# French translation of manpages
# This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package.
# Copyright © of this file:
# Christophe Blaess <https://www.blaess.fr/christophe/>, 1996-2003.
# Stéphan Rafin <stephan.rafin@laposte.net>, 2002.
# Thierry Vignaud <tvignaud@mandriva.com>, 1999, 2002.
# François Micaux, 2002.
# Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>, 2003-2008.
# Jean-Philippe Guérard <fevrier@tigreraye.org>, 2005-2006.
# Jean-Luc Coulon (f5ibh) <jean-luc.coulon@wanadoo.fr>, 2006-2007.
# Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org>, 2006-2007.
# Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com>, 2006-2008.
# Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>, 2006-2008.
# Florentin Duneau <fduneau@gmail.com>, 2006-2010.
# Simon Paillard <simon.paillard@resel.enst-bretagne.fr>, 2006.
# Denis Barbier <barbier@debian.org>, 2006, 2010.
# David Prévot <david@tilapin.org>, 2010, 2012.
# Jean-Paul Guillonneau <guillonneau.jeanpaul@free.fr>, 2021.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: manpages-fr\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-06-01 06:14+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-06-16 16:53+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Jean-Paul Guillonneau <guillonneau.jeanpaul@free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>\n"
"Language: fr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 3.2.2\n"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "random"
msgstr "random"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "2024-05-02"
msgstr "2 mai 2024"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-unstable
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.8"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.8"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr "NOM"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "random - overview of interfaces for obtaining randomness"
msgstr "random – aperçu d’interfaces pour obtenir un caractère aléatoire"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr "DESCRIPTION"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The kernel random-number generator relies on entropy gathered from device "
"drivers and other sources of environmental noise to seed a cryptographically "
"secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG).  It is designed for security, "
"rather than speed."
msgstr ""
"Le générateur de nombres aléatoires du noyau repose sur l’entropie "
"recueillie à partir de pilotes de périphérique et d’autres sources de bruit "
"environnemental pour ensemencer un générateur de nombres pseudo-aléatoires "
"(CSPRNG) sûr du point de vue cryptographie. Il est conçu pour la sécurité "
"plutôt que pour la rapidité."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The following interfaces provide access to output from the kernel CSPRNG:"
msgstr ""
"Les interfaces suivantes fournissent un accès pour obtenir un résultat d’un "
"générateur de nombres pseudo-aléatoires du noyau :"

