'\" t .TH GPINYIN 1 "7 February 2022" "groff 1.22.4" .SH NAME gpinyin \- use Hanyu Pinyin Chinese in roff . .\" ==================================================================== .\" Legal Terms .\" ==================================================================== .\" .\" Copyright (C) 2014-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. .\" .\" This file is part of gpinyin, which is part of groff, a free .\" software project. .\" .\" You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU .\" General Public License version 2 as published by the Free Software .\" Foundation. .\" .\" The license text is available in the internet at .\" . . .\" ==================================================================== .\" Local definitions .\" ==================================================================== . .\" Define a string for the TeX logo. .ie t .ds TeX T\h'-.1667m'\v'.224m'E\v'-.224m'\h'-.125m'X .el .ds TeX TeX . .\" Define a string for an ellipsis. .ie t .ds EL \f[S]\N'188'\f[P]\" .el .ds EL \&.\|.\|.\&\" . . .\" ==================================================================== .SH "SYNOPSIS" .\" ==================================================================== . .SY gpinyin .RI [ input-file \*(EL] .YS . .SY gpinyin .B \-h .SY gpinyin .B \-\-help .YS . .SY gpinyin .B \-v .SY gpinyin .B \-\-version .YS . . .\" ==================================================================== .SH DESCRIPTION .\" ==================================================================== . .B gpinyin is a preprocessor for .BR \%groff (1) that facilitates use of the Hanyu Pinyin .BR groff (7) files. . Pinyin is a method for writing the Chinese language with the Latin alphabet. . The Chinese language consists of more than four hundred syllables, each with one of five different tones. . In Pinyin, a syllable is written in the Latin alphabet and a numeric tone indicator can be appended to each syllable. . . .P Each .I input-file is a file name or the hyphen-minus character \[lq]\-\[rq] to indicate that standard input should be read. . As usual, the argument \[lq]\-\-\[rq] can be used in order to force interpretation of all remaining arguments as file names, even if an .I input-file argument begins with the hyphen-minus character. . . .\" ==================================================================== .SS "Pinyin Sections" .\" ==================================================================== . Pinyin sections in .I groff files are enclosed by two .B .pinyin requests with different arguments. . The starting request is .RS .EX \&.pinyin start .EE .RE or .RS .EX \&.pinyin begin .EE .RE and the ending request is .RS .EX \&.pinyin stop .EE .RE or .RS .EX \&.pinyin end .EE .RE \&. . . .\" ==================================================================== .SS "Syllables" .\" ==================================================================== . The spoken Chinese language is based on about 411 .IR syllables ; see .UR http://\:en.wikipedia.org/\:wiki/\:Pinyin_table .UE . . . .P In Pinyin, each syllable consists of one to six letters from the Latin alphabet; these letters comprise the fifty-two upper- and lowercase letters from the ASCII character set, plus the letter \[lq]U\[rq] with dieresis (umlaut) in both cases\[em]in other words, the members of the set \[lq][a\[en]zA\[en]Z\[:u]\[:U]]\[rq]. . . .P In .I groff input, all ASCII letters are written as themselves. . The \[lq]u with dieresis\[rq] can be written as \[lq]\e[:u]\[rq] in lowercase or \[lq]\e[:U]\[rq] in uppercase. . Within .B .pinyin sections, .I gpinyin supports the form \[lq]ue\[rq] for lowercase and the forms \[lq]Ue\[rq] and \[lq]UE\[rq] for uppercase. . . .\" ==================================================================== .SS "Tones" .\" ==================================================================== . Each syllable has exactly one of five .IR tones . . The fifth tone is not explicitly written at all, but each of the first through fourth tones is indicated with a diacritic above a specific vowel within the syllable. . . .P In a .I gpinyin source file, these tones are written by adding a numeral in the range 0 to 5 after the syllable. . The tone numbers 1 to 4 are transformed into accents above vowels in the output. . The tone numbers 0 and 5 are synonymous. . . .P The following table summarizes the tones. . Some output devices will not be able to render every output example. . . .P .if t .ne 8 \" Try to keep the table on one page for printed output. .TS l l l l l. Tone Description Diacritic Example Input Example Output _ first flat \[a-] ma1 m\[u0061_0304] second rising \[aa] ma2 m\[u0061_0301] third falling-rising \[ah] ma3 m\[u0061_030C] fourth falling \[ga] ma4 m\[u0061_0300] fifth neutral (none) ma0 ma \^ \^ \^ ma5 \^ .TE . . .P The neutral tone number can be omitted from a word-final syllable, but not otherwise. . . .\" ==================================================================== .SH OPTIONS .\" ==================================================================== . .TP .B \-h .TQ .B \-\-help Print usage information and exit. . . .TP .B \-v .TQ .B \-\-version Print version information and exit. . . .\" ==================================================================== .SH AUTHORS .\" ==================================================================== . .B gpinyin was written by .MT Bernd Warken .ME . . . .\" ==================================================================== .SH "SEE ALSO" .\" ==================================================================== . Useful documents on the World Wide Web related to Pinyin include .RS 4n .br .UR http://\:en.wikipedia.org/\:wiki/\:Pinyin \[lq]Pinyin\[rq] (Wikipedia) .UE , . .br .UR http://\:en.wikipedia.org/\:wiki/\:Pinyin_table \[lq]Pinyin table\[rq] (Wikipedia) .UE , . .\" XXX: dead link .\".br .\".UR http://\:www.sino.uni\-heidelberg.de/\:course_resources/\:s02/\:\ .\"py\-vowels.htm .\".I Unicode vowels for Pinyin .\".UE , .\". .br .UR http://\:www.foolsworkshop.com/\:ptou/\:index.html .I Pinyin to Unicode .UE , . .br .UR http://\:www.mandarintools.com/ .I On-line Chinese Tools .UE , . .br .UR http://\:www.pinyin.info/\:index.html .I Pinyin.info: a guide to the writing of Mandarin Chinese in \ romanization .UE , . .br .UR http://\:www.pinyin.info/\:rules/\:where.html \[lq]Where do the tone marks go?\[rq] (Pinyin.info) .UE , . .br .UR http://\:git.savannah.gnu.org/\:gitweb/\:\ ?p=cjk.git;a=blob_plain;f=doc/\:pinyin.txt;hb=HEAD pinyin.txt from the CJK macro package for \*[TeX] .UE , .br .RS -4n and .RE . .br .UR http://\:git.savannah.gnu.org/\:gitweb/\:\ ?p=cjk.git;a=blob_plain;f=texinput/p\:inyin.sty;hb=HEAD pinyin.sty from the CJK macro package for \*[TeX] .UE . . .RE . .P .BR \%groff (1), .BR \%grog (1), and .BR \%groffer (1) explain how to view .I roff documents. . . .P .BR \%groff (7) and .BR \%groff_char (7) are comprehensive references covering the language elements of GNU .I roff and the available glyph repertoire, respectively. . . .\" ==================================================================== .\" Editor settings .\" ==================================================================== . .\" Local Variables: .\" mode: nroff .\" End: .\" vim: set filetype=groff: