path: root/po/fr/man7/pid_namespaces.7.po

# French translation of manpages
# This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package.
# Copyright © of this file:
# Christophe Blaess <https://www.blaess.fr/christophe/>, 1996-2003.
# Stéphan Rafin <stephan.rafin@laposte.net>, 2002.
# Thierry Vignaud <tvignaud@mandriva.com>, 1999, 2002.
# François Micaux, 2002.
# Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>, 2003-2008.
# Jean-Philippe Guérard <fevrier@tigreraye.org>, 2005-2006.
# Jean-Luc Coulon (f5ibh) <jean-luc.coulon@wanadoo.fr>, 2006-2007.
# Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org>, 2006-2007.
# Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com>, 2006-2008.
# Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>, 2006-2008.
# Florentin Duneau <fduneau@gmail.com>, 2006-2010.
# Simon Paillard <simon.paillard@resel.enst-bretagne.fr>, 2006, 2013.
# Denis Barbier <barbier@debian.org>, 2006, 2010.
# David Prévot <david@tilapin.org>, 2010, 2012, 2013.
# Cédric Boutillier <cedric.boutillier@gmail.com>, 2011, 2012.
# Frédéric Hantrais <fhantrais@gmail.com>, 2013, 2014.
# Jean-Paul Guillonneau <guillonneau.jeanpaul@free.fr>, 2021.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: perkamon\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-01 17:03+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-11-20 09:04+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Jean-Paul Guillonneau <guillonneau.jeanpaul@free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>\n"
"Language: fr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n"
"X-Generator: vim\n"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid "See B<pid_namespaces>(7)."
msgid "pid_namespaces"
msgstr "Consultez B<pid_namespaces>(7)."

#. type: TH
#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-10-31"
msgstr "31 octobre 2023"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.06"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr "NOM"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "pid_namespaces - overview of Linux PID namespaces"
msgstr ""
"pid_namespaces - Présentation des espaces de noms d'identifiants de "
"processus (ou PID) sous Linux"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr "DESCRIPTION"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "For an overview of namespaces, see B<namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""
"Pour une présentation générale des espaces de noms, consultez "
"B<namespaces>(7)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"PID namespaces isolate the process ID number space, meaning that processes "
"in different PID namespaces can have the same PID.  PID namespaces allow "
"containers to provide functionality such as suspending/resuming the set of "
"processes in the container and migrating the container to a new host while "
"the processes inside the container maintain the same PIDs."
msgstr ""
"Les espaces de noms PID isolent les espaces de numéros d'identifiants de "
"processus, ce qui signifie que des processus de différents espaces de noms "
"PID peuvent avoir le même PID. Les espaces de noms PID permettent aux "
"conteneurs de fournir des possibilités telles que la suspension et la "
"reprise de l’ensemble des processus d’un conteneur et la migration du "
"conteneur vers un nouvel hôte tout en permettant aux processus du conteneur "
"de conserver leurs PID."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"PIDs in a new PID namespace start at 1, somewhat like a standalone system, "
"and calls to B<fork>(2), B<vfork>(2), or B<clone>(2)  will produce processes "
"with PIDs that are unique within the namespace."
msgstr ""
"Dans un nouvel espace de noms PID, la numérotation commence à 1 comme pour "
"un système autonome et les appels à B<fork>(2), B<vfork>(2) ou B<clone>(2) "
"génèrent des identifiants de processus uniques dans l'espace de noms PID."

#
#.  ============================================================
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Use of PID namespaces requires a kernel that is configured with the "
"B<CONFIG_PID_NS> option."
msgstr ""
"Le noyau doit avoir été configuré avec l'option B<CONFIG_PID_NS> pour "
"permettre l'utilisation des espaces noms PID."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "The namespace init process"
msgstr "Le processus d'initialisation (init) de l'espace de noms"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The first process created in a new namespace (i.e., the process created "
"using B<clone>(2)  with the B<CLONE_NEWPID> flag, or the first child created "
"by a process after a call to B<unshare>(2)  using the B<CLONE_NEWPID> flag) "
"has the PID 1, and is the \"init\" process for the namespace (see "
"B<init>(1)).  This process becomes the parent of any child processes that "
"are orphaned because a process that resides in this PID namespace terminated "
"(see below for further details)."
msgstr ""
"Le premier processus créé dans un nouvel espace de noms (c'est-à-dire le "
"processus créé par B<clone>(2) avec l'attribut B<CLONE_NEWPID> ou le premier "
"processus enfant créé après un appel à B<unshare>(2) avec l'attribut "
"B<CLONE_NEWPID>) a pour PID 1. Il est le processus « init » pour l'espace de "
"noms (consultez B<init>(1)). Ce processus devient le parent pour n’importe "
"quel processus enfant qui devient orphelin parce qu’un processus résidant "
"dans cet espace de noms PID se termine (voir ci-après pour plus de détails)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "If the \"init\" process of a PID namespace terminates, the kernel "
#| "terminates all of the processes in the namespace via a B<SIGKILL> "
#| "signal.  This behavior reflects the fact that the \"init\" process is "
#| "essential for the correct operation of a PID namespace.  In this case, a "
#| "subsequent B<fork>(2)  into this PID namespace fail with the error "
#| "B<ENOMEM>; it is not possible to create a new process in a PID namespace "
#| "whose \"init\" process has terminated.  Such scenarios can occur when, "
#| "for example, a process uses an open file descriptor for a I</proc/[pid]/"
#| "ns/pid> file corresponding to a process that was in a namespace to "
#| "B<setns>(2)  into that namespace after the \"init\" process has "
#| "terminated.  Another possible scenario can occur after a call to "
#| "B<unshare>(2): if the first child subsequently created by a B<fork>(2)  "
#| "terminates, then subsequent calls to B<fork>(2)  fail with B<ENOMEM>."
msgid ""
"If the \"init\" process of a PID namespace terminates, the kernel terminates "
"all of the processes in the namespace via a B<SIGKILL> signal.  This "
"behavior reflects the fact that the \"init\" process is essential for the "
"correct operation of a PID namespace.  In this case, a subsequent "
"B<fork>(2)  into this PID namespace fail with the error B<ENOMEM>; it is not "
"possible to create a new process in a PID namespace whose \"init\" process "
"has terminated.  Such scenarios can occur when, for example, a process uses "
"an open file descriptor for a I</proc/>pidI</ns/pid> file corresponding to a "
"process that was in a namespace to B<setns>(2)  into that namespace after "
"the \"init\" process has terminated.  Another possible scenario can occur "
"after a call to B<unshare>(2): if the first child subsequently created by a "
"B<fork>(2)  terminates, then subsequent calls to B<fork>(2)  fail with "
"B<ENOMEM>."
msgstr ""
"Si le processus « init » d'un espace de noms PID se termine, le noyau tue "
"tous les processus de cet espace de noms au moyen du signal B<SIGKILL>. Ce "
"comportement illustre le fait que le processus « init » est essentiel au bon "