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\[bu]"
msgstr "-"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I</dev/urandom> and I</dev/random> devices, both described in "
"B<random>(4).  These devices have been present on Linux since early times, "
"and are also available on many other systems."
msgstr ""
"Les périphériques I</dev/urandom> et I</dev/random>, tous deux décrits dans "
"B<random>(4). Ces périphériques sont présents dans Linux depuis les premiers "
"temps et sont aussi disponibles dans beaucoup d’autres systèmes."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The Linux-specific B<getrandom>(2)  system call, available since Linux "
"3.17.  This system call provides access either to the same source as I</dev/"
"urandom> (called the I<urandom> source in this page)  or to the same source "
"as I</dev/random> (called the I<random> source in this page).  The default "
"is the I<urandom> source; the I<random> source is selected by specifying the "
"B<GRND_RANDOM> flag to the system call.  (The B<getentropy>(3)  function "
"provides a slightly more portable interface on top of B<getrandom>(2).)"
msgstr ""
"L’appel système B<getrandom>(2) spécifique à Linux, disponible depuis "
"Linux 3.17. Cet appel système fournit un accès soit à la même source que I</"
"dev/urandom> (appelée la source I<urandom> dans cette page) ou à la même "
"source que I</dev/random> (appelée la source I<random> dans cette page). "
"Celle par défaut est la source I<urandom>. La source I<random> est "
"sélectionnée avec l’indicateur B<GRND_RANDOM> dans l’appel système. La "
"fonction B<getentropy>(3) avec B<getrandom>(2) fournit une interface "
"légèrement plus portable."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Initialization of the entropy pool"
msgstr "Initialisation de la réserve d’entropie"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The kernel collects bits of entropy from the environment.  When a sufficient "
"number of random bits has been collected, the entropy pool is considered to "
"be initialized."
msgstr ""
"Le noyau collecte les bits d’entropie à partir de l’environnement. Lorsque "
"un nombre suffisant de bits a été collecté, la réserve d’entropie est "
"considérée comme initialisée."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Choice of random source"
msgstr "Choix de la source random"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Unless you are doing long-term key generation (and most likely not even "
"then), you probably shouldn't be reading from the I</dev/random> device or "
"employing B<getrandom>(2)  with the B<GRND_RANDOM> flag.  Instead, either "
"read from the I</dev/urandom> device or employ B<getrandom>(2)  without the "
"B<GRND_RANDOM> flag.  The cryptographic algorithms used for the I<urandom> "
"source are quite conservative, and so should be sufficient for all purposes."
msgstr ""
"À moins de vouloir générer une clef pérenne (et très vraisemblablement même "
"pas dans ce cas), la lecture ne sera probablement pas faite à partir du "
"périphérique I</dev/random> ou en employant B<getrandom>(2) avec "
"l’indicateur B<GRND_RANDOM>. À la place, la lecture sera faite soit à partir "
"du périphérique I</dev/urandom> ou en utilisant B<getrandom>(2) sans "
"l’indicateur B<GRND_RANDOM>. Les cryptosystèmes pour la source I<urandom> "
"sont plutôt conservatifs et par conséquent devraient être suffisants pour "
"toutes les utilisations."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The disadvantage of B<GRND_RANDOM> and reads from I</dev/random> is that the "
"operation can block for an indefinite period of time.  Furthermore, dealing "
"with the partially fulfilled requests that can occur when using "
"B<GRND_RANDOM> or when reading from I</dev/random> increases code complexity."
msgstr ""
"L’inconvénient de B<GRND_RANDOM> et des lectures à partir de I</dev/random> "
"est que l’opération peut bloquer pendant une période indéfinie. De plus, "
"gérer des requêtes partiellement remplies pouvant se produire lors de "
"l’utilisation de B<GRND_RANDOM> ou de la lecture à partir de I</dev/random> "
"augmente la complexité du code."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Monte Carlo and other probabilistic sampling applications"
msgstr "Monte-Carlo et autres applications d’échantillonnage probabiliste"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Using these interfaces to provide large quantities of data for Monte Carlo "
"simulations or other programs/algorithms which are doing probabilistic "
"sampling will be slow.  Furthermore, it is unnecessary, because such "
"applications do not need cryptographically secure random numbers.  Instead, "
"use the interfaces described in this page to obtain a small amount of data "
"to seed a user-space pseudorandom number generator for use by such "
"applications."
msgstr ""
"L’utilisation de ces interfaces pour fournir de grandes quantités de données "
"pour les simulations de Monte-Carlo et d’autres programmes ou algorithmes "
"réalisant un échantillonnage probabiliste, sera peu rapide. De plus, c’est "
"inutile parce que de telles applications n’ont pas besoin de nombres "
"aléatoires sûrs du point de vue chiffrement. À la place, les interfaces "
"décrites dans cette page sont à utiliser pour obtenir une petite quantité de "
"données pour ensemencer un générateur de nombres pseudo-aléatoires pour ce "
"type d’applications."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Comparison between getrandom, /dev/urandom, and /dev/random"
msgstr "Comparaison entre getrandom, /dev/urandom et /dev/random"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The following table summarizes the behavior of the various interfaces that "
"can be used to obtain randomness.  B<GRND_NONBLOCK> is a flag that can be "
"used to control the blocking behavior of B<getrandom>(2).  The final column "
"of the table considers the case that can occur in early boot time when the "
"entropy pool is not yet initialized."
msgstr ""
"Le tableau suivant résume le comportement des diverses interfaces qui "
"peuvent être utilisées pour obtenir un caractère aléatoire. B<GRND_NONBLOCK> "
"est un indicateur qui peut être utilisé pour contrôler le comportement "
"bloquant de B<getrandom>(2). La dernière colonne du tableau tient compte du "
"cas pouvant se produire au tout début du démarrage quand la réserve "
"d’entropie n’est pas encore initialisée."

