path: root/po/ru/man5/utmp.5.po

# Russian translation of manpages
# This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package.
# Copyright © of this file:
# Azamat Hackimov <azamat.hackimov@gmail.com>, 2013, 2016.
# Dmitriy Ovchinnikov <dmitriyxt5@gmail.com>, 2012.
# Dmitry Bolkhovskikh <d20052005@yandex.ru>, 2017.
# Katrin Kutepova <blackkatelv@gmail.com>, 2018.
# Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>, 2011-2019.
# Иван Павлов <pavia00@gmail.com>, 2017.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: manpages-l10n\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-06-01 06:33+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-10-15 18:59+0300\n"
"Last-Translator: Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>\n"
"Language-Team: Russian <man-pages-ru-talks@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
"Language: ru\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=4; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
"%10<=4 && (n%100<12 || n%100>14) ? 1 : n%10==0 || (n%10>=5 && n%10<=9) || (n"
"%100>=11 && n%100<=14)? 2 : 3);\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 2.0\n"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "utmp"
msgstr "utmp"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "2024-05-02"
msgstr "2 мая 2024 г."

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-unstable
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7"
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.8"
msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.7"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr "ИМЯ"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "utmp, wtmp - login records"
msgstr "utmp, wtmp - записи о входах в систему"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SYNOPSIS"
msgstr "СИНТАКСИС"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>utmp.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr "B<#include E<lt>utmp.hE<gt>>\n"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr "ОПИСАНИЕ"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<utmp> file allows one to discover information about who is currently "
"using the system.  There may be more users currently using the system, "
"because not all programs use utmp logging."
msgstr ""
"Файл I<utmp> позволяет получать информацию о том, кто в данный момент "
"работает в системе. Пользователей, в данное время использующих систему, "
"может быть большое количество, поскольку не все программы используют "
"протоколирование через utmp."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<Warning:> I<utmp> must not be writable by the user class \"other\", "
"because many system programs (foolishly)  depend on its integrity.  You risk "
"faked system logfiles and modifications of system files if you leave I<utmp> "
"writable to any user other than the owner and group owner of the file."
msgstr ""
"B<Предупреждение:> I<utmp> не должен быть доступен на запись классу "
"пользователей \"остальные\", так как многие системные программы (что очень "
"глупо) зависят от его целостности. Вы рискуете получить фиктивные системные "
"файлы статистики и изменения в системных файлах, если предоставите любому "
"пользователю возможность писать в файл I<utmp> кроме владельца и группы, "
"которой принадлежит файл."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The file is a sequence of I<utmp> structures, declared as follows in "
"I<E<lt>utmp.hE<gt>> (note that this is only one of several definitions "
"around; details depend on the version of libc):"
msgstr ""
"Файл состоит из списка записей с типом структуры I<utmp>, объявленной в "
"I<E<lt>utmp.hE<gt>> (заметим, что в данном случае указано только один из "
"вариантов; детали зависят от версии libc):"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid ""
#| "struct utmp {\n"
#| "    short   ut_type;              /* Type of record */\n"
#| "    pid_t   ut_pid;               /* PID of login process */\n"
#| "    char    ut_line[UT_LINESIZE]; /* Device name of tty - \"/dev/\" */\n"
#| "    char    ut_id[4];             /* Terminal name suffix,\n"
#| "                                     or inittab(5) ID */\n"
#| "    char    ut_user[UT_NAMESIZE]; /* Username */\n"
#| "    char    ut_host[UT_HOSTSIZE]; /* Hostname for remote login, or\n"
#| "                                     kernel version for run-level\n"
#| "                                     messages */\n"
#| "    struct  exit_status ut_exit;  /* Exit status of a process\n"
#| "                                     marked as DEAD_PROCESS; not\n"
#| "                                     used by Linux init(1) */\n"
#| "    /* The ut_session and ut_tv fields must be the same size when\n"
#| "       compiled 32- and 64-bit.  This allows data files and shared\n"
#| "       memory to be shared between 32- and 64-bit applications. */\n"
#| "#if __WORDSIZE == 64 && defined __WORDSIZE_COMPAT32\n"
#| "    int32_t ut_session;           /* Session ID (B<getsid>(2)),\n"
#| "                                     used for windowing */\n"
#| "    struct {\n"
#| "        int32_t tv_sec;           /* Seconds */\n"
#| "        int32_t tv_usec;          /* Microseconds */\n"
#| "    } ut_tv;                      /* Time entry was made */\n"
#| "#else\n"
