# French translation of manpages # This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package. # Copyright © of this file: # Christophe Blaess , 1996-2003. # Stéphan Rafin , 2002. # Thierry Vignaud , 1999, 2002. # François Micaux, 2002. # Alain Portal , 2003-2008. # Jean-Philippe Guérard , 2005-2006. # Jean-Luc Coulon (f5ibh) , 2006-2007. # Julien Cristau , 2006-2007. # Thomas Huriaux , 2006-2008. # Nicolas François , 2006-2008. # Florentin Duneau , 2006-2010. # Simon Paillard , 2006. # Denis Barbier , 2006, 2010. # David Prévot , 2010, 2012, 2013. # Cédric Boutillier , 2011, 2012. # Frédéric Hantrais , 2013, 2014. # Jean-Paul Guillonneau , 2021. msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: manpages-fr\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-01 17:07+0100\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2022-11-20 09:02+0100\n" "Last-Translator: Jean-Paul Guillonneau \n" "Language-Team: French \n" "Language: fr\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n" "X-Generator: vim\n" #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "B(7)" msgid "sched" msgstr "B(7)" #. type: TH #: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #, no-wrap msgid "2023-10-31" msgstr "31 octobre 2023" #. type: TH #: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06" msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.06" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "NAME" msgstr "NOM" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "sched - overview of CPU scheduling" msgstr "sched - Aperçu de l’ordonnancement de CPU" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "DESCRIPTION" msgstr "DESCRIPTION" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Since Linux 2.6.23, the default scheduler is CFS, the \"Completely Fair " "Scheduler\". The CFS scheduler replaced the earlier \"O(1)\" scheduler." msgstr "" "Depuis Linux 2.6.23, l’ordonnanceur par défaut est CFS (Completely Fair " "Scheduler – ordonnanceur complètement équitable). Il remplace l’ordonnanceur " "précédent, « O(1) »." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "API summary" msgstr "Résumé des API" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Linux provides the following system calls for controlling the CPU scheduling " "behavior, policy, and priority of processes (or, more precisely, threads)." msgstr "" "Linux fournit les appels système suivants pour contrôler le comportement de " "l’ordonnancement du CPU, la politique et la priorité des processus (ou, plus " "précisément, des threads)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B(2)" msgstr "B(2)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Set a new nice value for the calling thread, and return the new nice value." msgstr "" "Définir une nouvelle valeur de politesse pour le thread appelant et renvoyer " "cette nouvelle valeur." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B(2)" msgstr "B(2)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Return the nice value of a thread, a process group, or the set of threads " "owned by a specified user." msgstr "" "Renvoyer la valeur de politesse d’un thread, d’un groupe de processus ou de " "l’ensemble des threads possédés par un utilisateur particulier." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B(2)" msgstr "B(2)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Set the nice value of a thread, a process group, or the set of threads owned " "by a specified user." msgstr "" "Définir la valeur de politesse d’un thread, d’un groupe de processus ou de " "l’ensemble des threads possédés par un utilisateur particulier." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B(2)" msgstr "B(2)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Set the scheduling policy and parameters of a specified thread." msgstr "" "Définir la politique d'ordonnancement et les paramètres du thread indiqué." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B(2)" msgstr "B(2)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Return the scheduling policy of a specified thread." msgstr "Renvoyer la politique d'ordonnancement du thread indiqué." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B(2)" msgstr "B(2)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Set the scheduling parameters of a specified thread." msgstr "Définir les paramètres d'ordonnancement du thread indiqué." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B(2)" msgstr "B(2)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Fetch the scheduling parameters of a specified thread." msgstr "Récupérer les paramètres d'ordonnancement du thread indiqué." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B(2)" msgstr "B(2)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Return the maximum priority available in a specified scheduling policy." msgstr "" "Renvoyer la priorité la plus haute disponible pour la politique " "d'ordonnancement indiquée." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B(2)" msgstr "B(2)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Return the minimum priority available in a specified scheduling policy." msgstr "" "Renvoyer la priorité la plus basse disponible pour la politique " "d'ordonnancement indiquée." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B(2)" msgstr "B(2)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Fetch the quantum used for threads that are scheduled under the \"round-" "robin\" scheduling policy." msgstr "" "Récupérer le quantum de temps alloué utilisé pour les threads ordonnancés " "par une politique de type répartition par tourniquet (round robin)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B(2)" msgstr "B(2)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Cause the caller to relinquish the CPU, so that some other thread be " "executed." msgstr "" "Provoquer la libération du CPU par l'appelant afin de permettre l’exécution " "d'autres threads." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B(2)" msgstr "B(2)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "(Linux-specific) Set the CPU affinity of a specified thread." msgstr "Définir le masque d'affinité CPU du thread indiqué (propre à Linux)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B(2)" msgstr "B(2)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "(Linux-specific) Get the CPU affinity of a specified thread." msgstr "Récupérer le masque d'affinité CPU du thread indiqué (propre à Linux)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B(2)" msgstr "B(2)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Set the scheduling policy and parameters of a specified thread. This (Linux-" "specific) system call provides a superset of the functionality of " "B(2) and B(2)." msgstr "" "Définir la politique d'ordonnancement et les paramètres du thread indiqué. " "Cet appel système (propre à Linux) fournit un sur-ensemble de la " "fonctionnalité de B(2) et de B(2)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "B(2)" msgstr "B(2)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Fetch the scheduling policy and parameters of a specified thread. This " "(Linux-specific) system call provides a superset of the functionality of " "B(2) and B(2)." msgstr "" "Récupérer la politique d'ordonnancement et les paramètres du thread indiqué. " "Cet appel système (propre à Linux) fournit un sur-ensemble de la " "fonctionnalité de B(2) et de B(2)." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Scheduling policies" msgstr "Politiques d'ordonnancement" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The scheduler is the kernel component that decides which runnable thread " "will be executed by the CPU next. Each thread has an associated scheduling " "policy and a I scheduling priority, I. The " "scheduler makes its decisions based on knowledge of the scheduling policy " "and static priority of all threads on the system." msgstr "" "L'ordonnanceur est la partie du noyau qui décide quel thread prêt va être " "exécuté ensuite. Chaque processus a une politique d'ordonnancement associée " "et une priorité d'ordonnancement I, I. " "L'ordonnanceur prend ses décisions en fonction de la politique " "d'ordonnancement et de la priorité statique de tous les threads du système." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "For threads scheduled under one of the normal scheduling policies " "(B, B, B), I is not " "used in scheduling decisions (it must be specified as 0)." msgstr "" "Pour les threads ordonnancés sous l'une des politiques d'ordonnancement " "normales (B, B, B), I " "n'est pas utilisée dans les décisions d'ordonnancement (et doit valoir 0)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Processes scheduled under one of the real-time policies (B, " "B) have a I value in the range 1 (low) to 99 " "(high). (As the numbers imply, real-time threads always have higher " "priority than normal threads.) Note well: POSIX.1 requires an " "implementation to support only a minimum 32 distinct priority levels for the " "real-time policies, and some systems supply just this minimum. Portable " "programs should use B(2) and " "B(2) to find the range of priorities supported for " "a particular policy." msgstr "" "Les processus ordonnancés sous l'une des politiques d'ordonnancement temps " "réel (B, B) ont une valeur I dans " "l'intervalle 1 (faible) à 99 (haute). (Comme les nombres l'impliquent, les " "threads temps réel ont toujours une priorité plus haute que les threads " "normaux.) Notez bien : POSIX.1 exige d'une implémentation qu'elle gère " "seulement un minimum de 32 niveaux de priorité distincts pour les politiques " "temps réel et certains systèmes n'offrent que ce minimum. Les programmes " "portables doivent utiliser B(2) et " "B(2) pour connaître l'intervalle des priorités " "gérées pour une politique particulière." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Conceptually, the scheduler maintains a list of runnable threads for each " "possible I value. In order to determine which thread runs " "next, the scheduler looks for the nonempty list with the highest static " "priority and selects the thread at the head of this list." msgstr "" "Théoriquement, l'ordonnanceur entretient une liste de tous les threads prêts " "pour l’exécution pour chaque valeur possible de I. Afin de " "déterminer quel processus doit s'exécuter ensuite, l'ordonnanceur recherche " "la liste non vide de plus haute priorité statique et choisit le thread en " "tête de cette liste." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A thread's scheduling policy determines where it will be inserted into the " "list of threads with equal static priority and how it will move inside this " "list." msgstr "" "La politique d'ordonnancement d'un thread détermine l'emplacement où il sera " "inséré dans la liste contenant les threads de même priorité statique et " "comment il se déplacera dans cette liste." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "All scheduling is preemptive: if a thread with a higher static priority " "becomes ready to run, the currently running thread will be preempted and " "returned to the wait list for its static priority level. The scheduling " "policy determines the ordering only within the list of runnable threads with " "equal static priority." msgstr "" "Tout ordonnancement est préemptif\\ : si un thread avec une priorité " "statique plus élevée devient prêt, le thread actuellement en cours " "d'exécution est interrompu et retourne dans la liste d'attente avec son " "niveau de priorité statique. La politique d'ordonnancement détermine l'ordre " "utilisé seulement dans la liste de threads prêts avec des priorités " "statiques égales." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "SCHED_FIFO: First in-first out scheduling" msgstr "SCHED_FIFO\\ : Ordonnancement premier entré, premier sorti" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "B can be used only with static priorities higher than 0, which " "means that when a B thread becomes runnable, it will always " "immediately preempt any currently running B, B, or " "B thread. B is a simple scheduling algorithm " "without time slicing. For threads scheduled under the B policy, " "the following rules apply:" msgstr "" "B ne peut être utilisée qu'avec des priorités statiques " "supérieures à 0, ce qui signifie que dès qu'un thread B devient " "prêt, il préempte n’importe quel thread B, B ou " "B en cours d'exécution. B est un ordonnancement " "simple sans découpage temporel. Pour les threads ordonnancés selon la " "politique B, les règles suivantes sont appliquées :" #. type: IP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "\\[bu]" msgstr "-" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A running B thread that has been preempted by another thread of " "higher priority will stay at the head of the list for its priority and will " "resume execution as soon as all threads of higher priority are blocked again." msgstr "" "Un thread B qui a été préempté par un autre thread de priorité " "supérieure restera en tête de liste pour sa priorité et reprendra son " "exécution dès que tous les threads de priorité supérieure seront à nouveau " "bloqués." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "When a blocked B thread becomes runnable, it will be inserted at " "the end of the list for its priority." msgstr "" "Quand un thread B bloqué devient prêt, il est inséré en fin de " "liste pour sa priorité." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If a call to B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(3), or " "B(3) changes the priority of the running or runnable " "B thread identified by I the effect on the thread's " "position in the list depends on the direction of the change to threads " "priority:" msgstr "" "Si un appel à B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(3) ou " "B(3) modifie la priorité du thread B prêt " "ou en cours d’exécution, identifié par I, l’effet sur la position du " "thread dans la liste dépend de la direction de la modification de la " "priorité des threads :" #. type: IP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "(a)" msgstr "(a)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If the thread's priority is raised, it is placed at the end of the list for " "its new priority. As a consequence, it may preempt a currently running " "thread with the same priority." msgstr "" "Si la priorité du thread est relevée, il est placé en fin de liste pour sa " "nouvelle priorité. Par conséquent, il peut préempter un thread en cours " "d’exécution ayant la même priorité." #. type: IP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "(b)" msgstr "(b)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If the thread's priority is unchanged, its position in the run list is " "unchanged." msgstr "" "Si la priorité du thread est inchangée, sa position dans la liste des " "exécutions est inchangée." #. type: IP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "(c)" msgstr "(c)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If the thread's priority is lowered, it is placed at the front of the list " "for its new priority." msgstr "" "Si la priorité du thread est abaissée, il est placé en tête de liste pour sa " "nouvelle priorité." #. In Linux 2.2.x and Linux 2.4.x, the thread is placed at the front of the queue #. In Linux 2.0.x, the Right Thing happened: the thread went to the back -- MTK #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "According to POSIX.1-2008, changes to a thread's priority (or policy) using " "any mechanism other than B(3) should result in the " "thread being placed at the end of the list for its priority." msgstr "" "Selon POSIX.1-2008, les modifications de priorité (ou politique) de thread " "en utilisant tout autre mécanisme que B(3) devraient " "aboutir à ce que le thread soit placé en fin de liste pour sa priorité." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "A thread calling B(2) will be put at the end of the list." msgstr "Un thread appelant B(2) sera placé en fin liste." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "No other events will move a thread scheduled under the B policy " "in the wait list of runnable threads with equal static priority." msgstr "" "Aucun autre événement ne déplacera un thread ordonnancé selon la politique " "B dans la liste d’attente des threads prêts de priorité statique " "équivalente." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A B thread runs until either it is blocked by an I/O request, it " "is preempted by a higher priority thread, or it calls B(2)." msgstr "" "Un thread B s'exécute jusqu'à ce qu'il soit bloqué par une " "requête d'entrée-sortie, qu'il soit préempté par un thread de priorité " "supérieure ou qu'il appelle B(2)." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "SCHED_RR: Round-robin scheduling" msgstr "SCHED_RR\\ : ordonnancement tourniquet" #. On Linux 2.4, the length of the RR interval is influenced #. by the process nice value -- MTK #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "B is a simple enhancement of B. Everything described " "above for B also applies to B, except that each thread " "is allowed to run only for a maximum time quantum. If a B thread " "has been running for a time period equal to or longer than the time quantum, " "it will be put at the end of the list for its priority. A B " "thread that has been preempted by a higher priority thread and subsequently " "resumes execution as a running thread will complete the unexpired portion of " "its round-robin time quantum. The length of the time quantum can be " "retrieved using B(2)." msgstr "" "B est une amélioration simple de B. Tout ce qui est " "décrit pour B s'applique aussi à B, sauf que chaque " "thread ne dispose que d'un quantum de temps maximal pour son exécution. Si " "l’exécution d’un thread B est d’une durée supérieure ou égale au " "quantum de temps, il sera placé en fin de liste pour sa priorité. Un thread " "B qui a été préempté par un thread de priorité supérieure et par " "conséquent qui reprend l’exécution en tant que thread en cours, terminera la " "part non utilisée de son quantum de temps dans le tourniquet. La valeur du " "quantum de temps peut être lue avec B(2)." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "SCHED_DEADLINE: Sporadic task model deadline scheduling" msgstr "SCHED_DEADLINE: ordonnancement sur échéances selon le modèle des tâches sporadiques." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Since version 3.14, Linux provides a deadline scheduling policy " #| "(B). This policy is currently implemented using GEDF " #| "(Global Earliest Deadline First) in conjunction with CBS (Constant " #| "Bandwidth Server). To set and fetch this policy and associated " #| "attributes, one must use the Linux-specific B(2) and " #| "B(2) system calls." msgid "" "Since Linux 3.14, Linux provides a deadline scheduling policy " "(B). This policy is currently implemented using GEDF " "(Global Earliest Deadline First) in conjunction with CBS (Constant " "Bandwidth Server). To set and fetch this policy and associated attributes, " "one must use the Linux-specific B(2) and " "B(2) system calls." msgstr "" "Depuis la version 3.14, Linux offre une politique d'ordonnancement sur " "échéances (B). L'implémentation actuelle de cette politique " "repose sur les algorithmes GEDF (Global Earliest Deadline First, ou " "« priorité globale à l'échéance proche ») et CBS (Constant Bandwidth Server, " "ou « serveur à bande passante constante ») utilisés conjointement. Pour " "définir ou récupérer cette politique et ses attributs associés, les appels " "système B(2) et B(2) doivent être utilisés." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A sporadic task is one that has a sequence of jobs, where each job is " "activated at most once per period. Each job also has a I, before which it should finish execution, and a I, which is the CPU time necessary for executing the job. The moment " "when a task wakes up because a new job has to be executed is called the " "I (also referred to as the request time or release time). The " "I is the time at which a task starts its execution. The " "I is thus obtained by adding the relative deadline to the " "arrival time." msgstr "" "Une tâche sporadique présente une séquence de sous-tâches qui sont chacune " "activées au moins une fois par période. Chaque sous-tâche a également une " "I<échéance relative>, avant laquelle elle doit achever son exécution, et un " "I qui est le temps CPU nécessaire pour qu'elle s'exécute. " "Le moment auquel une tâche est activée parce qu'une sous-tâche doit être " "exécutée est appelé I (également désigné temps d'appel " "(« request time ») ou temps de libération (« release time »)). Le I est le moment auquel la tâche commence son exécution. " "L'I<échéance impérative> est obtenue en additionnant l'échéance relative et " "le temps d'activation." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "The following diagram clarifies these terms:" msgstr "Le schéma suivant illustre ces termes :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "" "arrival/wakeup absolute deadline\n" " | start time |\n" " | | |\n" " v v v\n" "-----x--------xooooooooooooooooo--------x--------x---\n" " |E- comp. time -E|\n" " |E------- relative deadline ------E|\n" " |E-------------- period -------------------E|\n" msgstr "" "activation/réveil échéance impérative\n" " | temps du lancement |\n" " | | |\n" " v v v\n" "-----x--------xoooooooooooooooooooooooo--------x--------x---\n" " |E- temps d'exécution -E|\n" " |E---------- échéance relative ----------E|\n" " |E----------------- période ----------------------E|\n" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "When setting a B policy for a thread using " "B(2), one can specify three parameters: I, " "I, and I. These parameters do not necessarily correspond " "to the aforementioned terms: usual practice is to set Runtime to something " "bigger than the average computation time (or worst-case execution time for " "hard real-time tasks), Deadline to the relative deadline, and Period to the " "period of the task. Thus, for B scheduling, we have:" msgstr "" "Lorsqu'une politique B est activée au moyen de " "B(2), il est possible de préciser trois paramètres : " "I, I et I. Ces paramètres ne correspondent pas " "forcément aux termes décrits précédemment : il est d'usage d'affecter à " "Runtime une valeur supérieure au temps d'exécution moyen (ou le pire temps " "d'exécution possible, pour les cas de temps réel extrêmes) ; Deadline prend " "la valeur de l'échéance relative ; enfin, Period reçoit la valeur de la " "période de la tâche. Ainsi, pour un ordonnancement B, on " "obtient." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "" "arrival/wakeup absolute deadline\n" " | start time |\n" " | | |\n" " v v v\n" "-----x--------xooooooooooooooooo--------x--------x---\n" " |E-- Runtime -------E|\n" " |E----------- Deadline -----------E|\n" " |E-------------- Period -------------------E|\n" msgstr "" "activation/réveil échéance impérative\n" " | temps du lancement |\n" " | | |\n" " v v v\n" "-----x--------xoooooooooooooooooooooooo--------x--------x---\n" " |E------- Exécution -------E|\n" " |E----------------- Échéance ------------E|\n" " |E----------------- Période ----------------------E|\n" #. FIXME It looks as though specifying sched_period as 0 means #. "make sched_period the same as sched_deadline". #. This needs to be documented. #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The three deadline-scheduling parameters correspond to the I, " "I, and I fields of the I " "structure; see B(2). These fields express values in " "nanoseconds. If I is specified as 0, then it is made the same " "as I." msgstr "" "Les trois paramètres de configuration de l'ordonnancement sur échéances " "correspondent aux champs I, I et " "I de la structure I (consultez " "B(2)). Ces champs sont exprimés en nanosecondes. Si la " "valeur 0 est affectée à I, ce paramètre prend la valeur de " "I." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "The kernel requires that:" msgstr "Le noyau exige que :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid " sched_runtime E= sched_deadline E= sched_period\n" msgid "sched_runtime E= sched_deadline E= sched_period\n" msgstr " sched_runtime E= sched_deadline E= sched_period\n" #. See __checkparam_dl in kernel/sched/core.c #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "In addition, under the current implementation, all of the parameter " #| "values must be at least 1024 (i.e., just over one microsecond, which is " #| "the resolution of the implementation), and less than 2^63. If any of " #| "these checks fails, B(2) fails with the error B." msgid "" "In addition, under the current implementation, all of the parameter values " "must be at least 1024 (i.e., just over one microsecond, which is the " "resolution of the implementation), and less than 2\\[ha]63. If any of these " "checks fails, B(2) fails with the error B." msgstr "" "De plus, dans l'implémentation actuelle, tous les paramètres doivent valoir " "au moins 1024 (c'est à dire à peine plus qu'une microseconde, qui est la " "résolution de cette implémentation) et moins de 2^63. Si la valeur de l'un " "de ces paramètres sort de cet intervalle, B(2) échoue en " "renvoyant l'erreur B. " #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The CBS guarantees non-interference between tasks, by throttling threads " "that attempt to over-run their specified Runtime." msgstr "" "Le CBS assure que les différentes tâches n'interfèrent pas en bloquant les " "threads qui tentent de dépasser leur temps d'exécution (Runtime)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "To ensure deadline scheduling guarantees, the kernel must prevent situations " "where the set of B threads is not feasible (schedulable) " "within the given constraints. The kernel thus performs an admittance test " "when setting or changing B policy and attributes. This " "admission test calculates whether the change is feasible; if it is not, " "B(2) fails with the error B." msgstr "" "Pour que les conditions requises par l'ordonnancement sur échéances soient " "remplies, le noyau doit empêcher des situations dans lesquelles l’ensemble " "des threads B n’est pas réalisable (ordonnancement non " "possible) en tenant compte des contraintes données. Le noyau doit donc " "exécuter un test d'approbation lorsque la politique B et ses " "attributs sont définis ou modifiés. Ce test d'approbation valide que le " "changement demandé est réalisable ; si ce n'est pas le cas, " "B(2) échoue et renvoie l'erreur B." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "For example, it is required (but not necessarily sufficient) for the total " "utilization to be less than or equal to the total number of CPUs available, " "where, since each thread can maximally run for Runtime per Period, that " "thread's utilization is its Runtime divided by its Period." msgstr "" "Par exemple, il est nécessaire (et par forcément suffisant) pour " "l'utilisation totale d'être inférieure ou égale au nombre total de CPU " "disponibles, où, puisque chaque thread peut s'exécuter au plus pour " "I par I, l'utilisation pour ce thread vaut son I " "divisé par sa I." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "In order to fulfill the guarantees that are made when a thread is admitted " "to the B policy, B threads are the highest " "priority (user controllable) threads in the system; if any B " "thread is runnable, it will preempt any thread scheduled under one of the " "other policies." msgstr "" "Pour assurer les conditions qui sont requises lorsqu'un thread est autorisé " "à utiliser la politique B, les threads B ont " "la priorité la plus élevée parmi tous les threads (contrôlable par " "l'utilisateur) du système. Si un thread ordonnancé selon B " "est prêt, il aura la priorité sur tout autre thread ordonnancé par une autre " "politique." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A call to B(2) by a thread scheduled under the B " "policy fails with the error B, unless the thread has its reset-on-" "fork flag set (see below)." msgstr "" "Un appel à B(2) effectué par un thread ordonnancé selon la politique " "B échouera en renvoyant l'erreur B, sauf dans le cas " "ou l'attribut « reset-on-fork » du thread est activé (voir plus bas)." # #. FIXME Calling sched_getparam() on a SCHED_DEADLINE thread #. fails with EINVAL, but sched_getscheduler() succeeds. #. Is that intended? (Why?) #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A B thread that calls B(2) will yield the " "current job and wait for a new period to begin." msgstr "" "Un thread ordonnancé selon B qui appelle B(2) " "cédera la priorité à la sous-tâche en cours et attendra une nouvelle période " "pour débuter." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "SCHED_OTHER: Default Linux time-sharing scheduling" msgstr "SCHED_OTHER\\ : ordonnancement temps partagé par défaut" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "B can be used at only static priority 0 (i.e., threads under " "real-time policies always have priority over B processes). " "B is the standard Linux time-sharing scheduler that is intended " "for all threads that do not require the special real-time mechanisms." msgstr "" "B peut être utilisé seulement pour la priorité statique 0 " "(c’est-à-dire que les threads sous politique temps réel ont la priorité sur " "les processus B). B est l’ordonnanceur temps " "partagé de Linux prévu pour tous les threads n’ayant pas besoin des " "mécanismes temps réel spéciaux." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The thread to run is chosen from the static priority 0 list based on a " "I priority that is determined only inside this list. The dynamic " "priority is based on the nice value (see below) and is increased for each " "time quantum the thread is ready to run, but denied to run by the " "scheduler. This ensures fair progress among all B threads." msgstr "" "Le thread à exécuter est choisi dans la liste des threads de priorité " "statique 0, en utilisant une priorité I qui ne s'applique que " "dans cette liste. La priorité dynamique est basée sur la valeur de politesse " "(« nice ») du thread (voir ci-dessous) et est incrémentée à chaque quantum " "de temps où le thread est prêt, mais non sélectionné par l'ordonnanceur. " "Cela garantit une progression équitable de tous les threads B." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "In the Linux kernel source code, the B policy is actually named " "B." msgstr "" "Dans le code source du noyau Linux, la politique B est en fait " "appelée B." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "The nice value" msgstr "La valeur de politesse" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The nice value is an attribute that can be used to influence the CPU " "scheduler to favor or disfavor a process in scheduling decisions. It " "affects the scheduling of B and B (see below) " "processes. The nice value can be modified using B(2), " "B(2), or B(2)." msgstr "" "La valeur de politesse est un attribut pouvant être utilisé pour influencer " "l’ordonnanceur en faveur ou défaveur d’un processus dans les choix " "d’ordonnancement. Elle affecte l’ordonnancement des processus B " "et B (voir ci-dessous). La valeur de politesse peut être " "modifiée avec B(2), B(2) ou B(2)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "According to POSIX.1, the nice value is a per-process attribute; that is, " "the threads in a process should share a nice value. However, on Linux, the " "nice value is a per-thread attribute: different threads in the same process " "may have different nice values." msgstr "" "Selon POSIX.1, la valeur de politesse est un attribut par processus, c’est-à-" "dire que les threads dans un processus devraient partager la valeur de " "politesse. Cependant, dans Linux, cette valeur est un attribut par thread : " "des threads distincts dans le même processus peuvent avoir des valeurs de " "politesse différentes." #. Linux before 1.3.36 had \-infinity..15. #. Since Linux 1.3.43, Linux has the range \-20..19. #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "The range of the nice value varies across UNIX systems. On modern Linux, " #| "the range is -20 (high priority) to +19 (low priority). On some other " #| "systems, the range is -20..20. Very early Linux kernels (Before Linux " #| "2.0) had the range -infinity..15." msgid "" "The range of the nice value varies across UNIX systems. On modern Linux, " "the range is -20 (high priority) to +19 (low priority). On some other " "systems, the range is -20..20. Very early Linux kernels (before Linux 2.0) " "had the range -infinity..15." msgstr "" "L’éventail des valeurs de politesse diffère selon les systèmes UNIX. Dans un " "Linux moderne, il varie de −20 (priorité élevée) à +19 (priorité basse). " "Dans quelques autres systèmes, la plage est de −20 à 20. Les tout premiers " "noyaux Linux (avant Linux 2.0) avaient une plage de −infini à 15 ." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The degree to which the nice value affects the relative scheduling of " "B processes likewise varies across UNIX systems and across " "Linux kernel versions." msgstr "" "De même, le degré auquel la valeur de politesse affecte l’ordonnancement " "respectif des processus B varie selon les systèmes UNIX et " "selon les versions du noyau Linux." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "With the advent of the CFS scheduler in kernel 2.6.23, Linux adopted an " #| "algorithm that causes relative differences in nice values to have a much " #| "stronger effect. In the current implementation, each unit of difference " #| "in the nice values of two processes results in a factor of 1.25 in the " #| "degree to which the scheduler favors the higher priority process. This " #| "causes very low nice values (+19) to truly provide little CPU to a " #| "process whenever there is any other higher priority load on the system, " #| "and makes high nice values (-20) deliver most of the CPU to applications " #| "that require it (e.g., some audio applications)." msgid "" "With the advent of the CFS scheduler in Linux 2.6.23, Linux adopted an " "algorithm that causes relative differences in nice values to have a much " "stronger effect. In the current implementation, each unit of difference in " "the nice values of two processes results in a factor of 1.25 in the degree " "to which the scheduler favors the higher priority process. This causes very " "low nice values (+19) to truly provide little CPU to a process whenever " "there is any other higher priority load on the system, and makes high nice " "values (-20) deliver most of the CPU to applications that require it (e.g., " "some audio applications)." msgstr "" "Avec l’arrivée de l’ordonnanceur CFS dans le noyau 2.6.23, Linux a adopté un " "algorithme qui provoque des différences relatives aux valeurs de politesse " "ayant un impact plus important. Dans l’implémentation actuelle, chaque unité " "de différence dans les valeurs de politesse dans deux processus aboutit à un " "facteur de 1,25 dans le degré dont l’ordonnancement favorise le processus de " "plus haute priorité. Cela fait que les très petites valeurs de priorité " "(+19) fournissent vraiment peu de CPU pour un processus à chaque fois qu’il " "existe une charge de plus haute priorité sur le système, et cela fait que " "les hautes valeurs (−20) fournissent la plus grande partie du CPU aux " "applications en ayant besoin (par exemple, certaines applications audio)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "On Linux, the B resource limit can be used to define a limit to " "which an unprivileged process's nice value can be raised; see " "B(2) for details." msgstr "" "Dans Linux, la limite de ressources B peut être utilisée pour " "définir une limite jusqu'à laquelle une valeur de politesse de processus non " "privilégié peut être élevée. Consultez B(2) pour les détails." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "For further details on the nice value, see the subsections on the autogroup " "feature and group scheduling, below." msgstr "" "Pour davantage d’explications à propos de la valeur de politesse, consultez " "ci-dessous les sous-sections sur la fonctionnalité d’autogroupe et sur " "l’ordonnancement de groupe." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "SCHED_BATCH: Scheduling batch processes" msgstr "SCHED_BATCH\\ : ordonnancement de processus par lots" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "(Since Linux 2.6.16.) B can be used only at static priority " "0. This policy is similar to B in that it schedules the thread " "according to its dynamic priority (based on the nice value). The difference " "is that this policy will cause the scheduler to always assume that the " "thread is CPU-intensive. Consequently, the scheduler will apply a small " "scheduling penalty with respect to wakeup behavior, so that this thread is " "mildly disfavored in scheduling decisions." msgstr "" "(Depuis Linux 2.6.16) B ne peut être utilisée qu'avec une " "priorité statique de 0. Cette politique est similaire à B en ce " "qu'elle ordonnance les threads conformément à leur priorité dynamique (basée " "sur la valeur de politesse). La différence est que cette politique fera que " "l'ordonnanceur considérera toujours que ce thread demande beaucoup de " "ressources processeur. Par conséquent, il lui appliquera une petite pénalité " "d'ordonnancement vis-à-vis du comportement au réveil, ainsi le thread sera " "légèrement désavantagé dans les décisions d'ordonnancement." #. The following paragraph is drawn largely from the text that #. accompanied Ingo Molnar's patch for the implementation of #. SCHED_BATCH. #. commit b0a9499c3dd50d333e2aedb7e894873c58da3785 #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This policy is useful for workloads that are noninteractive, but do not want " "to lower their nice value, and for workloads that want a deterministic " "scheduling policy without interactivity causing extra preemptions (between " "the workload's tasks)." msgstr "" "Cette politique est utile pour les charges de travail non interactives, mais " "qui ne souhaitent pas diminuer leur valeur de politesse, ou pour celles qui " "veulent une politique d'ordonnancement déterministe sans que l'interactivité " "ne cause de préemptions supplémentaires (entre les tâches des charges)." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "SCHED_IDLE: Scheduling very low priority jobs" msgstr "SCHED_IDLE : ordonnancement de tâches de très faible priorité" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "(Since Linux 2.6.23.) B can be used only at static priority 0; " "the process nice value has no influence for this policy." msgstr "" "(Depuis Linux 2.6.23.) B ne peut être utilisée qu'avec une " "priorité statique de 0 ; la valeur de politesse n'a pas d'influence pour " "cette politique." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This policy is intended for running jobs at extremely low priority (lower " "even than a +19 nice value with the B or B " "policies)." msgstr "" "Cette politique est conçue pour l'exécution de tâches de très faible " "priorité (inférieure même à une valeur de politesse +19 avec les politiques " "B ou B)." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Resetting scheduling policy for child processes" msgstr "Réinitialiser la politique d'ordonnancement pour les processus enfant" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Each thread has a reset-on-fork scheduling flag. When this flag is set, " "children created by B(2) do not inherit privileged scheduling " "policies. The reset-on-fork flag can be set by either:" msgstr "" "Chaque thread possède un attribut d'ordonnancement reset-on-fork. Lorsque " "cet attribut est défini, les enfants créés au moyen de B(2) n'héritent " "pas des politiques d'ordonnancement nécessitant des droits. L'attribut reset-" "on-fork peut être défini soit :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "ORing the B flag into the I argument when " "calling B(2) (since Linux 2.6.32); or" msgstr "" "en appliquant un OU logique à l'attribut B dans " "l'argument I au moment de l'appel à B(2) (à " "partir de Linux 2.6.32) ;" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "specifying the B flag in I when " "calling B(2)." msgstr "" "ou en ajoutant l'argument B dans I au moment de l'appel à B(2)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Note that the constants used with these two APIs have different names. The " "state of the reset-on-fork flag can analogously be retrieved using " "B(2) and B(2)." msgstr "" "Notez que les constantes utilisées dans ces deux API ont des noms " "différents. La disposition de l'attribut reset-on-fork peut, de façon " "analogue, être obtenue au moyen de B(2) et de " "B(2)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The reset-on-fork feature is intended for media-playback applications, and " "can be used to prevent applications evading the B resource " "limit (see B(2)) by creating multiple child processes." msgstr "" "La fonctionnalité reset-on-fork est prévue pour des applications de lecture " "audiovisuelle et peut être utilisée pour empêcher les applications de passer " "outre la limite de ressource B (consultez B(2)) en " "créant de nombreux processus enfant." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "More precisely, if the reset-on-fork flag is set, the following rules apply " "for subsequently created children:" msgstr "" "Plus précisément, si l'attribut reset-on-fork est utilisé, les règles " "suivantes seront appliquées lors de la création ultérieure des enfants :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If the calling thread has a scheduling policy of B or " "B, the policy is reset to B in child processes." msgstr "" "Si le thread appelant a une politique d'ordonnancement B ou " "B, la politique pour les processus enfant est réinitialisée à " "B." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If the calling process has a negative nice value, the nice value is reset to " "zero in child processes." msgstr "" "Si le processus appelant a une valeur de politesse négative, elle est mise à " "zéro pour les processus enfant." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "After the reset-on-fork flag has been enabled, it can be reset only if the " "thread has the B capability. This flag is disabled in child " "processes created by B(2)." msgstr "" "Une fois que l'attribut reset-on-fork est activé, il ne peut être désactivé " "que si le thread possède la capacité B. Cet attribut est " "désactivé pour les processus enfant créés avec B(2)." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Privileges and resource limits" msgstr "Privilèges et limites de ressources" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "In Linux kernels before 2.6.12, only privileged (B) " #| "threads can set a nonzero static priority (i.e., set a real-time " #| "scheduling policy). The only change that an unprivileged thread can make " #| "is to set the B policy, and this can be done only if the " #| "effective user ID of the caller matches the real or effective user ID of " #| "the target thread (i.e., the thread specified by I) whose policy is " #| "being changed." msgid "" "Before Linux 2.6.12, only privileged (B) threads can set a " "nonzero static priority (i.e., set a real-time scheduling policy). The only " "change that an unprivileged thread can make is to set the B " "policy, and this can be done only if the effective user ID of the caller " "matches the real or effective user ID of the target thread (i.e., the thread " "specified by I) whose policy is being changed." msgstr "" "Avec les noyaux Linux antérieurs à 2.6.12, seuls les threads privilégiés " "(B) pouvaient attribuer une priorité statique non nulle (c'est-" "à-dire définir une politique d'ordonnancement temps réel). Le seul " "changement qu'un thread non privilégié pouvait faire était d'affecter la " "politique B et cela ne pouvait être fait que si l'UID effectif " "de l'appelant était le même que l'UID réel ou effectif du thread cible " "(c'est-à-dire le thread spécifié par I) dont la politique était " "modifiée." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A thread must be privileged (B) in order to set or modify a " "B policy." msgstr "" "Un thread doit avoir des droits spécifiques (B) pour pouvoir " "affecter ou modifier la politique B." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Since Linux 2.6.12, the B resource limit defines a ceiling on " "an unprivileged thread's static priority for the B and " "B policies. The rules for changing scheduling policy and " "priority are as follows:" msgstr "" "Depuis Linux 2.6.12, la limite de ressources B définit un " "plafond pour la priorité statique d'un thread non privilégié pour les " "politiques B et B. Les règles pour modifier la " "politique d'ordonnancement et la priorité sont les suivantes :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If an unprivileged thread has a nonzero B soft limit, then it " "can change its scheduling policy and priority, subject to the restriction " "that the priority cannot be set to a value higher than the maximum of its " "current priority and its B soft limit." msgstr "" "Si un thread non privilégié a une limite souple B non nulle, " "il peut modifier sa politique et sa priorité d'ordonnancement, à condition " "que la priorité reste inférieure au maximum de sa priorité actuelle et à sa " "limite souple B." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If the B soft limit is 0, then the only permitted changes are " "to lower the priority, or to switch to a non-real-time policy." msgstr "" "Si la limite souple B est nulle, les seules modifications " "permises sont une diminution de la priorité ou bien un basculement vers une " "politique qui n'est pas temps réel." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Subject to the same rules, another unprivileged thread can also make these " "changes, as long as the effective user ID of the thread making the change " "matches the real or effective user ID of the target thread." msgstr "" "Soumis aux mêmes règles, un autre thread non privilégié peut également faire " "ces modifications à partir du moment où l'UID effectif du thread effectuant " "la modification correspond à l'UID réel ou effectif du thread cible." #. commit c02aa73b1d18e43cfd79c2f193b225e84ca497c8 #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Special rules apply for the B policy. In Linux kernels " #| "before 2.6.39, an unprivileged thread operating under this policy cannot " #| "change its policy, regardless of the value of its B " #| "resource limit. In Linux kernels since 2.6.39, an unprivileged thread " #| "can switch to either the B or the B policy so " #| "long as its nice value falls within the range permitted by its " #| "B resource limit (see B(2))." msgid "" "Special rules apply for the B policy. Before Linux 2.6.39, an " "unprivileged thread operating under this policy cannot change its policy, " "regardless of the value of its B resource limit. Since Linux " "2.6.39, an unprivileged thread can switch to either the B or " "the B policy so long as its nice value falls within the range " "permitted by its B resource limit (see B(2))." msgstr "" "Des règles particulières s'appliquent à la politique B. Dans les " "noyaux Linux antérieurs à 2.6.39, un thread non privilégié opérant sous " "cette politique ne peut pas modifier sa politique, quelle que soit la valeur " "de sa limite souple de ressources B. Dans les noyaux Linux " "postérieurs à 2.6.39, un thread non privilégié peut basculer vers la " "politique B ou B tant que sa valeur de politesse " "tombe dans l'intervalle permis par sa limite de ressources B " "(consultez B(2))." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Privileged (B) threads ignore the B limit; as " "with older kernels, they can make arbitrary changes to scheduling policy and " "priority. See B(2) for further information on B." msgstr "" "Les threads privilégiés (B) ignorent la limite " "B : comme avec d'anciens noyaux, ils peuvent modifier " "arbitrairement la politique d'ordonnancement et la priorité. Consultez " "B(2) pour plus d'informations sur B." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Limiting the CPU usage of real-time and deadline processes" msgstr "Limiter l'utilisation CPU des processus temps-réel et à échéances." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "A nonblocking infinite loop in a thread scheduled under the " #| "B, B, or B policy can potentially " #| "block all other threads from accessing the CPU forever. Prior to Linux " #| "2.6.25, the only way of preventing a runaway real-time process from " #| "freezing the system was to run (at the console) a shell scheduled under " #| "a higher static priority than the tested application. This allows an " #| "emergency kill of tested real-time applications that do not block or " #| "terminate as expected." msgid "" "A nonblocking infinite loop in a thread scheduled under the B, " "B, or B policy can potentially block all other " "threads from accessing the CPU forever. Before Linux 2.6.25, the only way " "of preventing a runaway real-time process from freezing the system was to " "run (at the console) a shell scheduled under a higher static priority than " "the tested application. This allows an emergency kill of tested real-time " "applications that do not block or terminate as expected." msgstr "" "Une boucle sans fin non bloquante dans un thread ordonnancé selon une " "politique B, B ou B peut " "potentiellement bloquer indéfiniment l’accès au CPU de tous les threads. " "Avant Linux 2.6.25, le seul moyen d'éviter qu'un processus temps réel hors " "de contrôle ne bloque le système était d'exécuter (sur la console) un shell " "ayant un priorité statique supérieure à celle de l'application testée. Cela " "permettait d'exécuter en urgence une commande kill sur les applications " "temps réel en cours de test qui ne se bloquaient pas ou ne se terminaient " "pas comme prévu." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Since Linux 2.6.25, there are other techniques for dealing with runaway real-" "time and deadline processes. One of these is to use the B " "resource limit to set a ceiling on the CPU time that a real-time process may " "consume. See B(2) for details." msgstr "" "Depuis Linux 2.6.25, il existe d'autres techniques pour traiter le cas des " "processus temps réel et à échéances qui sont hors de contrôle. L'une de ces " "techniques consiste à utiliser la limite de ressources B pour " "définir la limite du temps CPU qu'un processus temps réel a le droit de " "consommer. Consultez B(2) pour plus de détails." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Since version 2.6.25, Linux also provides two I files that can be " #| "used to reserve a certain amount of CPU time to be used by non-real-time " #| "processes. Reserving CPU time in this fashion allows some CPU time to be " #| "allocated to (say) a root shell that can be used to kill a runaway " #| "process. Both of these files specify time values in microseconds:" msgid "" "Since Linux 2.6.25, Linux also provides two I files that can be used " "to reserve a certain amount of CPU time to be used by non-real-time " "processes. Reserving CPU time in this fashion allows some CPU time to be " "allocated to (say) a root shell that can be used to kill a runaway process. " "Both of these files specify time values in microseconds:" msgstr "" "Depuis la version 2.6.25, Linux propose également deux fichiers I qui " "peuvent être utilisés pour réserver une certaine quantité de temps CPU aux " "processus non temps réel. La réservation de temps CPU par ce moyen permet " "d'allouer du temps CPU, par exemple, à un shell administrateur pour qu'il " "puisse exécuter une commande kill sur un processus hors de contrôle. Ces " "deux fichiers définissent des valeurs exprimées en microseconde :" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "I" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This file specifies a scheduling period that is equivalent to 100% CPU " "bandwidth. The value in this file can range from 1 to B, giving an " "operating range of 1 microsecond to around 35 minutes. The default value in " "this file is 1,000,000 (1 second)." msgstr "" "Ce fichier définit une période d'ordonnancement correspondant à 100 % de la " "bande passante du CPU. La valeur contenue dans ce fichier peut aller de 1 à " "B, soit une durée allant de 1 microseconde à environ 35 minutes. La " "valeur par défaut contenue dans ce fichier est 1 000 000 (1 seconde)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "I" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "The value in this file specifies how much of the \"period\" time can be " #| "used by all real-time and deadline scheduled processes on the system. " #| "The value in this file can range from -1 to B-1. Specifying -1 " #| "makes the run time the same as the period; that is, no CPU time is set " #| "aside for non-real-time processes (which was the Linux behavior before " #| "kernel 2.6.25). The default value in this file is 950,000 (0.95 " #| "seconds), meaning that 5% of the CPU time is reserved for processes that " #| "don't run under a real-time or deadline scheduling policy." msgid "" "The value in this file specifies how much of the \"period\" time can be used " "by all real-time and deadline scheduled processes on the system. The value " "in this file can range from -1 to B-1. Specifying -1 makes the run " "time the same as the period; that is, no CPU time is set aside for non-real-" "time processes (which was the behavior before Linux 2.6.25). The default " "value in this file is 950,000 (0.95 seconds), meaning that 5% of the CPU " "time is reserved for processes that don't run under a real-time or deadline " "scheduling policy." msgstr "" "La valeur contenue dans ce fichier définit quelle part d'une « période » " "peut être utilisée par des processus temps réel et à échéances. La valeur " "contenue dans ce fichier peut aller de −1 à B −1. −1 fixe un temps " "d'exécution égal à la période, c'est à dire qu'aucun temps CPU n'est réservé " "pour les processus non temps réel (ce qui correspond au comportement de " "Linux avant la version 2.6.25 du noyau). La valeur par défaut contenue dans " "ce fichier est 950 000 (0,95 seconde), ce qui signifie que 5 % du temps CPU " "est réservé aux processus qui ne s'exécutent pas selon une politique " "d'ordonnancement temps réel ou à échéances." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Response time" msgstr "Temps de réponse" #. as described in #. .BR request_irq (9). #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A blocked high priority thread waiting for I/O has a certain response time " "before it is scheduled again. The device driver writer can greatly reduce " "this response time by using a \"slow interrupt\" interrupt handler." msgstr "" "Un thread de haute priorité bloqué en attente d'entrées-sorties est affecté " "d'un certain temps de réponse avant d'être sélectionné à nouveau. Le " "concepteur d'un gestionnaire de périphérique peut réduire grandement ce " "temps de réponse en utilisant un gestionnaire d'interruptions « lentes »." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Miscellaneous" msgstr "Divers" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Child processes inherit the scheduling policy and parameters across a " "B(2). The scheduling policy and parameters are preserved across " "B(2)." msgstr "" "Les processus enfant héritent de la politique d'ordonnancement et des " "paramètres associés lors d'un B(2). La politique et les paramètres " "d'ordonnancement sont conservés au travers d'un B(2)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Memory locking is usually needed for real-time processes to avoid paging " "delays; this can be done with B(2) or B(2)." msgstr "" "Le verrouillage de pages en mémoire est généralement nécessaire pour les " "processus temps réel afin d'éviter les délais de pagination ; cela peut être " "effectué avec B(2) ou B(2)." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "The autogroup feature" msgstr "Fonctionnalité d’autogroupage" #. commit 5091faa449ee0b7d73bc296a93bca9540fc51d0a #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Since Linux 2.6.38, the kernel provides a feature known as autogrouping to " "improve interactive desktop performance in the face of multiprocess, CPU-" "intensive workloads such as building the Linux kernel with large numbers of " "parallel build processes (i.e., the B(1) B<-j> flag)." msgstr "" "Depuis Linux 2.6.38, le noyau fournit une fonctionnalité connue comme " "l’autogroupage pour améliorer les performances des bureaux interactifs " "confrontés à des charges de travail multiprocessus utilisant énormément le " "CPU telles que la construction du noyau Linux avec un grand nombre de " "processus de construction en parallèle (c’est-à-dire l’indicateur B<-j> de " "B(1))." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This feature operates in conjunction with the CFS scheduler and requires a " "kernel that is configured with B. On a running " "system, this feature is enabled or disabled via the file I; a value of 0 disables the feature, while a value " "of 1 enables it. The default value in this file is 1, unless the kernel was " "booted with the I parameter." msgstr "" "Cette fonction opère en conjonction avec l’ordonnancement CFS et nécessite " "un noyau configuré avec B. Sur un système en cours " "d’exécution, cette fonctionnalité est activée ou désactivée à l’aide du " "fichier I. Une valeur 0 désactive " "cette fonctionnalité tandis qu’une valeur 1 l’active. La valeur par défaut " "dans ce fichier est 1 à moins que le noyau ait été amorcé avec le paramètre " "I." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A new autogroup is created when a new session is created via B(2); " "this happens, for example, when a new terminal window is started. A new " "process created by B(2) inherits its parent's autogroup membership. " "Thus, all of the processes in a session are members of the same autogroup. " "An autogroup is automatically destroyed when the last process in the group " "terminates." msgstr "" "Un nouvel autogroupe est créé quand une nouvelle session est créée à l’aide " "de B(2). Cela se produit, par exemple, quand une nouvelle fenêtre de " "terminal est démarrée. Un nouveau processus créé par B(2) hérite de " "l’appartenance d’autogroupe de son parent. Par conséquent, tous les " "processus dans une session sont membres du même autogroupe. Un autogroupe " "est automatiquement détruit quand le dernier processus du groupe se termine." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "When autogrouping is enabled, all of the members of an autogroup are placed " "in the same kernel scheduler \"task group\". The CFS scheduler employs an " "algorithm that equalizes the distribution of CPU cycles across task groups. " "The benefits of this for interactive desktop performance can be described " "via the following example." msgstr "" "Lorsque l’autogroupage est activé, tous les membres d’un autogroupe sont " "placés dans le même ordonnanceur « groupe de tâches » du noyau. " "L’ordonnanceur CFS emploie un algorithme qui égalise la distribution des " "cycles du CPU entre les groupes de tâches. Le bénéfice qui en découle pour " "la performance de bureau interactif peut être décrit à l’aide de l’exemple " "qui suit." #. Mike Galbraith, 25 Nov 2016: #. I'd say something more wishy-washy here, like cycles are #. distributed fairly across groups and leave it at that, as your #. detailed example is incorrect due to SMP fairness (which I don't #. like much because [very unlikely] worst case scenario #. renders a box sized group incapable of utilizing more that #. a single CPU total). For example, if a group of NR_CPUS #. size competes with a singleton, load balancing will try to give #. the singleton a full CPU of its very own. If groups intersect for #. whatever reason on say my quad lappy, distribution is 80/20 in #. favor of the singleton. #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Suppose that there are two autogroups competing for the same CPU (i.e., " #| "presume either a single CPU system or the use of B(1) to " #| "confine all the processes to the same CPU on an SMP system). The first " #| "group contains ten CPU-bound processes from a kernel build started with " #| "I. The other contains a single CPU-bound process: a video " #| "player. The effect of autogrouping is that the two groups will each " #| "receive half of the CPU cycles. That is, the video player will receive " #| "50% of the CPU cycles, rather than just 9% of the cycles, which would " #| "likely lead to degraded video playback. The situation on an SMP system " #| "is more complex, but the general effect is the same: the scheduler " #| "distributes CPU cycles across task groups such that an autogroup that " #| "contains a large number of CPU-bound processes does not end up hogging " #| "CPU cycles at the expense of the other jobs on the system." msgid "" "Suppose that there are two autogroups competing for the same CPU (i.e., " "presume either a single CPU system or the use of B(1) to confine " "all the processes to the same CPU on an SMP system). The first group " "contains ten CPU-bound processes from a kernel build started with I. The other contains a single CPU-bound process: a video player. The " "effect of autogrouping is that the two groups will each receive half of the " "CPU cycles. That is, the video player will receive 50% of the CPU cycles, " "rather than just 9% of the cycles, which would likely lead to degraded video " "playback. The situation on an SMP system is more complex, but the general " "effect is the same: the scheduler distributes CPU cycles across task groups " "such that an autogroup that contains a large number of CPU-bound processes " "does not end up hogging CPU cycles at the expense of the other jobs on the " "system." msgstr "" "Supposons qu’il existe deux autogroupes en compétition pour le même CPU " "(c’est-à-dire soit un système avec un seul CPU, soit l’utilisation de " "B(1) pour confiner tous les processus sur le même CPU sur un " "système SMP). Le premier groupe contient dix processus liés à un CPU d’une " "construction de noyau démarrée avec I. L’autre groupe contient " "un seul processus lié à un CPU : un lecteur vidéo. Le résultat de " "l’autogroupage est que les deux groupes recevront chacun la moitié des " "cycles CPU. C’est-à-dire que le lecteur vidéo recevra 50 % des cycles CPU, " "plutôt que seulement 9 % des cycles, ce qui conduirait probablement à une " "lecture vidéo dégradée. La situation sur le système SMP est plus complexe, " "mais l’effet général est le même : l’ordonnanceur répartit les cycles CPU " "dans les groupes de tâches de telle façon qu’un autogroupe contenant un " "grand nombre de processus liés à un CPU n’aboutisse pas à un accaparement " "des cycles CPU au détriment des autres travaux dans le système." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "A process's autogroup (task group) membership can be viewed via the file " #| "I:" msgid "" "A process's autogroup (task group) membership can be viewed via the file IpidI:" msgstr "" "L’appartenance à un autogroupe de processus (groupe de tâches) peut être vue " "dans le fichier I:" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ B\n" "/autogroup-1 nice 0\n" msgstr "" "$ B\n" "/autogroup-1 nice 0\n" # #. FIXME . #. Because of a bug introduced in Linux 4.7 #. (commit 2159197d66770ec01f75c93fb11dc66df81fd45b made changes #. that exposed the fact that autogroup didn't call scale_load()), #. it happened that *all* values in this range caused a task group #. to be further disfavored by the scheduler, with \-20 resulting #. in the scheduler mildly disfavoring the task group and +19 greatly #. disfavoring it. #. A patch was posted on 23 Nov 2016 #. ("sched/autogroup: Fix 64bit kernel nice adjustment"; #. check later to see in which kernel version it lands. #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This file can also be used to modify the CPU bandwidth allocated to an " "autogroup. This is done by writing a number in the \"nice\" range to the " "file to set the autogroup's nice value. The allowed range is from +19 (low " "priority) to -20 (high priority). (Writing values outside of this range " "causes B(2) to fail with the error B.)" msgstr "" "Ce fichier peut aussi être utilisé pour modifier la bande passante de CPU " "allouée à un autogroupe. Cela peut être réalisé en écrivant un nombre dans " "le champ « nice » du fichier pour définir la valeur de politesse de " "l’autogroupe. L’intervalle autorisé va de +19 (priorité basse) à -20 " "(priorité haute). L’écriture d’une valeur en dehors de cet intervalle " "provoquera l’échec de B(2) avec l’erreur B." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The autogroup nice setting has the same meaning as the process nice value, " "but applies to distribution of CPU cycles to the autogroup as a whole, based " "on the relative nice values of other autogroups. For a process inside an " "autogroup, the CPU cycles that it receives will be a product of the " "autogroup's nice value (compared to other autogroups) and the process's " "nice value (compared to other processes in the same autogroup." msgstr "" "Le réglage de la politesse de l’autogroupe a la même acception que la valeur " "de politesse du processus, mais s’applique à la répartition des cycles CPU à " "un autogroupe dans son ensemble, basée sur les valeurs relatives de " "politesse des autres autogroupes. Pour un processus dans un autogroupe, les " "cycles CPU qu’il reçoit sont déduits de la valeur de politesse de " "l’autogroupe (comparée aux autres autogroupes) et de la valeur de politesse " "du processus (comparée aux autres processus dans le même autogroupe)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The use of the B(7) CPU controller to place processes in cgroups " "other than the root CPU cgroup overrides the effect of autogrouping." msgstr "" "L’utilisation du contrôleur de CPU B(7) pour placer les processus " "dans des cgroups autres que le cgroup racine du CPU contourne l’effet de " "l’autogroupage." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The autogroup feature groups only processes scheduled under non-real-time " "policies (B, B, and B). It does not " "group processes scheduled under real-time and deadline policies. Those " "processes are scheduled according to the rules described earlier." msgstr "" "La fonctionnalité d’autogroupage groupe seulement les processus ordonnancés " "selon des politiques non temps réel (B, B et " "B). Elle ne groupe pas les processus ordonnancés selon les " "politiques temps réel et à échéances. Ceux-ci sont ordonnancés selon les " "règles décrites ci-dessus." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "The nice value and group scheduling" msgstr "Valeur de politesse et ordonnancement de groupe" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "When scheduling non-real-time processes (i.e., those scheduled under the " "B, B, and B policies), the CFS " "scheduler employs a technique known as \"group scheduling\", if the kernel " "was configured with the B option (which is typical)." msgstr "" "Lors de l’ordonnancement de processus non temps réel (c’est-à-dire ceux " "ordonnancés selon les politiques B, B et " "B), L’ordonnanceur CFS emploie une technique connue comme " "« ordonnancement de groupe » (group scheduling) si le noyau a été configuré " "avec l’option B (ce qui est typique)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Under group scheduling, threads are scheduled in \"task groups\". Task " "groups have a hierarchical relationship, rooted under the initial task group " "on the system, known as the \"root task group\". Task groups are formed in " "the following circumstances:" msgstr "" "Avec l’ordonnancement de groupe, les threads sont ordonnancés dans des " "« groupes de tâches ». Celles-ci ont une relation hiérarchique, avec comme " "racine le groupe de tâches initial du système connu comme « groupe de tâches " "racine » (root task group). Les groupes de tâches sont constitués dans les " "circonstances suivantes :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "All of the threads in a CPU cgroup form a task group. The parent of this " "task group is the task group of the corresponding parent cgroup." msgstr "" "Tous les threads dans un cgroup du CPU forment un groupe de tâches. Le " "parent de ce groupe de tâches est le groupe de tâches du cgroup parent " "correspondant." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If autogrouping is enabled, then all of the threads that are (implicitly) " "placed in an autogroup (i.e., the same session, as created by B(2)) " "form a task group. Each new autogroup is thus a separate task group. The " "root task group is the parent of all such autogroups." msgstr "" "Si l’autogroupage est activé, alors tous les threads qui sont " "(implicitement) placés dans un autogroupe (c’est-à-dire la même session, " "telle que créée par B(2)) forment un groupe de tâches. Chaque nouvel " "autogroupe est par conséquent un groupe de tâches distinct. Le groupe de " "tâches racine est le parent de tous les autogroupes de ce type." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If autogrouping is enabled, then the root task group consists of all " "processes in the root CPU cgroup that were not otherwise implicitly placed " "into a new autogroup." msgstr "" "Si l’autogroupage est activé, alors le groupe de tâches racine se compose de " "tous les processus dans le cgroup racine du CPU qui n’étaient pas par " "ailleurs placés implicitement dans un nouvel autogroupe." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If autogrouping is disabled, then the root task group consists of all " "processes in the root CPU cgroup." msgstr "" "Si l’autogroupage est désactivé, alors le groupe de tâches racine est " "constitué de tous les processus dans le cgroup racine du CPU." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If group scheduling was disabled (i.e., the kernel was configured without " "B), then all of the processes on the system are " "notionally placed in a single task group." msgstr "" "Si l’ordonnancement de groupe a été désactivé (c’est-à-dire que le noyau a " "été configuré sans B), alors tous les processus du " "système sont en théorie placés dans un groupe de tâches unique." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Under group scheduling, a thread's nice value has an effect for scheduling " "decisions I. This " "has some surprising consequences in terms of the traditional semantics of " "the nice value on UNIX systems. In particular, if autogrouping is enabled " "(which is the default in various distributions), then employing " "B(2) or B(1) on a process has an effect only for " "scheduling relative to other processes executed in the same session " "(typically: the same terminal window)." msgstr "" "Avec l’ordonnancement de groupe, une valeur de politesse de thread a un " "effet sur les décisions d’ordonnancement I. Cela a quelques conséquences " "surprenantes en terme de sémantique traditionnelle de la valeur de politesse " "sur les systèmes UNIX. En particulier, si l’autogroupage est activé (par " "défaut dans diverses distributions), alors l’emploi de B(2) ou " "B(1) sur un processus a un effet seulement sur l’ordonnancement " "concernant les autres processus exécutés dans la même session " "(classiquement : la même fenêtre de terminal)." #. More succinctly: the nice(1) command is in many cases a no-op since #. Linux 2.6.38. #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Conversely, for two processes that are (for example) the sole CPU-bound " "processes in different sessions (e.g., different terminal windows, each of " "whose jobs are tied to different autogroups), I I in terms of the " "scheduler's decisions relative to the process in the other session. A " "possibly useful workaround here is to use a command such as the following to " "modify the autogroup nice value for I of the processes in a terminal " "session:" msgstr "" "Inversement, pour deux processus qui sont (par exemple) les seuls processus " "liés à un CPU dans différentes sessions (par exemple, des fenêtres " "distinctes de terminal, chacune des tâches étant liée à un autogroupe " "distinct), I I en terme de décision d’ordonnancement relative " "au processus dans l’autre session. Un contournement utile possible consiste " "à utiliser une commande telle que la suivante pour modifier la valeur de " "politesse de l’autogroupe pour I les processus dans une session de " "terminal :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "$ B /proc/self/autogroup>\n" msgstr "$ B /proc/self/autogroup>\n" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Real-time features in the mainline Linux kernel" msgstr "Fonctionnalités temps réel dans le noyau Linux principal" #. FIXME . Probably this text will need some minor tweaking #. ask Carsten Emde about this. #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Since kernel version 2.6.18, Linux is gradually becoming equipped with " #| "real-time capabilities, most of which are derived from the former " #| "I patch set. Until the patches have been completely " #| "merged into the mainline kernel, they must be installed to achieve the " #| "best real-time performance. These patches are named:" msgid "" "Since Linux 2.6.18, Linux is gradually becoming equipped with real-time " "capabilities, most of which are derived from the former I " "patch set. Until the patches have been completely merged into the mainline " "kernel, they must be installed to achieve the best real-time performance. " "These patches are named:" msgstr "" "Depuis le noyau 2.6.18, Linux a été graduellement pourvu de capacités temps " "réel, la plupart étant dérivées de l’ancien ensemble de greffons I. Jusqu'à ce que ces greffons aient été entièrement fusionnés dans " "le noyau principal, ils devront être installés pour atteindre les meilleures " "performances temps réel. Ces greffons s'appellent :" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "patch-I-rtI\n" msgstr "patch-I-rtI\n" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "and can be downloaded from E<.UR http://www.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/" "kernel\\:/projects\\:/rt/> E<.UE .>" msgstr "" "et peuvent être téléchargés à partir de E<.UR http://www.kernel.org\\:/" "pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/projects\\:/rt/> E<.UE .>" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Without the patches and prior to their full inclusion into the mainline " "kernel, the kernel configuration offers only the three preemption classes " "B, B, and " "B which respectively provide no, some, and " "considerable reduction of the worst-case scheduling latency." msgstr "" "Sans les greffons et avant leur complète inclusion dans le noyau principal, " "la configuration du noyau n'offre que trois classes de préemption " "B, B et " "B qui fournissent respectivement « aucune », " "« quelque » et une « considérable » réduction de la pire latence " "d'ordonnancement." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "With the patches applied or after their full inclusion into the mainline " "kernel, the additional configuration item B becomes " "available. If this is selected, Linux is transformed into a regular real-" "time operating system. The FIFO and RR scheduling policies are then used to " "run a thread with true real-time priority and a minimum worst-case " "scheduling latency." msgstr "" "Avec les greffons appliqués ou après leur pleine inclusion dans le noyau " "principal, la configuration supplémentaire B devient " "disponible. Si elle est choisie, Linux est transformé en un système " "d'exploitation temps réel ordinaire. Les politiques d'ordonnancement FIFO et " "RR sont alors utilisées pour lancer un thread avec une vraie priorité temps " "réel et une latence minimale d'ordonnancement de pire cas." #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "NOTES" msgstr "NOTES" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The B(7) CPU controller can be used to limit the CPU consumption " "of groups of processes." msgstr "" "Le contrôleur B(7) de CPU peut être utilisé pour limiter la " "consommation de CPU par les groupes de processus." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Originally, Standard Linux was intended as a general-purpose operating " #| "system being able to handle background processes, interactive " #| "applications, and less demanding real-time applications (applications " #| "that need to usually meet timing deadlines). Although the Linux kernel " #| "2.6 allowed for kernel preemption and the newly introduced O(1) scheduler " #| "ensures that the time needed to schedule is fixed and deterministic " #| "irrespective of the number of active tasks, true real-time computing was " #| "not possible up to kernel version 2.6.17." msgid "" "Originally, Standard Linux was intended as a general-purpose operating " "system being able to handle background processes, interactive applications, " "and less demanding real-time applications (applications that need to usually " "meet timing deadlines). Although the Linux 2.6 allowed for kernel " "preemption and the newly introduced O(1) scheduler ensures that the time " "needed to schedule is fixed and deterministic irrespective of the number of " "active tasks, true real-time computing was not possible up to Linux 2.6.17." msgstr "" "À l'origine, le noyau Linux standard visait un système d'exploitation à " "vocation généraliste, devant gérer des processus en arrière-plan, des " "applications interactives et des applications en temps réel souples (qui ont " "besoin en général de répondre à des critères de temps maximal). Bien que le " "noyau Linux 2.6 ait permis la préemption par le noyau et que l'ordonnanceur " "O(1), nouvellement introduit, assure que le temps nécessaire pour planifier " "soit fixé et déterministe quel que soit le nombre de tâches, une vraie " "gestion temps réel n'était pas possible avant le noyau 2.6.17." #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "SEE ALSO" msgstr "VOIR AUSSI" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "B(1), B(1), B(1), B(1), B(1), B(1), " "B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2), B(3), " "B(3), B(3), " "B(3), B(7), B(7)" msgstr "" "B(1), B(1), B(1), B(1), B(1), B(1), " "B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2), B(3), " "B(3), B(3), " "B(3), B(7), B(7)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "I by Bill O.\\& Gallmeister, " "O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., ISBN 1-56592-074-0." msgstr "" "I de Bill O.\\& Gallmeister, " "O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., ISBN 1-56592-074-0." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "The Linux kernel source files I, I, I, and I" msgid "" "The Linux kernel source files I<\\%Documentation/\\:scheduler/\\:sched-" "deadline\\:.txt>, I<\\%Documentation/\\:scheduler/\\:sched-rt-group\\:.txt>, " "I<\\%Documentation/\\:scheduler/\\:sched-design-CFS\\:.txt>, and I<\\" "%Documentation/\\:scheduler/\\:sched-nice-design\\:.txt>" msgstr "" "Les fichiers source du noyau Linux I, I, I et I" #. type: TH #: debian-bookworm debian-unstable opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "2023-02-10" msgstr "10 février 2023" #. type: TH #: debian-bookworm #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03" msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.03" #. type: TH #: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.05.01" msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.05.01" #. type: TH #: opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04" msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.04"