Merging upstream version 6.8.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 269 deletions

diff --git a/man3/system.3 b/man3/system.3
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-'\" t
-.\" Copyright (c) 1993 by Thomas Koenig (ig25@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de)
-.\" and Copyright (c) 2014 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
-.\"
-.\" Modified Sat Jul 24 17:51:15 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
-.\" Modified 11 May 1998 by Joseph S. Myers (jsm28@cam.ac.uk)
-.\" Modified 14 May 2001, 23 Sep 2001 by aeb
-.\" 2004-12-20, mtk
-.\"
-.TH system 3 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7"
-.SH NAME
-system \- execute a shell command
-.SH LIBRARY
-Standard C library
-.RI ( libc ", " \-lc )
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.B #include <stdlib.h>
-.P
-.BI "int system(const char *" "command" );
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.BR system ()
-library function behaves as if it used
-.BR fork (2)
-to create a child process that executed the shell command specified in
-.I command
-using
-.BR execl (3)
-as follows:
-.P
-.in +4n
-.EX
-execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "\-c", command, (char *) NULL);
-.EE
-.in
-.P
-.BR system ()
-returns after the command has been completed.
-.P
-During execution of the command,
-.B SIGCHLD
-will be blocked, and
-.B SIGINT
-and
-.B SIGQUIT
-will be ignored, in the process that calls
-.BR system ().
-(These signals will be handled according to their defaults inside
-the child process that executes
-.IR command .)
-.P
-If
-.I command
-is NULL, then
-.BR system ()
-returns a status indicating whether a shell is available on the system.
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-The return value of
-.BR system ()
-is one of the following:
-.IP \[bu] 3
-If
-.I command
-is NULL, then a nonzero value if a shell is available,
-or 0 if no shell is available.
-.IP \[bu]
-If a child process could not be created,
-or its status could not be retrieved,
-the return value is \-1 and
-.I errno
-is set to indicate the error.
-.IP \[bu]
-If a shell could not be executed in the child process,
-then the return value is as though the child shell terminated by calling
-.BR _exit (2)
-with the status 127.
-.IP \[bu]
-If all system calls succeed,
-then the return value is the termination status of the child shell
-used to execute
-.IR command .
-(The termination status of a shell is the termination status of
-the last command it executes.)
-.P
-In the last two cases,
-the return value is a "wait status" that can be examined using
-the macros described in
-.BR waitpid (2).
-(i.e.,
-.BR WIFEXITED (),
-.BR WEXITSTATUS (),
-and so on).
-.P
-.BR system ()
-does not affect the wait status of any other children.
-.SH ERRORS
-.BR system ()
-can fail with any of the same errors as
-.BR fork (2).
-.SH ATTRIBUTES
-For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
-.BR attributes (7).
-.TS
-allbox;
-lbx lb lb
-l l l.
-Interface	Attribute	Value
-T{
-.na
-.nh
-.BR system ()
-T}	Thread safety	MT-Safe
-.TE
-.SH STANDARDS
-C11, POSIX.1-2008.
-.SH HISTORY
-POSIX.1-2001, C89.
-.SH NOTES
-.BR system ()
-provides simplicity and convenience:
-it handles all of the details of calling
-.BR fork (2),
-.BR execl (3),
-and
-.BR waitpid (2),
-as well as the necessary manipulations of signals;
-in addition,
-the shell performs the usual substitutions and I/O redirections for
-.IR command .
-The main cost of
-.BR system ()
-is inefficiency:
-additional system calls are required to create the process that
-runs the shell and to execute the shell.
-.P
-If the
-.B _XOPEN_SOURCE
-feature test macro is defined
-(before including
-.I any
-header files),
-then the macros described in
-.BR waitpid (2)
-.RB ( WEXITSTATUS (),
-etc.) are made available when including
-.IR <stdlib.h> .
-.P
-As mentioned,
-.BR system ()
-ignores
-.B SIGINT
-and
-.BR SIGQUIT .
-This may make programs that call it
-from a loop uninterruptible, unless they take care themselves
-to check the exit status of the child.
-For example:
-.P
-.in +4n
-.EX
-while (something) {
-    int ret = system("foo");
-\&
-    if (WIFSIGNALED(ret) &&
-        (WTERMSIG(ret) == SIGINT || WTERMSIG(ret) == SIGQUIT))
-            break;
-}
-.EE
-.in
-.P
-According to POSIX.1, it is unspecified whether handlers registered using
-.BR pthread_atfork (3)
-are called during the execution of
-.BR system ().
-In the glibc implementation, such handlers are not called.
-.P
-Before glibc 2.1.3, the check for the availability of
-.I /bin/sh
-was not actually performed if
-.I command
-was NULL; instead it was always assumed to be available, and
-.BR system ()
-always returned 1 in this case.
-Since glibc 2.1.3, this check is performed because, even though
-POSIX.1-2001 requires a conforming implementation to provide
-a shell, that shell may not be available or executable if
-the calling program has previously called
-.BR chroot (2)
-(which is not specified by POSIX.1-2001).
-.P
-It is possible for the shell command to terminate with a status of 127,
-which yields a
-.BR system ()
-return value that is indistinguishable from the case
-where a shell could not be executed in the child process.
-.\"
-.SS Caveats
-Do not use
-.BR system ()
-from a privileged program
-(a set-user-ID or set-group-ID program, or a program with capabilities)
-because strange values for some environment variables
-might be used to subvert system integrity.
-For example,
-.B PATH
-could be manipulated so that an arbitrary program
-is executed with privilege.
-Use the
-.BR exec (3)
-family of functions instead, but not
-.BR execlp (3)
-or
-.BR execvp (3)
-(which also use the
-.B PATH
-environment variable to search for an executable).
-.P
-.BR system ()
-will not, in fact, work properly from programs with set-user-ID or
-set-group-ID privileges on systems on which
-.I /bin/sh
-is bash version 2: as a security measure, bash 2 drops privileges on startup.
-(Debian uses a different shell,
-.BR dash (1),
-which does not do this when invoked as
-.BR sh .)
-.P
-Any user input that is employed as part of
-.I command
-should be
-.I carefully
-sanitized, to ensure that unexpected shell commands or command options
-are not executed.
-Such risks are especially grave when using
-.BR system ()
-from a privileged program.
-.SH BUGS
-.\" [BUG 211029](https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=211029)
-.\" [glibc bug](https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=27143)
-.\" [POSIX bug](https://www.austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1440)
-If the command name starts with a hyphen,
-.BR sh (1)
-interprets the command name as an option,
-and the behavior is undefined.
-(See the
-.B \-c
-option to
-.BR sh (1).)
-To work around this problem,
-prepend the command with a space as in the following call:
-.P
-.in +4n
-.EX
-    system(" \-unfortunate\-command\-name");
-.EE
-.in
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR sh (1),
-.BR execve (2),
-.BR fork (2),
-.BR sigaction (2),
-.BR sigprocmask (2),
-.BR wait (2),
-.BR exec (3),
-.BR signal (7)