# Russian translation of manpages # This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package. # Copyright © of this file: # Azamat Hackimov , 2013, 2016. # Dmitriy Ovchinnikov , 2012. # Dmitry Bolkhovskikh , 2017. # Katrin Kutepova , 2018. # Yuri Kozlov , 2011-2019. # Иван Павлов , 2017. msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: manpages-l10n\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-06-01 06:33+0200\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2019-10-15 18:59+0300\n" "Last-Translator: Yuri Kozlov \n" "Language-Team: Russian \n" "Language: ru\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=4; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n" "%10<=4 && (n%100<12 || n%100>14) ? 1 : n%10==0 || (n%10>=5 && n%10<=9) || (n" "%100>=11 && n%100<=14)? 2 : 3);\n" "X-Generator: Lokalize 2.0\n" #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "UTF-8" msgstr "UTF-8" #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "2024-05-02" msgstr "2 мая 2024 г." #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-unstable #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7" msgid "Linux man-pages 6.8" msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.7" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "NAME" msgstr "ИМЯ" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "UTF-8 - an ASCII compatible multibyte Unicode encoding" msgstr "UTF-8 - ASCII-совместимая многобайтовая юникодная кодировка" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "DESCRIPTION" msgstr "ОПИСАНИЕ" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "The Unicode 3.0 character set occupies a 16-bit code space. The most " #| "obvious Unicode encoding (known as UCS-2) consists of a sequence of 16-" #| "bit words. Such strings can contain\\(emas part of many 16-bit characters" #| "\\(embytes such as \\(aq\\e0\\(aq or \\(aq/\\(aq, which have a special " #| "meaning in filenames and other C library function arguments. In " #| "addition, the majority of UNIX tools expect ASCII files and can't read 16-" #| "bit words as characters without major modifications. For these reasons, " #| "UCS-2 is not a suitable external encoding of Unicode in filenames, text " #| "files, environment variables, and so on. The ISO 10646 Universal " #| "Character Set (UCS), a superset of Unicode, occupies an even larger code " #| "space\\(em31\\ bits\\(emand the obvious UCS-4 encoding for it (a sequence " #| "of 32-bit words) has the same problems." msgid "" "The Unicode 3.0 character set occupies a 16-bit code space. The most " "obvious Unicode encoding (known as UCS-2) consists of a sequence of 16-bit " "words. Such strings can contain\\[em]as part of many 16-bit characters" "\\[em]bytes such as \\[aq]\\e0\\[aq] or \\[aq]/\\[aq], which have a special " "meaning in filenames and other C library function arguments. In addition, " "the majority of UNIX tools expect ASCII files and can't read 16-bit words as " "characters without major modifications. For these reasons, UCS-2 is not a " "suitable external encoding of Unicode in filenames, text files, environment " "variables, and so on. The ISO/IEC 10646 Universal Character Set (UCS), a " "superset of Unicode, occupies an even larger code space\\[em]31\\ bits" "\\[em]and the obvious UCS-4 encoding for it (a sequence of 32-bit words) has " "the same problems." msgstr "" "Набор символов Unicode 3.0 занимает 16-битное кодовое пространство. Наиболее " "распространённая юникодная кодировка, известная как UCS-2, содержит " "последовательности 16-битных слов. Закодированные таким образом строки могут " "состоять из частей 16-битных символов например, \\(aq\\e0\\(aq или \\(aq/" "\\(aq, которые имеют специальное значение в именах файлов и других " "параметрах функций библиотеки языка Си. Кроме того, большинство утилит UNIX " "предназначено для обработки ASCII-файлов и не может воспринимать 16-битные " "слова как символы. По этим причинам UCS-2 является неподходящей кодировкой " "Юникода для имён файлов, текстовых файлов, переменных окружения и т.д. Набор " "ISO Universal Character Set (UCS), расширенный набор Юникода, занимает " "более 31-битного кодового пространства, а используемая для него кодировка " "UCS-4 (последовательность 32-битных слов) имеет те же недостатки, что и " "описанные выше." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The UTF-8 encoding of Unicode and UCS does not have these problems and is " "the common way in which Unicode is used on UNIX-style operating systems." msgstr "" "Кодировка UTF-8 для представления Юникода и UCS лишена этих недостатков и " "поэтому в UNIX-подобных операционных системах используется наиболее часто." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Properties" msgstr "Свойства" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "The UTF-8 encoding has the following nice properties:" msgstr "Кодировка UTF-8 обладает следующими полезными свойствами:" #. type: IP #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-rawhide opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "\\[bu]" msgstr "\\[bu]" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-rawhide opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "UCS characters 0x00000000 to 0x0000007f (the classic US-ASCII characters) " #| "are encoded simply as bytes 0x00 to 0x7f (ASCII compatibility). This " #| "means that files and strings which contain only 7-bit ASCII characters " #| "have the same encoding under both ASCII and UTF-8 ." msgid "" "UCS characters 0x00000000 to 0x0000007f (the classic US-ASCII characters) " "are encoded simply as bytes 0x00 to 0x7f (ASCII compatibility). This means " "that files and strings which contain only 7-bit ASCII characters have the " "same encoding under both ASCII and UTF-8." msgstr "" "UCS-символы с кодами от 0x00000000 до 0x0000007f (стандартный набор US-" "ASCII) кодируются как байты с кодами от 0x00 до 0x7f (для совместимости с " "кодовой таблицей ASCII). Это означает, что файлы и строки, содержащие только " "7-битные ASCII-символы, будут иметь одинаковое представление как в ASCII так " "и в UTF-8." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "All UCS characters greater than 0x7f are encoded as a multibyte sequence " #| "consisting only of bytes in the range 0x80 to 0xfd, so no ASCII byte can " #| "appear as part of another character and there are no problems with, for " #| "example, \\(aq\\e0\\(aq or \\(aq/\\(aq." msgid "" "All UCS characters greater than 0x7f are encoded as a multibyte sequence " "consisting only of bytes in the range 0x80 to 0xfd, so no ASCII byte can " "appear as part of another character and there are no problems with, for " "example, \\[aq]\\e0\\[aq] or \\[aq]/\\[aq]." msgstr "" "Все UCS-символы с кодами больше чем 0x7f кодируются как многобайтовые " "последовательности, содержащие только байты в диапазоне от 0x80 до 0xfd, так " "что ASCII-байты не могут оказаться частью другого символа и, как следствие, " "не будет проблем с использованием \\(aq\\e0\\(aq или \\(aq/\\(aq." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "The lexicographic sorting order of UCS-4 strings is preserved." msgstr "" "Сохраняется лексикографический порядок сортировки строк как в кодировке " "UCS-4." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "All possible 2^31 UCS codes can be encoded using UTF-8." msgid "All possible 2\\[ha]31 UCS codes can be encoded using UTF-8." msgstr "При помощи UTF-8 могут быть закодированы все 2^31 значения UCS." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The bytes 0xc0, 0xc1, 0xfe, and 0xff are never used in the UTF-8 encoding." msgstr "" "В кодировке UTF-8 никогда не используются байты с кодами 0xc0, 0xc1, 0xfe и " "0xff." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The first byte of a multibyte sequence which represents a single non-ASCII " "UCS character is always in the range 0xc2 to 0xfd and indicates how long " "this multibyte sequence is. All further bytes in a multibyte sequence are " "in the range 0x80 to 0xbf. This allows easy resynchronization and makes the " "encoding stateless and robust against missing bytes." msgstr "" "Первый байт многобайтовой последовательности, представляющей один не ASCII " "UCS-символ, всегда находится в диапазоне от 0xc2 до 0xfd и указывает на " "длину многобайтовой последовательности. Все последующие байты в " "многобайтовой последовательности находятся в диапазоне от 0x80 до 0xbf. Это " "позволяет облегчить ресинхронизацию, устраняет необходимость учитывать " "состояние кодировки (statelessness) и делает кодировку независимой от " "пропущенных байтов." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "UTF-8 encoded UCS characters may be up to six bytes long, however the " "Unicode standard specifies no characters above 0x10ffff, so Unicode " "characters can be only up to four bytes long in UTF-8." msgstr "" "Символы UCS, закодированные в UTF-8, могут занимать до шести байтов, однако " "в стандарте Юникода не определены символы выше 0x10ffff, поэтому в UTF-8 " "юникодные символы могут иметь максимальный размер 4 байта." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Encoding" msgstr "Кодирование" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The following byte sequences are used to represent a character. The " "sequence to be used depends on the UCS code number of the character:" msgstr "" "Приведённые ниже последовательности байтов используются для отображения " "символа. Конкретная последовательность зависит от номера символа в кодировке " "UCS:" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "0x00000000 - 0x0000007F:" msgstr "0x00000000 - 0x0000007F:" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "0I" msgstr "0I" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "0x00000080 - 0x000007FF:" msgstr "0x00000080 - 0x000007FF:" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "110I 10I" msgstr "110I 10I" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "0x00000800 - 0x0000FFFF:" msgstr "0x00000800 - 0x0000FFFF:" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "1110I 10I 10I" msgstr "1110I 10I 10I" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "0x00010000 - 0x001FFFFF:" msgstr "0x00010000 - 0x001FFFFF:" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "11110I 10I 10I 10I" msgstr "11110I 10I 10I 10I" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "0x00200000 - 0x03FFFFFF:" msgstr "0x00200000 - 0x03FFFFFF:" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "111110I 10I 10I 10I 10I" msgstr "111110I 10I 10I 10I 10I" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "0x04000000 - 0x7FFFFFFF:" msgstr "0x04000000 - 0x7FFFFFFF:" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "1111110I 10I 10I 10I 10I 10I" msgstr "" "1111110I 10I 10I 10I 10I 10I" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The I bit positions are filled with the bits of the character code " "number in binary representation, most significant bit first (big-endian). " "Only the shortest possible multibyte sequence which can represent the code " "number of the character can be used." msgstr "" "Позиции битов, обозначенные как I, заполняются соответствующими битами " "из кода символа в двоичном виде, наиболее значимый бит первый (прямой " "порядок байт).Используется самая короткая из возможных многобайтовых " "последовательностей, которые могут представить код символа." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "The UCS code values 0xd800\\(en0xdfff (UTF-16 surrogates) as well as " #| "0xfffe and 0xffff (UCS noncharacters) should not appear in conforming " #| "UTF-8 streams. According to RFC 3629 no point above U+10FFFF should be " #| "used, which limits characters to four bytes." msgid "" "The UCS code values 0xd800\\[en]0xdfff (UTF-16 surrogates) as well as 0xfffe " "and 0xffff (UCS noncharacters) should not appear in conforming UTF-8 " "streams. According to RFC 3629 no point above U+10FFFF should be used, " "which limits characters to four bytes." msgstr "" "Значения кодов UCS 0xd00\\(en0xdfff (суррогаты UTF-16), а также 0xfffe и " "0xffff (не символьные значения UCS), не должны появляться в потоках UTF-8. " "Согласно RFC 3629 точки выше U+10FFFF не должны использоваться, что " "ограничивает символы четырьмя байтами." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Example" msgstr "Пример" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The Unicode character 0xa9 = 1010 1001 (the copyright sign) is encoded in " "UTF-8 as" msgstr "" "Символ Юникода с кодом 0xa9 = 1010 1001 (знак авторского права) кодируется в " "UTF-8 как" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "11000010 10101001 = 0xc2 0xa9" msgstr "11000010 10101001 = 0xc2 0xa9" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "and character 0x2260 = 0010 0010 0110 0000 (the \"not equal\" symbol) is " "encoded as:" msgstr "" "а символ с кодом 0x2260 = 0010 0010 0110 0000 (знак неравенства) кодируется " "так:" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "11100010 10001001 10100000 = 0xe2 0x89 0xa0" msgstr "11100010 10001001 10100000 = 0xe2 0x89 0xa0" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Application notes" msgstr "Замечания к применению" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Users have to select a UTF-8 locale, for example with" msgstr "Например, с помощью " #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "export LANG=en_GB.UTF-8" msgstr "export LANG=en_GB.UTF-8" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "in order to activate the UTF-8 support in applications." msgstr "" "пользователи должны выбрать локаль UTF-8 для включения поддержки UTF-8 в " "приложениях." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Application software that has to be aware of the used character encoding " "should always set the locale with for example" msgstr "" "Программы, в которых учитывается используемая пользователем кодировка, " "должны всегда устанавливать локаль с помощью" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "setlocale(LC_CTYPE, \"\")" msgstr "setlocale(LC_CTYPE, \"\")" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "and programmers can then test the expression" msgstr "и затем проверять выражением" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "strcmp(nl_langinfo(CODESET), \"UTF-8\") == 0" msgstr "strcmp(nl_langinfo(CODESET), \"UTF-8\") == 0" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "to determine whether a UTF-8 locale has been selected and whether " #| "therefore all plaintext standard input and output, terminal " #| "communication, plaintext file content, filenames and environment " #| "variables are encoded in UTF-8." msgid "" "to determine whether a UTF-8 locale has been selected and whether therefore " "all plaintext standard input and output, terminal communication, plaintext " "file content, filenames, and environment variables are encoded in UTF-8." msgstr "" "что локаль UTF-8 выбрана и во всех стандартных текстовых потоках ввода и " "вывода, на терминалах, в содержимом простых текстовых файлов, именах файлов " "и переменных окружения будет использоваться кодировка UTF-8." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Programmers accustomed to single-byte encodings such as US-ASCII or ISO " #| "8859 have to be aware that two assumptions made so far are no longer " #| "valid in UTF-8 locales. Firstly, a single byte does not necessarily " #| "correspond any more to a single character. Secondly, since modern " #| "terminal emulators in UTF-8 mode also support Chinese, Japanese, and " #| "Korean double-width characters as well as nonspacing combining " #| "characters, outputting a single character does not necessarily advance " #| "the cursor by one position as it did in ASCII. Library functions such as " #| "B(3) and B(3) should be used today to count " #| "characters and cursor positions." msgid "" "Programmers accustomed to single-byte encodings such as US-ASCII or ISO/IEC" "\\ 8859 have to be aware that two assumptions made so far are no longer " "valid in UTF-8 locales. Firstly, a single byte does not necessarily " "correspond any more to a single character. Secondly, since modern terminal " "emulators in UTF-8 mode also support Chinese, Japanese, and Korean double-" "width characters as well as nonspacing combining characters, outputting a " "single character does not necessarily advance the cursor by one position as " "it did in ASCII. Library functions such as B(3) and " "B(3) should be used today to count characters and cursor " "positions." msgstr "" "Программисты, привыкшие к однобайтовым кодировкам, таким как, US-ASCII или " "ISO 8859, должны учесть, что два предположения, действовавших ранее, в " "локалях UTF-8 не работают. Первое: один байт теперь не обязательно " "соответствует одному символу. Второе: современные эмуляторы терминала в " "режиме UTF-8 также поддерживают китайские, японские и корейские символы " "двойной ширины (double-width characters), а также комбинированные символы " "без пробелов, и вывод одного символа необязательно смещает курсор на одну " "позицию, как это было в ASCII. Для подсчёта количества символов и позиций " "курсора нужно использовать библиотечные функции, такие как B(3) и " "B(3)." #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "The official ESC sequence to switch from an ISO 2022 encoding scheme (as " #| "used for instance by VT100 terminals) to UTF-8 is ESC % G (\"\\ex1b%G" #| "\"). The corresponding return sequence from UTF-8 to ISO 2022 is ESC % @ " #| "(\"\\ex1b%@\"). Other ISO 2022 sequences (such as for switching the G0 " #| "and G1 sets) are not applicable in UTF-8 mode." msgid "" "The official ESC sequence to switch from an ISO/IEC\\ 2022 encoding scheme " "(as used for instance by VT100 terminals) to UTF-8 is ESC % G (\"\\ex1b%G" "\"). The corresponding return sequence from UTF-8 to ISO/IEC\\ 2022 is ESC " "% @ (\"\\ex1b%@\"). Other ISO/IEC\\ 2022 sequences (such as for switching " "the G0 and G1 sets) are not applicable in UTF-8 mode." msgstr "" "Стандартной ESC-последовательностью для переключения из схемы кодировки ISO " "2022 (используется в терминалах VT100) в UTF-8 является ESC % G (\"\\ex1b%G" "\"). Соответственно, обратной последовательностью для переключения из UTF-8 " "в ISO 2022 будет ESC % @ (\"\\ex1b%@\"). Остальные последовательности ISO " "2022 (такие, как переключение в наборы G0 и G1) в режиме UTF-8 не работают." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Security" msgstr "Безопасность" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The Unicode and UCS standards require that producers of UTF-8 shall use the " "shortest form possible, for example, producing a two-byte sequence with " "first byte 0xc0 is nonconforming. Unicode 3.1 has added the requirement " "that conforming programs must not accept non-shortest forms in their input. " "This is for security reasons: if user input is checked for possible security " "violations, a program might check only for the ASCII version of \"/../\" or " "\";\" or NUL and overlook that there are many non-ASCII ways to represent " "these things in a non-shortest UTF-8 encoding." msgstr "" "Стандарты Юникода и UCS требуют, чтобы генераторы UTF-8 использовали самую " "короткую возможную форму представления символов, то есть создание " "двухбайтной последовательности с первым байтом, равным 0xc0, запрещено. В " "стандарте Unicode 3.1 это правило расширено и запрещает программам " "воспринимать не самую короткую форму при вводе. Это сделано из соображений " "безопасности: если вводимые пользователем символы проверяются системой " "безопасности на возможные нарушения, то программам остаётся проверить только " "ASCII версии символов «/../», «;» или NUL, так как для этих символов может " "быть очень много не ASCII способов представления при не самом коротком " "кодировании в UTF-8." #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Standards" msgstr "Стандарты" #. .SH AUTHOR #. Markus Kuhn #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "ISO/IEC 10646-1:2000, Unicode 3.1, RFC\\ 3629, Plan 9." msgstr "ISO/IEC 10646-1:2000, Unicode 3.1, RFC\\ 3629, Plan 9." #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "SEE ALSO" msgstr "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "B(1), B(3), B(3), B(7), " "B(7)" msgstr "" "B(1), B(3), B(3), B(7), " "B(7)" #. type: TH #: debian-bookworm #, no-wrap msgid "2023-02-10" msgstr "10 февраля 2023 г." #. type: TH #: debian-bookworm #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03" msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.03" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "The Unicode 3.0 character set occupies a 16-bit code space. The most " #| "obvious Unicode encoding (known as UCS-2) consists of a sequence of 16-" #| "bit words. Such strings can contain\\(emas part of many 16-bit characters" #| "\\(embytes such as \\(aq\\e0\\(aq or \\(aq/\\(aq, which have a special " #| "meaning in filenames and other C library function arguments. In " #| "addition, the majority of UNIX tools expect ASCII files and can't read 16-" #| "bit words as characters without major modifications. For these reasons, " #| "UCS-2 is not a suitable external encoding of Unicode in filenames, text " #| "files, environment variables, and so on. The ISO 10646 Universal " #| "Character Set (UCS), a superset of Unicode, occupies an even larger code " #| "space\\(em31\\ bits\\(emand the obvious UCS-4 encoding for it (a sequence " #| "of 32-bit words) has the same problems." msgid "" "The Unicode 3.0 character set occupies a 16-bit code space. The most " "obvious Unicode encoding (known as UCS-2) consists of a sequence of 16-bit " "words. Such strings can contain\\[em]as part of many 16-bit characters" "\\[em]bytes such as \\[aq]\\e0\\[aq] or \\[aq]/\\[aq], which have a special " "meaning in filenames and other C library function arguments. In addition, " "the majority of UNIX tools expect ASCII files and can't read 16-bit words as " "characters without major modifications. For these reasons, UCS-2 is not a " "suitable external encoding of Unicode in filenames, text files, environment " "variables, and so on. The ISO 10646 Universal Character Set (UCS), a " "superset of Unicode, occupies an even larger code space\\[em]31\\ bits" "\\[em]and the obvious UCS-4 encoding for it (a sequence of 32-bit words) has " "the same problems." msgstr "" "Набор символов Unicode 3.0 занимает 16-битное кодовое пространство. Наиболее " "распространённая юникодная кодировка, известная как UCS-2, содержит " "последовательности 16-битных слов. Закодированные таким образом строки могут " "состоять из частей 16-битных символов например, \\(aq\\e0\\(aq или \\(aq/" "\\(aq, которые имеют специальное значение в именах файлов и других " "параметрах функций библиотеки языка Си. Кроме того, большинство утилит UNIX " "предназначено для обработки ASCII-файлов и не может воспринимать 16-битные " "слова как символы. По этим причинам UCS-2 является неподходящей кодировкой " "Юникода для имён файлов, текстовых файлов, переменных окружения и т.