"fonctionnement de l'espace de noms PID. Dans ce cas, une commande B<fork>(2) "
"ultérieure dans cet espace de noms PID échouera en renvoyant l'erreur "
"B<ENOMEM>. Il n'est plus possible de créer des processus dans un espace de "
"noms PID dont le processus « init » est terminé. Cela peut, par exemple, se "
"produire lorsqu'un processus utilise un descripteur de fichier ouvert pour "
"un fichier I</proc/[pid]/ns/pid> correspondant à un processus d'un espace de "
"noms pour une réassociation (B<setns>(2)) dans cet espace de noms après que "
"le processus « init » soit terminé. Un autre scénario est possible après un "
"appel à B<unshare>(2) : si le premier enfant créé par un appel à B<fork>(2) "
"se termine, alors les appels ultérieurs à B<fork>(2) échoueront en renvoyant "
"l'erreur B<ENOMEM>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Only signals for which the \"init\" process has established a signal handler "
"can be sent to the \"init\" process by other members of the PID namespace.  "
"This restriction applies even to privileged processes, and prevents other "
"members of the PID namespace from accidentally killing the \"init\" process."
msgstr ""
"Seuls les signaux pour lesquels le processus « init » a défini un "
"gestionnaire de signal peuvent être envoyés au processus « init » par les "
"autres processus de l'espace de noms PID. Cette règle s'applique également "
"aux processus disposant de privilèges et permet d'éviter qu'un processus "
"membre de l'espace de noms PID ne tue accidentellement le processus « init »."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Likewise, a process in an ancestor namespace can\\(emsubject to the usual "
#| "permission checks described in B<kill>(2)\\(emsend signals to the "
#| "\"init\" process of a child PID namespace only if the \"init\" process "
#| "has established a handler for that signal.  (Within the handler, the "
#| "I<siginfo_t> I<si_pid> field described in B<sigaction>(2)  will be "
#| "zero.)  B<SIGKILL> or B<SIGSTOP> are treated exceptionally: these signals "
#| "are forcibly delivered when sent from an ancestor PID namespace.  Neither "
#| "of these signals can be caught by the \"init\" process, and so will "
#| "result in the usual actions associated with those signals (respectively, "
#| "terminating and stopping the process)."
msgid ""
"Likewise, a process in an ancestor namespace can\\[em]subject to the usual "
"permission checks described in B<kill>(2)\\[em]send signals to the \"init\" "
"process of a child PID namespace only if the \"init\" process has "
"established a handler for that signal.  (Within the handler, the "
"I<siginfo_t> I<si_pid> field described in B<sigaction>(2)  will be zero.)  "
"B<SIGKILL> or B<SIGSTOP> are treated exceptionally: these signals are "
"forcibly delivered when sent from an ancestor PID namespace.  Neither of "
"these signals can be caught by the \"init\" process, and so will result in "
"the usual actions associated with those signals (respectively, terminating "
"and stopping the process)."
msgstr ""
"De même, un processus d'un espace ancêtre peut \\(em en tenant compte des "
"vérifications de droits habituelles décrites dans B<kill>(2) \\(em envoyer "
"des signaux au processus « init » d’un espace de noms enfant, à la condition "
"que le processus « init » ait établi un gestionnaire pour ce signal. Le "
"champ I<si_pid> de I<siginfo_t> décrit dans B<sigaction>(2) pour ce "
"gestionnaire vaudra zéro. B<SIGKILL> et B<SIGSTOP> font figure d'exception : "
"ces signaux seront appliqués « de force » lorsqu'ils sont émis depuis un "
"espace de noms PID ancêtre. Ces signaux ne peuvent pas être interceptés par "
"le processus « init » et les actions associées à ces processus seront "
"exécutées (respectivement, tuer ou suspendre l'exécution du processus)."

