# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-06-01 05:44+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "cgroups"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "2024-05-02"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-unstable
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.8"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "cgroups - Linux control groups"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Control groups, usually referred to as cgroups, are a Linux kernel feature "
"which allow processes to be organized into hierarchical groups whose usage "
"of various types of resources can then be limited and monitored.  The "
"kernel's cgroup interface is provided through a pseudo-filesystem called "
"cgroupfs.  Grouping is implemented in the core cgroup kernel code, while "
"resource tracking and limits are implemented in a set of per-resource-type "
"subsystems (memory, CPU, and so on)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Terminology"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A I<cgroup> is a collection of processes that are bound to a set of limits "
"or parameters defined via the cgroup filesystem."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A I<subsystem> is a kernel component that modifies the behavior of the "
"processes in a cgroup.  Various subsystems have been implemented, making it "
"possible to do things such as limiting the amount of CPU time and memory "
"available to a cgroup, accounting for the CPU time used by a cgroup, and "
"freezing and resuming execution of the processes in a cgroup.  Subsystems "
"are sometimes also known as I<resource controllers> (or simply, controllers)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The cgroups for a controller are arranged in a I<hierarchy>.  This hierarchy "
"is defined by creating, removing, and renaming subdirectories within the "
"cgroup filesystem.  At each level of the hierarchy, attributes (e.g., "
"limits) can be defined.  The limits, control, and accounting provided by "
"cgroups generally have effect throughout the subhierarchy underneath the "
"cgroup where the attributes are defined.  Thus, for example, the limits "
"placed on a cgroup at a higher level in the hierarchy cannot be exceeded by "
"descendant cgroups."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Cgroups version 1 and version 2"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The initial release of the cgroups implementation was in Linux 2.6.24.  Over "
"time, various cgroup controllers have been added to allow the management of "
"various types of resources.  However, the development of these controllers "
"was largely uncoordinated, with the result that many inconsistencies arose "
"between controllers and management of the cgroup hierarchies became rather "
"complex.  A longer description of these problems can be found in the kernel "
"source file I<Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst> (or I<Documentation/"
"cgroup-v2.txt> in Linux 4.17 and earlier)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Because of the problems with the initial cgroups implementation (cgroups "
"version 1), starting in Linux 3.10, work began on a new, orthogonal "
"implementation to remedy these problems.  Initially marked experimental, and "
"hidden behind the I<-o\\ __DEVEL__sane_behavior> mount option, the new "
"version (cgroups version 2)  was eventually made official with the release "
"of Linux 4.5.  Differences between the two versions are described in the "
"text below.  The file I<cgroup.sane_behavior>, present in cgroups v1, is a "
"relic of this mount option.  The file always reports \"0\" and is only "
"retained for backward compatibility."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Although cgroups v2 is intended as a replacement for cgroups v1, the older "
"system continues to exist (and for compatibility reasons is unlikely to be "
"removed).  Currently, cgroups v2 implements only a subset of the controllers "
"available in cgroups v1.  The two systems are implemented so that both v1 "
"controllers and v2 controllers can be mounted on the same system.  Thus, for "
"example, it is possible to use those controllers that are supported under "
"version 2, while also using version 1 controllers where version 2 does not "
"yet support those controllers.  The only restriction here is that a "
"controller can't be simultaneously employed in both a cgroups v1 hierarchy "
"and in the cgroups v2 hierarchy."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "CGROUPS VERSION 1"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Under cgroups v1, each controller may be mounted against a separate cgroup "
"filesystem that provides its own hierarchical organization of the processes "
"on the system.  It is also possible to comount multiple (or even all) "
"cgroups v1 controllers against the same cgroup filesystem, meaning that the "
"comounted controllers manage the same hierarchical organization of processes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For each mounted hierarchy, the directory tree mirrors the control group "
"hierarchy.  Each control group is represented by a directory, with each of "
"its child control cgroups represented as a child directory.  For instance, "
"I</user/joe/1.session> represents control group I<1.session>, which is a "
"child of cgroup I<joe>, which is a child of I</user>.  Under each cgroup "
"directory is a set of files which can be read or written to, reflecting "
"resource limits and a few general cgroup properties."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Tasks (threads) versus processes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In cgroups v1, a distinction is drawn between I<processes> and I<tasks>.  In "
"this view, a process can consist of multiple tasks (more commonly called "
"threads, from a user-space perspective, and called such in the remainder of "
"this man page).  In cgroups v1, it is possible to independently manipulate "
"the cgroup memberships of the threads in a process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The cgroups v1 ability to split threads across different cgroups caused "
"problems in some cases.  For example, it made no sense for the I<memory> "
"controller, since all of the threads of a process share a single address "
"space.  Because of these problems, the ability to independently manipulate "
"the cgroup memberships of the threads in a process was removed in the "
"initial cgroups v2 implementation, and subsequently restored in a more "
"limited form (see the discussion of \"thread mode\" below)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Mounting v1 controllers"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The use of cgroups requires a kernel built with the B<CONFIG_CGROUP> "
"option.  In addition, each of the v1 controllers has an associated "
"configuration option that must be set in order to employ that controller."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In order to use a v1 controller, it must be mounted against a cgroup "
"filesystem.  The usual place for such mounts is under a B<tmpfs>(5)  "
"filesystem mounted at I</sys/fs/cgroup>.  Thus, one might mount the I<cpu> "
"controller as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "mount -t cgroup -o cpu none /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"It is possible to comount multiple controllers against the same hierarchy.  "
"For example, here the I<cpu> and I<cpuacct> controllers are comounted "
"against a single hierarchy:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "mount -t cgroup -o cpu,cpuacct none /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Comounting controllers has the effect that a process is in the same cgroup "
"for all of the comounted controllers.  Separately mounting controllers "
"allows a process to be in cgroup I</foo1> for one controller while being in "
"I</foo2/foo3> for another."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"It is possible to comount all v1 controllers against the same hierarchy:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "mount -t cgroup -o all cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"(One can achieve the same result by omitting I<-o all>, since it is the "
"default if no controllers are explicitly specified.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"It is not possible to mount the same controller against multiple cgroup "
"hierarchies.  For example, it is not possible to mount both the I<cpu> and "
"I<cpuacct> controllers against one hierarchy, and to mount the I<cpu> "
"controller alone against another hierarchy.  It is possible to create "
"multiple mount with exactly the same set of comounted controllers.  However, "
"in this case all that results is multiple mount points providing a view of "
"the same hierarchy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Note that on many systems, the v1 controllers are automatically mounted "
"under I</sys/fs/cgroup>; in particular, B<systemd>(1)  automatically creates "
"such mounts."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Unmounting v1 controllers"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A mounted cgroup filesystem can be unmounted using the B<umount>(8)  "
"command, as in the following example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "umount /sys/fs/cgroup/pids\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<But note well>: a cgroup filesystem is unmounted only if it is not busy, "
"that is, it has no child cgroups.  If this is not the case, then the only "
"effect of the B<umount>(8)  is to make the mount invisible.  Thus, to ensure "
"that the mount is really removed, one must first remove all child cgroups, "
"which in turn can be done only after all member processes have been moved "
"from those cgroups to the root cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Cgroups version 1 controllers"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Each of the cgroups version 1 controllers is governed by a kernel "
"configuration option (listed below).  Additionally, the availability of the "
"cgroups feature is governed by the B<CONFIG_CGROUPS> kernel configuration "
"option."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cpu> (since Linux 2.6.24; B<CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Cgroups can be guaranteed a minimum number of \"CPU shares\" when a system "
"is busy.  This does not limit a cgroup's CPU usage if the CPUs are not "
"busy.  For further information, see I<Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-"
"CFS.rst> (or I<Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt> in Linux 5.2 "
"and earlier)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In Linux 3.2, this controller was extended to provide CPU \"bandwidth\" "
"control.  If the kernel is configured with B<CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH>, then "
"within each scheduling period (defined via a file in the cgroup directory), "
"it is possible to define an upper limit on the CPU time allocated to the "
"processes in a cgroup.  This upper limit applies even if there is no other "
"competition for the CPU.  Further information can be found in the kernel "
"source file I<Documentation/scheduler/sched-bwc.rst> (or I<Documentation/"
"scheduler/sched-bwc.txt> in Linux 5.2 and earlier)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cpuacct> (since Linux 2.6.24; B<CONFIG_CGROUP_CPUACCT>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "This provides accounting for CPU usage by groups of processes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Further information can be found in the kernel source file I<Documentation/"
"admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpuacct.rst> (or I<Documentation/cgroup-v1/cpuacct."
