc ... shared:105 master:102\n"
"273 239 8:2 /etc /mnt/tmp/etc ... master:105\n"
msgstr ""
"# B<mkdir -p /mnt/tmp/etc>\n"
"# B<mount --bind /tmp/etc /mnt/tmp/etc>\n"
"# B<mount --make-slave /mnt/tmp/etc>\n"
"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | egrep \\[aq]/mnt|/tmp/\\[aq] | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"239 61 8:2 / /mnt ... shared:102\n"
"248 239 0:4 / /mnt/proc ... shared:5\n"
"267 40 8:2 /etc /tmp/etc ... shared:105 master:102\n"
"273 239 8:2 /etc /mnt/tmp/etc ... master:105\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"From the above, we see that I</mnt> is the master of the slave I</tmp/etc>, "
"which in turn is the master of the slave I</mnt/tmp/etc>."
msgstr ""
"De ce qui précède, nous voyons que I</mnt> est le maitre de l’esclave I</tmp/"
"etc>, qui à son tour est le maitre de l’esclave I</mnt/tmp/etc>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"We then B<chroot>(1)  to the I</mnt> directory, which renders the mount with "
"ID 267 unreachable from the (new) root directory:"
msgstr ""
"Puis nous effectuons un B<chroot>(1) sur le répertoire I</mnt>, ce qui rend "
"le montage avec l’ID 267 inaccessible à partir du (nouveau) répertoire "
"racine :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "# B<chroot /mnt>\n"
msgstr "# B<chroot /mnt>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"When we examine the state of the mounts inside the chroot-ed environment, we "
"see the following:"
msgstr ""
"Lorsque nous examinons l’état des montages à l’intérieur de l’environnement "
"chrooté, nous voyons ce qui suit :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"239 61 8:2 / / ... shared:102\n"
"248 239 0:4 / /proc ... shared:5\n"
"273 239 8:2 /etc /tmp/etc ... master:105 propagate_from:102\n"
msgstr ""
"# B<cat /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"239 61 8:2 / / ... shared:102\n"
"248 239 0:4 / /proc ... shared:5\n"
"273 239 8:2 /etc /tmp/etc ... master:105 propagate_from:102\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Above, we see that the mount with ID 273 is a slave whose master is the peer "
"group 105.  The mount point for that master is unreachable, and so a "
"I<propagate_from> tag is displayed, indicating that the closest dominant "
"peer group (i.e., the nearest reachable mount in the slave chain)  is the "
"peer group with the ID 102 (corresponding to the I</mnt> mount point before "
"the B<chroot>(1)  was performed)."
msgstr ""
"Ci-dessus, nous voyons que le montage avec l’ID 273 est un esclave dont le "
"maitre est le groupe de pairs 105. Le point de montage pour ce maitre est "
"inaccessible, et donc, une étiquette I<propagate_from> est affichée, "
"indiquant que le groupe de pairs dominant le plus proche (c’est-à-dire le "
"montage accessible le plus proche dans la chaine esclave) est le groupe de "
"pairs avec l’ID 102 (correspondant au point de montage I</mnt> avant que le "
"B<chroot>(1) soit réalisé)."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "STANDARDS"
msgstr "STANDARDS"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Linux."
msgstr "Linux."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "HISTORY"
msgstr "HISTORIQUE"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Linux 2.4.19."
msgstr "Linux 2.4.19."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr "NOTES"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The propagation type assigned to a new mount depends on the propagation type "
"of the parent mount.  If the mount has a parent (i.e., it is a non-root "
"mount point) and the propagation type of the parent is B<MS_SHARED>, then "
"the propagation type of the new mount is also B<MS_SHARED>.  Otherwise, the "
"propagation type of the new mount is B<MS_PRIVATE>."