#| "     long   ut_session;           /* Session ID */\n"
#| "     struct timeval ut_tv;        /* Time entry was made */\n"
#| "#endif\n"
msgid ""
"/* Values for ut_type field, below */\n"
"\\&\n"
"#define EMPTY         0 /* Record does not contain valid info\n"
"                           (formerly known as UT_UNKNOWN on Linux) */\n"
"#define RUN_LVL       1 /* Change in system run-level (see\n"
"                           B<init>(1)) */\n"
"#define BOOT_TIME     2 /* Time of system boot (in I<ut_tv>) */\n"
"#define NEW_TIME      3 /* Time after system clock change\n"
"                           (in I<ut_tv>) */\n"
"#define OLD_TIME      4 /* Time before system clock change\n"
"                           (in I<ut_tv>) */\n"
"#define INIT_PROCESS  5 /* Process spawned by B<init>(1) */\n"
"#define LOGIN_PROCESS 6 /* Session leader process for user login */\n"
"#define USER_PROCESS  7 /* Normal process */\n"
"#define DEAD_PROCESS  8 /* Terminated process */\n"
"#define ACCOUNTING    9 /* Not implemented */\n"
"\\&\n"
"#define UT_LINESIZE      32\n"
"#define UT_NAMESIZE      32\n"
"#define UT_HOSTSIZE     256\n"
"\\&\n"
"struct exit_status {              /* Type for ut_exit, below */\n"
"    short e_termination;          /* Process termination status */\n"
"    short e_exit;                 /* Process exit status */\n"
"};\n"
"\\&\n"
"struct utmp {\n"
"    short   ut_type;              /* Type of record */\n"
"    pid_t   ut_pid;               /* PID of login process */\n"
"    char    ut_line[UT_LINESIZE]; /* Device name of tty - \"/dev/\" */\n"
"    char    ut_id[4];             /* Terminal name suffix,\n"
"                                     or inittab(5) ID */\n"
"    char    ut_user[UT_NAMESIZE]; /* Username */\n"
"    char    ut_host[UT_HOSTSIZE]; /* Hostname for remote login, or\n"
"                                     kernel version for run-level\n"
"                                     messages */\n"
"    struct  exit_status ut_exit;  /* Exit status of a process\n"
"                                     marked as DEAD_PROCESS; not\n"
"                                     used by Linux init(1) */\n"
"    /* The ut_session and ut_tv fields must be the same size when\n"
"       compiled 32- and 64-bit.  This allows data files and shared\n"
"       memory to be shared between 32- and 64-bit applications. */\n"
"#if __WORDSIZE == 64 && defined __WORDSIZE_COMPAT32\n"
"    int32_t ut_session;           /* Session ID (B<getsid>(2)),\n"
"                                     used for windowing */\n"
"    struct {\n"
"        int32_t tv_sec;           /* Seconds */\n"
"        int32_t tv_usec;          /* Microseconds */\n"
"    } ut_tv;                      /* Time entry was made */\n"
"#else\n"
"     long   ut_session;           /* Session ID */\n"
"     struct timeval ut_tv;        /* Time entry was made */\n"
"#endif\n"
"\\&\n"
"    int32_t ut_addr_v6[4];        /* Internet address of remote\n"
"                                     host; IPv4 address uses\n"
"                                     just ut_addr_v6[0] */\n"
"    char __unused[20];            /* Reserved for future use */\n"
"};\n"
"\\&\n"
"/* Backward compatibility hacks */\n"
"#define ut_name ut_user\n"
"#ifndef _NO_UT_TIME\n"
"#define ut_time ut_tv.tv_sec\n"
"#endif\n"
"#define ut_xtime ut_tv.tv_sec\n"
"#define ut_addr ut_addr_v6[0]\n"
msgstr ""
"struct utmp {\n"
"    short   ut_type;              /* тип записи */\n"
"    pid_t   ut_pid;               /* PID процесса входа в систему */\n"
"    char    ut_line[UT_LINESIZE]; /* имя устройства tty - \"/dev/\" */\n"
"    char    ut_id[4];             /* суффикс имени терминала\n"
"                                     или inittab(5) ID */\n"
"    char    ut_user[UT_NAMESIZE]; /* имя пользователя */\n"
"    char    ut_host[UT_HOSTSIZE]; /* имя узла при удалённом входе или\n"
"                                     версия ядра для сообщений\n"
"                                     уровня выполнения */\n"
"    struct  exit_status ut_exit;  /* код выхода процесса,\n"
"                                     помеченного как DEAD_PROCESS; не\n"
"                                     используется Linux init(1) */\n"
"    /* Поля ut_session и ut_tv должны быть одинакового размера и при\n"
"       32- и при 64-битной компиляции. Это позволяет использовать файлы\n"
"       данных и память одновременно и в 32- и в 64-битных приложениях. */\n"
"#if __WORDSIZE == 64 && defined __WORDSIZE_COMPAT32\n"
"    int32_t ut_session;           /* ID сеанса (B<getsid>(2)),\n"
"                                     используемый при работе с окнами */\n"
"    struct {\n"
"        int32_t tv_sec;           /* секунды */\n"
"        int32_t tv_usec;          /* микросекунды */\n"
"    } ut_tv;                      /* время создания элемента */\n"
"#else\n"
"     long   ut_session;           /* ID сеанса */\n"
"     struct timeval ut_tv;        /* время создания элемента */\n"
"#endif\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "This structure gives the name of the special file associated with the "
#| "user's terminal, the user's login name, and the time of login in the form "
#| "of B<time>(2).  String fields are terminated by a null byte (\\(aq"
#| "\\e0\\(aq)  if they are shorter than the size of the field."