"txt> in Linux 5.2 and earlier)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cpuset> (since Linux 2.6.24; B<CONFIG_CPUSETS>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This cgroup can be used to bind the processes in a cgroup to a specified set "
"of CPUs and NUMA nodes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Further information can be found in the kernel source file I<Documentation/"
"admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpusets.rst> (or I<Documentation/cgroup-v1/cpusets."
"txt> in Linux 5.2 and earlier)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<memory> (since Linux 2.6.25; B<CONFIG_MEMCG>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The memory controller supports reporting and limiting of process memory, "
"kernel memory, and swap used by cgroups."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Further information can be found in the kernel source file I<Documentation/"
"admin-guide/cgroup-v1/memory.rst> (or I<Documentation/cgroup-v1/memory.txt> "
"in Linux 5.2 and earlier)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<devices> (since Linux 2.6.26; B<CONFIG_CGROUP_DEVICE>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This supports controlling which processes may create (mknod) devices as well "
"as open them for reading or writing.  The policies may be specified as allow-"
"lists and deny-lists.  Hierarchy is enforced, so new rules must not violate "
"existing rules for the target or ancestor cgroups."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Further information can be found in the kernel source file I<Documentation/"
"admin-guide/cgroup-v1/devices.rst> (or I<Documentation/cgroup-v1/devices."
"txt> in Linux 5.2 and earlier)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<freezer> (since Linux 2.6.28; B<CONFIG_CGROUP_FREEZER>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<freezer> cgroup can suspend and restore (resume) all processes in a "
"cgroup.  Freezing a cgroup I</A> also causes its children, for example, "
"processes in I</A/B>, to be frozen."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Further information can be found in the kernel source file I<Documentation/"
"admin-guide/cgroup-v1/freezer-subsystem.rst> (or I<Documentation/cgroup-v1/"
"freezer-subsystem.txt> in Linux 5.2 and earlier)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<net_cls> (since Linux 2.6.29; B<CONFIG_CGROUP_NET_CLASSID>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This places a classid, specified for the cgroup, on network packets created "
"by a cgroup.  These classids can then be used in firewall rules, as well as "
"used to shape traffic using B<tc>(8).  This applies only to packets leaving "
"the cgroup, not to traffic arriving at the cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Further information can be found in the kernel source file I<Documentation/"
"admin-guide/cgroup-v1/net_cls.rst> (or I<Documentation/cgroup-v1/net_cls."
"txt> in Linux 5.2 and earlier)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<blkio> (since Linux 2.6.33; B<CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<blkio> cgroup controls and limits access to specified block devices by "
"applying IO control in the form of throttling and upper limits against leaf "
"nodes and intermediate nodes in the storage hierarchy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Two policies are available.  The first is a proportional-weight time-based "
"division of disk implemented with CFQ.  This is in effect for leaf nodes "
"using CFQ.  The second is a throttling policy which specifies upper I/O rate "
"limits on a device."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Further information can be found in the kernel source file I<Documentation/"
"admin-guide/cgroup-v1/blkio-controller.rst> (or I<Documentation/cgroup-v1/"
"blkio-controller.txt> in Linux 5.2 and earlier)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<perf_event> (since Linux 2.6.39; B<CONFIG_CGROUP_PERF>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This controller allows I<perf> monitoring of the set of processes grouped in "
"a cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Further information can be found in the kernel source files"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<net_prio> (since Linux 3.3; B<CONFIG_CGROUP_NET_PRIO>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This allows priorities to be specified, per network interface, for cgroups."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Further information can be found in the kernel source file I<Documentation/"
"admin-guide/cgroup-v1/net_prio.rst> (or I<Documentation/cgroup-v1/net_prio."
"txt> in Linux 5.2 and earlier)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<hugetlb> (since Linux 3.5; B<CONFIG_CGROUP_HUGETLB>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "This supports limiting the use of huge pages by cgroups."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Further information can be found in the kernel source file I<Documentation/"
"admin-guide/cgroup-v1/hugetlb.rst> (or I<Documentation/cgroup-v1/hugetlb."