msgstr ""
"Le type de propagation assigné à un nouveau montage dépend du type de "
"propagation du montage parent. Si le montage a un parent (c’est-à-dire que "
"ce n’est pas un point de montage racine) et si le type de propagation du "
"parent est B<MS_SHARED>, alors le type de propagation du nouveau montage est "
"aussi B<MS_SHARED>. Sinon, le type de propagation du nouveau montage est "
"B<MS_PRIVATE>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Notwithstanding the fact that the default propagation type for new mount is "
"in many cases B<MS_PRIVATE>, B<MS_SHARED> is typically more useful.  For "
"this reason, B<systemd>(1)  automatically remounts all mounts as "
"B<MS_SHARED> on system startup.  Thus, on most modern systems, the default "
"propagation type is in practice B<MS_SHARED>."
msgstr ""
"Malgré le fait que le type de propagation par défaut pour le nouveau montage "
"soit dans de nombreux cas B<MS_PRIVATE>, B<MS_SHARED> est en général plus "
"utile. Pour cette raison, B<systemd>(1) remonte automatiquement tous les "
"montages en B<MS_SHARED> au démarrage du système. Par conséquent, sur la "
"plupart des systèmes modernes, le type de propagation par défaut est en "
"pratique B<MS_SHARED>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Since, when one uses B<unshare>(1)  to create a mount namespace, the goal is "
"commonly to provide full isolation of the mounts in the new namespace, "
"B<unshare>(1)  (since I<util-linux> 2.27) in turn reverses the step "
"performed by B<systemd>(1), by making all mounts private in the new "
"namespace.  That is, B<unshare>(1)  performs the equivalent of the following "
"in the new mount namespace:"
msgstr ""
"Puisque lorsqu'on utilise B<unshare>(1) pour créer un espace de noms "
"montage, le but est couramment de fournir une isolation totale des montages "
"dans le nouvel espace de noms, B<unshare>(1) (depuis I<util-linux> 2.27) à "
"son tour inverse l’étape réalisée par B<systemd>(1), en rendant tous les "
"montages privés dans le nouvel espace de noms. C’est-à-dire que "
"B<unshare>(1) réalise l’équivalent de ce qui suit dans le nouvel espace de "
"noms montage :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "mount --make-rprivate /\n"
msgstr "mount --make-rprivate /\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"To prevent this, one can use the I<--propagation\\ unchanged> option to "
"B<unshare>(1)."
msgstr ""
"Pour empêcher cela, on peut utiliser l’option I<--propagation\\ unchanged> "
"de B<unshare>(1)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"An application that creates a new mount namespace directly using "
"B<clone>(2)  or B<unshare>(2)  may desire to prevent propagation of mount "
"events to other mount namespaces (as is done by B<unshare>(1)).  This can be "
"done by changing the propagation type of mounts in the new namespace to "
"either B<MS_SLAVE> or B<MS_PRIVATE>, using a call such as the following:"
msgstr ""
"Une application qui crée un nouvel espace de noms montage directement en "
"utilisant B<clone>(2) ou B<unshare>(2) peut vouloir empêcher la propagation "
"d’évènements de montage aux autres espaces de noms montage (comme cela est "
"réalisé par B<unshare>(1)). Cela peut être effectué en changeant le type de "
"propagation de montages dans le nouvel espace de noms à B<MS_SLAVE> ou "
"B<MS_PRIVATE>, en utilisant l'appel suivant :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "mount(NULL, \"/\", MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL);\n"
msgstr "mount(NULL, \"/\", MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL);\n"

#
#.  ============================================================
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For a discussion of propagation types when moving mounts (B<MS_MOVE>)  and "
"creating bind mounts (B<MS_BIND>), see I<Documentation/filesystems/"
"sharedsubtree.rst>."
msgstr ""
"Pour des explications sur les types de propagation lors de déplacements de "
"montages (B<MS_MOVE>) et de créations de montages liés (B<MS_BIND>), "
"consulter I<Documentation/filesystems/sharedsubtree.rst>."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Restrictions on mount namespaces"
msgstr "Restrictions sur les espaces de noms montage"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Note the following points with respect to mount namespaces:"
msgstr ""
"Prenez note des points suivants concernant les espaces de noms montage :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Each mount namespace has an owner user namespace.  As explained above, when "
"a new mount namespace is created, its mount list is initialized as a copy of "
"the mount list of another mount namespace.  If the new namespace and the "
"namespace from which the mount list was copied are owned by different user "
"namespaces, then the new mount namespace is considered I<less privileged>."
