path: root/templates/man2/vfork.2.pot

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-09 15:51+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "vfork"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-10-31"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "vfork - create a child process and block parent"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "LIBRARY"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Standard C library (I<libc>, I<-lc>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SYNOPSIS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<pid_t vfork(void);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see B<feature_test_macros>(7)):"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "B<vfork>():"
msgstr ""

#.      || _XOPEN_SOURCE && _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    Since glibc 2.12:\n"
"        (_XOPEN_SOURCE E<gt>= 500) && ! (_POSIX_C_SOURCE E<gt>= 200809L)\n"
"            || /* Since glibc 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE\n"
"            || /* glibc E<lt>= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE\n"
"    Before glibc 2.12:\n"
"        _BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE E<gt>= 500\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Standard description"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"(From POSIX.1)  The B<vfork>()  function has the same effect as B<fork>(2), "
"except that the behavior is undefined if the process created by B<vfork>()  "
"either modifies any data other than a variable of type I<pid_t> used to "
"store the return value from B<vfork>(), or returns from the function in "
"which B<vfork>()  was called, or calls any other function before "
"successfully calling B<_exit>(2)  or one of the B<exec>(3)  family of "
"functions."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux description"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<vfork>(), just like B<fork>(2), creates a child process of the calling "
"process.  For details and return value and errors, see B<fork>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<vfork>()  is a special case of B<clone>(2).  It is used to create new "
"processes without copying the page tables of the parent process.  It may be "
"useful in performance-sensitive applications where a child is created which "
"then immediately issues an B<execve>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<vfork>()  differs from B<fork>(2)  in that the calling thread is suspended "
"until the child terminates (either normally, by calling B<_exit>(2), or "
"abnormally, after delivery of a fatal signal), or it makes a call to "
"B<execve>(2).  Until that point, the child shares all memory with its "
"parent, including the stack.  The child must not return from the current "
"function or call B<exit>(3)  (which would have the effect of calling exit "
"handlers established by the parent process and flushing the parent's "
"B<stdio>(3)  buffers), but may call B<_exit>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"As with B<fork>(2), the child process created by B<vfork>()  inherits copies "
"of various of the caller's process attributes (e.g., file descriptors, "
"signal dispositions, and current working directory); the B<vfork>()  call "
"differs only in the treatment of the virtual address space, as described "
"above."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Signals sent to the parent arrive after the child releases the parent's "
"memory (i.e., after the child terminates or calls B<execve>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Historic description"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Under Linux, B<fork>(2)  is implemented using copy-on-write pages, so the "
"only penalty incurred by B<fork>(2)  is the time and memory required to "
"duplicate the parent's page tables, and to create a unique task structure "
"for the child.  However, in the bad old days a B<fork>(2)  would require "
"making a complete copy of the caller's data space, often needlessly, since "
"usually immediately afterward an B<exec>(3)  is done.  Thus, for greater "
"efficiency, BSD introduced the B<vfork>()  system call, which did not fully "
"copy the address space of the parent process, but borrowed the parent's "
"memory and thread of control until a call to B<execve>(2)  or an exit "
"occurred.  The parent process was suspended while the child was using its "
"resources.  The use of B<vfork>()  was tricky: for example, not modifying "
"data in the parent process depended on knowing which variables were held in "
"a register."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "VERSIONS"
msgstr ""

#.  In AIXv3.1 vfork is equivalent to fork.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The requirements put on B<vfork>()  by the standards are weaker than those "
"put on B<fork>(2), so an implementation where the two are synonymous is "
"compliant.  In particular, the programmer cannot rely on the parent "
"remaining blocked until the child either terminates or calls B<execve>(2), "
"and cannot rely on any specific behavior with respect to shared memory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Some consider the semantics of B<vfork>()  to be an architectural blemish, "
"and the 4.2BSD man page stated: \\[lq]This system call will be eliminated "
"when proper system sharing mechanisms are implemented.  Users should not "
"depend on the memory sharing semantics of I<vfork> as it will, in that case, "
"be made synonymous to I<fork>.\\[rq] However, even though modern memory "
"management hardware has decreased the performance difference between "
"B<fork>(2)  and B<vfork>(), there are various reasons why Linux and other "
"systems have retained B<vfork>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\[bu]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Some performance-critical applications require the small performance "
"advantage conferred by B<vfork>()."
msgstr ""

