# Russian translation of manpages # This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package. # Copyright © of this file: # Alexey, 2016. # Azamat Hackimov , 2014-2017. # kogamatranslator49 , 2015. # Darima Kogan , 2014. # Max Is , 2016. # Yuri Kozlov , 2011-2019. # Иван Павлов , 2017. msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: manpages-l10n\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-06-01 06:08+0200\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2019-10-12 08:58+0300\n" "Last-Translator: Yuri Kozlov \n" "Language-Team: Russian \n" "Language: ru\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=4; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n" "%10<=4 && (n%100<12 || n%100>14) ? 1 : n%10==0 || (n%10>=5 && n%10<=9) || (n" "%100>=11 && n%100<=14)? 2 : 3);\n" "X-Generator: Lokalize 2.0\n" #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "path_resolution" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "2024-05-02" msgstr "2 мая 2024 г." #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-unstable #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7" msgid "Linux man-pages 6.8" msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.7" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "NAME" msgstr "ИМЯ" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "path_resolution - how a pathname is resolved to a file" msgstr "path_resolution - как путь преобразуется в файл" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "DESCRIPTION" msgstr "ОПИСАНИЕ" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Some UNIX/Linux system calls have as parameter one or more filenames. A " "filename (or pathname) is resolved as follows." msgstr "" "У некоторых системных вызовов UNIX/Linux есть параметр для указания одного " "или нескольких имён файлов. Имя файла (или путь) преобразуется (resolved) " "следующим образом." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Step 1: start of the resolution process" msgstr "Шаг 1: запуск процесса преобразования" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "If the pathname starts with the \\(aq/\\(aq character, the starting " #| "lookup directory is the root directory of the calling process. (A " #| "process inherits its root directory from its parent. Usually this will " #| "be the root directory of the file hierarchy. A process may get a " #| "different root directory by use of the B(2) system call. A " #| "process may get an entirely private mount namespace in case it\\(emor one " #| "of its ancestors\\(emwas started by an invocation of the B(2) " #| "system call that had the B flag set.) This handles the " #| "\\(aq/\\(aq part of the pathname." msgid "" "If the pathname starts with the \\[aq]/\\[aq] character, the starting lookup " "directory is the root directory of the calling process. A process inherits " "its root directory from its parent. Usually this will be the root directory " "of the file hierarchy. A process may get a different root directory by use " "of the B(2) system call, or may temporarily use a different root " "directory by using B(2) with the B flag set." msgstr "" "Если путь начинается с символа «/», то начальным каталогом поиска " "назначается корневой каталог вызывающего процесса (процесс наследует свой " "корневой каталог от родителя. Обычно, это корневой каталог файловой " "иерархии. Процесс может получить другой корневой каталог, используя " "системный вызов B(2). Процесс может получить полностью закрытое " "пространство имён монтирования когда он сам или один из его предков был " "запущен системным вызовом B(2) с флагом B). Так " "обрабатывается часть пути «/»." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A process may get an entirely private mount namespace in case it\\[em]or one " "of its ancestors\\[em]was started by an invocation of the B(2) " "system call that had the B flag set. This handles the \\[aq]/" "\\[aq] part of the pathname." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "If the pathname does not start with the \\(aq/\\(aq character, the " #| "starting lookup directory of the resolution process is the current " #| "working directory of the process. (This is also inherited from the " #| "parent. It can be changed by use of the B(2) system call.)" msgid "" "If the pathname does not start with the \\[aq]/\\[aq] character, the " "starting lookup directory of the resolution process is the current working " "directory of the process \\[em] or in the case of B(2)-style system " "calls, the I argument (or the current working directory if B " "is passed as the I argument). The current working directory is " "inherited from the parent, and can be changed by use of the B(2) " "system call." msgstr "" "Если путь не начинается с символа «/», то начальным каталогом поиска " "процесса преобразование выбирается текущий рабочий каталог процесса (также " "наследуемый от родителя; может быть системным вызовом B(2))." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Pathnames starting with a \\(aq/\\(aq character are called absolute " #| "pathnames. Pathnames not starting with a \\(aq/\\(aq are called relative " #| "pathnames." msgid "" "Pathnames starting with a \\[aq]/\\[aq] character are called absolute " "pathnames. Pathnames not starting with a \\[aq]/\\[aq] are called relative " "pathnames." msgstr "" "Пути, начинающиеся с символа «/», называются абсолютными путями. Пути, не " "начинающиеся с символа «/», называются относительными путями." