path: root/po/es/man7/charsets.7.po

# Spanish translation of manpages
# This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package.
# Copyright © of this file:
# Gerardo Aburruzaga García <gerardo.aburruzaga@uca.es>, 1998.
# Juan Piernas <piernas@ditec.um.es>, 1998, 2000, 2005.
# Miguel Pérez Ibars <mpi79470@alu.um.es>, 2005.
# Marcos Fouces <marcos@debian.org>, 2021-2024.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: manpages-l10n\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-06-01 05:44+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-06-02 19:48+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Marcos Fouces <marcos@debian.org>\n"
"Language-Team: Spanish <debian-l10n-spanish@lists.debian.org>\n"
"Language: es\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "charsets"
msgstr "charsets"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "2024-05-02"
msgstr "2 Mayo 2024"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-unstable
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.8"
msgstr "Páginas de Manual de Linux 6.8"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr "NOMBRE"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "charsets - character set standards and internationalization"
msgstr ""
"charsets - internacionalización y estándares de conjuntos de caracteres"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr "DESCRIPCIÓN"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This manual page gives an overview on different character set standards and "
"how they were used on Linux before Unicode became ubiquitous.  Some of this "
"information is still helpful for people working with legacy systems and "
"documents."
msgstr ""
"Esta página de manual proporciona un breve repaso a los distintos estándares "
"de codificación de caracteres y el modo en que se emplearon en Linux antes "
"de que Unicode los reemplazase a todos. Alguna de esta información continúa "
"siendo útil para las personas que trabajen con equipo o documentación "
"antiguos."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Standards discussed include such as ASCII, GB 2312, ISO/IEC\\ 8859, JIS, "
"KOI8-R, KS, and Unicode."
msgstr ""
"Los estándares que se comentan son: ASCII, GB 2312, ISO/IEC\\ 8859, JIS, "
"KOI8-R, KS, y Unicode."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The primary emphasis is on character sets that were actually used by locale "
"character sets, not the myriad others that could be found in data from other "
"systems."
msgstr ""
"Se enfatiza principalmente en las codificaciones que se pueden encontrar "
"actualmente en las distintas localizaciones en lugar de en la miríada de "
"ellas que pueden encontrarse en otros sistemas."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ASCII"
msgstr "ASCII"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"ASCII (American Standard Code For Information Interchange) is the original 7-"
"bit character set, originally designed for American English.  Also known as "
"US-ASCII.  It is currently described by the ISO/IEC\\ 646:1991 IRV "
"(International Reference Version) standard."
msgstr ""
"ASCII (American Standard Code For Information Interchange) es el conjunto "
"original de caracteres de 7 bits, originalmente diseñado para el inglés "
"americano, también conocido como US-ASCII. Actualmente se define en la norma "
"la ISO/IEC\\ 646:1991 IRV (International Reference Version)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Various ASCII variants replacing the dollar sign with other currency symbols "
"and replacing punctuation with non-English alphabetic characters to cover "
"German, French, Spanish, and others in 7 bits emerged.  All are deprecated; "
"glibc does not support locales whose character sets are not true supersets "
"of ASCII."
msgstr ""
"Existen diversas variantes del ASCII de 7 bits que reemplazan el signo del "
"dolar por otros símbolos monetarios y caracteres de puntuación con "
"caracteres alfabéticos no ingleses para cubrir el alemán, frances, español y "
"otros. No se recomienda usar ningún de ellos; la libc de GNU no soporta "
"localizaciones cuyos conjuntos de caracteres no sean verdaderos "
"superconjuntos del ASCII."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"As Unicode, when using UTF-8, is ASCII-compatible, plain ASCII text still "
"renders properly on modern UTF-8 using systems."
msgstr ""
"Si se usa UTF-8, Unicode es compatible con ASCII por lo que el antiguo ASCII "
"se verá perfectamente en sistemas modernos que utilicen UTF-8."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859"
msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"ISO/IEC\\ 8859 is a series of 15 8-bit character sets, all of which have "
"ASCII in their low (7-bit) half, invisible control characters in positions "
"128 to 159, and 96 fixed-width graphics in positions 160\\[en]255."
msgstr ""
"ISO/IEC\\ 8859 es una serie de 15 conjuntos de caracteres de 8 bits, todos "
"los ellos formados por ASCII en su inferior (7 bits), caracteres invisibles "
"de control en las posiciones 128 a 159, y 96 gráficos de ancho fijo en "
"posiciones 160\\[en]255."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Of these, the most important is ISO/IEC\\ 8859-1 (\"Latin Alphabet No. 1\" / "
"Latin-1).  It was widely adopted and supported by different systems, and is "
"gradually being replaced with Unicode.  The ISO/IEC\\ 8859-1 characters are "
"also the first 256 characters of Unicode."
msgstr ""
"De estos, el más importante es ISO/IEC\\ 8859-1 'Alfabeto Latino No. 1' / "
"Latin-1).  Gozó de un amplísimo grado de soporte por diferentes sistemas "
"pero en la actualidad está siendo sustituido gradualmente por Unicode. Los "
"caracteres de ISO/IEC\\ 8859-1 son también los primeros 256 caracteres de "
"Unicode."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Console support for the other ISO/IEC\\ 8859 character sets is available "
"under Linux through user-mode utilities (such as B<setfont>(8))  that modify "
"keyboard bindings and the EGA graphics table and employ the \"user mapping\" "
"font table in the console driver."
msgstr ""
"El soporte de la consola para los otros conjuntos de caracteres ISO/IEC\\ "
"8859 está disponible en Linux en varias utilidades (como B<setfont>(8)) que "
"modifican las relaciones entre el teclado y la tabla gráfica EGA y emplean "
"la tabla de fuentes 'user mapping' en el driver de la consola."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Here are brief descriptions of each character set:"
msgstr "Aquí se presentan breves descripciones de cada conjunto:"

