# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-06-01 06:04+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "mprotect"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "2024-05-02"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-unstable
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.8"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "mprotect, pkey_mprotect - set protection on a region of memory"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "LIBRARY"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Standard C library (I<libc>, I<-lc>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SYNOPSIS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int mprotect(void >I<addr>B<[.>I<len>B<], size_t >I<len>B<, int >I<prot>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<#define _GNU_SOURCE>             /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
"B<#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int pkey_mprotect(void >I<addr>B<[.>I<len>B<], size_t >I<len>B<, int >I<prot>B<, int >I<pkey>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<mprotect>()  changes the access protections for the calling process's "
"memory pages containing any part of the address range in the interval "
"[I<addr>,\\ I<addr>+I<len>-1].  I<addr> must be aligned to a page boundary."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If the calling process tries to access memory in a manner that violates the "
"protections, then the kernel generates a B<SIGSEGV> signal for the process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<prot> is a combination of the following access flags: B<PROT_NONE> or a "
"bitwise OR of the other values in the following list:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PROT_NONE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The memory cannot be accessed at all."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PROT_READ>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The memory can be read."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PROT_WRITE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The memory can be modified."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PROT_EXEC>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The memory can be executed."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PROT_SEM> (since Linux 2.5.7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The memory can be used for atomic operations.  This flag was introduced as "
"part of the B<futex>(2)  implementation (in order to guarantee the ability "
"to perform atomic operations required by commands such as B<FUTEX_WAIT>), "
"but is not currently used in on any architecture."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PROT_SAO> (since Linux 2.6.26)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit aba46c5027cb59d98052231b36efcbbde9c77a1d
#.  commit ef3d3246a0d06be622867d21af25f997aeeb105f
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The memory should have strong access ordering.  This feature is specific to "
"the PowerPC architecture (version 2.06 of the architecture specification "
"adds the SAO CPU feature, and it is available on POWER 7 or PowerPC A2, for "
"example)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Additionally (since Linux 2.6.0), I<prot> can have one of the following "
"flags set:"
msgstr ""

#.  mm/mmap.c:
#. 	vm_flags |= calc_vm_prot_bits(prot, pkey) | calc_vm_flag_bits(flags) |
#. 			mm->def_flags | VM_MAYREAD | VM_MAYWRITE | VM_MAYEXEC;
#.  And calc_vm_flag_bits converts only GROWSDOWN/DENYWRITE/LOCKED.
#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PROT_GROWSUP>"
msgstr ""

#.  The VMA is one that was marked with VM_GROWSUP by the kernel
#.  when the stack was created. Note that (unlike VM_GROWSDOWN),
#.  there is no mmap() flag (analogous to MAP_GROWSDOWN) for
#.  creating a VMA that is marked VM_GROWSUP.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Apply the protection mode up to the end of a mapping that grows upwards.  "
"(Such mappings are created for the stack area on architectures\\[em]for "
"example, HP-PARISC\\[em]that have an upwardly growing stack.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PROT_GROWSDOWN>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Apply the protection mode down to the beginning of a mapping that grows "
"downward (which should be a stack segment or a segment mapped with the "
"B<MAP_GROWSDOWN> flag set)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Like B<mprotect>(), B<pkey_mprotect>()  changes the protection on the pages "
"specified by I<addr> and I<len>.  The I<pkey> argument specifies the "
"protection key (see B<pkeys>(7))  to assign to the memory.  The protection "
"key must be allocated with B<pkey_alloc>(2)  before it is passed to "
"B<pkey_mprotect>().  For an example of the use of this system call, see "
"B<pkeys>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "RETURN VALUE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On success, B<mprotect>()  and B<pkey_mprotect>()  return zero.  On error, "
"these system calls return -1, and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ERRORS"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EACCES>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The memory cannot be given the specified access.  This can happen, for "
"example, if you B<mmap>(2)  a file to which you have read-only access, then "
"ask B<mprotect>()  to mark it B<PROT_WRITE>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EINVAL>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<addr> is not a valid pointer, or not a multiple of the system page size."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"(B<pkey_mprotect>())  I<pkey> has not been allocated with B<pkey_alloc>(2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Both B<PROT_GROWSUP> and B<PROT_GROWSDOWN> were specified in I<prot>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Invalid flags specified in I<prot>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"(PowerPC architecture)  B<PROT_SAO> was specified in I<prot>, but SAO "
"hardware feature is not available."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOMEM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Internal kernel structures could not be allocated."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Addresses in the range [I<addr>, I<addr>+I<len>-1] are invalid for the "
"address space of the process, or specify one or more pages that are not "
"mapped.  (Before Linux 2.4.19, the error B<EFAULT> was incorrectly produced "
"for these cases.)"
msgstr ""