msgid ""
"This structure gives the name of the special file associated with the user's "
"terminal, the user's login name, and the time of login in the form of "
"B<time>(2).  String fields are terminated by a null byte (\\[aq]\\e0\\[aq])  "
"if they are shorter than the size of the field."
msgstr ""
"Эта структура дает имя специальному файлу, связанному с терминалом "
"пользователя, именем входа пользователя и временем входа в виде как у "
"B<time>(2). Поля строк заканчиваются байтом null (\\(aq\\e\\(aq), если они "
"короче, чем размер поля."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The first entries ever created result from B<init>(1)  processing "
"B<inittab>(5).  Before an entry is processed, though, B<init>(1)  cleans up "
"utmp by setting I<ut_type> to B<DEAD_PROCESS>, clearing I<ut_user>, "
"I<ut_host>, and I<ut_time> with null bytes for each record which I<ut_type> "
"is not B<DEAD_PROCESS> or B<RUN_LVL> and where no process with PID I<ut_pid> "
"exists.  If no empty record with the needed I<ut_id> can be found, "
"B<init>(1)  creates a new one.  It sets I<ut_id> from the inittab, I<ut_pid> "
"and I<ut_time> to the current values, and I<ut_type> to B<INIT_PROCESS>."
msgstr ""
"Самые первые записи создаются B<init>(1) после обработки B<inittab>(5). Хотя "
"перед тем, как элемент обрабатывается, B<init>(1) очищает utmp, устанавливая "
"I<ut_type> равным B<DEAD_PROCESS>, заполняя I<ut_user>, I<ut_host> и "
"I<ut_time> нулевыми байтами в записях, в которых I<ut_type> не равен "
"B<DEAD_PROCESS> или B<RUN_LVL> и для которых не существует процессов с PID, "
"равным I<ut_pid>. Если не найдено ни одной пустой записи с нужным I<ut_id>, "
"то B<init>(1) создает новую. Он устанавливает значение I<ut_id> из inittab, "
"I<ut_pid> и I<ut_time> из текущих значений и I<ut_type> в B<INIT_PROCESS>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<mingetty>(8)  (or B<agetty>(8))  locates the entry by the PID, changes "
"I<ut_type> to B<LOGIN_PROCESS>, changes I<ut_time>, sets I<ut_line>, and "
"waits for connection to be established.  B<login>(1), after a user has been "
"authenticated, changes I<ut_type> to B<USER_PROCESS>, changes I<ut_time>, "
"and sets I<ut_host> and I<ut_addr>.  Depending on B<mingetty>(8)  (or "
"B<agetty>(8))  and B<login>(1), records may be located by I<ut_line> instead "
"of the preferable I<ut_pid>."
msgstr ""
"B<mingetty>(8) (или B<agetty>(8)) находит элементы по их идентификатору PID, "
"меняет I<ut_type> на B<LOGIN_PROCESS>, изменяет I<ut_time>, устанавливает "
"I<ut_line> и ожидает установки соединения.B<login>(1), после того как "
"пользователь был идентифицирован, меняет I<ut_type> на B<USER_PROCESS>, "
"изменяет I<ut_time> и устанавливает I<ut_host> и I<ut_addr>. В зависимости "
"от B<mingetty>(8) (или B<agetty>(8)) и B<login>(1), записи могут быть "
"расположены в соответствии с I<ut_line>, вместо более предпочитаемого "
"I<ut_pid>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"When B<init>(1)  finds that a process has exited, it locates its utmp entry "
"by I<ut_pid>, sets I<ut_type> to B<DEAD_PROCESS>, and clears I<ut_user>, "
"I<ut_host>, and I<ut_time> with null bytes."
msgstr ""
"Когда B<init>(1) обнаруживает, что процесс завершился, он находит его запись "
"в utmp по I<ut_pid>, устанавливает I<ut_type> в B<DEAD_PROCESS>, и затирает "
"I<ut_user>, I<ut_host> и I<ut_time> нулями."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "B<xterm>(1)  and other terminal emulators directly create a "
#| "B<USER_PROCESS> record and generate the I<ut_id> by using the string that "
#| "suffix part of the terminal name (the characters following I</dev/"
#| "[pt]ty>).  If they find a B<DEAD_PROCESS> for this ID, they recycle it, "
#| "otherwise they create a new entry.  If they can, they will mark it as "
#| "B<DEAD_PROCESS> on exiting and it is advised that they null I<ut_line>, "
#| "I<ut_time>, I<ut_user>, and I<ut_host> as well."
