.\" Copyright 2003,2004 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs. .\" and Copyright 2007 Lee Schermerhorn, Hewlett Packard .\" .\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM_PROF) .\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this .\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are .\" preserved on all copies. .\" .\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this .\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the .\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a .\" permission notice identical to this one. .\" .\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this .\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no .\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from .\" the use of the information contained herein. .\" .\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by .\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work. .\" %%%LICENSE_END .\" .\" 2006-02-03, mtk, substantial wording changes and other improvements .\" 2007-08-27, Lee Schermerhorn .\" more precise specification of behavior. .\" .TH set_mempolicy 2 2023-03-30 "Linux man-pages 6.04" .SH NAME set_mempolicy \- set default NUMA memory policy for a thread and its children .SH LIBRARY NUMA (Non-Uniform Memory Access) policy library .RI ( libnuma ", " \-lnuma ) .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B "#include " .PP .BI "long set_mempolicy(int " mode ", const unsigned long *" nodemask , .BI " unsigned long " maxnode ); .fi .SH DESCRIPTION .BR set_mempolicy () sets the NUMA memory policy of the calling thread, which consists of a policy mode and zero or more nodes, to the values specified by the .IR mode , .IR nodemask , and .I maxnode arguments. .PP A NUMA machine has different memory controllers with different distances to specific CPUs. The memory policy defines from which node memory is allocated for the thread. .PP This system call defines the default policy for the thread. The thread policy governs allocation of pages in the process's address space outside of memory ranges controlled by a more specific policy set by .BR mbind (2). The thread default policy also controls allocation of any pages for memory-mapped files mapped using the .BR mmap (2) call with the .B MAP_PRIVATE flag and that are only read (loaded) from by the thread and of memory-mapped files mapped using the .BR mmap (2) call with the .B MAP_SHARED flag, regardless of the access type. The policy is applied only when a new page is allocated for the thread. For anonymous memory this is when the page is first touched by the thread. .PP The .I mode argument must specify one of .BR MPOL_DEFAULT , .BR MPOL_BIND , .BR MPOL_INTERLEAVE , .BR MPOL_PREFERRED , or .B MPOL_LOCAL (which are described in detail below). All modes except .B MPOL_DEFAULT require the caller to specify the node or nodes to which the mode applies, via the .I nodemask argument. .PP The .I mode argument may also include an optional .IR "mode flag" . The supported .I "mode flags" are: .TP .BR MPOL_F_NUMA_BALANCING " (since Linux 5.12)" .\" commit bda420b985054a3badafef23807c4b4fa38a3dff When .I mode is .BR MPOL_BIND , enable the kernel NUMA balancing for the task if it is supported by the kernel. If the flag isn't supported by the kernel, or is used with .I mode other than .BR MPOL_BIND , \-1 is returned and .I errno is set to .BR EINVAL . .TP .BR MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES " (since Linux 2.6.26)" A nonempty .I nodemask specifies node IDs that are relative to the set of node IDs allowed by the process's current cpuset. .TP .BR MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES " (since Linux 2.6.26)" A nonempty .I nodemask specifies physical node IDs. Linux will not remap the .I nodemask when the process moves to a different cpuset context, nor when the set of nodes allowed by the process's current cpuset context changes. .PP .I nodemask points to a bit mask of node IDs that contains up to .I maxnode bits. The bit mask size is rounded to the next multiple of .IR "sizeof(unsigned long)" , but the kernel will use bits only up to .IR maxnode . A NULL value of .I nodemask or a .I maxnode value of zero specifies the empty set of nodes. If the value of .I maxnode is zero, the .I nodemask argument is ignored. .PP Where a .I nodemask is required, it must contain at least one node that is on-line, allowed by the process's current cpuset context, (unless the .B MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES mode flag is specified), and contains memory. If the .B MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES is set in .I mode and a required .I nodemask contains no nodes that are allowed by the process's current cpuset context, the memory policy