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-1 (Latin-1)"
msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-1 (Latin-1)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Latin-1 covers many European languages such as Albanian, Basque, Danish, "
"English, Faroese, Galician, Icelandic, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, "
"Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish.  The lack of the ligatures Dutch IJ/ij, "
"French œ, and „German“ quotation marks was considered tolerable."
msgstr ""
"Latin-1 cubre la mayoría de lenguajes de Europa Occidental como el albanés, "
"vasco, danés, inglés, feroés, gallego, islandés, irlandés, italiano, "
"noruego, portugués, español y sueco. La falta de las ligaduras neerlandesas "
"IJ/ij, de la francesa œ y de las antiguas comillas alemanas „“ se consideraba "
"aceptable."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-2 (Latin-2)"
msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-2 (Latin-2)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Latin-2 supports many Latin-written Central and East European languages such "
"as Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, German, Hungarian, Polish, Slovak, and "
"Slovene.  Replacing Romanian ș/ț with ş/ţ was considered tolerable."
msgstr ""
"Latin-2 es el soporte para la mayoría de las lenguas eslavas y de Centro-"
"Europa que se escriben con caracteres latinos: checo, alemán, húngaro, "
"polaco, rumano, croata, eslovaco y esloveno. Se consideraba aceptable tener "
"que sustituir los caracteres rumanos ș/ț con ş/ţ."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-3 (Latin-3)"
msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-3 (Latin-3)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Latin-3 was designed to cover of Esperanto, Maltese, and Turkish, but ISO/"
"IEC\\ 8859-9 later superseded it for Turkish."
msgstr ""
"El latín-3 fue diseñado para gestionar el esperanto, maltés y turco, pero "
"ISO/IEC\\ 8859-9 fue empleado con posterioridad para el turco."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-4 (Latin-4)"
msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-4 (Latin-4)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Latin-4 introduced letters for North European languages such as Estonian, "
"Latvian, and Lithuanian, but was superseded by ISO/IEC\\ 8859-10 and ISO/"
"IEC\\ 8859-13."
msgstr ""
"El latín-4 incoroporó letras para lenguas del norte de Europa como el "
"estoniano, el letón y el lituano. Poseriormente sustituido por ISO/IEC\\ "
"8859-10 e ISO/IEC\\ 8859-13."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-5"
msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-5"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Cyrillic letters supporting Bulgarian, Byelorussian, Macedonian, Russian, "
"Serbian, and (almost completely) Ukrainian.  It was never widely used, see "
"the discussion of KOI8-R/KOI8-U below."
msgstr ""
"Letras cirílicas para el búlgaro, bielorruso, macedonio, ruso, serbio y "
"(casi por completo) ucraniano. Nunca tuvo un amplio uso. Vea la discusión "
"sobre el KOI8-R/KOI8-U más adelante."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-6"
msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-6"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Was created for Arabic.  The ISO/IEC\\ 8859-6 glyph table is a fixed font of "
"separate letter forms, but a proper display engine should combine these "
"using the proper initial, medial, and final forms."
msgstr ""
"Fue creado para el árabe. La tabla de glifos ISO/IEC\\ 8859-6 es un tipo de "
"letra fijo de formas de letra separadas, pero un visor adecuado debería "
"combinarlas usando las formas inicial, medial y final adecuadas."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-7"
msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-7"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Was created for Modern Greek in 1987, updated in 2003."
msgstr ""
"Fue creado para el griego actual en 1987 y posteriormente actualizado en el "
"año 2003."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-8"
msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-8"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Supports Modern Hebrew without niqud (punctuation signs).  Niqud and full-"
"fledged Biblical Hebrew were outside the scope of this character set."
msgstr ""
"Para el hebreo moderno sin 'niqud' (signos de puntuación). Los 'niqud' y el "
"hebreo bíblico 'oficial' se encuentran fuera del ámbito de este conjunto de "
"caracteres; en Linux se prefiere la codificación UTF-8 para esto."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-9 (Latin-5)"
msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-9 (Latin-5)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This is a variant of Latin-1 that replaces Icelandic letters with Turkish "
"ones."
msgstr ""
"Ésta es una variante del Latin-1 que reemplaza letras islandesas con otras "
"turcas."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-10 (Latin-6)"
msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-10 (Latin-6)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Latin-6 added the Inuit (Greenlandic) and Sami (Lappish) letters that were "
"missing in Latin-4 to cover the entire Nordic area."
msgstr ""
"El Latin 6 añade las últimas letras del inuit (esquimal de Groenlandia) y "
"del sami (lapón) que faltaban en el Latin 4 para cubrir toda el área nórdica."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-11"
msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-11"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Supports the Thai alphabet and is nearly identical to the TIS-620 standard."
msgstr ""
"Implementa el alfabeto tailandés y es prácticamente idéntico al estándar "
"TIS-620."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-12"
msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-12"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "This character set does not exist."
msgstr "Este conjunto de caracteres no existe."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-13 (Latin-7)"
msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-13 (Latin-7)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Supports the Baltic Rim languages; in particular, it includes Latvian "
"characters not found in Latin-4."
msgstr ""
"Para las lenguas de la Ribera del Báltico; en particular, incluye los "
"caracteres letones que no se encuentran en Latin-4."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-14 (Latin-8)"
msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-14 (Latin-8)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This is the Celtic character set, covering Old Irish, Manx, Gaelic, Welsh, "
"Cornish, and Breton."
msgstr ""
"Éste es el conjunto de caracteres celta, que implementa: el antiguo "
"irlandés, el gaélico manx, el galés, el gaélico, el cornuallés y el bretón. "

