# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-06-01 05:53+0200\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "glob" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "2024-05-02" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: archlinux debian-unstable #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.8" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "NAME" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "glob - globbing pathnames" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "DESCRIPTION" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Long ago, in UNIX\\ V6, there was a program I that would expand " "wildcard patterns. Soon afterward this became a shell built-in." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "These days there is also a library routine B(3) that will perform " "this function for a user program." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "The rules are as follows (POSIX.2, 3.13)." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Wildcard matching" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A string is a wildcard pattern if it contains one of the characters \\[aq]?" "\\[aq], \\[aq]*\\[aq], or \\[aq][\\[aq]. Globbing is the operation that " "expands a wildcard pattern into the list of pathnames matching the pattern. " "Matching is defined by:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "A \\[aq]?\\[aq] (not between brackets) matches any single character." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "A \\[aq]*\\[aq] (not between brackets) matches any string, including the " "empty string." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "An expression \"I<[...]>\" where the first character after the leading \\[aq]" "[\\[aq] is not an \\[aq]!\\[aq] matches a single character, namely any of " "the characters enclosed by the brackets. The string enclosed by the " "brackets cannot be empty; therefore \\[aq]]\\[aq] can be allowed between the " "brackets, provided that it is the first character. (Thus, \"I<[][!]>\" " "matches the three characters \\[aq][\\[aq], \\[aq]]\\[aq], and \\[aq]!" "\\[aq].)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "There is one special convention: two characters separated by \\[aq]-\\[aq] " "denote a range. (Thus, \"I<[A-Fa-f0-9]>\" is equivalent to " "\"I<[ABCDEFabcdef0123456789]>\".) One may include \\[aq]-\\[aq] in its " "literal meaning by making it the first or last character between the " "brackets. (Thus, \"I<[]-]>\" matches just the two characters \\[aq]]\\[aq] " "and \\[aq]-\\[aq], and \"I<[--0]>\" matches the three characters \\[aq]-" "\\[aq], \\[aq].\\[aq], and \\[aq]0\\[aq], since \\[aq]/\\[aq] cannot be " "matched.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "An expression \"I<[!...]>\" matches a single character, namely any character " "that is not matched by the expression obtained by removing the first \\[aq]!" "\\[aq] from it. (Thus, \"I<[!]a-]>\" matches any single character except " "\\[aq]]\\[aq], \\[aq]a\\[aq], and \\[aq]-\\[aq].)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "One can remove the special meaning of \\[aq]?\\[aq], \\[aq]*\\[aq], and " "\\[aq][\\[aq] by preceding them by a backslash, or, in case this is part of " "a shell command line, enclosing them in quotes. Between brackets these " "characters stand for themselves. Thus, \"I<[[?*\\e]>\" matches the four " "characters \\[aq][\\[aq], \\[aq]?\\[aq], \\[aq]*\\[aq], and \\[aq]\\e\\[aq]." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Pathnames" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Globbing is applied on each of the components of a pathname separately. A " "\\[aq]/\\[aq] in a pathname cannot be matched by a \\[aq]?\\[aq] or " "\\[aq]*\\[aq] wildcard, or by a range like \"I<[.-0]>\". A range containing " "an explicit \\[aq]/\\[aq] character is syntactically incorrect. (POSIX " "requires that syntactically incorrect patterns are left unchanged.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "If a filename starts with a \\[aq].\\[aq], this character must be matched " "explicitly. (Thus, I will not remove .profile, and I " "will not archive all your files; I is better.)" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Empty lists" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "The nice and simple rule given above: \"expand a wildcard pattern into the " "list of matching pathnames\" was the original UNIX definition. It allowed " "one to have patterns that expand into an empty list, as in" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid " xv -wait 0 *.gif *.jpg\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "where perhaps no *.gif files are present (and this is not an error). " "However, POSIX requires that a wildcard pattern is left unchanged when it is " "syntactically incorrect, or the list of matching pathnames is empty. With " "I one can force the classical behavior using this command:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "shopt -s nullglob\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "(Similar problems occur elsewhere. For example, where old scripts have" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "rm \\`find . -name \"*\\[ti]\"\\`\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "new scripts require" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "rm -f nosuchfile \\`find . -name \"*\\[ti]\"\\`\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "to avoid error messages from I called with an empty argument list.)" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "NOTES" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Regular expressions" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Note that wildcard patterns are not regular expressions, although they are a " "bit similar. First of all, they match filenames, rather than text, and " "secondly, the conventions are not the same: for example, in a regular " "expression \\[aq]*\\[aq] means zero or more copies of the preceding thing." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Now that regular expressions have bracket expressions where the negation is " "indicated by a \\[aq]\\[ha]\\[aq], POSIX has declared the effect of a " "wildcard pattern \"I<[\\[ha]...]>\" to be undefined." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Character classes and internationalization" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "Of course ranges were originally meant to be ASCII ranges, so that \"I<[\\ -" "%]>\" stands for \"I<[\\ !\"#$%]>\" and \"I<[a-z]>\" stands for \"any " "lowercase letter\". Some UNIX implementations generalized this so that a " "range X-Y stands for the set of characters with code between the codes for X " "and for Y. However, this requires the user to know the character coding in " "use on the local system, and moreover, is not convenient if the collating " "sequence for the local alphabet differs from the ordering of the character " "codes. Therefore, POSIX extended the bracket notation greatly, both for " "wildcard patterns and for regular expressions. In the above we saw three " "types of items that can occur in a bracket expression: namely (i) the " "negation, (ii) explicit single characters, and (iii) ranges. POSIX " "specifies ranges in an internationally more useful way and adds three more " "types:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "(iii) Ranges X-Y comprise all characters that fall between X and Y " "(inclusive) in the current collating sequence as defined by the " "B category in the current locale." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "(iv) Named character classes, like" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "" "[:alnum:] [:alpha:] [:blank:] [:cntrl:]\n" "[:digit:] [:graph:] [:lower:] [:print:]\n" "[:punct:] [:space:] [:upper:] [:xdigit:]\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "so that one can say \"I<[[:lower:]]>\" instead of \"I<[a-z]>\", and have " "things work in Denmark, too, where there are three letters past " "\\[aq]z\\[aq] in the alphabet. These character classes are defined by the " "B category in the current locale." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "(v) Collating symbols, like \"I<[.ch.]>\" or \"I<[.a-acute.]>\", where the " "string between \"I<[.>\" and \"I<.]>\" is a collating element defined for " "the current locale. Note that this may be a multicharacter element." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 #: opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "" "(vi) Equivalence class expressions, like \"I<[=a=]>\", where the string " "between \"I<[=>\" and \"I<=]>\" is any collating element from its " "equivalence class, as defined for the current locale. For example, " "\"I<[[=a=]]>\" might be equivalent to \"I<[a\\('a\\(`a\\(:a\\(^a]>\", that " "is, to \"I<[a[.a-acute.][.a-grave.][.a-umlaut.][.a-circumflex.]]>\"." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "SEE ALSO" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide #: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed msgid "B(1), B(3), B(3), B(7), B(7)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: debian-bookworm #, no-wrap msgid "2023-02-05" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: debian-bookworm #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm msgid "" "There is one special convention: two characters separated by \\[aq]-\\[aq] " "denote a range. (Thus, \"I<[A-Fa-f0-9]>\" is equivalent to " "\"I<[ABCDEFabcdef0123456789]>\".) One may include \\[aq]-\\[aq] in its " "literal meaning by making it the first or last character between the " "brackets. (Thus, \"I<[]-]>\" matches just the two characters \\[aq]]\\[aq] " "and \\[aq]-\\[aq], and \"I<[--0]>\" matches the three characters \\[aq]-" "\\[aq], \\[aq].\\[aq], \\[aq]0\\[aq], since \\[aq]/\\[aq] cannot be matched.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: debian-bookworm debian-unstable msgid "" "(vi) Equivalence class expressions, like \"I<[=a=]>\", where the string " "between \"I<[=>\" and \"I<=]>\" is any collating element from its " "equivalence class, as defined for the current locale. For example, " "\"I<[[=a=]]>\" might be equivalent to \"I<[a\\['a]\\[`a]\\[:a]\\[^a]]>\", " "that is, to \"I<[a[.a-acute.][.a-grave.][.a-umlaut.][.a-circumflex.]]>\"." msgstr "" #. type: TH #: fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron #, no-wrap msgid "2023-10-31" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: fedora-40 mageia-cauldron #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: fedora-rawhide #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "2023-03-08" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: opensuse-leap-15-6 #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: opensuse-tumbleweed #, no-wrap msgid "Linux man-pages (unreleased)" msgstr ""