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diff --git a/Changes.old b/Changes.old new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3dfc4bc --- /dev/null +++ b/Changes.old @@ -0,0 +1,55918 @@ +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.00 ==================== + +Released: 2004-12-16 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alberto Bertogli <albertogli@telpin.com.ar> +Anand Kumria <wildfire@progsoc.org> +Andrey Kiselev <dron@ak4719.spb.edu> +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Chris Green <cmg@dok.org> +Branden Robinson <branden@debian.org> +Emmanuel Colbus <emmanuel.colbus@ensimag.imag.fr> +Enrico Zini <enrico@debian.org> +Eric Estievenart <eric.estievenart@free.fr> +Fabian Kreutz <kreutz@dbs.uni-hannover.de> +Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de> +Jan Kuznik <kuznik@gepro.cz> +Joey (Martin) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org> +Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.de> +John V. Belmonte <jbelmonte@debian.org> +Karel Kulhavy <clock@twibright.com> +Luis Javier Merino Morán <ljmerino@pandasoftware.es> +Martin Pool <mbp@sourcefrog.net> +Richard Kreckel <Richard.Kreckel@ginac.de> +Vasya Pupkin <ptushnik@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Fabian Kreutz + Many math pages had their synopses compressed, as per suggestion + from Fabian Kreutz. + +Various pages + Fabian Kreutz / aeb + Many minor content and formatting bug fixes were made to the math + pages, following suggestions from Fabian Kreutz (who recently + translated many of the 1.70 math pages into German) and + Andries Brouwer. + +Various pages + mtk + For consistency, all instances of "super-user" were changed + to the more common "superuser". + +Various pages + Vasya Pupkin / mtk + After a note from Vasya Pupkin, I added <errno.h> to the SYNOPSIS + of several Section 2 pages using the _syscallN() macros. + + In addition: + -- erroneous semicolons at the end of _syscallN() were removed + on various pages. + + -- types such as "uint" in syscallN() declarations were changed + to "unsigned int", etc. + + -- various other minor breakages in the synopses were fixed. + + The affected pages are: + + getdents.2 + gettid.2 + llseek.2 + mmap2.2 + modify_ldt.2 + pivot_root.2 + quotactl.2 + readdir.2 + sysctl.2 + syslog.2 + tkill.2 + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +other places. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +bind.2 + Florian Weimer + Added 'const' to declaration of 'my_addr' in prototype. + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=239762. + +fcntl.2 + Martin Pool + Added O_NOATIME to list of flags that can be changed via F_SETFL. + mtk/aeb + Noted F_GETOWN bug after suggestion from aeb. + See also: + http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=108380640603164&w=2 + +getrlimit.2 + mtk + Material on getrusage.2 has been separated out into its own page. + Rewrote discussion on RLIMIT_MEMLOCK to incorporate kernel + 2.6.9 changes. + Added note on RLIMIT_CPU error in older kernels. + Added RLIMIT_SIGPENDING. + Also made a few other minor changes. + +getrusage.2 + mtk + This page is new(ish) -- it was created by splitting + getrlimit.2. + + Repaired note on SIGCHLD behavior to note that the + POSIX non-conformance has been fixed in 2.6.9. + +kill.2 + Modified after suggestion from Emmanuel Colbus + Changed wording of sentence under NOTES describing + when signals can be sent to init(1). + +mlock.2 +munlock.2 +mlockall.2 +munlockall.2 + These have been consolidated into a single mlock.2 page. + In the process, much duplication was eliminated + and new information was added about RLIMIT_MEMLOCK + and the changes in memory locking in kernel 2.6.9, + +mmap.2 + mtk + Added cross-ref to setrlimit(2) concerning memory locking limits. + Eric Estievenart + Note that MAP_FIXED replaces existing mappings + +msgctl.2 + mtk + Substantial language and formatting clean-ups. + Added msqid_ds and ipc_perm structure definitions. + +msgget.2 + mtk + Substantial language and formatting clean-ups. + Added notes on /proc files. + +msgop.2 + mtk + Substantial language and formatting clean-ups. + Added notes on /proc files. + +open.2 + Martin Pool + Added O_NOATIME (new in Linux 2.6.8) + mtk + Reordered list of 'flags' description alphabetically + +personality.2 + 2004-11-03 applied patch from Martin Schulze + +semctl.2 + mtk + Substantial language and formatting clean-ups. + Rewrote semun text. + Added semid_ds and ipc_perm structure definitions. + +semget.2 + mtk + Substantial language and formatting clean-ups. + Added notes on /proc files. + Rewrote BUGS note about semget()'s failure to initialize + semaphore values. + +semop.2 + mtk + Substantial language and formatting clean-ups. + Added notes on /proc files. + +shmctl.2 + mtk + Substantial language and formatting clean-ups. + Updated shmid_ds structure definitions. + Added information on SHM_DEST and SHM_LOCKED flags. + Noted that CAP_IPC_LOCK is not required for SHM_UNLOCK + since kernel 2.6.9. + Added notes on 2.6.9 RLIMIT_MEMLOCK changes. + Added RLIMIT_SIGPENDING (new in Linux 2.6.8) + +shmget.2 + mtk + Substantial language and formatting clean-ups. + Added notes on /proc files. + +shmop.2 + mtk + Substantial language and formatting clean-ups. + Changed wording and placement of sentence regarding attachment + of segments marked for destruction. + +sigaction.2 + mtk + Added mention of SIGCONT under SA_NOCLDSTOP. + Added SA_NOCLDWAIT. + Updated discussion for POSIX.1-2001 and SIGCHLD and sa_flags. + Noted that CLD_CONTINUED is supported since Linux 2.6.9. + Added SI_TKILL (new in Linux 2.4.19). + Other minor changes. + +signal.2 + mtk + Removed text on ignoring SIGCHLD; replaced with pointer + to sigaction.2. + +sigwaitinfo.2 + After bug report from Andrey Kiselev + Fixed prototype: "timeout" --> "*timeout" + as per: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=222145 + +stat.2 + Enrico Zini + Added text to clarify that S_IS*() macros should be applied to + st_mode field. + as per: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=249698 + +swapon.2 + After Debian bug report from Anand Kumria + Added "no swap space signature" to EINVAL error. + mtk + Added EINVAL error for swapoff() ("not currently a swap area"). + Added EBUSY error for swapon(). + A few formatting fixes. + +times.2 + mtk + In Linux 2.6, the return value of times changed; it is no + longer time since boot, but rather: + + boot_time + 2^32 / HZ - 300 + + Repaired note on SIGCHLD behavior to note that the + POSIX non-conformance has been fixed in 2.6.9. + Some formatting fixes. + +undocumented.2 + After bug report from Johannes Berg + Changed + .TH UNIMPLEMENTED + to: + .TH UNDOCUMENTED + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=220741 + +wait.2 + mtk + Added waitid(2). + Added WCONTINUED and WIFCONTINUED (new in 2.6.10). + Added text on SA_NOCLDSTOP. + Updated discussion of SA_NOCLDWAIT to reflect 2.6 behavior. + Much other text rewritten. + +wait4.2 + mtk + Rewrote this page, removing much duplicated information, + and replacing with pointers to wait.2. + Luis Javier Merino Morán / mtk + CONFORMING TO said "SVr4, POSIX". Changed to "4.3BSD" + +waitid.2 + mtk + New link to wait.2 + +assert.3 + After bug report from Branden Robinson + The assert() failure message goes to stderr not stdout. + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=284814 + +ctime.3 + mtk + Noted that 0 in tm_mday is interpreted to mean the last day + of the preceding month. + +getnameinfo.3 + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=229618 + getnameinfo() does not set errno, it returns a non-zero + value indicating the error. + mtk + added EAI_OVERFLOW error + +killpg.3 + mtk + Minor changes to SEE ALSO and CONFORMING TO. + +lseek64.3 + aeb + New page by Andries Brouwer + +tzset.3 + Richard Kreckel + Change "NULL" to "empty" when talking about the value of TZ. + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=601 + +printf.3 + After bug report from Jan Kuznik + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=205736 + Fixed bad realloc() use in snprintf() example + +realpath.3 + mtk + Added discussion of resolved_path == NULL. + +random.4 + After bug report from John V. Belmonte + Updated init and quit scripts to reflect kernel 2.4/2.6 reality + (Scripts taken from drivers/char/random.c) + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=247779 + +proc.5 + mtk + Updated description of /proc/loadavg to include + nr_running(), nr_threads, last_pid. + + rtsig-max and rtsig-nr went away in 2.6.8 + + updated statm, and fixed error in order of list + +boot.7 + applied patch from Martin Schulze + +capabilities.7 + mtk + Added O_NOATIME for CAP_FOWNER + +netdevice.7 + Karel Kulhavy and AEB + Formatting fix after note from Karel Kulhavy and AEB, plus a + few wording fixes. + +signal.7 + mtk + /proc/sys/kernel/rtsig-* were superseded by RLIMIT_SIGPENDING + in kernel 2.6.8. + +tcp.7 + mtk/aeb + Updated details of interaction of TCP_CORK and TCP_NODELAY. + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.01 ==================== + +Released: 2004-12-20 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Carsten Hey <c.hey@web.de> +Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.de> +Joshua Kwan <joshk@triplehelix.org> +Marek Habersack <grendel@debian.org> +Martin Schulze <joey@infodrom.org> +Matthew Dempsky <jivera@flame.org> +Matthew Gregan <kinetik@orcon.net.nz> +Pedro Zorzenon Neto <pzn@terra.com.br> +Tony Crawford <tony@klosterdorf.de> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +accept.2 +close.2 +send.2 +setsid.2 +socket.2 +closedir.3 +initgroups.3 +mkstemp.3 +opendir.3 +readdir.3 +telldir.3 + Matthew Dempsky, mtk + triggered by http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=283179 + The wording describing how errno is set was fixed up in these pages. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +other places. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +sendfile.2 + mtk + Adjusted descriptions of argument file types to be closer to + 2.6 reality. + Wording and formatting changes. + +ctan.3 +ctanh.3 + Tony Crawford + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=270817 + Formulae on the pages should be T = S / C not T = C / S. + +errno.3 + Martin Schulze, mtk + Removed errno declaration from prototype, added notes + on historical need for this declaration. + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=174175 + +aio_return.3 + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=224953 + Changed erroneous "aio_return(2)" to "aio_return(3)". + +posix_openpt.3 + mtk + New by mtk + +ptsname.3 + mtk + Added description of ptsname_r(). + Added ERRORS. + +ptsname_r.3 + mtk + New link to ptsname.3. + +shm_open.3 + Matthew Gregan + add <fcntl.h> to synopsis + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=271243 + +strcasecmp.3 + Marek Habersack + .SH "CONFORMING TO" + -BSD 4.4 + +BSD 4.4, SUSv3 + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=234443 + +strfry.3 + Joshua Kwan + Added _GNU_SOURCE to prototype + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=213538 + +strftime.3 + Cartsen Hey + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=276248 + + Changed range for "%S" from 0..61 to 0..60. + + SUSv3 says 0..60. I think the manual page probably says + 0..61, because that's what SUSv2 said. + (Some other implementations' man pages also say 0..61 -- + e.g., Solaris 8 & 9, Tru64 5.1B; FreeBSD 5.1 says 0..60.) + + The glibc manual currently says 0..60. + + Given that SUSv3 says 0..60, I've changed the + manual page to also say this: + + -The second as a decimal number (range 00 to 61). + +The second as a decimal number (range 00 to 60). + +(The range is up to 60 to allow for occasional leap seconds.) + +sysconf.3 + Johannes Berg + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=226974 + -.BR POSIX2_FORT_RUN " - " _SC_2_FORT_DEV + +.BR POSIX2_FORT_DEV " - " _SC_2_FORT_DEV + +system.3 + Pedro Zorzenon + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=242638 + Noted use of _XOPEN_SOURCE to get macros from <stdlib.h> + for wait(2). + + mtk + Changed name of argument from 'string' to 'command' (like POSIX). + + Noted that glibc does nowadays explicitly check for the existence + of the shell if 'command' is NULL, rather than the older behavior + of assuming the shell exists and always returning 1 if + 'command' is NULL. + + Other wording and formatting clean-ups. + +undocumented.3 + Remove some functions names that *are* documented. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.02 ==================== + +Released: 2005-04-14 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Branden Robinson <branden@debian.org> +Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> +David Lloyd <dmlloyd@tds.net> +Gordon Jin <gordon.jin@intel.com> +Heikki Orsila <shd@modeemi.cs.tut.fi> +Jamie Lokier <jamie@shareable.org> +Johan Walles +Kai Makisara <Kai.Makisara@kolumbus.fi> +Marko Kohtala <marko.kohtala@gmail.com> +Martin Pool <mbp@sourcefrog.net> +Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org> +Matthias Lang <matthias@corelatus.se> +Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de> +Michael Mühlebach <michael@anduin.ch> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Sasa Stevanovic <mg94c18@alas.matf.bg.ac.yu> +Serguei Leontiev <leo@sai.msu.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +ctime.3 +tzselect.8 +zdump.8 +zic.8 + Martin (Joey) Schulze + Removed SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent newctime(3). + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=236884 + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +other places. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clone.2 + mtk + Noted the PID caching behavior of NPTL's getpid() + wrapper under BUGS. + + Added futex(2), set_thread_area(2), set_tid_address(2), + tkill(2) under SEE ALSO. + +epoll_ctl.2 +epoll_create.2 + Marko Kohtala / mtk + Improved various error descriptions. + +epoll_wait.2 + David Lloyd / Mike Frysinger, Marko Kohtala + Added EINTR to errors. + +fcntl.2 + Jamie Lokier / mtk + Improved discussion of F_SETOWN and F_SETSIG with respect to + multi-threaded programs. + Generally cleaned up the discussion of F_SETOWN. + + Updated CONFORMING TO to note that F_GETOWN and F_SETOWN are + now in POSIX. + +link.2 + mtk + Noted discrepancy between Linux and POSIX.1 when oldpath + is a symbolic link. + See: http://bugs.linuxbase.org/show_bug.cgi?id=367 + and: http://www.opengroup.org/austin/mailarchives/ag/msg08152.html + + Michael Haardt / mtk + Clarified EXDEV error description: it isn't possible to link + across mount points, even if the mount points refer to the same + file system. + +mincore.2 + mtk, after note from Gordon Jin + Updated ERRORS. + +pipe.2 + As per message from Serguei Leontiev + Removed SVr2, AT&T, and BSD from CONFORMING TO, since + a pipe on those systems is actually bidirectional. + (Pipes are implemented as STREAMS on the former, and + sockets on the latter.) + +posix_fadvise.2 + mtk + Noted kernel version where posix_fadvise() appeared and + noted bug in handling of 'len' in kernels < 2.6.6. + +rename.2 + Michael Haardt + Clarified EXDEV error description: it isn't possible to rename + a file across mount points, even if the mount points refer to + the same file system. + +semop.2 + mtk + Noted kernel version numbers for semtimedop(). + +setitimer.2 + Matthias Lang, mtk + Noted MAX_SEC_IN_JIFFIES ceiling. + Added note about treatment of out-of-range tv_usec values. + +sigqueue.2 + Johan Walles, Martin (Joey) Schulze + Added sigqueue.2 to SEE ALSO. + +times.2 + mtk + Added notes on non-standard behavior: Linux allows 'buf' to + be NULL, but POSIX.1 doesn't specify this and it's non-portable. + +uselib.2 + Andries Brouwer + Improved DESCRIPTION; clarified distinction between + EACCES and ENOEXEC. + +bcopy.3 + Heikki Orsila + bcopy() handles overlapping case, but memcpy() does not, + so for consistency memmove() should be also mentioned. + +getmntent_r.3 + Martin (Joey) Schulze + New link to man3/getmntent.3. + +memcpy.3 + Small wording change after suggestion from Sasa Stevanovic. + +strcasestr.3 + mtk + Created as link to strstr.3. + +strftime.3 + mtk + Noted that SUSv2 allowed a range of 00 to 61 for %S specifier. + +strstr.3 + mtk + Added description of strcasestr(). + +random.4 + aeb + Improved description of read from /dev/urandom. + +st.4 + Kai Makisara + Substantial updates. + +man.7 + Martin Schulze + Branden Robinson + Colin Watson + Mention the .URL macro more verbosely. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.03 ==================== + +Released: 2005-06-02 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Joey (Martin) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org> +Johannes Nicolai <johannes.nicolai@hpi.uni-potsdam.de> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Klaus Ethgen <Klaus@Ethgen.de> +Pavel Heimlich <tropikhajma@seznam.cz> +Ross Boylan <RossBoylan@stanfordalumni.org> +Vincent Fourmond <vincent.fourmond@9online.fr> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +console.4 +console_ioctl.4 +mouse.4 +tty.4 +vcs.4 + Pavel Heimlich + Change `ttys(4)' to `ttyS(4)'. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clone.2 + mtk + Substantially enhanced discussion of CLONE_THREAD. + + Added CLONE_SYSVSEM, CLONE_UNTRACED, CLONE_STOPPED. + + Other minor fixes. + +execve.2 + aeb + Noted effect of ptracing when execing a set-UID program. + +fcntl.2 + Johannes Nicolai / mtk + Noted F_SETOWN bug for socket file descriptor in Linux 2.4 + and earlier. + + Added text on permissions required to send signal to owner. + +flock.2 + mtk + Noted that lock conversions are not atomic. + +getrusage.2 + mtk + ru_nswap has never contained useful information. + Kernel 2.6.6 clarified that with a patch + ("[PATCH] eliminate nswap and cnswap"). See also: + http://www.ussg.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0404.1/0720.html + +kill.2 + mtk + Clarified wording of the 'pid == -1' case. + +mount.2 + mtk + Added MNT_EXPIRE, plus a few other tidy-ups. + +sched_setaffinity.2 + mtk + Added text to note that sched_setaffinity() will migrate the + affected process to one of the specified CPUs if necessary. + + Added a NOTE to point out that the affinity mask is actually a + per-thread attribute that can be adjusted independently for + each thread in a thread group. + +shmctl.2 + mtk + Noted aberrant Linux behavior with respect to new attaches to a + segment that has already been marked for deletion. + + Noted changes in permissions required for SHM_LOCK/SHM_UNLOCK. + +wait.2 + mtk + Noted that the __W* flags can't be used with waitid(). + +confstr.3 + mtk + Added _CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION and _CS_GNU_LIBPTHREAD_VERSION. + +hosts.5 + Ross Boylan / Martin Schulze + various changes as per + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=304242 + +proc.5 + mtk + Minor changes to discussion of /proc/PID/stat signal fields. + Added 'rt_priority' and 'policy' to /proc/PID/stat. + +capabilities.7 + mtk + 1,$s/inherited/inheritable/g + +regex.7 + Vincent Fourmond / Joey (Martin) Schulze + Removed discussion of `[[:<:]]' and `[[:>:]]' since they do + not seem to be in the glibc implementation. + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=295666 + +tzselect.8 + Joey (Martin) Schulze / Klaus Ethgen + The default zoneinfo directory is now /usr/share/zoneinfo. + (was: /usr/local/etc/zoneinfo) + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=267471 + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.04 ==================== + +Released: 2005-06-21 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Baurjan Ismagulov <ibr@ata.cs.hun.edu.tr> +Dave Love <d.love@dl.ac.uk> +Dieter Brueggemann <dieter.brueggemann@entitec.de> +Geoff Clare <gclare@gclare.org.uk> +Guido Trotter <ultrotter@debian.org> +kabloom <kabloom@ucdavis.edu> +Kevin Ryde <user42@zip.com.au> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Mike Furr <mfurr@debian.org> +Olivier Croquette <ocroquette@free.fr> +Olivier Guilyardi <ylf@xung.org> +Peter Cordes <peter@llama.nslug.ns.ca> +Philipp Spitzer <philipp@toastfreeware.priv.at> +Tanaka Akira <akr@m17n.org> +Thierry Excoffier <exco@bat710.univ-lyon1.fr> +Thomas Hood <jdthood@yahoo.co.uk> +Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.org> +Walter Harms <walter.harms@informatik.uni-oldenburg.de> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + mtk + For consistency across pages: + + 1,$s/nonzero/non-zero/g + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +New pages +--------- + +pthreads.7 + mtk + An overview of the Linux implementations of POSIX threads. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +_exit.2 + mtk + Various minor changes. + +epoll_ctl.2 + Mike Furr + BUGS: In kernels < 2.6.9, EPOLL_CTL_DEL required a non-NULL + 'event', even though this argument is ignored. + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=306517 + +flock.2 + mtk / Kevin Ryde + Clarified semantics of relationship between flock() locks + and open file entries and file descriptors. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=291121 + +getitimer.2 + Olivier Croquette, Thierry Excoffier + Noted the existence of the short sleep bug (up to 1 jiffy). + +getrlimit.2 + mtk + RLIMIT_RSS only has affect "in 2.4.x", not "in 2.4 and later". + +getrusage.2 + Geoff Clare + Since Linux 2.6, the ru_nvcsw and ru_nivcsw fields are used. + +nice.2 + mtk / Guido Trotter + Rewrote description of return value. + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=296183 + +open.2 + Walter Harms + O_DIRECT needs _GNU_SOURCE. + mtk + O_ASYNC works for pipes and FIFOs in Linux 2.6. + Various minor fixes. + +atexit.3 + mtk + Various minor changes. + +exit.3 + mtk + Various minor changes. + +getopt.3 + mtk / Philipp Spitzer + Fix description of return value. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=308359 + +hsearch.3 + mtk + Changed (char *) to (void *) in example. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=313607 + +log1p.3 + Justin Pryzby + Make log(3) SEE ALSO log1p(3), + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=309578 + +makecontext.3 + Tanaka Akira + Fix description of RETURN VALUE for makecontext(), + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=311800 + +on_exit.3 + mtk + Various minor changes. + +rand.3 + kabloom + Small fix to a code example, + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=194842 + +realpath.3 + mtk / Thomas Hood + When specifying resolved_path as NULL, realpath() + will (still) only allocate up to PATH_MAX bytes. + Plus other minor changes. + See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=239424 + +rcmd.3 + Dave Love + The required header file for these functions on Linux is <netdb.h>, + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=311680 + +scanf.3 + Olivier Guilyardi + Arg for %p is a pointer to _a pointer to_ void, + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=263109 + +stdin.3 + Vincent Lefevre + freopen() can change the descriptors associated with + stdin/stdout/stderr, as per + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=295859 + +strerror.3 + Baurjan Ismagulov + strerror_r(3) requires #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600, + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=290880 + +sysconf.3 + Peter Cordes / mtk + Fix typo: "_SC_2_DEV" should be "_SC_2_C_DEV". + +proc.5 + mtk + Added pointers under /proc/sys/net to tcp.7 and ip.7. + +ip.7 + mtk + Various wording and formatting fixes. + Reordered /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_* file descriptions alphabetically. + +tcp.7 + Dieter Brueggemann / mtk + Fixes to the discussion of SIOCATMARK and tcp_stdurg. + mtk + Various wording and formatting fixes. + Incorporated some new /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_* file descriptions + from the 2.6.12 source file Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.05 ==================== + +Released: 2005-06-27 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +A Costa <agcosta@gis.net> +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Bas Zoetekouw <bas@debian.org> +Dan Jacobson <jidanni@jidanni.org> +Delian Krustev <krustev@krustev.net> +Dora Anna Volgyesi <volgyesi@elte.hu> +Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org> +Ove Kaaven <ovek@arcticnet.no> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. (Special thanks to A Costa.) + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +_exit.2 + mtk / aeb + Reversed 2.04 introduction of the term "process termination + function". + +close.2 + mtk + Clarified what type of lock close() affects. + Minor formatting changes. + +dup.2 + mtk + Consistent use of terms "open file description", + "file status flags", and "file descriptor flags". + Removed mention of lock sharing -- it was not accurate. + Minor formatting fixes. + +fcntl.2 + mtk + Consistent use of terms "open file description", + "file status flags", and "file descriptor flags". + Some rewriting of discussion of file descriptor flags + Under F_DUPFD, replaced some text duplicated in dup.2 + with a cross ref to dup.2 + Minor wording and formatting fixes. + +fpclassify.3 + mtk / Martin (Joey) Schulze / Bas Zoetekouw + The return value of isinf() changed in glibc 2.02 + to differentiate positive and negative infinity. + See: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=285765 + +getgid.2 +getuid.2 + Delian Krustev + Remove confusing text describing real and effective IDs. + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=285852 + +getitimer.2 + mtk + The short sleep bug (up to 1 jiffy) that was newly noted in + man-pages-2.04 has just been fixed in 2.6.12. + +getpriority.2 + mtk + Changed range documented in main text from -20..20 to -20..19. + Noted that the range is -20..20 on some systems. + +open.2 + mtk / aeb + Clarification of term "open file description" along with + explanation of what information it maintains. + Other wording improvements. + Various minor wording changes. + +atexit.3 + mtk / aeb + Reversed 2.04 introduction of the term "process termination + function". + mtk + Noted use of atexit() for establishing function to be invoked on + shared library unload. + Noted that atexit()-registered functions are not invoked on + abnormal termination. + Formatting fixes. + +exit.3 + mtk / aeb + Reversed 2.04 introduction of the term "process termination + function". + mtk + Minor rewording and formatting changes. + +getloadavg.3 + mtk + Added #define _BSD_SOURCE to prototype. + +log2.3 + Martin (Joey) Schulze + Add ERANGE error. + +readdir.3 + mtk + Added definition of Linux dirent structure. + Some formatting cleanups. + +strtod.3 + Dora Anna Volgyesi / mtk + strtold() and strtof() need _ISOC99_SOURCE or _XOPEN_SOURCE=600 + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=246668 + +tdestroy.3 + mtk + New link to tsearch.3. + +tsearch.3 + mtk + Added tdestroy to .TH line. + +mem.4 + mtk + Change "chown root:mem /dev/mem" to "chown root:kmem /dev/mem". + +null.4 + mtk + Change "chown root:mem /dev/null /dev/zero" to + "chown root:root /dev/null /dev/zero". + +vcs.4 + Dan Jacobson / Martin (Joey) Schulze + Replaced "selection(1)" by "gpm(8)" under SEE ALSO + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=253515 + +signal.7 + Ove Kaaven + SA_SIGACTION should be SA_SIGINFO + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=305369 + +urn.7 + mtk + New link to uri.7 + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.06 ==================== + +Released: 2005-07-15 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Bhavesh P Davda <bhavesh@avaya.com> +Clau Weber <claus@jambit.com> +Dov Murik <dov@dv-networks.com> +David Lloyd <dlloyd@microbits.com.au> +Frederik Deweerdt <frederik.deweerdt@gmail.com> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Lars Wirzenius <liw@iki.fi> +Martin Pool <mbp@sourcefrog.net> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Petter Reinholdtsen <pere@hungry.com> +Steven Murdoch <Steven.Murdoch@cl.cam.ac.uk> +Walter Harms <walter.harms@informatik.uni-oldenburg.de> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + +Many uses of hyphens and dashes were corrected. + + +New pages +--------- + +canonicalize_file_name.3 + Walter Harms / mtk + +Removed Pages +------------- + +sstk.2 + mtk + AFAIK, this system call has never actually done anything (other + than be a stub) on any Unix. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +accept.2 + mtk + Various wording and formatting fixes. + +bind.2 + mtk + Minor formatting changes + +clone.2 + mtk + Various minor wording improvements; some formatting fixes + +connect.2 + mtk + Various wording and formatting fixes. + +epoll_create.2 + Bhavesh P Davda + s/positive/non-negative/ [for file descriptor] + +getrlimit.2 + mtk + Documented RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE limit. + RLIMIT_RSS ceased to have any effect in 2.4 in kernel 2.4.30. + (It already didn't have any effect in 2.2.x and 2.6.x.) + s/MADVISE_WILLNEED/MADV_WILLNEED/ + +listen.2 + mtk + Removed historic comment on BSD backlog ceiling. + Minor wording and formatting changes. + +semop.2 + mtk + Added BUG: in some circumstances, a process that is + waiting for a semaphore to become zero is not woken + up when the value does actually reach zero. + http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=110260821123863&w=2 + http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=110261701025794&w=2 + +socket.2 + mtk + Various minor wording improvements + +umask.2 + mtk + Added mkdir(2) to discussion, made term "file mode creation + mask" clearer. + Various, mostly small, wording changes + +errno.3 + Martin Pool + Change description for ESTALE + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=237344 + +fgetgrent.3 +getgrent.3 +getgrent_r.3 + David Lloyd + Added SEE ALSO putgrent(3) + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=211336 + +getgrent.3 +getgrnam.3 +getpwent.3 +getpwnam.3 + Lars Wirzenius / mtk + Replace mention of /etc/{passwd,group} by references to + "passwd/group database", and LDAP and NIS. + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=316117 + mtk + Miscellaneous wording improvements + Consistent DESCRIPTION and ERRORS wording across these pages. + +getnameinfo.3 + mtk + Relocate misplaced text describing gai_strerror(). + +getnetent.3 + Petter Reinholdtsen + s/endservent/endnetent/ + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=316517 + +getspnam.3 + Lars Wirzenius / mtk + Replace mention of /etc/shadow by references to + "shadow password database", and LDAP and NIS. + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=316117 + mtk, Claus Weber + Miscellaneous wording improvements + Consistent DESCRIPTION wording vis-a-vis getpwnam.3 etc. + +hsearch.3 + Frederik Deweerdt + Fix hsearch_r() prototype + +scanf.3 + Justin Pryzby / mtk + Fix description of RETURN VALUE + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=317037 + mtk + various parts substantially rewritten; added description of + %n$ form; various text incorporated from the GNU C library + documentation ((C) The Free Software Foundation). + +shm_open.3 + mtk + Modified details of how user and group ownership of a new + object are set. + Various minor wording and formatting cleanups. + +elf.5 + Mike Frysinger + tweaked the short description to include definition of 'ELF' + add ELFOSABI_NONE to the ELFOSABI_ list + tweak/add more machines to EM_ list for ehdr->e_machine + fix indenting to be consistent + tweak the display of the ELF_ST_* macros + document the Elf_Dyn structure + +proc.5 + mtk + Updated discussion of /proc/stat. + Added text on the /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/* files. + +ip.7 + Steven Murdoch + Change protocol in UDP prototype. + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=182635 + +tcp.7 + Dov Murik + The first sentence under NOTES about SO_KEEPALIVE and SIGPIPE + makes no grammatical sense (and possibly also no technical sense). + It has been removed. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.07 ==================== + +Released: 2005-07-19 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + mtk + The terms "set-user-ID" and "set-group-ID" are now used + consistently (no abbreviations) across all manual pages. + +Various pages + mtk + Consistent use of "saved set-user-ID" and "saved set-group-ID" + (no more "saved user ID", "saved effective UID", + saved group ID", etc.) + +Various pages + mtk + Global fixes in textual descriptions: + + uid --> UID + gid --> GID + pid --> PID + id --> ID + +Various pages + mtk + Consistent use of st_atime, st_ctime, st_mtime, with + explanatory text, instead of atime/ctime/mtime. + +Various pages + mtk + Classical BSD versions are now always named x.yBSD (formerly + there was a mix of x.yBSD and BSD x.y). + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +setresuid.2 + mtk + Some rewording. + +stat.2 + Mike Frysinger + Improve description of st_dev and st_rdev. + mtk + Various wording and formatting improvements. + +truncate.2 + mtk + Some formatting fixes + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.08 ==================== + +Released: 2005-09-21 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> +Alain PORTAL <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Andrew Pimlott <andrew@pimlott.net> +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Baurzhan Ismagulov <ibr@radix50.net> +Bernhard R. Link <brlink@debian.org> +Bodo Stroesser <bstroesser@fujitsu-siemens.com> +David N. Welton <davidw@eidetix.com> +Dov Murik <dov@dv-networks.com> +Heikki Orsila <shd@modeemi.cs.tut.fi> +Hasso Tepper <hasso@estpak.ee> +Hrvoje Niksic <hniksic@xemacs.org> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Ludovic Courtes <ludovic.courtes@laas.fr> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net> +Norbert Buchmuller <norbi.spam@nix.hu> +Paul Brook <paul@nowt.org> +Ramiro Aceves <ea1abz@gmail.com> +Tommy Pettersson <ptp@lysator.liu.se> +Walter Harms <walter.harms@informatik.uni-oldenburg.de> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + mtk + RFC references are now always written as "RFC\ nnn" + (not "RFC nnn" or "RFCnnn"). + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +du.1 + Mike Frysinger + To get an effect like "-h", BLOCKSIZE must start with "human", + not "HUMAN". + +time.1 + Mike Frysinger + s/standard output/standard error/ + +clone.2 + Paul Brook / mtk + Fix small error in description of CLONE_PARENT_SETTID + +connect.2 + Heikki Orsila + Add EINTR error + See http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/7/12/254 + +getpriority.2 + mtk + Expanded discussion of relationship between user and kernel + representations of the nice value. + + Added discussion of RLIMIT_NICE and a cross reference to + getrlimit.2 under the description of the EACCES error. + + Noted 2.6.12 change in credentials checking for setpriority(). + +getrlimit.2 + mtk + Added description of RLIMIT_RTPRIO + + Added description of RLIMIT_NICE + +mmap.2 + mtk + Noted bug in MAP_POPULATE for kernels before 2.6.7. + +mremap.2 + mtk + Added _GNU_SOURCE to prototype. + Rewrote description of MREMAP_MAYMOVE. + Rewrote description of EAGAIN error. + Added discussion of resizing of memory locks. + Added entries to SEE ALSO. + Some formatting fixes. + +msgctl.2 + mtk + Added IPC_INFO, MSG_INFO, MSG_STAT descriptions. + +nanosleep.2 + Baurzhan Ismagulov + Add to prototype: define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 199309 + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=314435 + +nice.2 + mtk + Added sentence noting that range of the nice value is described + in getpriority.2. + Added cross-reference to setrlimit(2) for discussion on + RLIMIT_NICE. + +outb.2 + David N. Welton / Justin Pryzby / mtk + Clarified the order of value and port arguments; + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=263756 + +pause.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO for sigsuspend.2 + Some formatting fixes. + +poll.2 + Tommy Pettersson + nfds should be prototyped as nfds_t + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=322934 + + mtk + Some wording and formatting improvements. + +prctl.2 + mtk + Since kernel 2.6.13 PR_SET_DUMPABLE can also have the value 2. + +rand.3 + Hrvoje Niksic / mtk + Remove misleading text describing FreeBSD's sranddev() function. + As per debian bug 328629 + +readv.2 + mtk / Walter harms + Added LINUX NOTES on trickery performed by glibc when + vector size exceeds IOV_MAX. + + Formatting clean-ups. + +remap_file_pages.2 + mtk + Added text to note that start and size are both rounded downward. + +sched_setparam.2 + mtk + Modified discussion of privileges; added pointer to + sched_setscheduler.2 for a discussion of privileges and + resource limits. + +sched_setscheduler.2 + mtk + Modified discussion of privileges; added discussion of RLIMIT_RTPRIO. + +semctl.2 + mtk + Added IPC_INFO, SEM_INFO, SEM_STAT descriptions. + +shmctl.2 + mtk + Added IPC_INFO, SHM_INFO, SHM_STAT descriptions. + +sigaction.2 + mtk + Split sigpending(), sigprocmask(), and sigsuspend() out + into separate new pages. + + Other minor changes + + mtk + NOTES: described SA_NODEFER / sa_mask bug which was present in + all kernels up to and including 2.6.13. + See http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112360948603171&w=2 + and http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112362164911432&w=2 + List: linux-kernel + Subject: Signal handling possibly wrong + From: Bodo Stroesser + Date: 2005-08-09 17:44:06 + +signal.2 + mtk + Updated SEE ALSO to reflect splitting of sigaction.2 into + sigaction.2, sigsuspend.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2 + +sigpending.2 + mtk + New page created by splitting out from sigaction.2 + Changed CONFORMING TO. + +sigprocmask.2 + mtk + New page created by splitting out from sigaction.2 + Added text on effect of NULL for 'set' argument. + Added text noting effect of ignoring SIGBUS, SIGFPE, SIGILL, + and SIGSEGV. + Noted that sigprocmask() can't be used in multithreaded process. + Fixed EINVAL error diagnostic. + Changed CONFORMING TO. + +sigsuspend.2 + mtk + New page created by splitting out from sigaction.2 + Added NOTES on usage. + Added new text to DESCRIPTION. + Changed CONFORMING TO. + +stat.2 + Mike Frysinger + Improve st_blocks description. + +carg.3 + Ramiro Aceves / aeb + Change: + One has carg(z) = atan(creal(z) / cimag(z)) + to: + One has tan(carg(z)) = cimag(z) / creal(z) + + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=326720 + +cmsg.3 + mtk + s/SOL_TCP/IPPROTO_TCP/ (POSIX standard name) + +dlopen.3 + Alain Portal + s/-nostartupfiles/-nostartfiles/ + +getaddrinfo.3 + mtk + Nowadays (since 2.3.4) glibc only sets the first ai_canonname + field if AI_CANONNAME was specified (the current behavior + is all that SUSv3 requires). + + 1,$s/PF_/AF_/g + + Added descriptions of AI_ALL, AI_ADDRCONFIG, AI_V4MAPPED, + and AI_NUMERICSERV. + + Some wording and formatting fixes. + +getpwnam.3 + Bernhard R. Link / mtk + Add NOTES text describing relationship of pw_dir and HOME and + pointing out that applications should preferentially inspect HOME. + +inet.3 + Mike Frysinger + Mention "little endian" and "big endian". + Added note about octal and hex interpretation of + numbers-and-dots notation. + +rpc.3 + mtk / Ludovic Courtes + Commented out references to rpc_secure(3) -- we don't currently + have such a page in the man-pages set. + In response to http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=325115 + +setenv.3 + mtk + glibc 2.3.4 fixed the "name contains '='" bug. + +strnlen.3 + Mike Frysinger + Added "#define _GNU_SOURCE" to prototype. + +initrd.4 + Norbert Buchmuller / mtk + Added text noting that the use or real-root-dev for changing + the root device is obsolete, in favor of pivot root. + (However, the page still needs to be rewritten to actually + describe the pivot_root method...) + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=323621 + +proc.5 + mtk + Improve text describing /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/* files. + + Describe /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable (new in 2.6.13). + + Added placeholder mention of /proc/zoneinfo (new in 2.6.13). + More needs to be said about this file. + + Repaired earlier cut and paste mistake which resulted + in part of the text of this page being duplicated. + +utmp.5 + Mike Frysinger + Added text on biarch details for ut_session and ut_tv. + +capabilities.7 + mtk + Added CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL and CAP_AUDIT_WRITE. + +ip.7 + mtk / Andrew Pimlott + Add a couple of words to make it clear that port is a 16-bit number. + Reformat long source lines (no text changed). + + s/SOL_IP/IPPROTO_IP/ (POSIX standard name) + + Hasso Tepper + Fix discussion of IPC_RECVTTL / IP_TTL. + +signal.7 + mtk + Updated SEE ALSO to reflect splitting of sigaction.2 into + sigaction.2, sigsuspend.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2. + +socket.7 + mtk + Clarified details of use of SO_PEERCRED. + +tcp.7 + mtk + s/SOL_TCP/IPPROTO_TCP/ (POSIX standard name) + s/SOL_IP/IPPROTO_IP/ (POSIX standard name) + +udp.7 + mtk + Added description of UDP_CORK socket option. + + s/SOL_UDP/IPPROTO_UDP/ (POSIX standard name) + s/SOL_IP/IPPROTO_IP/ (POSIX standard name) + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.09 ==================== + +Released: 2005-10-13 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj@justinpryzby.com> +Peter Chubb <peterc@gelato.unsw.edu.au> +Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org> +Tomas Pospisek <tpo_deb@sourcepole.ch> +Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +ptsname.3 +getpt.3 +unlockpt.3 +openpty.3 +posix_openpt.3 +grantpt.3 +pts.4 +tty_ioctl.4 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO for new pty.7 page. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +New pages +--------- + +pty.7 + mtk + Overview of Unix 98 and BSD pseudo-terminals. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +ldd.1 + mtk + Remove "-V" option (fix from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7). + +fcntl.2 + Peter Chubb / Trond Myklebust / mtk + Since kernel 2.6.10, a read lease can only be placed on a + file descriptor that is opened read-only. + See the following LKML thread of Aug 2005 + ("fcntl(F GETLEASE) semantics??"): + http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112371777712197&w=2 + http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112374818213000&w=2 + http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112376335305284&w=2 + http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112377294030092&w=2 + +mprotect.2 + mtk + Add new text to ENOMEM error. + +mremap.2 + mtk + Added description of MREMAP_FIXED and 'new_address' argument + under NOTES. + Revised text of EINVAL error. + +read.2 + Samuel Thibault / mtk + read() can fail with EINVAL when using O_DIRECT + mtk + Added open(2) to SEE ALSO. + +shmget.2 + mtk + s/int/size_t/ for type of 'size' argument (fix from + Fedora man-pages-2.07-7). + +write.2 + Samuel Thibault / mtk + write() can fail with EINVAL when using O_DIRECT + +atanh.3 + mtk + Fix: s/acosh/atanh/ (fix from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7). + +fopen.3 + mtk + Improved "a+" description (fix from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7). + +getrpcent.3 + mtk + s/getrpcent/setrpcent/ (fix from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7). + +stdio.3 + mtk / Justin Pryzby + Removed references to fropen() and fwopen(), which are + BSDisms that don't appear in glibc. + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=331174 + +strftime.3 + mtk + Typo fix: %Ry ==> %Ey [SUSv3 mentions...] (fix from + Fedora man-pages-2.07-7). + +nsswitch.conf.5 + mtk + s/network/networks/ (fix from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7). + +proc.5 + mtk + Added description of /proc/sys/vm/legacy_va_layout. + +socket.7 + mtk + Update description of SO_RCVLOWAT and SO_SNDLOWAT. + (fix derived from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7). + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.10 ==================== + +Released: 2005-10-19 + +Global changes +-------------- + +The changes in this release consist *solely* of formatting fixes, with +the aim bringing greater consistency to the manual pages according to +the following rules: + +-- Function name references should *always* be followed by + parentheses, "()" (possibly containing a manual page section + number). + +-- The parentheses following a function name should *not* be + formatted. Thus, for example, instead of: + + .B name() + + one should write: + + .BR name () + +Much of the change was automated using two scripts: +add_parens_for_own_funcs.sh and unformat_parens.sh. +For the (possible) benefit of downstream manual page maintainers and +translators, I have placed these scripts in a new subdirectory 'scripts'. + +NOTE THE FOLLOWING POINTS WELL: + +-- These scripts provide a computer-assisted solution to the above + two goals. However, they are not perfect, and their output should + be scanned by a human. (To see what changes the two scripts + *would* make, without making them, use the "-n" command line option.) + +-- The scripts do not fix all instances that violate the above rules: + some manual fixes are required. Two further scripts are provided + to help find remaining instances of function names without + following "()": find_dots_no_parens.sh and find_slashes_no_parens.sh. + +The following changes were made: + +-- add_parens_for_own_funcs.sh was applied to the pages in Sections + 2 and 3. + +-- unformat_parens.sh was applied to pages in Sections 2, 3, 4, and 7 + (the only sections where such changes were required). + +-- further changes (not so very many) were performed by hand. + (found places to fix with the assistance of find_dots_no_parens.sh + and find_slashes_no_parens.sh). + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.11 ==================== + +Released: 2005-10-24 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain PORTAL <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + mtk + Most instances of the constant "NULL" are not formatted (bolded) in + man pages, but a few are. For consistency, formatting on "NULL" has + been removed where it occurred. + + Many minor formatting fixes were made. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +getrlimit.2 + mtk + Added EINVAL error for rlim_cur > rlim_max when calling setrlimit(). + +path_resolution.2 + mtk + Repaired discussion of capabilities and file system UID, which + mistakenly had involved exec() in the discussion. + +prctl.2 + mtk + Removed text saying there is no library interface. There + is nowadays. + +mkfifo.3 + mtk + Minor change to RETURN VALUE text. + +sk98lin.4 + Alain Portal + Formatting fixes. + +capabilities.7 + mtk + Minor changes. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.12 ==================== + +Released: 2005-10-31 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp> +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx> +herbert <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> +Martin Landers <martin.landers@treibgut.net> +Michael Benedict <benedict@starbak.net> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +mlock.2 + mtk + Reworded text around PAGESIZE, noting also that + sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE) can be used. + +path_resolution.2 + mtk / aeb + Removed words "as well" (added in 2.11) from the phrase + "and it gets these last five capabilities if its fsuid is 0 as well" + since there are (unusual) situations in which fsuid can be 0 while + the effective UID is not. + + Reworked (cut down) discussion of capabilities, moving part of + it into capabilities.7 + +setresuid.2 + mtk + Add text to note that setresuid() always modifies the file + system UID, and setresgid() likewise always modifies the file + system GID. + +shmget.2 + mtk + Added (brief) description of SHM_HUGETLB. + +sigaltstack.2 + mtk / Martin Landers + Noted that ss_sp is automatically aligned by the kernel. + +byteorder.3 + Brian M. Carlson / herbert + Change <netinet/in.h> to <arpa/inet.h> in prototype; add text + explaining that some systems need the former header. + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=265244 + +capabilities.7 + mtk + Reworked part of the discussion of exec() and capabilities. + Added sub-section "Effect of User ID Changes on Capabilities". + Reworked discussion of CAP_SYS_ADMIN and file-max. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.13 ==================== + +Released: 2005-11-03 + +This release consists entirely of formatting and typographical fixes. + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + +Various pages + mtk + Function and page cross references that were italicized were + made bold (which is how the majority of function and page + cross references were already done). + +Various pages + mtk + Instances of things like "NULL-terminated string" were changed to + "null-terminated string". + +Various pages + mtk + Pathnames, structures, arguments, and <header-files> that were + bold were changed to italics. + +Various pages + mtk + Instances of the constant "NULL" that were bold-faced were made + unformatted (which is how most instances of "NULL" were already + formatted.) + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.14 ==================== + +Released: 2005-11-17 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Angelo <ang3l0@katamail.com> +Avery Pennarun <apenwarr@nit.ca> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org> +Stefan Brüns <stefan.bruens@rwth-aachen.de> +Volker Reichelt <reichelt@igpm.rwth-aachen.de> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + +New pages +--------- + +rexec.3 + mtk / Justin Pryzby + This page is taken as is from the FreeBSD 5.4 distribution. + (Not checked against Linux reality, but likely things are + the same.) + See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=336875 + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +arch_prctl.2 + mtk + Updated discussion about lack of prototype in glibc. + +execve.2 + mtk + Improved description of E2BIG error: it relates to the sum + of the bytes in both environment and argument list. + +fcntl.2 + mtk + Clarified parts of the discussion of file leases, + noting effect of open(O_NONBLOCK), interruption + by signal handler, or termination by signal in + lease breaker. In response to + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=339037 + +stat.2 + mtk / Stefan Brüns + Added LINUX NOTES describing nanosecond timestamps. + +frexp.3 + Volker Reichelt / mtk + Fixed to point out that frexp() returns a number whose + *absolute* value is >= 0.5 and < 1. Amended the example + program to demonstrate this. + +open.2 + mtk / Avery Pennarun + Add EWOULDBLOCK error for file leases. + In response to + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=339037 + +putenv.3 + mtk + Although the glibc implementation returns -1 on error (and some + other man pages (e.g., the BSDs) also document that value for + error returns), SUSv3 merely says "non-zero" (and this is + what manual pages on many implementations also say). + +posix_memalign.3 + mtk + Formerly, the page said that all systems declare memalign() in + <malloc.h>. In fact, many declare it in <stdlib.h>. + +strtok.3 + mtk + Almost a complete rewrite after Angelo pointed out + that the existing page was deficient. + +sd.4 + Martin Schulze + Remove SEE ALSO for nonexistent scsi.4. + +proc.5 + mtk + Updated discussion of /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max. + +signal.7 + mtk + Added pthreads.7 to SEE ALSO. + +ld.so.8 + mtk + Fix typo: s/LD_DEBUG_OUTPUT/LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT/ + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.15 ==================== + +Released: 2005-11-30 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +James Vega <jamessan@debian.org> +Malcolm Scott <mas90@io.malc.org.uk> +Senthil Kumar <senthilkumar_sen@hotpop.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + +New pages +--------- + +sigvec.3 -- for details, see below. + +sigset.3 -- for details, see below. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +kill.2 + mtk + Added text describing the 2.6.[0-7] EPERM bug that occurred + when sending signals to a process group. + +sigaction.2 + mtk + Noted that si_signo is unused on Linux. + +sigpending.2 + mtk + Added BUGS noting wrapper function problem that existed + in glibc versions <= 2.2.1. + +sigpause.2 + mtk + Moved to section 3; see also sigpause.3 below. + +sigsetops.3 + mtk + Added a GLIBC NOTES section describing sigisemptyset(), + sigandset(), and sigorset(). + +sigvec.2 +sigblock.2 + mtk + These pages have been deleted, and replaced by a new sigvec.3 + man page that more fully describes the BSD signal API. + +siggetmask.2 +sigmask.2 +sigsetmask.2 + mtk + These links to the now-deleted sigblock.2 have been also been + deleted. They are replaced by corresponding links in Section 3: + sigmask.3, sigsetmask.3, siggetmask.3. + +sigvec.3 + mtk + This new page is provides a fuller description of the + BSD signal API than was provided in the now-deleted sigvec.2 + and sigblock.2. + +sigblock.3 +siggetmask.3 +sigmask.3 +sigsetmask.3 + mtk + Created as links to sigvec.3. + +sigpause.3 + mtk + Moved here from Section 2. + + Some minor wording fixes; clarified System V origins of + X/Open flavor of this function. + +sigset.3 + mtk + New page describing the System V signal API: sigset(), sighold(), + sigrelse(), sigignore(). + +strftime.3 + James Vega + Add further text clarifying that %+ specifier is not supported in + glibc2. + mtk + Added GLIBC NOTES section describing optional 'flag' and 'width' + components of conversion specifiers. + Some wording changes to bring terminology closer to SUSv3. + Added an example program. + +vm86old.2 + mtk / aeb + Add as new link to vm86.2. + +intro.7 + mtk + Added a few words to reflect the fact that several of the section + 7 pages provide overviews of various topics. + +signal.7 + mtk + Added some SEE ALSO entries. + +socket.7 + Senthil Kumar / mtk + Added text noting that select()/poll() do not respect SO_RCVLOWAT. + +udp.7 + Malcolm Scott + s/tcp_socket/udp_socket/ in example + Fixes http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=340927 + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.16 ==================== + +Released: 2005-12-02 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Urs Thuermann <urs@isnogud.escape.de> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +HOWTOHELP + Urs Thuermann + Added instructions for finding maintainer in Debian package. + +poll.2 + mtk + Added NOTES about INFTIM constant provided on some other + implementations. + +shmop.2 + Alan Stern + The -1 error return of shmat() should be cast "(void *)". + +strftime.3 + aeb + Remove junk text (actually intended as source code comment + in page). + +ip.7 + Urs Thuermann + Fix a typo: s/SOCK_RAW/SOCK_PACKET/ + +packet.7 + Urs Thuermann + Clarification: s%SOCK_PACKET%PF_INET/SOCK_PACKET% + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.17 ==================== + +Released: 2005-12-13 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de> +Urs Thuermann <urs@isnogud.escape.de> +Walter Harms <walter.harms@informatik.uni-oldenburg.de> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +New pages +--------- + +fmemopen.3 + Walter Harms / mtk + New documentation for the glibc-specific fmemopen() and + open_memstream(). Based on glibc info page. + +pipe.7 + mtk (with prompting and suggestions for improvements by + Michael Haardt) + New page providing overview of pipes and FIFOs. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +HOWTOHELP + mtk + Added notes on how to write example programs for manual pages. + +fork.2 + mtk + Added pointers to examples of fork() in wait.2 and pipe.2. + +pipe.2 + mtk + Added an example program. + Added SEE ALSO for new pipe.7 page. + +wait.2 + mtk + Added example program demonstrating use of fork() and waitpid(). + +carg.3 + Justin Pryzby + Delete line that should have been deleted when applying + 2.08 fix for this page. + +getaddrinfo.3 + mtk + Rearranged EAI_* list alphabetically. + +inet.3 + mtk + Added GLIBC NOTES describing feature test macros required + to expose declaration of inet_aton(). + +open_memstream.3 + mtk + New link to new fmemopen.3. + +fifo.4 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO for new pipe.7 page. + +environ.5 + mtk + Removed BROWSER, since it seems not in fact to be common. + +socket.7 + Urs Thuermann + Added documentation of SO_TIMESTAMP. + +tcp.7 + mtk + Noted 200 millisecond ceiling imposed on TCP_CORK. + +udp.7 + mtk + Rearranged options into something approximating alphabetical order. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.18 ==================== + +Released: 2005-12-15 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sf.net> +Karsten Sperling <karsten.sperling@stud.uni-karlsruhe.de> +Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +bind.2 + mtk + Added mention of AF_INET6 address family. + Added discussion of sockaddr structure and an example in the + Unix domain. + +recv.2 + mtk + Put 'flags' list in alphabetical order. + +send.2 + mtk + Added cross-reference from discussion of MSG_MORE to UDP_CORK + in udp(7). + + Put 'flags' list in alphabetical order. + +err.3 + mtk + Added CONFORMING TO section noting that these are + non-standard BSDisms. + +errno.3 + Justin Pryzby + Added SEE ALSO for err.3. + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=306867 + +gethostbyname.3 + Martin (Joey) Schulze / mtk + Added references to nsswitch.conf(5); remove cross references + to resolv+(8). + See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=308397 + +perror.3 + Justin Pryzby + Added SEE ALSO for err.3 . + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=306867 + +resolver.3 + mtk / Martin (Joey) Schulze + Remove cross references to resolv+(8); add cross references to + resolv.conf(5). + See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=214892 + + Added SEE ALSO entry for resolver(5); + see http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=251122 + +strerror.3 + mtk / Stefan Puiu + Rewrote and extended the discussion of the two flavors of + strerror_r(), and added some additional information on + strerror(). + Justin Pryzby + Added SEE ALSO for err.3, as per + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=306867 + + +elf.5 + Mike Frysinger + Fix three typos in identifier names. + +operator.7 + Karsten Sperling + The + operator should be in the list of unary operators. + +raw.7 + mtk + Small wording changes around discussion of SO_BSDCOMPAT. + Fixed a couple of wording errors elsewhere. + Reformatted some long lines. + +socket.7 + mtk, after a note by Stefan Puiu + Updated discussion of SO_BSDCOMPAT. + + Reformatted some long lines. + + Noted the Linux-specific feature whereby setsockopt() doubles + the value given for SO_SNDBUF and SO_RCVBUF. + + Noted kernel-imposed minimum values for SO_SNDBUF and SO_RCVBUF. + +udp.7 + mtk, after a note by Stefan Puiu + Updated discussion of SO_BSDCOMPAT. + +unix.7 + mtk + Added new (UN)SUPPORTED FEATURES section in which it is noted + that Unix domain sockets do not support MSG_OOB or MSG_MORE. + + Noted details of SO_SNBUF and SO_RCVBUF support for + Unix domain sockets. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.19 ==================== + +Released: 2005-12-23 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Walter Harms <walter.harms@informatik.uni-oldenburg.de> +Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +HOWTOHELP + mtk + Minor changes. + +bind.2 + Stefan Puiu / mtk + Remove text under EINVAL error: "This may change in the future: + see linux/unix/sock.c for details." This behavior has been + unchanged for a long time, and seems unlikely to change. + + Add EADDRINUSE to errors. + +send.2 + aeb + Add cmsg(3) to SEE ALSO. + +fopen.3 + Walter Harms / mtk + Added description of 'x' mode character (exclusive open). + +pipe.7 + mtk / aeb + Some wording changes to description of pipes. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.20 ==================== + +Released: 2006-01-03 + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +sigaltstack.2 + mtk + Added some text to explain the usual scenario in which + sigaltstack() is employed. + +getloadavg.3 + mtk + Noted that this function is available since glibc 2.2. + +strcpy.3 + mtk + s/nulls/null bytes/ + +capabilities.7 + mtk + Noted that capability bounding set appeared with kernel 2.2.11. + +arp.7 +icmp.7 +ip.7 +ipv6.7 +netdevice.7 +packet.7 +raw.7 +rtnetlink.7 +socket.7 +tcp.7 +unix.7 +udp.7 + mtk + The only changes to these pages have been for formatting: + -- Structure definitions were changed to K&R style + -- Some long source lines were broken to fit into ~70 + character lines. + No changes were made to the content of these pages (yet...). + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.21 ==================== + +Released: 2006-01-16 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Falk Hueffner <falk@debian.org> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Senthil Kumar <senthilkumar_sen@hotpop.com> +Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +dd.1 cp.1 +truncate.2 gethostname.2 lseek.2 listxattr.2 readlink.2 +sysfs.2 stat.2 ustat.2 uname.2 getdomainname.2 +argz_add.3 asprintf.3 confstr.3 bstring.3 bzero.3 dlopen.3 fwide.3 +gethostbyname.3 getline.3 getlogin.3 getnameinfo.3 getpass.3 hsearch.3 +perror.3 printf.3 readdir.3 scanf.3 stpcpy.3 strdup.3 strfmon.3 +strftime.3 string.3 strptime.3 sysconf.3 termios.3 ttyname.3 +dsp56k.4 tty_ioctl.4 +elf.5 proc.5 termcap.5 +charsets.7 unix.7 + mtk + Various pages use inconsistent terms for 'null byte' (which + is the C99/SUSv3 term for the '\0' character). + + To rectify this the following changes were made in the above + pages: + + Replace 'zero byte' with 'null byte'. + Replace 'null character' with 'null byte'. + Replace 'nulls' with 'null bytes'. + Replace 'NUL-terminated' by 'null-terminated'. + Replace 'NUL' by 'null byte'. + Replace 'terminating NUL' by 'terminating null byte'. + Replace 'final NUL' by 'terminating null byte'. + Replace 'NUL character' by 'null byte'. + +Various pages + mtk + Replace "SysV"/"SYSV" by "System V". + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +capget.2 + mtk + Noted bug that could wrongly cause EPERM in unprivileged + capset() with 'pid' field == getpid(). + +epoll_ctl.2 + mtk + Noted that EPOLLONESHOT was added in 2.6.2. + +gethostname.2 + mtk + Added GLIBC NOTES describing operation of glibc's + gethostname() wrapper function. + +mmap.2 + mtk / Mike Frysinger + Clarify relationship between mmap2(2) and mmap64(3). + mtk + A few other small rewordings. + +mmap64.3 + Mike Frysinger + New link to mmap.2. + +open.2 + mtk + Added BUG noting that O_ASYNC can't be enabled via + open(): fcntl() must be used for this purpose. + +recv.2 + Stefan Puiu + Relocate misplaced discussion of MSG_DONTWAIT. + +dlopen.3 + mtk + Rewrote discussion of dlopen() 'flag' argument; + added descriptions of RTLD_NOLOAD, RTLD_DELETE, + and RTLD_DEEPBIND. + + Noted use of atexit() to register a function that is + automatically called when a library is unloaded. + +fmemopen.3 + mtk + Rewrote substantial parts of the page, and relicensed under GPL. + +fseeko.3 + Mike Frysinger + Add RETURN VALUE section. + +getopt.3 + mtk + Noted historical use of <stdio.h> to declare getopt(). + +qsort.3 + mtk / Falk Hueffner + Clarify how strcmp() should be used as the 'compar' + function by providing an example. + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=348072 + +proc.5 + mtk + Noted that /proc/mounts is pollable since kernel 2.6.15. + + Documented /proc/PID/task. + + Noted that the contents of /proc/PID/{cwd,exe,fd,root,task} + are not available if the main thread has terminated. + + Senthil Kumar + Add pointer to random(4) for description of files under + /proc/sys/kernel/random. + +udp.7 + Stefan Puiu / mtk + Small rewording of discussion of SO_BSDCOMPAT + (add cross-ref to socket(7)). + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.22 ==================== + +Released: 2006-02-02 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Andre Noll <maan@systemlinux.org> +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Colin Tuckley <colin@tuckley.org> +Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com> +Thomas Hood <jdthood@yahoo.co.uk> +Thorsten Kukuk <kukuk@suse.de> +Walter Harms <walter.harms@informatik.uni-oldenburg.de> + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +mmap.2 + aeb / mtk + Noted that portable applications should specify fd as -1 + when using MAP_ANONYMOUS. + Some rewriting of description of MAP_ANONYMOUS. + +rt_sigreturn.2 + Thorsten Kukuk + New link to sigreturn.2. + +rt_sigsuspend.2 + mtk + New link to sigsuspend.2. + +waitid.2 + mtk + Noted that waitid() does not set infop->si_uid field on + most other implementations. + +getopt.3 + Walter harms / mtk + Make clear that when calling getopt_long() and there are no + short options, then 'optstring' should be "", not NULL. + +openpty.3 + Thomas Hood / mtk + In glibc 2.0.92, openpty() was modified to preferably open + Unix 98 ptys instead of BSD ptys. + +qsort.3 + mtk + Small rewording under EXAMPLES. + +strtol.3 +strtoul.3 + Stefan Puiu + s/string must begin/string may begin/ + +proc.5 + mtk + Documented inotify files under /proc/sys/fs/inotify: + max_queued_events, max_user_instances, and max_user_watches. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.23 ==================== + +Released: 2006-02-10 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> +Britton Leo Kerin <bkerin_rb@letterboxes.org> +Dan Jacobson <jidanni@jidanni.org> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Luc Van Oostenryck <lkml@looxix.net> +Kurt Wall <kwall@kurtwerks.com> +Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org> +Matthias Andree <matthias.andree@gmx.de> +Robert Love <rlove@rlove.org> +Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org> +Urs Thuermann <urs@isnogud.escape.de> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +New pages +--------- + +inotify_init.2 +inotify_add_watch.2 +inotify_rm_watch.2 + Robert Love, with some additions by mtk. + New pages describing the inotify API. + +mbind.2 +get_mempolicy.2 +set_mempolicy.2 + Andi Kleen, with additional work by mtk + New pages describing the NUMA memory allocation policy API. + Drawn from the set at ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/people/ak/numa. + +rtc.4 + Urs Thuermann, with additional work by mtk + New page describing the real-time clock driver. + +inotify.7 + mtk + Overview of the inotify API. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clone.2 + Andi Kleen + On x86, clone() should not be called through vsyscall, + but directly through "int $0x80". + +fcntl.2 + mtk + Small wording changes. + + Added cross-ref to inotify.7 under the description of dnotify. + +kill.2 + mtk / Britton Leo Kerin + Small wording change under NOTES to clarify + what happens when a process sends a signal to itself. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=350236 + +mlock.2 + mtk / Matthias Andree + Added BUGS txt on interaction between MCL_FUTURE and + RLIMIT_MEMLOCK. + See the following LKML thread: + http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113801392825023&w=2 + "Rationale for RLIMIT_MEMLOCK" + +msgop.2 + mtk / Samuel Thibault + Rewrote declaration of 'msgp' to be "void *" in response + to http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=350884 + Various other wording fixes. + +open.2 + mtk + Clarify distinction between "file creation flags" and + "file status flags". + +read.2 + Justin Pryzby + Add SEE ALSO for pread(2). + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=351873 + +sched_setaffinity.2 + mtk + Major rewrite. + +select.2 + mtk + Added return types to prototypes for FD_SET(), FD_CLR(), + FD_ZERO, and FD_ISSET(). + Other minor wording changes. + +read.2 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO for pwrite(2). + (Analogous with read.2 change above.) + +errno.3 + Kurt Wall / mtk + Add Linux specific errors to this page. + +localeconv.3 + mtk + Added cross-ref to locale.7 for 'struct lconv' defn. + Other minor wording changes. + Martin (Joey) Schulze + Added SEE ALSO refs for nl_langinfo.3 + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=351831 + +scanf.3 + mtk / Justin Pryzby + Minor formatting & wording fixes. + +setlocale.3 + Martin (Joey) Schulze + Added SEE ALSO refs for nl_langinfo.3 + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=351831 + +proc.5 + mtk + Migrated description of inotify files to the new inotify.7 page. + +ascii.7 + Dan Jacobson / mtk + Add text describing characters 001 to 037. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=342173 + +locale.7 + mtk + Minor wording and formatting changes. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.24 ==================== + +Released: 2006-02-17 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Joerg Habenicht <habenich@planetserver.com> +Luc Van Oostenryck <lkml@looxix.net> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New pages +--------- + +get_kernel_syms.2 +create_module.2 +delete_module.2 +init_module.2 +query_module.2 + FSF / mtk (with assistance of Luc Van Oostenryck) + man-pages finally gets pages for these system calls, several + of which are obsolete in Linux 2.6. + Took the old GPLed pages dated 1996 and made a number of + clean-ups and minor additions. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +various pages + mtk + Change "file name" to "filename" + Change "path name" to "pathname" + +stpncpy.3 +strstr.3 +strcmp.3 +toupper.3 +strlen.3 +stpcpy.3 +puts.3 +strdup.3 +strtok.3 +isalpha.3 +strspn.3 +gets.3 +strpbrk.3 + mtk after a suggestion from Samuel Thibault + Added SEE ALSO pointers to wide character equivalent functions + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=351996 + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clone.2 + mtk + Remove duplicate CLONE_STOPPED text. + Commented out crufty text describing EINVAL error + for the now obsolete CLONE_DETACHED flag. + Under CLONE_SIGHAND, noted that 'flags' must also include + CLONE_VM if CLONE_SIGHAND is specified. + +fcntl.2 + mtk + Under ERRORS: Separate out EAGAIN error for locking mmaped files. + +inotify_add_watch.2 + mtk + Minor wording fix. + +msgop.2 + mtk + Documented the EAGAIN error for msgrcv(). + +fnmatch.3 + Mike Frysinger / mtk + Expand explanation of FNM_PATHNAME. + +lockf.3 + Joerg Habenicht / mtk + Fix up discussion of EAGAIN/EACCESS errors. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.25 ==================== + +Released: 2006-03-02 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +James Peach <jpeach@samba.org> +Krzysztof Benedyczak <golbi@mat.uni.torun.pl> +Marten von Gagern <Martin.vGagern@gmx.net> +Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de> +Michael Wronksi <michal.wronski@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New pages +--------- + +mq_close.3 +mq_getattr.3 +mq_notify.3 +mq_open.3 +mq_receive.3 +mq_send.3 +mq_unlink.3 + mtk + New pages describing POSIX message queue API. + +posix_fallocate.3 + mtk, after a suggestion by James Peach + New page describing posix_fallocate(). + +mq_overview.7 + mtk + New page giving overview of the POSIX message queue API. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +lseek.2 + Michael Haardt + Add a case to the EINVAL error text. + mtk + Various minor wording fixes + Added SEE ALSO referring to new posix_fallocate.3. + +posix_fadvise.2 + mtk + Added "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600" to prototype. + Added SEE ALSO referring to new posix_fallocate.3. + +proc.5 + mtk + Migrated information on POSIX message queues to new mqueue.7 page. + +inotify.7 + Marten von Gagern + Fix thinko: s/assuming a non-blocking/assuming a blocking/ + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.26 ==================== + +Released: 2006-03-21 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Christoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com> +Hasso Tepper <hasso@estpak.ee> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org> +Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net> +Paul Brook <paul@nowt.org> +Siward de Groot <siward@wanadoo.nl> +Steve Beattie <sbeattie@suse.de> +Walter Harms <walter.harms@informatik.uni-oldenburg.de> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +clone.2 +getdents.2 +gettid.2 +llseek.2 +mmap2.2 +modify_ldt.2 +pivot_root.2 +quotactl.2 +readdir.2 +sysctl.2 +syslog.2 +tkill.2 + mtk, aeb, Steve Beattie + Added comment in SYNOPSIS to note that syscall(2) may be + preferable over _syscallN (see intro(2)). + +Various minor formatting changes were done on a range of +pages in Section 7. (No content was changed.) + +New pages +--------- + +openat.2 + mtk + New page describing openat(2), added in kernel 2.6.16, + and some notes on rationale for the at*(2) system calls. + +mbind.2 + Andi Kleen, Christoph Lameter, mtk + Added MPOL_MF_MOVE and MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL descriptions, + from numactl-0.9.2 man page. + Plus a few other smaller fixes. + +fexecve.3 + mtk + New page describing fexecve(3). + +futimes.3 + mtk + New page describing futimes(3). + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +execve.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO pointing to new fexecve.3. + +intro.2 + mtk, aeb, Steve Beattie + Added some notes on syscall(2) versus _syscall. + +msgctl.2 +msgget.2 +msgop.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO pointing to mq_overview.7. + +open.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO pointing to new openat.2. + + Split out part of the RETURN VALUE text into separate + NOTES section. + + Modified wording referring to raw(8) to + indicate that this interface is deprecated. + +poll.2 + mtk + Added discussion of ppoll(2), which is new in 2.6.16. + +ppoll.2 + mtk + New link to poll.2. + +recvmsg.2 +sendmsg.2 + mtk / Paul Brook + Added text to note that although POSIX says msg_controllen + should be socklen_t, glibc actually uses size_t. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=356502 + and the associated glibc bug report. + http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2448 + mtk + Various formatting fixes. + +select.2 + mtk + Updated to reflect the fact that pselect() has been implemented + in the kernel in 2.6.16; various other minor wording changes. + + pselect() prototype needs "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600". + +tempnam.3 + Justin Pryzby + Clean up description of EEXIST error. + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=357893 + +unlink.2 + mtk + Added a little extra text to clarify EISDIR vs EPERM. + +utime.2 + mtk + Added new SEE ALSO entry pointing to new futimes.3 page. + +exec.3 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO pointing to new fexecve.3. + +shm_unlink.3 + mtk + New link to shm_open.3 (should have been made when page + was originally written). + +swab.3 + Walter Harms + Add needed "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE". + +undocumented.3 + mtk + Updated to remove a few function names that are now documented. + +capabilities.7 + mtk + Various changes to bring this page closer to + current kernel versions. + +inotify.7 + mtk + Noted that glibc 2.4 is required to get glibc support + for inotify. + +mq_overview.7 + mtk + Some rewording and added a few words about System V + message queues. + +netlink.7 + Hasso Tepper + Substantial updates to various parts of this page. + mtk, Alain Portal + Minor fixes + +pthreads.7 + mtk + Updated to reflect that the NPTL limitation that only the main + thread could call setsid() and setpgid() was removed in 2.6.16. + +raw.7 + Hasso Tepper + Removed text implying that only in kernel 2.2 does IP_HDRINCL + prevent datagrams from being fragmented. + +socket.7 + mtk + Documented SO_SNDBUFFORCE and SO_RCVBUFFORCE socket options, + new in 2.6.14. + + Placed socket options in alphabetical order. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.27 ==================== + +Released: 2006-03-24 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Charles P. Wright <cwright@cs.sunysb.edu> +Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> +Chuck Ebbert <76306.1226@compuserve.com> +Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org> +Ingo Molnar <mingo@elet.hu> +Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> +Janak Desai <janak@us.ibm.com> +Paolo (Blaisorblade) Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> +Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +man7/* + mtk + Various minor formatting changes were done on a range of + pages in Section 7. (No content was changed.) + + +New pages +--------- + +unshare.2 + mtk, with reference to documentation by Janak Desai + New page describing unshare(2), added in kernel 2.6.16. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clone.2 +fork.2 +vfork.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO pointing to new unshare.2. + +mbind.2 + Christoph Lameter + MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL requires CAP_SYS_NICE not CAP_SYS_RESOURCE. + +mremap.2 + mtk + Clarified the description of MREMAP_FIXED and restructured + the text to reflect the fact that this flag is exposed + by glibc since version 2.4. + +ptrace.2 + Chuck Ebbert, with assistance from Daniel Jacobowitz, + Paolo (Blaisorblade) Giarrusso, and Charles P. Wright; + after a suggestion from Heiko Carstens. + Document the following ptrace requests: + PTRACE_SETOPTIONS (2.4.6) + plus associated flags: + PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD (2.4.6) + PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK (2.5.46) + PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK (2.5.46) + PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE (2.5.46) + PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC (2.5.46) + PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE (2.5.60) + PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT (2.5.60) + PTRACE_SETSIGINFO (2.3.99-pre6) + PTRACE_GETSIGINFO (2.3.99-pre6) + PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG (2.5.46) + PTRACE_SYSEMU (since Linux 2.6.14) + PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP (since Linux 2.6.14) + +sched_get_priority_max.2 +sched_setscheduler.2 +sched_setparam.2 + mtk, Ingo Molnar + Modified to document SCHED_BATCH policy, new in kernel 2.6.16. + + Text describing SCHED_BATCH was added to sched_setscheduler.2, + and was drawn in part from Ingo Molnar's description in the + mail message containing the patch that implemented this policy. + + Various other minor rewordings and formatting fixes. + +proc.5 + mtk, using text from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt + Document /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches, new in kernel 2.6.16. + mtk, using information from ChangeLog-2.6.14. + Document /proc/PID/smaps, new in kernel 2.6.14. + +capabilities.7 + mtk + Noted affect of CAP_SYS_NICE for mbind(MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL). + +pthreads.7 + mtk + Kernel 2.6.16 eliminated buggy behavior with respect to + the alternate signal stack. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.28 ==================== + +Released: 2006-03-31 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Aleksandr Blokhin <sass@altlinux.ru> +Greg Johnson <gjohnson@lanl.gov> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New pages +--------- + +sem_post.3 +sem_getvalue.3 +sem_close.3 +sem_open.3 +sem_destroy.3 +sem_wait.3 +sem_unlink.3 +sem_init.3 +sem_overview.7 + mtk + New pages describing the POSIX semaphores API. + + These pages supersede and provide a superset of the information + in the glibc (3thr) "semaphores(3)" manual page. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +ppoll.2 + Aleksandr Blokhin + Fix broken link. + +ptrace.2 + mtk + Wrapped long lines (no content changes). + +semctl.2 +semget.2 +semop.2 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO pointing to the new sem_overview.7 page. + +elf.5 + Greg Johnson + Removed SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent core(5). + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.29 ==================== + +Released: 2006-04-06 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de> +Roberto Jimenoca <robertojimenoca@terra.es> +Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +getrlimit.2 +prctl.2 +sigaction.2 +elf.5 +signal.7 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO entry referring to new core.5 page. + + +New pages +--------- + +mkdirat.2 + mtk + New page describing mkdirat(2), new in 2.6.16. + +mknodat.2 + mtk + New page describing mknodat(2), new in 2.6.16. + +core.5 + mtk + New page describing core dump files. + +mkfifoat.3 + mtk + New page describing mkfifoat(3). + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +accept.2 +getpeername.2 +getsockname.2 + Michael Haardt / mtk + Document EINVAL error for 'len' argument < 0. + +fcntl.2 + mtk + Expanded discussion of mandatory locking. + +getrlimit.2 + mtk + Added BUGS text on 2.6.x handling of RLIMIT_CPU limit + of zero seconds. See + http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112256338703880&w=2 + +mkdir.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO entry referring to new mkdirat.2. + +mknod.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO entry referring to new mknodat.2. + +open.2 + mtk / Roberto Jimenoca + Clarified discussion of file types affected by O_NONBLOCK. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=360243 + +openat.2 + mtk + Rewrote NOTES describing rationale for openat(). + Various other minor changes. + +recv.2 + Stefan Puiu + Removed a misleading cross-ref to socket.2. + +shmop.2 + mtk + Since 2.6.17-rc1, shmdt() gives the error EINVAL in a further + circumstance: if shmaddr is not aligned on a page boundary. + +unshare.2 + mtk + Remove text saying that specifying invalid flags "is likely + to cause compatibility problems" since the kernel now + (2.6.17-rc1) contains an explicit check for invalid bits + with a consequent EINVAL error. + +mkfifo.3 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO entry referring to new mkfifoat.3. + +proc.5 + mtk + Information on core_pattern and core_uses_pid has + been migrated to the new core.5 page. + +ip.7 + Stefan Puiu + Removed paragraph referring to obsolete ipchains / ipfw(4). + +sem_overview.7 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO entry referring to pthreads.7. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.30 ==================== + +Released: 2006-04-17 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andre Lehovich <andrel@yahoo.com> +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Karel Kulhavy <clock@twibright.com> +Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New pages +--------- + +linkat.2 + mtk + New page describing linkat(), new in kernel 2.6.16 + +renameat.2 + mtk + New page describing renameat(), new in kernel 2.6.16 + +symlinkat.2 + mtk + New page describing symlinkat(), new in kernel 2.6.16 + +unlinkat.2 + mtk + New page describing unlinkat(), new in kernel 2.6.16 + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +link.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO entry pointing to new linkat.2 page. + +openat.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO entries pointing to new *at.2 pages. + +rename.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO entry pointing to new renameat.2 page. + +rmdir.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO entry pointing to new unlinkat.2 page. + +symlink.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO entry pointing to new symlinkat.2 page. + +unlink.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO entry pointing to new unlinkat.2 page. + +termios.3 + mtk / Karel Kulhavy + Document the feature test macros required to expose various flags. + Karel Kulhavy + Clarify 'speed' argument for cfsetispeed() text. + Karel Kulhavy / mtk + Note that LOBLK is not implemented on Linux. + mtk + Clarify arguments for cfsetspeed(). + Various formatting changes. + +full.4 + Andre Lehovich + Add a sentence describing the purpose of full(4). + +core.5 + aeb / mtk + Rework text describing circumstances in which + core dump files are not produced. + mtk / Stefan Puiu + A core dump of a multithreaded process always includes the + PID in the core filename. + mtk / Stefan Puiu + Eliminate some accidentally duplicated text. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.31 ==================== + +Released: 2006-05-02 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Joshua Kwan <joshk@triplehelix.org> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Karel Kulhavy <clock@twibright.com> +Mark Glines <mark@glines.org> +Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org> +Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> +Ryan S. Arnold <rsa@us.ibm.com> +Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Page renamings +-------------- + +The following pages have been relocated into section 7, since +that is their more natural home. SEE ALSO references in various +other pages have been adjusted. + +epoll.4 +fifo.4 +futex.4 +complex.5 +environ.5 + (many pages outside man-pages actually *expect* + 'environ' to be in Section 7.) + +ipc.5 + renamed to svipc.7 + +".so" link files have been created to link the old file locations to the +new file locations. These links are added just to ensure that cross +references from any other (non-man-pages) pages will remain valid; +eventually these links will be removed. + + +New pages +--------- + +fstatat.2 + mtk + New page for fstatat(2), new in 2.6.16. + +adjtime.3 + mtk + New page for adjtime(3). + +error.3 + Justin Pryzby / mtk + New page describing error() and error_at_line() + Fixes http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=186307 + +program_invocation_name.3 + mtk + New page describing program_invocation_name and + program_invocation_short_name variables. + +sockatmark.3 + mtk + New page for sockatmark(3). + +ftm.7 + mtk + New page describing feature test macros. + +time.7 + mtk + New page giving an overview of "time" on Linux systems. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +getgroups.2 +wait4.2 +chown.2 +chdir.2 +gettimeofday.2 +initgroups.3 +dirfd.3 + mtk + Simplified wording around requirement for _BSD_SOURCE + feature test macro. + +times.2 +time.2 +gettimeofday.2 +getitimer.2 +nanosleep.2 +ctime.3 +rtc.4 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO referring to new time.7. + +err.3 +errno.3 +perror.3 +strerror.3 + Justin Pryzby / mtk + Add SEE ALSO referring to new error.3. + +getdate.3 +printf.3 +scanf.3 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO entry referring to setlocale.3. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +accept.2 + Mark Glines + Remove mention of SOCK_RDM from this page, since this socket + type does not support accept()ing connections. + +adjtimex.2 + mtk + Modified text referring to adjtime(); added SEE ALSO for new + adjtime.3 page. + +fsync.2 + mtk, after a note by Karel Kulhavy + Rewrote most of the DESCRIPTION, as well as some other parts + the page, to clarify use and operation of, and rationale for, + fsync(2) and fdatasync(2). + +getitimer.2 + mtk + Updated discussion of maximum timer value to reflect the fact + that the default jiffy is now 4 milliseconds. + + Added text to note that current incorrect behavior of + normalizing tv_usec >= 1000000 will be repaired in a future + kernel; applications should be fixed now. + +gettimeofday.2 + Karel Kulhavy + Point out more explicitly that 'tz' argument should + normally be NULL. + mtk + Various other minor edits and formatting fixes. + +mount.2 + mtk + Since kernel 2.6.16, MS_NOATIME and MS_NODIRATIME are settable + on a per-mount basis. + Detail exactly which mount flags can be changed on MS_REMOUNT. + +nanosleep.2 + mtk / Karel Kulhavy + Clarify RETURN VALUE discussion. + +openat.2 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new fstatat.2. + +program_invocation_short_name.3 + mtk + New link to new program_invocation_name.3. + +recv.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO for new sockatmark.3. + +rmdir.2 + Joshua Kwan / Martin (Joey) Schulze / mtk + Correct wording of EBUSY case. + mtk + Add ".." case to ENOTEMPTY error + +select.2 + Karel Kulhavy + Note more clearly that fd_set arguments can be NULL. + mtk / Karel Kulhavy + Improve opening paragraph describing purpose of select(). + mtk + Various other minor edits and formatting fixes. + +semget.2 + mtk / Nishanth Aravamudan + Add text to noting that the initial values of semaphores + in a new set are indeterminate. + +shmget.2 + mtk + Add text noting that contents of newly created segment are zero + values. + +sigwaitinfo.2 + mtk + Noted that all threads should block signal being waited for. + +stat.2 + Nishanth Aravamudan / mtk + Added NOTE that st_size is always returned as zero for most + /proc files. + mtk + Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new fstatat.2. + +syscall.2 + Justin Pryzby / mtk + Remove bogus BUGS text. + +utime.2 + mtk + Various minor changes. + +confstr.3 + mtk + Rewrote RETURN VALUE discussion. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + Removed BUGS. + +ctanh.3 + Martin (Joey) Schulze / mtk + Fix errors in DESCRIPTION. + +ctime.3 + mtk + The range of tm_sec is 0..60 (not 0..61). + +error_at_line.3 +error_message_count.3 +error_on_per_line.3 +error_print_progname.3 + mtk + New links to new error.3. + +fmemopen.3 + mtk / Ryan S. Arnold + Add text noting that explicitly controlling output buffering + may be useful to catch errors on output operations on an + fmemopen() stream. + +getline.3 + Justin Pryzby + Add SEE ALSO pointing to getline.3. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=364772 + +strtod.3 +strtoul.3 + mtk + Describe correct handling of errno in order to + distinguish error from success after the call. + + Added EXAMPLE section which points to strtol.3 which provides + an example of the use of the analogous strtol(3). + +strtol.3 + mtk / Justin Pryzby + Add an example program. + mtk + Describe correct handling or errno in order to + distinguish error from success after the call. + +tmpfile.3 + Reuben Thomas + DESCRIPTION does not need to say "temporary file name" + just "temporary file", since the name is in any case + unavailable to the user. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=363518 + mtk + In DESCRIPTION: + Change /automatically deleted when the program terminates normally/ + to /automatically deleted when the program terminates/ + since deletion occurs on both normal and abnormal termination. + +ip.7 + Karel Kulhavy / mtk + Various wording improvements and clarifications. + +signal.7 + mtk / Ulrich Drepper + Add text noting that a signal's disposition is process-wide, + shared by all threads. + mtk + Add text on changing signal dispositions. + Add text on "signal mask and pending signals". + Other minor edits. + +time.7 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO for new adjtime.3. + +ld.so.8 + Justin Pryzby + Remove bogus duplicate line. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.32 ==================== + +Released: 2006-05-13 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Johannes Weiner <root@hnaz.ath.cx> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Karel Kulhavy <clock@twibright.com> +Paul Brook <paul@nowt.org> +Pavel Heimlich <tropikhajma@seznam.cz> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New pages +--------- + +faccessat.2 + mtk + New page for faccessat(2), new in 2.6.16. + +fchmodat.2 + mtk + New page for fchmodat(2), new in 2.6.16. + +fchownat.2 + mtk + New page for fchownat(2), new in 2.6.16. + +futimesat.2 + mtk + New page for futimesat(2), new in 2.6.16. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +access.2 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new faccessat.2 page. + +capget.2 + mtk + Reworded to reflect that capabilities are per-thread. + +chmod.2 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new fchmodat.2 page. + +chown.2 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new fchownat.2 page. + +mmap.2 + mtk + Updated discussion of MAP_NORESERVE since it is no longer + restricted to MAP_PRIVATE mappings. + Add reference to discussion of /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory + in proc.5. + +openat.2 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, + fchownat.2, futimesat.2 pages. + +shmget.2 + mtk + Document SHM_NORESERVE flag, new in 2.6.15. + +truncate.2 + Paul Brook / mtk + Expand text noting that ftruncate()/truncate() may fail if + asked to extend a file beyond its current length. + Add EPERM error. + +utime.2 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new futimesat.2 page. + +fopen.3 + Justin Pryzby / mtk + Document 'm' (mmap) flag. + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=365754 + mtk + Document 'c' (notcancel) flag. + +futimes.3 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new futimesat.2 page. + +qsort.3 + Johannes Weiner + Add missing "const" qualifies to cast in EXAMPLE. + mtk + Slight rewording of comments in EXAMPLE. + +termios.3 + Karel Kulhavy + Clarify meaning of IXANY. + Clarify relationship of MIN with VMIN and TIME with VTIME. + mtk + Noted that CIBAUD, OFDEL, and DELECHO are not implemented + on Linux. + Added explanatory paragraph for phrases "not in POSIX" and + "XSI". + +capabilities.7 + mtk + Reworded to reflect that capabilities are per-thread. + Add ioprio_set() to list of operations permitted by + CAP_SYS_NICE. + Add ioprio_set() IOPRIO_CLASS_RT and IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE + scheduling classes to list of operations permitted by + CAP_SYS_ADMIN. + Note effects of CAP_SYS_NICE for migrate_pages(). + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.33 ==================== + +Released: 2006-05-23 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Martin Osvald" <martin.osvald@gmail.com> +Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Page renamings +-------------- + +ftm.7 + mtk / Stefan Puiu + renamed to the more suggestive feature_test_macros.7 + + +New pages +--------- + +mq_getsetattr.2 + mtk + New page briefly describing mq_getsetattr(2), the system + call that underlies mq_setattr(3) and mq_getattr(3). + +rpmatch.3 + Justin Pryzby / mtk + New page for rpmatch(3). + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +chmod.2 + mtk + Remove mention of non-standard S_IREAD, S_IWRITE, S_IEXEC. + POSIX does now document ELOOP. + +open.2 + mtk + Remove mention of non-standard S_IREAD, S_IWRITE, S_IEXEC. + +mmap.2 + Justin Pryzby + Add mincore(2) to SEE ALSO. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=367401 + +msync.2 + Justin Pryzby + Note that EINVAL can also be caused by + flags == MS_SYNC | MS_ASYNC. + +sched_setaffinity.2 + mtk + Add CPU_ISSET, CPU_CLR, CPU_SET, CPU_ZERO to NAME section. + +select.2 + mtk + Various minor changes. + +select_tut.2 + mtk + Removed much material that is redundant with select.2. + Various other changes. + +umask.2 + mtk + Substantial rewrite of description of 'mask'. + +CPU_ISSET.3 +CPU_CLR.3 +CPU_SET.3 +CPU_ZERO.3 + mtk + New links to sched_setaffinity.2 + +FD_CLR.3 +FD_ISSET.3 +FD_SET.3 +FD_ZERO.3 + mtk + New links to select.2. + +fts.3 + Justin Pryzby + Add SEE also referring to ftw.3. + +ftw.3 + Justin Pryzby + Add SEE also referring to fts.3. + +getline.3 + Justin Pryzby + Various minor clarifications. + +mkstemp.3 + mtk + Clarify that O_EXCL is an open(2) flag. + +mq_open.3 + Martin Osvald + Fix prototype declaration for 'attr'. + +mq_notify.3 + Martin Osvald + s/sigev_signal/sigev_signo/ + +mq_setattr.3 + mtk + New link to mq_getattr.3. + +mq_timedreceive.3 + mtk + New link to mq_receive.3. + +mq_timedsend.3 + mtk + New link to mq_send.3. + +setlocale.3 + Justin Pryzby + Added SEE ALSO referring to rpmatch.3. + +sigandset.3 +sigisemptyset.3 +sigorset.3 + mtk + New links to sigsetops.3. + +stdio.3 + Justin Pryzby + Added SEE ALSO referring to unlocked_stdio.3 + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=367667 + +strchr.3 + Justin Pryzby + Add description of strchrnul(). + +strchrnul.3 + mtk + New link to strchr.3. + +undocumented.3 + Justin Pryzby / mtk + Updated to remove some functions that don't exist, and + therefore don't need to be documented. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=367671 + +unlocked_stdio.3 + Justin Pryzby + Added SEE ALSO referring to stdio.3 + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=367667 + +mq_overview.7 + mtk + Added section describing relationship between library + interfaces and system calls. + Added SEE ALSO referring to new mq_getsetattr.2. + +feature_test_macros.7 + Stefan Puiu + Fix typo: s/_POSIX_C_SOURCE/_POSIX_SOURCE/ + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.34 ==================== + +Released: 2006-06-20 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Aristeu Sergio Rozanski Filho <aris@cathedrallabs.org> +bert hubert <bert.hubert@netherlabs.nl> +Chris Curtis <chris.curtis@riptidesoftware.com> +Eduardo Madeira Fleury <efleury@br.ibm.com> +Joerg Scheurich <rusmufti@helpdesk.bera.rus.uni-stuttgart.de> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sf.net> +Kenichi Okuyama <okuyama.kenichi@oss.ntt.co.jp> +Marc Lehmann <debian-reportbug@plan9.de> +Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org> +Mats Wichmann <mats.d.wichmann@intel.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Peter Eiserloh <eiserlohpp@yahoo.com> +Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com> +Thomas Dickey <dickey@radix.net> +Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +tzselect.8 +zdump.8 +zic.8 + mtk, Joey + Added header comment noting that these pages are in the public + domain. + +bindresvport.3 +getrpcent.3 +getrpcport.3 +rpc.3 +xdr.3 +rpc.5 + mtk, aeb, Joey + Added following to top of these pages to clarify origin and + license: + .\" This page was taken from the 4.4BSD-Lite CDROM (BSD license) + +New pages +--------- + +ioprio_set.2 + Eduardo Madeira Fleury, with edits by mtk, and review by Jens Axboe + New page for ioprio_get(2) and ioprio_set(2), new in 2.6.13. + +offsetof.3 + Justin Pryzby / mtk + New page describing offsetof() macro. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +_exit.2 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO referring to exit_group.2. + +acct.2 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO referring to acct.5. + +fcntl.2 + mtk + Explicitly mention term "dnotify" in discussion of F_NOTIFY. + +inotify_add_watch.2 + Aristeu Sergio Rozanski Filho / mtk + s/<inotify.h>/<sys/inotify.h>/ in prototypes. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=369960 + mtk + Renamed argument from 'path' to 'pathname'. + Reword introductory paragraph to clarify that + inotify_add_watch() may also modify an existing watch item. + mtk + The EINVAL error can also occur if 'fd' is not an inotify + file descriptor. + mtk + Moved BUGS section from this page to inotify.7. + +inotify_init.2 + Aristeu Sergio Rozanski Filho / mtk + s/<inotify.h>/<sys/inotify.h>/ in prototypes. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=369960 + +inotify_rm_watch.2 + Aristeu Sergio Rozanski Filho / mtk + s/<inotify.h>/<sys/inotify.h>/ in prototypes. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=369960 + mtk + The EINVAL error can also occur if 'fd' is not an inotify + file descriptor. + +ioprio_get.2 + mtk + New link to new ioprio_set.2. + +mmap.2 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO referring to remap_file_pages.2. + +mount.2 + Kenichi Okuyama + s/MNT_FORCE/MNT_EXPIRE/ under EINVAL error. + +mremap.2 + Mike Frysinger + s/unsigned long flags/int flags/ in SYNOPSIS. + +pipe.2 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO referring to popen.3. + +posix_fadvise.2 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO referring to readahead.2. + +read.2 + mtk + SEE ALSO for readv should refer to Section 2, not 3. + +readahead.2 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO referring to posix_fadvise.2. + +send.2 + Peter Eiserloh + Fix missing arguments in statement about equivalent send() + and sendto() calls. + +setsid.2 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO referring to tcgetsid.3. + +shmctl.2 + mtk + Minor wording change at start of DESCRIPTION. + +stat.2 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO referring to access.2. + +statfs.2 + mtk + Relocated "Note" about f_fsid. + +write.2 + mtk + SEE ALSO for writev should refer to Section 2, not 3. + +__setfpucw.3 + mtk, Joey + Added license statement (GPL) after consultation with + Joerg Scheurich. + +assert_perror.3 + Justin Pryzby + Add #define _GNU_SOURCE to prototype + +difftime.3 + Joey + Added note about time_t representation on other systems. + Added CONFORMING TO. + +ftw.3 + Justin Pryzby / mtk + A fairly major revision... + Document FTW_ACTIONRETVAL; include .SH "RETURN VALUE"; + Reorganized and rewrote much of the page + Added an example program. + +inet.3 + Marc Lehmann + Fixed typo in NOTES. + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=370277 + +isalpha.3 + Joey + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +mktemp.3 + mtk + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +printf.3 + Walter Harms + Add documentation of %m. + +readdir.3 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO referring to ftw.3. + +re_comp.3 + mtk + Note that these functions are obsolete in favor of regcomp(3). + Justin Pryzby + Add SEE ALSO referring to regcomp.3 + +scandir.3 + Mats Wichmann + Reworded CONFORMING TO statement on scandir() and alphasort(). + +strchr.3 + Stefan Puiu + Fix prototype for strchrnul(). + +strtoul.3 + Stefan Puiu + Add text clarifying treatment of strings starting with + minus sign. + +tmpnam.3 + mtk, after comments by Justin Pryzby + Add text noting the need to use open(O_EXCL). + mtk + Clarify discussion of use of free(3). + Various other minor changes to text and formatting. + +tmpfile.3 + mtk + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +tmpnam.3 + mtk, after comments by Justin Pryzby + Add text noting the need to use open(O_EXCL). + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +undocumented.3 + mtk + Remove offsetof(), which is now documented. + +null.4 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO referring to full.4. + +console_codes.4 + Thomas Dickey + Various improvements and corrections. + +epoll.7 + mtk + Added CONFORMING TO section mentioning FreeBSD kqueue and + Solaris /dev/poll. + +feature_test_macros.7 + mtk + Added pointer to location of LFS specification. + +futex.7 + mtk, after suggestion by Joey. + Added license statement to page, after discussion with + original author, bert hubert. + mtk + Reformat long lines; no content changes. + +inotify.7 + mtk + 'path' argument renamed to 'pathname'. + A few minor rewordings. + Added BUGS section describing a couple of bugs. + +ip.7 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO referring to byteorder.3. + +man.7 + Justin Pryzby + Add SEE ALSO referring to groff_man(7). + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=369253 + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.35 ==================== + +Released: 2006-07-06 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> +Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> +Bauke Jan Douma <bjdouma@xs4all.nl> +Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org> +Denis Barbier <barbier@linuxfr.org> +Horacio Rodriguez Montero <Horacio.Rodriguez.Montero@galinter.com.ar> +Johan Lithander <johan.lithander@teligent.se> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com> +Thorsten Kukuk <kukuk@suse.de> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + +New pages +--------- + +sync_file_range.2 + Andrew Morton / mtk + New page for sync_file_range(2), new in kernel 2.6.17. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +adjtime.3 + mtk + Noted BUG that occurs if 'delta' is specified as NULL. + See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6761 + +bind.2 + Stefan Puiu + Add EADDRNOTAVAIL error. + Stefan Puiu / mtk + Make example code more complete. + +epoll_ctl.2 + mtk / Davide Libenzi + Added EPOLLRDHUP description. + mtk + Added SEE ALSO referring to poll.2. + +poll.2 + mtk / Davide Libenzi + Added POLLRDHUP description. + mtk + The correct header file is <poll.h>, not <sys/poll.h>. + Rewrote and reformatted various other parts. + +readlink.2 + mtk + Nowadays, readlink() returns 'ssize_t', as required in + POSIX.1-2001. + +wavelan.4 + mtk + Added license statement. + +nscd.conf.5 + Thorsten Kukuk + Add documentation for various new fields. + +passwd.5 + Horacio Rodriguez Montero + Add explanation of 'x' character in 'password' field. + mtk + The proper name of "*" is "asterisk" not "star". + +tcp.7 + Johan Lithander + Update RFC reference for ECN. + Andi Kleen + Add sentence on "low memory" limit for tcp_mem on 32-bit systems. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.36 ==================== + +Released: 2006-07-11 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Jens Axboe <jans@suse.de> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + +New pages +--------- + +MAINTAINING + mtk + How to maintain man-pages. + +TODO + mtk + Things that it would be nice to get done for man-pages one day. + +scripts/FIXME_list.sh + mtk + This script, intended for use by manual page maintainers, + displays the FIXMEs in the manual page source files. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +fdatasync.2 +fsync.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO referring to sync_file_range.2. + +sendfile.2 + mtk / Jens Axboe + Fix description of 'offset' argument to explain the case + where 'offset' is NULL. + +ferror.3 + Justin Pryzby + Add SEE ALSO referring to fdopen.3. + +intro.3 + mtk + Removed information about Section 3 subsections -- it doesn't + reflect current reality, and probably never has. + + Added SEE ALSO referring to intro.2. + +tcp.7 + Kyle McMartin + Correction: tcp_window_scaling is ENabled by default. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.37 ==================== + +Released: 2006-08-02 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Dean Gaudet <dean@arctic.org> +Frank van Viegen <F.C.vanViegen@UTwente.nl> +Helmut Grohne <helmut@subdivi.de> +Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com> +Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com> +Ville Skyttä <ville.skytta@iki.fi> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +Thomas Huriaux / mtk + + Various formatting problems found as a result of reviewing the + following command were fixed. + + for a in $(wc -l man?/*.?| awk '$1 > 2 {print $2}' | grep -v total); do + echo $a; groff -Tascii -wmac -mman $a > /dev/null; + done 2>&1 | less + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=378544 + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + +New pages +--------- + +readlinkat.2 + mtk (after prompting from Ivana Varekova) + New page for readlinkat(2), new in kernel 2.6.16. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +ldd.1 + Ville Skyttä + Document "-u" option. + +chdir.2 + mtk + Noted effect of fork() and execve() on current working directory. + +chroot.2 + mtk + Noted effect of fork() and execve() on root directory. + +epoll_ctl.2 + Frank van Viegen / mtk + Fix description of EBADF error. + +exevce.2 + mtk + Add text noting that effective IDs are copied to + saved set-IDs during execve(). + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=379297 + +getitimer.2 + mtk + Noted effect of fork() and execve() on interval timers. + +getrlimit.2 + mtk + Noted effect of fork() and execve() on resource limits. + +getpriority.2 + mtk + Noted effect of fork() and execve(). + +inotify_add_watch.2 + mtk + Some rewording; included text describing required file + permissions. + +intro.2 + mtk + Revised description of standards under CONFORMING TO. + +makecontext.3 + Helmut Grohne / mtk + Point out that args following 'argc' are int. + mtk + Added an example program. + Various minor wording fixes. + +mmap.2 + mtk + Expand description of MAP_POPULATE. + mtk, after prompting by Dean Gaudet + Expand description MAP_NONBLOCK. + mtk + Various minor formatting fixes. + +openat.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO linking to readlinkat.2. + +nanosleep.2 + mtk + Noted buggy behavior in Linux 2.4 and earlier when + nanosleep() is restarted after receiving stop+SIGCONT signals. + +nice.2 + mtk + Very minor rewording. + +readlink.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO linking to readlinkat.2. + +sched_setscheduler.2 + mtk + Noted preservation of scheduling parameters across execve(). + +setpgid.2 + mtk + Noted effect of fork() and execve() on process group ID. + +setsid.2 + mtk + Noted effect of fork() and execve() on session ID. + +umask.2 + mtk + Noted effect of fork() and execve() on umask. + +atexit.3 + mtk + Noted inheritance of registrations across fork(). + +capabilities.7 + mtk + Added material on privileges required for move_pages(). + CLONE_NEWNS needs CAP_SYS_ADMIN. + keyctl(KEYCTL_CHOWN) and keyctl(KEYCTL_SETPERM) require + CAP_SYS_ADMIN. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.38 ==================== + +Released: 2006-08-03 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +Most pages + mtk + There was a major reworking of the CONFORMING TO sections + in most manual pages. + + * generally try to rationalize the names used for standards. + The preferred names are now documented as the head words + of the list in standards(7). For the future: there is + probably no need to talk about anything more than + C89, C99, POSIX.1-2001 (or later), xBSD, and SVr4. + (In particular, I've eliminated most references to XPG + and SVID, replacing them with references to SUS or SVr4.) + + * eliminate discussion of errors that can occur on other + systems. This information exists only patchily in the + manual pages, is probably of limited use, is hard to maintain, + and was in some cases simply wrong (and probably always was). + + * Tried to ensure that those interfaces specified in C99 or + POSIX.1-2001 are marked as such in their manual pages. + +intro.1 +intro.2 +intro.3 +intro.4 +intro.5 +intro.7 +feature_test_macros.7 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO referring to new standards.7. + +Various pages + mtk + Changed instances of "HP UX" to "HP-UX". + +Various pages + mtk + Changed instances of "DG-UX to "DG/UX" + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + +New pages +--------- + +standards.7 + mtk + Based on material taken from intro.2, but expanded to + include discussion of many additional standards. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +bind.2 + mtk + Minor wording change for ENOTSOCK error. + +intro.2 + mtk + Removed information on standards to new standards.7. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.39 ==================== + +Released: 2006-08-05 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + mtk + Updated CONFORMING TO and/or standards references + in various pages that were missed for 2.38. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + + +chdir.2 + mtk + _XOPEN_SOURCE=500 also gets fchdir() prototype. + +standards.7 + mtk + Added a few more standards, and expand some explanations. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.40 ==================== + +Released: 2006-09-04 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> +Chuck Ebbert <76306.1226@compuserve.com> +Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org> +Toralf Förster <toralf.foerster@gmx.de> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Global changes +-------------- + +faccessat.2 +fchmodat.2 +fchownat.2 +fstatat.2 +futimesat.2 +linkat.2 +mkdirat.2 +mknodat.2 +openat.2 +readlinkat.2 +renameat.2 +symlinkat.2 + mtk (after a note by Alain Portal) + Make naming of 'pathname' argument consistent; various + minor rewordings. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clone.2 + mtk + Reinstate text on CLONE_DETACHED, and add a few words. + +execve.2 + mtk + Added list of process attributes that are not preserved on exec(). + +fork.2 + mtk, after a suggestion by Christoph Hellwig + Greatly expanded, to describe all attributes that differ + in parent and child. + +linkat.2 + mtk + Document AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW (new in 2.6.18). + +set_mempolicy.2 + mtk / Andi Kleen + Memory policy is preserved across execve(). + +write.2 + mtk / Alain Portal + SEE ALSO for writev should refer to Section 2, not 3. + (i.e., really make the change that was logged in 2.34) + +getcwd.3 + Samuel Thibault / mtk + Fix SYNOPSIS and CONFORMING TO text for getwd() and + get_current_dir(). + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=381692 + +proc.5 + Chuck Ebbert + Document /proc/PID/auxv. + +capabilities.7 + Alain Portal + Restore text accidentally deleted in 2.39. + +regex.7 + mtk / Alain Portal + Change references to "1003.2" to "POSIX.2". + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.41 ==================== + +Released: 2006-10-12 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> +Britton Leo Kerin <bkerin_rb@letterboxes.org> +Dan Jacobson <jidanni@jidanni.org> +Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org> +Hrvoje Niksic <hniksic@xemacs.org> +Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Kevin Ryde <user42@zip.com.au> +Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org> +Senthil Kumar <senthilkumar_sen@hotpop.com> +Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com> +Stuart MacDonald <stuartm@connecttech.com> +Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +New pages +--------- + +splice.2 +tee.2 +vmsplice.2 + Jens Axboe / Michael Kerrisk + See also: + http://lwn.net/Articles/118760/ + http://lwn.net/Articles/178199/ + http://lwn.net/Articles/179492/ + http://kerneltrap.org/node/6505 + http://lwn.net/Articles/179434/ + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +ldd.1 + Stefan Puiu + Note glibc version where "ldd -u" appeared. + +execve.2 + mtk + The PR_SET_NAME setting is not preserved across an execve(). + +fork.2 + mtk + Mappings marked with madvise(MADV_DONTFORK) are not inherited + by child. + +getdtablesize.2 + mtk + Noted that sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX) is preferred in portable + applications. + +getpagesize.2 + mtk + Noted that sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE) is preferred in portable + applications. + _SC_PAGE_SIZE is available on most systems. + +madvise.2 + mtk + Document MADV_REMOVE, new in 2.6.16. + Document MADV_DONTFORK / MADV_DOFORK, new in 2.6.16. + +mount.2 + mtk / Trond Myklebust + MNT_FORCE can cause data loss. + +mmap.2 + mtk + Added note on Linux's old (pre-2.6.12) buggy treatment of + length==0. + Justin Pryzby / mtk + Added some EINVAL errors. + +mremap.2 + mtk + Remove superfluous "#include <unistd.h>" from SYNOPSIS. + +msync.2 + mtk + Added EBUSY error for case where MS_INVALIDATE is applied to + a locked region. + +posix_fadvise.2 + Andrew Morton + Since 2.6.18, POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE is a no-op. + +prctl.2 + Marcel Holtmann / mtk + Since kernel 2.6.18, setting 2 for PR_SET_DUMPABLE is no longer + possible. + Guillem Jover + Updated Linux versions where the options where introduced. + Added PR_SET_TIMING, PR_GET_TIMING, PR_SET_NAME, PR_GET_NAME, + PR_SET_UNALIGN, PR_GET_UNALIGN, PR_SET_FPEMU, PR_GET_FPEMU, + PR_SET_FPEXC, PR_GET_FPEXC. + Michael Kerrisk + Document PR_GET_ENDIAN and PR_SET_ENDIAN. + +remap_file_pages.2 + mtk + Add "#define _GNU_SOURCE" to SYNOPSIS. + +sync_file_range.2 + mtk + Noted that sync_file_range() appeared in kernel 2.6.17. + +vfork.2 + mtk + Noted interactions with fork handlers in multithreaded programs. + +wait4.2 + mtk + Added feature test macros to SYNOPSIS. + +clog2.3 + mtk / aeb / Kevin Ryde + Fix broken text in description. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=386214 + +clog10.3 + Kevin Ryde + Fix broken text in description. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=386214 + +mq_receive.3 + Britton Leo Kerin + Fix return type in SYNOPSIS; should be "ssize_t" not "mqd_t". + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=387551 + +qsort.2 + Hrvoje Niksic + Fix wording referring to the use of strcmp() in 'compar' + function. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=391402 + +sendfile.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO referring to new splice.2 page. + +termios.3 + mtk + Documented IUTF8 (which was new in kernel 2.6.4). + +tzset.3 + mtk + Added some TZ examples. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=386087 + +proc.5 + mtk + Added delayacct_blkio_ticks (new in 2.6.18) to /proc/PID/statm. + +ip.7 + Stuart MacDonald / Andi Kleen + Fix discussion for TCP error queue /IP_RECVERR on TCP. + +pthreads.7 + mtk + Noted effect of RLIMIT_STACK resource limit for NPTL. + +socket.7 + Senthil Kumar + Place socket options in alphabetical order. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.42 ==================== + +Released: 2006-11-24 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> +Chuck Ebbert <76306.1226@compuserve.com> +Doug Goldstein <cardoe@gentoo.org> +Eduard Bloch <blade@debian.org> +Evan Teran <eteran@alum.rit.edu> +Pavel Heimlich <tropikhajma@seznam.cz> +Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz> +Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net> +Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +brk.2 + Evan Teran / mtk + Add text describing behavior of the Linux brk() system call + and point out that the glibc brk() wrapper provides different + behavior. + mtk + Note that sbrk() is implemented as a library function in glibc + that calls the brk() system call. + +futex.2 + mtk + FUTEX_FD is scheduled for removal in June 2007. + +getaddrinfo.3 +getnameinfo.3 + Ulrich Drepper, with edits by mtk + Add text describing Internationalized Domain Name + extensions. + +open.2 + mtk / Eduard Bloch + Fix description of O_LARGEFILE to mention required feature test + macros. + +ptrace.2 + Chuck Ebbert + Since Linux 2.6.18, the PID of the new process is also available + for PTRACE_EVENT_VFORKDONE. + +syslog.3 + Doug Goldstein + Fix header file required for vsyslog() in SYNOPSIS. + +wcwidth.3 + Petr Baudis + Fix CONFORMING TO. + +core.5 + mtk + Linux 2.4.21 added core_pattern (which was already in 2.6). + Noted a few more reasons why a core dump file might not + be produced. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.43 ==================== + +Released: 2006-11-29 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> +David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net> +Eduard Bloch <blade@debian.org> +Egmont Koblinger <egmont@uhulinux.hu> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +ioperm.2 + mtk + Clarify discussion of privilege requirements. + Added ENOMEM to ERRORS. + +open.2 + mtk / Eduard Bloch + Clarify description of O_LARGEFILE. + +crypt.3 + Egmont Koblinger + Make description of MD5 output string less ambiguous. + +strerror.3 + Reuben Thomas + Add C99 to CONFORMING TO; see + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=400634 + +rtc.4 + David Brownell + + Update the RTC man page to reflect the new RTC class framework: + + - Generalize ... it's not just for PC/AT style RTCs, and there + may be more than one RTC per system. + + - Not all RTCs expose the same feature set as PC/AT ones; most + of these ioctls will be rejected by some RTCs. + + - Be explicit about when {A,P}IE_{ON,OFF} calls are needed. + + - Describe the parameter to the get/set epoch request; correct + the description of the get/set frequency parameter. + + - Document RTC_WKALM_{RD,SET}, which don't need AIE_{ON,OFF} and + which support longer alarm periods. + + - Hey, not all system clock implementations count timer irqs any + more now that the new RT-derived clock support is merging. + +proc.5 + mtk + s/fseek(3)/lseek(2)/ under /proc/PID/mem entry. + +feature_test_macros.7 + mtk / Eduard Bloch + The LFS spec is now at http://opengroup.org/platform/lfs.html + +raw.7 +udp.7 + Andi Kleen + Describe the correct default for UDP/RAW path MTU discovery. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.44 ==================== + +Released: 2007-04-04 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andre Majorel <aym-naideb@teaser.fr> +Benjamin Gilbert <bgilbert@cs.cmu.edu> +Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belon <carenas@sajinet.com.pe> +Chuck Ebbert <76306.1226@compuserve.com> +Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com> +Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com> +John Ward <jward@idealcorp.com> +Jorge Peixoto de Morais Neto <jorgepeixotomorais@gmail.com> +Julien Blache <jblache@debian.org> +Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Martín Ferrari <martin.ferrari@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> +Nick Pollitt <npollitt@mvista.com> +Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net> +Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com> +Premysl Hruby <dfenze@gmail.com> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> +Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org> +Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com> +Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com> +Timo Sirainen <tss@iki.fi> +Val Henson <val_henson@linux.intel.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New pages +--------- + +termio.7 + mtk, after a bit of prodding by Reuben Thomas + A brief discussion of the old System V termio interface, + with pointers to pages that will contain the information + that the reader probably wants. + +scripts/find_repeated_words.sh + mtk + Find consecutive duplicate words in a man page, some of + which may be grammar errors. + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Justin Pryzby / mtk + Add "#define _ATFILE_SOURCE" to SYNOPSIS in following pages: + faccessat.2 + fchmodat.2 + fchownat.2 + fstatat.2 + futimesat.2 + linkat.2 + mkdirat.2 + mknodat.2 + openat.2 + readlinkat.2 + renameat.2 + symlinkat.2 + unlinkat.2 + mkfifoat.3 + +Various pages + mtk + Various references to "getty" were changed to "mingetty", since + that is the manual page more likely to be found on current systems. + +Various pages + mtk, after a suggestion by Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> + Updated various header pages to accurately reflect which functions + are and are not part of C89. Also fixed/improved a few other + CONFORMING TO entries. + +Various pages + mtk + s/Unices/Unix systems/ on the 5 pages where it appears. + +Various pages + mtk + Wrapped long source lines in the following files + getsockopt.2 + mknodat.2 + io_setup.2 + select_tut.2 + select.2 + readlinkat.2 + io_cancel.2 + syslog.2 + wcsncat.3 + getipnodebyname.3 + cmsg.3 + wcpncpy.3 + wcsrtombs.3 + wcstok.3 + fgetwc.3 + wmemcmp.3 + wcsspn.3 + div.3 + modf.3 + stdio_ext.3 + ctermid.3 + des_crypt.3 + wcsncmp.3 + wmemchr.3 + wcsstr.3 + wmemcpy.3 + wprintf.3 + wcsnrtombs.3 + termios.3 + erf.3 + ceil.3 + lround.3 + nextafter.3 + wcsncpy.3 + wmemset.3 + getw.3 + console_ioctl.4 + sk98lin.4 + environ.7 + unix.7 + time.7 + +Various pages + mtk + Added a SEE ALSO reference for feature_test_macros(7) to all + pages where a feature test macro appears in the SYNOPSIS. + +Various pages + mtk + Added SEE ALSO entry pointing to time.7 + alarm.2 + nanosleep.2 + ualarm.3 + usleep.3 + +Various pages + Justin Pryzby / mtk + Fixed consecutive duplicate word typos on a number of pages. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. (Special thanks to Nicolas François!) + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +access.2 + mtk + Since 2.6.20, access() honors the MS_NOEXEC mount flag. + Jorge Peixoto de Morais Neto / mtk + Improve ENOENT description. + +clone.2 + mtk + Added some detail to the prototype. + Added some notes on IA-64's clone2(). + +epoll_ctl.2 + mtk + Add text to note that EPOLLRDHUP appeared in kernel 2.6.17. + +faccessat.2 + Justin Pryzby + Various fixes as per + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=411177 + * s/effective/real/ in description text. + * added <fcntl.h> to synopsis. + * various other changes. + +getrlimit.2 + mtk / Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova + Added a few words to note that RLIMIT_NPROC is really a limit on + threads. + +io_cancel.2 +io_destroy.2 +io_getevents.2 +io_setup.2 +io_submit.2 + Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova + s%linux/aio.h%libaio.h% in SYNOPSIS. + Changed return type from "long" to "int". + +mbind.2 + Samuel Thibault / mtk + Fix EINVAL description. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=411777 + +mincore.2 + Nick Piggin + Kernel 2.6.21 fixes several earlier bugs in mincore(). + Nick Pollitt + Remove words "of a file" -- mincore() is describing + memory residence information, not properties of a file. + mtk + Rewrote various parts to make the page clearer. + +mmap.2 + mtk + Rewrote and reorganized various parts to be clearer. + Taken from Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova + Removed text stating that mmap() never returns 0; that's + not true. + +mount.2 + mtk / Val Henson + Document MS_RELATIME, new in Linux 2.6.20. + +open.2 + Andre Majorel / mtk + On Linux, the error returned when opening a large file on a + 32-bit system is actually EFBIG, not EOVERFLOW. + +posix_fadvise.2 + Pádraig Brady + Fix RETURN VALUE description: returns error number of failure. + +rename.2 + mtk / Timo Sirainen + Various improvements to DESCRIPTION. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=416012 + +semop.2 + mtk + If sops contains multiple operations, then these are performed + in array order. All Unix systems that I know of do this, + and some Linux applications depend on this behavior. SUSv3 + made no explicit statement here, but SUSv4 will explicitly + require this behavior. + Small rewording of explanation of "atomically". + +signal.2 + Nicolas François + Fix incorrect argument name in DESCRIPTION. + mtk + Small wording improvement. + +socket.2 + Nicolas François + Add reference to ipv6.7 page. + +socketcall.2 + Nicolas François + Fix .TH line. + +splice.2 + Benjamin Gilbert + Fix inconsistent argument names in SYNOPSIS and DESCRIPTION. + +statvfs.2 + mtk + Small wording clarification. + +symlink.2 + mtk / Nicolas François + Removed cryptic text under CONFORMING to referring to + "open(2) and NFS". There is no relevant text in open.2 as + far as I (mtk) can see. + +time.2 + mtk / Reuben Thomas + Remove sentence "gettimeofday() obsoleting time() on 4.3BSD". + This information is old, and probably no longer relevant. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=403888 + +write.2 + mtk, after an idea from a downstream Fedora patch. + Clarified discussion of /count == 0/ case. + +ptrace.2 + Chuck Ebbert + When the parent receives an event with PTRACE_EVENT_* set, + the child is not in the normal signal delivery path. This + means the parent cannot do ptrace(PTRACE_CONT) with a signal + or ptrace(PTRACE_KILL). kill() with a SIGKILL signal can be + used instead to kill the child process after receiving one + of these messages. + +sched_setaffinity.2 + mtk + Fix glibc version number in description of 'cpusetsize' argument. + +vfork.2 + mtk + Stripped some excess/outdated text from the BUGS section. + +basename.3 + mtk / Jorge Peixoto de Morais Neto + Add text to clarify that the pointer returned by these + functions may be into some part of 'path'. + +dlopen.3 + Taken from Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova + + Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belon + Add "#include <stdlib.h>" to example program. + +fclose.3 + mtk + Complete rewrite. The existing page was hard to read, + and the RETURN VALUE description seems to be wrong. + +getopt.3 + mtk + Added getopt() example program. + mtk + Add a few words to clarify the operation of the GNU-specific + double-colon feature, which allows options to have optional + arguments. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=352139 + +glob.3 + Nicolas François + Fix PROTOTYPE. + +inet_network.3 + mtk, after an idea from a downstream Fedora patch. + Clarified description of inet_network(). + +log.3 + Nicolas François + Fix .TH line. + +log10.3 + Nicolas François + Fix .TH line. + +malloc.3 + Nicolas François + Small rewording to mention calloc(). + +posix_openpt.3 + Martín Ferrari + Fix return type in SYNOPSIS; as per + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=400971 + Needs _XOPEN_SOURCE == 600; as per + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=400975 + Julien BLACHE + s/ptsname/posix_openpt/ in RETURN VALUE + +re_comp.3 + Taken from Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova + Add "#define _REGEX_RE_COMP" to SYNOPSIS. + +regex.3 + Nicolas François + Fix .TH line. + +termios.3 + mtk + Added .SS headers to give some structure to this page; and a small + amount of reordering. + mtk + Added a section on canonical and non-canonical mode. + mtk + Enhanced the discussion of "raw" mode for cfmakeraw(). + mtk + Document CMSPAR. + mtk + Make description of PARODD a little clearer. + Reuben Thomas + Add SEE ALSO link to tty_ioctl.4 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO link to console_ioctl.4 + +ualarm.3 + mtk + Removed BSD prototype from synopsis. + Various rewordings. + +usleep.3 + mtk + Removed BSD prototype from synopsis. + Various rewordings. + +termcap.5 + Taken from Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova + s/curses/ncurses/ under SEE ALSO + +bootparam.7 + Taken from Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova + Documented "mem=nopentium". + +feature_test_macros.7 + mtk + The default treatment of _POSIX_C_SOURCE changed in glibc 2.4. + mtk, after a suggestion by Justin Pryzby + Added some text warning that the "__" macros that + <features.h> defines internally should never be + directly defined by programs. + mtk, based on notes by Jakub Jelinek + Document _FORTIFY_SOURCE + (See http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2004-09/msg02055.html ) + mtk + Document _REENTRANT and _THREAD_SAFE. + +mdoc.7 + mtk / Nicolas François + Remove CONFIGURATION section, since this does not seem to be + true for Linux. + +svipc.7 + Nicolas François + Fix data types in associated data structures; + remove nonexistent semzcnt and semncnt fields. + +time.7 + mtk + Since kernel 2.6.20, the software clock can also be 300 HZ. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.45 ==================== + +Released: 2007-04-05 + +Global changes +-------------- + +This release consists mainly of formatting fixes (to a large +number of pages) to achieve greater consistency across pages. +With the exception of the few individual changes noted below, +no changes were made to content. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +io_destroy.2 +io_getevents.2 +io_setup.2 +io_cancel.2 +io_submit.2 + mtk + Clarified RETURN VALUE text + +bindresvport.3 + mtk + Rewrote prototype using modern C syntax. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.46 ==================== + +Released: 2007-04-06 + +Global changes +-------------- + +This release consists mainly of formatting fixes (to a large +number of pages) to achieve greater consistency across pages: + +* Most instances of two or more consecutive blank lines in man + page output were shrunk to a single line. +* A number of example programs were reformatted + to more closely match K&R style. +* In various places (mainly code examples), the use of tabs was + replaced by spaces + +With the exception of the few individual changes noted below, +no changes were made to content. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +bdflush.2 + mtk + Add <sys/kdaemon.h> header file to SYNOPSIS. + +sched_rr_get_interval.2 + mtk + Moved timespec definition from SYNOPSIS into description. + +select_tut.2 + mtk + Make SYNOPSIS match select.2. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.47 ==================== + +Released: 2007-05-04 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> +John Heffner <jheffner@psc.edu> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +This release consists mainly of changes to source file layout +(wrapped long lines; stripped trailing white space; started new +sentences on new lines). + +There is very little change to output formatting or content (see the +notes below). + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +sched_rr_get_interval.2 + mtk + Remove crufty statement that this system call is not implemented. + The nice interval can be used to control the size of + the round-robin quantum. + Corrected .TH line. + +ip.7 + John Heffner / mtk + Document IP_PMTUDISC_PROBE, which will be in 2.6.22. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.48 ==================== + +Released: 2007-05-04 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +This release consists mainly of changes to source file layout +(wrapped long lines; stripped trailing white space; started new +sentences on new lines). + +There is very little change to output formatting or content (see the +notes below). + +Various pages + mtk + In various places where it occurred, + s/nonnegative/non-negative/ + +Various pages + mtk + s/wide character/wide-character/ when used attributively. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +man.7 + Justin Pryzby / Colin Watson / mtk + .SH doesn't require quotes. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=411303 + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.49 ==================== + +Released: 2007-05-20 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp> +Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New pages +--------- + +bsd_signal.3 + mtk + Documentation of bsd_signal(). + +euidaccess.3 + mtk + Manual page for euidaccess() and eaccess(). + +getsubopt.3 + mtk / Justin Pryzby + Documentation of getsubopt(). + +sysv_signal.3 + mtk + Documentation of sysv_signal(). + + +New links +--------- + +epoll_pwait.2 + mtk + New link to epoll_wait.2. + +eaccess.3 + mtk + New link to new euidaccess.3, + +sem_timedwait.3 + mtk + New link to sem_wait.3. + +sem_trywait.3 + mtk + New link to sem_wait.3. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +access.3 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO ref to new euidaccess.3 page. + +epoll_wait.2 + mtk + Added description of epoll_pwait(), new in kernel 2.6.19. + +execve.2 + mtk + Add text noting that Linux allows 'argv' and 'envp' to be + NULL, but warning that this is non-standard and non-portable, + and should be avoided in portable programs. + Bug filed (http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=8408) + to get this changed, but maybe that won't be done because it + is an ABI change. + mtk + Added an example program. + mtk + Expanded the discussion of interpreter scripts and the + 'optional-arg' argument of an interpreter script. + For further info, see + http://homepages.cwi.nl/~aeb/std/hashexclam-1.html + http://www.in-ulm.de/~mascheck/various/shebang/ + mtk + Added text noting that FD_CLOEXEC causes record locks to be + released. + mtk + Mention effect of MS_NOSUID mount(2) flag for set-user-ID + programs. + mtk + Expanded description of handling of file descriptors during + execve(), adding text to note that descriptors 0, 1, and 2 + may be treated specially. + +faccessat.3 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO ref to new euidaccess.3 page. + +mmap.2 + mtk + Place MAP_* flags list in alphabetical order. + +readv.2 + mtk + A fairly substantial rewrite, which among other things + fixes the problem reported by Kyle Sluder in + http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=8399 + And added some example code. + +sigaction.2 + mtk + Added text referring to the discussion of async-signal-safe + functions in signal(7). + A few other minor formatting and wording changes. + +signal.2 + mtk + Moved the discussion of async-signal-safe functions to signal(7). + Added text referring to the discussion of async-signal-safe + functions in signal(7). + Added SEE ALSO entries referring to new bsd_signal.3 and + sysv_signal.3 pages. + +copysign.3 + Bruno Haible + Clarify discussion of negative zero. + +getopt.3 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO ref to new getsubopt.3. + +iconv_open.3 + Bruno Haible + Describe the glibc/libiconv //TRANSLIT and //IGNORE extensions + for 'tocode'. + +iswblank.3 + Bruno Haible + Update CONFORMING TO; iswblank() is in POSIX.1-2001. + +inotify.7 + mtk + Definitions for IN_DONT_FOLLOW, IN_MASK_ADD, and IN_ONLYDIR + were added to glibc in version 2.5. + +signal.7 + mtk + Incorporated (and slightly modified) the text on + async-signal-safe functions that was formerly in signal(2). + Added SEE ALSO entries referring to new bsd_signal.3 and + sysv_signal.3 pages. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.50 ==================== + +Released: 2007-05-21 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andreas Halter <halter@google.com> +Laird Shaw <netocrat@dodo.com.au> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Removed pages (!) +----------------- + +Most Section 1 man pages are removed + mtk (with help from Mike Frysinger, Laird Shaw, Andreas Halter) + Once upon time Andries added a number of Section 1 manual pages + to man-pages. However, since that time, those pages have not + seen much maintenance, and are not in fact distributed in most + distributions. Instead most distributions supply the + coreutils versions of these pages, which are currently + maintained. In addition, man-pages provides the 1p pages, + which document the portable subset of functionality of these + commands. Since the man1 pages are mostly unneeded, and + out of date, I'm removing them. The following pages disappear: + + chgrp.1 + chmod.1 + chown.1 + cp.1 + dd.1 + df.1 + diff.1 + dir.1 + dircolors.1 + du.1 + install.1 + ln.1 + ls.1 + mkdir.1 + mkfifo.1 + mknod.1 + mv.1 + rm.1 + rmdir.1 + touch.1 + vdir.1 + + The following Section 1 pages will be kept: + + intro.1 + ldd.1 + time.1 + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.51 ==================== + +Released: 2007-05-28 + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + mtk + (Hopefully) all cross references outside a page now include a + section number. This should permit better resulting output + from a man2html-type conversion. + +Various pages + mtk + Convert function formatting of the form "\fBname\fP()" to + ".BR name ()". + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +futimesat.2 + mtk + s/futimes/futimesat/ in .SH NAME line. + +msgop.2 + mtk + Put "msgrcv" and "msgsnd" in .SH NAME line. + +mount.2 + mtk + Add "umount2" to .SH NAME line. + +wait.2 + mtk + Add "waitid" to .SH NAME line. + +getopt.3 + mtk + Add "getopt_long" and "getopt_long_only" in .SH NAME line. + +sem_wait.3 + mtk + Add "sem_timedwait" and "sem_trywait" to .SH NAME line. + +stdarg.3 + mtk + Add "va_start", "va_arg", "va_end", "va_copy" to .SH NAME line. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.52 ==================== + +Released: 2007-05-29 + + "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by + little statesmen and philosophers and divines" + + Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) + + "But damn it, these man pages are a mess!" + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Most of the changes below are about bringing greater consistency +to manual pages, including reducing the wide range of .SH +Section headings. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + +Various pages + mtk + Make 'manual' component of .TH line into the string + "Linux Programmer's Manual". + Reason: consistency. + +Various pages + mtk + Changed date in .TH line into form YYYY-DD-MM. + Reason: consistency. + +Various pages + mtk + Some .SH header lines were made into .SS lines. (One of the aims + here is to reduce the number of non-standard .SH lines.) + +Various pages + mtk + Change title .SH sections named "NOTE" to "NOTES", in some cases + also changing the location of the section within the page. + Reason: consistency. + +Various pages + mtk + Commented out .SH AUTHOR sections; the right place for + documentation authorship sections is usually comments at the + top of the page source. + +Various pages + mtk + Changed .SH HISTORY to .SH VERSIONS. + Reason: in many cases, HISTORY was being used to describe + Linux/glibc version information, as was already done for + VERSIONS sections in other pages. + +Various pages + mtk + Removed HISTORY section, or moved it as a subsection or paragraphs + under another section e.g., NOTES. + Reason: there are too many arbitrary section (.SH) names, and + a HISTORY section never was consistently used across Linux + manual pages. + +Various pages + mtk + Moved SEE ALSO section to be last section on the page + Reason: consistency -- and this is where SEE ALSO should be! + +Various pages + mtk + Relocated GLIBC NOTES as subsection under NOTES + Reason: reduce number of arbitrary section (.SH) names. + +Various pages + mtk + Relocated LINUX NOTES as subsection under NOTES + Reason: reduce number of arbitrary section (.SH) names. + +Various pages + mtk + Renamed some "AVAILABILITY" sections to "VERSIONS". + Reason: consistency. + +Various pages + mtk + Renamed some "DIAGNOSTICS" sections to "RETURN VALUE". + Reason: consistency. + +getopt.3 +tzselect.8 + mtk + s/\.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES/.SH ENVIRONMENT/ + Reason: consistency. + +intro.2 +select.2 +sysctl.2 +bsearch.3 +dlopen.3 +envz_add.3 +fmtmsg.3 +getgrent_r.3 +getgrouplist.3 +getpwent_r.3 +getutent.3 +hsearch.3 +rtime.3 +strptime.3 +tsearch.3 +vcs.4 +wordexp.3 + mtk + s/return 0/exit(EXIT_FAILURE)/ in main() of function example + program. + Reason: consistency. + +mprotect.2 +select_tut.2 +dlopen.3 +getgrent_r.3 +getopt.3 +getpwent_r.3 +hsearch.3 +select_tut.2 +tsearch.3 + mtk + Use symbolic constants (EXIT_SUCCESS, EXIT_FAILURE) in calls + to exit(). + Reason: consistency. + +access.2 +chown.2 +lseek.2 +open.2 +read.2 +utmp.5 + mtk + Renamed RESTRICTIONS section to NOTES, or moved text in a + RESTRICTIONS section under existing NOTES section. + Reason: consistency, and reduce number of arbitrary section (.SH) + names. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +capget.2 + mtk + s/\.SH FURTHER INFORMATION/.SH NOTES/ + +dup.2 + mtk + s/\.SH WARNING/.SH NOTES/ + +kill.2 + mtk + Renamed LINUX HISTORY section to LINUX NOTES, and relocated + within page. + +select_tut.2 + mtk + Relocated example program and made its .SH title "EXAMPLE". + +sigaltstack.2 + mtk + Move code example into its own EXAMPLE section. + +sigreturn.2 + mtk + s/\.SH WARNING/.SH NOTES/ + +setuid.2 + mtk + s/\.SH "LINUX-SPECIFIC REMARKS"/.SH LINUX NOTES/ + +shmget.2 + mtk + Remove section about effect of fork()/exec()/exit(); shmop.2 + contains the same text, and it only needs to be said once. + +shmop.2 + mtk + Minor rewording under DESCRIPTION. + +daemon.3 + mtk + Minor wording and formatting changes. + +encrypt.3 + mtk + Removed statement that glibc unconditionally exposes declarations + of encrypt() and setkey(), since portable applications must + use <unistd.h> and define _XOPEN_SOURCE to obtain the declarations + of setkey() and encrypt(). Adjusted example program accordingly. + +mkstemp.3 + mtk + Slight rewording. + +LDP.7 + mtk + Minor wording and formatting changes. + +man.7 + mtk + Substantial rewrite, revising and extending the discussion + about desired conventions for writing pages. + There will be further updates to this page in the next few + man-pages releases. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.53 ==================== + +Released: 2007-05-30 + + "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by + little statesmen and philosophers and divines" + + Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) + + "But damn it, these man pages are a mess!" + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Many many pages + mtk + Reordered sections to be more consistent, in some cases renaming + sections or shifting paragraphs between sections. + +man7/* + mtk + In various pages in this section, .SH headings were + converted to .SS. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.54 ==================== + +Released: 2007-06-07 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Emmanuel Mogenet <emogenet@google.com> +Michael Berg <michaeljberg@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + mtk + Where there is an instruction in the SYNOPSIS about linking + or compiling with a certain option, the option is now + marked up in italics (e.g., "\fI-lm\fP"). + +Various pages + mtk + Added page numbers to page cross references. + +A few pages + mtk + s/manpage/man page/, for consistency. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +New pages +--------- + +man-pages.7 + mtk + A description of the conventions that should be followed + when writing pages for the man-pages package. + +Removed pages +------------- + +man1/README + mtk + Already deleted most of the man1 pages previously, so + this doesn't need to stay. + +LDP.7 + mtk + Removed this page since it is out of date, and the proper place + to go for up-to-date information is http://www.tldp.org/ + +ksoftirq.9 + mtk + Reason: this was the only Section 9 page, and it is old + (Linux 2.4). The man9 section never took off as an idea, and + I see little point in keeping a Section 9 with just a single + old page. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +HOWTOHELP + mtk + Moved some material out of here into new man-pages.7. + +alloc_hugepages.2 + mtk + Minor rewrites, eliminating some duplication, and removing + some outdated text. + +epoll_pwait.2 + Michael Berg + Fix broken link path; + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=425570 + +fcntl.2 + mtk + Remove misleading text about setting O_ASYNC when calling + open(); one must use fcntl() F_SETFL for this task. + +fdatasync.2 + mtk + Converted outdated BUGS note about fdatasync() being + equivalent to fsync() on Linux 2.2 into a NOTES note + about this historical behavior. + +futex.2 + mtk + Small rewording to fix "fails with the error EWOULDBLOCK" + rather than "returns EWOULDBLOCK". + See Red Hat bug 172828. + +mprotect.2 + mtk, after an observation by Emmanuel Mogenet + A much improved example program. + mtk + Significant rewrites and additions to description. + +mremap.2 + mtk + Remove text about the nonexistent BSD mremap() -- too + much information, in my opinion. + +sched_yield.2 + mtk + Added ERRORS section. + +set_mempolicy.2 + mtk + Moved text for "Versions and Library Support". + +set_tid_address.2 + mtk + Small rewording in RETURN VALUE section. + +sigaction.2 + mtk + Add EXAMPLE section with a pointer to example in mprotect.2. + +sync_file_range.2 + mtk + Fix return type in SYNOPSIS. Add RETURN VALUE section. + +atexit.3 + mtk + Small rearrangement of text under NOTES. + +bindresvport.3 + mtk + Rewrite and substantial additional text. + +exec.3 + mtk + Minor clarifications for text on execlp() and execvp(). Removed + FILES section, since it provides no useful additional info. + +fenv.3 + mtk + Moved link instructions from NOTES to SYNOPSIS. + Added feenableexcept, fedisableexcept, fegetexcept + to .SH NAME list. + +fputwc.3 + mtk + Added 'putwc' to .SH NAME list. + +gethostbyname.3 + mtk + s/int/socklen_t/ for type of gethostbyaddr() 'len' argument, + and add a few more words in NOTES about the type used here. + +login.3 + mtk + Removed remark from NOTES about linking with -lutil; add + text on that point to SYNOPSIS. + +openpty.3 + mtk + Removed redundant remark from NOTES about linking with -lutil + since there is text on that point under SYNOPSIS. + +sysconf.3 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO referring to getconf(1). + +unlocked_stdio.3 + mtk + Revised .SH NAME section. + +ascii.7 + mtk + Minor rearrangement of order of text. + +capabilities.7 + mtk + s/exec()/execve(2)/ in various places. + +complex.7 + mtk + Changed "atan(1)" to "atan(1.0)" to prevent some versions of + man2html(1) from mistaking that string as a page cross reference. + +rtnetlink.7 + mtk + Small restructuring to avoid 'cannot adjust line' from man(1). + +ldconfig.8 + mtk + Removed now very out-of-date sentence about need to link shared + libraries with -lc. + +man.7 + mtk + Various text was moved out of this page into the new man-pages.7. + +mdoc.7 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO referring to new man-pages.7. + +mdoc.samples.7 + mtk + A few changes, hopefully done right, to eliminate some + errors to stderr when rendering with man(1). + +rtnetlink.7 + mtk + Shorten a line in table so it fits in 80 columns. + Minor rewording under BUGS. + +tzselect.8 + mtk + Moved EXIT STATUS section. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.55 ==================== + +Released: 2007-06-10 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alexander Taboriskiy <alextab@math-solution.com> +Joey Hess <joeyh@debian.org> +John Reiser <jreiser@bitwagon.com> +Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Serge van den Boom <svdb@stack.nl> +Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> +Xose Vazquez Perez <xose.vazquez@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +clone.2 +getdents.2 +gettid.2 +ioprio_set.2 +llseek.2 +mmap2.2 +modify_ldt.2 +mq_getsetattr.2 +pivot_root.2 +quotactl.2 +readdir.2 +sysctl.2 +syslog.2 +tkill.2 + mtk, after a note by Mike Frysinger + Updated to reflect the fact that the _syscallN() macros + have gone away, + +Several pages + mtk + Change reference to path_resolution.2 to path_resolution.7. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +Moved pages +----------- + +path_resolution.2 has been moved to section 7, thus path_resolution.7 + mtk + Reason: this is an overview page, not one describing as + a specific system call. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +MAINTAINING + mtk, after a note from Xose Vazquez Perez + Added pointer to Red Hat man-pages bugzilla. + mtk + Added a release philosophy note on separating out big + formatting changes into their own release that contains minimal + content changes. + +accept.2 + mtk + Add new EXAMPLE section with pointer to example in bind.2. + +arch_prctl.2 + mtk + Added RETURN VALUE section. + +bind.2 + mtk + Expand example program, and move it to new EXAMPLE section. + Added text pointing to example in getaddrinfo.3. + +cacheflush.2 + mtk + Convert NOTES section to CONFORMING TO and note that + this call is Linux-specific. + Other minor rewordings. + +connect.2 + mtk + Added new EXAMPLE section pointing to example in getaddrinfo.3. + +create_module.2 + mtk + Add ENOSYS error. + +fcntl.2 +flock.2 + mtk + Small rewrite of SEE ALSO text pointing to Documentation/* in + kernel source. + +get_kernel_syms.2 + mtk + Added ERRORS heading + Add ENOSYS error. + +getdtablesize.2 + mtk + Added an ERRORS section. + +getsid.2 + mtk + Added a RETURN VALUE section. + +getpid.2 + mtk + Added an ERRORS section (stating that the calls are + always successful). + +ioctl_list.2 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO reference to ioctl.2. + +listen.2 + mtk + Add new EXAMPLE section with pointer to example in bind.2. + +query_module.2 + Martin (Joey) Schulze + Add ENOSYS error. + +recv.2 + mtk + Added new EXAMPLE section pointing to example in getaddrinfo.3. + +sched_get_priority_max.2 +sched_rr_get_interval.2 +sched_setscheduler.2 +sched_yield.2 + mtk + Modified .TH line + +send.2 + mtk + Added new EXAMPLE section pointing to example in getaddrinfo.3. + +set_tid_address.2 + mtk + Added an ERRORS section (stating that the call is + always successful). + +signal.2 + mtk, after a note from Alexander Taboriskiy + Strengthen warning against the use of signal(). + Added siginterrupt(3) to SEE ALSO list. + mtk + Rewrote various parts; added an ERRORS section. + +socket.2 + mtk + Added new EXAMPLE section pointing to example in getaddrinfo.3. + +stat.2 + mtk + Added EXAMPLE program. + +syscall.2 + mtk + Converted to -man format; some rewrites; added an EXAMPLE. + +sysctl.2 + mtk + Improved the example program. + +getnameinfo.3 + mtk + Add text pointing to example in getaddrinfo.3. + +getaddrinfo.3 + mtk + Add example programs. + Add getnameinfo() to SEE ALSO list. + +memmove.3 + mtk / Serge van den Boom + Clarify discussion of what happens if 'src' and 'dest' overlap. + +regex.3 + Justin Pryzby + Add grep(1) to SEE ALSO list. + +sigpause.3 + mtk after a note from Ulrich Drepper + Clarify discussion of feature test macros that are needed to + expose System V and BSD versions of this function in glibc. + +undocumented.3 + mtk + Removed some functions that have been documented. + +wprintf.2 + Martin (Joey) Schulze + Remove wscanf.3 from SEE ALSO list, since that page does not exist. + +utmp.5 + Joey Hess + Removed outdated note on xdm. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=418009 + Martin (Joey) Schulze + Removed outdated note about Debian and libc5. + +bootparam.7 + Martin (Joey) Schulze + Fix order of commands listed under 'init='. + +hier.7 + Joey Hess + Add /media, remove /dos. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=418234 + +inotify.7 + mtk + Added text describing what happens when the buffer given to + read(2) is too small to return information about the next event, + and noting the behavior change in 2.6.21. + +man-pages.7 + mtk + Added text to note that ERRORS list should be in alphabetical order. + +mdoc.7 +mdoc.samples.7 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO reference to groff_mdoc(7). + +unix.7 + mtk + Added EXAMPLE section with pointer to bind.2 EXAMPLE. + +ld.so.8 + mtk + Simplify text describing --inhibit-rpath. + mtk, after a note by John Reiser + Describe use of $ORIGIN in rpath. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.56 ==================== + +Released: 2007-06-11 + +Global changes +-------------- + +Many pages + mtk + Removed version numbers in .TH lines. + Reason: these were only arbitrarily updated, and so impart no + useful information. Version information goes into a + VERSIONS section nowadays, and the date in the .TH line should + be updated to reflect the date of the last (significant) + change to the page. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.57 ==================== + +Released: 2007-06-17 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Many pages + mtk + Fix section numbers in page cross references. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +access.2 + mtk + Minor wording fixes. + Small clarification of description of 'mode'. + +bind.2 + mtk + Small reworking of EXAMPLE program. + +exit_group.2 + mtk + Minor wording fixes. + +exit.3 + mtk + Added more detail on exit handlers. + Minor wording fixes. + +ioctl.2 + mtk + Remove SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent mt.4. + +modify_ldt.2 + Samuel Thibault / mtk + In Linux 2.6, the 'modify_ldt_ldt_s' structure was renamed + 'user_desc'. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=378668 + mtk + Include definition of 'user_desc' structure. + Minor rewordings. + +mprotect.2 + mtk + Small reworking of EXAMPLE program. + +sigaction.2 + mtk + Removed reference to nonexistent sigsend(2). + +a64l.3 + mtk + Remove SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent itoa.3. + +dysize.3 + mtk + Removed SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent time.3. + +encrypt.3 + mtk + Removed SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent fcrypt.3. + +fmemopen.3 + mtk + Small reworking of EXAMPLE program. + +fpurge.3 + mtk + Remove SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent fclean.3. + +getutent.3 + mtk + s/ttyname(0)/ttyname(STDIN_FILENO)/ in program example. + +vcs.4 + mtk + s/exit(1)/exit(EXIT_FAILURE)/ + +environ.7 + mtk + Correct some section numbers in page cross references. + +man-pages.7 + mtk + Modify requirements for example programs a little. + +uri.7 + mtk + Wrapped long source lines. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.58 ==================== + +Released: 2007-06-24 + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Marc Boyer <marc.boyer@enseeiht.fr> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages, as detailed below + mtk + Added or updated VERSIONS sections. + +killpg.2 +setuid.2 +faccessat.2 +fork.2 +setfsuid.2 +kill.2 +getsid.2 +wait.2 +execve.2 +getpid.2 +setgid.2 +seteuid.2 +setresuid.2 +setfsgid.2 +access.2 +initgroups.3 +euidaccess.3 +tcgetpgrp.3 +path_resolution.7 +capabilities.7 +unix.7 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO link to new credentials.7. + + +New pages +--------- + +credentials.7 + mtk + An overview of Linux process identifiers (PIDs, PPIDs, + PGIDS, SIDs, UIDs, GIDs). + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +bind.2 + mtk + Added some comments to example program. + +getxattr.2 + mtk + VERSIONS: In kernel since 2.4; glibc support since 2.3. + +listen.2 + mtk + Updated discussion of somaxconn limit. + +listxattr.2 + mtk + VERSIONS: In kernel since 2.4; glibc support since 2.3. + +posix_fadvise.2 + mtk + VERSIONS: Glibc support has been provided since version 2.2. + +readahead.2 + mtk + Added VERSIONS section. + +remap_file_pages.2 + mtk + Updated VERSIONS section with text on glibc support. + +removexattr.2 + mtk + VERSIONS: In kernel since 2.4; glibc support since 2.3. + +semop.2 + mtk + Added VERSIONS section with info on semtimedop(). + +setxattr.2 + mtk + VERSIONS: In kernel since 2.4; glibc support since 2.3. + +dl_iterate_phdr.3 + mtk + VERSIONS: Supported since glibc 2.2.4. + +getloadavg.3 + mtk + Added VERSIONS section. + +posix_openpt.3 + mtk + VERSIONS: Supported since glibc 2.2.1. + +printf.3 + mtk after a suggestion by Mike Frysinger + Add text to the introductory part of DESCRIPTION, about the + 'size' argument of snprintf() and vsnprintf(). + +shm_open.3 + mtk + Added VERSIONS section; rewrote info about linking with -lrt. + +strcat.3 + Marc Boyer + Improve the discussion of strncat(). + +strcpy.3 + Marc Boyer + Improve the discussion of strncpy(). + +proc.5 + mtk + Added discussion of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.59 ==================== + +Released: 2007-06-25 + +Global changes +-------------- + +Manual pages are now standardized on American spelling. See +http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_and_British_English_spelling_differences +for more information on the differences. Formerly, different pages (and +sometimes even a single page!) employed American and British spelling +conventions; best to standardize on one spelling, and American English +is the standard in Computer Science. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +man-pages.7 + mtk + Note that man-pages has now standardized on American spelling + conventions. + +execve.2 +getxattr.2 +listxattr.2 +removexattr.2 +setxattr.2 +signal.2 +syscall.2 +aio_cancel.3 +bindresvport.3 +stdarg.3 +charmap.5 +bootparam.7 +ipv6.7 +man.7 +path_resolution.7 +uri.7 +nscd.8 + mtk + Corrected minor spelling/wording mistakes (i.e., changes + independent of fixes for American spelling). + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.60 ==================== + +Released: 2007-06-25 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + mtk + Wrapped lines in some files. + +Various pages + mtk + Change "e.g. " to "e.g., ", or in some cases, "for example, ". + +Various pages + mtk + Change "i.e. " to i.e., ", or in some cases, "that is, ". + +Various pages + mtk + Removed AUTHORS section. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +vfork.2 + mtk + s/w.r.t/with respect to/ + +man-pages.7 + mtk + Strengthened warning against use of AUTHORS section. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.61 ==================== + +Released: 2007-07-01 + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Benno Schulenberg <bensberg@justemail.net> +Florian Ernst <florian_ernst@gmx.net> +Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com> +Jeff Schroeder <jeffschroeder@computer.org> +Joey (Martin) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Loïc Minier <lool@dooz.org> +Michael Gehring <mg@ebfe.org> +Serge van den Boom <svdb@stack.nl> +Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com> +Stepan Kasal <kasal@ucw.cz> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + mtk + substitute `\\0' by '\\0'. + +Various pages + mtk + s/`/'/ when the thing being quoted is a character. + +accept.2 +bind.2 +connect.2 +getsockopt.2 +listen.2 +socket.2 +socketpair.2 + mtk after a note by Martin (Joey) Schulze + Add NOTES paragraph noting that <sys/types.h> isn't required by + POSIX.1-2001 or Linux, but was required on some implementations. + +accept.2 +getsockname.2 +recv.2 +vm86.2 +send.2 +getgrouplist.3 +memmem.3 +nsswitch.conf.5 +putenv.3 +wprintf.3 + mtk + Replace form `...' with \fI...\fP where the enclosed string + is a pathname, type name, or argument name. + +A few files + mtk + s/process' /process's/ + +gets.3 +qsort.3 +getaddrinfo.3 +rpc.3 +ungetwc.3 +wcsnrtombs.3 +capabilities.7 + mtk + Add section number to page cross references. + +time.1 +bind.2 +pivot_root.2 +sysctl.2 + mtk + Reordered .SH sections. + +full.4 +mouse.4 +random.4 +sd.4 + mtk + Made CONFIG/CONFIGURING heading ==> CONFIGURATION + +time.1 +console_codes.4 +random.4 +sk98lin.4 +charmap.5 +ftpusers.5 +bootparam.7 +charsets.7 +glob.7 +mq_overview.7 +unicode.7 +uri.7 +utf-8.7 + mtk + Reformatted headings + + +New pages +--------- + +backtrace.3 + mtk, with input from Justin Pryzby and Stefan Puiu + Documents backtrace(), backtrace_symbols(), and + backtrace_symbols_fd(). + + +New links +--------- + +backtrace_symbols.3 +backtrace_symbols_fd.3 + mtk + Links to backtrace.3. + +__clone.2 + Stepan Kasal + Link to clone.2. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +Makefile + Serge van den Boom + Fix setting of 'prefix' macro. + +eval.1p + Benno Schulenberg + Fix bad text (concatenated line). + +chdir.2 + mtk + Fixed description of EACCES error. + Added sentence defining "current working directory". + Other minor wording changes. + +cfree.3 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO section. + +clone.2 + mtk + s/clone2/__clone2/. + +fdatasync.2 + mtk + Minor wording changes. + +fork.2 + Alain Portal + Fix small wording error. + +gethostid.2 + Stefan Puiu / mtk + Add NOTES on what happens if gethostid() can't open /etc/hostid. + +idle.2 + mtk + Made NOTES text into a VERSIONS section, since that's what it + really describes. + +ioperm.2 + mtk + Minor wording changes. + +intro.2 + mtk + Rewrite to reflect the fact that the _syscallN + macros are no longer available. + +io_cancel.2 + mtk + Add "Link with -laio" to SYNOPSIS. + +io_destroy.2 + mtk + Add "Link with -laio" to SYNOPSIS. + +io_getevents.2 + mtk + Add "Link with -laio" to SYNOPSIS. + +io_setup.2 + mtk + Add "Link with -laio" to SYNOPSIS. + +io_submit.2 + Ivana Varekova + Fix include in SYNOPSIS. + mtk + Add "Link with -laio" to SYNOPSIS. + +ipc.2 + mtk + Add semtimedop() to SEE ALSO. + Note that some architectures don't have ipc(2); instead + real system calls are provided for shmctl(), semctl(), etc. + +killpg.2 + mtk + Minor wording changes. + +listen.2 + mtk + Added <sys/types.h> to SYNOPSIS. + +sched_setscheduler.2 + mtk + Add NOTES para about permissions required to call + sched_setscheduler() on other systems. + +select.2 + mtk + Noted that 'timeout' can also be changed if select() is + interrupted by a signal. + +setup.2 + mtk + Remove reference to _syscall0() macro. + +shmop.2 + mtk + Changed text for EINVAL error. + +socketcall.2 + mtk + Add recvmsg() and sendmsg() to SEE ALSO. + Note that some architectures don't have socketcall(2); instead + real system calls are provided for socket(), bind(), etc. + +swapon.2 + Ivana Varekova / mtk + Update text for EPERM error describing the maximum number of + swap files. (From downstream Fedora patch.) + +write.2 + mtk + Added details about seekable files and file offset. + Noted that write() may write less than 'count' bytes, and + gave some examples of why this might occur. + Noted what happens if write() is interrupted by a signal. + Minor wording changes. + +__setfpucw.3 + mtk + Added a CONFORMING TO section; other minor edits. + +confstr.3 + mtk + Minor rewrites in code example. + +ctime.3 + Justin Pryzby + Make SEE ALSO refer to timegm.3 + +daemon.3 + mtk + Small wording change. + +dl_iterate_phdr.3 + Michael Gehring + Comment was missing closing "*/". + +dlopen.3 + mtk + Formatting changes, and minor rewordings. + mtk, after a note by Serge van den Boom + Add a comment explaining the need for the rather + strange cast of the return value of dlsym(). + +fpclassify.3 + mtk + Add "isinf" to NAME section. + +getgrouplist.3 + mtk + Minor rewording. + +getline.3 + mtk + Minor rewording, and note that '*n* is ignored + if '*lineptr' is NULL. + +malloc.3 + Ivana Varekova / mtk + Update description of MALLOC_CHECK_ to include description + for value 3. (From downstream Fedora patch.) + +netlink.3 + mtk + Added a CONFORMING TO section; other minor edits. + +openpty.3 + mtk + Minor changes to SYNOPSIS. + +program_invocation_name.3 + mtk + Shortened page title to INVOCATION_NAME. + +rtnetlink.3 + mtk + Added a CONFORMING TO section; other minor edits. + +scanf.3 + Florian Ernst + Fix duplicated word "the". + (Really fix http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=412467 !) + +select_tut.3 + mtk + Small wording change. + +setnetgrent.3 + mtk + Added a CONFORMING TO section. + +sigpause.3 + mtk + Added a CONFORMING TO section. + +strftime.3 + Just Pryzby + Small wording fix. + mtk + Note use of "gcc -Wno-format-y2k" to avoid the "`%c' yields only + last 2 digits of year in some locales" warning. + +strstr.3 + mtk + Add "strcasestr" to NAME section. + +syslog.3 + mtk + Small wording change. + + +termios.3 + mtk + Reformat SYNOPSIS. + Added a CONFORMING TO section. + +timegm.3 + mtk + Small wording changes. + +ulimit.3 + mtk + Remove erroneous text saying that glibc does not provide + <ulimit.h>; it does. + +initrd.4 + mtk + Various reformattings. + +core.5 + mtk + Added a sentence noting why core dumps named "core.PID" were useful + with LinuxThreads. + +bootparam.7 + mtk + Fix capitalization in .SS headings. + +epoll.7 + mtk + Language clean ups. + +feature_test_macros.7 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO section. + +mq_overview.7 + mtk + Reformatted headings; minor rewrites. + +sem_overview.7 + mtk + Reformatted headings; minor rewrites. + +socket.7 + Loïc Minier <lool@dooz.org> + Document argument type for SO_REUSEADDR. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=255881 + +uri.7 + mtk + Wrap long line in SYNOPSIS. + +ldconfig.8 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO section. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.62 ==================== + +Released: 2007-07-09 + +This release consists solely of formatting fixes. There are no changes +to content. + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Stepan Kasal <kasal@ucw.cz> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Many many pages + mtk + Many many formatting fixes. + +man[013]p/* + Stepan Kasal + Add section number to .TH line for POSIX pages in man[013]p. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.63 ==================== + +Released: 2007-07-16 + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com> +Eduardo M. Fleury <efleury@br.ibm.com> +Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Marc Boyer <marc.boyer@enseeiht.fr> +Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org> +Martin Röhricht <martin@roehricht.info> +Patrick Mansfield <patmans@us.ibm.com> +Pierre Habouzit <madcoder@debian.org> +Stepan Kasal <kasal@ucw.cz> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +gettimeofday.2 +madvise.2 +msgctl.2 +select.2 +semctl.2 +shmctl.2 +syslog.2 +stat.2 +a64l.3 +printf.3 +termios.3 +xdr.3 +sd.4 + mtk + Minor wording changes. + +obsolete.2 +syscall.2 +unimplemented.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO reference to syscalls.2. + + +New pages +--------- + +sgetmask.2 + mtk + A real man page for sgetmask(2) and ssetmask(2). + (This page replaces a previous link of the same name, which + linked to signal.2.) + +spu_create.2 + Arnd Bergmann with additional work by Eduardo M. Fleury and mtk + Document the PowerPC SPU spu_create() system call. + (Originally taken from the kernel source file + Documentation/filesystems/spufs.txt.) + +spu_run.2 + Arnd Bergmann with additional work by Eduardo M. Fleury and mtk + Document the PowerPC SPU spu_run() system call. + (Originally taken from the kernel source file + Documentation/filesystems/spufs.txt.) + +spufs.7 + Arnd Bergmann with additional work by Eduardo M. Fleury and mtk + Document the PowerPC SPU file system. + (Originally taken from the kernel source file + Documentation/filesystems/spufs.txt.) + + +Removed Pages +------------- + +__clone.2 + mtk + This file was created by accident in 2.61, as a copy of clone.2. + (it should have been a link to clone.2.) + +obsolete.2 + mtk + Details on this page are covered in syscalls.2 and in + respective syscall man pages (stat.2, uname.2). + +undocumented.2 + mtk + This page is very out of date, and in any case difficult + to maintain. Information about undocumented system calls + is maintained in the HOWTOHELP file, and probably in other + places soon. + +killpg.3 + mtk + This rather incomplete page seems unnecessary since there + is a killpg.2. + + +New links +--------- + +chown32.2 +fchown32.2 +getegid32.2 +geteuid32.2 +getgid32.2 +getgroups32.2 +getresgid32.2 +getresuid32.2 +getuid32.2 +lchown32.2 +setfsgid32.2 +setfsuid32.2 +setgid32.2 +setgroups32.2 +setregid32.2 +setresgid32.2 +setresuid32.2 +setreuid32.2 +setuid32.2 + mtk + Added as link to corresponding page without "32". + +fcntl64.2 +fstat64.2 +fstatat64.2 +fstatfs64.2 +ftruncate64.2 +getdents64.2 +lstat64.2 +pread64.2 +pwrite64.2 +sendfile64.2 +stat64.2 +statfs64.2 +truncate64.2 + mtk + Added as link to corresponding page without "64". + +__clone2.2 +clone2.2 + mtk + Links to clone.2. + +ugetrlimit.2 + mtk + Link to getrlimit.2. + +mq_notify.2 +mq_open.2 +mq_timedreceive.2 +mq_timedsend.2 +mq_unlink.2 + mtk + Added as links to corresponding section 3 pages. + +fadvise64.2 +fadvise64_64.2 + mtk + Links to posix_fadvise.2. + +rt_sigaction.2 +rt_sigpending.2 +rt_sigprocmask.2 +rt_sigtimedwait.2 + mtk + Added as link to corresponding page without "rt_" prefix. + +rt_sigqueueinfo.2 + mtk + Link to sigqueue.2. + +madvise1.2 +tuxcall.2 +vserver.2 + mtk / Ivana Varekova + Link to unimplemented.2. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +access.2 + mtk + Fairly substantial rewrites of various parts, + and a few additions. + +chmod.2 + mtk + Update SYNOPSIS to reflect the fact that fchmod(2) needs + either "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500" or "#define _BSD_SOURCE". + +chown.2 + mtk + Update SYNOPSIS to reflect the fact that fchmod(2) and lchown(2) + need either "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500" or "#define _BSD_SOURCE". + Added an example program. + +killpg.2 + mtk + Note that killpg() is actually a library function on Linux. + +mmap.2 + mtk + Added note that glibc mmap() wrapper nowadays invokes mmap2(). + +mmap2.2 + Ivana Varekova / mtk + On most platforms the unit for 'offset' is 4096 bytes, not + the system page size. + mtk + Rewrote NOTES to note that glibc mmap() wrapper nowadays + invokes this system call. + mtk + Added an EXAMPLE program. + +oldfstat.2 +oldlstat.2 +oldstat.2 + mtk + Changed link to point to stat.2 (instead of obsolete.2). + +olduname.2 +oldolduname.2 + mtk + Changed link to point to uname.2 (instead of obsolete.2). + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Martin Röhricht + Added _GNU_SOURCE to SYNOPSIS. + +semctl.2 + mtk + Remove reference discussion of ipc(2), since none of the + other System V IPC pages mention ipc(2). + +semop.2 + mtk + Add an example code segment. + +shmctl.2 + mtk + Add svipc(7) to SEE ALSO list. + +sigaction.2 + mtk + Reformatted tables as lists; other minor reformattings and + wording changes. + +sigqueue.2 + mtk + Added info on rt_sigqueueinfo(2). + +sigwaitinfo.2 + mtk + Noted that sigwaitinfo() is a library function implemented on + top of sigtimedwait(). + +ssetmask.2 + mtk + Make this link point to new sgetmask.2 instead of signal.2. + +stat.2 + mtk + Add notes on the different system call interfaces that + have appeared over time. + +syscalls.2 + mtk + A fairly substantial rewrite of this page, + bringing it up to date with the current + kernel version, and listing all system calls + in tabular form. + +uname.2 + mtk + Add notes on the different system call interfaces that + have appeared over time. + +unimplemented.2 + mtk + Add vserver, madvise1 to NAME line. + Removed SEE ALSO reference to obsolete.2. + Ivana Varekova + Add tuxcall to NAME line. + +mktemp.3 + Patrick Mansfield + Fix description of return value. + +strcat.3 + Marc Boyer + Minor fix to example program. + +undocumented.3 + mtk + Add section numbers to function names; remove some functions + since they are documented. + +proc.5 + mtk + Update/correct text on /proc/malloc. + mtk, after a note by Pierre Habouzit, and a few comments by Justin Pryzby + Update description of /proc/PID/stat to match 2.6.21. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=417933 + +inotify.7 + mtk + IN_DONT_FOLLOW and IN_ONLYDIR are only available from 2.6.15. + +signal.7 + Stepan Kasal / mtk + Note SIGRTMIN value depends on glibc. + mtk + Various rewrites and additions to the text in real-time signals. + Add SEE ALSO reference to sgetmask.2. + +svipc.7 + mtk + Add ipc(2) to SEE ALSO. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.64 ==================== + +Released: 2007-07-27 + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Aleksandr Koltsoff <czr@iki.fi> +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +INFINITY.3 +_exit.2 +a64l.3 +abs.3 +acct.2 +acosh.3 +addseverity.3 +adjtime.3 +asinh.3 +atanh.3 +atoi.3 +brk.2 +cbrt.3 +cfree.3 +chdir.2 +chmod.2 +chown.2 +clearenv.3 +clock_getres.3 +clone.2 +confstr.3 +copysign.3 +ctermid.3 +ctime.3 +daemon.3 +dirfd.3 +div.3 +drand48.3 +drand48_r.3 +dysize.3 +ecvt.3 +ecvt_r.3 +erf.3 +euidaccess.3 +exp2.3 +expm1.3 +fdatasync.2 +ferror.3 +fexecve.3 +fgetgrent.3 +fgetpwent.3 +finite.3 +flockfile.3 +fopen.3 +fpclassify.3 +fsync.2 +futimes.3 +fwide.3 +gamma.3 +gcvt.3 +getcwd.3 +getdate.3 +getdirentries.3 +getdomainname.2 +getdtablesize.2 +getgrent.3 +getgrent_r.3 +getgrouplist.3 +getgroups.2 +gethostbyname.3 +gethostid.2 +gethostname.2 +getlogin.3 +getmntent.3 +getpagesize.2 +getpw.3 +getpwent.3 +getpwent_r.3 +getpwnam.3 +getsid.2 +getspnam.3 +gettimeofday.2 +getumask.3 +getusershell.3 +gsignal.3 +hypot.3 +inet.3 +initgroups.3 +insque.3 +isalpha.3 +iswblank.3 +j0.3 +kill.2 +killpg.2 +lgamma.3 +lockf.3 +log1p.3 +log2.3 +logb.3 +longjmp.3 +lrint.3 +lround.3 +madvise.2 +mbsnrtowcs.3 +memfrob.3 +mincore.2 +mkdtemp.3 +mknod.2 +mkstemp.3 +mktemp.3 +nan.3 +nanosleep.2 +nextafter.3 +nice.2 +on_exit.3 +perror.3 +posix_memalign.3 +posix_openpt.3 +printf.3 +profil.3 +psignal.3 +putenv.3 +putpwent.3 +qecvt.3 +rand.3 +random.3 +rcmd.3 +readahead.2 +readlink.2 +realpath.3 +remainder.3 +remquo.3 +rexec.3 +rint.3 +round.3 +rpmatch.3 +scalb.3 +scandir.3 +scanf.3 +seekdir.3 +select.2 +sem_wait.3 +semop.2 +setbuf.3 +setenv.3 +seteuid.2 +setjmp.3 +setnetgrent.3 +setpgid.2 +setresuid.2 +setreuid.2 +sigaltstack.2 +siginterrupt.3 +significand.3 +sigqueue.2 +sigvec.3 +sigwaitinfo.2 +sockatmark.3 +stat.2 +stime.2 +strdup.3 +strerror.3 +strsep.3 +strtod.3 +strtok.3 +strtol.3 +strtoul.3 +symlink.2 +sync.2 +syscall.2 +syslog.3 +tcgetsid.3 +telldir.3 +tempnam.3 +termios.3 +tgamma.3 +timegm.3 +toascii.3 +trunc.3 +truncate.2 +ttyslot.3 +tzset.3 +ualarm.3 +unlocked_stdio.3 +unshare.2 +usleep.3 +vfork.2 +vhangup.2 +wait.2 +wait4.2 +wcscasecmp.3 +wcsncasecmp.3 +wcsnlen.3 +wcsnrtombs.3 +wcswidth.3 +wordexp.3 +wprintf.3 + mtk + Added/updated feature test macro requirements for + glibc; see feature_test_macros.7 for details. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +mq_notify.2 +mq_open.2 +mq_timedreceive.2 +mq_timedsend.2 +mq_unlink.2 + mtk + Fix broken link + +setpgid.2 + mtk + Fairly substantial changes and corrections, including adding + coverage of all of the interfaces that get/set PGIDs. + +syscalls.2 + mtk / aeb + Various rewordings; clear up some imprecisions. + +lgamma.3 + mtk + Added 'signgam' to SYNOPSIS and NAME line. + +strerror.3 + mtk + Note that the XPG version is provided since glibc 2.3.4. + The page formerly said that the GNU-specific version + is provided by default. That certainly isn't true + nowadays, since _POSIX_C_SOURCE is set to 200112L by + default, so that the XSI-compliant version is supplied + by default. + +man-pages.7 + mtk + Added note pointing to feature_test_macros.7 for a description + of how feature test macro requirements should be specified in + manual pages. Various other minor fixes and changes. + +feature_test_macros.7 + mtk + Added note about how feature test macros are specified + in manual pages. + Many other corrections, improvements, additions, and + details about differences across glibc versions. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.65 ==================== + +Released: 2007-09-17 + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Aleksandr Koltsoff <czr@iki.fi> +Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> +Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org> +Ari Entlich <lmage11@twcny.rr.com> +Carsten Emde <Carsten.Emde@osadl.org> +François Diakhate <diakhate@enseirb.fr> +Geoff Clare <gclare@gclare.org.uk> +Jon Burgess <jburgess777@googlemail.com> +Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org> +Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com> +Mats Wichmann <mats.d.wichmann@intel.com> +Maxime Bizon <mbizon@freebox.fr> +Maxime Vaudequin <maxime.vaudequin@gmail.com> +Michael Prokop <mika@grml.org> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net> +Nicolas George <nicolas.george@ens.fr> +Paul Brook <paul@nowt.org> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org> +Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com> +Tolga Dalman <tdalman@project-psi.org> +Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> +Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + +Various pages + mtk + Use 'glibc' consistently to refer to GNU C library. + +Various pages + mtk + Order errors under ERRORS alphabetically. + +Various pages + Nicolas François + Spelling and formatting fixes, as per + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=439560 + +intro.2 +select.2 +fmtmsg.3 +getgrent_r.3 +envz_add.3 +rtime.3 +strptime.3 +wordexp.3 + Maxime Vaudequin + Add "#include <stdlib.h>" (to declare exit(3)) to example program. + + +New pages +--------- + +timeradd.3 + mtk + Description of timeradd(), timersub(), timerclear(), + timerisset(), timercmp() macros for operating on + struct timeval. + + +Removed pages +------------- + +fdatasync.2 + mtk + Somehow, over time, material on fdatasync(2) crept into + fsync.2, and fdatasync also got added to the NAME section + of fsync.2. All of the material in fdatasync.2 that was + not already in fsync.2 has now been moved there, and + the former page has been removed. + In place of the content there, is now a link to fsync.2. + + +New links +--------- + +clock_getres.2 +clock_gettime.2 +clock_settime.2 + mtk + Link to man3/clock_getres.3. + +fdatasync.2 + mtk + Link to fsync.2. + +fdopendir.3 + mtk + Link to opendir.3. + +gethostbyaddr_r.3 + Mats Wichmann + Link to gethostbyaddr.3. + +timerclear.3 +timercmp.3 +timerisset.3 +timersub.3 + mtk + Links to new timeradd.3. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +Makefile + Mike Frysinger + Make the install target of man-pages respect the standard + "DESTDIR" variable as well as check the exit status of the + install command so errors aren't ignored. + +get_mempolicy.2 + Lee Schermerhorn + changed the "policy" parameter to "mode" through out the + descriptions in an attempt to promote the concept that the memory + policy is a tuple consisting of a mode and optional set of nodes. + + added requirement to link '-lnuma' to synopsis + + rewrite portions of description for clarification. + + added all errors currently returned by sys call. + + removed cautionary note that use of MPOL_F_NODE|MPOL_F_ADDR + is not supported. This is no longer true. + + added mmap(2) to SEE ALSO list. + +getitimer.2 + mtk + Since kernel 2.6.22, Linux setitimer() now conforms to POSIX.1, + giving an EINVAL error for a non-canonical tv_usec value. + +gettimeofday.2 + mtk + Replace discussion of timer* macros with a pointer + to new page timeradd.3. + +ioctl_list.2 + Nicolas George + Fixed argument type for BLKGETSIZE. + +mbind.2 + Lee Schermerhorn + + changed the "policy" parameter to "mode" throughout the + descriptions in an attempt to promote the concept that the memory + policy is a tuple consisting of a mode and optional set of nodes. + + rewrite portions of description for clarification. + + clarify interaction of policy with mmap()'d files and shared + memory regions, including SHM_HUGE regions. + + defined how "empty set of nodes" specified and what this + means for MPOL_PREFERRED. + + mention what happens if local/target node contains no + free memory. + + clarify semantics of multiple nodes to BIND policy. + Note: subject to change. We'll fix the man pages when/if + this happens. + + added all errors currently returned by sys call. + + added mmap(2), shmget(2), shmat(2) to SEE ALSO list. + +mmap.2 +mprotect.2 + François Diakhate + Add text noting that PROT_WRITE may (and on x86 does) + imply PROT_READ. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=441387 + +nfsservctl.2 + Aleksandr Koltsoff + Fix prototype. + +oldfstat.2 +oldlstat.2 +oldstat.2 + mtk + Fix broken link + +prctl.2 + mtk + Update arches/kernel versions for PR_SET_UNALAIGN / PR_GET_UNALIGN. + +readahead.2 + mtk + Removed SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent fadvise.2. + +reboot.2 + mtk + Place SYNOPSIS comments inside C comments (/* ... */). + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Samuel Thibault + Note what thread is affected if 'pid' is specified + as 0, or as the value returned by getpid(). + +sched_setscheduler.2 + Carsten Emde + Add text on real-time features of mainline Linux kernel. + +select_tut.2 + mtk + sync SYNOPSIS with select.2 + +set_mempolicy.2 + Lee Schermerhorn + + changed the "policy" parameter to "mode" throughout the + descriptions in an attempt to promote the concept that the memory + policy is a tuple consisting of a mode and optional set of nodes. + + added requirement to link '-lnuma' to synopsis + + rewrite portions of description for clarification. + + clarify interaction of policy with mmap()'d files. + + defined how "empty set of nodes" specified and what this + means for MPOL_PREFERRED. + + mention what happens if local/target node contains no + free memory. + + clarify semantics of multiple nodes to BIND policy. + Note: subject to change. We'll fix the man pages when/if + this happens. + + added all errors currently returned by sys call. + + added mmap(2) to SEE ALSO list. + +sigaction.2 + mtk + s/si_sign/si_errno/ in statement about which field is unused. + Ari Entlich + s/SIGILL/SIGCHLD/ for paragraph describing SIGCHLD. + +stat.2 + mtk + Improve text describing underlying system calls. + +swapon.2 + Michael Prokop + EINVAL also occurs if target path is on tmpfs or similar. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=435885 + +sync.2 + mtk + Incorporated material from now deleted fdatasync.2. + +syscall.2 + mtk + Small fix in example program. + +uname.2 + mtk + Improve text describing underlying system calls. + +utime.2 + Vincent Lefevre / mtk + Clarify utimes() behaviour when 'times' is NULL. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=431480 + mtk + Other minor clarifications of description of utimes(). + +copysign.3 + Vincent Lefevre + s/sign/sign bit/ to remove ambiguity in description. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=435415 + +euidaccess.3 + mtk + Changed NOTES to VERSIONS. + +ffsl.3 + mtk + Add ffsl and ffsll to NAME line. + +fts.3 + mtk + Removed statement that fts functions are expected to appear + soon in POSIX; it's years old and has not yet come to pass. + +ftw.3 + mtk / Geoff Clare + Fixes/improvements for example program. + +getdate.3 + mtk + Add getdate_r to NAME section. + +getaddrinfo.3 + mtk / Geoff Clare + Fixes/improvements for example program. + +gethostbyaddr.3 + Mats Wichmann + Add documentation for gethostbyaddr_r(). + Plus a few other small fixes. + +gethostbyname.3 + mtk + Add gethostbyname2, gethostbyname2_r, gethostbyname_r, + gethostent_r to NAME line. + +getmntent.3 + mtk + Fix misnamed function references. + +getopt.3 + Jon Burgess + Fix small error in example program. + +getrpcent.3 + mtk + Add setrpcent and endrpcent to NAME line. + +gsignal.3 + Aleksandr Koltsoff + Fix gsignal() prototype. + +hsearch.3 + mtk + Add hcreate_r, hdestroy_r, hsearch_r to NAME line. + +inet.3 + Maxime Bizon + Correct definition of "struct in_addr". + +isatty.3 + mtk + Minor wording fix. + +isgreater.3 + mtk + Add islessequal to NAME line. + +lgamma.3 + Vincent Lefevre + Fix CONFORMING TO section. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=417592 + +log1p.3 + mtk + Add log1pf and log1pl to NAME line. + +longjmp.3 + Paul Brook / mtk + After a call to longjmp(), the values of modified, non-volatile + variables in the function that called setjmp() are unspecified. + +makecontext.3 + Aleksandr Koltsoff + Fix makecontext() prototype. + +malloc.3 + mtk / Tolga Dalman + Explain what happens for malloc(0), or calloc() where one of the + arguments is 0. + mtk + Added notes on malloc()'s use of sbrk() and mmap(). + mtk + Add mmap(2), alloca(3) to SEE ALSO. + +mq_close.3 +mq_getattr.3 +mq_notify.3 +mq_open.3 +mq_receive.3 +mq_send.3 +mq_unlink.3 + mtk + Add "Link with -lrt." to SYNOPSIS. + +opendir.3 + Ulrich Drepper; some edits and additional text by mtk + Document fdopendir(). + +readdir.3 + mtk, after a note by Andi Kleen + Document DT_* constants for d_type. + Ulrich Drepper / mtk + Rework discussion of non-standard structure fields. + +sem_wait.3 + mtk + Minor improvements to example program. + +syslog.3 + mtk + Add vsyslog to NAME section. + +termios.3 + Nicolas François + Fix XCASE feature test macro description. + +wcsspn.3 + Aleksandr Koltsoff + Add return type to prototype. + +proc.5 + mtk + Improve description of num_threads field under /proc/PID/stat. + Maxime Vaudequin + Fix path error (s%proc/sys%proc/sys/kernel%) in mentions of + /proc/sys/ostype, /proc/sys/osrelease and proc/sys/version. + Maxime Vaudequin + I noticed things to correct and to clarify in subsection + "/proc/filesystems" of proc.5: + - clarify filesystems listing: not only FS compiled + into the kernel, also FS kernel modules currently loaded + - add a reference to fs(5) + - add an explanation for FS marked with "nodev" + - s/mount(1)/mount(8)/, also corrected in section "SEE ALSO" + - clarify usage by mount: the current wording may lead to + think /proc/filesystems is always used by mount when no FS + is specified. So, usage of "may" which IMHO is more + appropriate + additional explanations + In mount(8) we can see: + + If no -t option is given, or if the auto type is + specified, mount will try to guess the desired type. + If mount was compiled with the blkid library, the + guessing is done by this library. Otherwise, mount + guesses itself by probing the superblock; if that + does not turn up anything that looks familiar, + mount will try to read the file /etc/filesystems, + or, if that does not exist, /proc/filesystems. + All of the filesystem types listed there will be + tried, except for those that are labeled "nodev" + (e.g., devpts, proc and nfs). If /etc/filesystems + ends in a line with a single * only, mount will + read /proc/filesystems afterwards. + Samuel Thibault + Since linux 2.6.11, /proc/stat has an eighth value for cpu + lines: stolen time, which is the time spent in other operating + systems when running in a virtualized environment. + +arp.7 + Updated BUGS text referring to jiffies; refer to time.7 instead. + +credentials.7 + mtk + Add words to note that file system ID is Linux specific. + +hier.7 + Maxime Vaudequin + This is some corrections for hier.7: + - missing period for /media and /mnt + - /mnt description is not totally correct, it is true for some + distributions but in others /mnt is used as a temporary FS + mount point, as it is specified by FHS: + http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html#MNTMOUNTPOINTFORATEMPORARILYMOUNT + - s/X-Windows/X-Window/ (3 occurrences) + - section "SEE ALSO": s/mount(1)/mount(8)/ + +man-pages.7 +man.7 +mdoc.7 +mdoc.samples.7 + mtk / Nicolas François + Nowadays tmac.XXX are called XXX.tmac. + +pthreads.7 + mtk + Update text about modern threading implementations + (NPTL vs LinuxThreads). + +socket.7 + mtk, after a note by Andi Kleen + Clarify that SO_SNDTIMEO and SO_RCVTIMEO only have effect for + socket I/O calls; not for multiplexing system calls like + select() and poll(). + +time.7 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO reference to new timeradd.3. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.66 ==================== + +Released: 2007-10-01 + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Amit K. Arora <aarora@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com> +Fredrik Noring <noring@nocrew.org> +Mats Wichmann <mats.d.wichmann@intel.com> +Maxime Vaudequin <maxime.vaudequin@gmail.com> +Ollie Wild <aaw@google.com> +Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +places. + + +New pages +--------- + +fallocate.2 + David Chinner, with some input from Amit Amora and mtk + Describes the fallocate() system call, new in 2.6.23. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +close.2 + Fredrik Noring + Add text cautioning about use of close() in + multithreaded programs. + +execve.2 + Ollie Wild / mtk + Add text describing limit on total size of argv + envp, + and changes that occurred with 2.6.23. + mtk + Add getopt(3) to SEE ALSO list. + +open.2 + mtk, Acked by Ulrich Drepper + Added description of O_CLOEXEC (new in 2.6.23) + other + minor fixes for O_DIRECT. + +recv.2 + mtk + Added description of MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC (new in 2.6.23). + +sysctl.2 + mtk + Strengthened the warning against using this system call + and note that it may disappear in a future kernel version. + +rpc.3 + Mats Wichmann + Fix type definition for 'protocol' in prototypes of pmap_set() + and pmap_getport(). + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.67 ==================== + +Released: 2007-10-08 + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> +Andrew Josey <a.josey@opengroup.org> +Maxime Vaudequin <maxime.vaudequin@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +*.1p +*.3p + mtk, after a note by Andi Kleen and consultation with Andrew Josey. + Add a PROLOG section: + This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. + The Linux implementation of this interface may differ + (consult the corresponding Linux manual page for details + of Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented + on Linux. + +*.0p +*.1p +*.3p + mtk + Some formatting fixes, mostly to get rid of unwanted + spaces before "," in formatted output. + +* +*/* + mtk + Change all occurrences of my email address in man-pages source + to my new gmail address. + +Many many pages + Maxime Vaudequin + I noticed useless use of macros with alternating formatting + (".IR" instead ".I" which suffices, ".BR" instead ".B", etc.) + because there is only one element. For example in ldconfig.8: + + -.BR /sbin/ldconfig + +.B /sbin/ldconfig + + This is not very important, it only makes the sources more tidy. + To find these I used: + + egrep '^\.(B[RI]|R[IB]|I[RB]) ([^ ]+|\"[^\"]\+\")$' + + And if you want to make these changes, you can use: + + sed 's/^\(\.[BRI]\)[BRI]\( \([^ ]\+\|\"[^\"]\+\"\)\)$/\1\2/g' + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.68 ==================== + +Released: 2007-11-19 + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +A. Costa <agcosta@gis.net> +Andrew McDonald <andrew@mcdonald.org.uk> +Geoff Clare <gclare@gclare.org.uk> +Heikki Orsila <shd@modeemi.cs.tut.fi> +Hyokyong Kim <hyokyong@ppj.kr> +Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com> +Justin Pryzby <jpryzby+d@quoininc.com> +Maxime Vaudequin <maxime.vaudequin@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net> +Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Timo Juhani Lindfors <timo.lindfors@iki.fi> +Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +faccessat.2 +fchmodat.2 +fchownat.2 +fstatat.2 +futimesat.2 +linkat.2 +mkdirat.2 +mknodat.2 +readlinkat.2 +renameat.2 +symlinkat.2 +mkfifoat.3 + mtk, after http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=445436 + by Timo Juhani Lindfors + Added <fcntl.h> to SYNOPSIS. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. + + +New pages +--------- + +_syscall.2 + mtk + Created as a new page, by taking the content specific to + the _syscall() macros from intro(2). + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +README + mtk + Brought up to date. + +man-pages-*-Announce + mtk + Brought the info in here up to date. + +intro.1 + mtk + Added intro paragraph about section, plus a paragraph + about exit status values. + Move "user intro" text to NOTES. + +get_mempolicy.2 + mtk + Reorder ERRORS sections alphabetically + +intro.2 + mtk + Pretty much a complete rewrite, covering some additional topics. + Moved _syscallN() material to new _syscall(2) page. + +mbind.2 + mtk + Reorder ERRORS sections alphabetically + +mmap.2 + Maxime Vaudequin + Fix syntax error in example program. + +prctl.2 + mtk + Linux 2.6.22 added support on Alpha for PR_SET_UNALIGN. + +ptrace.2 + Nicolas François / mtk + s/PTRACE_POKEUSR/PTRACE_POKEUSER/ + s/PTRACE_PEEKUSR/PTRACE_PEEKUSER/ + +read.2 + mtk / Geoff Clare + Add text describing timerfd EINVAL error for read(2). + +set_mempolicy.2 + mtk + Reorder ERRORS sections alphabetically + +syscall.2 + mtk + Added _syscall(2) and intro(2) to SEE ALSO section. + +syscalls.2 + mtk + Added fallocate(2); removed timerfd(2). + +sysinfo.2 + mtk + Removed reference to example in intro(2). + +dlopen.3 + mtk + Added "Link with -ldl." to SYNOPSIS. + +getaddrinfo.3 + Ulrich Drepper / mtk + Remove references to getipnodebyname.3 and getipnodebyaddr.3. + +gethostbyname.3 + mtk / Ulrich Drepper + Remove SEE ALSO references to getipnodebyname.3 and + getipnodebyaddr.3. + + Pádraig Brady / mtk / Ulrich Drepper + Point out that the functions described on this page + are made obsolete by getaddrinfo(3) and getnameinfo(3). + +getipnodebyname.3 + mtk + Clarify that glibc does not implement these functions. + +glob.3 + Ulrich Drepper / mtk + Fix description of GLOB_ONLYDIR. + mtk + Added description of GLOB_TILDE_NOMATCH. + Expanded the description of various flags. + Various wording fixes.. + +intro.3 + mtk + Pretty much a complete rewrite, covering some additional topics. + +posix_fallocate.3 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO referring to fallocate.2. + +rpc.3 + Sam Varshavchik + Add some arg declarations to prototypes; fix typos. + +setbuf.3 + Mike Frysinger + Fix text in BUGS section. + +sigset.3 + mtk + The sigset() bugs were fixed in glibc 2.5. + See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=1951 + +intro.4 + mtk + Minor rewrites. + +st.4 + Maxime Vaudequin + Various small corrections, formattings and modifications. + +elf.5 + Mike Frysinger + Document: + - new p_flag: PT_GNU_STACK + - new sections: .gnu.version .gnu.version_d .gnu.version_r + .note.GNU-stack + - new structures: ElfN_Verdef ElfN_Verdaux ElfN_Verneed + ElfN_Vernaux + +intro.5 + mtk + Minor rewrites. + +proc.5 + Ivana Varekova / mtk + Add text noting that since kernel 2.6.16, /proc/slabinfo is + only available if CONFIG_SLAB is enabled. + Maxime Vaudequin + Update description of /proc/pci. + Maxime Vaudequin + Give italic formatting to file names in proc.5. + mtk + The display type of the /proc/PID/stat fields changed + %lu to %u in Linux 2.6.22: + flags + rt_priority + policy + +slabinfo.5 + Ivana Varekova / mtk + Add text noting that since kernel 2.6.16, /proc/slabinfo is + only available if CONFIG_SLAB is enabled. + +intro.6 + mtk + Minor rewrites. + +bootparam.7 + Maxime Vaudequin + Update references to files in kernel "Documentation" directory. + +intro.7 + mtk + Minor rewrites. + +ipv6.7 + Andrew McDonald + Fix description of IPV6_ROUTER_ALERT option. + +standards.7 + mtk + Note online location of C99 standard. + +intro.8 + mtk + Some rewrites, plus new paragraph on exit status values. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.69 ==================== + +Released: 2007-12-03 + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Adam Borowski <kilobyte@angband.pl> +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> +David Härdeman <david@hardeman.nu> +Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org> +Luke Browning <lukebr@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Mats Wichmann <mats.d.wichmann@intel.com> +Maxime Vaudequin <maxime.vaudequin@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +*.[013]p + mtk + Many whitespace clean-ups in formatted output. + +mprotect.2 +bind.2 +mq_notify.3 +makecontext.3 +fmemopen.3 + David Härdeman / mtk + Rename error handling function in example program + (s/die/handle_error/). + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. + + +Removed pages +------------- + +HOWTOHELP +MAINTAINING + mtk + The content of these files is now available in HTML format. + +New links +--------- + +cfsetspeed.3 + mtk + Link to termios.3. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +time.1 + Alain Portal + Added "Linux User's Manual" to .TH line. + +_syscall.2 + aeb / mtk + Remove outdated text about pointer blocks for syscalls that have + more than 5 arguments. + +fcntl.2 + J. Bruce Fields + Add warning that mandatory locking is unreliable. + J. Bruce Fields + Clarify details in description of file leases. + J. Bruce Fields / mtk + Minor wording edits. + J. Bruce Fields + Add F_GETLEASE under RETURN VALUE. + +mmap.2 + mtk + Handle errors using a custom handle_error() macro. + +sched_setscheduler.2 + Mats Wichmann + Add BUGS text noting that the return value from Linux + sched_setschuler() does not conform to POSIX. + +spu_create.2 + Jeremy Kerr + Various updates and improvements. + Luke Browning + Refinement of text describing a "gang". + mtk + Minor edits. + +spu_run.2 + Jeremy Kerr + Various updates and improvements. + mtk + Minor edits. + +err.3 + mtk + Remove HISTORY section. + +fopen.3 + Mike Frysinger + Document 'e' (close-on-exec) option, new in glibc 2.7. + +getloadavg.3 + Alain Portal / mtk + Remove HISTORY section. + +printf.3 + Andries E. Brouwer / mtk + Fix the discussion of stdarg macros in the description of + vprintf() description. + +sem_wait.3 + mtk + Handle errors using a custom handle_error() macro. + +sigsetops.3 + Mats Wichmann + Note that sigset_t objects must be initialized + with sigemptyset() or sigfillset() before the other + macros are employed. + +termios.3 + mtk, after a note by Alain Portal + Added cfsetspeed() to SYNOPSIS. Added text under CONFORMING TO + noting that cfsetspeed() is BSD specific. + +ttyslot.3 + Alain Portal + Various references to "getty" were changed to "mingetty", since + that is the manual page more likely to be found on current + systems. (Completes changes that were made in man-pages-2.44.) + +initrd.4 + mtk, after a note by Alain Portal + Move "Configuration" section to top of page (like other + section 4 pages) and make it a .SH section. + +full.4 + mtk + Re-ordered CONFIGURATION section to go before DESCRIPTION. + +sk98lin.4 + Maxime Vaudequin + Fix reference to kernel Documentation file. + +elf.5 + mtk + Renamed HISTORY section to NOTES, and removed BSD specific info. + +proc.5 + Maxime Vaudequin + Mention grub(8) in same sentence as lilo(8). + Maxime Vaudequin + Improve description of /proc/sys/abi and + /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe. + +utmp.5 + Alain Portal + Various references to "getty" were changed to "mingetty", since + that is the manual page more likely to be found on current + systems. (Completes changes that were made in man-pages-2.44.) + +iso_8859-2.7 + Adam Borowski + Reverse the 2.68 change applied by mtk in response to + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=445085 + that replaced "Sorbian" with "Serbian". + (Sorbian is a language of 50000 people in Brandenburg.) + +man-pages.7 + mtk + Added CONFIGURATION to list of "standard" section names. + +spufs.7 + Jeremy Kerr + Various updates and improvements. + mtk + Minor edits. + +tcp.7 + Maxime Vaudequin + Fix reference to kernel Documentation file. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.70 ==================== + +Released: 2007-12-06 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Many pages + mtk + Remove section numbers for page references where the + reference refers to the page itself. (This stops man2html + producing links from a page back to itself.) + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +get_mempolicy.2 + mtk + Add CONFORMING TO section. + +io_getevents.2 + mtk + Remove redundant SEE ALSO entry. + +mbind.2 + mtk + Add CONFORMING TO section. + +msgop.2 + mtk + Remove redundant SEE ALSO entries. + +sigprocmask.2 + mtk + Remove redundant SEE ALSO entry. + +splice.2 + mtk + Remove redundant SEE ALSO entry. + Add SEE ALSO referring to vmsplice(2). + +csin.3 + mtk + Remove redundant SEE ALSO entry. + Add SEE ALSO referring to ccos(3). + +gethostbyname.3 + mtk + Add gethostbyaddr_r to NAME section. + +rint.3 + mtk + Remove redundant SEE ALSO entry. + +sigsetops.3 + mtk + Minor rewording. + +epoll.7 + mtk + Minor rewording. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.71 ==================== + +Released: 2007-12-14 + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +John Sigler <linux.kernel@free.fr> +Josh Triplett <josh@freedesktop.org> +Mats Wichmann <mats.d.wichmann@intel.com> +Pascal MALAISE <malaise@magic.fr> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +err.3 +fts.3 +getloadavg.3 +queue.3 +rcmd.3 +rexec.3 +stdin.3 +elf.5 +operator.7 + mtk + Replaced the use of mdoc macros on these pages with man + macros. The only pages in man-pages that still use + mdoc macros are mdoc.7 and mdoc.samples.7. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. + + +Deleted pages +------------- + +TODO + mtk + This information is now on the website. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +Changes.old + mtk + Reformat various change log entries to use a consistent format. + Expand Debian bug report numbers to be URLs. + Other minor tidy-ups. + +fcntl.2 + mtk + Document the F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC operation, which is + new in kernel 2.6.24. + +listen.2 + Josh Triplett + Fix incorrect path for somaxconn. + +getpw.3 + Alain PORTAL + Add ENOENT error to ERRORS. + +sysconf.3 + Mats Wichmann + Add documentation of _SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF and _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN. + +tty.4 + John Sigler + Add tty_ioctl(4) to SEE ALSO list. + +regex.7 + Pascal MALAISE <malaise@magic.fr> + Separate text on back references from that describing basic regexps, + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=379829. + mtk + Remove crufty text about word boundaries. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.72 ==================== + +Released: 2007-12-14 + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Alex Tuninga <atuninga@google.com> +Bert Wesarg <bert.wesarg@googlemail.com> +Maxime Vaudequin <maxime.vaudequin@gmail.com> +Rob Weryk <rjweryk@uwo.ca> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Alain PORTAL / mtk + Format include files consistently (".I <.*\.h>"). + +Various pages + Alain PORTAL / mtk + Format pathname in italics (.I). + +dbopen.3 +mpool.3 +recno.3 + Alain PORTAL + Remove brackets ([]) around error names. + +console.4 +tty.4 +ttyS.4 +issue.5 +ttytype.5 +utmp.5 + mtk / Maxime Vaudequin + Some systems have mingetty(8), others have agetty(8), so both + should be mentioned when we are talking about getty-style programs. + + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. + + +Renamed pages +------------- + +filesystems.5 + mtk / Alain PORTAL + Was previously fs.5 + + +New links +--------- + +argz.3 + Bert Wesarg / mtk + Link to argz_add.3. + +envz.3 + Bert Wesarg / mtk + Link to envz_add.3. + +fs.5 + mtk / Alain PORTAL + Link to filesystems.5. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +readahead.2 + Rob Weryk + Fix declaration of 'offset' in SYNOPSIS. + +seteuid.2 + mtk + s/SETGUID/SETEUID/ in .TH line. + +__setfpucw.3 + mtk + Fixed include files references / formatting. + +abort.3 + mtk, after a note by Alex Tuninga + A fairly significant rewrite to clarify operation of abort(). + +argz_add.3 + Bert Wesarg / mtk + s/envz/envz_add/ in SEE ALSO. + +basename.3 + mtk + s/DIRNAME/BASENAME/ in .TH line, and swap function names + in NAME section. + +envz_add.3 + Bert Wesarg / mtk + s/argz/argz_add/ in SEE ALSO. + +flockfile.3 + mtk + s/LOCKFILE/FLOCKFILE/ in .TH line. + +getgrent_r.3 + mtk + s/GETGRENT/GETGRENT_R/ in .TH line. + +stdio.3 + Sam Varshavchik + Reformat function list at end of page as a proper table. + +ttyslot.3 + Maxime Vaudequin + Revert earlier s/getty/mingetty/. This page talks about + historical behavior, and that means "getty(8)". + +undocumented.3 + mtk + Remove reference to "obstack stuff"; it's not clear what + that is about. + +console_ioctl.4 + mtk + s/CONSOLE_IOCTLS/CONSOLE_IOCTL/ in .TH line. + +proc.5 + mtk + s/fs (5)/filesystems (5)/ + +man-pages.7 + mtk / Alain PORTAL + Improve discussion of formatting of file names. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.73 ==================== + +Released: 2007-12-14 + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Alain PORTAL + Formatting fixes. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +mknod.2 + mtk, after a report by Reuben Thomas + Clarify use of mkfifo() versus mknod(). + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=455825 + +fgetgrent.3 + mtk + Small rewording. + +fgetpwent.3 + mtk + Small rewording. + +rcmd.3 + mtk + Noted feature test macro requirements. + BUGS: noted that iruserok() is not declared in glibc headers. + +filesystems.5 + mtk + Added Reiserfs, XFS, JFS to list of file systems. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.74 ==================== + +Released: 2007-12-20 + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> +David Brown <lkml@davidb.org> +Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org> +Mats Wichmann <mats.d.wichmann@intel.com> +Sam Morris <sam@robots.org.uk> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Alain PORTAL + Formatting fixes. + +Various pages + mtk / Alain Portal + s/``...''/"..."/ + +Various pages + mtk + s/epoch/Epoch/ + +Various pages + mtk + Make the standard indent for code samples, shell session + logs, etc. to be ".in +4n". + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +_syscall.2 + mtk + Nowadays there is _syscall6() also. + +chroot.2 + mtk + Various minor formatting changes. + +epoll_wait.2 + mtk + Fix types in structs. + Formatting fixes. + +mount.2 + mtk, after a note by Sam Morris + Clarify that MS_NODIRATIME provides a subset of the + functionality provided by MS_NOATIME. + +sched_setaffinity.2 + mtk + Minor rearrangement of text. + +select_tut.2 + mtk + Fix (my) typos in argument names. + Formatting fixes. + +spu_create.2 + Jeremy Kerr + We can use context FDs for the dirfd argument to the *at() syscalls. + +times.2 + mtk, after a note from David Brown and Andrew Morton + http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=119447727031225&w=2 + Rework the text describing the return value to be closer + to the requirements of POSIX.1; move Linux details + to NOTES and add a warning not to rely on those details. + Add a warning about the -1 to -4095 bug which results + in a 41 second window where the glibc wrapper will wrongly + return -1 indicating an error. + mtk + Remove cruft HZ text. + Clarify text describing return value of clock(3). + +getw.3 + Mats Wichmann + CONFORMING TO: getw() and putw() were in SUSv2, but are not + in POSIX.1-2001. + +hash.3 + mtk / Alain Portal + Minor rewordings + formatting fixes. + +st.4 + Alain Portal / mtk + Many formatting fixes. + mtk + Place ERRORS in alphabetical order. + +vcs.4 + Samuel Thibault + Document VT_GETHIFONTMASK (new in 2.6.18) and add to example program; + attribute/text characters are in the host byte order. + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=456437 + mtk + Minor edits. + +bootparam.7 + Alain PORTAL + Formatting fixes. + +inotify.7 + mtk + Minor heading changes and reformattings. + +man-pages.7 + mtk + Note that code segments, structure definitions, shell session + logs, should be indented by 4 spaces. + +spufs.7 + Jeremy Kerr + Add a little information about the differences to mbox. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.75 ==================== + +Released: 2008-01-08 + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> +Andreas Henriksson <andreas@fatal.se> +Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org> +Justin Pryzby <jpryzby+d@quoinic.com> +Phil Endecott <spam_from_debian_bugs_4@chezphil.org> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com> +Timo Sirainen <tss@iki.fi> +Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + mtk + (Grammatical) hyphenation was fixed in many places. + +epoll_wait.2 +mbind.2 +spu_run.2 +ecvt.3 +fmtmsg.3 +getnameinfo.3 +rtc.4 +proc.5 +charsets.7 +ip.7 +ipv6.7 +raw.7 +uri.7 + Justin Pryzby / mtk + Fix incorrect usage of "a" and "an" before following vowel / + consonant, by reviewing the output of the following scripts: + + for a in $(wc */*.? | awk '$1 > 10 {print $4}' | gv total); do + echo $a + MANWIDTH=4000 man -l $a 2>/dev/null | + egrep '(^| )an [^aeiou][a-z]' + done | less + + for a in $(wc */*.? | awk '$1 > 10 {print $4}' | gv total); do + echo $a + MANWIDTH=4000 man -l $a 2>/dev/null | + egrep '(^| )a [aeiou][a-z]' + done| less + +err.3 +fts.3 +queue.3 +rcmd.3 +rexec.3 +stdin.3 +elf.5 + mtk, after a note by Alain Portal + Improve macros used in 2.71 to convert from "mdoc" to "man". + +_exit.2 +chroot.2 +getgid.2 +getpid.2 +getrusage.2 +getsid.2 +gettid.2 +getuid.2 +iopl.2 +kill.2 +personality.2 +pivot_root.2 +ptrace.2 +sched_setparam.2 +sched_setscheduler.2 +sched_yield.2 +seteuid.2 +setgid.2 +setpgid.2 +setresuid.2 +setreuid.2 +setuid.2 +unlink.2 +wait.2 +openpty.3 +raise.3 +setlogmask.3 +sleep.3 +ttyslot.3 +ulimit.3 +tty.4 +tty_ioctl.4 +path_resolution.7 + mtk + s/current process/calling process/ + +cacheflush.2 +clone.2 +fcntl.2 +getitimer.2 +getrlimit.2 +mmap.2 +mprotect.2 +times.2 +adjtime.3 +byteorder.3 +inet.3 +offsetof.3 +rtc.4 +icmp.7 +pipe.7 +time.7 + mtk + s/x86/i386/ since that is the name used in 'arch' directories + in the kernel source, and previously both i386 and x86 were both + used in man pages; also nowadays 'x86' is somewhat ambiguous, + since it is the name of the 'arch' directory for i386 and x86-64. + +conj.3 +cacos.3 +cacosh.3 +cabs.3 +carg.3 +casin.3 +casinh.3 +catan.3 +catanh.3 +ccos.3 +ccosh.3 +cexp.3 +cimag.3 +clog.3 +cosh.3 +creal.3 +csin.3 +csinh.3 +ctan.3 +ctanh.3 +sinh.3 +tanh.3 + mtk + Various reformattings. + +Various pages + Alain Portal + Formatting fixes. + +mlock.2 +mprotect.2 +mpool.3 +offsetof.3 + Alain Portal + Format SYNOPSIS in a manner consistent with other pages. + +Various pages + mtk / Alain Portal + Format casts so that there is a non-breaking space after the + type, and remove unnecessary parentheses around the casted value. + Thus, for example, the following: + + .IR "(size_t) (\-1)" . + + becomes: + + .IR "(size_t)\ \-1" . + +Various pages + mtk / Alain Portal + Replace "-" by "\-" where a real dash is required. + +Various pages + mtk + Make the formatting of instances of '*varname' consistent, changing + instances such as: + + .RI * varname + + to: + + .I *varname + +pciconfig_read.2 +nfsservctl.2 +bstring.3 +cpow.3 +getipnodebyname.3 +getpwnam.3 +getrpcent.3 +lsearch.3 +malloc_hook.3 +mpool.3 +stdin.3 +strtol.3 +strtoul.3 +unlocked_stdio.3 +regex.3 +sd.4 +resolv.conf.5 +utmp.5 +futex.7 + mtk + Format SYNOPSIS consistently. + +drand48.3 +drand48_r.3 +flockfile.3 +erf.3 +sigvec.3 +timeradd.3 +wprintf.3 + mtk, after a note by Alain Portal + Standardize sentence used under "Feature Test Macro Requirements" + when referring to all functions shown in the SYNOPSIS. + +get_kernel_syms.2 +getdents.2 +getitimer.2 +nanosleep.2 +query_module.2 +statvfs.2 +clock_getres.3 +getaddrinfo.3 +getgrent.3 +getipnodebyname.3 +console_ioctl.4 +tty_ioctl.4 +rtnetlink.7 + mtk + Indent structure definitions by +4n. + +recv.2 +btree.3 +dbopen.3 +ether_aton.3 +fts.3 +hash.3 +mpool.3 +profil.3 +rcmd.3 +recno.3 +rpc.3 +xdr.3 +console_ioctl.4 +ddp.7 +ip.7 +ipv6.7 +svipc.7 + mtk + Use C99 standard types in declarations. + s/u_long/unsigned long/ + s/ulong/unsigned long/ + s/u_char/unsigned char/ + s/u_short/unsigned short/ + s/ushort/unsigned short/ + s/u_int8_t/uint8_t/ + s/u_int16_t/uint16_t/ + s/u_int32_t/uint32_t/ + s/u_int/unsigned int/ + +exit_group.2 +fallocate.2 +getdents.2 +ioctl_list.2 +nfsservctl.2 +sched_setaffinity.2 +set_tid_address.2 +ustat.2 +argz_add.3 +confstr.3 +envz_add.3 +getline.3 +getpwnam.3 +gets.3 +getw.3 +inet_ntop.3 +inet_pton.3 +offsetof.3 +console_ioctl.4 +termcap.5 +ascii.7 +feature_test_macros.7 +netlink.7 +operator.7 +svipc.7 + mtk + Fix unbalanced .nf/.fi pairs. + +chmod.2 +getxattr.2 +listxattr.2 +lseek.2 +removexattr.2 +setxattr.2 +stat.2 +feature_test_macros.7 +fpathconf.3 +fopen.3 + + mtk + Rename argument: s/file*des/fd/ , since that is the name most + commonly used on man pages for a file descriptor argument. + +bindresvport.3 +des_crypt.3 +getopt.3 +getrpcent.3 +realpath.3 +rpc.3 +xdr.3 + mtk + Removed .SM macros. + +madvise.2 +getdirentries.3 +printf.3 +sigvec.3 + mtk + Remove extraneous .br macro before/after .SH/.SS. + +_syscall.2 +lookup_dcookie.2 +aio_cancel.3 +aio_error.3 +aio_fsync.3 +aio_read.3 +aio_return.3 +aio_write.3 +canonicalize_file_name.3 +envz_add.3 +getgrouplist.3 +getttyent.3 +key_setsecret.3 +mtrace.3 +tcgetpgrp.3 +tcgetsid.3 +ttyslot.3 +tty_ioctl.4 + mtk + Remove extraneous .sp macros. + +fcntl.2 +outb.2 +send.2 +syscalls.2 +getopt.3 +proc.5 +man-pages.7 +standards.7 +tcp.7 + mtk + Remove/replace extraneous .sp macros. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +_syscall.2 + mtk + Nowadays there are seven macros (see 2.74 change log also). + +arch_prctl.2 + mtk, Acked by Andi Kleen + Clarify interpretation of 'addr'; plus a few other minor edits + and updates. + +bind.2 + mtk + Minor rewrites. + +close.2 + mtk + Clarify relationship between file descriptor and open file + description. + +connect.2 + mtk, Acked by Andi Kleen + Since kernel 2.2, AF_UNSPEC for unconnecting a connected + socket *is* supported. + +execve.2 + Alain Portal + Minor rewordings. + +futimesat.2 + Alain Portal + Remove duplicate "#include <fcntl.h>" from SYNOPSIS. + +getgid.2 + mtk + Add getresgid(2) and credentials(7) to SEE ALSO. + +getpagesize.2 + mtk + Small rewording. + +getresuid.2 + mtk + Rewrote various parts. + +getuid.2 + mtk + Add getresuid(2) and credentials(7) to SEE ALSO. + +ioctl_list.2 + Alain Portal + Use proper tables for layout, and various formatting fixes. + mtk + Various formatting fixes. + +listen.2 + mtk + Rewrote various parts. + +mbind.2 + Andi Kleen / mtk / Alain Portal + Modify explanation of EINVAL 'maxnode' error. + +mmap.2 + mtk + Add comma to clarify meaning of a sentence. + +open.2 + mtk + Clarify initial description of O_EXCL. + Clarify description of behaviors of O_CREAT | O_EXCL + for symbolic links. + Clarify text describing use of lockfiles without O_EXCL. + mtk, with input from Timo Sirainen and Trond Myklebust + O_EXCL is supported on NFSv3 and later, with Linux 2.6 and later. + +pipe.2 + mtk + Rename 'filedes' argument 'pipefd'. + +pivot_root.2 + mtk + s/cwd/current working directory/ + +seteuid.2 + mtk + Minor changes. + +setpgid.2 + mtk + Add credentials(7) to SEE ALSO, and updated copyright credits, + to reflect my rewrite of a few months ago. + +setsid.2 + mtk + Add getsid(2) and credentials(7) to SEE ALSO. + +spu_create.2 + Alain Portal / mtk; acked by Jeremy Kerr + Minor formatting/wording changes. + mtk + Put EPERM in right alphabetical position in ERRORS list. + +argz_add.3 + mtk + Formatting fixes. + +atexit.3 + mtk + Minor changes to example program. + +cerf.3 + mtk + These functions are still not present as at glibc 2.7. + +dbopen.3 + Alain Portal / mtk + Various minor spelling and formatting fixes. + +envz_add.3 + mtk + Formatting fixes. + +fexecve.3 + mtk + Fix placement of feature test macro in SYNOPSIS. + +fmax.3 +fmin.3 + mtk + Small rewording. + +getline.3 + mtk + Minor changes to example program. + +getrpcent.3 +getrpcport.3 + mtk + Use modern C prototypes in SYNOPSIS. + +getutent.3 + Alain Portal / mtk + Formatting fixes. + +mbsnrtowcs.3 +mbsrtowcs.3 +mbstowcs.3 + mtk + Use .IP tags to create properly formatted lists. + +rpc.3 + mtk + Convert function declarations to use modern C prototypes. + Add text and start of page describing header files + and types required by functions. + Reformat discussion of request under clnt_control(). + +xdr.3 + mtk + Convert function declarations to use modern C prototypes. + Remove crufty "int empty" from xdrrec_eof() description. + +console_codes.4 + Phil Endecott + Relocate misplaced line: + "and if LF/NL (new line mode) is set also a carriage return;" + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=458338. + +console_ioctl.4 + mtk + Formatting fixes. + +bootparam.7 + mtk, after a note by Alan Portal + Fix reference to kernel documentation source file in the + "The Sound Driver" subsection. + +man-pages.7 + Alain Portal + Move CONFIGURATION description after SYNOPSIS description. + mtk / Alain Portal + Note that header files should be surrounded by angle brackets (<>). + +posixoptions.7 + mtk + Minor formatting and wording fixes. + +rtnetlink.7 + Andreas Henriksson + Fix description of RTM_F_EQUALIZE. + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=458325. + +signal.7 + mtk + Minor formatting and wording fixes. + +socket.7 + mtk + Small rewording of discussion of O_ASYNC. + +spufs.7 + mtk / Jeremy Kerr / Alain Portal + s/SPE/SPU/ + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.76 ==================== + +Released: 2008-01-14 + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belon <carenas@sajinet.com.pe> +Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +longjmp.3 +printf.3 +scanf.3 +setbuf.3 +setjmp.3 +sk98lin.4 +environ.7 + mtk + Rework/remove use of ".ad" macros. + +ioctl_list.2 +mlock.2 +mprotect.2 +mremap.2 +syslog.2 +cfree.3 +mpool.3 +offsetof.3 +rpc.3 +stdin.3 + mtk + Fix unbalanced quotes in formatting macros. + +ftok.3 + mtk + s/i-node/inode/, for consistency with other pages and POSIX.1-2001. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +chown.2 + mtk + Minor wording change. + +dup.2 + mtk + Reordered text in DESCRIPTION and added some details for dup2(). + +open.2 + Trond Myklebust / mtk + Minor fix to O_EXCL changes in previous release. + +gettid.2 + mtk + Rewrote DESCRIPTION; noted that thread ID is not the same + thing as a POSIX thread ID. + +pipe.2 + mtk + Rewrote DESCRIPTION; minor additions to EXAMPLE text. + +umask.2 + mtk + A few rewrites and additions. + +strptime.3 + Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belon / mtk + Add "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE" to example program. + +initrd.4 + mtk + Use quotes more consistently in formatting macros. + +random.4 + mtk, after a report by Daniel Kahn Gilmor + Add 2.6 details for /proc/sys/kernel/random/poolsize. + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=459232. + +pthreads.7 + mtk + Minor changes. + +spufs.7 + mtk / Jeremy Kerr + Define abbreviation "MSS". + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.77 ==================== + +Released: 2008-01-31 + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Pavel Heimlich <tropikhajma@seznam.cz> +Phil Endecott <phil_vonar_endecott@chezphil.org> +Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com> +Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.org> +WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +stdarg.3 +bootparam.7 + Thomas Huriaux + Fix broken use of single quotes at start of line, + as per: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=462636 + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. + +New pages +--------- + +remove_COLOPHON.sh + mtk + Script to remove the COLOPHON section from the man pages provided + as command-line arguments. This is useful to remove the COLOPHON + sections from all of the man pages in two different release trees + in order to do a "diff -ruN" to see the "real" differences + between the trees. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +fcntl.2 + mtk + Replace tables with .TP macros. + +fork.2 + mtk + Added discussion of directory streams. + Removed "#include <sys/types>" from SYNOPSIS. + Changed authorship notice. + +futex.2 + mtk + Add ENOSYS error to errors. + Phil Endecott + Explicitly describe return value in the event of an error. + +inotify_add_watch.2 + mtk + Minor wording changes. + +splice.2 + WANG Cong + Fix types for 2 and 4 arguments in splice prototype. + +wait.2 + Phil Endecott + Clarify description of return value for WNOHANG. + +tkill.2 + mtk + Rewrote DESCRIPTION; emphasized that tkill() is obsoleted by + tgkill(). + +alloca.3 + mtk + Change description in NAME section. + Various rewrites and additions (including notes on longjmp() and + SIGSEGV). + mtk / Vincent Lefevre + Weaken warning against use of alloca(), and + point out some cases where it can be useful; + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=461100. + +bootparam.7 + Pavel Heimlich + Remove junk line. + +inotify.7 + mtk + Replace tables with .TP macros. + s/MultiSource Synchronization/MultiSource Synchronization (MSS)/ + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.78 ==================== + +Released: 2008-02-15 + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org> +Greg Banks <gnb@melbourne.sgi.com> +Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru> +Phil Endecott <phil_vonar_endecott@chezphil.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +sigaction.2 +signal.2 +sigwaitinfo.2 +signal.7 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO entry referring to new signalfd.2 page. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. + + +New pages +--------- + +eventfd.2 + mtk, with input and review from Davide Libenzi + Documents the eventfd() system call, new in 2.6.22. + +signalfd.2 + mtk, with input and review from Davide Libenzi + Documents the signalfd() system call, new in 2.6.22. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +futex.2 + mtk / Phil Endecott + Improve wording describing error returns. + +open.2 + Greg Banks + Greatly expand the detail on O_DIRECT. + +reboot.2 + mtk / Michael Tokarev + Fix RETURN VALUE description: in some cases reboot() does not + return. + mtk + Rename the 'flag' argument to 'cmd', since that is more meaningful, + and also what is used in the kernel source. + Other minor wording changes. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.79 ==================== + +Released: 2008-03-07 + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Chris Heath <chris@heathens.co.nz> +Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org> +Fernando Luis Vázquez Cao <fernando@oss.ntt.co.jp> +Heikki Orsila <shdl@zakalwe.fi> +Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Lasse Kärkkäinen <tronic@trn.iki.fi> +Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Ron Burk <ronburk@gmail.com> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org> +Walter Harms <WHarms@bfs.de> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. + + +New pages +--------- + +timerfd_create.2 + mtk, with input and review from Davide Libenzi + Documents the timerfd_create(), timerfd_settime(), and + timerfd_gettime() system calls, which are new in 2.6.25. + + +New links +--------- + +timerfd_gettime.2 +timerfd_settime.2 + mtk + Links to new timerfd_create.2 page. + +eventfd_read.3 +eventfd_write.3 + mtk + Links to eventfd.2. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +Makefile + aeb + Remove code relating to man1/README, which no longer exists. + +execve.2 + mtk + Clarify detail of RLIMIT_STACK/4 limit for argv+environ. + +getitimer.2 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO entry referring to timerfd_create.2. + +getrusage.2 + mtk + Minor rewordings. + +open.2 + Michael Haardt + Move discussion of 'mode' argument under description of O_CREAT. + +signalfd.2 + mtk + Fix type for 'ssi_ptr' field. + See http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-hacker/2008-01/msg00002.html. + +syscalls.2 + mtk + Add timerfd_create(), timerfd_settime(), and timerfd_gettime() + to list. + +syslog.2 + Jeremy Kerr + Add info on command type 10. + Add details on types 6, 7, 8, and 9. + Minor grammar fix. + mtk + Update LOG_BUF_LEN details. + Update RETURN VALUE section. + Notes capability requirements under EPERM error. + Minor fix to description of type==3 and type==4. + Other minor edits. + +ctime.3 + Walter Harms + Note that POSIX requires localtime() to act as though tzset() + was called, but localtime_r() does not have the same requirement. + See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.time.tz/2034/ + +getaddrinfo.3 + mtk + Clarify discussion of NULL 'hints' argument; other minor rewrites. + mtk / Sam Varshavchik + Remove some duplicated text. + +malloc.3 + Lasse Kärkkäinen / Mike Frysinger / mtk + Clarify description of realloc() behavior for + ((size == 0) && (ptr != NULL)). + +posix_fallocate.3 + Samuel Thibault + s/stdlib.h/fcntl.h/ in SYNOPSIS. + +proc.5 + Fernando Luis Vázquez Cao + Update /proc/[number]/cmdline description. + It used to be true that the command line arguments were + not accessible when the process had been swapped out. + In ancient kernels (circa 2.0.*) the problem was that the + kernel relied on get_phys_addr to access the user space buffer, + which stopped working as soon as the process was swapped out. + Recent kernels use get_user_pages for the same purpose and thus + they should not have that limitation. + +epoll.7 + Davide Libenzi / mtk + Clarify the somewhat unintuitive behavior that occurs if a file + descriptor in an epoll set is closed while other file descriptors + referring to the same underlying open file description remain + open. + See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/596462/. + mtk + Clarify error that occurs if we add an epoll fd to its own set. + mtk + A few minor rewordings. + mtk, after a note by Chris Heath + Rework Q1/A1, describing what happens when adding the same + file descriptor twice to an epoll set, and when adding duplicate + file descriptors to the same epoll set. + Heikki Orsila / mtk / Davide Libenzi + Clarify Q9/A9 to discuss packet/token-oriented files. + mtk, after comments by Davide Libenzi and Chris Heath + Added Q0/A0, making explicit that the key for items in an epoll + set is [file descriptor, open file description]. + mtk, after a note by Ron Burk + Change A3, to note that when events are available, + the epoll file descriptor will indicate as being readable. + mtk + Add some further explanation to Q5/A5 about why an epoll file + descriptor cannot be passed across a Unix domain socket. + +posixoptions.7 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO entry for standards(7). + +regex.7 + mtk + Add grep(1) to SEE ALSO. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=348552. + +standards.7 + mtk + Add SEE ALSO entry for posixoptions(7). + +time.7 + mtk + Added SEE ALSO entry referring to timerfd_create.2. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-2.80 ==================== + +Released: 2008-06-05 + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org> +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Andreas Herrmann <andreas.herrmann3@amd.com> +Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> +Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Anoop <acv@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Aurelien Gerome <ag@roxor.cx> +Daniel Burr <dburr@topcon.com> +Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org> +Felix Kater <fkater@googlemail.com> +Folkert van Heusden <folkert@vanheusden.com> +Hamaji Shinichiro <shinichiro.hamaji@gmail.com> +Heikki Orsila <shd@modeemi.fi> +Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> +Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net> +Karsten Weiss <K.Weiss@science-computing.de> +Martin Pitt <mpitt@debian.org> +Marty Leisner <leisner@rochester.rr.com> +Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@trialog.com> +Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> +Petter Reinholdtsen <pere@hungry.com> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Stuart Brady <sdbrady@ntlworld.com> +Theodoros V. Kalamatianos <thkala@softlab.ece.ntua.gr> +Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com> +Tim Stoakes <tim@stoakes.net> +Timothy Baldwin <T.E.Baldwin99@members.leeds.ac.uk> +Tolga Dalman <tdalman@project-psi.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +bdflush.2 +inotify_add_watch.2 +mprotect.2 +sigprocmask.2 +ctime.3 +getusershell.3 +setbuf.3 +st.4 +ip.7 +packet.7 + mtk + Replace "(il)legal" by "(not) permitted" or "(in)valid". + +read.2 +utime.2 +filesystems.5 +packet.7 + mtk + s/time stamp/timestamp/, for consistency with majority use + in other pages, and in POSIX.1. + +madvise.2 +mbind.2 +mincore.2 +mmap.2 +mmap2.2 +msync.2 +remap_file_pages.2 + mtk + Change name of 'start' argument to 'addr' for consistency + with: + * other memory-related interfaces + * POSIX specification (for those interfaces in POSIX) + * Linux and glibc source code (in at least some cases) + +Various pages + mtk + s/filesystem/file system/, for consistency with majority use + in other pages, and in POSIX.1. + +Various pages + mtk + s/zeroes/zeros/, for consistency with majority use + in other pages, and in POSIX.1. + +abs.3 +proc.5 + mtk + s/builtin/built-in/, for consistency with majority use + in other pages, and in POSIX.1. + +mknod.2 +ftw.3 + mtk + s/normal file/regular file/ + +Various pages + mtk + s/nonempty/non-empty/ + +Various pages + mtk + s/nonzero/non-zero/ + +Various pages + mtk + s/realtime/real-time/, for consistency with majority usage. + +Various pages + mtk + s/command line/command-line/ when used attributively. + +Various pages + mtk + Use "run time" when non-attributive, "run-time" when attributive. + +Various pages + mtk + Various pages that I wrote carried a slightly modified version + of the "verbatim" license. In the interests of minimizing + license proliferation, I've reverted the modified form + so that the license is exactly the same as on other pages + carrying the verbatim license. + +epoll_ctl.2 +getitimer.2 +getrlimit.2 +unix.7 + mtk + s/since kernel x.y.z/since Linux x.y.z/ + +wait.2 +inotify.7 + mtk + Reformat kernel version information for flags. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. +(Special thanks to Nicolas François.) + + +New pages +--------- + +random_r.3 + mtk, after a suggestion by aeb + Documents random_r(3), srandom_r(3), initstate_r(3), and + setstate_r(3), which are the reentrant equivalents of + random(3), srandom(3), initstate(3), and setstate(3). + + +New links +--------- + +lutimes.3 + mtk + Link to futimes.3. + +initstate_r.3 +setstate_r.3 +srandom_r.3 + mtk + Links to random_r.3. + +daylight.3 +timezone.3 +tzname.3 + mtk + Links to tzset.3. + +isnanf.3 +isnanl.3 + mtk + Links to finite.3. + +encrypt_r.3 +setkey_r.3 + mtk + Links to encrypt.3. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clone.2 + mtk + Added note that CLONE_STOPPED (which no-one uses anyway) is + now deprecated. + +epoll_create.2 + mtk + Add NOTES section pointing out that 'size' argument is unused + since kernel 2.6.8. + +epoll_ctl.2 + mtk + Added portability note to BUGS text for EPOLL_CTL_DEL. + +epoll_wait.2 + mtk + If the 'sigmask' is NULL, then epoll_pwait() is equivalent + to epoll_wait(). + +fork.2 + mtk + NOTES: since glibc 2.3.3, the glibc NPTL fork() wrapper + bypasses the fork() system call to invoke clone() with + flags providing equivalent functionality. + +futex.2 + mtk, after a note from Adrian Bunk + FUTEX_FD has been removed, as of kernel 2.6.26. + +futimesat.2 + mtk + Note that this system call is made obsolete by utimensat(2). + +getgroups.2 + Petter Reinholdtsen + SEE ALSO: Add getgrouplist(3). + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=479284. + mtk + NGROUPS_MAX increased in kernel 2.6.4. + SEE ALSO: Add credentials(7). + mtk + Reformat DESCRIPTION and RETURN VALUE sections to be more + consistent with man-pages style. + Add some more detail to descriptions of system calls. + Clarified what happens if caller of getgroups() is a member of + more than 'size' supplementary groups. + ERRORS: Add ENOMEM. + +getpriority.2 + mtk, after a note from Ingo Molnar + Add text in NOTES about the punchier effect of nice values in + kernel 2.6.23 and later. + Add Documentation/scheduler/sched-nice-design.txt to SEE ALSO list. + +gettid.2 + mtk + Added VERSIONS section noting that this system call first + appeared in 2.4.11. + +kill.2 + Marty Leisner / mtk + Add text explicitly noting that sig==0 can be used to check for + the existence of a PID or PGID. + mtk + A few minor rewordings. + +mbind.2 + mtk + The location of the numactl package has changed. + +mmap.2 + mtk + Added some .SS headings to make structure of page a little + more obvious. + mtk, with input from Nick Piggin + MAP_POPULATE supports both file and anonymous mappings. + Since 2.6.23, MAP_POPULATE supports private mappings. + Since 2.6.23, MAP_NONBLOCK causes MAP_POPULATE to be a no-op. + mtk + NOTES: Added details on mapping address that is selected by + kernel when MAP_FIXED is / isn't specified. + +mount.2 + mtk + The MS_REMOUNT changes in 2.4 were at 2.4.10 (not 2.4). + mtk + Minor wording change. + +msgctl.2 + mtk + Clarify that "unused" fields in msginfo structure are + "unused within the kernel". + msginfo.msgpool is measured in kilobytes, not bytes. + Minor rewordings in comments for msginfo structure. + +msgop.2 + mtk + Various minor rewordings and restructurings for clarity. + mtk, after a note from Reuben Thomas + Remove "msgop" from NAME section. + +mkdir.2 + mtk + Clarify meaning of "BSD group semantics". + SEE ALSO: add chown(2). + +mknod.2 + mtk + SEE ALSO: add chown(2) and chmod(2). + +mmap.2 + mtk + SEE ALSO: add mprotect(2) and shmat(2). + +mprotect.2 + Hamaji Shinichiro + SYNOPSIS: s/size_t \*len/size_t len/ + +open.2 + mtk + Note that O_CLOEXEC should be in the next POSIX.1 revision. + mtk + More than just ext2 supports "mount -o bsdgroups" nowadays, + so make the discussion about group ownership of new files a bit + more generic. + mtk + SEE ALSO: add chown(2) and chmod(2). + +poll.2 + mtk + If the 'sigmask' is NULL, then ppoll() is equivalent to poll() + with respect to signal mask manipulations. + +posix_fadvise.2 + mtk + s/posix_madvise (2)/posix_madvise (3)/; + (The referred-to page still doesn't exist yet, but hopefully + will do sometime soon.) + +ptrace.2 + Anoop, Acked by Roland McGrath. + Re PTRACE_PEEKUSER: the offsets and data returned might not + match with the definition of struct user. + See also http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/5/8/375 + +recv.2 + Felix Kater / mtk + Improve wording for EAGAIN error in discussion of MSG_DONTWAIT. + +rmdir.2 + Martin Pitt + POSIX.1 also allows EEXIST for the ENOTEMPTY error condition. + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=467552. + +sched_setscheduler.2 + mtk, with input from Ingo Molnar + Add description of SCHED_IDLE policy (new in 2.6.23). + Tweak description of SCHED_BATCH. + Minor rewordings. + +select_tut.2 + Justin Pryzby + Various wording clean-ups. + +semctl.2 + mtk + Clarify that "unused" fields in seminfo structure are + "unused within the kernel". + Minor rewordings in comments for seminfo structure. + +semop.2 + Aurelien Gerome + Small fix in example code. + +setpgid.2 + mtk / Karsten Weiss + Clarify description of setpgid() a little. + +shmctl.2 + mtk + Clarify that "unused" fields in shminfo structure are + "unused within the kernel". + Minor rewordings in comments for shminfo structure. + +shmop.2 + mtk, after a note from Reuben Thomas + Remove "shmop" from NAME section. + +signalfd.2 + mtk + Added BUGS text noting that before kernel 2.6.25, the ssi_int + and ssi_ptr fields are not set. + Added comments describing fields in signalfd_siginfo structure. + Update field names in example program (s/signo/ssi_signo/). + Various small fixes, and remove duplicated sentence. + Minor edits to structure definition. + +sigqueue.2 + mtk + Added some comments to code in NOTES. + +stat.2 + mtk + Minor wording change. + +symlink.2 + mtk + SEE ALSO: add lchown(2). + +sync_file_range.2 + mtk / Andrew Morton + Remove statement that (SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE | + SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE | SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER) is + a traditional fdatasync(2) operation. + See https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=421482 + comments 129 to 131. + +syscalls.2 + mtk + This page is now up to date as at kernel 2.6.25. + +syslog.2 + mtk + Small tidy up of language relating to permissions/capabilities. + +timerfd_create.2 + mtk + Minor change to example program. + Minor wording change. + +utime.2 + Reuben Thomas + Remove unnecessary subheading for utimes(). + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=477402. + mtk + Change description in NAME line ("or" is not correct: these calls + always change *both* timestamps). + CONFORMING TO: utimes() is in POSIX.1-2001. + mtk + Rename 'buf' argument of utime() to 'times' (like utimes()). + Clarify explanation of EACCES and EPERM errors. + Remove BUGS section, since it doesn't seem to add useful + information. + Clarified discussion of capabilities, and noted that + CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE also has a role. + Other minor rewordings. + +wait.2 + mtk, after a note by Justin Pryzby + Add a sentence clarifying that even though the default disposition + of SIGCHLD is "ignore", explicitly setting the disposition to + SIG_IGN results in different treatment of zombies. + +aio_cancel.3 +aio_error.3 +aio_fsync.3 +aio_read.3 +aio_return.3 +aio_suspend.3 +aio_write.3 + Kevin O'Gorman <kogorman@csc.calpoly.edu> + Add "Link with -lrt" to SYNOPSIS. + +backtrace.3 + Nicolas François + s/backtrace_symbols/backtrace_symbols_fd/ in one sentence. + mtk + Fix bogus reference to variable 'strings': should be: + "the array of pointers". + +ctime.3 + mtk + Add warning under NOTES that asctime(), ctime(), gmtime(), and + localtime() may each overwrite the static object returned by any + of the other calls. + Other minor edits. + +dlopen.3 + mtk + Add more detail to the description of the fields in the + structure returned by dladdr(). + +fexecve.3 + mtk + Clean up SYNOPSIS after work by cut-and-paste-Pete: + the necessary header file is <unistd.h> not <sys/time.h>! + +futimes.3 + mtk + Add documentation of lutimes(), which appeared in glibc 2.6. + mtk + Change description in NAME line ("or" is not correct: these calls + always change *both* timestamps). + CONFORMING TO: futimes() did not come from 4.2BSD. (It came from + FreeBSD; see the FreeBSD man page.) + +getenv.3 + mtk + Noted that caller must not modify returned value string. + Noted that getenv() is not reentrant: the buffer may be statically + allocated and overwritten by later calls to getenv(), putenv(), + setenv(), or unsetenv(). + Other minor rewrites. + +getgrent.3 + Petter Reinholdtsen + SEE ALSO: Add getgrouplist(3). + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=479284. + +gethostbyname.3 + mtk + Add 'h_errno' to NAME list. + +getopt.3 + mtk + Add 'optarg', 'optind', 'opterr', and 'optopt' to NAME section. + Add subheading for getopt_long() and getopt_long_only() + description. + +getpt.3 + mtk + Point out that this function should be avoided in favor of + posix_openpt(). + Add ERRORS section referring to open(2). + +getsubopt.3 + Daniel Burr + SYNOPSIS: Fix declaration of valuep. + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=476672. + +malloc.3 + mtk + RETURN VALUE: Note circumstances in which successful malloc() and + calloc() can return NULL. + +mq_open.3 + mtk, after a note by Marty Leisner + Note that <fcntl.h> is needed for O_* constants and <sys/stat.h> + is needed for 'mode' constants. + +opendir.3 + mtk + Describe treatment of close-on-exec flag by opendir() and + fdopendir(). + +openpty.3 + mtk + SEE ALSO: add ttyname(3). + +raise.3 + mtk / Timothy Baldwin + Clarify semantics of raise() when called from a multithreaded + program. + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=476484. + mtk + Rewrites and additions to various parts of the page. + +rand.3 + Tolga Dalman / aeb / mtk + Remove outdated warning in NOTES; encourage the use of + random(3) instead. + Folkert van Heusden + Clarify wording describing range of values returned by rand(). + +random.3 + aeb / mtk / Tolga Dalman + Recommend use or random_r(3) for multithreaded applications + that need independent, reproducible sequences of random numbers. + + Move references to "The Art of Computer Programming" and + "Numerical Recipes", formerly in rand(3), to this page. + + Add drand48(93) to SEE ALSO list. + +regex.3 + Heikki Orsila + Clarify description of 'rm_eo' field. + +sem_open.3 + mtk, after a note by Marty Leisner + Note that <fcntl.h> is needed for O_* constants and <sys/stat.h> is + needed for 'mode' constants. + +sem_post.3 + mtk + Added pointer to example in sem_wait(3). + +sem_close.3 +sem_destroy.3 +sem_getvalue.3 +sem_init.3 +sem_open.3 +sem_post.3 +sem_unlink.3 +sem_wait.3 + mtk, after a note from Marty Leisner + Add text to SYNOPSIS noting the need to link with "-lrt" or + "-pthread". + +setenv.3 + mtk + setenv() copies 'name' and 'value' (contrast with putenv()). + unsetenv() of a nonexistent variable does nothing and is + considered successful. + Noted that setenv() and unsetenv() need not be reentrant. + +shm_open.3 + mtk, after a note by Marty Leisner + Note that <fcntl.h> is needed for O_* constants and <sys/stat.h> is + needed for 'mode' constants. + +undocumented.3 + mtk + initstate_r(3), setkey_r(3), setstate_r(3) are now documented. + +utmp.5 + Nicolas François + Small rewording. + +resolv.conf.5 + Nicolas François + gethostname() is in Section 2, not section 3. + +ascii.7 + Stuart Brady + Fix rendering of ' (backtick) and apostrophe (') in tables + +charsets.7 + Nicolas François + s/unicode.com/unicode.org/ + +credentials.7 + mtk + NOTES: Pthreads requires that all threads share the same UIDs and + GIDs. But the Linux kernel maintains separate UIDs and GIDs for + every thread. NPTL does some work to ensure that credential + changes by any thread are carried through to all POSIX threads in + a process. + mtk + sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX) can be used to determine the number of + supplementary groups that a process may belong to. + Clarify that supplementary group IDs are specified in POSIX.1-2001. + +epoll.7 + mtk, after a note from Sam Varshavchik + For answer A2, change "not recommended" to "careful programming + may be required". + +inotify.7 + mtk + Document SIGIO feature (new in 2.6.25) for inotify file descriptors. + mtk + Note that select()/poll()/epoll_wait() indicate a ready inotify + file descriptor as readable. + mtk + Document IN_ATTRIB in a little more detail. + +pthreads.7 + Justin Pryzby + Grammar fix, plus fix typo in script. + mtk + Add list of thread-safe functions. + +standards.7 + mtk + Add a section on the upcoming POSIX revision. + +ld.so.8 + Justin Pryzby / mtk + Various wording improvements. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.00 ==================== + +Released: 2008-06-12, Konolfingen + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Stuart Brady <sdbrady@ntlworld.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +The POSIX.1 man pages (sections 0p, 1p, 3p) have been moved out +of this package into the separate man-pages-posix package. +This made sense because those pages are seldom changed (only formatting +fixes, etc.) so that it was unnecessary to redistribute them with each +man-pages release. + + +console_codes.4 +random.4 +dir_colors.5 +proc.5 +glob.7 + Stuart Brady + s/`/\`/ for backquotes used in command substitution, for + proper rendering in UTF-8. + +Various pages + mtk, after a note from Stuart Brady + Using /'x'/ to denote a character (string) renders poorly in + UTF-8, where the two ' characters render as closing single + quotes. On the other hand, using /`x'/ renders nicely on UTF-8, + where proper opening and closing single quotes are produced by + groff(1), but looks ugly when rendered in ASCII. Using the + sequence /\\aqx\\aq/ produces a reasonable rendering ('\\aq' + is a vertical "apostrophe quote") in both UTF-8 and ASCII. + So that change is made in a number of pages. + See also http://www.cl.cal.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/quotes.html. + +Various pages + mtk + Replace form /`string'/ by /"string"/, since the former renders + poorly in ASCII. + +termios.3 +console_codes.4 +tty_ioctl.4 +termcap.5 +charsets.7 + mtk + Control character names (^X) are written boldface, without + quotes. + +printf.3 +scanf.3 +proc.5 +glob.7 +regex.7 + mtk + Various edits to try and bring some consistency to the use of + quotes. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +tty_ioctl.4 + mtk + Small rewordings in description of packet mode. + +locale.7 + mtk + Minor formatting fixes. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.01 ==================== + +Released: 2008-06-25, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Andreas Herrmann <andreas.herrmann3@amd.comm> +Andrew P <ap@zip.com.au> +Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net> +Bart Van Assche <bart.vanassche@gmail.com> +Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ib.com> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> +Daniele Giacomini <appunti2@gmail.com> +Dorin Lazar <dorin.lazar@gmail.com> +George Spelvin <linux@horizon.com> +Jason Englander <jason@englanders.cc> +Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> +Laurent Vivier <laurent.vivier@bull.net> +Masatake YAMOTO <yamoto@redhat.com> +Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> +Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com> +Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz> +Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> +Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> +Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz> +Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org> +Stephane Chazelas <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr> +Stuart Cunningham <stuartc@rd.bbc.co.uk> +Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> +Tolga Dalman <tdalman@project-psi.org> +Yao Zhao <dragonlinux@gmail.com> +WANG Cong <wcong@critical-links.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +acct.5 + mtk + A complete rewrite of this page, now with much more detail. + +hostname.7 + mtk + A description of hostname resolution. Taken from FreeBSD 6.2, + and lightly edited for man-pages style. + +symlink.7 + mtk + A description of symbolic links. Taken from FreeBSD 6.2, but + heavily edited for Linux details, improved readability, and + man-pages style. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +getrlimit.2 + mtk / Peter Zijlstra + Add description of RLIMIT_RTTIME limit, new in 2.6.25. + +mkstemp.3 + mtk + Add description of mkostemp(), new in glibc 2.7. + +core.5 + mtk, after a note by Petr Gajdos; review by Neil Horman + Document core_pattern pipe syntax, which appeared in + kernel 2.6.19. + Add an example program demonstrating use of core_pattern + pipe syntax. + mtk + Document /proc/PID/coredump_filter, new in kernel 2.6.23. + Documentation was based on the text in + Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt, plus testing, and + checking the kernel source. + +proc.5 + mtk + Document /proc/PID/oom_score, which was new in kernel 2.6.11. + This file displays the "badness" score of the process, which + provides the basis for OOM-killer decisions. + mtk + Document /proc/PID/oom_adj, which was new in kernel 2.6.11. + This file influences the oom_score of a process. + mtk + Document /proc/PID/limits, which was new in 2.6.24. + This file displays a process's resource limits. + mtk + Document /proc/PID/fdinfo/*, which was new in 2.6.22. + These files display info about each descriptor opened by the + process: the current file offset, and the file access mode + + file status flags as set in open() or fcntl(F_SETFL). + mtk + Document /proc/PID/mountinfo, which was new in 2.6.26. + This file displays information about mount points. + Closely based on text from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt. + mtk + Document /proc/PID/mountstats, which was new in 2.6.17. + This file displays statistics about mount points. + mtk + Document /proc/PID/status. + Samuel Thibault / mtk, review by Laurent Vivier, + Christian Borntraeger, and Andrew P + Document guest (virtual CPU) time field in /proc/stat. + Document guest (virtual CPU) time fields in /proc/PID/stat. + + +New links +--------- + +mkostemp.3 + mtk + Link to mkstemp.3. + +getcwd.2 + mtk + Link to getcwd.3, which describes several interfaces, among + them getcwd(), which is in fact a system call. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +sched_setaffinity.2 +sched_setscheduler.2 +set_mempolicy.2 +mbind.2 + mtk + SEE ALSO: Add cpuset(7). + +chown.2 +faccessat.2 +fchmodat.2 +fchownat.2 +fstatat.2 +getxattr.2 +link.2 +linkat.2 +listxattr.2 +open.2 +readlink.2 +removexattr.2 +rename.2 +setxattr.2 +stat.2 +symlink.2 +symlinkat.2 +unlink.2 +futimes.3 +remove.3 +path_resolution.7 + mtk + SEE ALSO: Add symlink(7). + +intro.1 +time.1 +fcntl.2 +gethostbyname.3 +ioctl_list.2 + mtk + Wrap source lines so that new sentence starts on new line. + +addseverity.3 +backtrace.3 +dlopen.3 +fmtmsg.3 +getnameinfo.3 +getpt.3 +grantpt.3 +makecontext.3 +ptsname.3 +tcgetsid.3 +unlockpt.3 +wordexp.3 + mtk + Added VERSIONS section. + +msgctl.2 +msgget.2 +semget.2 +semop.2 +pciconfig_read.2 +basename.3 +cmsg.3 +ftok.3 +console_ioctl.4 +tzfile.5 +mq_overview.7 +pty.7 + mtk + For consistency, "fix" cases where argument of .B or .I was + on the following source line. + +adjtimex.2 +getrusage.2 +io_getevents.2 +poll.2 +select.2 +semop.2 +sigwaitinfo.2 +aio_suspend.3 +clock_getres.3 +mq_receive.3 +mq_send.3 +sem_wait.3 +proc.5 + mtk + SEE ALSO: add time(7) + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. +(Special thanks to Nicolas François and Alain Portal.) + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +acct.2 + mtk + Add a few more words to DESCRIPTION. + NOTES: Add pointer to acct(5). + +alarm.2 + Alain Portal + s/process/calling process/ so as to say that the alarm signal is + delivered to the calling process. + +brk.2 + Yao Zhao / mtk + Clarify discussion of return value of sbrk(). + mtk + DESCRIPTION: Add some sentences giving an overview of these + interfaces. + Add note recommending use of malloc(3). + Change name of brk() argument to the simpler 'addr'. + Add "(void *)" cast to "-1" for error return of sbrk(). + Removed some incorrect text about "brk(0)". + Note that SUSv2 specified the return value of sbrk(). + Added a detail on the glibc brk() wrapper. + Remove discussions of old standards (C89 and POSIX.1-1990); + CONFORMING TO already discusses the situation with respect + to more recent standards. + +chmod.2 + mtk + Clarify description of chmod() and fchmod(). + Add further detail on S_ISUID, S_ISGID, and S_ISVTX permissions. + Reformat list of permissions bits. + +chown.2 + mtk + Describe rules governing ownership of new files (bsdgroups + versus sysvgroups, and the effect of the parent directory's + set-group-ID permission bit). + +chroot.2 + Alain Portal + Clarify description a little. + s/changes the root directory/ + changes the root directory of the calling process/ + +execve.2 + mtk + Fix text that warns against use of NULL argv and envp. + Using a NULL envp does in fact seem to be portable (works + on Solaris and FreeBSD), but the Linux semantics for a NULL + argv certainly aren't consistent with other implementations. + See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=8408. + +getdents.2 + mtk, after a note from George Spelvin + Document d_type field, present since kernel 2.6.4. + Other minor edits. + +getitimer.2 + mtk + Noted that POSIX.1 leaves interactions with alarm(), sleep(), + and usleep() unspecified. + Linux 2.6.16 removed the MAX_SEC_IN_JIFFIES ceiling on timer + values. + Other minor changes. + +io_cancel.2 +io_destroy.2 +io_getevents.2 +io_setup.2 +io_submit.2 + mtk, after a note by Masatake YAMOTO and input from Jeff Moyer + Describe the unconventional error return provided by the + wrapper function in libaio (and contrast with behavior if + the system call is invoked via syscall(2)). + See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.ltp/4445/ + Alain Portal / mtk + Re-order ERRORS and SEE ALSO entries to be alphabetical. + +io_getevents.2 + Alain Portal + Small wording fix. + +io_submit.2 + Jeff Moyer + s/AIO request blocks/AIO control blocks/ + +mknod.2 + mtk + Note that EEXIST applies, even if the pathname is a + (possibly dangling) symbolic link. + +nanosleep.2 + mtk, after a report from Stephane Chazelas + Remove crufty discussion of HZ, and replace with a pointer + to time(7). + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=485636 + mtk, after some discussions with Bart Van Assche and Roman Zippel + NOTES: describe CLOCK_REALTIME versus CLOCK_NANOSLEEP + See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/696854/ + "nanosleep() uses CLOCK_MONOTONIC, should be CLOCK_REALTIME?" + mtk + Replace mentions of "process' by "thread". + NOTES: describe case where clock_nanosleep() can be preferable. + Some minor rewrites. + +open.2 + mtk, after a note from Christoph Hellwig + NOTES: Note that access mode flags are not single bits, + and document the Linuxism "access mode 3". + See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/653123. + +readdir.2 + mtk + Minor wording fixes. + +recv.2 + Alain Portal + Add comment to 'ee_pad' field in structure definition. + +sched_setscheduler.2 + mtk + Add pointer to discussion of RLIMIT_RTTIME in getrlimit.2. + mtk, after a note by Andrew Clayton + Rewrote and restructured various parts of the page for greater + clarity. + mtk + Add more detail to the rules that are applied when an + unprivileged process with a non-zero RLIMIT_RTPRIO limit + changes policy and priority. + SEE ALSO: Add Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt + +sync_file_range.2 + Pavel Machek + SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE can block on writes greater than request + queue size. For some background, see + http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/687713/focus=688340 + +syscalls.2 + mtk + Added system call history back to version 1.2. + Fix typo on kernel version for pivot_root(). + +syslog.2 + WANG Cong + Document ENOSYS error, which can occur if kernel was built without + CONFIG_PRINTK. + +utime.2 + Nicolas François + Clarify description of 'times' array for utimes(). + +adjtime.3 + mtk + The longstanding bug that if delta was NULL, olddelta + didn't return the outstanding clock adjustment, is now fixed + (since glibc 2.8 + kernel 2.6.26). + http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug?id=2449 + http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6761 + +dprintf.3 + mtk + Note that these functions are included in the next POSIX revision. + Remove editorial discussion about what the functions should have + been named. + +ftime.3 + mtk + Rewrote various pieces, and added some details. + +getaddrinfo.3 + mtk + Improve description or 'hints' and 'res' arguments. + Add details on numeric strings that can be specified for 'node'. + Other fairly major restructurings and rewrites to improve + logical structure and clarity of the page. + SEE ALSO: Add hostname(7). + +gethostbyname.3 + mtk + DESCRIPTION: Add reference to inet_addr(3) for dotted notation. + SEE ALSO: add inet(3). + mtk + Added BUGS section noting that gethostbyname() does not + recognize hexadecimal components in dotted address strings; + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=482973 + +getmntent.3 + mtk, after Stuart Cunningham pointed out the typo + Remove statement that LSB deprecates the functions + "endmntent(), setmntent() [sic] and setmntent()". + This doesn't seem to be true (I can't find mention of it + being deprecated in any of the LSB specs). Rather, LSB simply + doesn't specify these functions. (LSB 1.3 had a spec of + setmntent(), but not getmntent() or endmntent(), and noted + that having a spec of setmntent() was of little use without + also having a spec of getmntent().) + See also https://lists.linux-foundation.org/pipermail/lsb-discuss/2006-October/003078.html + +getnameinfo.3 + Tolga Dalman + Remove mention of sa_len field from example code. + That field is a BSDism not present on Linux. + mtk + Various minor changes. + +inet.3 + mtk / Stephane Chazelas + inet_aton() is *not* in POSIX.1. + Rewrote discussion of why inet_addr() is disfavored. + SEE ALSO: Add getaddrinfo(3). + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=482979. + mtk, after a note by Stephane Chazelas + Describe the various address forms supported by inet_aton(). + mtk + Rewrite description of inet_network(). + Clarify discussion of inet_lnaof(), inet_netof(), and inet_makeaddr(). + Add discussion of Classful Addressing, noting that it is obsolete. + Added an EXAMPLE program. + mtk + Relocate discussion of i386 byte order to NOTES. + Note that inet_aton() returns an address in network byte order. + SEE ALSO: Add byteorder(3) and getnameinfo(3). + +inet_ntop.3 + mtk + Remove unneeded header files from SYNOPSIS. + SEE ALSO: Add inet(3) and getnameinfo(3). + Make NAME line more precise. + Move errors to an ERRORS section. + Add EXAMPLE section pointing to inet_pton(3). + +inet_pton.3 + mtk / Stephane Chazelas + Remove statement that inet_pton() extends inet_ntoa(); + that's not really true, since inet_pton() doesn't support + all of the string forms that are supported by inet_ntoa(). + SEE ALSO: Add getaddrinfo(3). + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=482987. + mtk + Describe IPv6 address formats. + Describe dotted decimal format in more detail. + Add an example program. + mtk + Remove unneeded header files from SYNOPSIS. + Make NAME line more precise. + Make description of return value more precise. + SEE ALSO: Add inet(3). + +mkfifo.3 + mtk + Note that EEXIST applies, even if the pathname is a + (possibly dangling) symbolic link. + +mkstemp.3 + mtk + Fix discussion of O_EXCL flag. + These functions may also fail for any of the errors described + in open(2). + Various other rewordings. + +readdir.3 + mtk + Document DT_LNK (symbolic link) for d_type field. + Reorder DT_ entries alphabetically. + +remainder.3 + mtk + Recommend against drem(), in favor of remainder(). + +scanf.3 + mtk, after a note from Stephane Chazelas + Add an ERRORS section documenting at least some of the errors + that may occur for scanf(). + See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=487254. + mtk, after a note from Stephane Chazelas; review by Stephane Chazelas + Document the GNU 'a' modifier for dynamically allocating strings. + See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=487254. + Document the GNU 'm' modifier for dynamically allocating strings. + +strcat.3 + Andreas Herrmann + s/strcat/strncat/ (a typo that changed the semantics in + DESCRIPTION). + +strerror.3 + mtk, after a note from Daniele Giacomini + Modify SYNOPSIS to show prototypes of both versions of strerror_r(), + and make other small clarifications of the description regarding + the two versions. + +random.4 + George Spelvin (taking time out from his busy Broadway schedule), + with some tweaks by Matt Mackall and mtk + Add a Usage subsection that recommends most users to use + /dev/urandom, and emphasizes parsimonious usage of + /dev/random. + +locale.5 + Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> + LC_TIME: Describe first_weekday and first_workday. + +proc.5 + mtk + The various CPU time fields in /proc/stat and /proc/PID/stat + return time in clock ticks (USER_HZ, cputime_to_clock_t(), + sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)). + Updated, clarified and expanded the description several + fields in /proc/[number]/stat. + mtk + Clarified and expanded the description of /proc/[number]/fd. + mtk + Updated and clarified the description of /proc/[number]/statm. + mtk + Updated and clarified the description of /proc/sys/fs/dentry-state. + mtk + Many formatting, wording, and grammar fixes. + +man-pages.7 + mtk + Enhanced description of VERSIONS section. + +mq_overview.7 + mtk + Note that Linux does not currently support ACLs for POSIX + message queues. + +sem_overview.7 + mtk + Note that Linux supports ACLs on POSIX named semaphores + since 2.6.19. + +time.7 + mtk, with some suggestions from Bart Van Assche and Thomas Gleixner + Added some details about where jiffies come into play. + Added section on high-resolution timers. + Mentioned a few other time-related interfaces at various + points in the page. + See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/697378. + +unix.7 + mtk, after a note by Samuel Thibault + Provide a clear description of the three types of address that + can appear in the sockaddr_un structure: pathname, unnamed, + and abstract. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.02 ==================== + +Released: 2008-07-02, Konolfingen + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Stephane Chazelas <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr> +WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +clock_nanosleep.2 + mtk + A description of the clock_nanosleep() system call, + which was added in kernel 2.6. + +getgrouplist.3 + mtk + A near complete rewrite, including additional information and + a new example program. + +getutmp.3 + mtk + Documents getutmp(3) and getutmpx(3). + +gnu_get_libc_version.3 + mtk + Documents gnu_get_libc_version(3) and gnu_get_libc_release(3). + +sigwait.3 + mtk + Documents sigwait(3). + +shm_overview.7 + mtk + An overview of the POSIX shared memory API. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +updwtmp.3 + mtk + Document updwtmpx(3). + + +New links +--------- + +getutmpx.3 + mtk + Link to getutmp.3. + +gnu_get_libc_release.3 + mtk + Link to gnu_get_libc_version.3 + +updwtmpx.3 + mtk + Link to updwtmp.3 + +utmpxname.3 + mtk + Link to getutent.3. + +utmpx.5 + mtk + Link to utmp.5. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + mtk + s/user name/username/ + +Various pages + mtk + s/host name/hostname/ + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +fchmodat.2 + Alain Portal + SEE ALSO: add symlink.7. (3.01 changelog wrongly said this + had been done.) + +io_setup.2 + Alain Portal + Remove superfluous text from RETURN VALUE. + +mmap.2 + mtk + SEE ALSO: Add mmap(2), shm_overview(7). + +shmget.2 +shmop.2 + mtk + SEE ALSO: add shm_overview(7). + +sigreturn.2 + mtk + Added a bit more detail on what sigreturn() actually does. + +signalfd.2 +sigsuspend.2 + mtk + SEE ALSO: Add sigwait(3). + +sigwaitinfo.2 + mtk + Describe behavior when multiple threads are blocked in + sigwaitinfo()/sigtimedwait(). + SEE ALSO: Add sigwait(3). + +dirfd.3 + mtk + RETURN VALUE: describe return value on success. + Add an ERRORS section documenting POSIX.1-specified errors. + +getaddrinfo.3 + mtk, after a note by Stephane Chazelas + getaddrinfo() supports specifying IPv6 scope-IDs. + +getlogin.3 + mtk + ERRORS: add ENOTTY. + SEE ALSO: add utmp(5). + +getutent.3 + WANG Cong + utmpname() does return a value. + mtk + Add paragraph to start of DESCRIPTION recommending + use of POSIX.1 "utmpx" functions. + CONFORMING TO: mention utmpxname(). + Add an ERRORS section. + There are no utmpx equivalents of the _r reentrant functions. + Clarify discussion of return values. + Add pointer to definition of utmp structure in utmp(5). + Clarify discussion of utmpx file on other systems (versus + Linux situation). + +getutent.3 + mtk + SEE ALSO: add getutmp(3) + +inet_pton.3 + Stephane Chazelas + Fix error in description of IPv6 presentation format: + s/x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x/x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x/. + +setbuf.3 + Reuben Thomas / mtk + Fix confused wording for return value of setvbuf(). + Fixes http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=488104. + mtk + Other minor rewordings. + +shm_open.3 + mtk + SEE ALSO: add shm_overview(7). + +random.4 + mtk, after a note by Alain Portal + Slight rewording to make life easier for non-native English + speakers. + +utmp.5 + mtk + Add discussion of POSIX.1 utmpx specification. + Provide a little more detail on fields of utmp structure. + Added comments to macros for ut_type field. + Correct the description of the ut_id field. + mtk + Consolidate duplicated information about ut_tv and ut_session + on biarch platforms. + mtk + Move some text from CONFORMING TO to NOTES. + Removed some crufty text. + SEE ALSO: add login(3), logout(3), logwtmp(3). + UT_LINESIZE is 32 (not 12). + mtk + SEE ALSO: add getutmp(3) + +man-pages.7 + mtk + Enhanced the discussion of font conventions. + +signal.7 + mtk + Note that the delivery order of multiple pending standard + signals is unspecified. + SEE ALSO: Add sigwait(3). + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.03 ==================== + +Released: 2008-07-08, Konolfingen + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> +Hidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com> +Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> +Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +getcpu.2 + Andi Kleen, with some text and edits by mtk + Documents the getcpu(2) system call, introduced in Linux 2.6.19. + +sched_getcpu.3 + mtk + Documents sched_getcpu(3), a wrapper for getcpu(2), provided + since glibc 2.6. + +cpuset.7 + Paul Jackson, with review and editing by mtk, and comments by + Hidetoshi Seto and Li Zefan + A description of the cpuset file system, the mechanism introduced + kernel 2.6.12 for confining processes to designated processors + and nodes. (Becomes the fourth largest page in man-pages!) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +readdir.3 + mtk + Add documentation of readdir_r(). + + +New links +--------- + +updwtmpx.3 + Alain Portal + Link to updwtmp.3 (3.02 changelog wrongly said this had been done). + +readdir_r.3 + mtk + Link to readdir.3. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +get_mempolicy.2 +mbind.2 +sched_setaffinity.2 +set_mempolicy.2 + mtk + SEE ALSO: Add getcpu(2). + +accept.2 +close.2 +connect.2 +dup.2 +epoll_wait.2 +fcntl.2 +flock.2 +futex.2 +msgop.2 +poll.2 +read.2 +recv.2 +select.2 +semop.2 +send.2 +sigwaitinfo.2 +spu_run.2 +wait.2 +write.2 +aio_suspend.3 +mq_receive.3 +mq_send.3 +scanf.3 +sem_wait.3 +usleep.3 +inotify.7 + mtk + ERRORS: Added reference to signal(7) in discussion of EINTR. + +Various pages + mtk + Wrapped very long source lines. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +accept.2 + mtk + Small wording change. + +io_getevents.2 + mtk + ERRORS: Add EINTR error. + +open.2 + mtk + ERRORS: Add EINTR error. + +sigaction.2 + mtk + Note circumstances in which each SA_* flag is meaningful. + mtk + Describe POSIX specification, and Linux semantics for + SA_NOCLDWAIT when establishing a handler for SIGCHLD. + mtk + Add pointer under SA_RESTART to new text in signal(7) + describing system call restarting. + mtk + Other minor edits. + +truncate.2 + mtk + ERRORS: Added EINTR error. + A few minor rewordings. + +wait.2 + mtk + Remove statement that WUNTRACED and WCONTINUED only have effect + if SA_NOCLDSTOP has not been set for SIGCHLD. That's not true. + +errno.3 + mtk + Add a pointer to signal(7) for further explanation of EINTR. + +getgrouplist.3 + mtk + SEE ALSO: Add passwd(5). + +readdir.3 + mtk + Remove <sys/types.h> from SYNOPSIS; POSIX.1-2001 does not + require it. + Some minor rewordings. + +sleep.3 + mtk + RETURN VALUE: explicitly mention interruption by signal handler. + SEE ALSO: add signal(7). + +usleep.3 + mtk + POSIX.1-2001 also only documents EINVAL. + +group.5 + mtk + SEE ALSO: Add getgrent(3), getgrnam(3). + +passwd.5 + mtk + SEE ALSO: Add getpwent(3), getpwnam(3). + +proc.5 + mtk + Add pointer to description of /proc/PID/cpuset in cpuset(7). + +signal.7 + mtk + Add a section describing system call restarting, and noting + which system calls are affected by SA_RESTART, and which + system calls are never restarted. + mtk + Describe the aberrant Linux behavior whereby a stop signal + plus SIGCONT can interrupt some system calls, even if no + signal handler has been established, and note the system + calls that behave this way. + mtk + Note a few more architectures on which signal numbers are valid. + SEE ALSO: added a number of pages. + mtk + Update async-signal-safe function list for POSIX.1-2004 (which + adds sockatmark()). + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.04 ==================== + +Released: 2008-07-15, Konolfingen + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@cpushare.com> +Andreas Mohr <andi@lisas.de> +Andrew Morgan <morgan@kernel.org> +Erik Bosman <ejbosman@cs.vu.nl> +John Brooks <aspecialj@gmail.com> +Nikanth Karthikesan <knikanth@suse.de> +Pavel Heimlich <tropikhajma@seznam.cz> +Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> +Sripathi Kodi <sripathik@in.ibm.com> +Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Web site +-------- + +licenses.html + mtk + A page describing the preferred licenses for new pages that + are contributed to man-pages. + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +utimensat.2 + mtk + New page documenting the utimensat() system call, new in 2.6.22, + and futimens() library function. + +end.3 + mtk + Documents etext, edata, and end symbols. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +memchr.3 + mtk + Add description of rawmemchr(). + +proc.5 + mtk + Document /proc/config.gz (new in kernel 2.6). + mtk, based on text from Documentation/vm/sysctl.txt + Document /proc/sys/vm/oom_kill_allocating_task + (new in Linux 2.6.24). + Document /proc/sys/vm/oom_dump_tasks + (new in Linux 2.6.25). + Document /proc/sys/vm/panic_on_oom + (new in Linux 2.6.18). + + +New links +--------- + +edata.3 +etext.3 + mtk + Links to end.3. + +futimens.3 + mtk + Link to new utimensat.2. + +getdate_err.3 + mtk + Link to getdate.3. + +h_errno.3 + mtk + Link to gethostbyname.3. + +optarg.3 +opterr.3 +optind.3 +optopt.3 + mtk + Links to getopt.3. + +rawmemchr.3 + mtk + Link to memchr.3. + +sys_errlist.3 +sys_nerr.3 + mtk + Links to perror.3. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + mtk + s/parameter/argument/ when talking about the things given + to a function call, for consistency with majority usage. + +Various pages + mtk + s/UNIX/Unix/, when not used as part of a trademark, + for consistency with majority usage in pages. + +Various pages + mtk, after a note from Alain Portal + Put SEE ALSO entries into alphabetical order. + +Various pages + mtk + Remove period at end of SEE ALSO list. + +Various pages + mtk, after a note by Alain Portal + Even when the CONFORMING TO section is just a list of standards, + they should be terminated by a period. + +getpriority.2 +MB_LEN_MAX.3 +MB_CUR_MAX.3 +fwide.3 +mblen.3 +rtime.3 +st.4 +proc.5 +bootparam.7 +man-pages.7 +utf-8.7 +tcp.5 + mtk / Alain Portal + Small wording fixes -- express <=, <, >=, > in words when in + running text. + +sched_setparam.2 +sched_setscheduler.2 +getgrent_r.3 +hash.3 + mtk + Minor rewording w.r.t. use of the term "parameter". + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +other places. (Many, many thanks to Alain Portal!) + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +capget.2 + Andrew Morgan + Update in line with addition of file capabilities and + 64-bit capability sets in kernel 2.6.2[45]. + +clock_nanosleep.2 + mtk + Add "Link with -lrt" to SYNOPSIS. + +getrusage.2 + Sripathi Kodi + Document RUSAGE_THREAD, new in 2.6.26. + mtk + Improve description of RUSAGE_CHILDREN. + Add pointer to /proc/PID/stat in proc(5). + Other minor clean-ups. + +ioprio_set.2 + Nikanth Karthikesan + Since Linux 2.6.25, CAP_SYS_ADMIN is longer required to set + a low priority (IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE). + +mount.2 + mtk + Since Linux 2.6.26, MS_RDONLY honors bind mounts. + +openat.2 + mtk + SEE ALSO: add utimensat(3). + +prctl.2 + Serge Hallyn, with some edits/input from mtk + Document PR_CAPBSET_READ and PR_CAPBSET_DROP. + Erik Bosman + Document PR_GET_TSC and PR_SET_TSC. + mtk, reviewed by Andrea Arcangeli + Document PR_SET_SECCOMP and PR_GET_SECCOMP. + mtk + PR_SET_KEEPCAPS and PR_GET_KEEPCAPS operate on a per-thread + setting, not a per-process setting. + mtk + Clarify fork(2) details for PR_SET_PDEATHSIG. + mtk + Add description of PR_SET_SECUREBITS and PR_GET_SECUREBITS, + as well as pointer to further info in capabilities(7). + mtk + PR_GET_ENDIAN returns endianness info in location pointed to by + arg2 (not as function result, as was implied by previous text). + mtk + Expand description of PR_SET_NAME and PR_GET_NAME. + mtk + RETURN VALUE: bring up to date for various options. + mtk + Various improvements in ERRORS. + mtk + Note that PR_SET_TIMING setting of PR_TIMING_TIMESTAMP is not + currently implemented. + mtk + Minor changes: + * Clarify wording for PR_GET_UNALIGN, PR_GET_FPEMU, and + PR_GET_FPEXC. + * Some reformatting of kernel version information. + * Reorder PR_GET_ENDIAN and PR_SET_ENDIAN entries. + +readlinkat.2 + John Brooks / mtk + Fix and reword erroneous RETURN VALUE text. + +recv.2 + mtk + Noted which flags appeared in Linux 2.2. + +sched_setaffinity.2 + mtk, after a Fedora downstream patch + Update type used for cpusetsize argument in SYNOPSIS. + +select.2 + Andreas Mohr / mtk + Clarify "zero timeout" case. + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=490868. + +send.2 + mtk + Noted which flags appeared in Linux 2.2. + +sigaction.2 + mtk + Document si_overrun and si_tid fields of siginfo structure. + Add some text for si_trapno field. + The si_errno field is *generally* unused. + mtk + Put descriptions of SA_* constants in alphabetical order. + +signal.2 + mtk + Rewrote and expanded portability discussion. + NOTES: Show the raw prototype of signal() (without use of + sighandler_t). + +signalfd.2 + mtk + Modify description of ssi_trapno field. + +swapon.2 + mtk + Fix two version number typos for MAX_SWAPFILES discussion: + s/2.6.10/2.4.10/ + +utime.2 + mtk + SEE ALSO: add utimensat(2), futimens(3). + +dl_iterate_phdr.3 + Alain Portal + SEE ALSO: Add elf(5). + +crypt.3 + mtk, after a Fedora downstream patch + Describe additional encryption algorithms. + See also: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=428280. + +errno.3 + mtk + Small rewrites in DESCRIPTION. + +exec.3 + mtk, after a note from Alain Portal + Small rewording. + +exp10.3 + Alain Portal + SEE ALSO: Add log10(3). + +exp2.3 + Alain Portal + Add C99 to CONFORMING TO. + +fgetgrent.3 + Alain Portal + Add references to group(5). + mtk + Minor rewordings. + SEE ALSO: add fopen(3). + +fgetpwent.3 + Alain Portal + Add reference to passwd(5). + mtk + Minor rewordings. + SEE ALSO: add fopen(3). + +frexp.3 + Alain Portal + Add C99 to CONFORMING TO. + +futimes.3 + mtk + SEE ALSO: remove futimesat(2); add utimensat(2). + +getopt.3 + mtk + Add details on initial value of optind, and note that it can + be reset (to 1) to restart scanning of an argument vector. + Add a NOTES section describing the glibc-specific behavior + when optind is reset to 0 (rather than 1). + See http://groups.google.com/group/comp.unix.programmer/browse_thread/thread/be0d0b7a07a165fb + mtk + Note glibc extensions under CONFORMING TO. + +getspnam.3 + mtk + Improve comments on struct spwd. + +getpw.3 + Alain Portal + RETURN VALUE: note that errno is set on error. + mtk + Add EINVAL error. + +insque.3 + mtk / Alain Portal + Minor rewordings. + +log.3 + Alain Portal + Remove unnecessary sentence in ERRORS. + +log10.3 + mtk + SEE ALSO: Add exp10(3). + +offsetof.3 + Alain Portal + Small wording improvement. + +pow.3 + Alain Portal + Remove unnecessary sentence in ERRORS. + +printf.3 + mtk / Alain Portal + Many small formatting fixes. + +proc.5 + mtk + Remove redundant summary list of files in description of + /proc/sys/kernel. + Make kernel version for /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops more precise. + Make kernel version for /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max more precise. + Add Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt to SEE ALSO. + Other minor edits. + +profil.3 + mtk / Alain Portal + Small wording improvement. + +rtime.3 + mtk, after a note by Alain Portal + Clarify meaning of midnight on 1 Jan 1900/1970. + mtk + Remove netdate(1) and rdate(1) from SEE ALSO, since these pages + don't seem to exist on Linux systems. + +scanf.3 + Vincent Lefevre / mtk + Clarify treatment of initial white space by %% conversion + specification. + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=435648. + mtk + Many small formatting fixes. + +stdin.3 + Alain Portal + Rename CONSIDERATIONS section to NOTES, and relocate + to appropriate place on page. + +tmpfile.3 + mtk, after a note by Alain Portal + Prepend "POSIX.1-2001 specifies that: " to the sentence stating + that tmpfile() may write to stdout. (AFAICS, glibc's tmpfile() + does not do this.) + +ttyname.3 + Alain Portal + Remove unnecessary sentence in ERRORS. + +wcsdup.3 + Alain Portal + Make wording more precise: the memory allocated by wcsdup(3) + *should* be freed with free(3). + +wordexp.3 + Alain Portal / mtk + Move example into proper EXAMPLE section. + +tty_ioctl.4 + mtk / Petr Gajdos + The features in the "Get and Set Window Size" subsection + require the inclusion of <sys/ioctl.h>. + +capabilities.7 + Serge Hallyn, plus a bit of work by mtk + Document file capabilities, per-process capability bounding set, + changed semantics for CAP_SETPCAP, and other changes in 2.6.2[45]. + Add CAP_MAC_ADMIN, CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE, CAP_SETFCAP. + Various smaller fixes. + mtk, plus review by Serge Hallyn and Andrew Morgan + Add text detailing how CAP_SETPCAP (theoretically) permits -- on + pre-2.6.25 kernels, and 2.6.25 and later kernels with file + capabilities disabled -- a thread to change the capability sets + of another thread. + Add section describing rules for programmatically adjusting + thread capability sets. + Add some words describing purpose of inheritable set. + Note existence of CONFIG_SECURITY_CAPABILITIES config option. + Describe rationale for capability bounding set. + Document securebits flags (new in 2.6.26). + Remove obsolete BUGS section. + SEE ALSO: Add getcap(8), setcap(8), and various libcap pages. + mtk + Add text noting that if we set the effective flag for one + file capability, then we must also set the effective flag for all + other capabilities where the permitted or inheritable bit is set. + mtk + Since Linux 2.6.25, CAP_SYS_ADMIN is no longer required for + ioprio_set() to set IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE class. + mtk + Reword discussion of CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE to be file-system neutral. + +man-pages.7 + mtk + A list of standards in the CONFORMING TO list should be + terminated by a period. + The list of pages in a SEE ALSO list should not be + terminated by a period. + +tcp.7 + mtk + Correct a detail for sysctl_tcp_adv_win_scale. + Formatting fixes. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.05 ==================== + +Released: 2008-07-23, Konolfingen + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx> +Fabian Kreutz <kreutz@dbs.uni-hannover.de> +Franck Jousseaume <franck.jousseaume@gmail.com> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Uli Schlacter <psychon@znc.in> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +matherr.3 + mtk, with review by Andries Brouwer + A description of the SVID-specified mechanism for reporting + math exceptions. + See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/266. + +math_error.7 + mtk, with review and suggested input from Andries Brouwer + A description of how math functions report errors. + See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/249. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + mtk + s/floating point/floating-point/ when used attributively. + +Various pages + mtk + For consistency with majority usage: + s/plus infinity/positive infinity/ + s/minus infinity/negative infinity/ + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +other places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +brk.2 + mtk + SEE ALSO: add end(3). + +open.2 + Brian M. Carlson / mtk + Remove ambiguity in description of support for O_EXCL on NFS. + As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=491791. + +prctl.2 + mtk + Place options in some semblance of alphabetical order. + (No content or formatting changes were made.) + +cerf.3 + mtk + Bump version number: these functions are still missing in + glibc 2.8. + +fenv.3 + mtk + SEE ALSO: Add math_error(7). + +INFINITY.3 + mtk + SEE ALSO: Add math_error(7). + +nan.3 + mtk + Remove unneeded "Compile with" piece in SYNOPSIS. + SEE ALSO: Add math_error(7). + +rpc.3 + mtk / Franck Jousseaume + Fix errors introduced into a few prototypes when converting + function declarations to use modern C prototypes in man-pages-2.75. + +ipv6.7 + mtk, after a report from Uli Schlacter + Document the IPV6_V6ONLY flag. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.06 ==================== + +Released: 2008-08-05, Konolfingen + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andreas Jaeger <aj@novell.com> +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Fabian Kreutz <kreutz@dbs.uni-hannover.de> +Gernot Tenchio <g.tenchio@telco-tech.de> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Tolga Dalman <tdalman@project-psi.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +erfc.3 + mtk + Created after removing the erfc() material from erf.3. + Documents the complementary error function. + +y0.3 + mtk + Created after removing the y*() material from j0.3. + Documents the Bessel functions of the second kind. + Included ERRORS section; noted that an exception is not + raised on underflow, see also + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6806; + and errno is not set on overflow, see also + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6808; + Included BUGS section noting that errno is incorrectly + set for pole error; see also + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6807. + +scalbln.3 + mtk + Created after removing the scalbln*() and scalbn*() material + from scalb.3. Documents scalbln() and scalbn() functions. + Included ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see + also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6803. + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +erfcf.3 +erfcl.3 + mtk + Changed these links to point to new erfc.3 page. + +scalblnf.3 +scalblnl.3 +scalbn.3 +scalbnf.3 +scalbnl.3 + mtk + Changed these links to point to new scalbln.3 page. + +y0f.3 +y0l.3 +y1.3 +y1f.3 +y1l.3 +yn.3 +ynf.3 +ynl.3 + mtk + Changed these links to point to new y0.3 page. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + mtk + s/floating point/floating-point/ when used attributively. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +other places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +crypt.3 + mtk + Tweak discuss text describing support for Blowfish. + +ctime.3 + mtk / Gernot Tenchio + Added some words to make clear that the string returned by + ctime() and asctime() is null-terminated. + +math_error.7 + Sam Varshavchik + Reverse order of SYNOPSIS and NAME sections. + mtk + NOTES: Summarize the state of glibc support for exceptions + and errno for error reporting. + + +Changes to individual pages (math functions) +-------------------------------------------- + +Almost all of the changes in this release relate to math man pages. +Very many changes were made to the math pages, including: + +* Fixed feature test macros (FTMs). Often, the FTM requirements + for the "float" and "long double" versions of a math function are + different from the requirements for the "double" version. Each math + page now shows the correct FTM requirements for all three versions + of the function(s) it describes. This may have required either + a change to the existing FTM text (if the requirements for the + "double" function were already described), or the addition of an FTM + description to a SYNOPSIS where one was not previously present + (typically because the "double" version of the function does not + require any FTMs to be defined). +* CONFORMING TO: in many cases, POSIX.1-2001 was not mentioned. + Where a function is specified in POSIX.1-2001, this is now noted. + Also, statements about what other standards a function conforms to + were generally clarified. (The wording about which functions conformed + to C99 was previously often done as an add on sentence; now it is made + part of the first sentence of the CONFORMING TO section, along with + POSIX.1-2001.) +* RETURN VALUE: in many cases, pages lacked descriptions of the return + value when the function arguments are special values such as +0, -0, + NaN (not-a-number), +infinity, -infinity, etc. This has been fixed. + I carried out tests on glibc 2.8 to ensure that all of these + functions match the RETURN VALUE descriptions (and the POSIX.1-2001 + requirements). +* ERRORS: many pages lacked a clear (or indeed any) description of + how errno is set on error and what exception is raised for each error. + This has been fixed. The ERRORS sections are now generally headed up + as per the POSIX.1 way of doing things, describing Pole / Range / + Domain errors, as applicable. + I carried out tests on glibc 2.8 to ensure that all of these + functions match the ERRORS descriptions. Deviations from POSIX.1-2001 + requirements have been filed as glibc bug reports, and noted in the + man pages. (The pages now describe the situation for ERRORS as at glibc + 2.8; I may eventually try and extend the text with descriptions of + changes in older versions of glibc.) + NOTE: one point that has not been covered in any page is the + circumstances that generate inexact (FE_INEXACT) exceptions. + (The details for these exceptions are not specified in POSIX.1-2001, + and I haven't gone looking for the standards that describe the details.) + +acos.