"txt> in Linux 5.2 and earlier)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<pids> (since Linux 4.3; B<CONFIG_CGROUP_PIDS>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This controller permits limiting the number of process that may be created "
"in a cgroup (and its descendants)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Further information can be found in the kernel source file I<Documentation/"
"admin-guide/cgroup-v1/pids.rst> (or I<Documentation/cgroup-v1/pids.txt> in "
"Linux 5.2 and earlier)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<rdma> (since Linux 4.11; B<CONFIG_CGROUP_RDMA>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The RDMA controller permits limiting the use of RDMA/IB-specific resources "
"per cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Further information can be found in the kernel source file I<Documentation/"
"admin-guide/cgroup-v1/rdma.rst> (or I<Documentation/cgroup-v1/rdma.txt> in "
"Linux 5.2 and earlier)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Creating cgroups and moving processes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A cgroup filesystem initially contains a single root cgroup, '/', which all "
"processes belong to.  A new cgroup is created by creating a directory in the "
"cgroup filesystem:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/cg1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "This creates a new empty cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A process may be moved to this cgroup by writing its PID into the cgroup's "
"I<cgroup.procs> file:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "echo $$ E<gt> /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/cg1/cgroup.procs\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Only one PID at a time should be written to this file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Writing the value 0 to a I<cgroup.procs> file causes the writing process to "
"be moved to the corresponding cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"When writing a PID into the I<cgroup.procs>, all threads in the process are "
"moved into the new cgroup at once."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Within a hierarchy, a process can be a member of exactly one cgroup.  "
"Writing a process's PID to a I<cgroup.procs> file automatically removes it "
"from the cgroup of which it was previously a member."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<cgroup.procs> file can be read to obtain a list of the processes that "
"are members of a cgroup.  The returned list of PIDs is not guaranteed to be "
"in order.  Nor is it guaranteed to be free of duplicates.  (For example, a "
"PID may be recycled while reading from the list.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In cgroups v1, an individual thread can be moved to another cgroup by "
"writing its thread ID (i.e., the kernel thread ID returned by B<clone>(2)  "
"and B<gettid>(2))  to the I<tasks> file in a cgroup directory.  This file "
"can be read to discover the set of threads that are members of the cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Removing cgroups"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"To remove a cgroup, it must first have no child cgroups and contain no "
"(nonzombie) processes.  So long as that is the case, one can simply remove "
"the corresponding directory pathname.  Note that files in a cgroup directory "
"cannot and need not be removed."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Cgroups v1 release notification"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Two files can be used to determine whether the kernel provides notifications "
"when a cgroup becomes empty.  A cgroup is considered to be empty when it "
"contains no child cgroups and no member processes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A special file in the root directory of each cgroup hierarchy, "
"I<release_agent>, can be used to register the pathname of a program that may "
"be invoked when a cgroup in the hierarchy becomes empty.  The pathname of "
"the newly empty cgroup (relative to the cgroup mount point)  is provided as "
"the sole command-line argument when the I<release_agent> program is "
"invoked.  The I<release_agent> program might remove the cgroup directory, or "
"perhaps repopulate it with a process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The default value of the I<release_agent> file is empty, meaning that no "
"release agent is invoked."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The content of the I<release_agent> file can also be specified via a mount "
"option when the cgroup filesystem is mounted:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "mount -o release_agent=pathname ...\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Whether or not the I<release_agent> program is invoked when a particular "
"cgroup becomes empty is determined by the value in the I<notify_on_release> "
"file in the corresponding cgroup directory.  If this file contains the value "
"0, then the I<release_agent> program is not invoked.  If it contains the "
"value 1, the I<release_agent> program is invoked.  The default value for "
"this file in the root cgroup is 0.  At the time when a new cgroup is "
"created, the value in this file is inherited from the corresponding file in "
"the parent cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Cgroup v1 named hierarchies"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In cgroups v1, it is possible to mount a cgroup hierarchy that has no "
"attached controllers:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "mount -t cgroup -o none,name=somename none /some/mount/point\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Multiple instances of such hierarchies can be mounted; each hierarchy must "
"have a unique name.  The only purpose of such hierarchies is to track "
"processes.  (See the discussion of release notification below.)  An example "
"of this is the I<name=systemd> cgroup hierarchy that is used by "
"B<systemd>(1)  to track services and user sessions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Since Linux 5.0, the I<cgroup_no_v1> kernel boot option (described below) "
"can be used to disable cgroup v1 named hierarchies, by specifying "
"I<cgroup_no_v1=named>."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "CGROUPS VERSION 2"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In cgroups v2, all mounted controllers reside in a single unified "
"hierarchy.  While (different) controllers may be simultaneously mounted "
"under the v1 and v2 hierarchies, it is not possible to mount the same "
"controller simultaneously under both the v1 and the v2 hierarchies."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The new behaviors in cgroups v2 are summarized here, and in some cases "
"elaborated in the following subsections."
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\[bu]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Cgroups v2 provides a unified hierarchy against which all controllers are "
"mounted."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"\"Internal\" processes are not permitted.  With the exception of the root "
"cgroup, processes may reside only in leaf nodes (cgroups that do not "
"themselves contain child cgroups).  The details are somewhat more subtle "
"than this, and are described below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Active cgroups must be specified via the files I<cgroup.controllers> and "
"I<cgroup.subtree_control>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<tasks> file has been removed.  In addition, the I<cgroup."
"clone_children> file that is employed by the I<cpuset> controller has been "
"removed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"An improved mechanism for notification of empty cgroups is provided by the "
"I<cgroup.events> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For more changes, see the I<Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst> file in "
"the kernel source (or I<Documentation/cgroup-v2.txt> in Linux 4.17 and "
"earlier)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Some of the new behaviors listed above saw subsequent modification with the "
"addition in Linux 4.14 of \"thread mode\" (described below)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Cgroups v2 unified hierarchy"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In cgroups v1, the ability to mount different controllers against different "
"hierarchies was intended to allow great flexibility for application design.  "
"In practice, though, the flexibility turned out to be less useful than "
"expected, and in many cases added complexity.  Therefore, in cgroups v2, all "
"available controllers are mounted against a single hierarchy.  The available "
"controllers are automatically mounted, meaning that it is not necessary (or "
"possible) to specify the controllers when mounting the cgroup v2 filesystem "
"using a command such as the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "mount -t cgroup2 none /mnt/cgroup2\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A cgroup v2 controller is available only if it is not currently in use via a "
"mount against a cgroup v1 hierarchy.  Or, to put things another way, it is "
"not possible to employ the same controller against both a v1 hierarchy and "
"the unified v2 hierarchy.  This means that it may be necessary first to "
"unmount a v1 controller (as described above) before that controller is "
"available in v2.  Since B<systemd>(1)  makes heavy use of some v1 "
"controllers by default, it can in some cases be simpler to boot the system "
"with selected v1 controllers disabled.  To do this, specify the "
"I<cgroup_no_v1=list> option on the kernel boot command line; I<list> is a "
"comma-separated list of the names of the controllers to disable, or the word "
"I<all> to disable all v1 controllers.  (This situation is correctly handled "
"by B<systemd>(1), which falls back to operating without the specified "
"controllers.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Note that on many modern systems, B<systemd>(1)  automatically mounts the "
"I<cgroup2> filesystem at I</sys/fs/cgroup/unified> during the boot process."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Cgroups v2 mount options"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The following options (I<mount\\ -o>)  can be specified when mounting the "
"group v2 filesystem:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<nsdelegate> (since Linux 4.15)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Treat cgroup namespaces as delegation boundaries.  For details, see below."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<memory_localevents> (since Linux 5.2)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 9852ae3fe5293264f01c49f2571ef7688f7823ce
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<memory.events> should show statistics only for the cgroup itself, and "
"not for any descendant cgroups.  This was the behavior before Linux 5.2.  "
"Starting in Linux 5.2, the default behavior is to include statistics for "
"descendant cgroups in I<memory.events>, and this mount option can be used to "
"revert to the legacy behavior.  This option is system wide and can be set on "
"mount or modified through remount only from the initial mount namespace; it "
"is silently ignored in noninitial namespaces."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Cgroups v2 controllers"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The following controllers, documented in the kernel source file "
"I<Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst> (or I<Documentation/cgroup-v2."