#.  http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4259629/what-is-the-difference-between-fork-and-vfork
#.  http://developers.sun.com/solaris/articles/subprocess/subprocess.html
#.  http://mailman.uclinux.org/pipermail/uclinux-dev/2009-April/000684.html
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<vfork>()  can be implemented on systems that lack a memory-management unit "
"(MMU), but B<fork>(2)  can't be implemented on such systems.  (POSIX.1-2008 "
"removed B<vfork>()  from the standard; the POSIX rationale for the "
"B<posix_spawn>(3)  function notes that that function, which provides "
"functionality equivalent to B<fork>(2)+ B<exec>(3), is designed to be "
"implementable on systems that lack an MMU.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On systems where memory is constrained, B<vfork>()  avoids the need to "
"temporarily commit memory (see the description of I</proc/sys/vm/"
"overcommit_memory> in B<proc>(5))  in order to execute a new program.  (This "
"can be especially beneficial where a large parent process wishes to execute "
"a small helper program in a child process.)  By contrast, using B<fork>(2)  "
"in this scenario requires either committing an amount of memory equal to the "
"size of the parent process (if strict overcommitting is in force)  or "
"overcommitting memory with the risk that a process is terminated by the out-"
"of-memory (OOM) killer."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux notes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Fork handlers established using B<pthread_atfork>(3)  are not called when a "
"multithreaded program employing the NPTL threading library calls "
"B<vfork>().  Fork handlers are called in this case in a program using the "
"LinuxThreads threading library.  (See B<pthreads>(7)  for a description of "
"Linux threading libraries.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A call to B<vfork>()  is equivalent to calling B<clone>(2)  with I<flags> "
"specified as:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid " CLONE_VM | CLONE_VFORK | SIGCHLD\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "STANDARDS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "None."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "HISTORY"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"4.3BSD; POSIX.1-2001 (but marked OBSOLETE).  POSIX.1-2008 removes the "
"specification of B<vfork>()."
msgstr ""

#.  In the release notes for 4.2BSD Sam Leffler wrote: `vfork: Is still
#.  present, but definitely on its way out'.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<vfork>()  system call appeared in 3.0BSD.  In 4.4BSD it was made "
"synonymous to B<fork>(2)  but NetBSD introduced it again; see E<.UR http://"
"www.netbsd.org\\:/Documentation\\:/kernel\\:/vfork.html> E<.UE .> In Linux, "
"it has been equivalent to B<fork>(2)  until Linux 2.2.0-pre6 or so.  Since "
"Linux 2.2.0-pre9 (on i386, somewhat later on other architectures) it is an "
"independent system call.  Support was added in glibc 2.0.112."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "CAVEATS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The child process should take care not to modify the memory in unintended "
"ways, since such changes will be seen by the parent process once the child "
"terminates or executes another program.  In this regard, signal handlers can "
"be especially problematic: if a signal handler that is invoked in the child "
"of B<vfork>()  changes memory, those changes may result in an inconsistent "
"process state from the perspective of the parent process (e.g., memory "
"changes would be visible in the parent, but changes to the state of open "
"file descriptors would not be visible)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"When B<vfork>()  is called in a multithreaded process, only the calling "
"thread is suspended until the child terminates or executes a new program.  "
"This means that the child is sharing an address space with other running "
"code.  This can be dangerous if another thread in the parent process changes "
"credentials (using B<setuid>(2)  or similar), since there are now two "
"processes with different privilege levels running in the same address "
"space.  As an example of the dangers, suppose that a multithreaded program "
"running as root creates a child using B<vfork>().  After the B<vfork>(), a "
"thread in the parent process drops the process to an unprivileged user in "
"order to run some untrusted code (e.g., perhaps via plug-in opened with "
"B<dlopen>(3)).  In this case, attacks are possible where the parent process "
"uses B<mmap>(2)  to map in code that will be executed by the privileged "
"child process."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "BUGS"
msgstr ""

#
#.  As far as I can tell, the following is not true in Linux 2.6.19:
#.  Currently (Linux 2.3.25),
#.  .BR strace (1)
#.  cannot follow
#.  .BR vfork ()
#.  and requires a kernel patch.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Details of the signal handling are obscure and differ between systems.  The "
"BSD man page states: \"To avoid a possible deadlock situation, processes "
"that are children in the middle of a B<vfork>()  are never sent B<SIGTTOU> "
"or B<SIGTTIN> signals; rather, output or I<ioctl>s are allowed and input "
"attempts result in an end-of-file indication.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<_exit>(2), B<fork>(2), B<unshare>(2), B<wait>(2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-02-05"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
msgid ""
"Some consider the semantics of B<vfork>()  to be an architectural blemish, "
"and the 4.2BSD man page stated: \"This system call will be eliminated when "
"proper system sharing mechanisms are implemented.  Users should not depend "
"on the memory sharing semantics of B<vfork>()  as it will, in that case, be "
"made synonymous to B<fork>(2).  \" However, even though modern memory "
"management hardware has decreased the performance difference between "
"B<fork>(2)  and B<vfork>(), there are various reasons why Linux and other "
"systems have retained B<vfork>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "Caveats"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "History"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-07-28"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.05.01"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-03-30"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04"
msgstr ""