#
#.  ============================================================
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Starting with Linux 3.4, the B<reboot>(2)  system call causes a signal to be "
"sent to the namespace \"init\" process.  See B<reboot>(2)  for more details."
msgstr ""
"Depuis Linux 3.4, l’appel système B<reboot>(2) déclenche l'envoi d'un signal "
"aux processus « init » des espaces de noms. Consultez B<reboot>(2) pour "
"obtenir plus d'informations."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Nesting PID namespaces"
msgstr "Imbrication des espaces de noms PID"

#.  commit f2302505775fd13ba93f034206f1e2a587017929
#.  The kernel constant MAX_PID_NS_LEVEL
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"PID namespaces can be nested: each PID namespace has a parent, except for "
"the initial (\"root\") PID namespace.  The parent of a PID namespace is the "
"PID namespace of the process that created the namespace using B<clone>(2)  "
"or B<unshare>(2).  PID namespaces thus form a tree, with all namespaces "
"ultimately tracing their ancestry to the root namespace.  Since Linux 3.7, "
"the kernel limits the maximum nesting depth for PID namespaces to 32."
msgstr ""
"Les espaces de noms PID peuvent être imbriqués : tous les espaces de noms "
"PID ont un parent, sauf l'espace de noms PID initial (« root »). Le parent "
"d'un espace de noms PID est l'espace de noms PID du processus qui a créé "
"l'espace de noms à l’aide de B<clone>(2) ou B<unshare>(2). Les espaces de "
"noms PID forment donc une arborescence dans laquelle chaque espace de noms "
"peut remonter jusqu'à l'espace « root ». Depuis Linux 3.7, le noyau limite "
"la profondeur maximale d’imbrication pour les espace de noms PID à 32."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A process is visible to other processes in its PID namespace, and to the "
"processes in each direct ancestor PID namespace going back to the root PID "
"namespace.  In this context, \"visible\" means that one process can be the "
"target of operations by another process using system calls that specify a "
"process ID.  Conversely, the processes in a child PID namespace can't see "
"processes in the parent and further removed ancestor namespaces.  More "
"succinctly: a process can see (e.g., send signals with B<kill>(2), set nice "
"values with B<setpriority>(2), etc.) only processes contained in its own PID "
"namespace and in descendants of that namespace."
msgstr ""
"Un processus est visible de tous les processus de son espace de noms PID, et "
"de tous les processus des espaces de noms PID ancêtres qui le séparent de "
"l'espace PID « root ». Ici, on entend par « visible » qu'un autre processus "
"peut être la cible d’opérations d’un autre processus utilisant des appels "
"système qui précisent l’ID du processus. Inversement, les processus d'un "
"espace de noms PID enfant ne peuvent pas voir les processus de l’espace "
"parent et des espaces de noms ancêtre éloignés. En résumé, un processus peut "
"seulement voir (c'est-à-dire envoyer des signaux avec B<kill>(2), définir "
"des valeurs de courtoisie avec B<setpriority>(2), etc.) les processus de son "
"propre espace de noms PID et des espaces de noms de sa descendance."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A process has one process ID in each of the layers of the PID namespace "
"hierarchy in which is visible, and walking back though each direct ancestor "
"namespace through to the root PID namespace.  System calls that operate on "
"process IDs always operate using the process ID that is visible in the PID "
"namespace of the caller.  A call to B<getpid>(2)  always returns the PID "
"associated with the namespace in which the process was created."
msgstr ""
"Un processus a un identifiant dans chaque niveau de la hiérarchie des "
"espaces de noms PID dans lequel il est visible, et ce en remontant chaque "
"espace de noms ancêtre jusqu'à l'espace de noms PID « root ». Les appels "
"système qui s'exécutent sur des identifiants de processus s'appliquent à "
"l'identifiant du processus qui est visible dans l’espace de noms PID de "
"l'appelant. Un appel à B<getpid>(2) renvoie toujours le PID associé à "
"l'espace de noms dans lequel le processus a été créé."

#
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Some processes in a PID namespace may have parents that are outside of the "
"namespace.  For example, the parent of the initial process in the namespace "
"(i.e., the B<init>(1)  process with PID 1) is necessarily in another "
"namespace.  Likewise, the direct children of a process that uses "
"B<setns>(2)  to cause its children to join a PID namespace are in a "
"different PID namespace from the caller of B<setns>(2).  Calls to "
"B<getppid>(2)  for such processes return 0."
msgstr ""
"Certains processus d'un espace de noms PID peuvent avoir des parents en "
"dehors de cet espace. Par exemple, le parent du processus initial de "
"l'espace de noms (B<init>(1), processus dont le PID est 1) se trouve "
"forcément en dehors de cet espace. De même, l’enfant direct d'un processus "
"qui a invoqué B<setns>(2) pour que son enfant rejoigne un espace de noms "
"PID, se trouve dans un espace de noms PID différent de celui de l'appelant à "
"B<setns>(2). Les appels à B<getppid>(2) pour de tels processus "
"renvoient B<0>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"While processes may freely descend into child PID namespaces (e.g., using "
"B<setns>(2)  with a PID namespace file descriptor), they may not move in the "
"other direction.  That is to say, processes may not enter any ancestor "
"namespaces (parent, grandparent, etc.).  Changing PID namespaces is a one-"
"way operation."
msgstr ""
"Alors que les processus peuvent descendre librement dans les espaces de noms "
"enfant (par exemple, en utilisant B<setns>(2) avec un descripteur de fichier "
"d’espace de noms PID), ils ne peuvent pas se déplacer dans l’autre "
"direction. Cela veut dire que les processus ne peuvent entrer dans aucun "
"espace de noms ancêtre (parent, grand-parent, etc.). La modification "
"d’espace de noms PID est une opération à sens unique."

