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authorDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-05-24 04:52:22 +0000
committerDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-05-24 04:52:22 +0000
commit3d08cd331c1adcf0d917392f7e527b3f00511748 (patch)
tree312f0d1e1632f48862f044b8bb87e602dcffb5f9 /man3/mcheck.3
parentAdding debian version 6.7-2. (diff)
downloadmanpages-3d08cd331c1adcf0d917392f7e527b3f00511748.tar.xz
manpages-3d08cd331c1adcf0d917392f7e527b3f00511748.zip
Merging upstream version 6.8.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
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-'\" t
-.\" Copyright (c) 2012 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
-.\"
-.TH mcheck 3 2024-02-26 "Linux man-pages 6.7"
-.SH NAME
-mcheck, mcheck_check_all, mcheck_pedantic, mprobe \- heap consistency checking
-.SH LIBRARY
-Standard C library
-.RI ( libc ", " \-lc )
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.B #include <mcheck.h>
-.P
-.BI "int mcheck(void (*" abortfunc ")(enum mcheck_status " mstatus ));
-.BI "int mcheck_pedantic(void (*" abortfunc ")(enum mcheck_status " mstatus ));
-.B void mcheck_check_all(void);
-.P
-.BI "enum mcheck_status mprobe(void *" ptr );
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.BR mcheck ()
-function installs a set of debugging hooks for the
-.BR malloc (3)
-family of memory-allocation functions.
-These hooks cause certain consistency checks to be performed
-on the state of the heap.
-The checks can detect application errors such as freeing a block of memory
-more than once or corrupting the bookkeeping data structures
-that immediately precede a block of allocated memory.
-.P
-To be effective, the
-.BR mcheck ()
-function must be called before the first call to
-.BR malloc (3)
-or a related function.
-In cases where this is difficult to ensure, linking the program with
-.I \-lmcheck
-inserts an implicit call to
-.BR mcheck ()
-(with a NULL argument)
-before the first call to a memory-allocation function.
-.P
-The
-.BR mcheck_pedantic ()
-function is similar to
-.BR mcheck (),
-but performs checks on all allocated blocks whenever
-one of the memory-allocation functions is called.
-This can be very slow!
-.P
-The
-.BR mcheck_check_all ()
-function causes an immediate check on all allocated blocks.
-This call is effective only if
-.BR mcheck ()
-is called beforehand.
-.P
-If the system detects an inconsistency in the heap,
-the caller-supplied function pointed to by
-.I abortfunc
-is invoked with a single argument,
-.IR mstatus ,
-that indicates what type of inconsistency was detected.
-If
-.I abortfunc
-is NULL, a default function prints an error message on
-.I stderr
-and calls
-.BR abort (3).
-.P
-The
-.BR mprobe ()
-function performs a consistency check on
-the block of allocated memory pointed to by
-.IR ptr .
-The
-.BR mcheck ()
-function should be called beforehand (otherwise
-.BR mprobe ()
-returns
-.BR MCHECK_DISABLED ).
-.P
-The following list describes the values returned by
-.BR mprobe ()
-or passed as the
-.I mstatus
-argument when
-.I abortfunc
-is invoked:
-.TP
-.BR MCHECK_DISABLED " (" mprobe "() only)"
-.BR mcheck ()
-was not called before the first memory allocation function was called.
-Consistency checking is not possible.
-.TP
-.BR MCHECK_OK " (" mprobe "() only)"
-No inconsistency detected.
-.TP
-.B MCHECK_HEAD
-Memory preceding an allocated block was clobbered.
-.TP
-.B MCHECK_TAIL
-Memory following an allocated block was clobbered.
-.TP
-.B
-MCHECK_FREE
-A block of memory was freed twice.
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-.BR mcheck ()
-and
-.BR mcheck_pedantic ()
-return 0 on success, or \-1 on error.
-.SH ATTRIBUTES
-For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
-.BR attributes (7).
-.TS
-allbox;
-lbx lb lb
-l l l.
-Interface Attribute Value
-T{
-.na
-.nh
-.BR mcheck (),
-.BR mcheck_pedantic (),
-.BR mcheck_check_all (),
-.BR mprobe ()
-T} Thread safety T{
-.na
-.nh
-MT-Unsafe race:mcheck
-const:malloc_hooks
-T}
-.TE
-.SH STANDARDS
-GNU.
-.SH HISTORY
-.TP
-.BR mcheck_pedantic ()
-.TQ
-.BR mcheck_check_all ()
-glibc 2.2.
-.TP
-.BR mcheck ()
-.TQ
-.BR mprobe ()
-glibc 2.0.
-.SH NOTES
-Linking a program with
-.I \-lmcheck
-and using the
-.B MALLOC_CHECK_
-environment variable (described in
-.BR mallopt (3))
-cause the same kinds of errors to be detected.
-But, using
-.B MALLOC_CHECK_
-does not require the application to be relinked.
-.\" But is MALLOC_CHECK_ slower?
-.SH EXAMPLES
-The program below calls
-.BR mcheck ()
-with a NULL argument and then frees the same block of memory twice.
-The following shell session demonstrates what happens
-when running the program:
-.P
-.in +4n
-.EX
-.RB "$" " ./a.out"
-About to free
-\&
-About to free a second time
-block freed twice
-Aborted (core dumped)
-.EE
-.in
-.SS Program source
-\&
-.\" SRC BEGIN (mcheck.c)
-.EX
-#include <mcheck.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-\&
-int
-main(void)
-{
- char *p;
-\&
- if (mcheck(NULL) != 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "mcheck() failed\en");
-\&
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
-\&
- p = malloc(1000);
-\&
- fprintf(stderr, "About to free\en");
- free(p);
- fprintf(stderr, "\enAbout to free a second time\en");
- free(p);
-\&
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
-}
-.EE
-.\" SRC END
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR malloc (3),
-.BR mallopt (3),
-.BR mtrace (3)