"txt> in Linux 4.17 and earlier), are supported in cgroups version 2:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cpu> (since Linux 4.15)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This is the successor to the version 1 I<cpu> and I<cpuacct> controllers."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cpuset> (since Linux 5.0)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "This is the successor of the version 1 I<cpuset> controller."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<freezer> (since Linux 5.2)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 76f969e8948d82e78e1bc4beb6b9465908e74873
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "This is the successor of the version 1 I<freezer> controller."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<hugetlb> (since Linux 5.6)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "This is the successor of the version 1 I<hugetlb> controller."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<io> (since Linux 4.5)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "This is the successor of the version 1 I<blkio> controller."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<memory> (since Linux 4.5)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "This is the successor of the version 1 I<memory> controller."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<perf_event> (since Linux 4.11)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "This is the same as the version 1 I<perf_event> controller."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<pids> (since Linux 4.5)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "This is the same as the version 1 I<pids> controller."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<rdma> (since Linux 4.11)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "This is the same as the version 1 I<rdma> controller."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"There is no direct equivalent of the I<net_cls> and I<net_prio> controllers "
"from cgroups version 1.  Instead, support has been added to B<iptables>(8)  "
"to allow eBPF filters that hook on cgroup v2 pathnames to make decisions "
"about network traffic on a per-cgroup basis."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The v2 I<devices> controller provides no interface files; instead, device "
"control is gated by attaching an eBPF (B<BPF_CGROUP_DEVICE>)  program to a "
"v2 cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Cgroups v2 subtree control"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Each cgroup in the v2 hierarchy contains the following two files:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cgroup.controllers>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This read-only file exposes a list of the controllers that are I<available> "
"in this cgroup.  The contents of this file match the contents of the "
"I<cgroup.subtree_control> file in the parent cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cgroup.subtree_control>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This is a list of controllers that are I<active> (I<enabled>)  in the "
"cgroup.  The set of controllers in this file is a subset of the set in the "
"I<cgroup.controllers> of this cgroup.  The set of active controllers is "
"modified by writing strings to this file containing space-delimited "
"controller names, each preceded by '+' (to enable a controller)  or '-' (to "
"disable a controller), as in the following example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "echo \\[aq]+pids -memory\\[aq] E<gt> x/y/cgroup.subtree_control\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"An attempt to enable a controller that is not present in I<cgroup."
"controllers> leads to an B<ENOENT> error when writing to the I<cgroup."
"subtree_control> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Because the list of controllers in I<cgroup.subtree_control> is a subset of "
"those I<cgroup.controllers>, a controller that has been disabled in one "
"cgroup in the hierarchy can never be re-enabled in the subtree below that "
"cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A cgroup's I<cgroup.subtree_control> file determines the set of controllers "
"that are exercised in the I<child> cgroups.  When a controller (e.g., "
"I<pids>)  is present in the I<cgroup.subtree_control> file of a parent "
"cgroup, then the corresponding controller-interface files (e.g., I<pids."
"max>)  are automatically created in the children of that cgroup and can be "
"used to exert resource control in the child cgroups."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-rawhide opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Cgroups v2 \\[dq]no internal processes\\[dq] rule"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Cgroups v2 enforces a so-called \"no internal processes\" rule.  Roughly "
"speaking, this rule means that, with the exception of the root cgroup, "
"processes may reside only in leaf nodes (cgroups that do not themselves "
"contain child cgroups).  This avoids the need to decide how to partition "
"resources between processes which are members of cgroup A and processes in "
"child cgroups of A."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For instance, if cgroup I</cg1/cg2> exists, then a process may reside in I</"
"cg1/cg2>, but not in I</cg1>.  This is to avoid an ambiguity in cgroups v1 "
"with respect to the delegation of resources between processes in I</cg1> and "
"its child cgroups.  The recommended approach in cgroups v2 is to create a "
"subdirectory called I<leaf> for any nonleaf cgroup which should contain "
"processes, but no child cgroups.  Thus, processes which previously would "
"have gone into I</cg1> would now go into I</cg1/leaf>.  This has the "
"advantage of making explicit the relationship between processes in I</cg1/"
"leaf> and I</cg1>'s other children."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The \"no internal processes\" rule is in fact more subtle than stated "
"above.  More precisely, the rule is that a (nonroot) cgroup can't both (1) "
"have member processes, and (2) distribute resources into child "
"cgroups\\[em]that is, have a nonempty I<cgroup.subtree_control> file.  Thus, "
"it I<is> possible for a cgroup to have both member processes and child "
"cgroups, but before controllers can be enabled for that cgroup, the member "
"processes must be moved out of the cgroup (e.g., perhaps into the child "
"cgroups)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"With the Linux 4.14 addition of \"thread mode\" (described below), the \"no "
"internal processes\" rule has been relaxed in some cases."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Cgroups v2 cgroup.events file"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Each nonroot cgroup in the v2 hierarchy contains a read-only file, I<cgroup."
"events>, whose contents are key-value pairs (delimited by newline "
"characters, with the key and value separated by spaces)  providing state "
"information about the cgroup:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ B<cat mygrp/cgroup.events>\n"
"populated 1\n"
"frozen 0\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The following keys may appear in this file:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<populated>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The value of this key is either 1, if this cgroup or any of its descendants "
"has member processes, or otherwise 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<frozen> (since Linux 5.2)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 76f969e8948d82e78e1bc4beb6b9465908e7487
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The value of this key is 1 if this cgroup is currently frozen, or 0 if it is "
"not."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<cgroup.events> file can be monitored, in order to receive notification "
"when the value of one of its keys changes.  Such monitoring can be done "
"using B<inotify>(7), which notifies changes as B<IN_MODIFY> events, or "
"B<poll>(2), which notifies changes by returning the B<POLLPRI> and "
"B<POLLERR> bits in the I<revents> field."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Cgroup v2 release notification"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Cgroups v2 provides a new mechanism for obtaining notification when a cgroup "
"becomes empty.  The cgroups v1 I<release_agent> and I<notify_on_release> "
"files are removed, and replaced by the I<populated> key in the I<cgroup."
"events> file.  This key either has the value 0, meaning that the cgroup (and "
"its descendants)  contain no (nonzombie) member processes, or 1, meaning "
"that the cgroup (or one of its descendants)  contains member processes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The cgroups v2 release-notification mechanism offers the following "
"advantages over the cgroups v1 I<release_agent> mechanism:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"It allows for cheaper notification, since a single process can monitor "
"multiple I<cgroup.events> files (using the techniques described earlier).  "
"By contrast, the cgroups v1 mechanism requires the expense of creating a "
"process for each notification."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Notification for different cgroup subhierarchies can be delegated to "
"different processes.  By contrast, the cgroups v1 mechanism allows only one "
"release agent for an entire hierarchy."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Cgroups v2 cgroup.stat file"
msgstr ""

#.  commit ec39225cca42c05ac36853d11d28f877fde5c42e
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Each cgroup in the v2 hierarchy contains a read-only I<cgroup.stat> file "
"(first introduced in Linux 4.14)  that consists of lines containing key-"
"value pairs.  The following keys currently appear in this file:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<nr_descendants>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This is the total number of visible (i.e., living) descendant cgroups "
"underneath this cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<nr_dying_descendants>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This is the total number of dying descendant cgroups underneath this "
"cgroup.  A cgroup enters the dying state after being deleted.  It remains in "
"that state for an undefined period (which will depend on system load)  while "
"resources are freed before the cgroup is destroyed.  Note that the presence "
"of some cgroups in the dying state is normal, and is not indicative of any "
"problem."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A process can't be made a member of a dying cgroup, and a dying cgroup can't "
"be brought back to life."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Limiting the number of descendant cgroups"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Each cgroup in the v2 hierarchy contains the following files, which can be "
"used to view and set limits on the number of descendant cgroups under that "
"cgroup:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cgroup.max.depth> (since Linux 4.14)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 1a926e0bbab83bae8207d05a533173425e0496d1