msgstr ""
"Chaque espace de noms montage a un espace de noms utilisateur propriétaire. "
"Comme expliqué ci-dessus, quand un nouvel espace de noms montage est créé, "
"sa liste de montages est initialisée comme copie de la liste de montages "
"d’un autre espace de noms montage. Si le nouvel espace de noms et l’espace "
"de noms depuis lequel la liste de montages a été copiée sont possédés par "
"des espaces de noms utilisateur différents, alors le nouvel espace de noms "
"montage est considéré comme I<moins privilégié>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"When creating a less privileged mount namespace, shared mounts are reduced "
"to slave mounts.  This ensures that mappings performed in less privileged "
"mount namespaces will not propagate to more privileged mount namespaces."
msgstr ""
"Lors de la création d’un espace de noms moins privilégié, les montages "
"partagés sont réduits à des montages esclaves. Cela permet de s'assurer que "
"les mappages réalisés dans des espaces de noms moins privilégiés ne se "
"propageront pas vers des espaces de noms montage plus privilégiés."

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "[3]"
msgstr "[3]"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Mounts that come as a single unit from a more privileged mount namespace are "
"locked together and may not be separated in a less privileged mount "
"namespace.  (The B<unshare>(2)  B<CLONE_NEWNS> operation brings across all "
"of the mounts from the original mount namespace as a single unit, and "
"recursive mounts that propagate between mount namespaces propagate as a "
"single unit.)"
msgstr ""
"Les montages qui viennent sous forme d’unité unique d’un espace de noms "
"montage plus privilégié sont verrouillés ensemble et ne peuvent pas être "
"séparés dans un espace de noms montage moins privilégié. L’opération "
"B<CLONE_NEWNS> de B<unshare>(2) circule à travers tous les montages de "
"l’espace de noms montage originel comme unité unique, et les montages "
"récursifs se propageant entre les espaces de noms montage se propagent comme "
"unité unique."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In this context, \"may not be separated\" means that the mounts are locked "
"so that they may not be individually unmounted.  Consider the following "
"example:"
msgstr ""
"Dans ce contexte, « ne peuvent pas être séparés » signifie que les montages "
"sont verrouillés de telle façon qu’ils ne puissent être démontés "
"individuellement. En considérant l’exemple suivant :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ B<sudo sh>\n"
"# B<mount --bind /dev/null /etc/shadow>\n"
"# B<cat /etc/shadow>       # Produces no output\n"
msgstr ""
"$ B<sudo sh>\n"
"# B<mount --bind /dev/null /etc/shadow>\n"
"# B<cat /etc/shadow>       # Aucune sortie\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The above steps, performed in a more privileged mount namespace, have "
"created a bind mount that obscures the contents of the shadow password file, "
"I</etc/shadow>.  For security reasons, it should not be possible to "
"B<umount>(2)  that mount in a less privileged mount namespace, since that "
"would reveal the contents of I</etc/shadow>."