д. Набор " "ISO Universal Character Set (UCS), расширенный набор Юникода, занимает " "более 31-битного кодового пространства, а используемая для него кодировка " "UCS-4 (последовательность 32-битных слов) имеет те же недостатки, что и " "описанные выше." #. type: TP #: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "*" msgstr "*" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "UCS characters 0x00000000 to 0x0000007f (the classic US-ASCII characters) " "are encoded simply as bytes 0x00 to 0x7f (ASCII compatibility). This means " "that files and strings which contain only 7-bit ASCII characters have the " "same encoding under both ASCII and UTF-8 ." msgstr "" "UCS-символы с кодами от 0x00000000 до 0x0000007f (стандартный набор US-" "ASCII) кодируются как байты с кодами от 0x00 до 0x7f (для совместимости с " "кодовой таблицей ASCII). Это означает, что файлы и строки, содержащие только " "7-битные ASCII-символы, будут иметь одинаковое представление как в ASCII так " "и в UTF-8." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "Programmers accustomed to single-byte encodings such as US-ASCII or ISO 8859 " "have to be aware that two assumptions made so far are no longer valid in " "UTF-8 locales. Firstly, a single byte does not necessarily correspond any " "more to a single character. Secondly, since modern terminal emulators in " "UTF-8 mode also support Chinese, Japanese, and Korean double-width " "characters as well as nonspacing combining characters, outputting a single " "character does not necessarily advance the cursor by one position as it did " "in ASCII. Library functions such as B(3) and B(3) " "should be used today to count characters and cursor positions." msgstr "" "Программисты, привыкшие к однобайтовым кодировкам, таким как, US-ASCII или " "ISO 8859, должны учесть, что два предположения, действовавших ранее, в " "локалях UTF-8 не работают. Первое: один байт теперь не обязательно " "соответствует одному символу. Второе: современные эмуляторы терминала в " "режиме UTF-8 также поддерживают китайские, японские и корейские символы " "двойной ширины (double-width characters), а также комбинированные символы " "без пробелов, и вывод одного символа необязательно смещает курсор на одну " "позицию, как это было в ASCII. Для подсчёта количества символов и позиций " "курсора нужно использовать библиотечные функции, такие как B(3) и " "B(3)." #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "" "The official ESC sequence to switch from an ISO 2022 encoding scheme (as " "used for instance by VT100 terminals) to UTF-8 is ESC % G (\"\\ex1b%G\"). " "The corresponding return sequence from UTF-8 to ISO 2022 is ESC % @ (\"\\ex1b" "%@\"). Other ISO 2022 sequences (such as for switching the G0 and G1 sets) " "are not applicable in UTF-8 mode." msgstr "" "Стандартной ESC-последовательностью для переключения из схемы кодировки ISO " "2022 (используется в терминалах VT100) в UTF-8 является ESC % G (\"\\ex1b%G" "\"). Соответственно, обратной последовательностью для переключения из UTF-8 " "в ISO 2022 будет ESC % @ (\"\\ex1b%@\"). Остальные последовательности ISO " "2022 (такие, как переключение в наборы G0 и G1) в режиме UTF-8 не работают." #. type: TH #: fedora-40 mageia-cauldron #, no-wrap msgid "2024-01-28" msgstr "28 января 2024 г." #. type: TH #: fedora-40 mageia-cauldron #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06" msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.06" #. type: TH #: fedora-rawhide #, no-wrap msgid "2024-03-14" msgstr "14 марта 2024 г." #. type: TH #: fedora-rawhide #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7" msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.7" #. type: TH #: opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "2023-03-12" msgstr "12 марта 2023 г." #. type: TH #: opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04" msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.04" #. type: TH #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, fuzzy, no-wrap #| msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7" msgid "Linux man-pages (unreleased)" msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.7"