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-15 (Latin-9)"
msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-15 (Latin-9)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Latin-9 is similar to the widely used Latin-1 but replaces some less common "
"symbols with the Euro sign and French and Finnish letters that were missing "
"in Latin-1."
msgstr ""
"Latin-9 es parecido al -enormemente usado- Latin-1 salvo que reemplaza "
"algunos de los símbolos menos usados con el símbolo del euro y algunos "
"caracteres franceses y finlandeses no incuidos en Latin-1."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-16 (Latin-10)"
msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 8859-16 (Latin-10)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This character set covers many Southeast European languages, and most "
"importantly supports Romanian more completely than Latin-2."
msgstr ""
"Este conjunto abarca muchos idiomas del sudeste de Europa y, lo que es más "
"importante: tiene mejor soporte para el rumano que Latin-2."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "KOI8-R / KOI8-U"
msgstr "KOI8-R / KOI8-U"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"KOI8-R is a non-ISO character set popular in Russia before Unicode.  The "
"lower half is ASCII; the upper is a Cyrillic character set somewhat better "
"designed than ISO/IEC\\ 8859-5.  KOI8-U, based on KOI8-R, has better support "
"for Ukrainian.  Neither of these sets are ISO/IEC\\ 2022 compatible, unlike "
"the ISO/IEC\\ 8859 series."
msgstr ""
"KOI8-R es un conjunto de caracteres no ISO muy usado en Rusia antes de "
"Unicode. La primera mitad está formada por ASCII y la segunda es un conjunto "
"de caracteres cirílicos algo mejor diseñado que ISO/IEC\\ 8859-5. KOI8-U, "
"basado en KOI8R, tiene un mejor soporte para el ucraniano. Ninguno de estos "
"conjuntos son compatibles con ISO/IEC\\ 2022, a diferencia de la serie ISO / "
"IEC\\ 8859."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Console support for KOI8-R is available under Linux through user-mode "
"utilities that modify keyboard bindings and the EGA graphics table, and "
"employ the \"user mapping\" font table in the console driver."
msgstr ""
"El soporte de consola para el KOI8-R está disponible en Linux a través de "
"utilidades de usuario (como B<setfont>(8)) que modifican las asociaciones de "
"teclas y la tabla de gráficos EGA y emplean la tabla de tipos de letra de "
"\"correspondencia de usuario\" en el controlador de consola."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "GB 2312"
msgstr "GB 2312"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"GB 2312 is a mainland Chinese national standard character set used to "
"express simplified Chinese.  Just like JIS X 0208, characters are mapped "
"into a 94x94 two-byte matrix used to construct EUC-CN.  EUC-CN is the most "
"important encoding for Linux and includes ASCII and GB 2312.  Note that EUC-"
"CN is often called as GB, GB 2312, or CN-GB."
msgstr ""
"GB 2312 es un conjunto nacional estándar de caracteres para el chino "
"continental que se usa para expresar chino simplificado. Al igual que JIS X "
"0208, los caracteres se proyectan en una matriz de 94x94 celdas de dos bytes "
"que se usa para construir la codificación EUC-CN. EUC-CN es la codificación "
"más importante para Linux e incluye ASCII y GB 2312. Dese cuenta que EUC-CN "
"frecuentemente se identifica como GB, GB 2312 o CN-GB."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Big5"
msgstr "Big5"

