# Russian translation of manpages # This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package. # Copyright © of this file: # Azamat Hackimov , 2014. # Dmitriy S. Seregin , 2013. # Dmitry Bolkhovskikh , 2017. # Katrin Kutepova , 2018. # Yuri Kozlov , 2011-2019. # Иван Павлов , 2017. msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: manpages-l10n\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-06-01 05:44+0200\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2019-10-05 07:56+0300\n" "Last-Translator: Yuri Kozlov \n" "Language-Team: Russian \n" "Language: ru\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=4; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n" "%10<=4 && (n%100<12 || n%100>14) ? 1 : n%10==0 || (n%10>=5 && n%10<=9) || (n" "%100>=11 && n%100<=14)? 2 : 3);\n" "X-Generator: Lokalize 2.0\n" #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "charsets" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "2024-05-02" msgstr "2 мая 2024 г." #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-unstable #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7" msgid "Linux man-pages 6.8" msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.7" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "NAME" msgstr "ИМЯ" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "charsets - character set standards and internationalization" msgstr "charsets - стандарты наборов символов и интернационализация" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "DESCRIPTION" msgstr "ОПИСАНИЕ" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This manual page gives an overview on different character set standards and " "how they were used on Linux before Unicode became ubiquitous. Some of this " "information is still helpful for people working with legacy systems and " "documents." msgstr "" "В этой справочной странице представлен обзор различных стандартов наборов " "символов и их использование в Linux до повсеместного распространения " "Юникода. Часть данной информации будет полезна людям, работающим в старых " "системах или со старыми документами." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Standards discussed include such as ASCII, GB 2312, ISO 8859, JIS, KOI8-" #| "R, KS, and Unicode." msgid "" "Standards discussed include such as ASCII, GB 2312, ISO/IEC\\ 8859, JIS, " "KOI8-R, KS, and Unicode." msgstr "" "Обсуждаемые стандарты: ASCII, GB 2312, ISO 8859, JIS, KOI8-R, KS и Юникод." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The primary emphasis is on character sets that were actually used by locale " "character sets, not the myriad others that could be found in data from other " "systems." msgstr "" "В основном, описываются наборы символов, реально используемые в локалях, и " "опускается всё огромное количество наборов, существующих в других системах." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "ASCII" msgstr "ASCII" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "ASCII (American Standard Code For Information Interchange) is the " #| "original 7-bit character set, originally designed for American English. " #| "Also known as US-ASCII. It is currently described by the ISO 646:1991 " #| "IRV (International Reference Version) standard." msgid "" "ASCII (American Standard Code For Information Interchange) is the original 7-" "bit character set, originally designed for American English. Also known as " "US-ASCII. It is currently described by the ISO/IEC\\ 646:1991 IRV " "(International Reference Version) standard." msgstr "" "ASCII (American Standard Code For Information Interchange; американский " "стандартный код для обмена информацией) — первоначальный 7-битный набор " "символов, разработанный для американского варианта английского языка. Также " "известен как US-ASCII. В настоящее время описан в стандарте ISO 646:1991 IRV " "(International Reference Version)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Various ASCII variants replacing the dollar sign with other currency symbols " "and replacing punctuation with non-English alphabetic characters to cover " "German, French, Spanish, and others in 7 bits emerged. All are deprecated; " "glibc does not support locales whose character sets are not true supersets " "of ASCII." msgstr "" "Существуют различные варианты (из 7 бит) ASCII, в которых американский " "символ доллара и знаки пунктуации заменяются на знаки валют различных стран " "(Германия, Франция, Испания и другие). Все эти наборы устарели; в glibc не " "поддерживаются локали, которые в действительности не содержат набор ASCII." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "As Unicode, when using UTF-8, is ASCII-compatible, plain ASCII text still " "renders properly on modern UTF-8 using systems." msgstr "" "Юникод, при использовании UTF-8, является совместимым с ASCII; простой " "(plain) текст ASCII по-прежнему отображается корректно в современных " "системах, использующих UTF-8." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "ISO 8859" msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859" msgstr "ISO 8859" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "ISO 8859 is a series of 15 8-bit character sets, all of which have ASCII " #| "in their low (7-bit) half, invisible control characters in positions 128 " #| "to 159, and 96 fixed-width graphics in positions 160\\(en255." msgid "" "ISO/IEC\\ 8859 is a series of 15 8-bit character sets, all of which have " "ASCII in their low (7-bit) half, invisible control characters in positions " "128 to 159, and 96 fixed-width graphics in positions 160\\[en]255." msgstr "" "ISO 8859 — это серия из 15-и 8-битных наборов символов, каждый из которых " "имеет в своей нижней (7-битной) половине коды ASCII, невидимые управляющие " "символы в позициях от 128 до 159 и 96 графических символов фиксированной " "ширины в позициях 160\\(en255." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Of these, the most important is ISO 8859-1 (\"Latin Alphabet No .1\" / " #| "Latin-1). It was widely adopted and supported by different systems, and " #| "is gradually being replaced with Unicode. The ISO 8859-1 characters are " #| "also the first 256 characters of Unicode." msgid "" "Of these, the most important is ISO/IEC\\ 8859-1 (\"Latin Alphabet No. 1\" / " "Latin-1). It was widely adopted and supported by different systems, and is " "gradually being replaced with Unicode. The ISO/IEC\\ 8859-1 characters are " "also the first 256 characters of Unicode." msgstr "" "Из них самой важной является последовательность ISO 8859-1 («Latin Alphabet " "No .1» / Latin-1). Она широко распространена, поддерживается различными " "системами и постепенно заменяется Юникодом. Символы ISO 8859-1 также " "являются первыми 256 символами Юникода." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Console support for the other 8859 character sets is available under " #| "Linux through user-mode utilities (such as B(8)) that modify " #| "keyboard bindings and the EGA graphics table and employ the \"user mapping" #| "\" font table in the console driver." msgid "" "Console support for the other ISO/IEC\\ 8859 character sets is available " "under Linux through user-mode utilities (such as B(8)) that modify " "keyboard bindings and the EGA graphics table and employ the \"user mapping\" " "font table in the console driver." msgstr "" "Поддержка в консоли других наборов символов 8859 осуществляется в Linux с " "помощью пользовательских утилит (таких, как B(8)), меняющих " "привязки клавиатуры, таблицу графики EGA и передающих драйверу консоли " "таблицу соответствий символов шрифтам." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "Here are brief descriptions of each set:" msgid "Here are brief descriptions of each character set:" msgstr "Ниже приводится краткое описание каждого набора:" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "8859-1 (Latin-1)" msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-1 (Latin-1)" msgstr "8859-1 (Latin-1)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Latin-1 covers many West European languages such as Albanian, Basque, " #| "Danish, English, Faroese, Galician, Icelandic, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, " #| "Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish. The lack of the ligatures Dutch IJ/ij, " #| "French œ, and old-style „German“ quotation marks was considered tolerable." msgid "" "Latin-1 covers many European languages such as Albanian, Basque, Danish, " "English, Faroese, Galician, Icelandic, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, " "Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish. The lack of the ligatures Dutch IJ/ij, " "French œ, and „German“ quotation marks was considered tolerable." msgstr "" "Latin-1 охватывается большинство западноевропейских языков, таких, как: " "албанский, баскский, датский, английский, фарезский, галисийский, " "исландский, ирландский, итальянский, норвежский, португальский, испанский и " "шведский. Отсутствие лигатуры IJ/ij голландского языка, œ французского языка и " "старых „немецких“ кавычек считается приемлемым." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "8859-2 (Latin-2)" msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-2 (Latin-2)" msgstr "8859-2 (Latin-2)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Latin-2 supports many Latin-written Central and East European languages such " "as Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, German, Hungarian, Polish, Slovak, and " "Slovene. Replacing Romanian ș/ț with ş/ţ was considered tolerable." msgstr "" "Latin-2 охватывает множество славянских и центрально и восточно-европейских " "языков: боснийский, хорватский, чешский, немецкий, венгерский, польский, " "словацкий и словенский. Замена румынского ș/ț на ş/ţ считается приемлемым." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "8859-3 (Latin-3)" msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-3 (Latin-3)" msgstr "8859-3 (Latin-3)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Latin-3 was designed to cover of Esperanto, Maltese, and Turkish, but " #| "8859-9 later superseded it for Turkish." msgid "" "Latin-3 was designed to cover of Esperanto, Maltese, and Turkish, but ISO/IEC" "\\ 8859-9 later superseded it for Turkish." msgstr "" "Latin-3 охватывает эсперанто, мальтийский и турецкий языки (но турецкий " "сейчас охватывается 8859-9)." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "8859-4 (Latin-4)" msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-4 (Latin-4)" msgstr "8859-4 (Latin-4)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Latin-4 introduced letters for North European languages such as Estonian, " #| "Latvian, and Lithuanian, but was superseded by 8859-10 and 8859-13." msgid "" "Latin-4 introduced letters for North European languages such as Estonian, " "Latvian, and Lithuanian, but was superseded by ISO/IEC\\ 8859-10 and ISO/IEC" "\\ 8859-13." msgstr "" "Latin-4 охватывает северо-европейские языки: эстонский, латвийский и " "литовский языки. Но сейчас они охватываются 8859-10 и 8859-13." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "ISO/IEC\\~8859-5" msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-5" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\~8859-5" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Cyrillic letters supporting Bulgarian, Byelorussian, Macedonian, Russian, " "Serbian, and (almost completely) Ukrainian. It was never widely used, see " "the discussion of KOI8-R/KOI8-U below." msgstr "" "Кириллические символы болгарского, белорусского, македонского, русского, " "сербского и (почти полностью) украинского языков. Никогда широко не " "использовался, смотрите ниже описание KOI8-R/KOI8-U." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "ISO/IEC\\~8859-6" msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-6" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\~8859-6" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Was created for Arabic. The 8859-6 glyph table is a fixed font of " #| "separate letter forms, but a proper display engine should combine these " #| "using the proper initial, medial, and final forms." msgid "" "Was created for Arabic. The ISO/IEC\\ 8859-6 glyph table is a fixed font of " "separate letter forms, but a proper display engine should combine these " "using the proper initial, medial, and final forms." msgstr "" "Был создан для арабского языка. Таблица начертаний (глифов) 8859-6 — это " "шрифт отдельных форм букв постоянной ширины; корректная программа " "отображения должна объединить их, используя корректные начальные, " "промежуточные и конечные формы." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "ISO/IEC\\~8859-7" msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-7" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\~8859-7" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Was created for Modern Greek in 1987, updated in 2003." msgstr "" "Был создан для современного греческого языка в 1987 году, обновлён в 2003 " "году." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "ISO/IEC\\~8859-8" msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-8" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\~8859-8" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Supports Modern Hebrew without niqud (punctuation signs). Niqud and full-" "fledged Biblical Hebrew were outside the scope of this character set." msgstr "" "Поддерживает современный иврит без niqud (знаки пунктуации). Niqud и полный " "библейский иврит не входят в этот набор." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "8859-9 (Latin-5)" msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-9 (Latin-5)" msgstr "8859-9 (Latin-5)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This is a variant of Latin-1 that replaces Icelandic letters with Turkish " "ones." msgstr "Это вариант Latin-1, в котором исландские буквы заменены турецкими." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "8859-10 (Latin-6)" msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-10 (Latin-6)" msgstr "8859-10 (Latin-6)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Latin-6 added the Inuit (Greenlandic) and Sami (Lappish) letters that were " "missing in Latin-4 to cover the entire Nordic area." msgstr "" "Latin-6 добавляет последние инуитские (гренландские) буквы и буквы сами " "(Sami Lappish), отсутствующие в Latin-4, для того, чтобы объединить шрифты " "всех нордических языков." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "ISO/IEC\\~8859-11" msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-11" msgstr "ISO/IEC\\~8859-11" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Supports the Thai alphabet and is nearly identical to the TIS-620 standard." msgstr "Поддерживает тайский алфавит и очень похож на стандарт TIS-620." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "ISO 8859-1" msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-12" msgstr "ISO 8859-1" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "This set does not exist." msgid "This character set does not exist." msgstr "Этот набор не существует." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "8859-13 (Latin-7)" msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-13 (Latin-7)" msgstr "8859-13 (Latin-7)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Supports the Baltic Rim languages; in particular, it includes Latvian " "characters not found in Latin-4." msgstr "" "Поддерживает балтийские языки, в частности, латвийские символы не вошедшие в " "Latin-4." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "8859-14 (Latin-8)" msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-14 (Latin-8)" msgstr "8859-14 (Latin-8)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This is the Celtic character set, covering Old Irish, Manx, Gaelic, Welsh, " "Cornish, and Breton." msgstr "" "Это кельтский набор символов для старого ирландского, мэнского, гаэлльского, " "уэльского, корнуэльского и бретонского языков." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "8859-15 (Latin-9)" msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-15 (Latin-9)" msgstr "8859-15 (Latin-9)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Latin-9 is similar to the widely used Latin-1 but replaces some less common " "symbols with the Euro sign and French and Finnish letters that were missing " "in Latin-1." msgstr "" "Latin-9 похож на широко используемый Latin-1, но в нём заменены некоторые " "мало используемые символы на знак евро, а также французские и финские " "лигатуры, отсутствующие в Latin-1." #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "8859-16 (Latin-10)" msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-16 (Latin-10)" msgstr "8859-16 (Latin-10)" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "This set covers many Southeast European languages, and most importantly " #| "supports Romanian more completely than Latin-2." msgid "" "This character set covers many Southeast European languages, and most " "importantly supports Romanian more completely than Latin-2." msgstr "" "Этот набор включает в себя многие южно-европейские языки, и самое главное, " "румынский язык поддерживается более полно чем в Latin-2." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "KOI8-R / KOI8-U" msgstr "KOI8-R / KOI8-U" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "KOI8-R is a non-ISO character set popular in Russia before Unicode. The " #| "lower half is ASCII; the upper is a Cyrillic character set somewhat " #| "better designed than ISO 8859-5. KOI8-U, based on KOI8-R, has better " #| "support for Ukrainian. Neither of these sets are ISO-2022 compatible, " #| "unlike the ISO 8859 series." msgid "" "KOI8-R is a non-ISO character set popular in Russia before Unicode. The " "lower half is ASCII; the upper is a Cyrillic character set somewhat better " "designed than ISO/IEC\\ 8859-5. KOI8-U, based on KOI8-R, has better support " "for Ukrainian. Neither of these sets are ISO/IEC\\ 2022 compatible, unlike " "the ISO/IEC\\ 8859 series." msgstr "" "KOI8-R — набор символов не ISO, являлся популярным в России до Юникода. " "Нижняя часть таблицы описывает ASCII, верхняя — набор символов кириллицы, " "более совершенный по сравнению с ISO 8859-5. KOI8-U, основанный на KOI8-R, " "имеет более полную поддержку украинского языка. Ни один из этих наборов не " "совместим с ISO-2022 (в отличии от ISO 8859)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Console support for KOI8-R is available under Linux through user-mode " "utilities that modify keyboard bindings and the EGA graphics table, and " "employ the \"user mapping\" font table in the console driver." msgstr "" "Поддержка символов KOI8-R в консоли осуществляется Linux с помощью " "пользовательских утилит, меняющих привязки клавиатуры, таблицу графики EGA и " "передающих драйверу консоли таблицу соответствий символов шрифтам." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "GB 2312" msgstr "GB 2312" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "GB 2312 is a mainland Chinese national standard character set used to " "express simplified Chinese. Just like JIS X 0208, characters are mapped " "into a 94x94 two-byte matrix used to construct EUC-CN. EUC-CN is the most " "important encoding for Linux and includes ASCII and GB 2312. Note that EUC-" "CN is often called as GB, GB 2312, or CN-GB." msgstr "" "GB 2312 это национальный китайский стандартный набор символов для " "упрощенного китайского. Как и в JIS X 0208, символы берутся из массива 94x94 " "и состоят из двух байт. Набор символов используется для кодировки EUC-CN. " "EUC-CN является наиболее важной кодировкой для Linux и включает в себя ASCII " "и GB 2312. Заметим, что EUC-CN часто называют GB, GB 2312 или CN-GB." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Big5" msgstr "Big5" #. Thanks to Tomohiro KUBOTA for the following sections about #. national standards. #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Big5 was a popular character set in Taiwan to express traditional " #| "Chinese. (Big5 is both a character set and an encoding.) It is a " #| "superset of ASCII. Non-ASCII characters are expressed in two bytes. " #| "Bytes 0xa1\\(en0xfe are used as leading bytes for two-byte characters. " #| "Big5 and its extension were widely used in Taiwan and Hong Kong. It is " #| "not ISO 2022 compliant." msgid "" "Big5 was a popular character set in Taiwan to express traditional Chinese. " "(Big5 is both a character set and an encoding.) It is a superset of ASCII. " "Non-ASCII characters are expressed in two bytes. Bytes 0xa1\\[en]0xfe are " "used as leading bytes for two-byte characters. Big5 and its extension were " "widely used in Taiwan and Hong Kong. It is not ISO/IEC\\ 2022 compliant." msgstr "" "Big5 — ранее популярный набор в Тайване для отображения традиционного " "китайского языка (Big5 является и кодировкой и набором символов). Он " "включает в себя ASCII. Символы, не входящие в ASCII, представлены двумя " "байтами. Первый байт (символ представлен двумя байтами) берётся из диапазона " "xa1\\(en0xfe. Big5 и его расширение широко используются в Тайване и " "Гонконге. Он не совместим с ISO 2022." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "JIS X 0208" msgstr "JIS X 0208" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "JIS X 0208 is a Japanese national standard character set. Though there " #| "are some more Japanese national standard character sets (like JIS X 0201, " #| "JIS X 0212, and JIS X 0213), this is the most important one. Characters " #| "are mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix, whose each byte is in the range " #| "0x21\\(en0x7e. Note that JIS X 0208 is a character set, not an " #| "encoding. This means that JIS X 0208 itself is not used for expressing " #| "text data. JIS X 0208 is used as a component to construct encodings such " #| "as EUC-JP, Shift_JIS, and ISO-2022-JP. EUC-JP is the most important " #| "encoding for Linux and includes ASCII and JIS X 0208. In EUC-JP, JIS X " #| "0208 characters are expressed in two bytes, each of which is the JIS X " #| "0208 code plus 0x80." msgid "" "JIS X 0208 is a Japanese national standard character set. Though there are " "some more Japanese national standard character sets (like JIS X 0201, JIS X " "0212, and JIS X 0213), this is the most important one. Characters are " "mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix, whose each byte is in the range " "0x21\\[en]0x7e. Note that JIS X 0208 is a character set, not an encoding. " "This means that JIS X 0208 itself is not used for expressing text data. JIS " "X 0208 is used as a component to construct encodings such as EUC-JP, " "Shift_JIS, and ISO/IEC\\ 2022-JP. EUC-JP is the most important encoding for " "Linux and includes ASCII and JIS X 0208. In EUC-JP, JIS X 0208 characters " "are expressed in two bytes, each of which is the JIS X 0208 code plus 0x80." msgstr "" "JIS X 208 является стандартным набором для японского языка. Существуют " "несколько других японских стандартов, например, JIS X 0201, JIS X 0212 и JIS " "X 0213, но первый — самый распространенный. Символы берутся из массива 94x94 " "и представлены двумя байтами, каждый из которых находится в интервале " "0x21\\(en0x7e. Заметьте, что JIS X 0208 является набором символов, а не " "кодировкой. Это означает, что JIS X 0208 не может представлять текстовую " "информацию самостоятельно, а является лишь компонентом для кодировок, таких " "как EUC-JP, Shift_JIS и ISO-2022-JP. EUC-JP — наиболее важная кодировка для " "Linux и включает в себя ASCII и JIS X 0208. В EUC-JP для символов JIS X 0208 " "отводится по 2 байта, значение каждого из которых равно коду JIS X 0208 плюс " "0x80." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "KS X 1001" msgstr "KS X 1001" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "KS X 1001 is a Korean national standard character set. Just as JIS X " #| "0208, characters are mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix. KS X 1001 is " #| "used like JIS X 0208, as a component to construct encodings such as EUC-" #| "KR, Johab, and ISO-2022-KR. EUC-KR is the most important encoding for " #| "Linux and includes ASCII and KS X 1001. KS C 5601 is an older name for " #| "KS X 1001." msgid "" "KS X 1001 is a Korean national standard character set. Just as JIS X 0208, " "characters are mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix. KS X 1001 is used like " "JIS X 0208, as a component to construct encodings such as EUC-KR, Johab, and " "ISO/IEC\\ 2022-KR. EUC-KR is the most important encoding for Linux and " "includes ASCII and KS X 1001. KS C 5601 is an older name for KS X 1001." msgstr "" "KS X 1001 это корейский национальный стандарт для наборов символов. Как и в " "JIS X 0208, символы берутся из матрицы 94x94 и состоят из двух байт. KS X " "1001, так же как и JIS X 0208, является компонентом для кодировок EUC-KR, " "Johab и ISO-2022-KR. EUC-KR является наиболее важной кодировкой для Linux и " "включает в себя ASCII и KS X 1001. KS C 5601 это старое название KS X 1001." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "ISO 2022 and ISO 4873" msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 2022 and ISO/IEC\\ 4873" msgstr "ISO 2022 и ISO 4873" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "The ISO 2022 and 4873 standards describe a font-control model based on " #| "VT100 practice. This model is (partially) supported by the Linux kernel " #| "and by B(1). Several ISO 2022-based character encodings have been " #| "defined, especially for Japanese." msgid "" "The ISO/IEC\\ 2022 and ISO/IEC\\ 4873 standards describe a font-control " "model based on VT100 practice. This model is (partially) supported by the " "Linux kernel and by B(1). Several ISO/IEC\\ 2022-based character " "encodings have been defined, especially for Japanese." msgstr "" "Стандарты ISO 2022 и 4873 описывают модель управления шрифтами, основанную " "на практике работы с VT100. Эта модель (частично) поддерживается ядром Linux " "и B(1). Были определены некоторые наборы символов на основе ISO 2022, " "особенно популярного в Японии." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "There are 4 graphic character sets, called G0, G1, G2, and G3, and one of " #| "them is the current character set for codes with high bit zero (initially " #| "G0), and one of them is the current character set for codes with high bit " #| "one (initially G1). Each graphic character set has 94 or 96 characters, " #| "and is essentially a 7-bit character set. It uses codes either " #| "040\\(en0177 (041\\(en0176) or 0240\\(en0377 (0241\\(en0376). G0 always " #| "has size 94 and uses codes 041\\(en0176." msgid "" "There are 4 graphic character sets, called G0, G1, G2, and G3, and one of " "them is the current character set for codes with high bit zero (initially " "G0), and one of them is the current character set for codes with high bit " "one (initially G1). Each graphic character set has 94 or 96 characters, and " "is essentially a 7-bit character set. It uses codes either 040\\[en]0177 " "(041\\[en]0176) or 0240\\[en]0377 (0241\\[en]0376). G0 always has size 94 " "and uses codes 041\\[en]0176." msgstr "" "Имеется 4 набора графических символов, называемых G0, G1, G2 и G3. Один из " "них является текущим набором символов для кодов со старшим битом, равным " "нулю (изначально G0), другой — текущим набором для кодов со старшим битом, " "равным единице (изначально G1). Каждый набор графических символов имеет 94 " "или 96 символов и, по сути, является 7-битным набором символов. Используются " "либо коды 040\\(en0177 (041\\(en0176), либо 0240\\(en0377 (0241\\(en0376). " "Размер G0 всегда равен 94-м символам и содержит коды 041\\(en0176." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Switching between character sets is done using the shift functions B<^N> " #| "(SO or LS1), B<^O> (SI or LS0), ESC n (LS2), ESC o (LS3), ESC N (SS2), " #| "ESC O (SS3), ESC ~ (LS1R), ESC } (LS2R), ESC | (LS3R). The function " #| "LSI makes character set GI the current one for codes with high bit " #| "zero. The function LSIR makes character set GI the current one for " #| "codes with high bit one. The function SSI makes character set GI " #| "(I=2 or 3) the current one for the next character only (regardless of " #| "the value of its high order bit)." msgid "" "Switching between character sets is done using the shift functions B<" "\\[ha]N> (SO or LS1), B<\\[ha]O> (SI or LS0), ESC n (LS2), ESC o (LS3), ESC " "N (SS2), ESC O (SS3), ESC \\[ti] (LS1R), ESC } (LS2R), ESC | (LS3R). The " "function LSI makes character set GI the current one for codes with " "high bit zero. The function LSIR makes character set GI the current " "one for codes with high bit one. The function SSI makes character set " "GI (I=2 or 3) the current one for the next character only (regardless " "of the value of its high order bit)." msgstr "" "Переключение с одного набора символов на другой производится с помощью " "функций сдвига B<^N> (SO или LS1), B<^O> (SI или LS0), ESC n (LS2), ESC o " "(LS3), ESC N (SS2), ESC O (SS3), ESC ~ (LS1R), ESC } (LS2R), ESC | (LS3R). " "Функция LSI делает набор символов GI текущим для кодов со старшим " "битом, равным нулю. Функция LSIR делает набор символов GI текущим для " "кодов со старшим битом, равным единице. Функция SSI делает набор символов " "GI (I=2 или 3) текущим только для следующего символа (независимо от " "значения старшего бита)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "A 94-character set is designated as GI character set by an escape " #| "sequence ESC ( xx (for G0), ESC ) xx (for G1), ESC * xx (for G2), ESC + " #| "xx (for G3), where xx is a symbol or a pair of symbols found in the ISO " #| "2375 International Register of Coded Character Sets. For example, ESC " #| "( @ selects the ISO 646 character set as G0, ESC ( A selects the UK " #| "standard character set (with pound instead of number sign), ESC ( B " #| "selects ASCII (with dollar instead of currency sign), ESC ( M selects a " #| "character set for African languages, ESC ( ! A selects the Cuban " #| "character set, and so on." msgid "" "A 94-character set is designated as GI character set by an escape " "sequence ESC ( xx (for G0), ESC ) xx (for G1), ESC * xx (for G2), ESC + xx " "(for G3), where xx is a symbol or a pair of symbols found in the ISO/IEC\\ " "2375 International Register of Coded Character Sets. For example, ESC ( @ " "selects the ISO/IEC\\ 646 character set as G0, ESC ( A selects the UK " "standard character set (with pound instead of number sign), ESC ( B selects " "ASCII (with dollar instead of currency sign), ESC ( M selects a character " "set for African languages, ESC ( ! A selects the Cuban character set, and so " "on." msgstr "" "94-символьный набор становится набором символов GI c помощью " "последовательности ESC ( xx (для G0), ESC ) xx (для G1), ESC * xx (для G2), " "ESC + xx (для G3), где xx является символом или парой символов, которая " "содержится в ISO 2375 International Register of Coded Character Sets " "(международном реестре кодированных наборов символов). Например, ESC ( @ " "выбирает в качестве G0 набор символов ISO 646, ESC ( A выбирает стандартный " "набор символов UK (со знаком фунта вместо знака номера), ESC ( B выбирает " "ASCII (со знаком доллара вместо знака валюты), ESC ( M выбирает набор " "символов для африканских языков, ESC ( ! A выбирает кубинский набор символов " "и т.д. и т.п." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A 96-character set is designated as GI character set by an escape " "sequence ESC - xx (for G1), ESC . xx (for G2) or ESC / xx (for G3). For " "example, ESC - G selects the Hebrew alphabet as G1." msgstr "" "96-символьный набор назначается набором символов GI с помощью " "последовательности ESC - xx (для G1), ESC . xx (для G2) или ESC / xx (для " "G3). Например, ESC - G выбирает иврит в качестве G1." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A multibyte character set is designated as GI character set by an escape " "sequence ESC $ xx or ESC $ ( xx (for G0), ESC $ ) xx (for G1), ESC $ * xx " "(for G2), ESC $ + xx (for G3). For example, ESC $ ( C selects the Korean " "character set for G0. The Japanese character set selected by ESC $ B has a " "more recent version selected by ESC & @ ESC $ B." msgstr "" "Мультибайтный набор символов назначается набором символов GI управляющей " "последовательностью ESC $ xx или ESC $ ( xx (для G0), ESC $ ) xx (для G1), " "ESC $ * xx (для G2), ESC $ + xx (для G3). Например, ESC $ ( C выбирает " "корейский набор символов для G0. Набор японских символов выбирается при " "помощи ESC $ B, а его более новая версия — при помощи ESC & @ ESC $ B." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "ISO 4873 stipulates a narrower use of character sets, where G0 is fixed " #| "(always ASCII), so that G1, G2 and G3 can be invoked only for codes with " #| "the high order bit set. In particular, B<^N> and B<^O> are not used " #| "anymore, ESC ( xx can be used only with xx=B, and ESC ) xx, ESC * xx, ESC " #| "+ xx are equivalent to ESC - xx, ESC . xx, ESC / xx, respectively." msgid "" "ISO/IEC\\ 4873 stipulates a narrower use of character sets, where G0 is " "fixed (always ASCII), so that G1, G2, and G3 can be invoked only for codes " "with the high order bit set. In particular, B<\\[ha]N> and B<\\[ha]O> are " "not used anymore, ESC ( xx can be used only with xx=B, and ESC ) xx, ESC * " "xx, ESC + xx are equivalent to ESC - xx, ESC . xx, ESC / xx, respectively." msgstr "" "ISO 4873 оговаривает более направленное использование наборов символов, при " "котором G0 постоянен (всегда ASCII), так что G1, G2 и G3 могут быть заданы " "только для кодов с установленным старшим битом. При этом B<^N> и B<^O> " "больше не используются, ESC ( xx может быть использована только с xx=B, а " "ESC ) xx, ESC * xx и ESC + xx эквивалентны ESC - xx, ESC . xx и ESC / xx, " "соответственно." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "TIS-620" msgstr "TIS-620" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "TIS-620 is a Thai national standard character set and a superset of " #| "ASCII. In the same fashion as the ISO 8859 series, Thai characters are " #| "mapped into 0xa1\\(en0xfe." msgid "" "TIS-620 is a Thai national standard character set and a superset of ASCII. " "In the same fashion as the ISO/IEC\\ 8859 series, Thai characters are mapped " "into 0xa1\\[en]0xfe." msgstr "" "TIS -62 — это национальный стандартный набор тайских символов, включающий " "ASCII. Как и в стандартах ISO 8859, тайские символы находятся в интервале " "0xa1\\(en0xfe." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Unicode" msgstr "Юникод" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Unicode (ISO 10646) is a standard which aims to unambiguously represent " #| "every character in every human language. Unicode's structure permits " #| "20.1 bits to encode every character. Since most computers don't include " #| "20.1-bit integers, Unicode is usually encoded as 32-bit integers " #| "internally and either a series of 16-bit integers (UTF-16) (needing two " #| "16-bit integers only when encoding certain rare characters) or a series " #| "of 8-bit bytes (UTF-8)." msgid "" "Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) is a standard which aims to unambiguously represent " "every character in every human language. Unicode's structure permits 20.1 " "bits to encode every character. Since most computers don't include 20.1-bit " "integers, Unicode is usually encoded as 32-bit integers internally and " "either a series of 16-bit integers (UTF-16) (needing two 16-bit integers " "only when encoding certain rare characters) or a series of 8-bit bytes " "(UTF-8)." msgstr "" "Юникод (ISO 10646) — стандарт, которым можно представить любой символ из " "всех известных человеку языков. В структуре Юникода на кодирование каждого " "символа выделяется 20.1 бит. Так как большинство компьютеров не поддерживают " "целых чисел размерностью 20.1 бит, то Юникод, обычно, кодируется в 32-битных " "целых, а также или серией 16-ти битных целых (UTF-16, 2 16-битных целых " "требуется только при кодировании редких символов), или серией 8-битных байт " "(UTF-8)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Linux represents Unicode using the 8-bit Unicode Transformation Format " "(UTF-8). UTF-8 is a variable length encoding of Unicode. It uses 1 byte to " "code 7 bits, 2 bytes for 11 bits, 3 bytes for 16 bits, 4 bytes for 21 bits, " "5 bytes for 26 bits, 6 bytes for 31 bits." msgstr "" "Для представления Юникода в Linux используется 8-битный формат " "преобразования Юникода (UTF-8 - 8-bit Unicode Transformation Format). UTF-8 " "— это формат непостоянной длины для кодирования Юникода. В нём используется " "1 байт для кодирования 7-и битов, 2 байта для 11-и битов, 3 байта для 16-и " "битов, 4 байта для 21-ого бита, 5 байтов для 26-и битов, 6 байтов для 31-ого " "бита." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Let 0,1,x stand for a zero, one, or arbitrary bit. A byte 0xxxxxxx stands " "for the Unicode 00000000 0xxxxxxx which codes the same symbol as the ASCII " "0xxxxxxx. Thus, ASCII goes unchanged into UTF-8, and people using only " "ASCII do not notice any change: not in code, and not in file size." msgstr "" "Пусть 0, 1, x соответствует нулю, единице и случайному биту. Байт 0xxxxxxx " "соответствует Юникоду 00000000 0xxxxxxx, что, в свою очередь, соответствует " "символу в ASCII 0xxxxxxxx. То есть, коды ASCII совпадают с кодами UTF-8 и " "людям, использующим только ASCII, ничего делать не нужно: ни в коде, ни в " "файлах." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "A byte 110xxxxx is the start of a 2-byte code, and 110xxxxx 10yyyyyy is " #| "assembled into 00000xxx xxyyyyyy. A byte 1110xxxx is the start of a 3-" #| "byte code, and 1110xxxx 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz is assembled into xxxxyyyy " #| "yyzzzzzz. (When UTF-8 is used to code the 31-bit ISO 10646 then this " #| "progression continues up to 6-byte codes.)" msgid "" "A byte 110xxxxx is the start of a 2-byte code, and 110xxxxx 10yyyyyy is " "assembled into 00000xxx xxyyyyyy. A byte 1110xxxx is the start of a 3-byte " "code, and 1110xxxx 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz is assembled into xxxxyyyy yyzzzzzz. " "(When UTF-8 is used to code the 31-bit ISO/IEC 10646 then this progression " "continues up to 6-byte codes.)" msgstr "" "Байт 110xxxxx является началом 2-байтного кода, и 110xxxxx 10yyyyyy " "преобразуется в 00000xxx xxyyyyyy. Байт 1110xxxx — начало 3-байтного кода, и " "1110xxxx 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz преобразуется в xxxxyyyy yyzzzzzz (если UTF-8 " "используется для кодирования 31-битного ISO 10646, то это прогрессия " "продолжается до 6-байтных кодов)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "For most texts in ISO 8859 character sets, this means that the characters " #| "outside of ASCII are now coded with two bytes. This tends to expand " #| "ordinary text files by only one or two percent. For Russian or Greek " #| "texts, this expands ordinary text files by 100%, since text in those " #| "languages is mostly outside of ASCII. For Japanese users this means that " #| "the 16-bit codes now in common use will take three bytes. While there " #| "are algorithmic conversions from some character sets (especially ISO " #| "8859-1) to Unicode, general conversion requires carrying around " #| "conversion tables, which can be quite large for 16-bit codes." msgid "" "For most texts in ISO/IEC\\ 8859 character sets, this means that the " "characters outside of ASCII are now coded with two bytes. This tends to " "expand ordinary text files by only one or two percent. For Russian or Greek " "texts, this expands ordinary text files by 100%, since text in those " "languages is mostly outside of ASCII. For Japanese users this means that " "the 16-bit codes now in common use will take three bytes. While there are " "algorithmic conversions from some character sets (especially ISO/IEC\\ " "8859-1) to Unicode, general conversion requires carrying around conversion " "tables, which can be quite large for 16-bit codes." msgstr "" "Для большинства текстов, кодированных наборами ISO 8859, это означает, что " "символы, не входящие в ASCII, теперь кодируются двумя байтами. Это приводит " "к тому, что обычный текстовый файл становится больше на 1-2 процента. " "Обычные текстовые файлы на греческом или русском языке увеличиваются на " "100%, так как почти все символы в этих языках находятся за пределами ASCII. " "Для пользователей японского языка 16-ти битные символы теперь, в основном, " "представляются 3-мя байтами. Хотя для некоторых наборов символов (особенно " "ISO-8859-1) и есть алгоритмы преобразования в Юникод, в большинстве случаев " "для преобразований требуются таблицы соответствий, которые могут быть " "большими для 16-битных кодов." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Note that UTF-8 is self-synchronizing: 10xxxxxx is a tail, any other byte " #| "is the head of a code. Note that the only way ASCII bytes occur in a " #| "UTF-8 stream, is as themselves. In particular, there are no embedded " #| "NULs (\\(aq\\e0\\(aq) or \\(aq/\\(aqs that form part of some larger code." msgid "" "Note that UTF-8 is self-synchronizing: 10xxxxxx is a tail, any other byte is " "the head of a code. Note that the only way ASCII bytes occur in a UTF-8 " "stream, is as themselves. In particular, there are no embedded NULs " "(\\[aq]\\e0\\[aq]) or \\[aq]/\\[aq]s that form part of some larger code." msgstr "" "Заметим, что UTF-8 является самосинхронизирующимся: 10xxxxxx — это «хвост», " "а любой другой байт — «голова» кода. Только байты ASCII в потоке UTF-8 " "представлены без изменений. В частности, в поток не встраиваются NUL (\\(aq" "\\e0\\(aq) или \\(aq/\\(aq для формирования части какого-то большего кода." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Since ASCII, and, in particular, NUL and \\(aq/\\(aq, are unchanged, the " #| "kernel does not notice that UTF-8 is being used. It does not care at all " #| "what the bytes it is handling stand for." msgid "" "Since ASCII, and, in particular, NUL and \\[aq]/\\[aq], are unchanged, the " "kernel does not notice that UTF-8 is being used. It does not care at all " "what the bytes it is handling stand for." msgstr "" "Так как символы ASCII, в частности, NUL и \\(aq/\\(aq, не изменяются, то " "ядро не замечает, что используется UTF-8. В нём никак не учитывается для " "чего используются эти байты." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Rendering of Unicode data streams is typically handled through \"subfont\" " "tables which map a subset of Unicode to glyphs. Internally the kernel uses " "Unicode to describe the subfont loaded in video RAM. This means that in the " "Linux console in UTF-8 mode, one can use a character set with 512 different " "symbols. This is not enough for Japanese, Chinese, and Korean, but it is " "enough for most other purposes." msgstr "" "Визуализация потоков данных Юникода обычно производится с помощью таблицы " "«подшрифтов», переводящей единицы набора Юникода в образы символов (глифы). " "Внутри ядра Юникод используется для описания подшрифта, загруженного в " "видеопамять. Это означает, что в консоли Linux в режиме UTF-8 можно " "использовать набор символов с 512-ю различными символами. Этого недостаточно " "для японского, китайского и корейского языков, но достаточно для большинства " "других." #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "SEE ALSO" msgstr "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "B(1), B(7), B(7), B(7), B(7)" msgstr "B(1), B(7), B(7), B(7), B(7)" #. type: TH #: debian-bookworm #, no-wrap msgid "2023-02-05" msgstr "5 февраля 2023 г." #. type: TH #: debian-bookworm #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03" msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.03" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "Standards discussed include such as ASCII, GB 2312, ISO 8859, JIS, KOI8-R, " "KS, and Unicode." msgstr "" "Обсуждаемые стандарты: ASCII, GB 2312, ISO 8859, JIS, KOI8-R, KS и Юникод." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "ASCII (American Standard Code For Information Interchange) is the original 7-" "bit character set, originally designed for American English. Also known as " "US-ASCII. It is currently described by the ISO 646:1991 IRV (International " "Reference Version) standard." msgstr "" "ASCII (American Standard Code For Information Interchange; американский " "стандартный код для обмена информацией) — первоначальный 7-битный набор " "символов, разработанный для американского варианта английского языка. Также " "известен как US-ASCII. В настоящее время описан в стандарте ISO 646:1991 IRV " "(International Reference Version)." #. type: SS #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "ISO 8859" msgstr "ISO 8859" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "ISO 8859 is a series of 15 8-bit character sets, all of which have ASCII " #| "in their low (7-bit) half, invisible control characters in positions 128 " #| "to 159, and 96 fixed-width graphics in positions 160\\(en255." msgid "" "ISO 8859 is a series of 15 8-bit character sets, all of which have ASCII in " "their low (7-bit) half, invisible control characters in positions 128 to " "159, and 96 fixed-width graphics in positions 160\\[en]255." msgstr "" "ISO 8859 — это серия из 15-и 8-битных наборов символов, каждый из которых " "имеет в своей нижней (7-битной) половине коды ASCII, невидимые управляющие " "символы в позициях от 128 до 159 и 96 графических символов фиксированной " "ширины в позициях 160\\(en255." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Of these, the most important is ISO 8859-1 (\"Latin Alphabet No .1\" / " #| "Latin-1). It was widely adopted and supported by different systems, and " #| "is gradually being replaced with Unicode. The ISO 8859-1 characters are " #| "also the first 256 characters of Unicode." msgid "" "Of these, the most important is ISO 8859-1 (\"Latin Alphabet No. 1\" / " "Latin-1). It was widely adopted and supported by different systems, and is " "gradually being replaced with Unicode. The ISO 8859-1 characters are also " "the first 256 characters of Unicode." msgstr "" "Из них самой важной является последовательность ISO 8859-1 («Latin Alphabet " "No .1» / Latin-1). Она широко распространена, поддерживается различными " "системами и постепенно заменяется Юникодом. Символы ISO 8859-1 также " "являются первыми 256 символами Юникода." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "Console support for the other 8859 character sets is available under Linux " "through user-mode utilities (such as B(8)) that modify keyboard " "bindings and the EGA graphics table and employ the \"user mapping\" font " "table in the console driver." msgstr "" "Поддержка в консоли других наборов символов 8859 осуществляется в Linux с " "помощью пользовательских утилит (таких, как B(8)), меняющих " "привязки клавиатуры, таблицу графики EGA и передающих драйверу консоли " "таблицу соответствий символов шрифтам." #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-1 (Latin-1)" msgstr "8859-1 (Latin-1)" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Latin-1 covers many West European languages such as Albanian, Basque, " #| "Danish, English, Faroese, Galician, Icelandic, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, " #| "Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish. The lack of the ligatures Dutch IJ/ij, " #| "French œ, and old-style „German“ quotation marks was considered tolerable." msgid "" "Latin-1 covers many European languages such as Albanian, Basque, Danish, " "English, Faroese, Galician, Icelandic, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, " "Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish. The lack of the ligatures Dutch IJ/ij, " "French œ, and old-style „German“ quotation marks was considered tolerable." msgstr "" "Latin-1 охватывается большинство западноевропейских