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This file defines a limit on the depth of nesting of descendant cgroups.  A "
"value of 0 in this file means that no descendant cgroups can be created.  An "
"attempt to create a descendant whose nesting level exceeds the limit fails "
"(I<mkdir>(2)  fails with the error B<EAGAIN>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-rawhide opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Writing the string I<\\[dq]max\\[dq]> to this file means that no limit is "
"imposed.  The default value in this file is I<\\[dq]max\\[dq]>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cgroup.max.descendants> (since Linux 4.14)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 1a926e0bbab83bae8207d05a533173425e0496d1
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This file defines a limit on the number of live descendant cgroups that this "
"cgroup may have.  An attempt to create more descendants than allowed by the "
"limit fails (I<mkdir>(2)  fails with the error B<EAGAIN>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "CGROUPS DELEGATION: DELEGATING A HIERARCHY TO A LESS PRIVILEGED USER"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In the context of cgroups, delegation means passing management of some "
"subtree of the cgroup hierarchy to a nonprivileged user.  Cgroups v1 "
"provides support for delegation based on file permissions in the cgroup "
"hierarchy but with less strict containment rules than v2 (as noted below).  "
"Cgroups v2 supports delegation with containment by explicit design.  The "
"focus of the discussion in this section is on delegation in cgroups v2, with "
"some differences for cgroups v1 noted along the way."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Some terminology is required in order to describe delegation.  A "
"I<delegater> is a privileged user (i.e., root) who owns a parent cgroup.  A "
"I<delegatee> is a nonprivileged user who will be granted the permissions "
"needed to manage some subhierarchy under that parent cgroup, known as the "
"I<delegated subtree>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"To perform delegation, the delegater makes certain directories and files "
"writable by the delegatee, typically by changing the ownership of the "
"objects to be the user ID of the delegatee.  Assuming that we want to "
"delegate the hierarchy rooted at (say)  I</dlgt_grp> and that there are not "
"yet any child cgroups under that cgroup, the ownership of the following is "
"changed to the user ID of the delegatee:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</dlgt_grp>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Changing the ownership of the root of the subtree means that any new cgroups "
"created under the subtree (and the files they contain)  will also be owned "
"by the delegatee."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</dlgt_grp/cgroup.procs>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Changing the ownership of this file means that the delegatee can move "
"processes into the root of the delegated subtree."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</dlgt_grp/cgroup.subtree_control> (cgroups v2 only)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Changing the ownership of this file means that the delegatee can enable "
"controllers (that are present in I</dlgt_grp/cgroup.controllers>)  in order "
"to further redistribute resources at lower levels in the subtree.  (As an "
"alternative to changing the ownership of this file, the delegater might "
"instead add selected controllers to this file.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</dlgt_grp/cgroup.threads> (cgroups v2 only)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Changing the ownership of this file is necessary if a threaded subtree is "
"being delegated (see the description of \"thread mode\", below).  This "
"permits the delegatee to write thread IDs to the file.  (The ownership of "
"this file can also be changed when delegating a domain subtree, but "
"currently this serves no purpose, since, as described below, it is not "
"possible to move a thread between domain cgroups by writing its thread ID to "
"the I<cgroup.threads> file.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In cgroups v1, the corresponding file that should instead be delegated is "
"the I<tasks> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The delegater should I<not> change the ownership of any of the controller "
"interfaces files (e.g., I<pids.max>, I<memory.high>)  in I<dlgt_grp>.  Those "
"files are used from the next level above the delegated subtree in order to "
"distribute resources into the subtree, and the delegatee should not have "
"permission to change the resources that are distributed into the delegated "
"subtree."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"See also the discussion of the I</sys/kernel/cgroup/delegate> file in NOTES "
"for information about further delegatable files in cgroups v2."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"After the aforementioned steps have been performed, the delegatee can create "
"child cgroups within the delegated subtree (the cgroup subdirectories and "
"the files they contain will be owned by the delegatee)  and move processes "
"between cgroups in the subtree.  If some controllers are present in "
"I<dlgt_grp/cgroup.subtree_control>, or the ownership of that file was passed "
"to the delegatee, the delegatee can also control the further redistribution "
"of the corresponding resources into the delegated subtree."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Cgroups v2 delegation: nsdelegate and cgroup namespaces"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 5136f6365ce3eace5a926e10f16ed2a233db5ba9
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Starting with Linux 4.13, there is a second way to perform cgroup delegation "
"in the cgroups v2 hierarchy.  This is done by mounting or remounting the "
"cgroup v2 filesystem with the I<nsdelegate> mount option.  For example, if "
"the cgroup v2 filesystem has already been mounted, we can remount it with "
"the I<nsdelegate> option as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mount -t cgroup2 -o remount,nsdelegate \\e\n"
"                 none /sys/fs/cgroup/unified\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The effect of this mount option is to cause cgroup namespaces to "
"automatically become delegation boundaries.  More specifically, the "
"following restrictions apply for processes inside the cgroup namespace:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Writes to controller interface files in the root directory of the namespace "
"will fail with the error B<EPERM>.  Processes inside the cgroup namespace "
"can still write to delegatable files in the root directory of the cgroup "
"namespace such as I<cgroup.procs> and I<cgroup.subtree_control>, and can "
"create subhierarchy underneath the root directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Attempts to migrate processes across the namespace boundary are denied (with "
"the error B<ENOENT>).  Processes inside the cgroup namespace can still "
"(subject to the containment rules described below)  move processes between "
"cgroups I<within> the subhierarchy under the namespace root."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The ability to define cgroup namespaces as delegation boundaries makes "
"cgroup namespaces more useful.  To understand why, suppose that we already "
"have one cgroup hierarchy that has been delegated to a nonprivileged user, "
"I<cecilia>, using the older delegation technique described above.  Suppose "
"further that I<cecilia> wanted to further delegate a subhierarchy under the "
"existing delegated hierarchy.  (For example, the delegated hierarchy might "
"be associated with an unprivileged container run by I<cecilia>.)  Even if a "
"cgroup namespace was employed, because both hierarchies are owned by the "
"unprivileged user I<cecilia>, the following illegitimate actions could be "
"performed:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A process in the inferior hierarchy could change the resource controller "
"settings in the root directory of that hierarchy.  (These resource "
"controller settings are intended to allow control to be exercised from the "
"I<parent> cgroup; a process inside the child cgroup should not be allowed to "
"modify them.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A process inside the inferior hierarchy could move processes into and out of "
"the inferior hierarchy if the cgroups in the superior hierarchy were somehow "
"visible."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Employing the I<nsdelegate> mount option prevents both of these "
"possibilities."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<nsdelegate> mount option only has an effect when performed in the "
"initial mount namespace; in other mount namespaces, the option is silently "
"ignored."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<Note>: On some systems, B<systemd>(1)  automatically mounts the cgroup v2 "
"filesystem.  In order to experiment with the I<nsdelegate> operation, it may "
"be useful to boot the kernel with the following command-line options:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "cgroup_no_v1=all systemd.legacy_systemd_cgroup_controller\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"These options cause the kernel to boot with the cgroups v1 controllers "
"disabled (meaning that the controllers are available in the v2 hierarchy), "
"and tells B<systemd>(1)  not to mount and use the cgroup v2 hierarchy, so "
"that the v2 hierarchy can be manually mounted with the desired options after "
"boot-up."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Cgroup delegation containment rules"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Some delegation I<containment rules> ensure that the delegatee can move "
"processes between cgroups within the delegated subtree, but can't move "
"processes from outside the delegated subtree into the subtree or vice "
"versa.  A nonprivileged process (i.e., the delegatee) can write the PID of a "
"\"target\" process into a I<cgroup.procs> file only if all of the following "
"are true:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The writer has write permission on the I<cgroup.procs> file in the "
"destination cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The writer has write permission on the I<cgroup.procs> file in the nearest "
"common ancestor of the source and destination cgroups.  Note that in some "
"cases, the nearest common ancestor may be the source or destination cgroup "
"itself.  This requirement is not enforced for cgroups v1 hierarchies, with "
"the consequence that containment in v1 is less strict than in v2.  (For "
"example, in cgroups v1 the user that owns two distinct delegated "
"subhierarchies can move a process between the hierarchies.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If the cgroup v2 filesystem was mounted with the I<nsdelegate> option, the "
"writer must be able to see the source and destination cgroups from its "
"cgroup namespace."