msgstr ""
"Les étapes ci-dessus, réalisées dans un espace de noms plus privilégié, ont "
"créé un montage lié qui dissimule le contenu du fichier d’hachage des mots "
"de passe, I</etc/shadow>. Pour des raisons de sécurité, il ne doit pas être "
"possible d’effectuer un B<umount>(2) de ce montage dans un espace de noms "
"montage moins privilégié puisque cela permettrait de dévoiler le contenu de "
"I</etc/shadow>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Suppose we now create a new mount namespace owned by a new user namespace.  "
"The new mount namespace will inherit copies of all of the mounts from the "
"previous mount namespace.  However, those mounts will be locked because the "
"new mount namespace is less privileged.  Consequently, an attempt to "
"B<umount>(2)  the mount fails as show in the following step:"
msgstr ""
"Supposons que nous créons un nouvel espace de noms montage propriété d’un "
"espace de noms utilisateur. Le nouvel espace de noms montage héritera des "
"copies de tous les espaces de noms montage précédents. Cependant, ces "
"montages seront verrouillés parce que le nouvel espace de noms montage est "
"moins privilégié. Par conséquent, un essai d’B<umount>(2) du montage "
"échouera comme cela est montré dans l’étape suivante :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B<unshare --user --map-root-user --mount \\e>\n"
"               B<strace -o /tmp/log \\e>\n"
"               B<umount /mnt/dir>\n"
"umount: /etc/shadow: not mounted.\n"
"# B<grep \\[aq]\\[ha]umount\\[aq] /tmp/log>\n"
"umount2(\"/etc/shadow\", 0)     = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)\n"
msgstr ""
"# B<unshare --user --map-root-user --mount \\e>\n"
"               B<strace -o /tmp/log \\e>\n"
"               B<umount /mnt/dir>\n"
"umount: /etc/shadow: not mounted.\n"
"# B<grep \\[aq]\\[ha]umount\\[aq] /tmp/log>\n"
"umount2(\"/etc/shadow\", 0)     = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The error message from B<mount>(8)  is a little confusing, but the "
"B<strace>(1)  output reveals that the underlying B<umount2>(2)  system call "
"failed with the error B<EINVAL>, which is the error that the kernel returns "
"to indicate that the mount is locked."
msgstr ""
"Le message d’erreur de B<mount>(8) est un peu déroutant, mais la sortie de "
"B<strace>(1) révèle que l’appel système B<umount2>(2) sous-jacent échoue "
"avec l’erreur B<EINVAL> qui est l’erreur que le noyau renvoie pour indiquer "
"que le montage est verrouillé."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Note, however, that it is possible to stack (and unstack) a mount on top of "
"one of the inherited locked mounts in a less privileged mount namespace:"
msgstr ""
"Cependant, il est à remarquer qu’il est possible d’empiler (et désempiler) "
"un montage au-dessus d’un des montages verrouillés hérités dans un espace de "
"noms montage moins privilégié."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B<echo \\[aq]aaaaa\\[aq] E<gt> /tmp/a>    # File to mount onto /etc/shadow\n"
"# B<unshare --user --map-root-user --mount \\e>\n"
"    B<sh -c \\[aq]mount --bind /tmp/a /etc/shadow; cat /etc/shadow\\[aq]>\n"
"aaaaa\n"
"# B<umount /etc/shadow>\n"
msgstr ""
"# B<echo \\[aq]aaaaa\\[aq] E<gt> /tmp/a>    # Fichier à monter sur /etc/shadow\n"
"# B<unshare --user --map-root-user --mount \\e>\n"
"    B<sh -c \\[aq]mount --bind /tmp/a /etc/shadow; cat /etc/shadow\\[aq]>\n"
"aaaaa\n"
"# B<umount /etc/shadow>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The final B<umount>(8)  command above, which is performed in the initial "
"mount namespace, makes the original I</etc/shadow> file once more visible in "
"that namespace."
msgstr ""
"La commande finale B<umount>(8) ci-dessus, qui est réalisée dans l’espace de "
"noms montage initial, rend le fichier I</etc/shadow> originel à nouveau "
"visible dans cet espace de noms."

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "[4]"
msgstr "[4]"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Following on from point [3], note that it is possible to B<umount>(2)  an "
"entire subtree of mounts that propagated as a unit into a less privileged "
"mount namespace, as illustrated in the following example."
msgstr ""
"Dans le prolongement du point [3], remarquez qu’il est possible d’effectuer "
"un B<umount>(2) sur un sous-arbre entier de montages qui se sont propagés "
"comme unité dans un espace de noms montage moins privilégié, comme cela est "
"illustré dans l’exemple suivant."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"First, we create new user and mount namespaces using B<unshare>(1).  In the "
"new mount namespace, the propagation type of all mounts is set to private.  "
"We then create a shared bind mount at I</mnt>, and a small hierarchy of "
"mounts underneath that mount."