#.  I.e., the number of VMAs would exceed the 64 kB maximum
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Changing the protection of a memory region would result in the total number "
"of mappings with distinct attributes (e.g., read versus read/write "
"protection)  exceeding the allowed maximum.  (For example, making the "
"protection of a range B<PROT_READ> in the middle of a region currently "
"protected as B<PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE> would result in three mappings: two "
"read/write mappings at each end and a read-only mapping in the middle.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "VERSIONS"
msgstr ""

#.  SVr4 defines an additional error
#.  code EAGAIN. The SVr4 error conditions don't map neatly onto Linux's.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"POSIX says that the behavior of B<mprotect>()  is unspecified if it is "
"applied to a region of memory that was not obtained via B<mmap>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On Linux, it is always permissible to call B<mprotect>()  on any address in "
"a process's address space (except for the kernel vsyscall area).  In "
"particular, it can be used to change existing code mappings to be writable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Whether B<PROT_EXEC> has any effect different from B<PROT_READ> depends on "
"processor architecture, kernel version, and process state.  If "
"B<READ_IMPLIES_EXEC> is set in the process's personality flags (see "
"B<personality>(2)), specifying B<PROT_READ> will implicitly add B<PROT_EXEC>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On some hardware architectures (e.g., i386), B<PROT_WRITE> implies "
"B<PROT_READ>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"POSIX.1 says that an implementation may permit access other than that "
"specified in I<prot>, but at a minimum can allow write access only if "
"B<PROT_WRITE> has been set, and must not allow any access if B<PROT_NONE> "
"has been set."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Applications should be careful when mixing use of B<mprotect>()  and "
"B<pkey_mprotect>().  On x86, when B<mprotect>()  is used with I<prot> set to "
"B<PROT_EXEC> a pkey may be allocated and set on the memory implicitly by the "
"kernel, but only when the pkey was 0 previously."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On systems that do not support protection keys in hardware, "
"B<pkey_mprotect>()  may still be used, but I<pkey> must be set to -1.  When "
"called this way, the operation of B<pkey_mprotect>()  is equivalent to "
"B<mprotect>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "STANDARDS"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<mprotect>()"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "POSIX.1-2008."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<pkey_mprotect>()"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Linux."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "HISTORY"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "POSIX.1-2001, SVr4."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Linux 4.9, glibc 2.27."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "EXAMPLES"
msgstr ""