msgid ""
"B<xterm>(1)  and other terminal emulators directly create a B<USER_PROCESS> "
"record and generate the I<ut_id> by using the string that suffix part of the "
"terminal name (the characters following I</dev/>[pt]I<ty>).  If they find a "
"B<DEAD_PROCESS> for this ID, they recycle it, otherwise they create a new "
"entry.  If they can, they will mark it as B<DEAD_PROCESS> on exiting and it "
"is advised that they null I<ut_line>, I<ut_time>, I<ut_user>, and I<ut_host> "
"as well."
msgstr ""
"B<xterm>(1) и другие эмуляторы терминалов самостоятельно создают запись "
"B<USER_PROCESS> и генерируют I<ut_id>, используя последние две буквы имени "
"из имени терминала (символы после I</dev/[pt]ty>). Если они обнаруживают "
"B<DEAD_PROCESS> для этого ID, то они удаляют его или создают новый элемент. "
"Если возможно, они пометят его как B<DEAD_PROCESS> при выходе; "
"предполагается, что они также обнуляют I<ut_line>, I<ut_time>, I<ut_user> и "
"I<ut_host>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<telnetd>(8)  sets up a B<LOGIN_PROCESS> entry and leaves the rest to "
"B<login>(1)  as usual.  After the telnet session ends, B<telnetd>(8)  cleans "
"up utmp in the described way."
msgstr ""
"B<telnetd>(8)  устанавливает элемент B<LOGIN_PROCESS> и оставляет остальное, "
"как обычно, аргументу для B<login>(1). После завершения сеанса telnet, "
"B<telnetd>(8) очищает utmp вышеописанным путем."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The I<wtmp> file records all logins and logouts.  Its format is exactly "
#| "like I<utmp> except that a null username indicates a logout on the "
#| "associated terminal.  Furthermore, the terminal name B<\\(ti> with "
#| "username B<shutdown> or B<reboot> indicates a system shutdown or reboot "
#| "and the pair of terminal names B<|>/B<}> logs the old/new system time "
#| "when B<date>(1)  changes it.  I<wtmp> is maintained by B<login>(1), "
#| "B<init>(1), and some versions of B<getty>(8)  (e.g., B<mingetty>(8)  or "
#| "B<agetty>(8)).  None of these programs creates the file, so if it is "
#| "removed, record-keeping is turned off."
msgid ""
"The I<wtmp> file records all logins and logouts.  Its format is exactly like "
"I<utmp> except that a null username indicates a logout on the associated "
"terminal.  Furthermore, the terminal name B<\\[ti]> with username "
"B<shutdown> or B<reboot> indicates a system shutdown or reboot and the pair "
"of terminal names B<|>/B<}> logs the old/new system time when B<date>(1)  "
"changes it.  I<wtmp> is maintained by B<login>(1), B<init>(1), and some "
"versions of B<getty>(8)  (e.g., B<mingetty>(8)  or B<agetty>(8)).  None of "
"these programs creates the file, so if it is removed, record-keeping is "
"turned off."
msgstr ""
"В файл I<wtmp> записываются все входы и выходы в систему. Его формат в "
"точности похож на формат I<utmp>, за исключением того, что пустое имя "
"пользователя означает выход из системы через связанный терминал. Кроме того, "
"название терминала B<\\(ti> с именем пользователя B<shutdown> или B<reboot> "
"означает выключение системы или её перезагрузку, а пара названий терминала "
"B<|>/B<}> означает старое/новое системное время в случае, когда B<date>(1) "
"меняет их. В I<wtmp> пишут B<login>(1), B<init>(1) и некоторые версии "
"B<getty>(8) (например, B<mingetty>(8) или B<agetty>(8)). Ни одна из этих "
"программ не создает файл, поэтому если он удалён, то ведение записей "
"заканчивается."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "FILES"
msgstr "ФАЙЛЫ"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "I</var/run/utmp>"
msgstr "I</var/run/utmp>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "I</var/log/wtmp>"
msgstr "I</var/log/wtmp>"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "VERSIONS"
msgstr "ВЕРСИИ"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "POSIX.1 does not specify a I<utmp> structure, but rather one named "
#| "I<utmpx>, with specifications for the fields I<ut_type>, I<ut_pid>, "
#| "I<ut_line>, I<ut_id>, I<ut_user>, and I<ut_tv>.  POSIX.1 does not specify "
#| "the lengths of the I<ut_line> and I<ut_user> fields."
msgid ""
"POSIX.1 does not specify a I<utmp> structure, but rather one named I<utmpx> "
"(as part of the XSI extension), with specifications for the fields "
"I<ut_type>, I<ut_pid>, I<ut_line>, I<ut_id>, I<ut_user>, and I<ut_tv>.  "
"POSIX.1 does not specify the lengths of the I<ut_line> and I<ut_user> fields."
msgstr ""
"В POSIX.1 структура I<utmp> не определена, но есть похожая с именем I<utmpx> "
"и полями I<ut_type>, I<ut_pid>, I<ut_line>, I<ut_id>, I<ut_user> и I<ut_tv>. "
"В POSIX.1 не указан размер полей I<ut_line> и I<ut_user>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Linux defines the I<utmpx> structure to be the same as the I<utmp> structure."