языков, таких, как: " "албанский, баскский, датский, английский, фарезский, галисийский, " "исландский, ирландский, итальянский, норвежский, португальский, испанский и " "шведский. Отсутствие лигатуры IJ/ij голландского языка, œ французского языка и " "старых „немецких“ кавычек считается приемлемым." #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-2 (Latin-2)" msgstr "8859-2 (Latin-2)" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-3 (Latin-3)" msgstr "8859-3 (Latin-3)" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "Latin-3 was designed to cover of Esperanto, Maltese, and Turkish, but 8859-9 " "later superseded it for Turkish." msgstr "" "Latin-3 охватывает эсперанто, мальтийский и турецкий языки (но турецкий " "сейчас охватывается 8859-9)." #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-4 (Latin-4)" msgstr "8859-4 (Latin-4)" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "Latin-4 introduced letters for North European languages such as Estonian, " "Latvian, and Lithuanian, but was superseded by 8859-10 and 8859-13." msgstr "" "Latin-4 охватывает северо-европейские языки: эстонский, латвийский и " "литовский языки. Но сейчас они охватываются 8859-10 и 8859-13." #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-5" msgstr "8859-5" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-6" msgstr "8859-6" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "Was created for Arabic. The 8859-6 glyph table is a fixed font of separate " "letter forms, but a proper display engine should combine these using the " "proper initial, medial, and final forms." msgstr "" "Был создан для арабского языка. Таблица начертаний (глифов) 8859-6 — это " "шрифт отдельных форм букв постоянной ширины; корректная программа " "отображения должна объединить их, используя корректные начальные, " "промежуточные и конечные формы." #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-7" msgstr "8859-7" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-8" msgstr "8859-8" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-9 (Latin-5)" msgstr "8859-9 (Latin-5)" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-10 (Latin-6)" msgstr "8859-10 (Latin-6)" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-11" msgstr "8859-11" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-12" msgstr "8859-12" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-13 (Latin-7)" msgstr "8859-13 (Latin-7)" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-14 (Latin-8)" msgstr "8859-14 (Latin-8)" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-15 (Latin-9)" msgstr "8859-15 (Latin-9)" #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "8859-16 (Latin-10)" msgstr "8859-16 (Latin-10)" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "KOI8-R is a non-ISO character set popular in Russia before Unicode. The " "lower half is ASCII; the upper is a Cyrillic character set somewhat better " "designed than ISO 8859-5. KOI8-U, based on KOI8-R, has better support for " "Ukrainian. Neither of these sets are ISO-2022 compatible, unlike the ISO " "8859 series." msgstr "" "KOI8-R — набор символов не ISO, являлся популярным в России до Юникода. " "Нижняя часть таблицы описывает ASCII, верхняя — набор символов кириллицы, " "более совершенный по сравнению с ISO 8859-5. KOI8-U, основанный на KOI8-R, " "имеет более полную поддержку украинского языка. Ни один из этих наборов не " "совместим с ISO-2022 (в отличии от ISO 8859)." #. Thanks to Tomohiro KUBOTA for the following sections about #. national standards. #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Big5 was a popular character set in Taiwan to express traditional " #| "Chinese. (Big5 is both a character set and an encoding.) It is a " #| "superset of ASCII. Non-ASCII characters are expressed in two bytes. " #| "Bytes 0xa1\\(en0xfe are used as leading bytes for two-byte characters. " #| "Big5 and its extension were widely used in Taiwan and Hong Kong. It is " #| "not ISO 2022 compliant." msgid "" "Big5 was a popular character set in Taiwan to express traditional Chinese. " "(Big5 is both a character set and an encoding.) It is a superset of ASCII. " "Non-ASCII characters are expressed in two bytes. Bytes 0xa1\\[en]0xfe are " "used as leading bytes for two-byte characters. Big5 and its extension were " "widely used in Taiwan and Hong Kong. It is not ISO 2022 compliant." msgstr "" "Big5 — ранее популярный набор в Тайване для отображения традиционного " "китайского языка (Big5 является и кодировкой и набором символов). Он " "включает в себя ASCII. Символы, не входящие в ASCII, представлены двумя " "байтами. Первый байт (символ представлен двумя байтами) берётся из диапазона " "xa1\\(en0xfe. Big5 и его расширение широко используются в Тайване и " "Гонконге. Он не совместим с ISO 2022." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "JIS X 0208 is a Japanese national standard character set. Though there " #| "are some more Japanese national standard character sets (like JIS X 0201, " #| "JIS X 0212, and JIS X 0213), this is the most important one. Characters " #| "are mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix, whose each byte is in the range " #| "0x21\\(en0x7e. Note that JIS X 0208 is a character set, not an " #| "encoding. This means that JIS X 0208 itself is not used for expressing " #| "text data. JIS X 0208 is used as a component to construct encodings such " #| "as EUC-JP, Shift_JIS, and ISO-2022-JP. EUC-JP is the most important " #| "encoding for Linux and includes ASCII and JIS X 0208. In EUC-JP, JIS X " #| "0208 characters are expressed in two bytes, each of which is the JIS X " #| "0208 code plus 0x80." msgid "" "JIS X 0208 is a Japanese national standard character set. Though there are " "some more Japanese national standard character sets (like JIS X 0201, JIS X " "0212, and JIS X 0213), this is the most important one. Characters are " "mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix, whose each byte is in the range " "0x21\\[en]0x7e. Note that JIS X 0208 is a character set, not an encoding. " "This means that JIS X 0208 itself is not used for expressing text data. JIS " "X 0208 is used as a component to construct encodings such as EUC-JP, " "Shift_JIS, and ISO-2022-JP. EUC-JP is the most important encoding for Linux " "and includes ASCII and JIS X 0208. In EUC-JP, JIS X 0208 characters are " "expressed in two bytes, each of which is the JIS X 0208 code plus 0x80." msgstr "" "JIS X 208 является стандартным набором для японского языка. Существуют " "несколько других японских стандартов, например, JIS X 0201, JIS X 0212 и JIS " "X 0213, но первый — самый распространенный. Символы берутся из массива 94x94 " "и представлены двумя байтами, каждый из которых находится в интервале " "0x21\\(en0x7e. Заметьте, что JIS X 0208 является набором символов, а не " "кодировкой. Это означает, что JIS X 0208 не может представлять текстовую " "информацию самостоятельно, а является лишь компонентом для кодировок, таких " "как EUC-JP, Shift_JIS и ISO-2022-JP. EUC-JP — наиболее важная кодировка для " "Linux и включает в себя ASCII и JIS X 0208. В EUC-JP для символов JIS X 0208 " "отводится по 2 байта, значение каждого из которых равно коду JIS X 0208 плюс " "0x80." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "KS X 1001 is a Korean national standard character set. Just as JIS X 0208, " "characters are mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix. KS X 1001 is used like " "JIS X 0208, as a component to construct encodings such as EUC-KR, Johab, and " "ISO-2022-KR. EUC-KR is the most important encoding for Linux and includes " "ASCII and KS X 1001. KS C 5601 is an older name for KS X 1001." msgstr "" "KS X 1001 это корейский национальный стандарт для наборов символов. Как и в " "JIS X 0208, символы берутся из матрицы 94x94 и состоят из двух байт. KS X " "1001, так же как и JIS X 0208, является компонентом для кодировок EUC-KR, " "Johab и ISO-2022-KR. EUC-KR является наиболее важной кодировкой для Linux и " "включает в себя ASCII и KS X 1001. KS C 5601 это старое название KS X 1001." #. type: SS #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "ISO 2022 and ISO 4873" msgstr "ISO 2022 и ISO 4873" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "The ISO 2022 and 4873 standards describe a font-control model based on VT100 " "practice. This model is (partially) supported by the Linux kernel and by " "B(1). Several ISO 2022-based character encodings have been defined, " "especially for Japanese." msgstr "" "Стандарты ISO 2022 и 4873 описывают модель управления шрифтами, основанную " "на практике работы с VT100. Эта модель (частично) поддерживается ядром Linux " "и B(1). Были определены некоторые наборы символов на основе ISO 2022, " "особенно популярного в Японии." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "A 94-character set is designated as GI character set by an escape " "sequence ESC ( xx (for G0), ESC ) xx (for G1), ESC * xx (for G2), ESC + xx " "(for G3), where xx is a symbol or a pair of symbols found in the ISO 2375 " "International Register of Coded Character Sets. For example, ESC ( @ " "selects the ISO 646 character set as G0, ESC ( A selects the UK standard " "character set (with pound instead of number sign), ESC ( B selects ASCII " "(with dollar instead of currency sign), ESC ( M selects a character set for " "African languages, ESC ( ! A selects the Cuban character set, and so on." msgstr "" "94-символьный набор становится набором символов GI c помощью " "последовательности ESC ( xx (для G0), ESC ) xx (для G1), ESC * xx (для G2), " "ESC + xx (для G3), где xx является символом или парой символов, которая " "содержится в ISO 2375 International Register of Coded Character Sets " "(международном реестре кодированных наборов символов). Например, ESC ( @ " "выбирает в качестве G0 набор символов ISO 646, ESC ( A выбирает стандартный " "набор символов UK (со знаком фунта вместо знака номера), ESC ( B выбирает " "ASCII (со знаком доллара вместо знака валюты), ESC ( M выбирает набор " "символов для африканских языков, ESC ( ! A выбирает кубинский набор символов " "и т.д. и т.п." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "ISO 4873 stipulates a narrower use of character sets, where G0 is fixed " #| "(always ASCII), so that G1, G2 and G3 can be invoked only for codes with " #| "the high order bit set. In particular, B<^N> and B<^O> are not used " #| "anymore, ESC ( xx can be used only with xx=B, and ESC ) xx, ESC * xx, ESC " #| "+ xx are equivalent to ESC - xx, ESC . xx, ESC / xx, respectively." msgid "" "ISO 4873 stipulates a narrower use of character sets, where G0 is fixed " "(always ASCII), so that G1, G2, and G3 can be invoked only for codes with " "the high order bit set. In particular, B<\\[ha]N> and B<\\[ha]O> are not " "used anymore, ESC ( xx can be used only with xx=B, and ESC ) xx, ESC * xx, " "ESC + xx are equivalent to ESC - xx, ESC . xx, ESC / xx, respectively." msgstr "" "ISO 4873 оговаривает более направленное использование наборов символов, при " "котором G0 постоянен (всегда ASCII), так что G1, G2 и G3 могут быть заданы " "только для кодов с установленным старшим битом. При этом B<^N> и B<^O> " "больше не используются, ESC ( xx может быть использована только с xx=B, а " "ESC ) xx, ESC * xx и ESC + xx эквивалентны ESC - xx, ESC . xx и ESC / xx, " "соответственно." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "TIS-620 is a Thai national standard character set and a superset of " #| "ASCII. In the same fashion as the ISO 8859 series, Thai characters are " #| "mapped into 0xa1\\(en0xfe." msgid "" "TIS-620 is a Thai national standard character set and a superset of ASCII. " "In the same fashion as the ISO 8859 series, Thai characters are mapped into " "0xa1\\[en]0xfe." msgstr "" "TIS -62 — это национальный стандартный набор тайских символов, включающий " "ASCII. Как и в стандартах ISO 8859, тайские символы находятся в интервале " "0xa1\\(en0xfe." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm msgid "" "Unicode (ISO 10646) is a standard which aims to unambiguously represent " "every character in every human language. Unicode's structure permits 20.1 " "bits to encode every character. Since most computers don't include 20.1-bit " "integers, Unicode is usually encoded as 32-bit integers internally and " "either a series of 16-bit integers (UTF-16) (needing two 16-bit integers " "only when encoding certain rare characters) or a series of 8-bit bytes " "(UTF-8)." msgstr "" "Юникод (ISO 10646) — стандарт, которым можно представить любой символ из " "всех известных человеку языков. В структуре Юникода на кодирование каждого " "символа выделяется 20.1 бит. Так как большинство компьютеров не поддерживают " "целых чисел размерностью 20.1 бит, то Юникод, обычно, кодируется в 32-битных " "целых, а также или серией 16-ти битных целых (UTF-16, 2 16-битных целых " "требуется только при кодировании редких символов), или серией 8-битных байт " "(UTF-8)." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm msgid "" "A byte 110xxxxx is the start of a 2-byte code, and 110xxxxx 10yyyyyy is " "assembled into 00000xxx xxyyyyyy. A byte 1110xxxx is the start of a 3-byte " "code, and 1110xxxx 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz is assembled into xxxxyyyy yyzzzzzz. " "(When UTF-8 is used to code the 31-bit ISO 10646 then this progression " "continues up to 6-byte codes.)" msgstr "" "Байт 110xxxxx является началом 2-байтного кода, и 110xxxxx 10yyyyyy " "преобразуется в 00000xxx xxyyyyyy. Байт 1110xxxx — начало 3-байтного кода, и " "1110xxxx 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz преобразуется в xxxxyyyy yyzzzzzz (если UTF-8 " "используется для кодирования 31-битного ISO 10646, то это прогрессия " "продолжается до 6-байтных кодов)." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "For most texts in ISO 8859 character sets, this means that the characters " "outside of ASCII are now coded with two bytes. This tends to expand " "ordinary text files by only one or two percent. For Russian or Greek texts, " "this expands ordinary text files by 100%, since text in those languages is " "mostly outside of ASCII. For Japanese users this means that the 16-bit " "codes now in common use will take three bytes. While there are algorithmic " "conversions from some character sets (especially ISO 8859-1) to Unicode, " "general conversion requires carrying around conversion tables, which can be " "quite large for 16-bit codes." msgstr "" "Для большинства текстов, кодированных наборами ISO 8859, это означает, что " "символы, не входящие в ASCII, теперь кодируются двумя байтами. Это приводит " "к тому, что обычный текстовый файл становится больше на 1-2 процента. " "Обычные текстовые файлы на греческом или русском языке увеличиваются на " "100%, так как почти все символы в этих языках находятся за пределами ASCII. " "Для пользователей японского языка 16-ти битные символы теперь, в основном, " "представляются 3-мя байтами. Хотя для некоторых наборов символов (особенно " "ISO-8859-1) и есть алгоритмы преобразования в Юникод, в большинстве случаев " "для преобразований требуются таблицы соответствий, которые могут быть " "большими для 16-битных кодов." #. type: TH #: fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #, no-wrap msgid "2024-01-28" msgstr "28 января 2024 г." #. type: TH #: fedora-40 mageia-cauldron #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06" msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.06" #. type: TH #: fedora-rawhide #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7" msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.7" #. type: TH #: opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "2023-03-12" msgstr "12 марта 2023 г." #. type: TH #: opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04" msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.04" #. type: TH #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7" msgid "Linux man-pages (unreleased)" msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.7"