#.  sigaction.2 refers to this example
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The program below demonstrates the use of B<mprotect>().  The program "
"allocates four pages of memory, makes the third of these pages read-only, "
"and then executes a loop that walks upward through the allocated region "
"modifying bytes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"An example of what we might see when running the program is the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$B< ./a.out>\n"
"Start of region:        0x804c000\n"
"Got SIGSEGV at address: 0x804e000\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Program source"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#include E<lt>malloc.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>signal.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
"\\&\n"
"#define handle_error(msg) \\e\n"
"    do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)\n"
"\\&\n"
"static char *buffer;\n"
"\\&\n"
"static void\n"
"handler(int sig, siginfo_t *si, void *unused)\n"
"{\n"
"    /* Note: calling printf() from a signal handler is not safe\n"
"       (and should not be done in production programs), since\n"
"       printf() is not async-signal-safe; see signal-safety(7).\n"
"       Nevertheless, we use printf() here as a simple way of\n"
"       showing that the handler was called. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    printf(\"Got SIGSEGV at address: %p\\en\", si-E<gt>si_addr);\n"
"    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"}\n"
"\\&\n"
"int\n"
"main(void)\n"
"{\n"
"    int               pagesize;\n"
"    struct sigaction  sa;\n"
"\\&\n"
"    sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;\n"
"    sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);\n"
"    sa.sa_sigaction = handler;\n"
"    if (sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sa, NULL) == -1)\n"
"        handle_error(\"sigaction\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    pagesize = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);\n"
"    if (pagesize == -1)\n"
"        handle_error(\"sysconf\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Allocate a buffer aligned on a page boundary;\n"
"       initial protection is PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    buffer = memalign(pagesize, 4 * pagesize);\n"
"    if (buffer == NULL)\n"
"        handle_error(\"memalign\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    printf(\"Start of region:        %p\\en\", buffer);\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (mprotect(buffer + pagesize * 2, pagesize,\n"
"                 PROT_READ) == -1)\n"
"        handle_error(\"mprotect\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    for (char *p = buffer ; ; )\n"
"        *(p++) = \\[aq]a\\[aq];\n"
"\\&\n"
"    printf(\"Loop completed\\en\");     /* Should never happen */\n"
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#.  SRC END
#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<sysconf>(3), B<pkeys>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-02-05"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"I<prot> is a combination of the following access flags: B<PROT_NONE> or a "
"bitwise-or of the other values in the following list:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid ""
"B<pkey_mprotect>()  first appeared in Linux 4.9; library support was added "
"in glibc 2.27."
msgstr ""

#.  SVr4 defines an additional error
#.  code EAGAIN. The SVr4 error conditions don't map neatly onto Linux's.
#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid ""
"B<mprotect>(): POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4.  POSIX says that the "
"behavior of B<mprotect>()  is unspecified if it is applied to a region of "
"memory that was not obtained via B<mmap>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid "B<pkey_mprotect>()  is a nonportable Linux extension."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#include E<lt>malloc.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>signal.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define handle_error(msg) \\e\n"
"    do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "static char *buffer;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"static void\n"
"handler(int sig, siginfo_t *si, void *unused)\n"
"{\n"
"    /* Note: calling printf() from a signal handler is not safe\n"
"       (and should not be done in production programs), since\n"
"       printf() is not async-signal-safe; see signal-safety(7).\n"
"       Nevertheless, we use printf() here as a simple way of\n"
"       showing that the handler was called. */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    printf(\"Got SIGSEGV at address: %p\\en\", si-E<gt>si_addr);\n"
"    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"main(void)\n"
"{\n"
"    int               pagesize;\n"
"    struct sigaction  sa;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;\n"
"    sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);\n"
"    sa.sa_sigaction = handler;\n"
"    if (sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sa, NULL) == -1)\n"
"        handle_error(\"sigaction\");\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    pagesize = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);\n"
"    if (pagesize == -1)\n"
"        handle_error(\"sysconf\");\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    /* Allocate a buffer aligned on a page boundary;\n"
"       initial protection is PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE. */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    buffer = memalign(pagesize, 4 * pagesize);\n"
"    if (buffer == NULL)\n"
"        handle_error(\"memalign\");\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "    printf(\"Start of region:        %p\\en\", buffer);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (mprotect(buffer + pagesize * 2, pagesize,\n"
"                 PROT_READ) == -1)\n"
"        handle_error(\"mprotect\");\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    for (char *p = buffer ; ; )\n"
"        *(p++) = \\[aq]a\\[aq];\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    printf(\"Loop completed\\en\");     /* Should never happen */\n"
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-10-31"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: fedora-40 mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: fedora-rawhide
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-03-30"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
msgstr ""