#
#.  ============================================================
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<NS_GET_PARENT> B<ioctl>(2)  operation can be used to discover the "
"parental relationship between PID namespaces; see B<ioctl_ns>(2)."
msgstr ""
"L’opération B<NS_GET_PARENT> d’B<ioctl>(2) peut être utilisée pour découvrir "
"la relation parentale entre les espaces de noms PID. Consultez "
"B<ioctl_ns>(2)."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "setns(2) and unshare(2) semantics"
msgstr "Sémantiques de setns(2) et de unshare(2) "

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Calls to B<setns>(2)  that specify a PID namespace file descriptor and "
#| "calls to B<unshare>(2)  with the B<CLONE_NEWPID> flag cause children "
#| "subsequently created by the caller to be placed in a different PID "
#| "namespace from the caller.  (Since Linux 4.12, that PID namespace is "
#| "shown via the I</proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children> file, as described in "
#| "B<namespaces>(7).)  These calls do not, however, change the PID namespace "
#| "of the calling process, because doing so would change the caller's idea "
#| "of its own PID (as reported by B<getpid>()), which would break many "
#| "applications and libraries."
msgid ""
"Calls to B<setns>(2)  that specify a PID namespace file descriptor and calls "
"to B<unshare>(2)  with the B<CLONE_NEWPID> flag cause children subsequently "
"created by the caller to be placed in a different PID namespace from the "
"caller.  (Since Linux 4.12, that PID namespace is shown via the I</proc/"
">pidI</ns/pid_for_children> file, as described in B<namespaces>(7).)  These "
"calls do not, however, change the PID namespace of the calling process, "
"because doing so would change the caller's idea of its own PID (as reported "
"by B<getpid>()), which would break many applications and libraries."
msgstr ""
"Les appels à B<setns>(2) qui indiquent un descripteur de fichier d'un espace "
"de noms PID et les appels à B<unshare>(2) avec l'attribut B<CLONE_NEWPID> "
"font que les processus enfant qui seront créés par la suite seront placés "
"dans un espace de noms PID différent de celui de l'appelant. Depuis "
"Linux 4.12, cet espace de noms PID est affiché à l’aide du fichier I</proc/"
"[pid]/ns/pid_for_children>, comme décrit dans B<namespaces>(7). Cependant, "
"ces appels ne changent pas l’espace de noms PID du processus appelant, parce "
"que le faire modifierait la perception par l'appelant de son propre PID "
"(comme indiqué dans B<getpid>()), cassant de nombreuses applications et "
"bibliothèques."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"To put things another way: a process's PID namespace membership is "
"determined when the process is created and cannot be changed thereafter.  "
"Among other things, this means that the parental relationship between "
"processes mirrors the parental relationship between PID namespaces: the "
"parent of a process is either in the same namespace or resides in the "
"immediate parent PID namespace."
msgstr ""
"Pour présenter les choses différemment, l'appartenance d'un processus à un "
"espace de noms PID est déterminée lors de la création du processus et ne "
"peut plus être changée ensuite. Cela signifie que la relation parent-enfant "
"entre processus reproduit la relation parentale entre des espaces de noms "
"PID : le parent d'un processus est soit dans le même espace de noms, soit "
"dans l'espace de noms PID du parent immédiat."