msgstr "В Linux структура I<utmpx> совпадает со структурой I<utmp>."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "STANDARDS"
msgstr "СТАНДАРТЫ"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Linux."
msgstr "Linux."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "HISTORY"
msgstr "ИСТОРИЯ"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Linux utmp entries conform neither to v7/BSD nor to System V; they are a mix "
"of the two."
msgstr ""
"В Linux записи utmp не следуют форматам ни v7/BSD ни System V; они содержат "
"поля из обоих форматов."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"v7/BSD has fewer fields; most importantly it lacks I<ut_type>, which causes "
"native v7/BSD-like programs to display (for example) dead or login entries.  "
"Further, there is no configuration file which allocates slots to sessions.  "
"BSD does so because it lacks I<ut_id> fields."
msgstr ""
"v7/BSD имеет меньшее количество полей; важнее всего то, что в нём нет "
"I<ut_type>, который заставляет v7/BSD-совместимые программы выводить, к "
"примеру, отработавшие записи или записи о входе систему. Также в этой версии "
"отсутствует файл настройки, который определяет места для сеансов. Всё это "
"делается в BSD из-за отсутствия поля I<ut_id>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In Linux (as in System V), the I<ut_id> field of a record will never change "
"once it has been set, which reserves that slot without needing a "
"configuration file.  Clearing I<ut_id> may result in race conditions leading "
"to corrupted utmp entries and potential security holes.  Clearing the "
"abovementioned fields by filling them with null bytes is not required by "
"System V semantics, but makes it possible to run many programs which assume "
"BSD semantics and which do not modify utmp.  Linux uses the BSD conventions "
"for line contents, as documented above."
msgstr ""
"В Linux (как в System V) поле I<ut_id> записи никогда не меняется после "
"того, как один раз установлено, что позволяет резервировать место без "
"необходимости в файле настройки. Очищение I<ut_id> может привести к "
"соперничеству, приводящему к повреждению элементов utmp и нарушению "
"безопасности системы. Очистка вышеупомянутых полей нулями не требуется "
"согласно семантике System V, но позволяет запускать многие программы, "
"которые используют семантику BSD и которые не изменяют utmp. Linux "
"использует соглашение BSD при работе с содержимым строк, как описано ранее."

#.  mtk: What is the referrent of "them" in the following sentence?
#.  System V only uses the type field to mark them and logs
#.  informative messages such as \fB"new time"\fP in the line field.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "System V has no I<ut_host> or I<ut_addr_v6> fields."
msgstr "В System V нет полей I<ut_host> и I<ut_addr_v6>."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr "ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Unlike various other systems, where utmp logging can be disabled by removing "
"the file, utmp must always exist on Linux.  If you want to disable "
"B<who>(1), then do not make utmp world readable."
msgstr ""
"В отличии от других систем, где протоколирование сообщений utmp может быть "
"выключено простым удалением файла, в Linux файл utmp всегда должен "
"существовать. Если вы хотите отключить B<who>(1), то просто сделайте чтение "
"utmp недоступным всем остальным."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The file format is machine-dependent, so it is recommended that it be "
"processed only on the machine architecture where it was created."
msgstr ""
"Формат файла зависит от архитектуры, поэтому рекомендуется, чтобы он "
"обрабатывался только на машинах с одинаковой архитектурой."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Note that on I<biarch> platforms, that is, systems which can run both 32-bit "
"and 64-bit applications (x86-64, ppc64, s390x, etc.), I<ut_tv> is the same "
"size in 32-bit mode as in 64-bit mode.  The same goes for I<ut_session> and "
"I<ut_time> if they are present.  This allows data files and shared memory to "
"be shared between 32-bit and 64-bit applications.  This is achieved by "
"changing the type of I<ut_session> to I<int32_t>, and that of I<ut_tv> to a "
"struct with two I<int32_t> fields I<tv_sec> and I<tv_usec>.  Since I<ut_tv> "
"may not be the same as I<struct timeval>, then instead of the call:"
msgstr ""
"Заметим, что на I<двуархитектурных> платформах, то есть системах, которые "
"позволяют запускать сразу 32- и 64-битные приложения (x86-64, ppc64, s390x и "
"т.д.), поле I<ut_tv> имеет одинаковый размер в 32- и 64-битном режиме. Это "
"же относится к I<ut_session> и I<ut_time>, если они есть. Это позволяет "
"использовать файлы данных и память одновременно и в 32- и в 64-битных "
"приложениях. Данная возможность достигается сменой типа I<ut_session> на "
"I<int32_t> и I<ut_tv> на структуру с двумя полями I<int32_t> \\(em I<tv_sec> "
"и I<tv_usec>. Так как I<ut_tv> не может быть одинакова с I<struct timeval>, "
"то вместо вызова:"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "gettimeofday((struct timeval *) &ut.ut_tv, NULL);\n"
msgstr "gettimeofday((struct timeval *) &ut.ut_tv, NULL);\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "the following method of setting this field is recommended:"
msgstr "для установки значения этого поля рекомендуется использовать:"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid ""
#| "gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);\n"
#| "ut.ut_tv.tv_sec = tv.tv_sec;\n"
#| "ut.ut_tv.tv_usec = tv.tv_usec;\n"
msgid ""
"struct utmp ut;\n"
"struct timeval tv;\n"
"\\&\n"
"gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);\n"
"ut.ut_tv.tv_sec = tv.tv_sec;\n"
"ut.ut_tv.tv_usec = tv.tv_usec;\n"
msgstr ""
"gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);\n"
"ut.ut_tv.tv_sec = tv.tv_sec;\n"
"ut.ut_tv.tv_usec = tv.tv_usec;\n"

#. #-#-#-#-#  archlinux: utmp.5.pot (PACKAGE VERSION)  #-#-#-#-#
#.  .P
#.  Note that the \fIutmp\fP struct from libc5 has changed in libc6.