msgstr ""

#.  commit 576dd464505fc53d501bb94569db76f220104d28
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In cgroups v1: the effective UID of the writer (i.e., the delegatee) matches "
"the real user ID or the saved set-user-ID of the target process.  Before "
"Linux 4.11, this requirement also applied in cgroups v2 (This was a "
"historical requirement inherited from cgroups v1 that was later deemed "
"unnecessary, since the other rules suffice for containment in cgroups v2.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<Note>: one consequence of these delegation containment rules is that the "
"unprivileged delegatee can't place the first process into the delegated "
"subtree; instead, the delegater must place the first process (a process "
"owned by the delegatee) into the delegated subtree."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "CGROUPS VERSION 2 THREAD MODE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Among the restrictions imposed by cgroups v2 that were not present in "
"cgroups v1 are the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<No thread-granularity control>: all of the threads of a process must be in "
"the same cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<No internal processes>: a cgroup can't both have member processes and "
"exercise controllers on child cgroups."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Both of these restrictions were added because the lack of these restrictions "
"had caused problems in cgroups v1.  In particular, the cgroups v1 ability to "
"allow thread-level granularity for cgroup membership made no sense for some "
"controllers.  (A notable example was the I<memory> controller: since threads "
"share an address space, it made no sense to split threads across different "
"I<memory> cgroups.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Notwithstanding the initial design decision in cgroups v2, there were use "
"cases for certain controllers, notably the I<cpu> controller, for which "
"thread-level granularity of control was meaningful and useful.  To "
"accommodate such use cases, Linux 4.14 added I<thread mode> for cgroups v2."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Thread mode allows the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The creation of I<threaded subtrees> in which the threads of a process may "
"be spread across cgroups inside the tree.  (A threaded subtree may contain "
"multiple multithreaded processes.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The concept of I<threaded controllers>, which can distribute resources "
"across the cgroups in a threaded subtree."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A relaxation of the \"no internal processes rule\", so that, within a "
"threaded subtree, a cgroup can both contain member threads and exercise "
"resource control over child cgroups."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"With the addition of thread mode, each nonroot cgroup now contains a new "
"file, I<cgroup.type>, that exposes, and in some circumstances can be used to "
"change, the \"type\" of a cgroup.  This file contains one of the following "
"type values:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<domain>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This is a normal v2 cgroup that provides process-granularity control.  If a "
"process is a member of this cgroup, then all threads of the process are (by "
"definition) in the same cgroup.  This is the default cgroup type, and "
"provides the same behavior that was provided for cgroups in the initial "
"cgroups v2 implementation."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<threaded>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This cgroup is a member of a threaded subtree.  Threads can be added to this "
"cgroup, and controllers can be enabled for the cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<domain threaded>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This is a domain cgroup that serves as the root of a threaded subtree.  This "
"cgroup type is also known as \"threaded root\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<domain invalid>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-rawhide opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This is a cgroup inside a threaded subtree that is in an \"invalid\" state.  "
"Processes can't be added to the cgroup, and controllers can't be enabled for "
"the cgroup.  The only thing that can be done with this cgroup (other than "
"deleting it)  is to convert it to a I<threaded> cgroup by writing the string "
"I<\\[dq]threaded\\[dq]> to the I<cgroup.type> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The rationale for the existence of this \"interim\" type during the creation "
"of a threaded subtree (rather than the kernel simply immediately converting "
"all cgroups under the threaded root to the type I<threaded>)  is to allow "
"for possible future extensions to the thread mode model"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Threaded versus domain controllers"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"With the addition of threads mode, cgroups v2 now distinguishes two types of "
"resource controllers:"
msgstr ""

#.  In the kernel source, look for ".threaded[ \t]*= true" in
#.  initializations of struct cgroup_subsys
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<Threaded> controllers: these controllers support thread-granularity for "
"resource control and can be enabled inside threaded subtrees, with the "
"result that the corresponding controller-interface files appear inside the "
"cgroups in the threaded subtree.  As at Linux 4.19, the following "
"controllers are threaded: I<cpu>, I<perf_event>, and I<pids>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<Domain> controllers: these controllers support only process granularity "
"for resource control.  From the perspective of a domain controller, all "
"threads of a process are always in the same cgroup.  Domain controllers "
"can't be enabled inside a threaded subtree."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Creating a threaded subtree"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"There are two pathways that lead to the creation of a threaded subtree.  The "
"first pathway proceeds as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(1)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-rawhide opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"We write the string I<\\[dq]threaded\\[dq]> to the I<cgroup.type> file of a "
"cgroup I<y/z> that currently has the type I<domain>.  This has the following "
"effects:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The type of the cgroup I<y/z> becomes I<threaded>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The type of the parent cgroup, I<y>, becomes I<domain threaded>.  The parent "
"cgroup is the root of a threaded subtree (also known as the \"threaded "
"root\")."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"All other cgroups under I<y> that were not already of type I<threaded> "
"(because they were inside already existing threaded subtrees under the new "
"threaded root)  are converted to type I<domain invalid>.  Any subsequently "
"created cgroups under I<y> will also have the type I<domain invalid>."
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-rawhide opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"We write the string I<\\[dq]threaded\\[dq]> to each of the I<domain invalid> "
"cgroups under I<y>, in order to convert them to the type I<threaded>.  As a "
"consequence of this step, all threads under the threaded root now have the "
"type I<threaded> and the threaded subtree is now fully usable.  The "
"requirement to write I<\\[dq]threaded\\[dq]> to each of these cgroups is "
"somewhat cumbersome, but allows for possible future extensions to the thread-"
"mode model."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The second way of creating a threaded subtree is as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In an existing cgroup, I<z>, that currently has the type I<domain>, we (1.1) "
"enable one or more threaded controllers and (1.2) make a process a member of "
"I<z>.  (These two steps can be done in either order.)  This has the "
"following consequences:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The type of I<z> becomes I<domain threaded>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-rawhide opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"All of the descendant cgroups of I<z> that were not already of type "
"I<threaded> are converted to type I<domain invalid>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-rawhide opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"As before, we make the threaded subtree usable by writing the string "
"I<\\[dq]threaded\\[dq]> to each of the I<domain invalid> cgroups under I<z>, "
"in order to convert them to the type I<threaded>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"One of the consequences of the above pathways to creating a threaded subtree "
"is that the threaded root cgroup can be a parent only to I<threaded> (and "
"I<domain invalid>)  cgroups.  The threaded root cgroup can't be a parent of "
"a I<domain> cgroups, and a I<threaded> cgroup can't have a sibling that is a "
"I<domain> cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using a threaded subtree"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Within a threaded subtree, threaded controllers can be enabled in each "
"subgroup whose type has been changed to I<threaded>; upon doing so, the "
"corresponding controller interface files appear in the children of that "
"cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A process can be moved into a threaded subtree by writing its PID to the "
"I<cgroup.procs> file in one of the cgroups inside the tree.  This has the "
"effect of making all of the threads in the process members of the "
"corresponding cgroup and makes the process a member of the threaded "
"subtree.  The threads of the process can then be spread across the threaded "
"subtree by writing their thread IDs (see B<gettid>(2))  to the I<cgroup."