#.  Thanks to Tomohiro KUBOTA for the following sections about
#.  national standards.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Big5 was a popular character set in Taiwan to express traditional Chinese.  "
"(Big5 is both a character set and an encoding.)  It is a superset of ASCII.  "
"Non-ASCII characters are expressed in two bytes.  Bytes 0xa1\\[en]0xfe are "
"used as leading bytes for two-byte characters.  Big5 and its extension were "
"widely used in Taiwan and Hong Kong.  It is not ISO/IEC\\ 2022 compliant."
msgstr ""
"Big5 fue un conjunto de caracteres muy usado en Taiwán para expresar el "
"chino tradicional, es al mismo tiempo un conjunto de caracteres y una "
"codificación. Es un superconjunto de ASCII. Los caracteres no ASCII se "
"expresan en dos bytes.  Los bytes 0xa1\\[en]0xfe se utilizan como bytes "
"principales para caracteres de dos bytes. Big5 y su extensión fueron "
"ampliamente utilizados en Taiwán y Hong Kong. No es compatible con ISO/IEC\\ "
"2022."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "JIS X 0208"
msgstr "JIS X 0208"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"JIS X 0208 is a Japanese national standard character set.  Though there are "
"some more Japanese national standard character sets (like JIS X 0201, JIS X "
"0212, and JIS X 0213), this is the most important one.  Characters are "
"mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix, whose each byte is in the range "
"0x21\\[en]0x7e.  Note that JIS X 0208 is a character set, not an encoding.  "
"This means that JIS X 0208 itself is not used for expressing text data.  JIS "
"X 0208 is used as a component to construct encodings such as EUC-JP, "
"Shift_JIS, and ISO/IEC\\ 2022-JP.  EUC-JP is the most important encoding for "
"Linux and includes ASCII and JIS X 0208.  In EUC-JP, JIS X 0208 characters "
"are expressed in two bytes, each of which is the JIS X 0208 code plus 0x80."
msgstr ""
"JIS X 0208 es el principal conjunto de caracteres estándar en Japón.  Aunque "
"hay algunos estándar nacionales japoneses más (como JIS X 0201, X 0212, y X "
"0213). Los caracteres se crean a partir de una matriz de dos bytes de 94x94, "
"cada byte está en el intervalo 0x21\\[en]0x7e. Debe considerarse que JIS X "
"0208 es un conjunto de caracteres, no una codificación. Esto significa que "
"el propio JIS X 0208 no se utiliza para expresar datos de texto. JIS X 0208 "
"forma parte de codificaciones como EUC-JP, Shift_JIS y ISO/IEC\\ 2022-JP. "
"EUC-JP es la codificación más importante para Linux e incluye ASCII y JIS X "
"0208. En EUC-JP, los caracteres JIS X 0208 se expresan en dos bytes, cada "
"uno de los cuales es el código JIS x 0208, más 0x80."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "KS X 1001"
msgstr "KS X 1001"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"KS X 1001 is a Korean national standard character set.  Just as JIS X 0208, "
"characters are mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix.  KS X 1001 is used like "
"JIS X 0208, as a component to construct encodings such as EUC-KR, Johab, and "
"ISO/IEC\\ 2022-KR.  EUC-KR is the most important encoding for Linux and "
"includes ASCII and KS X 1001.  KS C 5601 is an older name for KS X 1001."
msgstr ""
"KS X 1001 es un conjunto de caracteres estándar nacional de Corea. Al igual "
"que JIS X 0208, los caracteres se mapean en una matriz de dos bytes de "
"94x94.  KS X 1001 se utiliza como JIS X 0208, como un componente para "
"construir codificaciones como EUC-KR, Johab y ISO/IEC\\ 2022-KR. EUC-KR es "
"la codificación más importante para Linux e incluye ASCII y KS X 1001. KS C "
"5601 es como anteriormente se conocía a KS X 1001."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO/IEC\\ 2022 and ISO/IEC\\ 4873"
msgstr "ISO/IEC\\ 2022 e ISO/ IEC\\ 4873"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The ISO/IEC\\ 2022 and ISO/IEC\\ 4873 standards describe a font-control "
"model based on VT100 practice.  This model is (partially) supported by the "
"Linux kernel and by B<xterm>(1).  Several ISO/IEC\\ 2022-based character "
"encodings have been defined, especially for Japanese."
msgstr ""
"Las normas ISO/IEC\\ 2022 y ISO/IEC\\ 4873 describen un modelo de control de "
"fuentes basado en la práctica VT100.  Este modelo está (parcialmente) "
"soportado por el núcleo de Linux y por B<xterm>(1). Se han definido varias "
"codificaciones de caracteres basadas en ISO/IEC\\ 2022, especialmente para "
"el japonés."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"There are 4 graphic character sets, called G0, G1, G2, and G3, and one of "
"them is the current character set for codes with high bit zero (initially "
"G0), and one of them is the current character set for codes with high bit "
"one (initially G1).  Each graphic character set has 94 or 96 characters, and "
"is essentially a 7-bit character set.  It uses codes either 040\\[en]0177 "
"(041\\[en]0176) or 0240\\[en]0377 (0241\\[en]0376).  G0 always has size 94 "
"and uses codes 041\\[en]0176."
msgstr ""
"Hay 4 conjuntos de caracteres gráficos, llamados G0, G1, G2 y G3, y uno de "
"ellos es el conjunto de caracteres actual para los códigos con el bit más "
"alto a 0 (inicialmente G0), y uno de ellos es el conjunto de caracteres "
"actual para los códigos con el bit más alto a 1 (inicialmente G1). Cada "
"conjunto de caracteres gráfico tiene 94 ó 96 caracteres, y es esencialmente "
"un conjunto de caracteres de 7 bits. Emplea códigos bien entre 040\\[en]0177 "
"(041\\[en]0176) o bien entre 0240\\[en]0377 (0241\\[en]0376). G0 siempre "
"tiene de tamaño 94  y emplea códigos en el rango 041\\[en]0176."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Switching between character sets is done using the shift functions "
"B<\\[ha]N> (SO or LS1), B<\\[ha]O> (SI or LS0), ESC n (LS2), ESC o (LS3), "
"ESC N (SS2), ESC O (SS3), ESC \\[ti] (LS1R), ESC } (LS2R), ESC | (LS3R).  "
"The function LSI<n> makes character set GI<n> the current one for codes with "
"high bit zero.  The function LSI<n>R makes character set GI<n> the current "
"one for codes with high bit one.  The function SSI<n> makes character set "
"GI<n> (I<n>=2 or 3)  the current one for the next character only (regardless "
"of the value of its high order bit)."
msgstr ""
"El cambio entre los conjuntos de caracteres se realiza empleando las "
"funciones de cambio B<\\[ha]N> (SO o LS1), B<\\[ha]O> (SI o LS0), ESC n "
"(LS2), ESC o (LS3), ESC N (SS2), ESC O (SS3), ESC \\(ti (LS1R), ESC } "
"(LS2R), ESC | (LS3R). La función LSI<n> hace que el conjunto de caracteres "
"GI<n> sea el actual para los códigos con el bit más alto a 0. La función "
"LSI<n> hace que el conjunto de caracteres GI<n> sea el actual para los "
"códigos con el bit más alto a 1. La función SSI<n> hace que el conjunto de "
"caracteres GI<n> (I<n>=2 ó 3) sea el actual para el siguiente carácter "
"solamente (tenga lo que tenga su bit más alto)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A 94-character set is designated as GI<n> character set by an escape "
"sequence ESC ( xx (for G0), ESC ) xx (for G1), ESC * xx (for G2), ESC + xx "
"(for G3), where xx is a symbol or a pair of symbols found in the ISO/IEC\\ "
"2375 International Register of Coded Character Sets.  For example, ESC ( @ "
"selects the ISO/IEC\\ 646 character set as G0, ESC ( A selects the UK "
"standard character set (with pound instead of number sign), ESC ( B selects "
"ASCII (with dollar instead of currency sign), ESC ( M selects a character "
"set for African languages, ESC ( ! A selects the Cuban character set, and so "
"on."
msgstr ""
"Un conjunto de 94 caracteres se designa como caracter GI<n> definido por una "
"secuencia de escape ESC ( xx (para G0), ESC ) xx ( para G1), ESC * xx (Para "
"G2), ESC + xx ( Para G3), donde xx es un símbolo o un par de símbolos que se "
"encuentran en ISO/IEC\\ 2375 Registro Internacional de conjuntos de "
"caracteres codificados. Por ejemplo, ESC ( @ selecciona el conjunto de "
"caracteres ISO/IEC\\ 646 como G0, ESC ( A selecciona la serie de carácteres "
"estándar del Reino Unido (con la libra en lugar del signo numérico), ESC ( B "
"selecciona ASCII (con el dólar en lugar del símbolo de moneda), ESC ( M "
"selecciona un conjunto de símbolos para lenguas africanas, ESC ) (!"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A 96-character set is designated as GI<n> character set by an escape "
"sequence ESC - xx (for G1), ESC . xx (for G2)  or ESC / xx (for G3).  For "
"example, ESC - G selects the Hebrew alphabet as G1."
msgstr ""
"Un conjunto de 96 caracteres se designa como el conjunto de caracteres GI<n> "
"por una secuencia de escape ESC - xx (para G1), ESC . xx (para G2) o ESC / "
"xx (para G3). Por ejemplo, ESC - G selecciona el alfabeto hebreo como el G1."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A multibyte character set is designated as GI<n> character set by an escape "
"sequence ESC $ xx or ESC $ ( xx (for G0), ESC $ ) xx (for G1), ESC $ * xx "
"(for G2), ESC $ + xx (for G3).  For example, ESC $ ( C selects the Korean "
"character set for G0.  The Japanese character set selected by ESC $ B has a "