#.  Because of this,
#.  binaries using the old libc5 struct will corrupt
#.  .IR /var/run/utmp " and/or " /var/log/wtmp .
#.  .SH BUGS
#.  This man page is based on the libc5 one, things may work differently now.
#. type: SH
#. #-#-#-#-#  debian-bookworm: utmp.5.pot (PACKAGE VERSION)  #-#-#-#-#
#.  .PP
#.  Note that the \fIutmp\fP struct from libc5 has changed in libc6.
#.  Because of this,
#.  binaries using the old libc5 struct will corrupt
#.  .IR /var/run/utmp " and/or " /var/log/wtmp .
#.  .SH BUGS
#.  This man page is based on the libc5 one, things may work differently now.
#. type: SH
#. #-#-#-#-#  debian-unstable: utmp.5.pot (PACKAGE VERSION)  #-#-#-#-#
#.  .P
#.  Note that the \fIutmp\fP struct from libc5 has changed in libc6.
#.  Because of this,
#.  binaries using the old libc5 struct will corrupt
#.  .IR /var/run/utmp " and/or " /var/log/wtmp .
#.  .SH BUGS
#.  This man page is based on the libc5 one, things may work differently now.
#. type: SH
#. #-#-#-#-#  fedora-40: utmp.5.pot (PACKAGE VERSION)  #-#-#-#-#
#.  .P
#.  Note that the \fIutmp\fP struct from libc5 has changed in libc6.
#.  Because of this,
#.  binaries using the old libc5 struct will corrupt
#.  .IR /var/run/utmp " and/or " /var/log/wtmp .
#.  .SH BUGS
#.  This man page is based on the libc5 one, things may work differently now.
#. type: SH
#. #-#-#-#-#  fedora-rawhide: utmp.5.pot (PACKAGE VERSION)  #-#-#-#-#
#.  .P
#.  Note that the \fIutmp\fP struct from libc5 has changed in libc6.
#.  Because of this,
#.  binaries using the old libc5 struct will corrupt
#.  .IR /var/run/utmp " and/or " /var/log/wtmp .
#.  .SH BUGS
#.  This man page is based on the libc5 one, things may work differently now.
#. type: SH
#. #-#-#-#-#  mageia-cauldron: utmp.5.pot (PACKAGE VERSION)  #-#-#-#-#
#.  .P
#.  Note that the \fIutmp\fP struct from libc5 has changed in libc6.
#.  Because of this,
#.  binaries using the old libc5 struct will corrupt
#.  .IR /var/run/utmp " and/or " /var/log/wtmp .
#.  .SH BUGS
#.  This man page is based on the libc5 one, things may work differently now.
#. type: SH
#. #-#-#-#-#  opensuse-leap-15-6: utmp.5.pot (PACKAGE VERSION)  #-#-#-#-#
#.  .PP
#.  Note that the \fIutmp\fP struct from libc5 has changed in libc6.
#.  Because of this,
#.  binaries using the old libc5 struct will corrupt
#.  .IR /var/run/utmp " and/or " /var/log/wtmp .
#.  .SH BUGS
#.  This man page is based on the libc5 one, things may work differently now.
#. type: SH
#. #-#-#-#-#  opensuse-tumbleweed: utmp.5.pot (PACKAGE VERSION)  #-#-#-#-#
#.  .P
#.  Note that the \fIutmp\fP struct from libc5 has changed in libc6.
#.  Because of this,
#.  binaries using the old libc5 struct will corrupt
#.  .IR /var/run/utmp " and/or " /var/log/wtmp .
#.  .SH BUGS
#.  This man page is based on the libc5 one, things may work differently now.
