1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
|
'\" t
.\" Copyright (c) 2012 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"
.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
.\"
.TH malloc_info 3 2024-05-02 "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
.SH NAME
malloc_info \- export malloc state to a stream
.SH LIBRARY
Standard C library
.RI ( libc ", " \-lc )
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.B #include <malloc.h>
.P
.BI "int malloc_info(int " options ", FILE *" stream );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The
.BR malloc_info ()
function exports an XML string that describes the current state
of the memory-allocation
implementation in the caller.
The string is printed on the file stream
.IR stream .
The exported string includes information about all arenas (see
.BR malloc (3)).
.P
As currently implemented,
.I options
must be zero.
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR malloc_info ()
returns 0.
On failure, it returns \-1, and
.I errno
is set to indicate the error.
.SH ERRORS
.TP
.B EINVAL
.I options
was nonzero.
.SH ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
.BR attributes (7).
.TS
allbox;
lbx lb lb
l l l.
Interface Attribute Value
T{
.na
.nh
.BR malloc_info ()
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
.TE
.SH STANDARDS
GNU.
.SH HISTORY
glibc 2.10.
.SH NOTES
The memory-allocation information is provided as an XML string
(rather than a C structure)
because the information may change over time
(according to changes in the underlying implementation).
The output XML string includes a version field.
.P
The
.BR open_memstream (3)
function can be used to send the output of
.BR malloc_info ()
directly into a buffer in memory, rather than to a file.
.P
The
.BR malloc_info ()
function is designed to address deficiencies in
.BR malloc_stats (3)
and
.BR mallinfo (3).
.SH EXAMPLES
The program below takes up to four command-line arguments,
of which the first three are mandatory.
The first argument specifies the number of threads that
the program should create.
All of the threads, including the main thread,
allocate the number of blocks of memory specified by the second argument.
The third argument controls the size of the blocks to be allocated.
The main thread creates blocks of this size,
the second thread created by the program allocates blocks of twice this size,
the third thread allocates blocks of three times this size, and so on.
.P
The program calls
.BR malloc_info ()
twice to display the memory-allocation state.
The first call takes place before any threads
are created or memory allocated.
The second call is performed after all threads have allocated memory.
.P
In the following example,
the command-line arguments specify the creation of one additional thread,
and both the main thread and the additional thread
allocate 10000 blocks of memory.
After the blocks of memory have been allocated,
.BR malloc_info ()
shows the state of two allocation arenas.
.P
.in +4n
.EX
.RB "$ " "getconf GNU_LIBC_VERSION"
glibc 2.13
.RB "$ " "./a.out 1 10000 100"
============ Before allocating blocks ============
<malloc version="1">
<heap nr="0">
<sizes>
</sizes>
<total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/>
<total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/>
<system type="current" size="135168"/>
<system type="max" size="135168"/>
<aspace type="total" size="135168"/>
<aspace type="mprotect" size="135168"/>
</heap>
<total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/>
<total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/>
<system type="current" size="135168"/>
<system type="max" size="135168"/>
<aspace type="total" size="135168"/>
<aspace type="mprotect" size="135168"/>
</malloc>
\&
============ After allocating blocks ============
<malloc version="1">
<heap nr="0">
<sizes>
</sizes>
<total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/>
<total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/>
<system type="current" size="1081344"/>
<system type="max" size="1081344"/>
<aspace type="total" size="1081344"/>
<aspace type="mprotect" size="1081344"/>
</heap>
<heap nr="1">
<sizes>
</sizes>
<total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/>
<total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/>
<system type="current" size="1032192"/>
<system type="max" size="1032192"/>
<aspace type="total" size="1032192"/>
<aspace type="mprotect" size="1032192"/>
</heap>
<total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/>
<total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/>
<system type="current" size="2113536"/>
<system type="max" size="2113536"/>
<aspace type="total" size="2113536"/>
<aspace type="mprotect" size="2113536"/>
</malloc>
.EE
.in
.SS Program source
.\" SRC BEGIN (malloc_info.c)
.EX
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
\&
static size_t blockSize;
static size_t numThreads;
static unsigned int numBlocks;
\&
static void *
thread_func(void *arg)
{
int tn = (int) arg;
\&
/* The multiplier \[aq](2 + tn)\[aq] ensures that each thread (including
the main thread) allocates a different amount of memory. */
\&
for (unsigned int j = 0; j < numBlocks; j++)
if (malloc(blockSize * (2 + tn)) == NULL)
err(EXIT_FAILURE, "malloc\-thread");
\&
sleep(100); /* Sleep until main thread terminates. */
return NULL;
}
\&
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int sleepTime;
pthread_t *thr;
\&
if (argc < 4) {
fprintf(stderr,
"%s num\-threads num\-blocks block\-size [sleep\-time]\en",
argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
\&
numThreads = atoi(argv[1]);
numBlocks = atoi(argv[2]);
blockSize = atoi(argv[3]);
sleepTime = (argc > 4) ? atoi(argv[4]) : 0;
\&
thr = calloc(numThreads, sizeof(*thr));
if (thr == NULL)
err(EXIT_FAILURE, "calloc");
\&
printf("============ Before allocating blocks ============\en");
malloc_info(0, stdout);
\&
/* Create threads that allocate different amounts of memory. */
\&
for (size_t tn = 0; tn < numThreads; tn++) {
errno = pthread_create(&thr[tn], NULL, thread_func,
(void *) tn);
if (errno != 0)
err(EXIT_FAILURE, "pthread_create");
\&
/* If we add a sleep interval after the start\-up of each
thread, the threads likely won\[aq]t contend for malloc
mutexes, and therefore additional arenas won\[aq]t be
allocated (see malloc(3)). */
\&
if (sleepTime > 0)
sleep(sleepTime);
}
\&
/* The main thread also allocates some memory. */
\&
for (unsigned int j = 0; j < numBlocks; j++)
if (malloc(blockSize) == NULL)
err(EXIT_FAILURE, "malloc");
\&
sleep(2); /* Give all threads a chance to
complete allocations. */
\&
printf("\en============ After allocating blocks ============\en");
malloc_info(0, stdout);
\&
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
.EE
.\" SRC END
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR mallinfo (3),
.BR malloc (3),
.BR malloc_stats (3),
.BR mallopt (3),
.BR open_memstream (3)
|
