Merging upstream version 6.8.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 405 deletions

diff --git a/man3/fopen.3 b/man3/fopen.3
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-'\" t
-.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
-.\" All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
-.\" Chris Torek and the American National Standards Committee X3,
-.\" on Information Processing Systems.
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-4-Clause-UC
-.\"
-.\"     @(#)fopen.3	6.8 (Berkeley) 6/29/91
-.\"
-.\" Converted for Linux, Mon Nov 29 15:22:01 1993, faith@cs.unc.edu
-.\" Modified, aeb, 960421, 970806
-.\" Modified, joey, aeb, 2002-01-03
-.\"
-.TH fopen 3 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7"
-.SH NAME
-fopen, fdopen, freopen \- stream open functions
-.SH LIBRARY
-Standard C library
-.RI ( libc ", " \-lc )
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.B #include <stdio.h>
-.P
-.BI "FILE *fopen(const char *restrict " pathname \
-", const char *restrict " mode );
-.BI "FILE *fdopen(int " fd ", const char *" mode );
-.BI "FILE *freopen(const char *restrict " pathname \
-", const char *restrict " mode ,
-.BI "              FILE *restrict " stream );
-.fi
-.P
-.RS -4
-Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
-.BR feature_test_macros (7)):
-.RE
-.P
-.BR fdopen ():
-.nf
-    _POSIX_C_SOURCE
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.BR fopen ()
-function opens the file whose name is the string pointed to by
-.I pathname
-and associates a stream with it.
-.P
-The argument
-.I mode
-points to a string beginning with one of the following sequences
-(possibly followed by additional characters, as described below):
-.TP
-.B r
-Open text file for reading.
-The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.
-.TP
-.B r+
-Open for reading and writing.
-The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.
-.TP
-.B w
-Truncate file to zero length or create text file for writing.
-The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.
-.TP
-.B w+
-Open for reading and writing.
-The file is created if it does not exist, otherwise it is truncated.
-The stream is positioned at the beginning of
-the file.
-.TP
-.B a
-Open for appending (writing at end of file).
-The file is created if it does not exist.
-The stream is positioned at the end of the file.
-.TP
-.B a+
-Open for reading and appending (writing at end of file).
-The file is created if it does not exist.
-Output is always appended to the end of the file.
-POSIX is silent on what the initial read position is when using this mode.
-For glibc, the initial file position for reading is at
-the beginning of the file, but for Android/BSD/MacOS, the
-initial file position for reading is at the end of the file.
-.P
-The
-.I mode
-string can also include the letter \[aq]b\[aq] either as a last character or as
-a character between the characters in any of the two-character strings
-described above.
-This is strictly for compatibility with ISO C
-and has no effect; the \[aq]b\[aq] is ignored on all POSIX
-conforming systems, including Linux.
-(Other systems may treat text files and binary files differently,
-and adding the \[aq]b\[aq] may be a good idea if you do I/O to a binary
-file and expect that your program may be ported to non-UNIX
-environments.)
-.P
-See NOTES below for details of glibc extensions for
-.IR mode .
-.P
-Any created file will have the mode
-.BR S_IRUSR " | " S_IWUSR " | "  S_IRGRP " | "  S_IWGRP " | " S_IROTH " | " S_IWOTH
-(0666), as modified by the process's umask value (see
-.BR umask (2)).
-.P
-Reads and writes may be intermixed on read/write streams in any order.
-Note that ANSI C requires that a file positioning function intervene
-between output and input, unless an input operation encounters end-of-file.
-(If this condition is not met, then a read is allowed to return the
-result of writes other than the most recent.)
-Therefore it is good practice (and indeed sometimes necessary
-under Linux) to put an
-.BR fseek (3)
-or
-.BR fsetpos (3)
-operation between write and read operations on such a stream.
-This operation may be an apparent no-op
-(as in \fIfseek(..., 0L, SEEK_CUR)\fP
-called for its synchronizing side effect).
-.P
-Opening a file in append mode (\fBa\fP as the first character of
-.IR mode )
-causes all subsequent write operations to this stream to occur
-at end-of-file, as if preceded by the call:
-.P
-.in +4n
-.EX
-fseek(stream, 0, SEEK_END);
-.EE
-.in
-.P
-The file descriptor associated with the stream is opened as if by a call to
-.BR open (2)
-with the following flags:
-.RS
-.TS
-allbox;
-lb lb
-c l.
-fopen() mode	open() flags
-\fIr\fP	O_RDONLY
-\fIw\fP	O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC
-\fIa\fP	O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND
-\fIr+\fP	O_RDWR
-\fIw+\fP	O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC
-\fIa+\fP	O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_APPEND
-.TE
-.RE
-.\"
-.SS fdopen()
-The
-.BR fdopen ()
-function associates a stream with the existing file descriptor,
-.IR fd .
-The
-.I mode
-of the stream (one of the values "r", "r+", "w", "w+", "a", "a+")
-must be compatible with the mode of the file descriptor.
-The file position indicator of the new stream is set to that
-belonging to
-.IR fd ,
-and the error and end-of-file indicators are cleared.
-Modes "w" or "w+" do not cause truncation of the file.
-The file descriptor is not dup'ed, and will be closed when
-the stream created by
-.BR fdopen ()
-is closed.
-The result of applying
-.BR fdopen ()
-to a shared memory object is undefined.