#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<ac>(1), B<date>(1), B<init>(1), B<last>(1), B<login>(1), B<logname>(1), "
"B<lslogins>(1), B<users>(1), B<utmpdump>(1), B<who>(1), B<getutent>(3), "
"B<getutmp>(3), B<login>(3), B<logout>(3), B<logwtmp>(3), B<updwtmp>(3)"
msgstr ""
"B<ac>(1), B<date>(1), B<init>(1), B<last>(1), B<login>(1), B<logname>(1), "
"B<lslogins>(1), B<users>(1), B<utmpdump>(1), B<who>(1), B<getutent>(3), "
"B<getutmp>(3), B<login>(3), B<logout>(3), B<logwtmp>(3), B<updwtmp>(3)"

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-02-05"
msgstr "5 февраля 2023 г."

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03"
msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.03"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "/* Values for ut_type field, below */\n"
msgstr "/* Значения поля ut_type приведены далее */\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define EMPTY         0 /* Record does not contain valid info\n"
"                           (formerly known as UT_UNKNOWN on Linux) */\n"
"#define RUN_LVL       1 /* Change in system run-level (see\n"
"                           B<init>(1)) */\n"
"#define BOOT_TIME     2 /* Time of system boot (in I<ut_tv>) */\n"
"#define NEW_TIME      3 /* Time after system clock change\n"
"                           (in I<ut_tv>) */\n"
"#define OLD_TIME      4 /* Time before system clock change\n"
"                           (in I<ut_tv>) */\n"
"#define INIT_PROCESS  5 /* Process spawned by B<init>(1) */\n"
"#define LOGIN_PROCESS 6 /* Session leader process for user login */\n"
"#define USER_PROCESS  7 /* Normal process */\n"
"#define DEAD_PROCESS  8 /* Terminated process */\n"
"#define ACCOUNTING    9 /* Not implemented */\n"
msgstr ""
"#define EMPTY         0 /* запись не содержит корректной информации\n"
"                           (также называемая UT_UNKNOWN в Linux) */\n"
"#define RUN_LVL       1 /* изменение уровня выполнения (см.\n"
"                           B<init>(1)) */\n"
"#define BOOT_TIME     2 /* время загрузки системы (в I<ut_tv>) */\n"
"#define NEW_TIME      3 /* время после изменения часов системы\n"
"                           (в I<ut_tv>) */\n"
"#define OLD_TIME      4 /* время до изменения часов в системе\n"
"                           (в I<ut_tv>) */\n"
"#define INIT_PROCESS  5 /* процесс запущен B<init>(1) */\n"
"#define LOGIN_PROCESS 6 /* процесс-лидер сеанса для пользовательского входа */\n"
"#define USER_PROCESS  7 /* нормальный процесс */\n"
"#define DEAD_PROCESS  8 /* завершённый процесс */\n"
"#define ACCOUNTING    9 /* не реализовано */\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define UT_LINESIZE      32\n"
"#define UT_NAMESIZE      32\n"
"#define UT_HOSTSIZE     256\n"
msgstr ""
"#define UT_LINESIZE      32\n"
"#define UT_NAMESIZE      32\n"
"#define UT_HOSTSIZE     256\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"struct exit_status {              /* Type for ut_exit, below */\n"
"    short e_termination;          /* Process termination status */\n"
"    short e_exit;                 /* Process exit status */\n"
"};\n"
msgstr ""
"struct exit_status {              /* тип для ut_exit, описан далее */\n"
"    short e_termination;          /* код завершения процесса */\n"
"    short e_exit;                 /* код выхода процесса */\n"
"};\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"struct utmp {\n"
"    short   ut_type;              /* Type of record */\n"
"    pid_t   ut_pid;               /* PID of login process */\n"
"    char    ut_line[UT_LINESIZE]; /* Device name of tty - \"/dev/\" */\n"
"    char    ut_id[4];             /* Terminal name suffix,\n"
"                                     or inittab(5) ID */\n"
"    char    ut_user[UT_NAMESIZE]; /* Username */\n"
"    char    ut_host[UT_HOSTSIZE]; /* Hostname for remote login, or\n"
"                                     kernel version for run-level\n"
"                                     messages */\n"
"    struct  exit_status ut_exit;  /* Exit status of a process\n"
"                                     marked as DEAD_PROCESS; not\n"
"                                     used by Linux init(1) */\n"
"    /* The ut_session and ut_tv fields must be the same size when\n"
"       compiled 32- and 64-bit.  This allows data files and shared\n"
"       memory to be shared between 32- and 64-bit applications. */\n"
"#if __WORDSIZE == 64 && defined __WORDSIZE_COMPAT32\n"
"    int32_t ut_session;           /* Session ID (B<getsid>(2)),\n"
"                                     used for windowing */\n"
"    struct {\n"
"        int32_t tv_sec;           /* Seconds */\n"
"        int32_t tv_usec;          /* Microseconds */\n"
"    } ut_tv;                      /* Time entry was made */\n"
"#else\n"
"     long   ut_session;           /* Session ID */\n"
"     struct timeval ut_tv;        /* Time entry was made */\n"
"#endif\n"
msgstr ""
"struct utmp {\n"
"    short   ut_type;              /* тип записи */\n"