msgstr ""
"D’abord, créons un nouvel espace de noms utilisateur et un nouvel espace de "
"noms montage en utilisant B<unshare>(1). Dans le nouvel espace de noms "
"montage, le type de propagation de tous les montages est défini comme privé. "
"Créons alors un montage lié partagé sur I</mnt> et une petite hiérarchie de "
"montages sous ce montage."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ B<PS1=\\[aq]ns1# \\[aq] sudo unshare --user --map-root-user \\e>\n"
"                       B<--mount --propagation private bash>\n"
"ns1# B<echo $$>        # We need the PID of this shell later\n"
"778501\n"
"ns1# B<mount --make-shared --bind /mnt /mnt>\n"
"ns1# B<mkdir /mnt/x>\n"
"ns1# B<mount --make-private -t tmpfs none /mnt/x>\n"
"ns1# B<mkdir /mnt/x/y>\n"
"ns1# B<mount --make-private -t tmpfs none /mnt/x/y>\n"
"ns1# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"986 83 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime shared:344\n"
"989 986 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n"
"990 989 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n"
msgstr ""
"$ B<PS1=\\[aq]ns1# \\[aq] sudo unshare --user --map-root-user \\e>\n"
"                       B<--mount --propagation private bash>\n"
"ns1# B<echo $$>        # PID de l’interpréteur nécessaire par la suite\n"
"778501\n"
"ns1# B<mount --make-shared --bind /mnt /mnt>\n"
"ns1# B<mkdir /mnt/x>\n"
"ns1# B<mount --make-private -t tmpfs none /mnt/x>\n"
"ns1# B<mkdir /mnt/x/y>\n"
"ns1# B<mount --make-private -t tmpfs none /mnt/x/y>\n"
"ns1# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"986 83 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime shared:344\n"
"989 986 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n"
"990 989 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Continuing in the same shell session, we then create a second shell in a new "
"user namespace and a new (less privileged) mount namespace and check the "
"state of the propagated mounts rooted at I</mnt>."
msgstr ""
"En continuant dans la même session d’interpréteur, créons alors un second "
"interpréteur dans un nouvel espace de noms utilisateur et un nouvel espace "
"(moins privilégié) de noms montage, et vérifions l’état des montages "
"propagés ayant pour racine I</mnt>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"ns1# B<PS1=\\[aq]ns2# \\[aq] unshare --user --map-root-user \\e>\n"
"                       B<--mount --propagation unchanged bash>\n"
"ns2# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"1239 1204 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime master:344\n"
"1240 1239 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n"
"1241 1240 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n"
msgstr ""
"ns1# B<PS1=\\[aq]ns2# \\[aq] unshare --user --map-root-user \\e>\n"
"                       B<--mount --propagation unchanged bash>\n"
"ns2# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"1239 1204 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime master:344\n"
"1240 1239 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n"
"1241 1240 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Of note in the above output is that the propagation type of the mount I</"
"mnt> has been reduced to slave, as explained in point [2].  This means that "
"submount events will propagate from the master I</mnt> in \"ns1\", but "
"propagation will not occur in the opposite direction."
msgstr ""
"Il est à noter dans le résultat ci-dessus que le type de propagation du "
"montage I</mnt> a été réduit à esclave comme expliqué dans le point [2]. "
"Cela signifie que les évènements de sous-montage se propageront du maitre I</"
"mnt> dans « ns1 », mais que la propagation ne se produira pas dans la "
"direction opposée."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"From a separate terminal window, we then use B<nsenter>(1)  to enter the "
"mount and user namespaces corresponding to \"ns1\".  In that terminal "
"window, we then recursively bind mount I</mnt/x> at the location I</mnt/ppp>."