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Step 2: walk along the path" msgstr "Шаг 2: обход пути" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Set the current lookup directory to the starting lookup directory. Now, " #| "for each nonfinal component of the pathname, where a component is a " #| "substring delimited by \\(aq/\\(aq characters, this component is looked " #| "up in the current lookup directory." msgid "" "Set the current lookup directory to the starting lookup directory. Now, for " "each nonfinal component of the pathname, where a component is a substring " "delimited by \\[aq]/\\[aq] characters, this component is looked up in the " "current lookup directory." msgstr "" "Назначаем текущим каталогом поиска начальный каталог поиска. Теперь для " "каждого не конечного компонента пути (подстрока, разделённая символами «/») " "будет производиться поиск в текущем каталоге поиска." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If the process does not have search permission on the current lookup " "directory, an B error is returned (\"Permission denied\")." msgstr "" "Если у процесса нет права поиска в текущем каталоге просмотра, будет " "возвращена ошибка B («Доступ запрещён»)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If the component is not found, an B error is returned (\"No such " "file or directory\")." msgstr "" "Если компонент не найдет, будет возвращена ошибка B («Нет такого " "файла или каталога»)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If the component is found, but is neither a directory nor a symbolic link, " "an B error is returned (\"Not a directory\")." msgstr "" "Если компонент найден, но не является ни каталогом, ни символической " "ссылкой, будет возвращена ошибка B («Не является каталогом»)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If the component is found and is a directory, we set the current lookup " "directory to that directory, and go to the next component." msgstr "" "Если компонент найден и является каталогом, значением текущего каталога " "поиска устанавливается этот каталог, после чего осуществляется переход к " "следующему компоненту." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "If the component is found and is a symbolic link (symlink), we first " #| "resolve this symbolic link (with the current lookup directory as starting " #| "lookup directory). Upon error, that error is returned. If the result is " #| "not a directory, an B error is returned. If the resolution of " #| "the symlink is successful and returns a directory, we set the current " #| "lookup directory to that directory, and go to the next component. Note " #| "that the resolution process here can involve recursion if the prefix " #| "('dirname') component of a pathname contains a filename that is a " #| "symbolic link that resolves to a directory (where the prefix component of " #| "that directory may contain a symbolic link, and so on). In order to " #| "protect the kernel against stack overflow, and also to protect against " #| "denial of service, there are limits on the maximum recursion depth, and " #| "on the maximum number of symbolic links followed. An B error is " #| "returned when the maximum is exceeded (\"Too many levels of symbolic links" #| "\")." msgid "" "If the component is found and is a symbolic link, we first resolve this " "symbolic link (with the current lookup directory as starting lookup " "directory). Upon error, that error is returned. If the result is not a " "directory, an B error is returned. If the resolution of the " "symbolic link is successful and returns a directory, we set the current " "lookup directory to that directory, and go to the next component. Note that " "the resolution process here can involve recursion if the prefix ('dirname') " "component of a pathname contains a filename that is a symbolic link that " "resolves to a directory (where the prefix component of that directory may " "contain a symbolic link, and so on). In order to protect the kernel against " "stack overflow, and also to protect against denial of service, there are " "limits on the maximum recursion depth, and on the maximum number of symbolic " "links followed. An B error is returned when the maximum is exceeded " "(\"Too many levels of symbolic links\")." msgstr "" "Если компонент найден и это символическая ссылка (symlink), то сначала мы " "разрешаем эту символическую ссылку (от текущего каталога, как начального " "пути поиска). При ошибках, возвращаем ошибку. Если результат не каталог, то " "возвращается ошибка B. Если разрешение символической ссылки удалось " "и получен каталог, то мы назначаем этот каталог текущим каталогом поиска и " "переходим к следующему компоненту. Заметим, что процесс разрешения здесь " "может вызвать рекурсию, если компонент префикса («dirname») пути содержит " "имя символической ссылки, которая разрешается в каталог (где префикс " "компонента этого каталога может содержать символическую ссылку и т .