"    pid_t   ut_pid;               /* PID процесса входа в систему */\n"
"    char    ut_line[UT_LINESIZE]; /* имя устройства tty - \"/dev/\" */\n"
"    char    ut_id[4];             /* суффикс имени терминала\n"
"                                     или inittab(5) ID */\n"
"    char    ut_user[UT_NAMESIZE]; /* имя пользователя */\n"
"    char    ut_host[UT_HOSTSIZE]; /* имя узла при удалённом входе или\n"
"                                     версия ядра для сообщений\n"
"                                     уровня выполнения */\n"
"    struct  exit_status ut_exit;  /* код выхода процесса,\n"
"                                     помеченного как DEAD_PROCESS; не\n"
"                                     используется Linux init(1) */\n"
"    /* Поля ut_session и ut_tv должны быть одинакового размера и при\n"
"       32- и при 64-битной компиляции. Это позволяет использовать файлы\n"
"       данных и память одновременно и в 32- и в 64-битных приложениях. */\n"
"#if __WORDSIZE == 64 && defined __WORDSIZE_COMPAT32\n"
"    int32_t ut_session;           /* ID сеанса (B<getsid>(2)),\n"
"                                     используемый при работе с окнами */\n"
"    struct {\n"
"        int32_t tv_sec;           /* секунды */\n"
"        int32_t tv_usec;          /* микросекунды */\n"
"    } ut_tv;                      /* время создания элемента */\n"
"#else\n"
"     long   ut_session;           /* ID сеанса */\n"
"     struct timeval ut_tv;        /* время создания элемента */\n"
"#endif\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    int32_t ut_addr_v6[4];        /* Internet address of remote\n"
"                                     host; IPv4 address uses\n"
"                                     just ut_addr_v6[0] */\n"
"    char __unused[20];            /* Reserved for future use */\n"
"};\n"
msgstr ""
"    int32_t ut_addr_v6[4];        /* интернет-адрес удалённого\n"
"                                     узла; для адреса IPv4 используется\n"
"                                     только ut_addr_v6[0] */\n"
"    char __unused[20];            /* зарезервировано для будущего\n"
"                                     использования */\n"
"};\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/* Backward compatibility hacks */\n"
"#define ut_name ut_user\n"
"#ifndef _NO_UT_TIME\n"
"#define ut_time ut_tv.tv_sec\n"
"#endif\n"
"#define ut_xtime ut_tv.tv_sec\n"
"#define ut_addr ut_addr_v6[0]\n"
msgstr ""
"/* разное для обратной совместимости */\n"
"#define ut_name ut_user\n"
"#ifndef _NO_UT_TIME\n"
"#define ut_time ut_tv.tv_sec\n"
"#endif\n"
"#define ut_xtime ut_tv.tv_sec\n"
"#define ut_addr ut_addr_v6[0]\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid ""
"B<xterm>(1)  and other terminal emulators directly create a B<USER_PROCESS> "
"record and generate the I<ut_id> by using the string that suffix part of the "
"terminal name (the characters following I</dev/[pt]ty>).  If they find a "
"B<DEAD_PROCESS> for this ID, they recycle it, otherwise they create a new "
"entry.  If they can, they will mark it as B<DEAD_PROCESS> on exiting and it "
"is advised that they null I<ut_line>, I<ut_time>, I<ut_user>, and I<ut_host> "
"as well."
msgstr ""
"B<xterm>(1) и другие эмуляторы терминалов самостоятельно создают запись "
"B<USER_PROCESS> и генерируют I<ut_id>, используя последние две буквы имени "
"из имени терминала (символы после I</dev/[pt]ty>). Если они обнаруживают "
"B<DEAD_PROCESS> для этого ID, то они удаляют его или создают новый элемент. "
"Если возможно, они пометят его как B<DEAD_PROCESS> при выходе; "
"предполагается, что они также обнуляют I<ut_line>, I<ut_time>, I<ut_user> и "
"I<ut_host>."

#. type: SS
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "Comparison with historical systems"
msgstr "Сравнение со старыми системами"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"struct utmp ut;\n"
"struct timeval tv;\n"
msgstr ""
"struct utmp ut;\n"
"struct timeval tv;\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);\n"
"ut.ut_tv.tv_sec = tv.tv_sec;\n"
"ut.ut_tv.tv_usec = tv.tv_usec;\n"
msgstr ""
"gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);\n"
"ut.ut_tv.tv_sec = tv.tv_sec;\n"
"ut.ut_tv.tv_usec = tv.tv_usec;\n"

#. type: TH
#: fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-10-31"
msgstr "31 октября 2023 г."

#. type: TH
#: fedora-40 mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06"
msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.06"

#. type: TH
#: fedora-rawhide
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7"
msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.7"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-04-03"
msgstr "3 апреля 2023 г."

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04"
msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.04"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7"
msgid "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.7"