msgstr ""
"À partir d’une fenêtre à part du terminal, utilisons alors B<nsenter>(1) "
"pour saisir des espaces de noms montage et utilisateur correspondant à "
"« ns1 ». Dans cette fenêtre de terminal, lions récursivement les montages I</"
"mnt/x> à l’emplacement I</mnt/ppp>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ B<PS1=\\[aq]ns3# \\[aq] sudo nsenter -t 778501 --user --mount>\n"
"ns3# B<mount --rbind --make-private /mnt/x /mnt/ppp>\n"
"ns3# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"986 83 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime shared:344\n"
"989 986 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n"
"990 989 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n"
"1242 986 0:56 / /mnt/ppp rw,relatime\n"
"1243 1242 0:57 / /mnt/ppp/y rw,relatime shared:518\n"
msgstr ""
"$ B<PS1=\\[aq]ns3# \\[aq] sudo nsenter -t 778501 --user --mount>\n"
"ns3# B<mount --rbind --make-private /mnt/x /mnt/ppp>\n"
"ns3# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"986 83 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime shared:344\n"
"989 986 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n"
"990 989 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n"
"1242 986 0:56 / /mnt/ppp rw,relatime\n"
"1243 1242 0:57 / /mnt/ppp/y rw,relatime shared:518\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Because the propagation type of the parent mount, I</mnt>, was shared, the "
"recursive bind mount propagated a small subtree of mounts under the slave "
"mount I</mnt> into \"ns2\", as can be verified by executing the following "
"command in that shell session:"
msgstr ""
"Parce que le type de propagation du montage parent, I</mnt>, était partagé, "
"le montage récursif lié propage un petit sous-arbre de montages sous le "
"montage esclave I</mnt> dans « ns2 », comme cela peut être vérifié en "
"exécutant la commande suivante dans cette session d’interpréteur :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"ns2# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"1239 1204 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime master:344\n"
"1240 1239 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n"
"1241 1240 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n"
"1244 1239 0:56 / /mnt/ppp rw,relatime\n"
"1245 1244 0:57 / /mnt/ppp/y rw,relatime master:518\n"
msgstr ""
"ns2# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>\n"
"1239 1204 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime master:344\n"
"1240 1239 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n"
"1241 1240 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n"
"1244 1239 0:56 / /mnt/ppp rw,relatime\n"
"1245 1244 0:57 / /mnt/ppp/y rw,relatime master:518\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"While it is not possible to B<umount>(2)  a part of the propagated subtree "
"(I</mnt/ppp/y>)  in \"ns2\", it is possible to B<umount>(2)  the entire "
"subtree, as shown by the following commands:"
msgstr ""
"Bien qu’il ne soit pas possible d’effectuer un B<umount>(2) sur une partie "
"du sous-arbre propagé (I</mnt/ppp/y>) dans « ns2 », il est possible "
"d’effectuer un B<umount>(2) sur le sous-arbre en entier comme cela est "
"montré avec les commandes suivantes :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"ns2# B<umount /mnt/ppp/y>\n"
"umount: /mnt/ppp/y: not mounted.\n"
"ns2# B<umount -l /mnt/ppp | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>      # Succeeds...\n"
"ns2# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo>\n"
"1239 1204 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime master:344\n"
"1240 1239 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n"
"1241 1240 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n"
msgstr ""
"ns2# B<umount /mnt/ppp/y>\n"
"umount: /mnt/ppp/y: not mounted.\n"
"ns2# B<umount -l /mnt/ppp | sed \\[aq]s/ - .*//\\[aq]>      # Succès...\n"
"ns2# B<grep /mnt /proc/self/mountinfo>\n"
"1239 1204 8:5 /mnt /mnt rw,relatime master:344\n"
"1240 1239 0:56 / /mnt/x rw,relatime\n"
"1241 1240 0:57 / /mnt/x/y rw,relatime\n"

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "[5]"
msgstr "[5]"

#
#.  commit 9566d6742852c527bf5af38af5cbb878dad75705
#.  Author: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
#.  Date:   Mon Jul 28 17:26:07 2014 -0700
#.       mnt: Correct permission checks in do_remount
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<mount>(2)  flags B<MS_RDONLY>, B<MS_NOSUID>, B<MS_NOEXEC>, and the "
"\"atime\" flags (B<MS_NOATIME>, B<MS_NODIRATIME>, B<MS_RELATIME>)  settings "
"become locked when propagated from a more privileged to a less privileged "
"mount namespace, and may not be changed in the less privileged mount "
"namespace."