#
#.  ============================================================
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "A process may call B<unshare>(2)  with the B<CLONE_NEWPID> flag only "
#| "once.  After it has performed this operation, its I</proc/PID/ns/"
#| "pid_for_children> symbolic link will be empty until the first child is "
#| "created in the namespace."
msgid ""
"A process may call B<unshare>(2)  with the B<CLONE_NEWPID> flag only once.  "
"After it has performed this operation, its I</proc/>pidI</ns/"
"pid_for_children> symbolic link will be empty until the first child is "
"created in the namespace."
msgstr ""
"Un processus peut appeler B<unshare>(2) avec l’indicateur B<CLONE_NEWPID> "
"seulement une fois. Après avoir réalisé cette opération, son lien symbolique "
"I</proc/PID/ns/pid_for_children> sera vide jusqu’à la création du premier "
"enfant dans l’espace de noms."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Adoption of orphaned children"
msgstr "Adoption d’un enfant orphelin"

#.  Furthermore, by definition, the parent of the "init" process
#.  of a PID namespace resides in the parent PID namespace.
#.  ============================================================
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"When a child process becomes orphaned, it is reparented to the \"init\" "
"process in the PID namespace of its parent (unless one of the nearer "
"ancestors of the parent employed the B<prctl>(2)  B<PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER> "
"command to mark itself as the reaper of orphaned descendant processes).  "
"Note that because of the B<setns>(2)  and B<unshare>(2)  semantics described "
"above, this may be the \"init\" process in the PID namespace that is the "
"I<parent> of the child's PID namespace, rather than the \"init\" process in "
"the child's own PID namespace."
msgstr ""
"Quand un processus enfant devient orphelin, il est réapparenté au processus "
"« init » dans l’espace de noms PID de son parent (sinon un des ancêtres les "
"plus proches du parent employé dans la commande B<PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER> de "
"B<prctl>(2) pour être marqué comme le récupérateur des processus de "
"descendants orphelins). Il est à noter qu’à cause des sémantiques de "
"B<setns>(2) et B<unshare>(2) décrites ci-dessus, cela peut être le processus "
"« init » dans l’espace de noms PID qui est le I<parent> de l’espace de noms "
"PID de l’enfant, plutôt que le processus « init » dans le propre espace de "
"noms PID de l’enfant."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Compatibility of CLONE_NEWPID with other CLONE_* flags"
msgstr "Compatibilité de CLONE_NEWPID avec les autres attributs CLONE_*"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "In current versions of Linux, B<CLONE_NEWPID> can't be combined with "
#| "B<CLONE_THREAD>.  Threads are required to be in the same PID namespace "
#| "such that the threads in a process can send signals to each other.  "
#| "Similarly, it must be possible to see all of the threads of a processes "
#| "in the B<proc>(5)  filesystem.  Additionally, if two threads were in "
#| "different PID namespaces, the process ID of the process sending a signal "
#| "could not be meaningfully encoded when a signal is sent (see the "
#| "description of the I<siginfo_t> type in B<sigaction>(2)).  Since this is "
#| "computed when a signal is enqueued, a signal queue shared by processes in "
#| "multiple PID namespaces would defeat that."
msgid ""
"In current versions of Linux, B<CLONE_NEWPID> can't be combined with "
"B<CLONE_THREAD>.  Threads are required to be in the same PID namespace such "
"that the threads in a process can send signals to each other.  Similarly, it "
"must be possible to see all of the threads of a process in the B<proc>(5)  "
"filesystem.  Additionally, if two threads were in different PID namespaces, "
"the process ID of the process sending a signal could not be meaningfully "
"encoded when a signal is sent (see the description of the I<siginfo_t> type "
"in B<sigaction>(2)).  Since this is computed when a signal is enqueued, a "
"signal queue shared by processes in multiple PID namespaces would defeat "
"that."
msgstr ""
"Dans les versions actuelles de Linux, B<CLONE_NEWPID> ne peut pas être "
"combiné avec B<CLONE_THREAD>. Les threads doivent être dans le même espace "
"de noms PID de telle façon que les threads puissent s’envoyer des signaux "
"les uns aux autres. De la même façon, il doit être possible de voir tous les "
"threads d’un processus dans le système de fichiers B<proc>(5). De plus, si "
"deux threads étaient dans des espaces de noms PID différents, l’ID de "
"processus du processus envoyant un signal ne pourrait pas être encodé "
"judicieusement lors de l’envoi d’un signal (consultez la description du type "
"I<siginfo_t> dans B<sigaction>(2)). Puisque que cela a du sens lorsqu'un "
"signal est mis en file d’attente, une file de signaux partagée par des "
"processus dans plusieurs espaces de noms PID irait à l’encontre de cela."