"more recent version selected by ESC & @ ESC $ B."
msgstr ""
"Un conjunto de caracteres multibyte se designa como el conjunto de "
"caracteres GI<n> por una secuencia de escape ESC $ xx o ESC $ ( xx (para "
"G0), ESC $ ) xx (para G1), ESC $ * xx (para G2), ESC $ + xx (para G3). Por "
"ejemplo, ESC $ ( C selecciona el conjunto de caracteres coreano para G0. El "
"conjunto de caracteres japonés seleccionado por ESC $ B tiene una versión "
"más reciente seleccionada por ESC & @ ESC $ B."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"ISO/IEC\\ 4873 stipulates a narrower use of character sets, where G0 is "
"fixed (always ASCII), so that G1, G2, and G3 can be invoked only for codes "
"with the high order bit set.  In particular, B<\\[ha]N> and B<\\[ha]O> are "
"not used anymore, ESC ( xx can be used only with xx=B, and ESC ) xx, ESC * "
"xx, ESC + xx are equivalent to ESC - xx, ESC . xx, ESC / xx, respectively."
msgstr ""
"ISO/IEC\\ 4873 estipula un uso más restrictivo de conjuntos de caracteres, "
"donde G0 es fijo (siempre ASCII), de modo que G1, G2, y G3 sólo pueden ser "
"invocados para códigos con el conjunto de bits de orden alto. Concretamente, "
"B<\\ [ha]N> y B< \\[ha]O> ya no se usan, ESC ( xx puede usarse sólo con "
"xx=B, y ESC ) xx, ESC * xx, Esc + xx son equivalentes a ESC - xx, ESC. xx, "
"ESS / xx, respectivamente."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "TIS-620"
msgstr "TIS-620"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"TIS-620 is a Thai national standard character set and a superset of ASCII.  "
"In the same fashion as the ISO/IEC\\ 8859 series, Thai characters are mapped "
"into 0xa1\\[en]0xfe."
msgstr ""
"TIS-620 es un conjunto de caracteres estándar nacional para el tailandés y "
"un superconjunto de ASCII. De la mismo modo que la serie ISO/IEC\\ 8859, los "
"caracteres tailandeses se mapean en 0xa1\\[en]0xfe."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Unicode"
msgstr "Unicode"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) is a standard which aims to unambiguously represent "
"every character in every human language.  Unicode's structure permits 20.1 "
"bits to encode every character.  Since most computers don't include 20.1-bit "
"integers, Unicode is usually encoded as 32-bit integers internally and "
"either a series of 16-bit integers (UTF-16) (needing two 16-bit integers "
"only when encoding certain rare characters) or a series of 8-bit bytes "
"(UTF-8)."
msgstr ""
"Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) es un estándar cuyo objetivo es representar "
"inequívocamente cada carácter conocido en cada lenguaje humano. La "
"estructura de Unicode admite 20'1 bits para codificar cada carácter. Sin "
"embargo, ya que la mayoría de los computadores no incluyen enteros de 20'1 "
"bits, normalmente Unicode se codifica internamente mediante enteros de 32 "
"bits y, o bien una serie de enteros de 16 bits (UTF-16) (que necesita dos "
"enteros de 16 bits sólo cuando se codifican ciertos caracteres poco "
"comunes), o bien una serie de bytes de 8 bits (UTF-8)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Linux represents Unicode using the 8-bit Unicode Transformation Format "
"(UTF-8).  UTF-8 is a variable length encoding of Unicode.  It uses 1 byte to "
"code 7 bits, 2 bytes for 11 bits, 3 bytes for 16 bits, 4 bytes for 21 bits, "
"5 bytes for 26 bits, 6 bytes for 31 bits."
msgstr ""
"Linux representa Unicode empleando el Formato de Transformación Unicode de 8 "
"bits (UTF-8). UTF-8 es una codificación de Unicode de longitud variable. "
"Emplea 1 byte para codificar 7 bits, 2 bytes para 11 bits, 3 bytes para 16 "
"bits, 4 bytes para 21 bits, 5 bytes para 26 bits, y 6 bytes para 31 bits."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Let 0,1,x stand for a zero, one, or arbitrary bit.  A byte 0xxxxxxx stands "
"for the Unicode 00000000 0xxxxxxx which codes the same symbol as the ASCII "
"0xxxxxxx.  Thus, ASCII goes unchanged into UTF-8, and people using only "
"ASCII do not notice any change: not in code, and not in file size."
msgstr ""
"Sean 0, 1, x el 0, el 1 ó un bit arbitrario. Un byte 0xxxxxxx representa el "
"carácter Unicode 00000000 0xxxxxxx que codifica el mismo símbolo que el "
"ASCII 0xxxxxxx.  Así, ASCII va sin cambio alguno dentro de UTF-8, y la gente "
"que emplea ASCII no nota ningún cambio: ni en el código ni en tamaños de "
"fichero."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A byte 110xxxxx is the start of a 2-byte code, and 110xxxxx 10yyyyyy is "
"assembled into 00000xxx xxyyyyyy.  A byte 1110xxxx is the start of a 3-byte "
"code, and 1110xxxx 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz is assembled into xxxxyyyy yyzzzzzz.  "
"(When UTF-8 is used to code the 31-bit ISO/IEC 10646 then this progression "
"continues up to 6-byte codes.)"
msgstr ""
"Un byte 110xxxxx es el comienzo de un código de 2 bytes, y 110xxxxx 10yyyyyy "
"se ensambla en 00000xxx xxyyyyyy.  Un byte 1110xxxx es el comienzo de un "
"código de 3 bytes, y 1110xxxx 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz se ensambla en xxxxyyyy "
"yyzzzzzz.  (Cuando se emplea UTF-8 para codificar el ISO/IEC 10646 de 31 "
"bits, esta progresión continúa hasta códigos de 6 bytes.)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For most texts in ISO/IEC\\ 8859 character sets, this means that the "
"characters outside of ASCII are now coded with two bytes.  This tends to "
"expand ordinary text files by only one or two percent.  For Russian or Greek "
"texts, this expands ordinary text files by 100%, since text in those "
"languages is mostly outside of ASCII.  For Japanese users this means that "
"the 16-bit codes now in common use will take three bytes.  While there are "
"algorithmic conversions from some character sets (especially ISO/IEC\\ "
"8859-1) to Unicode, general conversion requires carrying around conversion "
"tables, which can be quite large for 16-bit codes."
msgstr ""
"Para la mayoría de los textos en los conjuntos de caracteres ISO/IEC\\ 8859, "
"significará que los caracteres no ASCII están ahora codificados con dos "
"bytes. Esto tiende a incrementar entorno al 1 o 2 por cien los archivos de "
"texto ordinarios. Para los textos en ruso o griego el incremento es del "
"100%, ya que los caracteres empleados son principalmente no ASCII. Para los "
"usuarios japoneses esto significa que los códigos de 16 bits tomarán tres "
"bytes.  Si bien existen conversiones algorítmicas de algunos conjuntos de "
"caracteres (especialmente ISO/IEC\\ 8859-1) a Unicode, la conversión general "
"requiere el uso de tablas de conversión, que pueden ser bastante grandes "
"para códigos de 16 bits."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Note that UTF-8 is self-synchronizing: 10xxxxxx is a tail, any other byte is "
"the head of a code.  Note that the only way ASCII bytes occur in a UTF-8 "
"stream, is as themselves.  In particular, there are no embedded NULs "
"(\\[aq]\\e0\\[aq]) or \\[aq]/\\[aq]s that form part of some larger code."
msgstr ""
"Observe que UTF-8 es auto-sincronizante: 10xxxxxx es una cola, y cualquier "
"otro byte es la cabeza de un código. Observe que de la única manera que los "
"bytes ASCII aparecen en un flujo UTF-8 es como ellos mismos. En particular, "
"no hay NULs (\\[aq]\\e0\\[aq]) or \\[aq]/\\[aq]s incluidos que formen parte "
"de algún código más grande."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Since ASCII, and, in particular, NUL and \\[aq]/\\[aq], are unchanged, the "
"kernel does not notice that UTF-8 is being used.  It does not care at all "
"what the bytes it is handling stand for."
msgstr ""
"Puesto que ASCII, y, en particular, NUL y \\[aq]/\\[aq], permanecen "
"inalterados, el núcleo no se entera de que se está empleando UTF-8. No le "
"importa en absoluto para qué son los bytes que está manejando."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Rendering of Unicode data streams is typically handled through \"subfont\" "
"tables which map a subset of Unicode to glyphs.  Internally the kernel uses "
"Unicode to describe the subfont loaded in video RAM.  This means that in the "
"Linux console in UTF-8 mode, one can use a character set with 512 different "
"symbols.  This is not enough for Japanese, Chinese, and Korean, but it is "
"enough for most other purposes."
msgstr ""
"La representación de los flujos de datos Unicode se suele gestionar a través "
"de tablas de `subtipo' que hacen corresponder un subconjunto de Unicode a "
"glifos. Internamente el núcleo emplea Unicode para describir el subtipo de "
"letra cargada en RAM de vídeo. Esto significa que en el modo UTF-8 uno puede "
"emplear un conjunto de caracteres con 512 símbolos diferentes. Esto no es "
"suficiente para el japonés, chino o coreano, pero si es adecuado para la "
"mayoría de otros propósitos."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr "VÉASE TAMBIÉN"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "B<iconv>(1), B<ascii>(7), B<iso_8859-1>(7), B<unicode>(7), B<utf-8>(7)"
msgstr "B<iconv>(1), B<ascii>(7), B<iso_8859-1>(7), B<unicode>(7), B<utf-8>(7)"