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Interface"
msgstr "Interface"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Pool"
msgstr "Réserve"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Blocking\n"
"\\%behavior"
msgstr ""
"Comportement\n"
"\\%de blocage"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Behavior when pool is not yet ready"
msgstr "Comportement si réserve pas encore prête"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</dev/random>"
msgstr "I</dev/random>"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Blocking pool"
msgstr "Réserve bloquante"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "If entropy too low, blocks until there is enough entropy again"
msgstr "Si entropie trop faible, blocage jusqu’à assez d’entropie"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Blocks until enough entropy gathered"
msgstr "Blocage jusqu’à suffisamment d’entropie accumulée"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</dev/urandom>"
msgstr "I</dev/urandom>"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "CSPRNG output"
msgstr "Sortie CSPRNG"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Never blocks"
msgstr "Aucun blocage"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Returns output from uninitialized CSPRNG (may be low entropy and unsuitable for cryptography)"
msgstr "CSPRNG non initialisé (entropie faible et inadaptée au chiffrement ?)"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<getrandom>()"
msgstr "B<getrandom>()"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Same as\n"
"I</dev/urandom>"
msgstr ""
"Identique à\n"
"I</dev/urandom>"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Does not block once is pool ready"
msgstr "Aucun blocage si réserve prête"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Blocks until pool ready"
msgstr "Blocage jusqu’à réserve prête"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<getrandom>()\n"
"B<GRND_RANDOM>"
msgstr ""
"B<getrandom>()\n"
"B<GRND_RANDOM>"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Same as\n"
"I</dev/random>"
msgstr ""
"Identique à\n"
"I</dev/random>"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<getrandom>()\n"
"B<GRND_NONBLOCK>"
msgstr ""
"B<getrandom>()\n"
"B<GRND_NONBLOCK>"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EAGAIN>"
msgstr "B<EAGAIN>"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<getrandom>()\n"
"B<GRND_RANDOM>\n"
"+\n"
"B<GRND_NONBLOCK>"
msgstr ""
"B<getrandom>()\n"
"B<GRND_RANDOM>\n"
"+\n"
"B<GRND_NONBLOCK>"

#. type: tbl table
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<EAGAIN>\n"
"if not enough entropy available"
msgstr ""
"B<EAGAIN>\n"
"si manque d’entropie disponible"

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Generating cryptographic keys"
msgstr "Génération des clés de chiffrement"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The amount of seed material required to generate a cryptographic key equals "
"the effective key size of the key.  For example, a 3072-bit RSA or Diffie-"
"Hellman private key has an effective key size of 128 bits (it requires about "
"2\\[ha]128 operations to break) so a key generator needs only 128 bits (16 "
"bytes) of seed material from I</dev/random>."
msgstr ""
"Le montant de matériel d’ensemencement nécessite de générer une clé de "
"chiffrement égale à la taille effective de la clé. Par exemple, une clé "
"privée ou Diffie-Hellman de 3072 bits a une taille effective de 128 bits "
"(2\\[ha]128 opérations sont nécessaires pour la casser), aussi un générateur "
"de clé a besoin de seulement 128 bits (16 octets) de matériel "
"d’ensemencement à partir de I</dev/random>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"While some safety margin above that minimum is reasonable, as a guard "
"against flaws in the CSPRNG algorithm, no cryptographic primitive available "
"today can hope to promise more than 256 bits of security, so if any program "
"reads more than 256 bits (32 bytes) from the kernel random pool per "
"invocation, or per reasonable reseed interval (not less than one minute), "
"that should be taken as a sign that its cryptography is I<not> skillfully "
"implemented."
msgstr ""
"Bien qu’une marge de sécurité au-dessus de ce minimum soit raisonnable comme "
"protection contre des défauts d’algorithme de CSPRNG, aucune primitive "
"cryptographique disponible actuellement ne peut espérer promettre plus de "
"256 bits de sécurité, aussi, si un programme lit plus de 256 bits "
"(32 octets) de la réserve de caractère aléatoire du noyau par invocation, ou "
"par intervalle raisonnable de réensemencement (pas moins d’une minute), cela "
"doit être pris comme un signe que son chiffrement n’a I<pas> été implémenté "
"savamment."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr "VOIR AUSSI"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<getrandom>(2), B<getauxval>(3), B<getentropy>(3), B<random>(4), "
"B<urandom>(4), B<signal>(7)"
msgstr ""
"B<getrandom>(2), B<getauxval>(3), B<getentropy>(3), B<random>(4), "
"B<urandom>(4), B<signal>(7)"

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-02-10"
msgstr "10 février 2023"

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.03"

#. type: TH
#: fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-10-31"
msgstr "31 octobre 2023"

#. type: TH
#: fedora-40 mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.06"

#. type: TH
#: fedora-rawhide
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.7"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.04"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux (non publiées)"