#
#.  Note these restrictions were all introduced in
#.  8382fcac1b813ad0a4e68a838fc7ae93fa39eda0
#.  when CLONE_NEWPID|CLONE_VM was disallowed
#.  (restriction lifted in faf00da544045fdc1454f3b9e6d7f65c841de302)
#.  (restriction lifted in e79f525e99b04390ca4d2366309545a836c03bf1)
#.  ============================================================
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In earlier versions of Linux, B<CLONE_NEWPID> was additionally disallowed "
"(failing with the error B<EINVAL>)  in combination with B<CLONE_SIGHAND> "
"(before Linux 4.3) as well as B<CLONE_VM> (before Linux 3.12).  The changes "
"that lifted these restrictions have also been ported to earlier stable "
"kernels."
msgstr ""
"De plus dans les premières versions de Linux, B<CLONE_NEWPID> n’était pas "
"autorisé (échouant avec l’erreur B<EINVAL>) en combinaison avec "
"B<CLONE_SIGHAND> (avant Linux 4.3) ainsi que B<CLONE_VM> (avant Linux 3.12). "
"Les modifications qui ont apporté ces restrictions ont été aussi portées sur "
"les précédents noyaux stables."

#
#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "/proc and PID namespaces"
msgstr "/proc et espaces de noms PID"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "A I</proc> filesystem shows (in the I</proc/[pid]> directories) only "
#| "processes visible in the PID namespace of the process that performed the "
#| "mount, even if the I</proc> filesystem is viewed from processes in other "
#| "namespaces."
msgid ""
"A I</proc> filesystem shows (in the I</proc/>pid directories) only processes "
"visible in the PID namespace of the process that performed the mount, even "
"if the I</proc> filesystem is viewed from processes in other namespaces."
msgstr ""
"Un système de fichiers I</proc> ne présente (dans les répertoires I</proc/"
"[pid]>) que les processus visibles dans l'espace de noms PID du processus "
"qui a effectué le montage, même si le système de fichiers I</proc> est vu "
"par des processus appartenant à d'autres espaces de noms."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"After creating a new PID namespace, it is useful for the child to change its "
"root directory and mount a new procfs instance at I</proc> so that tools "
"such as B<ps>(1)  work correctly.  If a new mount namespace is "
"simultaneously created by including B<CLONE_NEWNS> in the I<flags> argument "
"of B<clone>(2)  or B<unshare>(2), then it isn't necessary to change the root "
"directory: a new procfs instance can be mounted directly over I</proc>."
msgstr ""
"Après la création d'un nouvel espace de noms PID, un enfant peut avoir "
"intérêt à changer son répertoire racine et à monter une nouvelle instance "
"procfs sur I</proc> afin d'assurer que des commandes comme B<ps>(1) "
"fonctionneront correctement. Si un nouvel espace de noms montage est créé "
"simultanément en invoquant B<clone>(2) ou B<unshare>(2) avec l'argument "
"B<CLONE_NEWNS>, il n'est alors pas nécessaire de changer le répertoire "
"racine : une nouvelle instance procfs peut être montée directement dans I</"
"proc>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "From a shell, the command to mount I</proc> is:"
msgstr ""
"Depuis un interpréteur de commandes, la commande permettant de monter I</"
"proc> est :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ mount -t proc proc /proc\n"
msgstr "$ mount -t proc proc /proc\n"