-.\"
-.SS freopen()
-The
-.BR freopen ()
-function opens the file whose name is the string pointed to by
-.I pathname
-and associates the stream pointed to by
-.I stream
-with it.
-The original stream (if it exists) is closed.
-The
-.I mode
-argument is used just as in the
-.BR fopen ()
-function.
-.P
-If the
-.I pathname
-argument is a null pointer,
-.BR freopen ()
-changes the mode of the stream to that specified in
-.IR mode ;
-that is,
-.BR freopen ()
-reopens the pathname that is associated with the stream.
-The specification for this behavior was added in the C99 standard, which says:
-.P
-.RS
-In this case,
-the file descriptor associated with the stream need not be closed
-if the call to
-.BR freopen ()
-succeeds.
-It is implementation-defined which changes of mode are permitted (if any),
-and under what circumstances.
-.RE
-.P
-The primary use of the
-.BR freopen ()
-function is to change the file associated with a standard text stream
-.RI ( stderr ", " stdin ", or " stdout ).
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-Upon successful completion
-.BR fopen (),
-.BR fdopen (),
-and
-.BR freopen ()
-return a
-.I FILE
-pointer.
-Otherwise, NULL is returned and
-.I errno
-is set to indicate the error.
-.SH ERRORS
-.TP
-.B EINVAL
-The
-.I mode
-provided to
-.BR fopen (),
-.BR fdopen (),
-or
-.BR freopen ()
-was invalid.
-.P
-The
-.BR fopen (),
-.BR fdopen (),
-and
-.BR freopen ()
-functions may also fail and set
-.I errno
-for any of the errors specified for the routine
-.BR malloc (3).
-.P
-The
-.BR fopen ()
-function may also fail and set
-.I errno
-for any of the errors specified for the routine
-.BR open (2).
-.P
-The
-.BR fdopen ()
-function may also fail and set
-.I errno
-for any of the errors specified for the routine
-.BR fcntl (2).
-.P
-The
-.BR freopen ()
-function may also fail and set
-.I errno
-for any of the errors specified for the routines
-.BR open (2),
-.BR fclose (3),
-and
-.BR fflush (3).
-.SH ATTRIBUTES
-For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
-.BR attributes (7).
-.TS
-allbox;
-lbx lb lb
-l l l.
-Interface	Attribute	Value
-T{
-.na
-.nh
-.BR fopen (),
-.BR fdopen (),
-.BR freopen ()
-T}	Thread safety	MT-Safe
-.TE
-.SH STANDARDS
-.TP
-.BR fopen ()
-.TQ
-.BR freopen ()
-C11, POSIX.1-2008.
-.TP
-.BR fdopen ()
-POSIX.1-2008.
-.SH HISTORY
-.TP
-.BR fopen ()
-.TQ
-.BR freopen ()
-POSIX.1-2001, C89.
-.TP
-.BR fdopen ()
-POSIX.1-2001.
-.SH NOTES
-.SS glibc notes
-The GNU C library allows the following extensions for the string specified in
-.IR mode :
-.TP
-.BR c " (since glibc 2.3.3)"
-Do not make the open operation,
-or subsequent read and write operations,
-thread cancelation points.
-This flag is ignored for
-.BR fdopen ().
-.TP
-.BR e " (since glibc 2.7)"
-Open the file with the
-.B O_CLOEXEC
-flag.
-See
-.BR open (2)
-for more information.
-This flag is ignored for
-.BR fdopen ().
-.TP
-.BR m " (since glibc 2.3)"
-Attempt to access the file using
-.BR mmap (2),
-rather than I/O system calls
-.RB ( read (2),
-.BR write (2)).
-Currently,
-.\" As at glibc 2.4:
-use of
-.BR mmap (2)
-is attempted only for a file opened for reading.
-.TP
-.B x
-.\" Since glibc 2.0?
-.\" FIXME . C11 specifies this flag
-Open the file exclusively
-(like the
-.B O_EXCL
-flag of
-.BR open (2)).
-If the file already exists,
-.BR fopen ()
-fails, and sets
-.I errno
-to
-.BR EEXIST .
-This flag is ignored for
-.BR fdopen ().
-.P
-In addition to the above characters,
-.BR fopen ()
-and
-.BR freopen ()
-support the following syntax
-in
-.IR mode :
-.P
-.BI "    ,ccs=" string
-.P
-The given
-.I string
-is taken as the name of a coded character set and
-the stream is marked as wide-oriented.
-Thereafter, internal conversion functions convert I/O
-to and from the character set
-.IR string .
-If the
-.BI ,ccs= string
-syntax is not specified,
-then the wide-orientation of the stream is
-determined by the first file operation.
-If that operation is a wide-character operation,
-the stream is marked wide-oriented,
-and functions to convert to the coded character set are loaded.
-.SH BUGS
-When parsing for individual flag characters in
-.I mode
-(i.e., the characters preceding the "ccs" specification),
-the glibc implementation of
-.\" FIXME . http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12685
-.BR fopen ()
-and
-.BR freopen ()
-limits the number of characters examined in
-.I mode
-to 7 (or, before glibc 2.14, to 6,
-which was not enough to include possible specifications such as "rb+cmxe").
-The current implementation of
-.BR fdopen ()
-parses at most 5 characters in
-.IR mode .
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR open (2),
-.BR fclose (3),
-.BR fileno (3),
-.BR fmemopen (3),
-.BR fopencookie (3),
-.BR open_memstream (3)