msgstr ""
"Les réglages des attributs de B<mount>(2) B<MS_RDONLY>, B<MS_NOSUID>, "
"B<MS_NOEXEC> et des attributs « atime » (B<MS_NOATIME>, B<MS_NODIRATIME>, "
"B<MS_RELATIME>) deviennent verrouillés quand ils sont propagés depuis un "
"espace de noms montage plus privilégié vers un autre espace moins privilégié "
"et ne peuvent être changés dans l’espace de noms montage moins privilégié."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This point is illustrated in the following example where, in a more "
"privileged mount namespace, we create a bind mount that is marked as read-"
"only.  For security reasons, it should not be possible to make the mount "
"writable in a less privileged mount namespace, and indeed the kernel "
"prevents this:"
msgstr ""
"Ce point est illustré par l’exemple suivant où, dans un espace de noms "
"montage plus privilégié, nous créons un montage lié qui est marqué comme en "
"lecture seule. Pour des raisons de sécurité, il ne devrait pas être possible "
"de permettre l’écriture dans le montage dans un espace de noms montage moins "
"privilégié, et en effet le noyau empêche cela :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ B<sudo mkdir /mnt/dir>\n"
"$ B<sudo mount --bind -o ro /some/path /mnt/dir>\n"
"$ B<sudo unshare --user --map-root-user --mount \\e>\n"
"               B<mount -o remount,rw /mnt/dir>\n"
"mount: /mnt/dir: permission denied.\n"
msgstr ""
"$ B<sudo mkdir /mnt/dir>\n"
"$ B<sudo mount --bind -o ro /some/path /mnt/dir>\n"
"$ B<sudo unshare --user --map-root-user --mount \\e>\n"
"               B<mount -o remount,rw /mnt/dir>\n"
"mount: /mnt/dir: permission denied.\n"

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "[6]"
msgstr "[6]"

#.  (As of 3.18-rc1 (in Al Viro's 2014-08-30 vfs.git#for-next tree))
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A file or directory that is a mount point in one namespace that is not a "
"mount point in another namespace, may be renamed, unlinked, or removed "
"(B<rmdir>(2))  in the mount namespace in which it is not a mount point "
"(subject to the usual permission checks).  Consequently, the mount point is "
"removed in the mount namespace where it was a mount point."
msgstr ""
"Un fichier ou un répertoire qui est un point de montage dans un espace de "
"noms qui n’est pas un point de montage dans un autre espace de noms peut "
"être renommé, délié ou supprimé (B<rmdir>(2)) dans l’espace de noms montage "
"dans lequel il n’est pas un point de montage (sous réserve des vérifications "
"habituelles de permissions). Par conséquent, le point de montage est "
"supprimé dans l’espace de noms montage où il n’est pas un point de montage."

#
#.  mtk: The change was in Linux 3.18, I think, with this commit:
#.      commit 8ed936b5671bfb33d89bc60bdcc7cf0470ba52fe
#.      Author: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederman@twitter.com>
#.      Date:   Tue Oct 1 18:33:48 2013 -0700
#.          vfs: Lazily remove mounts on unlinked files and directories.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Previously (before Linux 3.18), attempting to unlink, rename, or remove a "
"file or directory that was a mount point in another mount namespace would "
"result in the error B<EBUSY>.  That behavior had technical problems of "
"enforcement (e.g., for NFS)  and permitted denial-of-service attacks against "
"more privileged users (i.e., preventing individual files from being updated "
"by bind mounting on top of them)."