reverts to .IR "local allocation" . This effectively overrides the specified policy until the process's cpuset context includes one or more of the nodes specified by .IR nodemask . .PP The .I mode argument must include one of the following values: .TP .B MPOL_DEFAULT This mode specifies that any nondefault thread memory policy be removed, so that the memory policy "falls back" to the system default policy. The system default policy is "local allocation"\[em]that is, allocate memory on the node of the CPU that triggered the allocation. .I nodemask must be specified as NULL. If the "local node" contains no free memory, the system will attempt to allocate memory from a "near by" node. .TP .B MPOL_BIND This mode defines a strict policy that restricts memory allocation to the nodes specified in .IR nodemask . If .I nodemask specifies more than one node, page allocations will come from the node with the lowest numeric node ID first, until that node contains no free memory. Allocations will then come from the node with the next highest node ID specified in .I nodemask and so forth, until none of the specified nodes contain free memory. Pages will not be allocated from any node not specified in the .IR nodemask . .TP .B MPOL_INTERLEAVE This mode interleaves page allocations across the nodes specified in .I nodemask in numeric node ID order. This optimizes for bandwidth instead of latency by spreading out pages and memory accesses to those pages across multiple nodes. However, accesses to a single page will still be limited to the memory bandwidth of a single node. .\" NOTE: the following sentence doesn't make sense in the context .\" of set_mempolicy() -- no memory area specified. .\" To be effective the memory area should be fairly large, .\" at least 1 MB or bigger. .TP .B MPOL_PREFERRED This mode sets the preferred node for allocation. The kernel will try to allocate pages from this node first and fall back to "near by" nodes if the preferred node is low on free memory. If .I nodemask specifies more than one node ID, the first node in the mask will be selected as the preferred node. If the .I nodemask and .I maxnode arguments specify the empty set, then the policy specifies "local allocation" (like the system default policy discussed above). .TP .BR MPOL_LOCAL " (since Linux 3.8)" .\" commit 479e2802d09f1e18a97262c4c6f8f17ae5884bd8 .\" commit f2a07f40dbc603c15f8b06e6ec7f768af67b424f This mode specifies "local allocation"; the memory is allocated on the node of the CPU that triggered the allocation (the "local node"). The .I nodemask and .I maxnode arguments must specify the empty set. If the "local node" is low on free memory, the kernel will try to allocate memory from other nodes. The kernel will allocate memory from the "local node" whenever memory for this node is available. If the "local node" is not allowed by the process's current cpuset context, the kernel will try to allocate memory from other nodes. The kernel will allocate memory from the "local node" whenever it becomes allowed by the process's current cpuset context. .PP The thread memory policy is preserved across an .BR execve (2), and is inherited by child threads created using .BR fork (2) or .BR clone (2). .SH RETURN VALUE On success, .BR set_mempolicy () returns 0; on error, \-1 is returned and .I errno is set to indicate the error. .SH ERRORS .TP .B EFAULT Part of all of the memory range specified by .I nodemask and .I maxnode points outside your accessible address space. .TP .B EINVAL .I mode is invalid. Or, .I mode is .B MPOL_DEFAULT and .I nodemask is nonempty, or .I mode is .B MPOL_BIND or .B MPOL_INTERLEAVE and .I nodemask is empty. Or, .I maxnode specifies more than a page worth of bits. Or, .I nodemask specifies one or more node IDs that are greater than the maximum supported node ID. Or, none of the node IDs specified by .I nodemask are on-line and allowed by the process's current cpuset context, or none of the specified nodes contain memory. Or, the .I mode argument specified both .B MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES and .BR MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES . Or, the .B MPOL_F_NUMA_BALANCING isn't supported by the kernel, or is used with .I mode other than .BR MPOL_BIND . .TP .B ENOMEM Insufficient kernel memory was available. .SH STANDARDS Linux. .SH HISTORY Linux 2.6.7. .SH NOTES Memory policy is not remembered if the page is swapped out. When such a page is paged back in, it will use the policy of the thread or memory range that is in effect at the time the page is allocated. .PP For information on library support, see .BR numa (7). .SH SEE ALSO .BR get_mempolicy (2), .BR getcpu (2), .BR mbind (2), .BR mmap (2), .BR numa (3), .BR cpuset (7), .BR numa (7), .BR numactl (8)