"threads> files in different cgroups inside the subtree.  The threads of a "
"process must all reside in the same threaded subtree."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"As with writing to I<cgroup.procs>, some containment rules apply when "
"writing to the I<cgroup.threads> file:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The writer must have write permission on the cgroup.threads file in the "
"destination cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The writer must have write permission on the I<cgroup.procs> file in the "
"common ancestor of the source and destination cgroups.  (In some cases, the "
"common ancestor may be the source or destination cgroup itself.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The source and destination cgroups must be in the same threaded subtree.  "
"(Outside a threaded subtree, an attempt to move a thread by writing its "
"thread ID to the I<cgroup.threads> file in a different I<domain> cgroup "
"fails with the error B<EOPNOTSUPP>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<cgroup.threads> file is present in each cgroup (including I<domain> "
"cgroups) and can be read in order to discover the set of threads that is "
"present in the cgroup.  The set of thread IDs obtained when reading this "
"file is not guaranteed to be ordered or free of duplicates."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<cgroup.procs> file in the threaded root shows the PIDs of all "
"processes that are members of the threaded subtree.  The I<cgroup.procs> "
"files in the other cgroups in the subtree are not readable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Domain controllers can't be enabled in a threaded subtree; no controller-"
"interface files appear inside the cgroups underneath the threaded root.  "
"From the point of view of a domain controller, threaded subtrees are "
"invisible: a multithreaded process inside a threaded subtree appears to a "
"domain controller as a process that resides in the threaded root cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Within a threaded subtree, the \"no internal processes\" rule does not "
"apply: a cgroup can both contain member processes (or thread)  and exercise "
"controllers on child cgroups."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Rules for writing to cgroup.type and creating threaded subtrees"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "A number of rules apply when writing to the I<cgroup.type> file:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-rawhide opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Only the string I<\\[dq]threaded\\[dq]> may be written.  In other words, the "
"only explicit transition that is possible is to convert a I<domain> cgroup "
"to type I<threaded>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-rawhide opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The effect of writing I<\\[dq]threaded\\[dq]> depends on the current value "
"in I<cgroup.type>, as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<domain> or I<domain threaded>: start the creation of a threaded subtree "
"(whose root is the parent of this cgroup) via the first of the pathways "
"described above;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<domain\\ invalid>: convert this cgroup (which is inside a threaded "
"subtree) to a usable (i.e., I<threaded>)  state;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "I<threaded>: no effect (a \"no-op\")."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"We can't write to a I<cgroup.type> file if the parent's type is I<domain "
"invalid>.  In other words, the cgroups of a threaded subtree must be "
"converted to the I<threaded> state in a top-down manner."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"There are also some constraints that must be satisfied in order to create a "
"threaded subtree rooted at the cgroup I<x>:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"There can be no member processes in the descendant cgroups of I<x>.  (The "
"cgroup I<x> can itself have member processes.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"No domain controllers may be enabled in I<x>'s I<cgroup.subtree_control> "
"file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-rawhide opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If any of the above constraints is violated, then an attempt to write "
"I<\\[dq]threaded\\[dq]> to a I<cgroup.type> file fails with the error "
"B<ENOTSUP>."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-rawhide opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "The \\[dq]domain threaded\\[dq] cgroup type"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"According to the pathways described above, the type of a cgroup can change "
"to I<domain threaded> in either of the following cases:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-rawhide opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The string I<\\[dq]threaded\\[dq]> is written to a child cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A threaded controller is enabled inside the cgroup and a process is made a "
"member of the cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A I<domain threaded> cgroup, I<x>, can revert to the type I<domain> if the "
"above conditions no longer hold true\\[em]that is, if all I<threaded> child "
"cgroups of I<x> are removed and either I<x> no longer has threaded "
"controllers enabled or no longer has member processes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "When a I<domain threaded> cgroup I<x> reverts to the type I<domain>:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"All I<domain invalid> descendants of I<x> that are not in lower-level "
"threaded subtrees revert to the type I<domain>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The root cgroups in any lower-level threaded subtrees revert to the type "
"I<domain threaded>."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Exceptions for the root cgroup"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-rawhide opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The root cgroup of the v2 hierarchy is treated exceptionally: it can be the "
"parent of both I<domain> and I<threaded> cgroups.  If the string "
"I<\\[dq]threaded\\[dq]> is written to the I<cgroup.type> file of one of the "
"children of the root cgroup, then"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The type of that cgroup becomes I<threaded>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The type of any descendants of that cgroup that are not part of lower-level "
"threaded subtrees changes to I<domain invalid>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Note that in this case, there is no cgroup whose type becomes I<domain "
"threaded>.  (Notionally, the root cgroup can be considered as the threaded "
"root for the cgroup whose type was changed to I<threaded>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The aim of this exceptional treatment for the root cgroup is to allow a "
"threaded cgroup that employs the I<cpu> controller to be placed as high as "
"possible in the hierarchy, so as to minimize the (small) cost of traversing "
"the cgroup hierarchy."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-rawhide opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "The cgroups v2 \\[dq]cpu\\[dq] controller and realtime threads"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-rawhide opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"As at Linux 4.19, the cgroups v2 I<cpu> controller does not support control "
"of realtime threads (specifically threads scheduled under any of the "
"policies B<SCHED_FIFO>, B<SCHED_RR>, described B<SCHED_DEADLINE>; see "
"B<sched>(7)).  Therefore, the I<cpu> controller can be enabled in the root "
"cgroup only if all realtime threads are in the root cgroup.  (If there are "
"realtime threads in nonroot cgroups, then a B<write>(2)  of the string "
"I<\\[dq]+cpu\\[dq]> to the I<cgroup.subtree_control> file fails with the "
"error B<EINVAL>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On some systems, B<systemd>(1)  places certain realtime threads in nonroot "
"cgroups in the v2 hierarchy.  On such systems, these threads must first be "
"moved to the root cgroup before the I<cpu> controller can be enabled."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ERRORS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The following errors can occur for B<mount>(2):"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EBUSY>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"An attempt to mount a cgroup version 1 filesystem specified neither the "
"I<name=> option (to mount a named hierarchy) nor a controller name (or "
"I<all>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A child process created via B<fork>(2)  inherits its parent's cgroup "
"memberships.  A process's cgroup memberships are preserved across "
"B<execve>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<clone3>(2)  B<CLONE_INTO_CGROUP> flag can be used to create a child "
"process that begins its life in a different version 2 cgroup from the parent "
"process."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "/proc files"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/cgroups> (since Linux 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This file contains information about the controllers that are compiled into "
"the kernel.  An example of the contents of this file (reformatted for "
"readability)  is the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#subsys_name    hierarchy      num_cgroups    enabled\n"
"cpuset          4              1              1\n"
"cpu             8              1              1\n"
"cpuacct         8              1              1\n"
"blkio           6              1              1\n"
"memory          3              1              1\n"
"devices         10             84             1\n"
"freezer         7              1              1\n"
"net_cls         9              1              1\n"
"perf_event      5              1              1\n"
"net_prio        9              1              1\n"
"hugetlb         0              1              0\n"
"pids            2              1              1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The fields in this file are, from left to right:"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "[1]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The name of the controller."