д.). Для " "защиты ядра от переполнения стека, а также от отказа в обслуживании, есть " "ограничение на максимальную глубину рекурсии и на максимальное количество " "переходов по символическим ссылкам. При превышении возвращается ошибка " "B («Слишком много уровней символических ссылок»)." #. presently: max recursion depth during symlink resolution: 5 #. max total number of symbolic links followed: 40 #. _POSIX_SYMLOOP_MAX is 8 #. MAXSYMLINKS is 40 #. MAX_NESTED_LINKS #. commit 894bc8c4662ba9daceafe943a5ba0dd407da5cd3 #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "As currently implemented on Linux, the maximum number of symbolic links " #| "that will be followed while resolving a pathname is 40. In kernels " #| "before 2.6.18, the limit on the recursion depth was 5. Starting with " #| "Linux 2.6.18, this limit was raised to 8. In Linux 4.2, the kernel's " #| "pathname-resolution code was reworked to eliminate the use of recursion, " #| "so that the only limit that remains is the maximum of 40 resolutions for " #| "the entire pathname." msgid "" "As currently implemented on Linux, the maximum number of symbolic links that " "will be followed while resolving a pathname is 40. Before Linux 2.6.18, the " "limit on the recursion depth was 5. Starting with Linux 2.6.18, this limit " "was raised to 8. In Linux 4.2, the kernel's pathname-resolution code was " "reworked to eliminate the use of recursion, so that the only limit that " "remains is the maximum of 40 resolutions for the entire pathname." msgstr "" "В текущей реализации Linux максимальное количество допустимых переходов по " "символическим ссылкам при преобразовании пути равно 40. В ядрах до версии " "2.6.18 ограничение глубины рекурсии было равно 5. Начиная с Linux 2.6.18, " "это ограничение увеличилось до 8. В Linux 4.2 код ядра разрешения пути был " "переработан и возникновение рекурсии больше не происходит, поэтому осталось " "только ограничение на 40 разрешений для всего пути." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The resolution of symbolic links during this stage can be blocked by using " "B(2), with the B flag set." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Step 3: find the final entry" msgstr "Шаг 3: поиск последнего элемента" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "The lookup of the final component of the pathname goes just like that of " #| "all other components, as described in the previous step, with two " #| "differences: (i) the final component need not be a directory (at least as " #| "far as the path resolution process is concerned\\(emit may have to be a " #| "directory, or a nondirectory, because of the requirements of the specific " #| "system call), and (ii) it is not necessarily an error if the component is " #| "not found\\(emmaybe we are just creating it. The details on the " #| "treatment of the final entry are described in the manual pages of the " #| "specific system calls." msgid "" "The lookup of the final component of the pathname goes just like that of all " "other components, as described in the previous step, with two differences: " "(i) the final component need not be a directory (at least as far as the path " "resolution process is concerned\\[em]it may have to be a directory, or a " "nondirectory, because of the requirements of the specific system call), and " "(ii) it is not necessarily an error if the component is not found\\[em]maybe " "we are just creating it. The details on the treatment of the final entry " "are described in the manual pages of the specific system calls." msgstr "" "Поиск конечного компонента пути происходит таким же образом, как и всех " "других компонентов, как было описано в предыдущем шаге, но с двумя " "различиями: конечному компоненту не нужно быть каталогом (по крайней мере, " "это не важно для процесса преобразования — он может быть каталогом или не " "каталогом, в зависимости от требований определённого системного вызова), и " "если компонент не найден это необязательна ошибка — возможно, его только " "требуется создать. О том, чем считается последний элемент, описано в " "справочных страницах соответствующих системных вызовов." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-rawhide opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid ". and .." msgid "\\&. and .." msgstr ". и .." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "By convention, every directory has the entries \".\" and \"..\", which refer " "to the directory itself and to its parent directory, respectively." msgstr "" "По соглашению, в каждом каталоге есть записи «.» и «..», которые ссылаются " "на сам каталог и на его родительских каталог, соответственно." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The path resolution process will assume that these entries have their " "conventional meanings, regardless of whether they are actually present in " "the physical filesystem." msgstr "" "Процесс определения пути предполагает, что эти записи имеют свои " "общепринятые значения, независимо от того, присутствуют ли они на самом деле " "в физической файловой системе." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "One cannot walk down past the root: \"/..\" is the same as \"/\"." msgid "One cannot walk up past the root: \"/..\" is the same as \"/\"." msgstr "Невозможно перейти за пределы корня: путь «/..» равен «/»." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Mount points" msgstr "Точки монтирования" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "After a \"mount dev path\" command, the pathname \"path\" refers to the " #| "root of the filesystem hierarchy on the device \"dev\", and no longer to " #| "whatever it referred to earlier." msgid "" "After a I command, the pathname \"path\" refers to the root " "of the filesystem hierarchy on the device \"dev\", and no longer to whatever " "it referred to earlier." msgstr "" "После команды «mount устройство путь» путь указывает на корень иерархии " "файловой системы устройства, и больше не указывает на то, что было раньше." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "One can walk out of a mounted filesystem: \"path/..\" refers to the parent " "directory of \"path\", outside of the filesystem hierarchy on \"dev\"." msgstr "" "Можно выйти за пределы смонтированной файловой системы: «путь/..» указывает " "на родительский каталог «пути», лежащий вне иерархии файловой системы " "устройства." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Traversal of mount points can be blocked by using B(2), with the " "B flag set (though note that this also restricts bind mount " "traversal)." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Trailing slashes" msgstr "Конечные символы косой черты" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "If a pathname ends in a \\(aq/\\(aq, that forces resolution of the " #| "preceding component as in Step 2: it has to exist and resolve to a " #| "directory. Otherwise, a trailing \\(aq/\\(aq is ignored. (Or, " #| "equivalently, a pathname with a trailing \\(aq/\\(aq is equivalent to the " #| "pathname obtained by appending \\(aq.\\(aq to it.)" msgid "" "If a pathname ends in a \\[aq]/\\[aq], that forces resolution of the " "preceding component as in Step 2: the component preceding the slash either " "exists and resolves to a directory or it names a directory that is to be " "created immediately after the pathname is resolved. Otherwise, a trailing " "\\[aq]/\\[aq] is ignored." msgstr "" "Если путь заканчивается на «/», то это приводит к обработке предыдущего " "компонента согласно шагу 2: он существует и преобразуется в каталог. В " "противном случае конечный «/» будет проигнорирован (или, что тоже самое, " "путь с конечной косой чертой «/» будет равен пути, полученному добавлением к " "его концу «.»)." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "Final symlink" msgid "Final symbolic link" msgstr "Символьная ссылка в конце" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "If the last component of a pathname is a symbolic link, then it depends " #| "on the system call whether the file referred to will be the symbolic link " #| "or the result of path resolution on its contents. For example, the " #| "system call B(2) will operate on the symlink, while B(2) " #| "operates on the file pointed to by the symlink." msgid "" "If the last component of a pathname is a symbolic link, then it depends on " "the system call whether the file referred to will be the symbolic link or " "the result of path resolution on its contents. For example, the system call " "B(2) will operate on the symbolic link, while B(2) operates " "on the file pointed to by the symbolic link." msgstr "" "Если последний компонент пути является символической ссылкой, то это зависит " "от системного вызова, будет ли файл указывать на саму символическую ссылку " "или на её содержимое. Например, системный вызов B(2) будет работать с " "символической ссылкой, а B(2) работает с файлом, на который указывает " "символическая ссылка." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Length limit" msgstr "Ограничение длины" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "There is a maximum length for pathnames. If the pathname (or some " "intermediate pathname obtained while resolving symbolic links) is too long, " "an B error is returned (\"Filename too long\")." msgstr "" "Существует максимально допустимая длина пути. Если путь (или какой-нибудь " "промежуточный путь, полученный при разрешении символических ссылок) очень " "длинный, то возвращается B («Имя файла очень длинное»)." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Empty pathname" msgstr "Пустой путь" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "In the original UNIX, the empty pathname referred to the current directory. " "Nowadays POSIX decrees that an empty pathname must not be resolved " "successfully. Linux returns B in this case." msgstr "" "В оригинальном UNIX, пустой путь считался текущим каталогом. В наши дни в " "POSIX указано, что пустой путь не должен быть преобразован без ошибки. В " "Linux в этом случае возвращается B." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Permissions" msgstr "Права доступа" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The permission bits of a file consist of three groups of three bits; see " "B(1) and B(2). The first group of three is used when the " "effective user ID of the calling process equals the owner ID of the file. " "The second group of three is used when the group ID of the file either " "equals the effective group ID of the calling process, or is one of the " "supplementary group IDs of the calling process (as set by B(2)). " "When neither holds, the third group is used." msgstr "" "Биты прав файла делятся на три группы по три бита; смотрите B(1) и " "B(2). Первая группа используется тогда, когда эффективный " "идентификатор пользователя вызывающего процесса равен идентификатору " "владельца файла. Вторая группа используется, если идентификатор группы файла " "равен эффективному идентификатору группы вызывающего процесса или одному из " "дополнительных групп вызывающего процесса (установленных B(2)). В " "остальных случаях используется третья группа." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Of the three bits used, the first bit determines read permission, the second " "write permission, and the last execute permission in case of ordinary files, " "or search permission in case of directories." msgstr "" "Три бита используются следующим образом: первым битом задаётся доступ на " "чтение, вторым на запись, а последним, в случае обычных файлов — разрешение " "на выполнение, в в случае каталогов разрешение на поиск." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Linux uses the fsuid instead of the effective user ID in permission checks. " "Ordinarily the fsuid will equal the effective user ID, but the fsuid can be " "changed by the system call B(2)." msgstr "" "Для проверки доступа в Linux используется fsuid вместо эффективного " "идентификатора пользователя. Обычно, fsuid равен эффективному идентификатору " "пользователя, fsuid может быть изменён системным вызовом B(2)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "(Here \"fsuid\" stands for something like \"filesystem user ID\". The " "concept was required for the implementation of a user space NFS server at a " "time when processes could send a signal to a process with the same effective " "user ID. It is obsolete now. Nobody should use B(2).)" msgstr "" "(Здесь «fsuid» сокращение от «пользовательский идентификатор в файловой " "системе, filesystem user ID». Это требовалось для реализации сервера NFS в " "пользовательском пространстве во времена, когда процессы могли посылать " "сигнал процессу с тем же эффективным идентификатором пользователя. Сейчас " "это устарело. Никто не должен использовать B(2).)" #. FIXME . say something about filesystem mounted read-only ? #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Similarly, Linux uses the fsgid (\"filesystem group ID\") instead of the " "effective group ID. See B(2)." msgstr "" "Схожим образом в Linux используется fsgid (\"filesystem group ID\") вместо " "идентификатора эффективной группы. Смотрите B(2)." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Bypassing permission checks: superuser and capabilities" msgstr "Пропуск проверки прав доступа: суперпользователь и мандаты" #. (but for exec at least one x bit must be set) -- AEB #. but there is variation across systems on this point: for #. example, HP-UX and Tru64 are as described by AEB. However, #. on some implementations (e.g., Solaris, FreeBSD), #. access(X_OK) by superuser will report success, regardless #. of the file's execute permission bits. -- MTK (Oct 05) #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "On a traditional UNIX system, the superuser (I, user ID 0) is all-" "powerful, and bypasses all permissions restrictions when accessing files." msgstr "" "В традиционных системах UNIX суперпользователю (I, идентификатор " "пользователя 0) доступно всё и при доступе к файлам никаких проверок " "ограничений не производится." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "On Linux, superuser privileges are divided into capabilities (see " "B(7)). Two capabilities are relevant for file permissions " "checks: B and B. (A process has " "these capabilities if its fsuid is 0.)" msgstr "" "В Linux права суперпользователя делятся мандатами (смотрите " "B(7)). Два мандата относятся к проверка доступа к файлам: " "B и B (процесс имеет эти мандаты, " "если его fsuid равен 0)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The B capability overrides all permission checking, but " "grants execute permission only when at least one of the file's three execute " "permission bits is set." msgstr "" "Мандат B заменяет всех проверки прав, но позволяет право " "выполнения только, когда установлен хотя бы один из трёх битов выполнения " "файла." #. FIXME . say something about immutable files #. FIXME . say something about ACLs #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The B capability grants read and search permission on " "directories, and read permission on ordinary files." msgstr "" "Мандат B разрешает чтение и поиск в по каталогу, а " "также чтение обычных файлов." #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "SEE ALSO" msgstr "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "B(2), B(7), B(7), B(7)" msgstr "B(2), B(7), B(7), B(7)" #. type: TH #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "2023-02-05" msgstr "5 февраля 2023 г." #. type: TH #: debian-bookworm #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03" msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.03" #. type: SS #: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid ". and .." msgstr ". и .." #. type: TH #: fedora-40 mageia-cauldron #, no-wrap msgid "2023-10-31" msgstr "31 октября 2023 г." #. type: TH #: fedora-40 mageia-cauldron #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06" msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.06" #. type: TH #: fedora-rawhide #, no-wrap msgid "2024-02-18" msgstr "18 февраля 2024 г." #. type: TH #: fedora-rawhide #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7" msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.7" #. type: TH #: opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04" msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.04" #. type: TH #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7" msgid "Linux man-pages (unreleased)" msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.7"