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-02-05"
msgstr "5 Febrero 2023"

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03"
msgstr "Páginas de Manual de Linux 6.03"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"Standards discussed include such as ASCII, GB 2312, ISO 8859, JIS, KOI8-R, "
"KS, and Unicode."
msgstr ""
"Se incluye información acerca de ASCII, GB 2312, ISO 8859, JIS, KOI8-R, KS y "
"Unicode."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"ASCII (American Standard Code For Information Interchange) is the original 7-"
"bit character set, originally designed for American English.  Also known as "
"US-ASCII.  It is currently described by the ISO 646:1991 IRV (International "
"Reference Version) standard."
msgstr ""
"ASCII (American Standard Code For Information Interchange, Código Estándar "
"Americano para el Intercambio de Información) es el conjunto de caracteres "
"original de 7 bits, diseñado inicialmente para el inglés americano. También "
"llamado ASCII-US. Actualmente se describe en el estándar ISO 646:1991 IRV."

#. type: SS
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO 8859"
msgstr "ISO 8859"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"ISO 8859 is a series of 15 8-bit character sets, all of which have ASCII in "
"their low (7-bit) half, invisible control characters in positions 128 to "
"159, and 96 fixed-width graphics in positions 160\\[en]255."
msgstr ""
"ISO 8859 es una serie de 15 conjuntos de caracteres de 8 bits, los cuales "
"tienen como su primera mitad (7 bits) el ASCII, caracteres de control "
"invisibles en las posiciones 128 a 159, y 96 gráficos fijos desde la "
"posición 160 hasta la 255."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"Of these, the most important is ISO 8859-1 (\"Latin Alphabet No. 1\" / "
"Latin-1).  It was widely adopted and supported by different systems, and is "
"gradually being replaced with Unicode.  The ISO 8859-1 characters are also "
"the first 256 characters of Unicode."
msgstr ""
"El más importante es ISO 8859-1 (Alfabeto Latino nº1 / Latin-1). Fue "
"ampliamente implementado en diversos sistemas y está siendo gradualmente "
"sustituido por Unicode. Los primeros 256 caracteres de esta codificación "
"coinciden con los 256 primeros caracteres de Unicode."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"Console support for the other 8859 character sets is available under Linux "
"through user-mode utilities (such as B<setfont>(8))  that modify keyboard "
"bindings and the EGA graphics table and employ the \"user mapping\" font "
"table in the console driver."
msgstr ""
"El soporte de consola para los otros conjuntos de caracteres 8859 está "
"disponible en Linux a través de utilidades de usuario (como B<setfont>(8)) "
"que modifican las asociaciones de teclas y la tabla de gráficos EGA/VGA y "
"emplean la tabla de tipos de letra de \"correspondencia de usuario\" en el "
"controlador de consola."

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "8859-1 (Latin-1)"
msgstr "8859-1 (Latin-1)"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid ""
"Latin-1 covers many European languages such as Albanian, Basque, Danish, "
"English, Faroese, Galician, Icelandic, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, "
"Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish.  The lack of the ligatures Dutch IJ/ij, "
"French œ, and old-style „German“ quotation marks was considered tolerable."
msgstr ""
"Latin-1 cubre la mayoría de lenguajes de Europa Occidental como el albanés, "
"vasco, danés, inglés, feroés, gallego, islandés, irlandés, italiano, "
"noruego, portugués, español y sueco. La falta de las ligaduras neerlandesa IJ/"
"ij, de la francesa œ y de las antiguas comillas alemana „“ se consideraba "
"aceptable."

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "8859-2 (Latin-2)"
msgstr "8859-2 (Latin-2)"

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "8859-3 (Latin-3)"
msgstr "8859-3 (Latin-3)"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"Latin-3 was designed to cover of Esperanto, Maltese, and Turkish, but 8859-9 "
"later superseded it for Turkish."
msgstr ""
"Latin-3 fue creado para el esperanto, el maltés y el turco aunque "
"posteriormente el turco emplearía 8859-9."

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "8859-4 (Latin-4)"
msgstr "8859-4 (Latin-4)"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"Latin-4 introduced letters for North European languages such as Estonian, "
"Latvian, and Lithuanian, but was superseded by 8859-10 and 8859-13."
msgstr ""
"Latin-4 introdujo letras para idiomas del norte de Europa como el estonio, "
"letón y lituano. Fue reemplazado por 8859-10 (Latin-6) y 8859-13 (Latin 7)."

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "8859-5"
msgstr "8859-5"

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "8859-6"
msgstr "8859-6"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"Was created for Arabic.  The 8859-6 glyph table is a fixed font of separate "
"letter forms, but a proper display engine should combine these using the "
"proper initial, medial, and final forms."
msgstr ""
"Para el árabe. La tabla de glifos 8859-6 es un tipo fijo de formas de letra "
"separadas, pero un mecanismo de visualización correcto debería combinar "
"éstas usando las formas iniciales, medias y finales apropiadas."