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. + Rewrote ERRORS section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +acosh.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Rewrote ERRORS section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +asin.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. + Rewrote ERRORS section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +asinh.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + DESCRIPTION: Some rewording. + RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. + Added (null) ERRORS section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +atan.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + DESCRIPTION: Some rewording. + RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. + Added (null) ERRORS section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +atan2.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + DESCRIPTION: Some rewording. + RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. + Added (null) ERRORS section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +atanh.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Rewrote ERRORS section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + Added BUGS section noting that pole error sets errno to EDOM, + when it should be ERANGE instead; see also + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6759. + +cbrt.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Added (null) ERRORS section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +ceil.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + DESCRIPTION: Enhanced. + RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. + Rewrote ERRORS section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + NOTES: Added some details. + +copysign.3 + mtk + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +cos.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + Rewrote RETURN VALUE section. + Added ERRORS section; noted errno is not set: + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6780. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +cosh.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Added ERRORS section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +erf.3 + mtk + Removed the erfc() material (there is now a new erfc page). + Reason: the functions are logically separate; also their + return values differ, and it would have been confusing + to document them on the same page. + SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6785. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +exp.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6786. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +exp10.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set for underflow; + see http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6787. + +exp2.3 + mtk + Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +expm1.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set for overflow; + see http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6788. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + Added BUGS section, describing bogus underflow exception for -large, + see http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6778; + and describing bogus invalid exception for certain +large, + see http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6814. + +fabs.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +fdim.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + DESCRIPTION: Some rewording. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see + also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6796. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +fenv.3 + mtk + Make style of writing exception names consistent with other + pages and POSIX.1-2001. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +finite.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. + +floor.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + DESCRIPTION: Enhanced. + RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. + Rewrote ERRORS section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +fma.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + DESCRIPTION: Some rewording. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see + also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6801. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +fmax.3 +fmin.3 + mtk + NAME: Make description clearer + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + SYNOPSIS: Remove unneeded "Compile with" piece. + CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. + Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections. + +fmod.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. + Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not always set; see + also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6783. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +fpclassify.3 + mtk + Minor wording changes. + CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. + SEE ALSO: Add signbit(3). + +frexp.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + Added details to RETURN VALUE section. + Added (null) ERRORS section. + CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. + +gamma.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. + Added (null) RETURN VALUE section referring to tgamma(3). + Added (null) ERRORS section referring to tgamma(3). + CONFORMING TO: Rewrote. + +hypot.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. + DESCRIPTION: note that calculation is done without causing + undue overflow or underflow. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not always set; see + also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6795. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +ilogb.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + Rewrote RETURN VALUE section. + Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set, and in some + cases an exception is not raised; see also + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6794. + CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. + +isgreater.3 + mtk + NAME: Make description clearer + Improve the description of isunordered(). + Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections. + Formatting fixes. + A few wording improvements. + +j0.3 + mtk + Removed material for the y*() functions to a separate y0.3 page. + Reason: the return values and errors/exceptions differ, and it + would have been confusing to document them on the same page. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see + also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6805. + +ldexp.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +lgamma.3 + mtk + Note that these functions are deprecated. + SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections referring to lgamma(3). + Added BUGS section noting that pole error sets errno to EDOM, + when it should be ERANGE instead; see also + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6777. + +log.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Rewrote ERRORS section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +log10.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Rewrote ERRORS section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +log1p.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see + also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6792. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +log2.3 + mtk + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Rewrote ERRORS section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +logb.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. + DESCRIPTION: added a little detail; some rewordings. + RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. + Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see + also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6793. + CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. + +lrint.3 + mtk + DESCRIPTION: some rewording. + RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. + Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see + also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6798. + CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. + +lround.3 + mtk + RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. + Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see + also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6797. + CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. + +modf.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. + Added (null) ERRORS section. + CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. + +nan.3 + mtk + Small wording changes. + CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. + +nextafter.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. + RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. + Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see + also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6799. + CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. + +pow.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Rewrote ERRORS section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + Added BUGS section noting that pole error sets errno to EDOM, + when it should be ERANGE instead; see also + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6776. + +remainder.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. + DESCRIPTION: added some details. + RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. + Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not always set; see + also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6783. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + Added BUGS section noting that remainder(nan(""), 0) + wrongly causes a domain error; see + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6779 + +remquo.3 + mtk + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see + also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6801. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +fmax.3 +fmin.3 + mtk + NAME: Make description clearer + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + SYNOPSIS: Remove unneeded "Compile with" piece. + CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. + Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections. + +fmod.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. + Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not always set; see + also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6783. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +fpclassify.3 + CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. + +rint.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. + DESCRIPTION: added some details. + RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. + ERRORS: no errors can occur (previous text was misleading). + CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. + NOTES: point out that lrint() may be preferred in some cases. + +round.3 + mtk + DESCRIPTION: added some details. + RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. + ERRORS: no errors can occur (previous text was misleading). + CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. + NOTES: point out that lround() may be preferred in some cases. + +scalb.3 + mtk + Removed the scalbn() and scalbln() material to a separate + scalbln.3 page. Reason: scalb() is obsolete; also the + exception/error conditions differ somewhat, so that it + would have been confusing to document them on the same page. + SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. + DESCRIPTION: some rewrites and added details. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see + also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6803 + and http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6804. + CONFORMING TO: Rewrote. + +signbit.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + SYNOPSIS: Remove unneeded "Compile with" piece. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Added (null) ERRORS section. + CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. + +sin.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Added ERRORS section; noted errno is not set: + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6781. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +sincos.3 + mtk + DESCRIPTION: Added details for special argument cases. + Added (null) RETURN VALUE section. + Added ERRORS section. + +sinh.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Added ERRORS section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +sqrt.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Rewrote ERRORS section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +tan.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Added ERRORS section. + Added ERRORS section; noted errno is not set: + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6782. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +tanh.3 + mtk + SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Added (null) ERRORS section. + Updated CONFORMING TO. + +tgamma.3 + mtk + Added RETURN VALUE section. + Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set / + incorrectly set in some cases; see also + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6809 + and http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6810. + CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. + Added NOTES section to hold text explaining origin of tgamma(). + +trunc.3 + mtk + RETURN VALUE: small rewording. + CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. + Added NOTES section explaining that result may be too large + to store in an integer type. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.07 ==================== + +Released: 2008-08-12, Konolfingen + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr> +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> +Cliff Wickman <cpw@sgi.com> +Fabian Kreutz <kreutz@dbs.uni-hannover.de> +Filippo Santovito <filippo.santovito@email.it> +Gerrit Renker <gerrit@erg.abdn.ac.uk> +Heikki Orsila <shd@modeemi.cs.tut.fi> +Khalil GHORBAL <khalil.ghorbal@cea.fr> +Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> +Maxin John <maxin.john@gmail.com> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> +Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Soh Kam Yung <sohkamyung@gmail.com> +Stephane Chazelas <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr> +Pavel Heimlich <tropikhajma@seznam.cz> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +move_pages.2 + Christoph Lameter, various edits and improvements by mtk + Documentation of the move_pages() system call. + This page was formerly part of the numactl package, but really + belongs in man-pages (since it describes a kernel interface). + +clock_getcpuclockid.3 + mtk + New page documenting the clock_getcpuclockid() library function, + available since glibc 2.2. + +udplite.7 + Gerrit Renker + Document the Linux implementation of the UDP-Lite protocol, + new in Linux 2.6.20. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +proc.5 + Christoph Lameter, minor edits and improvements by mtk + Documentation of the /proc/PID/numa_maps file. + This material was formerly the numa_maps.5 page in the numactl + package, but really belongs in man-pages (since it describes + a kernel interface). + + +Global changes +-------------- + +nanosleep.2 +inet_ntop.3 +inet_pton.3 +scanf.3 +initrd.4 + mtk + Fix mis-ordered (.SH) sections. + +connect.2 +socket.2 +rtnetlink.3 +arp.7 +ddp.7 +ip.7 +ipv6.7 +netlink.7 +packet.7 +raw.7 +rtnetlink.7 +socket.7 +tcp.7 +udp.7 +unix.7 +x25.7 + mtk + s/PF_/AF_/ for socket family constants. Reasons: the AF_ and + PF_ constants have always had the same values; there never has + been a protocol family that had more than one address family, + and POSIX.1-2001 only specifies the AF_* constants. + +Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several +other places. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +execve.2 + mtk + The floating-point environment is reset to the default + during an execve(). + +get_mempolicy.2 + Lee Schermerhorn + Misc cleanup of get_mempolicy(2): + + mention that any mode flags will be saved with mode. + I don't bother to document mode flags here because we + already have a pointer to set_mempolicy(2) for more info + on memory policy. mode flags are discussed there. + + remove some old, obsolete [IMO] NOTES and 'roff comments. + Lee Schermerhorn + Update the get_mempolicy(2) man page to add in the description of + the MPOL_F_MEMS_ALLOWED flag, added in 2.6.23. + mtk + Document additional EINVAL error that occurs is MPOL_F_MEMS_ALLOWED + is specified with either MPOL_F_ADDR or MPOL_F_NODE. + +getitimer.2 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks getitimer() and setitimer() + obsolete. + +mbind.2 + Lee Schermerhorn + Fix error conditions, now that the kernel silently ignores + nodes outside the task's cpuset, as long as one valid node + remains. + + Now that cpuset man page exists, we can refer to it. Remove + stale comment regarding lack thereof. + Lee Schermerhorn + Add brief discussion of mode flags. + Lee Schermerhorn + Attempt to clarify discussion of MPOL_DEFAULT. + mtk + Fix URI reference for libnuma. + +mprotect.2 + mtk / Maxin John + Remove EFAULT from errors. Under ENOMEM error, note that + EFAULT was the error produced in some cases for kernels before + 2.4.19. + +msgctl.2 + mtk, after a note from Filippo Santovito + In the ipc_perm structure definition, some fields were + incorrectly named: s/key/__key/ and s/seq/__seq/. + +set_mempolicy.2 + Lee Schermerhorn + Fix up the error return for nodemask containing nodes disallowed by + the process' current cpuset. Disallowed nodes are now silently ignored, + as long as the nodemask contains at least one node that is on-line, + allowed by the process' cpuset and has memory. + + Now that we have a cpuset man page, we can refer to cpusets directly + in the man page text. + + Lee Schermerhorn + Another attempt to rationalize description of MPOL_DEFAULT. + + Since ~2.6.25, the system default memory policy is "local allocation". + MPOL_DEFAULT itself is a request to remove any non-default policy and + "fall back" to the surrounding context. Try to say that without delving + into implementation details. + + Lee Schermerhorn + Add discussion of mempolicy mode flags to set_mempolicy(2). + This adds another reason for EINVAL. + +setpgid.2 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks setpgrp() obsolete. + +semctl.2 + mtk, after a note from Filippo Santovito + In the ipc_perm structure definition, some fields were + incorrectly named: s/key/__key/ and s/seq/__seq/. + +shmctl.2 + Filippo Santovito / mtk + In the ipc_perm structure definition, some fields were + incorrectly named: s/key/__key/ and s/seq/__seq/. + +utime.2 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks utime() obsolete. + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the POSIX.1-2001 LEGACY + marking of utimes(), so mention of this point has been + removed from the page. + +vfork.2 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of vfork(). + +atan2.3 + Fabian Kreutz + SEE ALSO Add carg(3). + +bcmp.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of bcmp(). + +bsd_signal.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification ofcw + bsd_signal(). + +bzero.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of bzero(). + +cexp2.3 + mtk + AVAILABILITY: These functions are still not in glibc + as at version 2.8. + +clock_getres.3 + mtk + SEE ALSO: Add clock_getcpuclockid(3). + +clog2.3 + mtk + AVAILABILITY: These functions are still not in glibc + as at version 2.8. + +ctime.3 + mtk + POSIX.1-2008 marks asctime(), asctime_r(), ctime(), and ctime_r() + as obsolete. + +dprintf.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: These functions are nowadays in POSIX.1-2008. + +ecvt.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specifications of + ecvt() and fcvt(). + +ftime.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of ftime(). + +ftw.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks ftw() as obsolete. + +gcvt.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of gcvt(). + +getcwd.3 + Reuben Thomas / mtk + Clarify description of getcwd() for buf==NULL case; + CONFORMING TO: According to POSIX.1, the behavior of getcwd() + is unspecified for the buf==NULL case. + mtk + Add an introductory paragraph giving an overview of what these + functions do. + Fix error in description of getwd(): it does not truncate the + pathname; rather, it gives an error if the pathname exceeds + PATH_MAX bytes. + Rewrote RETURN VALUE section. + Add EINVAL ENAMETOOLONG errors for getwd(). + Various other clarifications and wording fixes. + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2001 does not define any errors for + getwd(). + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of getwd(). + +gethostbyname.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specifications of + gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), and h_errno. + +gets.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of gets(). + +iconv.3 +iconv_close.3 +iconv_open.3 + mtk + VERSIONS: These functions are available in glibc since version 2.1. + +index.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specifications of + index() and rindex(). + +isalpha.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks isalpha() as obsolete. + +makecontext.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specifications of + makecontext() and swapcontext(). + +memchr.3 + mtk + VERSIONS: memrchr() since glibc 2.2; rawmemchr() since glibc 2.1. + +mempcpy.3 + mtk + VERSIONS: mempcpy() since glibc 2.1. + +mktemp.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of mktemp(). + +opendir.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 specifies fdopendir(). + +rand.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks rand_r() as obsolete. + +siginterrupt.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks siginterrupt() as obsolete. + +sigset.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks sighold(), sigignore(), + sigpause(), sigrelse(), and sigset() as obsolete. + +strchr.3 + mtk + VERSIONS: strchrnul() since glibc 2.1.1. + +tempnam.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks tempnam() as obsolete. + +tmpnam.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks tmpnam() as obsolete. + +toascii.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks toascii() as obsolete. + +ualarm.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of ualarm(). + +ulimit.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks ulimit() as obsolete. + +usleep.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of usleep(). + +standards.7 + mtk + Updated details for POSIX.1-2008, and noted that if + POSIX.1-2001 is listed in the CONFORMING TO section of a man + page, then the reader can assume that the interface is also + specified in POSIX.1-2008, unless otherwise noted. + +time.7 + mtk + SEE ALSO: Add clock_getcpuclockid(3). + +udp.7 + mtk + SEE ALSO: add udplite(7). + + +Changes to individual pages (math functions) +-------------------------------------------- + +Various changes here following on from the big update to the +math pages in the previous release. Test results going back +glibc 2.3.2 (so far) allowed updates to various pages to note +changes in historical behavior for error reporting by math +functions. Thanks to the following people for providing me +with test results on various distributions and glibc versions: +Alain Portal, Andries Brouwer, Fabian Kreutz, Heikki Orsila, +Khalil GHORBAL, Pavel Heimlich, Reuben Thomas, Samuel Thibault, +Soh Kam Yung, and Stephane Chazelas + +cabs.3 +cacos.3 +cacosh.3 +carg.3 +casin.3 +casinh.3 +catan.3 +catanh.3 +ccos.3 +ccosh.3 +cexp.3 +cimag.3 +clog.3 +clog10.3 +conj.3 +cpow.3 +cproj.3 +creal.3 +csin.3 +csinh.3 +csqrt.3 +ctan.3 +ctanh.3 +exp10.3 +exp2.3 +fdim.3 +fenv.3 +fma.3 +fmax.3 +fmin.3 +log2.3 +lrint.3 +lround.3 +nan.3 +pow10.3 +remquo.3 +round.3 +scalbln.3 +sincos.3 +tgamma.3 +trunc.3 + mtk + Added VERSIONS section noting that these functions first + appeared in glibc in version 2.1. + +cosh.3 + mtk + BUGS: In glibc 2.3.4 and earlier, an FE_OVERFLOW exception is not + raised when an overflow occurs. + +fenv.3 + mtk / Fabian Kreuz + Provide more detail in the description of rounding modes. + Add text describing FLT_ROUNDS (formerly in fma.3). + Add BUGS section pointing out the FLT_ROUNDS does not reflect + changes by fesetround(). + +fma.3 + mtk + Remove text about FLT_ROUNDS, replacing with a cross-reference + to fenv(3). + +fpclassify.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: Note that the standards provide a weaker guarantee + for the return value of isinf(). + +log.3 + mtk + BUGS: In glibc 2.5 and earlier, log(nan("")) produces a bogus + FE_INVALID exception. + +lround.3 + mtk + Add reference to fenv(3) for discussion of current rounding mode. + +nextafter.3 + mtk + BUGS: In glibc 2.5 and earlier these functions do not raise an + FE_UNDERFLOW exception on underflow. + +pow.3 + mtk + BUGS: described buggy NaN return when x is negative and y is large. + See also: http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=3866. + BUGS: Note the bogus FE_INVALID exception that occurred in glibc + 2.3.2 and earlier on overflow and underflow. + +remainder.3 + mtk + Add reference to fenv(3) for discussion of current rounding mode. + +round.3 + mtk + Add reference to fenv(3) for discussion of current rounding mode. + +scalb.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of scalb(). + +tgamma.3 + mtk + BUGS: In glibc 2.3.3, tgamma(+-0) produced a domain error + instead of a pole error. + +y0.3 + mtk + In glibc 2.3.2 and earlier, these functions do not raise an + FE_INVALID exception for a domain error. + +math_error.7 + mtk + Rewrite introductory paragraph. + Point out that a NaN is commonly returned by functions that report + a domain error. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.08 ==================== + +Released: 2008-08-27, Zurich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Gerrit Renker <gerrit@erg.abdn.ac.uk> +Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> +Mike Bianchi <MBianchi@foveal.com> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Venkatesh Srinivas <me@acm.jhu.edu> +Vijay Kumar <vijaykumar@bravegnu.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +getnetent_r.3 + mtk + Documents getnetent_r(), getnetbyname_r(), + and getnetbyaddr_r(), the reentrant equivalents of + getnetent(), getnetbyname(), and getnetbyaddr(). + +getprotoent_r.3 + mtk + Documents getprotoent_r(), getprotobyname_r(), and + getprotobynumber_r(), the reentrant equivalents of + getprotoent(), getprotobyname(), and getprotobynumber(). + +getrpcent_r.3 + mtk + Documents getrpcent_r(), getrpcbyname_r(), and + getrpcbynumber_r(), the reentrant equivalents of + getrpcent(), getrpcbyname(), and getrpcbynumber(). + +getservent_r.3 + mtk + Documents getservent_r(), getservbyname_r(), and + getservbyport_r(), the reentrant equivalents of + getservent(), getservbyname(), and getservbyport(). + +numa.7 + mtk + A new page giving overview details for the Linux NUMA interfaces. + Incorporates some material from mbind.2, and the description + of /proc/PID/numa_maps from proc.5. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +crypt.3 + mtk + Add description of crypt_r(). + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +crypt.3 + mtk + New link to crypt.3. + +getnetbyname_r.3 +getnetbyaddr_r.3 + mtk + New links to new getnetent_r.3. + +getprotobyname_r.3 +getprotobynumber_r.3 + mtk + New links to new getprotoent_r.3. + +getrpcbyname_r.3 +getrpcbynumber_r.3 + mtk + New links to new getrpcent_r.3. + +getservbyname_r.3 +getservbyport_r.3 + mtk + New links to new getservent_r.3. + +numa_maps.5 + mtk + Link to new numa(7) page, which incorporates the + /proc/PID/numa_maps description. + As part of the numactl() package, the /proc/PID/numa_maps + documentation was in a numa_maps.5 page; this link + ensures that "man 5 numa_maps" still works. + (Eventually, we may want to remove this link.) + + +Global changes +-------------- + +get_mempolicy.2 +mbind.2 +move_pages.2 +set_mempolicy.2 + mtk + Add reference to numa(7) for information on library support. + Added a VERSIONS section. + SEE ALSO: Add numa(7). + +faccessat.2 +fchmodat.2 +fchownat.2 +fstatat.2 +mkdirat.2 +mknodat.2 +linkat.2 +openat.2 +readlinkat.2 +renameat.2 +symlinkat.2 +unlinkat.2 +mkfifoat.3 +psignal.3 +strsignal.3 + mtk + These interfaces are specified in POSIX.1-2008. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +eventfd.2 + Vijay Kumar + When an eventfd overflows, select() indicates the file as both + readable and writable (not as having an exceptional condition). + +fcntl.2 + mtk + F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC is specified in POSIX.1-2008. + +getrlimit.2 + mtk + NOTES: Add text mentioning the shell 'ulimit' (or 'limit') + built-in command for setting resource limits. + +gettimeofday.2 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks gettimeofday() as obsolete. + +link.2 + mtk + Note kernel version where Linux stopped following symbolic + links in 'oldpath'; see also http://lwn.net/Articles/294667. + POSIX.1-2008 makes it implementation-dependent whether or not + 'oldpath' is dereferenced if it is a symbolic link. + Add a reference to linkat(2) for an interface that allows + precise control of the treatment of symbolic links. + +mbind.2 + mtk + Remove material on library support and numactl; that material + is now in numactl.7. + +mmap.2 + mtk + Add kernel version numbers for MAP_32BIT. + Add some details on MAP_32BIT (see http://lwn.net/Articles/294642). + +move_pages.2 + mtk + Added VERSIONS (from kernel 2.6.18) and CONFORMING TO sections. + +open.2 + mtk + O_CLOEXEC is specified in POSIX.1-2008. + +socket.2 + mtk + s/d/domain/ for name of argument. + Add reference to socket(2) for further information on + domain, type, and protocol arguments. + +utimensat.2 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 specifies utimensat() and futimens(). + +dirfd.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; other minor changes. + +exec.3 + mtk + Small rewording: "s/returned/failed with/ [an error]". + +fmemopen.3 + mtk + Since glibc 2.7, it is possible to seek past the end of + a stream created by open_memstream(). Add a BUGS section + describing the bug in earlier glibc versions. + +gethostbyname.3 + mtk + Clarify exactly which functions are obsoleted by getnameinfo() + and getaddrinfo(). + +getnetent.3 + mtk + Rephrase description in terms of a database, rather than a file. + Note that each of the get*() functions opens a connection to + the database if necessary. + The database connection is held open between get*() calls if + 'stayopen' is non-zero (not necessarily 1). + s/zero terminated list/NULL-terminated list/ + mtk + In glibc 2.2, the type of the 'net' argument for getnetbyaddr() + changed from 'long' to 'uint32_t'. + mtk + Note that the gethostbyaddr() 'net' argument is in host byte order. + mtk + RETURN VALUE: emphasize that returned pointer points to a + statically allocated structure. + SEE ALSO: add getnetent_r.3. + +getprotoent.3 + mtk + Rephrase description in terms of a database, rather than a file. + Note that each of the get*() functions opens a connection to + the database if necessary. + The database connection is held open between get*() calls if + 'stayopen' is non-zero (not necessarily 1). + s/zero terminated list/NULL-terminated list/ + mtk + RETURN VALUE: emphasize that returned pointer points to a + statically allocated structure. + SEE ALSO: add getprotoent_r.3. + +getrpcent.3 + mtk + s/rpc/RPC/. + Rephrase description in terms of a database, rather than a file. + Note that each of the get*() functions opens a connection to + the database if necessary. + s/zero terminated list/NULL-terminated list/ + mtk + RETURN VALUE: emphasize that returned pointer points to a + statically allocated structure. + SEE ALSO: add getrpcent_r.3. + +getservent.3 + mtk + Rephrase description in terms of a database, rather than a file. + Note that each of the get*() functions opens a connection to + the database if necessary. + The database connection is held open between get*() calls if + 'stayopen' is non-zero (not necessarily 1). + s/zero terminated list/NULL-terminated list/ + mtk + RETURN VALUE: emphasize that returned pointer points to a + statically allocated structure. + SEE ALSO: add getservent_r.3. + +mkdtemp.3 + mtk + CONFORMING TO: this function is specified in POSIX.1-2008. + +mq_notify.3 + Venkatesh Srinivas + s/sigev_notify_function/sigev_thread_function/ + as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=494956. + +realpath.3 + mtk + Relocate text for resolved_path==NULL case to DESCRIPTION. + POSIX.1-2001 leaves the resolved_path==NULL case as + implementation-defined; POSIX.1-2008 specifies the behavior + described in this man page. + +sem_init.3 + mtk + POSIX.1-2008 rectifies the POSIX.1-2001 omission, specifying + that zero is returned by a successful sem_init() call. + +core.5 + Mike Bianchi / mtk + Make the page more helpful to non-programmers by referencing + the documentation of the shell's 'ulimit' command in the + discussion of RLIMIT_CORE and RLIMIT_FSIZE. + SEE ALSO: Add bash(1). + mtk + Note that a core dump file can be used in a debugger. + +proc.5 + mtk + Remove /proc/PID/numa_maps material (it is now in numa(7)). + +cpuset.7 + mtk + SEE ALSO: Add numa(7). + +inotify.7 + mtk / Li Zefan + Explain bug that occurred in coalescing identical events in + kernels before 2.6.25. + (See commit 1c17d18e3775485bf1e0ce79575eb637a94494a2 + "A potential bug in inotify_user.c" in the 2.6.25 Changelog.) + +pthreads.7 + mtk + Update thread-safe functions list with changes in POSIX.1-2008. + SEE ALSO: add proc(5). + +signal.7 + mtk + Update list of async-signal-safe functions for POSIX.1-2008. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.09 ==================== + +Released: 2008-09-10, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Bernd Eckenfels <be-mail2006@lina.inka.de> +Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org> +Carsten Emde <Carsten.Emde@osadl.org> +Christopher Head <chead@telus.net> +H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> +Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de> +Joe Korty <joe.korty@ccur.com> +Marko Kreen <markokr@gmail.com> +Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org> +Mats Wichmann <mats.d.wichmann@intel.com> +Michael Schurter <michael@susens-schurter.com> +Mike Bianchi <MBianchi@foveal.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Suka <sukadev@us.ibm.com> +Timothy S. Nelson <wayland@wayland.id.au> +Tolga Dalman <tdalman@project-psi.org> +Török Edwin <edwintorok@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +fopencookie.3 + mtk + Document fopencookie(3), a library function that allows + custom implementation of a stdio stream. + +networks.5 + Martin (Joey) Schulze, with a few light edits by mtk + Documents the /etc/networks file. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + mtk + s/time zone/timezone/ for consistency across pages and + with POSIX.1. + +kill.2 +sigaction.2 +sigpending.2 +sigprocmask.2 +sigsuspend.2 +confstr.3 +ctermid.3 +ctime.3 +ferror.3 +flockfile.3 +fopen.3 +getaddrinfo.3 +getgrnam.3 +getnameinfo.3 +getopt.3 +getpwnam.3 +longjmp.3 +popen.3 +rand.3 +readdir.3 +setjmp.3 +sigsetops.3 +sigwait.3 +strtok.3 +tzset.3 +unlocked_stdio.3 + mtk + Add/fix feature test macro requirements. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +fcntl.2 + mtk, after a note by Mike Bianchi + More clearly and consistently describe whether + or not the third argument to fcntl() is required, + and what its type should be. + mtk + Move description of negative l_len from NOTES, integrating + it into the discussion of file locking. + Minor rewrites of the text on file locking. + +getrusage.2 + Bernd Eckenfels + SEE ALSO: Add clock(3), clock_gettime(3). + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=353475 + +ioctl_list.2 + mtk + Remove old sentence about where to send updates for this page. + Add more detail on mount options that prevent updates to atime. + +sched_setscheduler.2 + Carsten Emde + Update kernel version numbers relating to real-time support. + +stat.2 + H. Peter Anvin + Note that lstat() will generally not trigger automounter + action, whereas stat() will. + +clock.3 + Bernd Eckenfels + SEE ALSO: Add clock_gettime(3). + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=353475 + +clock_getres.3 + Tolga Dalman / mtk + Add "Link with -lrt" to SYNOPSIS; remove now redundant + sentence mentioning librt from NOTES. + +getdate.3 + mtk + Rewrite description of getdate_r() and integrate into main text + (rather than describing in NOTES). + Other parts rewritten for greater clarity. + Make it clearer in the main text that glibc does not implement %Z; + remove discussion of that point from NOTES. + Added an example program. + +hsearch.3 + mtk + Noted that table size as specified by 'nel' is immutable. + Described differences between hsearch() and hsearch_r(). + Added missing pieces to RETURN VALUE. + Added a number of new entries under ERRORS. + NOTES: added some basic advice on sizing the hash table; + noted that when a table is destroyed, the caller is responsible + for freeing the buffers pointed to by 'key' and 'data' fields. + One of the BUGS was fixed in glibc 2.3. + Rewrote and clarified various other pieces. + Rename arguments for reentrant functions, using same name as + glibc headers: s/ret/retval/; s/tab/htab/. + mtk, after a suggestion by Timothy S. Nelson + Integrate discussion of reentrant functions into main discussion + (rather than as a short paragraph at the end). + +iconv.3 + Bruno Haible + Describe "shift sequence" input. + +ptsname.3 + sukadev + Fix return type of ptsname_r() in SYNOPSIS. + +readdir.3 + H. Peter Anvin + s/stat(2)/lstat(2)/ when discussing d_type (since we + are talking about a case where we might be interested to + whether the file itself is a symbolic link). + +sigsetops.3 + Chris Head, signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger + Fix typo: s/sigdelset/sigorset/ + +proc.5 + Mats Wichmann / mtk + s/\[number]/[pid]/ in file names for /proc/PID files. + And similar changes for task/[tid] sub-directories. + mtk / Mats Wichmann + In the description if /proc/[pid]/environ, remove reference to + lilo(8)/grub(8) since there seems to be nothing in those pages + that related to this /proc file. + Michael Schurter / mtk + Remove sentence wrongly saying that /proc/meminfo reports + info in bytes; + see http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=462969 + mtk + Note that /proc/meminfo reports system-wide memory usage + statistics. + Joe Korty + Document new fields in /proc/interrupts that were added in + Linux 2.6.24. + +unix.7 + Marko Kreen + Since glibc 2.8, _GNU_SOURCE must be defined in order to get + the definition of the ucred structure from <sys/socket.h>. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.10 ==================== + +Released: 2008-09-23, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +André Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com> +George Spelvin <linux@horizon.com> +Pavel Heimlich <tropikhajma@seznam.cz> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +John Reiser <jreiser@bitwagon.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +closedir.3 +dirfd.3 +readdir.3 +rewinddir.3 +scandir.3 +seekdir.3 +telldir.3 + mtk + Fix 'dir' argument name: should be 'dirp'. + POSIX.1-2008 and glibc call this argument 'dirp' (consistent + with the fact that it is a *pointer* to a DIR structure). + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clone.2 + mtk, after a comment by John Reiser + Clarify text describing getpid() caching bug for clone() wrapper. + See also: + http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6910 + https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=417521 + +getpid.2 + mtk, after a comment by John Reiser + Describe getpid()'s PID caching and its consequences. + +timerfd_create.2 + Sam Varshavchik + s/it_interval/it_value/ when talking about TIMERFD_ABSTIME. + +closedir.3 + George Spelvin + Clarify closedir()'s treatment of underlying file descriptor. + +tsearch.3 + André Goddard Rosa + Fix memory leak in example program. + Add use of tdestroy to example program. + mtk + Add "#define _GNU_SOURCE" to example program. + +protocols.5 + mtk, after a note from Pavel Heimlich + Remove SEE ALSO references to nonexistent Guides to Yellow Pages + +services.5 + mtk + Remove some out-of-date bugs. + mtk, after a note from Pavel Heimlich + Remove SEE ALSO references to nonexistent Guides to Yellow Pages + and Bind/Hesiod docs. + mtk + Remove crufty text about use of comma instead of slash to separate + port and protocol. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.11 ==================== + +Released: 2008-10-07, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +André Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com> +Eugene V. Lyubimkin <jackyf.devel@gmail.com> +Gergely Soos <sogerc1@gmail.com> +Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name> +Marko Kreen <markokr@gmail.com> +Maxin B. John <maxin.john@ap.sony.com> +Maxin John <maxin.john@gmail.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net> +Pavel Heimlich <tropikhajma@seznam.cz> +Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez <jimenezrick@gmail.com> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +umount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Create a new page for umount() and umount2() by extracting + existing material from mount.2 page. + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +umount2.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Change link to point to new umount.2 + The umount2() material migrated from mount.2 to umount.2 + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk + _SC_ARG_MAX is no longer necessarily constant + POSIX.1-2001 says that the values returned by sysconf() + are constant for the life of the process. + But the fact that, since Linux 2.6.23, ARG_MAX is settable + via RLIMIT_STACK means _SC_ARG_MAX is no longer constant, + since it can change at each execve(). + Michael Kerrisk + Linux now imposes a floor on the ARG_MAX limit + Starting with Linux 2.6.23, the ARG_MAX limit became + settable via (1/4 of) RLIMIT_STACK. This broke ABI + compatibility if RLIMIT_STACK was set such that ARG_MAX + was < 32 pages. Document the fact that since 2.6.25 + Linux imposes a floor on ARG_MAX, so that the old limit + of 32 pages is guaranteed. + + For some background on the changes to ARG_MAX in + kernels 2.6.23 and 2.6.25, see: + http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5786 + http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=10095 + http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/646709/focus=648101, + checked into 2.6.25 as + commit a64e715fc74b1a7dcc5944f848acc38b2c4d4ee2. + + Also some reordering/rewording of the discussion of ARG_MAX. + +fallocate.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note lack of glibc wrapper; caller must use syscall(2) + Glibc doesn't (and quite probably won't) include a + wrapper for this system call. Therefore, point out that + potential callers will need to use syscall(2), and rewrite + the RETURN VALUE text to show things as they would be if + syscall() is used. + + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to posix_fallocate(3) for portable interface + Add a para to start of page that points out that this is the + low-level, Linux-specific API, and point the reader to + posix_fallocate(3) for the portable API. + +getdents.2 +readdir.3 + Michael Kerrisk + d_type is currently only supported on ext[234] + As at kernel 2.6.27, only ext[234] support d_type. + On other file systems, d_type is always set to DT_UNKNOWN (0). + +getdents.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add an example program + Michael Kerrisk + comment out linux_dirent fields with varying location + The location of the fields after d_name varies according to + the size of d_name. We can't properly declare them in C; + therefore, put those fields inside a comment. + Michael Kerrisk + The DT_* constants are defined in <dirent.h> + Michael Kerrisk + Remove header files from SYNOPSIS + None of the header files provides what is needed. + Calls are made via syscall(2). + Michael Kerrisk + The programmer must define the linux_dirent structure + Point out that this structure is not defined in glibc headers. + Michael Kerrisk + s/dirent/linux_dirent/ + The structure isn't currently defined in glibc headers, + and the kernel name of the structure is 'linux_dirent' (as + was already used in some, but not all, places in this page). + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Reword/relocate discussion of BSD's historical RLIMIT_OFILE + The old sentence sat on its own in an odd place, and anyway the + modern BSDs use the name RLIMIT_NOFILE. + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to execve(2) for RLIMIT_STACK's effect on ARG_MAX + Refer the reader to new text in execve(2) that describes how + (since Linux 2.6.23) RLIMIT_STACK determines the value of ARG_MAX. + +getrusage.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rusage measures are preserved across execve(2) + +mlock.2 + Maxin John + Add EAGAIN error. + +move_pages.2 + Nicolas François + Make a detail of EPERM error more precise + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add description of per-process namespaces + Describe per-process namespaces, including discussion + of clone() and unshare CLONE_NEWNS, and /proc/PID/mounts. + Michael Kerrisk + List a few other file systems that we may see in /proc/filesystems + Add some modern file systems to that list (xfs, jfs, ext3, + reiserfs). + Michael Kerrisk + Document MS_SILENT (and MS_VERBOSE) + +mount.2 +umount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Split umount*() out into a separate page + The length of this page means that it's becoming difficult + to parse which info is specific to mount() versus + umount()/umount2(), so split the umount material out into + its own page. + +pause.