msgstr ""
"Auparavant (avant Linux 3.18), essayer de délier, renommer ou supprimer un "
"fichier ou un répertoire qui était un point de montage dans un autre espace "
"de noms montage aboutissait à une erreur B<EBUSY>. Ce comportement rencontre "
"des problèmes techniques d’application (par exemple, pour NFS) et permet des "
"attaques par déni de service sur des utilisateurs plus privilégiés (c’est-à-"
"dire empêchant des fichiers individuels d’être mis à jour en utilisant un "
"montage lié au-dessus d’eux)."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "EXAMPLES"
msgstr "EXEMPLES"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "See B<pivot_root>(2)."
msgstr "Consulter B<pivot_root>(2)."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr "VOIR AUSSI"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<unshare>(1), B<clone>(2), B<mount>(2), B<mount_setattr>(2), "
"B<pivot_root>(2), B<setns>(2), B<umount>(2), B<unshare>(2), B<proc>(5), "
"B<namespaces>(7), B<user_namespaces>(7), B<findmnt>(8), B<mount>(8), "
"B<pam_namespace>(8), B<pivot_root>(8), B<umount>(8)"
msgstr ""
"B<unshare>(1), B<clone>(2), B<mount>(2), B<mount_setattr>(2), "
"B<pivot_root>(2), B<setns>(2), B<umount>(2), B<unshare>(2), B<proc>(5), "
"B<namespaces>(7), B<user_namespaces>(7), B<findmnt>(8), B<mount>(8), "
"B<pam_namespace>(8), B<pivot_root>(8), B<umount>(8)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<Documentation/filesystems/sharedsubtree.rst> in the kernel source tree."
msgstr ""
"I<Documentation/filesystems/sharedsubtree.rst> dans l’arbre des sources du "
"noyau."

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-02-10"
msgstr "10 février 2023"

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.03"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B<mkdir /mntZ>\n"
"# B<mount --bind /home/cecilia /mntZ>\n"
"mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /home/cecilia,\n"
"       missing codepage or helper program, or other error\n"
msgstr ""
"# B<mkdir /mntZ>\n"
"# B<mount --bind /home/cecilia /mntZ>\n"
"mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /home/cecilia,\n"
"       missing codepage or helper program, or other error\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try\n"
"       dmesg | tail or so.\n"
msgstr ""
"       Dans certains cas, une information utile est disponible dans syslog – essayer\n"
"       dmesg | tail ou quelque chose d’équivalent.\n"

#. type: SH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "VERSIONS"
msgstr "VERSIONS"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid "Mount namespaces first appeared in Linux 2.4.19."
msgstr "Les espaces de noms montage sont apparus dans Linux 2.4.19."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid "Namespaces are a Linux-specific feature."
msgstr "Les espaces de noms sont propres à Linux."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Since, when one uses\n"
"B<unshare>(1)\n"
"to create a mount namespace,\n"
"the goal is commonly to provide full isolation of the mounts\n"
"in the new namespace,\n"
"B<unshare>(1)\n"
"(since\n"
"I<util-linux>\n"
" 2.27) in turn reverses the step performed by\n"
"B<systemd>(1),\n"
"by making all mounts private in the new namespace.\n"
"That is,\n"
"B<unshare>(1)\n"
"performs the equivalent of the following in the new mount namespace:\n"
msgstr ""
"Puisque, quand quelqu’un utilise\n"
"B<unshare>(1)\n"
"pour créer un espace de noms montage,\n"
"le but est de fournir une isolation totale des montages\n"
"dans le nouvel espace de noms,\n"
"B<unshare>(1)\n"
"(depuis\n"
"I<util-linux> 2.27)\n"
"pour sa part inverse les étapes réalisées par\n"
"B<systemd>(1),\n"
"en rendant tous les montages privés dans le nouvel espace de noms.\n"
"C’est-à-dire,\n"
"B<unshare>(1)\n"
"réalise l’équivalent de ce qui suit dans le nouvel espace de noms montage :\n"

#. type: TH
#: fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-10-31"
msgstr "31 octobre 2023"

#. type: TH
#: fedora-40 mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.06"

#. type: TH
#: fedora-rawhide
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.7"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-03-30"
msgstr "30 mars 2023"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.04"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux (non publiées)"