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "8859-7"
msgstr "8859-7"

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "8859-8"
msgstr "8859-8"

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "8859-9 (Latin-5)"
msgstr "8859-9 (Latin-5)"

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "8859-10 (Latin-6)"
msgstr "8859-10 (Latin-6)"

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "8859-11"
msgstr "8859-11"

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "8859-12"
msgstr "8859-12"

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "8859-13 (Latin-7)"
msgstr "8859-13 (Latin-7)"

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "8859-14 (Latin-8)"
msgstr "8859-14 (Latin-8)"

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "8859-15 (Latin-9)"
msgstr "8859-15 (Latin-9)"

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "8859-16 (Latin-10)"
msgstr "8859-16 (Latin-10)"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"KOI8-R is a non-ISO character set popular in Russia before Unicode.  The "
"lower half is ASCII; the upper is a Cyrillic character set somewhat better "
"designed than ISO 8859-5.  KOI8-U, based on KOI8-R, has better support for "
"Ukrainian.  Neither of these sets are ISO-2022 compatible, unlike the ISO "
"8859 series."
msgstr ""
"El KOI8-R es un conjunto de caracteres no ISO popular en Rusia antes de la "
"aparición de Unicode. La primera mitad es el US ASCII; la segunda es un "
"conjunto de caracteres cirílico algo mejor diseñado que el ISO 8859-5. KOI8-"
"U está basado en KOI8-R, con un mejor soporte para el ucraniano. A "
"diferencia de las series ISO 8859 , ninguno de estos conjuntos es compatible "
"con el estándar ISO-2022."

#.  Thanks to Tomohiro KUBOTA for the following sections about
#.  national standards.
#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"Big5 was a popular character set in Taiwan to express traditional Chinese.  "
"(Big5 is both a character set and an encoding.)  It is a superset of ASCII.  "
"Non-ASCII characters are expressed in two bytes.  Bytes 0xa1\\[en]0xfe are "
"used as leading bytes for two-byte characters.  Big5 and its extension were "
"widely used in Taiwan and Hong Kong.  It is not ISO 2022 compliant."
msgstr ""
"Big5 fue un conjunto de caracteres popular en Taiwan para expresar chino "
"tradicional. (Big5 es tanto un conjunto de caracteres como una "
"codificación.) Es un superconjunto del ASCII US. Los caracteres no ASCII se "
"expresan con dos bytes. Los bytes 0xa1\\[en]0xfe se usan como primer byte en "
"los caracteres de dos bytes. Big5 y sus extensiones se usan ampliamente en "
"Taiwan y Hong Kong. No cumple con el estándar ISO-2022."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"JIS X 0208 is a Japanese national standard character set.  Though there are "
"some more Japanese national standard character sets (like JIS X 0201, JIS X "
"0212, and JIS X 0213), this is the most important one.  Characters are "
"mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix, whose each byte is in the range "
"0x21\\[en]0x7e.  Note that JIS X 0208 is a character set, not an encoding.  "
"This means that JIS X 0208 itself is not used for expressing text data.  JIS "
"X 0208 is used as a component to construct encodings such as EUC-JP, "
"Shift_JIS, and ISO-2022-JP.  EUC-JP is the most important encoding for Linux "
"and includes ASCII and JIS X 0208.  In EUC-JP, JIS X 0208 characters are "
"expressed in two bytes, each of which is the JIS X 0208 code plus 0x80."
msgstr ""
"JIS X 0208 es un conjunto nacional estándar de caracteres japoneses. Aunque "
"hay algunos conjuntos nacionales estándares más de caracteres japoneses "
"(como JIS X 0201, JIS X 0212 y JIS X 0213), éste es el más importante. Los "
"caracteres se proyectan en una matriz de 94x94 celdas de 2 bytes, donde cada "
"byte se encuentra en el rango 0x21\\[en]0x7e. Dese cuenta que JIS X 0208 es "
"un conjunto de caracteres, no una codificación. Esto significa que el propio "
"JIS X 0208 no se usa para expresar datos de texto. JIS X 0208 se usa como un "
"componente para construir codificaciones como EUC-JP, Shift_JIS y ISO-2022-"
"JP. EUC-JP es la codificación más importante para Linux e incluye ASCII y "
"JIS X 0208. En EUC-JP, los caracteres JIS X 0208 se expresan con 2 dos "
"bytes, cada uno de los cuales es el código JIS X 0208 más 0x80."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"KS X 1001 is a Korean national standard character set.  Just as JIS X 0208, "
"characters are mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix.  KS X 1001 is used like "
"JIS X 0208, as a component to construct encodings such as EUC-KR, Johab, and "
"ISO-2022-KR.  EUC-KR is the most important encoding for Linux and includes "
"ASCII and KS X 1001.  KS C 5601 is an older name for KS X 1001."
msgstr ""
"KS X 1001 es un conjunto nacional estándar de caracteres coreanos. Al igual "
"que JIS X 0208, los caracteres se proyectan en una matriz de 94x94 celdas de "
"2 bytes. KS X 1001 se usa como JIS X 0208, como un componente para construir "
"codificaciones tales como EUC-KR, Johab e ISO-2022-KR. EUC-KR es la "
"codificación más importante para Linux e incluye ASCII y KS X 1001. KS C "
"5601 es el antiguo nombre de KS X 1001."