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "[2]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The unique ID of the cgroup hierarchy on which this controller is mounted.  "
"If multiple cgroups v1 controllers are bound to the same hierarchy, then "
"each will show the same hierarchy ID in this field.  The value in this field "
"will be 0 if:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "the controller is not mounted on a cgroups v1 hierarchy;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "the controller is bound to the cgroups v2 single unified hierarchy; or"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "the controller is disabled (see below)."
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "[3]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The number of control groups in this hierarchy using this controller."
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "[4]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This field contains the value 1 if this controller is enabled, or 0 if it "
"has been disabled (via the I<cgroup_disable> kernel command-line boot "
"parameter)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/>pidI</cgroup> (since Linux 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This file describes control groups to which the process with the "
"corresponding PID belongs.  The displayed information differs for cgroups "
"version 1 and version 2 hierarchies."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For each cgroup hierarchy of which the process is a member, there is one "
"entry containing three colon-separated fields:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "hierarchy-ID:controller-list:cgroup-path\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "For example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "5:cpuacct,cpu,cpuset:/daemons\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The colon-separated fields are, from left to right:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For cgroups version 1 hierarchies, this field contains a unique hierarchy ID "
"number that can be matched to a hierarchy ID in I</proc/cgroups>.  For the "
"cgroups version 2 hierarchy, this field contains the value 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For cgroups version 1 hierarchies, this field contains a comma-separated "
"list of the controllers bound to the hierarchy.  For the cgroups version 2 "
"hierarchy, this field is empty."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This field contains the pathname of the control group in the hierarchy to "
"which the process belongs.  This pathname is relative to the mount point of "
"the hierarchy."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "/sys/kernel/cgroup files"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</sys/kernel/cgroup/delegate> (since Linux 4.15)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 01ee6cfb1483fe57c9cbd8e73817dfbf9bacffd3
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This file exports a list of the cgroups v2 files (one per line) that are "
"delegatable (i.e., whose ownership should be changed to the user ID of the "
"delegatee).  In the future, the set of delegatable files may change or grow, "
"and this file provides a way for the kernel to inform user-space "
"applications of which files must be delegated.  As at Linux 4.15, one sees "
"the following when inspecting this file:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ B<cat /sys/kernel/cgroup/delegate>\n"
"cgroup.procs\n"
"cgroup.subtree_control\n"
"cgroup.threads\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</sys/kernel/cgroup/features> (since Linux 4.15)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 5f2e673405b742be64e7c3604ed4ed3ac14f35ce
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Over time, the set of cgroups v2 features that are provided by the kernel "
"may change or grow, or some features may not be enabled by default.  This "
"file provides a way for user-space applications to discover what features "
"the running kernel supports and has enabled.  Features are listed one per "
"line:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ B<cat /sys/kernel/cgroup/features>\n"
"nsdelegate\n"
"memory_localevents\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The entries that can appear in this file are:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The kernel supports the I<memory_localevents> mount option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The kernel supports the I<nsdelegate> mount option."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<memory_recursiveprot> (since Linux 5.7)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 8a931f801340c2be10552c7b5622d5f4852f3a36
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The kernel supports the I<memory_recursiveprot> mount option."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<prlimit>(1), B<systemd>(1), B<systemd-cgls>(1), B<systemd-cgtop>(1), "
"B<clone>(2), B<ioprio_set>(2), B<perf_event_open>(2), B<setrlimit>(2), "
"B<cgroup_namespaces>(7), B<cpuset>(7), B<namespaces>(7), B<sched>(7), "
"B<user_namespaces>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The kernel source file I<Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-02-05"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "Cgroups v2 \"no internal processes\" rule"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"Writing the string I<\"max\"> to this file means that no limit is imposed.  "
"The default value in this file is I<\"max\" .>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"Writing the string I<\"max\"> to this file means that no limit is imposed.  "
"The default value in this file is I<\"max\">."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"This is a cgroup inside a threaded subtree that is in an \"invalid\" state.  "
"Processes can't be added to the cgroup, and controllers can't be enabled for "
"the cgroup.  The only thing that can be done with this cgroup (other than "
"deleting it)  is to convert it to a I<threaded> cgroup by writing the string "
"I<\"threaded\"> to the I<cgroup.type> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"We write the string I<\"threaded\"> to the I<cgroup.type> file of a cgroup "
"I<y/z> that currently has the type I<domain>.  This has the following "
"effects:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"We write the string I<\"threaded\"> to each of the I<domain invalid> cgroups "
"under I<y>, in order to convert them to the type I<threaded>.  As a "
"consequence of this step, all threads under the threaded root now have the "
"type I<threaded> and the threaded subtree is now fully usable.  The "
"requirement to write I<\"threaded\"> to each of these cgroups is somewhat "
"cumbersome, but allows for possible future extensions to the thread-mode "
"model."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"All of the descendant cgroups of I<x> that were not already of type "
"I<threaded> are converted to type I<domain invalid>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"As before, we make the threaded subtree usable by writing the string "
"I<\"threaded\"> to each of the I<domain invalid> cgroups under I<y>, in "
"order to convert them to the type I<threaded>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"Only the string I<\"threaded\"> may be written.  In other words, the only "
"explicit transition that is possible is to convert a I<domain> cgroup to "
"type I<threaded>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"The effect of writing I<\"threaded\"> depends on the current value in "
"I<cgroup.type>, as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"If any of the above constraints is violated, then an attempt to write "
"I<\"threaded\"> to a I<cgroup.type> file fails with the error B<ENOTSUP>."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "The \"domain threaded\" cgroup type"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid "The string I<\"threaded\"> is written to a child cgroup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"The root cgroup of the v2 hierarchy is treated exceptionally: it can be the "
"parent of both I<domain> and I<threaded> cgroups.  If the string "
"I<\"threaded\"> is written to the I<cgroup.type> file of one of the children "
"of the root cgroup, then"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "The cgroups v2 \"cpu\" controller and realtime threads"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm fedora-40 mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"As at Linux 4.19, the cgroups v2 I<cpu> controller does not support control "
"of realtime threads (specifically threads scheduled under any of the "
"policies B<SCHED_FIFO>, B<SCHED_RR>, described B<SCHED_DEADLINE>; see "
"B<sched>(7)).  Therefore, the I<cpu> controller can be enabled in the root "
"cgroup only if all realtime threads are in the root cgroup.  (If there are "
"realtime threads in nonroot cgroups, then a B<write>(2)  of the string "
"I<\"+cpu\"> to the I<cgroup.subtree_control> file fails with the error "
"B<EINVAL>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/cgroup> (since Linux 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: fedora-40 mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-10-31"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: fedora-40 mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: fedora-rawhide
#, no-wrap
msgid "2024-03-05"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: fedora-rawhide
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-04-03"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
msgstr ""