# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-06-01 05:43+0200\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "boot" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "2024-05-02" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-unstable #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.8" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "NAME" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "boot - System bootup process based on UNIX System V Release 4" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "DESCRIPTION" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The B (or \"B\") varies in details among " "systems, but can be roughly divided into phases controlled by the following " "components:" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "(1)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "hardware" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "(2)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "operating system (OS) loader" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "(3)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "kernel" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "(4)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "root user-space process (I and I)" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "(5)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "boot scripts" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "Each of these is described below in more detail." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Hardware" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "After power-on or hard reset, control is given to a program stored in read-" "only memory (normally PROM); for historical reasons involving the personal " "computer, this program is often called \"the B\"." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "This program normally performs a basic self-test of the machine and accesses " "nonvolatile memory to read further parameters. This memory in the PC is " "battery-backed CMOS memory, so most people refer to it as \"the B\"; " "outside of the PC world, it is usually called \"the B\" (nonvolatile " "RAM)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The parameters stored in the NVRAM vary among systems, but as a minimum, " "they should specify which device can supply an OS loader, or at least which " "devices may be probed for one; such a device is known as \"the B\". The hardware boot stage loads the OS loader from a fixed " "position on the boot device, and then transfers control to it." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Note:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The device from which the OS loader is read may be attached via a network, " "in which case the details of booting are further specified by protocols such " "as DHCP, TFTP, PXE, Etherboot, etc." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "OS loader" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The main job of the OS loader is to locate the kernel on some device, load " "it, and run it. Most OS loaders allow interactive use, in order to enable " "specification of an alternative kernel (maybe a backup in case the one last " "compiled isn't functioning) and to pass optional parameters to the kernel." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "In a traditional PC, the OS loader is located in the initial 512-byte block " "of the boot device; this block is known as \"the B\" (Master Boot " "Record)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "In most systems, the OS loader is very limited due to various constraints. " "Even on non-PC systems, there are some limitations on the size and " "complexity of this loader, but the size limitation of the PC MBR (512 bytes, " "including the partition table) makes it almost impossible to squeeze much " "functionality into it." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Therefore, most systems split the role of loading the OS between a primary " "OS loader and a secondary OS loader; this secondary OS loader may be located " "within a larger portion of persistent storage, such as a disk partition." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "In Linux, the OS loader is often B(8) (an alternative is B(8))." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Kernel" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "When the kernel is loaded, it initializes various components of the computer " "and operating system; each portion of software responsible for such a task " "is usually consider \"a B\" for the applicable component. The " "kernel starts the virtual memory swapper (it is a kernel process, called " "\"kswapd\" in a modern Linux kernel), and mounts some filesystem at the root " "path, I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Some of the parameters that may be passed to the kernel relate to these " "activities (for example, the default root filesystem can be overridden); for " "further information on Linux kernel parameters, read B(7)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Only then does the kernel create the initial userland process, which is " "given the number 1 as its B (process ID). Traditionally, this process " "executes the program I, to which are passed the parameters that " "haven't already been handled by the kernel." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Root user-space process" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The following description applies to an OS based on UNIX System V Release " "4. However, a number of widely used systems have adopted a related but " "fundamentally different approach known as B(1), for which the " "bootup process is detailed in its associated B(7)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "When I starts, it reads I for further " "instructions. This file defines what should be run when the I " "program is instructed to enter a particular run level, giving the " "administrator an easy way to establish an environment for some usage; each " "run level is associated with a set of services (for example, run level B " "is single-user mode, and run level B<2> entails running most network " "services)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The administrator may change the current run level via B(1), and query " "the current run level via B(8)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "However, since it is not convenient to manage individual services by editing " "this file, I only bootstraps a set of scripts that actually " "start/stop the individual services." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Boot scripts" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The following description applies to an OS based on UNIX System V Release " "4. However, a number of widely used systems (Slackware Linux, FreeBSD, " "OpenBSD) have a somewhat different scheme for boot scripts." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "For each managed service (mail, nfs server, cron, etc.), there is a single " "startup script located in a specific directory (I in most " "versions of Linux). Each of these scripts accepts as a single argument the " "word \"start\" (causing it to start the service) or the word \\&\"stop\" " "(causing it to stop the service). The script may optionally accept other " "\"convenience\" parameters (e.g., \"restart\" to stop and then start, " "\"status\" to display the service status, etc.). Running the script without " "parameters displays the possible arguments." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Sequencing directories" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "To make specific scripts start/stop at specific run levels and in a specific " "order, there are I, normally of the form I. In each of these directories, there are links (usually " "symbolic) to the scripts in the I directory." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A primary script (usually I) is called from B(5); this " "primary script calls each service's script via a link in the relevant " "sequencing directory. Each link whose name begins with \\[aq]S\\[aq] is " "called with the argument \"start\" (thereby starting the service). Each " "link whose name begins with \\[aq]K\\[aq] is called with the argument " "\"stop\" (thereby stopping the service)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "To define the starting or stopping order within the same run level, the name " "of a link contains an B. Also, for clarity, the name of a " "link usually ends with the name of the service to which it refers. For " "example, the link I starts the B(8) " "service on run level 2. This happens after I is run " "but before I is run." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "To manage these links is to manage the boot order and run levels; under many " "systems, there are tools to help with this task (e.g., B(8))." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Boot configuration" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A program that provides a service is often called a \"B\". Usually, " "a daemon may receive various command-line options and parameters. To allow " "a system administrator to change these inputs without editing an entire boot " "script, some separate configuration file is used, and is located in a " "specific directory where an associated boot script may find it (I on older Red Hat systems)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "In older UNIX systems, such a file contained the actual command line options " "for a daemon, but in modern Linux systems (and also in HP-UX), it just " "contains shell variables. A boot script in I reads and " "includes its configuration file (that is, it \"B\" its " "configuration file) and then uses the variable values." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "FILES" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "I, I, I" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "SEE ALSO" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "B(1), B(1), B(5), B(7), B(7), " "B(8), B(8)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: debian-bookworm #, no-wrap msgid "2023-02-05" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: debian-bookworm #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6 msgid "In Linux, the OS loader is often either B(8) or B(8)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm msgid "" "When I starts, it reads I for further " "instructions. This file defines what should be run when the I " "program is instructed to enter a particular I, giving the " "administrator an easy way to establish an environment for some usage; each " "run-level is associated with a set of services (for example, run-level B " "is I mode, and run-level B<2> entails running most network " "services)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm msgid "" "The administrator may change the current run-level via B(1), and query " "the current run-level via B(8)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm msgid "" "To make specific scripts start/stop at specific run-levels and in a specific " "order, there are I, normally of the form I. In each of these directories, there are links (usually " "symbolic) to the scripts in the I directory." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm msgid "" "To define the starting or stopping order within the same run-level, the name " "of a link contains an B. Also, for clarity, the name of a " "link usually ends with the name of the service to which it refers. For " "example, the link I starts the sendmail service on " "runlevel 2. This happens after I is run but before I is run." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm msgid "" "To manage these links is to manage the boot order and run-levels; under many " "systems, there are tools to help with this task (e.g., B(8))." msgstr "" #. type: TH #: mageia-cauldron #, no-wrap msgid "2023-10-31" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: mageia-cauldron #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "2023-03-12" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages (unreleased)" msgstr ""