#. type: SS
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISO 2022 and ISO 4873"
msgstr "ISO 2022 y ISO 4873"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"The ISO 2022 and 4873 standards describe a font-control model based on VT100 "
"practice.  This model is (partially) supported by the Linux kernel and by "
"B<xterm>(1).  Several ISO 2022-based character encodings have been defined, "
"especially for Japanese."
msgstr ""
"Los estándares ISO 2022 y 4873 describen un modelo de control de tipo de "
"letra basado en la VT100. Este modelo es (parcialmente) admitido por el "
"núcleo de Linux y por B<xterm>(1). Se han definido varias codificaciones "
"basadas en ISO 2022, sobretodo para el japonés."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"A 94-character set is designated as GI<n> character set by an escape "
"sequence ESC ( xx (for G0), ESC ) xx (for G1), ESC * xx (for G2), ESC + xx "
"(for G3), where xx is a symbol or a pair of symbols found in the ISO 2375 "
"International Register of Coded Character Sets.  For example, ESC ( @ "
"selects the ISO 646 character set as G0, ESC ( A selects the UK standard "
"character set (with pound instead of number sign), ESC ( B selects ASCII "
"(with dollar instead of currency sign), ESC ( M selects a character set for "
"African languages, ESC ( ! A selects the Cuban character set, and so on."
msgstr ""
"Un conjunto de 94 caracteres se designa como el conjunto de caracteres GI<n> "
"por una secuencia de escape ESC ( xx (para G0), ESC ) xx (para G1), ESC * xx "
"(para G2), ESC + xx (para G3), donde xx es un símbolo o un par de símbolos "
"del Registro Internacional de Conjuntos de Caracteres Codificados ISO 2375. "
"Por ejemplo, ESC ( @ selecciona el conjunto de caracteres ISO 646 como el "
"G0, ESC ( A selecciona el conjunto de caracteres estándar de R.U. (con la "
"libra esterlina en lugar del signo numeral #), ESC ( B selecciona el ASCII "
"(con el dólar $ en lugar del símbolo monetario ¤), ESC ( M selecciona un "
"conjunto de caracteres para lenguas africanas, ESC ( ! selecciona el "
"conjunto de caracteres cubano, etc. etc. etc."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"ISO 4873 stipulates a narrower use of character sets, where G0 is fixed "
"(always ASCII), so that G1, G2, and G3 can be invoked only for codes with "
"the high order bit set.  In particular, B<\\[ha]N> and B<\\[ha]O> are not "
"used anymore, ESC ( xx can be used only with xx=B, and ESC ) xx, ESC * xx, "
"ESC + xx are equivalent to ESC - xx, ESC . xx, ESC / xx, respectively."
msgstr ""
"ISO 4873 estipula un uso más reducido de conjuntos de caracteres, donde G0 "
"está fijo (siempre ASCII), de modo que G1, G2 y G3 sólo pueden ser llamados "
"para códigos con el bit más alto a 1. En particular, B<\\[ha]N> y B<\\[ha]O> "
"ya no se usan más, ESC ( xx sólo puede emplearse con xx=B y ESC ) xx, ESC * "
"xx, ESC + xx son equivalentes a ESC - xx, ESC . xx, ESC / xx, "
"respectivamente."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"TIS-620 is a Thai national standard character set and a superset of ASCII.  "
"In the same fashion as the ISO 8859 series, Thai characters are mapped into "
"0xa1\\[en]0xfe."
msgstr ""
"TIS-620 es un conjunto nacional estándar de caracteres tailandeses y un "
"superconjunto del ASCII. Al igual que las series ISO 8859, los caracteres "
"tailandeses se proyectan en el rango 0xa1\\[en]0xfe."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid ""
"Unicode (ISO 10646) is a standard which aims to unambiguously represent "
"every character in every human language.  Unicode's structure permits 20.1 "
"bits to encode every character.  Since most computers don't include 20.1-bit "
"integers, Unicode is usually encoded as 32-bit integers internally and "
"either a series of 16-bit integers (UTF-16) (needing two 16-bit integers "
"only when encoding certain rare characters) or a series of 8-bit bytes "
"(UTF-8)."
msgstr ""
"Unicode (ISO 10646) es un estándar cuyo objetivo es representar "
"inequívocamente cada carácter conocido en cada lenguaje humano. La "
"estructura de Unicode admite 20'1 bits para codificar cada carácter. Sin "
"embargo, ya que la mayoría de los computadores no incluyen enteros de 20'1 "
"bits, normalmente Unicode se codifica internamente mediante enteros de 32 "
"bits y, o bien una serie de enteros de 16 bits (UTF-16) (que necesita dos "
"enteros de 16 bits sólo cuando se codifican ciertos caracteres poco "
"comunes), o bien una serie de bytes de 8 bits (UTF-8)."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid ""
"A byte 110xxxxx is the start of a 2-byte code, and 110xxxxx 10yyyyyy is "
"assembled into 00000xxx xxyyyyyy.  A byte 1110xxxx is the start of a 3-byte "
"code, and 1110xxxx 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz is assembled into xxxxyyyy yyzzzzzz.  "
"(When UTF-8 is used to code the 31-bit ISO 10646 then this progression "
"continues up to 6-byte codes.)"
msgstr ""
"Un byte 110xxxxx es el comienzo de un código de 2 bytes, y 110xxxxx 10yyyyyy "
"se ensambla en 00000xxx xxyyyyyy.  Un byte 1110xxxx es el comienzo de un "
"código de 3 bytes, y 1110xxxx 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz se ensambla en xxxxyyyy "
"yyzzzzzz.  (Cuando se emplea UTF-8 para codificar el ISO 10646 de 31 bits, "
"esta progresión continúa hasta códigos de 6 bytes.)"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"For most texts in ISO 8859 character sets, this means that the characters "
"outside of ASCII are now coded with two bytes.  This tends to expand "
"ordinary text files by only one or two percent.  For Russian or Greek texts, "
"this expands ordinary text files by 100%, since text in those languages is "
"mostly outside of ASCII.  For Japanese users this means that the 16-bit "
"codes now in common use will take three bytes.  While there are algorithmic "
"conversions from some character sets (especially ISO 8859-1) to Unicode, "
"general conversion requires carrying around conversion tables, which can be "
"quite large for 16-bit codes."
msgstr ""
"Para la mayoría de los textos que usan los conjuntos de caracteres ISO-8859, "
"esto significa que los caracteres fuera de ASCII se codifican ahora con dos "
"bytes. Esto tiende a expandir los ficheros de texto ordinarios en sólo un 1 "
"o 2%. Para el ruso y el griegos, esto expande los ficheros de texto "
"ordenarios en un 100%, ya que el texto en estos idiomas se encuentra en su "
"mayor parte fuera de ASCII. Para los usuarios japoneses esto significa que "
"los códigos de 16 bits de uso común actualmente necesitarán tres bytes. "
"Aunque hay conversiones algorítmicas desde algunos conjuntos de caracteres "
"(esp. ISO-8859-1) a Unicode, una conversión general requiere trabajar con "
"tablas de conversión que puede ser bastante grandes para los códigos de 16 "
"bits."

#. type: TH
#: fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "2024-01-28"
msgstr "28 Enero 2024"

#. type: TH
#: fedora-40 mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06"
msgstr "Páginas de Manual de Linux 6.06"

#. type: TH
#: fedora-rawhide
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7"
msgstr "Páginas de Manual de Linux 6.7"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-03-12"
msgstr "12 Marzo 2023"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04"
msgstr "Páginas de Manual de Linux 6.04"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
msgstr "Páginas de Manual de Linux (no publicadas)"