#
#.  ============================================================
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Calling B<readlink>(2)  on the path I</proc/self> yields the process ID of "
"the caller in the PID namespace of the procfs mount (i.e., the PID namespace "
"of the process that mounted the procfs).  This can be useful for "
"introspection purposes, when a process wants to discover its PID in other "
"namespaces."
msgstr ""
"L'appel de B<readlink>(2) appliqué au chemin I</proc/self> affiche les "
"identifiants des processus de l'appelant dans l'espace de noms PID du "
"montage procfs (c'est-à-dire l'espace de noms PID du processus qui a monté "
"procfs). Cela peut être utile lorsque qu'un processus a besoin de connaître "
"son PID dans un autre espace de noms. "

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "/proc files"
msgstr "Fichiers /proc"

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B</proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid> (since Linux 3.3)"
msgstr "I</proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid> (depuis Linux 3.3)"

#.  commit b8f566b04d3cddd192cfd2418ae6d54ac6353792
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This file (which is virtualized per PID namespace)  displays the last PID "
"that was allocated in this PID namespace.  When the next PID is allocated, "
"the kernel will search for the lowest unallocated PID that is greater than "
"this value, and when this file is subsequently read it will show that PID."
msgstr ""
"Ce fichier (virtualisé par espace de noms PID) affiche le dernier PID qui a "
"été alloué dans cet espace de noms PID. Quand le prochain PID est alloué, le "
"noyau recherchera le plus petit PID non alloué qui est supérieur à cette "
"valeur, et quand ce fichier est lu ultérieurement, il affiche ce PID."

#
#.  This ability is necessary to support checkpoint restore in user-space
#.  ============================================================
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This file is writable by a process that has the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> or (since "
"Linux 5.9)  B<CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE> capability inside the user namespace "
"that owns the PID namespace.  This makes it possible to determine the PID "
"that is allocated to the next process that is created inside this PID "
"namespace."
msgstr ""
"Un processus peut écrire sur ce fichier s’il a la capacité B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> "
"ou (depuis Linux 5.9) B<CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE> à l’intérieur de l’espace de "
"noms utilisateur qui possède l’espace de noms PID. Cela rend possible de "
"déterminer le PID qui est alloué au prochain processus créé dans cet espace "
"de noms PID."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Miscellaneous"
msgstr "Divers"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"When a process ID is passed over a UNIX domain socket to a process in a "
"different PID namespace (see the description of B<SCM_CREDENTIALS> in "
"B<unix>(7)), it is translated into the corresponding PID value in the "
"receiving process's PID namespace."
msgstr ""
"Lorsqu'un identifiant de processus est transmis à l’aide d’un socket de "
"domaine UNIX à un processus d'un autre espace de noms PID (consultez "
"B<SCM_CREDENTIALS> dans B<unix>(7)), il est transformé pour devenir le PID "
"correspondant dans l'espace de noms PID du processus recevant. "

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "STANDARDS"
msgstr "STANDARDS"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Linux."
msgstr "Linux."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "EXAMPLES"
msgstr "EXEMPLES"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "See B<user_namespaces>(7)."
msgstr "Consulter B<user_namespaces>(7)."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr "VOIR AUSSI"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<clone>(2), B<reboot>(2), B<setns>(2), B<unshare>(2), B<proc>(5), "
"B<capabilities>(7), B<credentials>(7), B<mount_namespaces>(7), "
"B<namespaces>(7), B<user_namespaces>(7), B<switch_root>(8)"
msgstr ""
"B<clone>(2), B<reboot>(2), B<setns>(2), B<unshare>(2), B<proc>(5), "
"B<capabilities>(7), B<credentials>(7), B<mount_namespaces>(7), "
"B<namespaces>(7), B<user_namespaces>(7), B<switch_root>(8)"

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-02-05"
msgstr "5 février 2023"

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.03"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid "Namespaces are a Linux-specific feature."
msgstr "Les espaces de noms sont propres à Linux."

#. type: TH
#: debian-unstable opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-03-30"
msgstr "30 mars 2023"

#. type: TH
#: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.05.01"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.05.01"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.04"