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mention of words "library function" + This really is a system call. + +readdir.2 + Michael Kerrisk + The programmer must declare the old_linux_dirent structure + Glibc does not provide a definition of this structure. + Michael Kerrisk + s/dirent/old_linux_dirent/ + Nowadays, this is the name of the structure in the + kernel sources. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove words "which may change" + These words are slightly bogus: although the interface + is obsolete, for ABI-compatibility reasons, the kernel folk + should never be changing this interface. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove header files from SYNOPSIS + glibc doesn't provide any support for readdir(2), + so remove these header files (which otherwise suggest + that glibc does provide the required pieces). + +recv.2 + Nicolas François + Move kernel version number to first mention to MSG_ERRQUEUE. + +semop.2 + Kirill A. Shutemov + Fix typo in example + (The '&' before sop in the semop() call is unneeded.) + +send.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Make kernel version for MSG_CONFIRM more precise + s/2.3+ only/Since Linux 2.3.15/ + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to signal(7) for an overview of signals + Explain semantics of signal disposition during fork() and execve() + Refer to signal(7) for more details on signal mask. + +sigaltstack.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Explain inheritance of alternate signal stack across fork(2) + +sigwaitinfo.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Distinguish per-thread and process-wide signals + A sentence clarifying that pending signal set is union of + per-thread and process-wide pending signal sets. + + Michael Kerrisk + These interfaces have per-thread semantics + The page was previously fuzzy about whether these interfaces + have process-wide or per-thread semantics. (E.g., now the + page states that the calling *thread* (not process) is suspended + until the signal is delivered.) + +sigpending.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Explain effect of fork() and execve() for pending signal set + Michael Kerrisk + Explain how thread's pending signal set is defined + The pending set is the union of per-thread pending signals + and process-wide pending signals. + +sigprocmask.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Explain effects of fork() and execve() for signal mask + +splice.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that SPLICE_F_MOVE is a no-op since kernel 2.6.21 + +syscall.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add more detail about wrapper functions + Add a few more details about work generally done by wrapper + functions. Note that syscall(2) performs the same steps. + +tkill.2 + Michael Kerrisk + EINVAL error can also occur for invalid TGID + The EINVAL error on an invalid TGID for tgkill() was + not documented; this change documents it. + +utimensat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + POSIX.1-2008 revision will likely affect FTMs for futimens() + Make it clear that the POSIX.1 revision that is likely + to affect the feature test macro requirements for futimens() + is POSIX.1-2008. + Nicolas François + Make various wordings a little more precise. + The times argument point to *an array of* structures, and the + man-page should say that consistently. + +wait4.2 + Michael Kerrisk + wait3() is a library function layered on wait4(). + On Linux wait3() is a library function implemented on top + of wait4(). (Knowing this is useful when using strace(2), + for example.) + +atan2.3 + Nicolas François + Fix error in description of range or return value + In recent changes to the man page, mtk accidentally changed + the description of the return value range to -pi/2..pi/2; + the correct range is -pi..pi. + +cmsg.3 + Nicolas François + Add parentheses after macro names. + +ctime.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify mktime()'s use of tm_isdst + Describe use of tm_isdst for input to mktime(); + explain how mktime() modifies this field. + (This field is left unchanged in case of error.) + + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=500178 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify wording for ctime_r() and asctime_r() to indicate that + the buffer must be at least 26 *bytes*. + Michael Kerrisk + Minor rewording of mktime() description. + +floor.3 + Nicolas François + floor.3: Fix error in description: s/smallest/largest/ + +hsearch.3 + André Goddard Rosa + Call hdestroy() after using hash table created by hcreate(), + for the sake of completeness + +mq_getattr.3 + Michael Kerrisk + mq_getattr() and mq_setattr() are layered on mq_getsetattr(2) + mq_getattr() and mq_setattr() are library functions layered on + top of the mq_getsetattr(2) system call. + (This is useful info for users of strace(1).) + +mq_receive.3 + Michael Kerrisk + mq_send() is a library function layered on mq_timedreceive() syscall + This info is useful for users of strace(1). + +mq_send.3 + Michael Kerrisk + mq_send() is a library function layered on mq_timedsend() syscall + This info is useful for users of strace(1). + +nextafter.3 + Nicolas François + Make description more precise: s/next/largest/ + +readdir.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add getdents(2) + Because readdir() is implemented on top of getdents(2). + +realpath.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that returned pathname is NULL terminated + Also clarify that null-byte is included in PATH_MAX limit. + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite and simplify description of /proc/mounts + Most of the relevant discussion is now under /proc/PID/mounts; + all that needs to be here is a mention of the pre-2.4.19 + system-wide namespace situation, and a reference to the + discussion under /proc/PID/mounts. + Michael Kerrisk + Add description of /proc/PID/mounts + Largely cribbed from existing /proc/mounts discussion, which is + about to be rewritten. + +mq_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add mq_notify() to list of lib. functions and syscalls in MQ API + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Improve description in NAME section + Add mention of sigaltstack(2). + Describe syscalls that synchronously wait for a signal, + Give overview of syscalls that block until a signal is caught + Add overview of interfaces for sending signals. + + Michael Kerrisk + Describe semantics w.r.t. fork() and execve() + Include text describing semantics of fork() and execve() for + signal dispositions, signal mask, and pending signal set. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.12 ==================== + +Released: 2008-10-29, Bucaramanga + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Bert Wesarg <bert.wesarg@googlemail.com> +Christian Grigis <glove@earthling.net> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> +Didier <did447@gmail.com> +Halesh S <halesh.s@india.com> +J.H.M. Dassen (Ray) <fsmla@xinara.org> +Jason Spiro <jasonspiro4@gmail.com> +Lefteris Dimitroulakis <edimitro@tee.gr> +Michael B. Trausch <mike@trausch.us> +Pierre Cazenave <pwc101@noc.soton.ac.uk> +Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +pthread_attr_init.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_attr_init(3) and pthread_attr_destroy(3) + +pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_attr_setdetachstate(3) and + pthread_attr_getdetachstate(3) + +pthread_attr_setguardsize.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_attr_setguardsize(3) and + pthread_attr_getguardsize(3) + +pthread_attr_setscope.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_attr_setscope(3) and pthread_attr_getscope(3) + +pthread_attr_setstack.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_attr_setstack(3) and pthread_attr_getstack(3) + +pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_attr_setstackaddr(3) and + pthread_attr_getstackaddr(3) + +pthread_attr_setstacksize.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_attr_setstacksize(3) and + pthread_attr_getstacksize(3) + +pthread_create.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page describing pthread_create(3) + +pthread_detach.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_detach(3) + +pthread_equal.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_equal(3) + +pthread_exit.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page describing pthread_exit(3) + +pthread_getattr_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_getattr_np(3) + +pthread_join.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_join(3) + +pthread_self.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_self(3) + +pthread_tryjoin_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_tryjoin_np(3) and pthread_timedjoin_np(3) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +dup.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add description of dup3() + dup3() was added in kernel 2.6.27. + +epoll_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add description of new epoll_create1() + The new epoll_create1() system call appeared in Linux 2.6.27. + +eventfd.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe eventfd2() and EFD_NONBLOCK and EFD_CLOEXEC + Linux 2.6.27 added eventfd(), which supports a flags argument + that eventfd() did not provide. The flags so far implemented + are EFD_NONBLOCK and EFD_CLOEXEC, + +inotify_init.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add description of inotify_init1() + The inotify_init1() system call was added in Linux 2.6.27. + +pipe.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add description of new pipe2() syscall + pipe2() was added in 2.6.27. Describe the O_NONBLOCK and + O_CLOEXEC flags. + +signalfd.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe signalfd4() and SFD_NONBLOCK and SFD_CLOEXEC + Linux 2.6.27 added signalfd4(), which supports a flags argument + that signalfd() did not provide. The flags so far implemented + are SFD_NONBLOCK and SFD_CLOEXEC. + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +dup3.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to dup.2 + dup.2 now contains the description of the new dup3() syscall. + +epoll_create1.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to epoll_create.2 + epoll_create.2 now includes a description of the new + epoll_create1() system call. + +eventfd2.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to eventfd.2 + The eventfd.2 page has some details on the eventfd2() system call, + which was new in Linux 2.6.27. + +inotify_init1.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to inotify_init.2 + inotify_init.2 now includes a description of the new + inotify_init1() system call. + +pipe2.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to pipe.2 + pipe(2) now contains a description of the new pipe2() syscall. + +pthread_attr_destroy.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_attr_init.3 + +pthread_attr_getdetachstate.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3 + +pthread_attr_getguardsize.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_attr_setguardsize.3 + +pthread_attr_getscope.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_attr_setscope.3 + +pthread_attr_getstack.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_attr_setstack.3 + +pthread_attr_getstackaddr.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3 + +pthread_attr_getstacksize.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_attr_setstacksize.3 + +pthread_timedjoin_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_tryjoin_np.3 + +signalfd4.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to signalfd.2 + signalfd.2 now includes text describing signalfd4() system call, + new in Linux 2.6.27. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +eventfd.2, getdents.2, mprotect.2, signalfd.2, timerfd_create.2, +wait.2, backtrace.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, end.3, fmemopen.3, +fopencookie.3, getdate.3, getgrouplist.3, getprotoent_r.3, +getservent_r.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, inet.3, inet_pton.3, +makecontext.3, matherr.3, offsetof.3, pthread_attr_init.3, +pthread_create.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, sem_wait.3, strtol.3, core.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Add ".SS Program source" to EXAMPLE + Add ".SS Program source" to clearly distinguish shell session and + descriptive text from actual program code. + +eventfd.2, execve.2, getdents.2, ioprio_set.2, mprotect.2, +signalfd.2, timerfd_create.2, wait.2, backtrace.3, +clock_getcpuclockid.3, end.3, fmemopen.3, fopencookie.3, frexp.3, +getdate.3, getgrouplist.3, getprotoent_r.3, getservent_r.3, +gnu_get_libc_version.3, inet.3, inet_pton.3, makecontext.3, +malloc.3, matherr.3, offsetof.3, pthread_attr_init.3, +pthread_create.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, sem_wait.3, strftime.3, +strtok.3, strtol.3, core.5, proc.5, cpuset.7, mq_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Format user input in shell sessions in boldface + +frexp.3, strftime.3, strtok.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate shell session above example program + Move the shell session text that demonstrates the use of + the example program so that it precedes the actual + example program. This makes the page consistent with the + majority of other pages. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +epoll_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Say more about unused epoll_create() 'size' arg + Supply a little more explanation about why the 'size' argument + of epoll_create() is nowadays ignored. + +eventfd.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty text relating to flags argument + Remove sentence saying that glibc adds a flags argument + to the syscall; that was only relevant for the older + eventfd() system call. +getdents.2 + Christoph Hellwig + Fix text relating to DT_UNKNOWN and 'd_type' support + Some file systems provide partial support for 'dt_type', + returning DT_UNKNOWN for cases they don't support. + Update the discussion of 'd_type' and DT_UNKNOWN to + support this. + +getpeername.2, getsockname.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ip(7) and unix(7) + +getsockopt.2 + Michael Kerrisk + EINVAL can also occur if 'optval' is invalid + In some cases, EINVAL can occur if 'optval' is invalid. + Note this, and point reader to an example in ip(7). + In response to: + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=216092 + +inotify_init.2 +pipe.2 +timerfd_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify *_NONBLOCK description + Make it clear that the NONBLOCK flag sets an attribute in the new + open file description. + +sched_yield.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite description in terms of threads + The text formerly described the operation of sched_yield() in + terms of processes. It should be in terms of threads. + Michael Kerrisk + Add NOTES text on appropriate use of sched_yield() + Strategic calls to sched_yield() can be used to improve + performance, but unnecessary use should be avoided. + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that sa_mask affects the *per-thread* signal mask + The page didn't previously clearly explain the scope of the + signal mask that is affected by sa_mask. + +signalfd.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty text relating to flags argument + Remove sentence saying that glibc adds a flags argument + to the syscall; that was only relevant for the older + signalfd() system call. + +sigprocmask.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that sigprocmask() operates on a per-thread mask + The first sentence of the page was vague on the scope of the + attribute changed by sigprocmask(). Reword to make this + clearer and add a sentence in NOTES to explicitly state that + the signal mask is a per-thread attribute. + +socket.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document SOCK_NONBLOCK and SOCK_CLOEXEC flags + These flags, specified in the 'type' argument, are supported + since Linux 2.6.27. + +socketpair.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to socket(2) for SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK + Refer the reader to socket(2) for a description of the SOCK_CLOEXEC + and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags, which are supported by socketpair() since + Linux 2.6.27. + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add new 2.6.27 system calls + Add pipe2(), dup3(), epoll_create1(), inotify_init1(), + eventfd2(), signalfd4(). + +timerfd_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document timerfd_create() TFD_CLOEXEC and TFD_NONBLOCK + TFD_CLOEXEC and TFD_NONBLOCK are supported since LInux 2.6.27. + +vfork.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify meaning of "child releases the parent's memory" + The man page was not explicit about how the memory used by + the child is released back to the parent. + +ctime.3 + Michael Kerrisk + ctime_r() and localtime_r() need not set 'timezone' and 'daylight' + The man page already noted that these functions need not set + 'tzname', but things could be clearer: it tzset() is not called, + then the other two variables also are not set. + + Also, clarify that ctime() does set 'timezone' and 'daylight'. + +dlopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + LD_LIBRARY_PATH is inspected once, at program start-up + Make it clear that LD_LIBRARY_PATH is inspected *once*, at + program start-up. (Verified from source and by experiment.) + +fmemopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document binary mode (mode 'b') + Glibc 2.9 adds support to fmemopen() for binary mode opens. + Binary mode is specified by inclusion of the letter 'b' in + the 'mode' argument. + +getaddrinfo.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify error descriptions with some examples + Clarify the description of some errors by giving examples + that produce the errors. (Text added for EAI_SERVICE and + EAI_SOCKTYPE.) + + Also, add an error case for EAI_BADFLAGS. + +gethostbyname.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Rationalize text on POSIX.1-2001 obsolete interfaces + POSIX.1 marks gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), and 'h_errno' + as obsolete. The man page explained this, but with some + duplication. Remove the duplication, and otherwise tidy up + discussion of this point. + +popen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Change one-line description in NAME + s%process I/O%pipe stream to or from a process% + Michael Kerrisk + Document 'e' (close-on-exec) flag + glibc 2.9 implements the 'e' flag in 'type', which sets the + close-on-exec flag on the underlying file descriptor. + +raise.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pthread_kill(3) + +readdir.3 + Christoph Hellwig + Fix text relating to DT_UNKNOWN and 'd_type' support + (This mirrors the previous change to getdents.2) + Some file systems provide partial support for 'dt_type', + returning DT_UNKNOWN for cases they don't support. + Update the discussion of 'd_type' and DT_UNKNOWN to + support this. + +strcpy.3 + Jason Spiro + Strengthen warning about checking against buffer overruns + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=413940 + +tty_ioctl.4 + Michael Kerrisk + Explain capability requirements for TIOCCONS + Explain capability requirements for TIOCCONS, and describe + changes in 2.6.10 relating to capabilities. + Michael Kerrisk + Explain capability requirements for various ioctls + For TIOCSLCKTRMIOS, TIOCSCTTY, TIOCEXCL, explain the exact + capability that is required (the text formerly just said "root" + in each case). + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/kernel/threads-max + Defines the system-wide limit on the number of threads (tasks). + +utmp.5 + Pierre Cazenave + It is just "other" who should not have write perms on utmp + The page was vague before, saying that utmp should not be + writable by any user. This isn't true: it can be, and + typically is, writable by user and group. + +epoll.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention epoll_create1() as part of epoll API + epoll_create1() was added in Linux 2.6.27, and extends the + functionality of epoll_create(). + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention inotify_init1() in overview of API + Discuss the new inotify_init1() system call in the overview of + the inotify API. + +ip.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Detail EINVAL error for IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP socket option + In response to: + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=216092 + +iso_8859-7.7 + Lefteris Dimitroulakis + Add Drachma, Euro, and Greek Ypogegrammeni + Also, amend description of characters 0241 and 0242. + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Example shell sessions should have user input boldfaced + +pthreads.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe return value from pthreads functions + Describe the usual success (0) and failure (non-zero) returns, + and note that POSIX.1-2001 specifies that pthreads functions + can never fail with the error EINTR. + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Timeouts make socket interfaces non-restartable + If setsockopt() is used to set a timeout on a socket(), + then the various socket interfaces are not automatically + restarted, even if SA_RESTART is specified when + establishing the signal handler. Analogous behavior occurs + for the "stop signals" case. + +socket.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add unix(7) + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Document LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS + Drawing heavily on Jakub Jelinek's description in + http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-hacker/2003-11/msg00127.html + (Subject: [PATCH] Support LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS) + --inhibit-rpath is ignored for setuid/setgid ld.so + The --inhibit-rpath option is ignored if ld.so is setuid/setgid + (not if the executable is setuid/setgid). + Michael Kerrisk + Since glibc 2.4, setuid/setgid programs ignore LD_ORIGIN_PATH + Michael Kerrisk + Fix description of LD_PROFILE and LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT + Clarify that LD_PROFILE is pathname or a soname, + and identify name of profiling output file. + Fix description of LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT, which wasn't even close to + the truth. (But why did it remain unfixed for so many years?) + Michael Kerrisk + Since glibc 2.3.4, setuid/setgid programs ignore LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK + Michael Kerrisk + Since version 2.3.5, setuid/setgid programs ignore LD_SHOW_AUXV + Michael Kerrisk + Reorder lists of LD_* environment variables alphabetically + Michael Kerrisk + Since glibc 2.3.4, setuid/setgid programs ignore LD_DEBUG + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.13 ==================== + +Released: 2008-11-07, Bucaramanga + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Bert Wesarg <bert.wesarg@googlemail.com> +Karsten Weiss <knweiss@gmail.com> +Lefteris Dimitroulakis <edimitro@tee.gr> +Olaf van der Spek <olafvdspek@gmail.com> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Török Edwin <edwintorok@gmail.com> +Ulrich Mueller <ulm@gentoo.org> +Valdis Kletnieks <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_attr_setaffinity_np(3) and + pthread_attr_getaffinity_np(3) + +pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_attr_setschedparam(3) and + pthread_attr_getschedparam(3) + +pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_attr_setschedpolicy(3) and + pthread_attr_getschedpolicy(3) + +pthread_setaffinity_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_setaffinity_np(3) and pthread_getaffinity_np(3) + +pthread_setschedparam.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_setschedparam(3) and pthread_getschedparam(3) + +pthread_setschedprio.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_setschedprio(3) + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +pthread_attr_getaffinity_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3 + +pthread_attr_getschedparam.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 + +pthread_attr_getschedpolicy.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3 + +pthread_getaffinity_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_setaffinity_np.3 + +pthread_getschedparam.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_setschedparam.3 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3 +pthread_getattr_np.3 +pthread_setaffinity_np.3 +pthread_tryjoin_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Explain _np suffix + Add text to CONFORMING TO explaining that the "_np" + suffix is because these functions are non-portable. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sched_getcpu(3) + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add pthread_setaffinity_np(3) + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify EINVAL error for cpusetsize < kernel mask size + For sched_setaffinity(), the EINVAL error that occurs + if 'cpusetsize' is smaller than the kernel CPU set size only + occurs with kernels before 2.6.9. + +vfork.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Child holds parent's memory until execve() or *termination* + The page was phrased in a few places to describe the child as + holding the parent's memory until the child does an execve(2) + or an _exit(2). The latter case should really be the more + general process termination (i.e., either _exit(2) or abnormal + termination). + +clock_getres.3 + Michael Kerrisk + CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID not settable + According to POSIX.1-2001, the CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and + CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID clocks should be settable, but + currently they are not. + +pthread_attr_setstacksize.3 + Michael Kerrisk, after a report by Karsten Weiss + EINVAL occurs on some systems if stacksize != page-size + On MacOS X at least, pthread_attr_setstacksize(3) can fail + with EINVAL if 'stacksize' is not a multiple of the system + page size. Best to mention this so as to aid people writing + portable programs. + +pthread_create.3 + Karsten Weiss + Fix bug in EXAMPLE program + The calloc() line should read like this instead: + + tinfo = calloc(num_threads, sizeof(struct thread_info)); + +pthread_exit.3 + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: thread group with a dead leader and stop signals + Document the bug that can occur when a stop signal + is sent to a thread group whose leader has terminated. + http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/611611 + http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=122525468300823&w=2 + +resolver.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix prototype of dn_expand() + The 4th argument is "char *", not "unsigned char *". + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504708 + +epoll.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix error handling after accept() in example code + Simply continuing after an error is in most cases wrong, + and can lead to infinite loops (e.g., for EMFILE). + So handle an error by terminating. + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504202 + +epoll.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add error handling for epoll_wait() call in example code + +epoll.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Improve example code + Fill in some gaps in example code (variable declarations, + adding listening socket to epoll set). + Give variables more meaningful names. + Other minor changes. + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504202 + +iso_8859-7.7 + Lefteris Dimitroulakis + Add characters for Drachma and Greek Ypogegrammeni + Lines for these two characters were added in the previous patch, + but the actual characters were not included in the 4th column + of the table. This fixes that. + +pthreads.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a section describing thread IDs + In particular, note that in each pthreads function that takes + a thread ID argument, that ID by definition refers to a thread + in the same process as the caller. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.14 ==================== + +Released: 2008-11-25, Bucaramanga + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andreas Henriksson <andreas@fatal.se> +Bert Wesarg <bert.wesarg@googlemail.com> +Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com> +Chris Heath <chris@heathens.co.nz> +Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> +Eugen Dedu <Eugen.Dedu@pu-pm.univ-fcomte.fr> +Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com> +Jen Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com> +Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com> +Loïc Domaigne <tech@domaigne.com> +Masanari Iida <masanari.iida@hp.com> +Paul Evans <leonerd@leonerd.org.uk> +Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> +Pierre-Paul Paquin <pierrepaulpaquin@gmail.com> +Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com> +Stefano Teso <teso@disi.unitn.it> +Stew Benedict <stewb@linux-foundation.org> +Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +CPU_SET.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting CPU_* macros + This page contains material moved out of sched_setscheduler(2). + It overwrites a previously existing link file with the same name. + Michael Kerrisk + Add description of macros for dynamically allocated CPU sets + Add descriptions of CPU_ALLOC(), CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(), CPU_FREE(), + CPU_SET_S(), CPU_CLR_S(), CPU_ISSET_S(), CPU_ZERO_S(), + CPU_COUNT_S(), CPU_AND_S(), CPU_OR_S(), CPU_XOR_S(), and + CPU_EQUAL_S(). + Michael Kerrisk + Add documentation of CPU_COUNT() + Michael Kerrisk + Add description of CPU_AND(), CPU_OR, CPU_XOR(), and CPU_EQUAL() + Plus a few other small clean-ups of the text + Michael Kerrisk + Various improvements in DESCRIPTION + After review comments by Bert Wesarg: + * Explain that cpu_set_t is a bitset, but should be considered + opaque. + * A CPU set can be duplicated with memset(). + * Size of a CPU set is rounded up to size of long. + * CPU_SETSIZE is in bits, but the setsize argument is in bytes. + Michael Kerrisk + Document CPU_ALLOC()/CPU_ALLOC_SIZE() bug + These macros return twice what they should because of thinko + in glibc 2.8 and earlier. The bug is fixed for glibc 2.9. + http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7029 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: Discuss use of types in "prototypes" for these macros + The SYNOPSIS shows types for arguments and return values, but + these are really just suggestions: since the interfaces are + macros, the compiler won't catch all violations of + the "type rules". Warn the reader of this. + +pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_attr_setinheritsched(3) and + pthread_attr_getinheritsched(3) + +pthread_cancel.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_cancel(3) + +pthread_cleanup_push.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_cleanup_push(3) and pthread_cleanup_pop(3) + +pthread_setcancelstate.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_setcancelstate(3) and pthread_setcanceltype(3) + +pthread_testcancel.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_testcancel(3) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +clone.2 + Jens Axboe + Document CLONE_IO (new in Linux 2.6.25) + Some text also by mtk. + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLONE_NEWNET + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLONE_NEWUTS (new in Linux 2.6.19) + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLONE_NEWIPC flag (new in Linux 2.6.19) + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLONE_NEWPID flag (new in Linux 2.6.24) + +mmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document MAP_STACK flag (new in Linux 2.6.27) + +arp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc file retrans_time_ms (new in Linux 2.6.12) + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc file base_reachable_time_ms (new in Linux 2.6.12) + +icmp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses (new in Linux 2.2) + Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + Michael Kerrisk + Document icmp_ratelimit and icmp_ratemask (new in Linux 2.4.10) + Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + Michael Kerrisk + Document icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts (new in Linux 2.6.12) + Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + +tcp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc file tcp_slow_start_after_idle (new in Linux 2.6.18) + Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc file tcp_base_mss (new in Linux 2.6.17) + Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc file tcp_frto_response (new in Linux 2.6.22) + Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc file tcp_moderate_rcvbuf (new in Linux 2.4.17/2.6.7) + Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc file tcp_congestion_control (new in Linux 2.4.13) + Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc file tcp_no_metrics_save (new in Linux 2.6.6) + Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc file tcp_mtu_probing (new in Linux 2.6.17) + Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc file tcp_dma_copybreak (new in Linux 2.6.24) + Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc file tcp_tso_win_divisor (new in Linux 2.6.9) + Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc file tcp_allowed_congestion_control (new in Linux 2.4.20) + Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc file tcp_workaround_signed_windows (new in Linux 2.6.26) + Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc file tcp_available_congestion_control (new in Linux 2.4.20) + Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc file tcp_abc (new in Linux 2.6.15) + Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + +udp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc files udp_mem, udp_rmem_min, and udp_wmem_min + All of these are new in Linux 2.6.25 + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +CPU_ALLOC.3 +CPU_ALLOC_SIZE.3 +CPU_AND.3 +CPU_AND_S.3 +CPU_CLR_S.3 +CPU_COUNT.3 +CPU_COUNT_S.3 +CPU_EQUAL.3 +CPU_EQUAL_S.3 +CPU_FREE.3 +CPU_ISSET_S.3 +CPU_OR.3 +CPU_OR_S.3 +CPU_SET_S.3 +CPU_XOR.3 +CPU_XOR_S.3 +CPU_ZERO_S.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new CPU_SET.3 + +CPU_CLR.3 +CPU_ISSET.3 +CPU_ZERO.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Update links to point to CPU_SET.3 + The documentation of the CPU_* macros migrated to a new + location: CPU_SET.3. + +pthread_attr_getinheritsched.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3 + +pthread_cleanup_pop.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_cleanup_push.3 + +pthread_setcanceltype.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_setcancelstate.3 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +clone.2 +mount.2 +unshare.2 +proc.5 +path_resolution.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/namespace/mount-point namespace/, as appropriate + In recent times, a number of other namespace flags have been + added to clone(2). As such, it is no longer clear to use + the generic term "namespace" to refer to the particular + namespace controlled by CLONE_NEWNS; instead, use the + term "mount-point namespace". + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/mount-point namespace/mount namespace/ + This is more consistent with the term "mounts namespace" + used in the 2008 ACM SIGOPS paper, "Virtual servers + and checkpoint/restart in mainstream Linux". + (I avoided the "s", because using the plural strikes me + as klunky English, and anyway we don't talk about + the "PIDs namespace" or the "networks namespace", etc..) + +connect.2 +listen.2 +send.2 +uname.2 +cmsg.3 +proc.5 +arp.7 +ddp.7 +icmp.7 +ip.7 +raw.7 +socket.7 +tcp.7 +udp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: eliminate mention of the obsolete sysctl(2) interface + Many pages still mention use of the obsolete sysctl(2) system + call, or used the term "sysctls"; rewrite these mentions to + instead be in terms of /proc interfaces. + +fcntl.2 +signal.2 +mbsnrtowcs.3 +mbsrtowcs.3 +mbtowc.3 +wcrtomb.3 +wcsnrtombs.3 +wcsrtombs.3 +wctomb.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/multi-thread/multithread/ + +getdents.2 +pthread_attr_init.3 +pthread_create.3 +pthread_getattr_np.3 +pthread_setaffinity_np.3 +pthread_setschedparam.3 +pthread_tryjoin_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Use consistent error-handling function names + Many older pages use a handle_error() macro to do simple + error handling from system and library function calls. + Switch these pages to do similar. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +time.1 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that some shells have a 'time' built-in command + Therefore, to access the functionality described on this page, + it may be necessary to specify the full pathname. + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Place list of CLONE_* flags in alphabetical order + (No content changes.) +fsync.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update feature test macro requirements for fsync() + Since glibc 2.8, the fsync() declaration is also exposed if + _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add note on system-imposed restrictions on CPUs actually used + After Loïc Domaigne's suggestion for pthread_setaffinity_np(3), add + similar text to this page noting that the system silently + limits the set of CPUs on which the process actually runs to + the set of CPUs physically present and the limits imposed by + cpuset(7). + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Removed discussion of CPU_* macros() + These macros are now moving to a separate page. + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to pthread_setaffinity_np(3) + pthread_setaffinity_np() is preferable for setting + thread CPU affinity if using the POSIX threads API. + +sysctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add prominent warning against using this system call + This was already stated under NOTES, but make it even more + prominent by adding a sentence at the start of the DESCRIPTION. + +uname.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add C comments describing fields in utsname structure + +atan2.3 + Stefano Teso + Fix description of range of function value return + The range is not [-pi/2, pi/2], but [-pi, pi]. + + (mtk: This error was reported by Nicolas François, and + should have been fixed in 3.11, but somewhere along the way, + the fix got lost.) + + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=506299 + +bindresvport.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Since glibc 2.8, EPFNOSUPPORT error is now EAFNOSUPPORT + Glibc switched to using a POSIX-specified error code for + this error case. + + http://bugs.linuxbase.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2375 + +clock_getres.3 + Michael Kerrisk + CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID not settable + According to POSIX.1-2001, the CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and + CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID clocks should be settable, but + currently they are not. + +getgrnam.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify and add more detail in RETURN VALUE description + The page was a bit fuzzy in describing the return values for + various cases. In particular, it needed to be more explicit + in describing what happens for the "not found" case. + + This is an analogous change to the change for + getpwnam.3, made after Andreas Henriksson's report. + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504787 + Michael Kerrisk + Rename arguments to getgrnam_r() and getgrgid_r() + s/gbuf/grp/ and s/gbufp/result/, for consistency + with POSIX.1 argument names. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify RETURN VALUE description + The page was a bit fuzzy in describing the return values for + various cases. In particular, it needed to be more explicit + in describing what happens for the "not found" case. + + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504708 + +getpwnam.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Rename arguments to getpwnam_r() and getpwuid_r() + s/pwbuf/pwd/ and s/pwbufp/result/, for consistency + with POSIX.1 argument names. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify and add more detail in RETURN VALUE description + The page was a bit fuzzy in describing the return values for + various cases. In particular, it needed to be more explicit + in describing what happens for the "not found" case. + + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504787 + Michael Kerrisk + Add an EXAMPLE program for getpwnam_r() + +inet_ntop.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Rename 'cnt' argument to 'size' + This is consistent with POSIX.1, and also a more sensible name. + Michael Kerrisk + Rework text describing 'size' argument + (After a suggestion by Vegard Nossum.) + Also made a few other small rewordings to in the initial + paragraph. + +makecontext.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add text on use of pointer arguments to makecontext() + Passing pointer arguments to makecontext() is possible, + but only on some architectures, and with no guarantees + of portability. + + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504699 + +pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Various fixes after review by Loïc Domaigne + Reviewed-by: Loïc Domaigne + +pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3 +pthread_setaffinity_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Update to reflect new location of CPU_*() documentation + The CPU_*() macros are now documented in CPU_SET.3; + update to reflect that fact. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove redundant text relating to CPU sets + Information about CPU_SETSIZE can be found in CPU_SET.3, so + remove discussion of it here. + +pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 +pthread_setschedparam.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove text saying that only sched_priority is required by POSIX.1 + Loïc Domaigne points out that if a system implements + SCHED_SPORADIC (which Linux does not), then other + fields are also specified in sched_param. The simple + solution is just to remove that phrase from the man + page. + +pthread_cancel.3 +pthread_detach.3 +pthread_join.3 +pthread_setaffinity_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Make text of ESRCH error consistent + +pthread_setaffinity_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add text to EINVAL error mentioning cpuset(7) + Michael Kerrisk + Various improvements after review by Loïc Domaigne + Various fix-ups after Loïc's review. + + Reviewed-by: Loïc Domaigne + +pthread_setschedparam.3 + Michael Kerrisk + PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED is default for inherit scheduler attribute + In EXAMPLE, note that PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED is the default for + the inherit scheduler attribute. + +syslog.3 + Masanari Iida + LOG_KERN messages can't be generated from user processes + Masanari notes that this is an FAQ for logger(1) and that + Solaris and FreeBSD document this point in syslog(3). + The glibc info page also hides this comment in its source: + + Internally, there is also LOG_KERN, but LOG_KERN == 0, + which means if you try to use it here, just selects default. + +proc.5 + Ivana Varekova + Fix reference to kernel source file + Use relative reference to Documentation/mtrr.txt. + +arp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel version numbers for /proc interfaces + +cpuset.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add CPU_SET(3) + +epoll.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note glibc version that added epoll support + +icmp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel version numbers to /proc file descriptions + +inotify.7 + Vegard Nossum + Fix description of max_user_watches + It seems that inotify(7) is wrong here: + + "/proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches + This specifies a limit on the number of watches that can be + associated with each inotify instance." + + On my system, the default value for this variable is 8192. But I + cannot create more than 8192 watches in total for the same UID + even when they are on different inotify instances. So I suggest + to rephrase this as: "This specifies an upper limit on the + number of watches that can be created per real user ID." + +ip.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Reorder socket options alphabetically + Michael Kerrisk + Added kernel version numbers for IP_* socket options + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate kernel version information for IP_PMTUDISC_PROBE + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel version numbers for /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_* files + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mention of kernel header from description of IP_RECVERR + Looks like glibc has had this definition since about version 2.1. + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate kernel version information for ip_mreqn structure + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate info about Linux-specific sockopts to NOTES + Also add some source comments about non-standard Linux-specific + options that are not yet documented. + +netlink.7 + Vegard Nossum + Fix incorrect variable names in example code + s/snl/sa/ * 2 + +pthreads.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add section on cancellation points + This section includes a list of the functions that must and + may be cancellation points. + Michael Kerrisk + Rework, and fix small error in, thread-safe function list + Integrate the changes that occurred in POSIX.1-2008 into the + main list (to be consistent with the list, elsewhere on this + page, of functions that are cancellation points). + + Also, fix an error that said that strerror() was added to + the list in POSIX.1-2008. It was strsignal() that was + added. (strerror() was already in the list in POSIX.1-2001.) + Michael Kerrisk + Tweak text on sigpause() cancellation point + In POSIX.1-2008, this function moves from the "must be" + to the "may be" list. + Michael Kerrisk + Add ref to signal(7) for further info on use of real-time signals + signal(7) provides some further details on the use of real-time + signals by the two Linux threading implementations. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pthread_attr_init() and pthread_cancel() + +tcp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Update description of tcp_rmem defaults for Linux 2.6 + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel version numbers for TCP_* socket options + Note kernel version were each socket option first appeared. + Michael Kerrisk + The tcp_bic* proc files disappeared in Linux 2.6.13 + Michael Kerrisk + tcp_vegas_cong_avoid disappeared in Linux 2.6.13 + Michael Kerrisk + Add mention of RFC 4138 for 'tcp_frto' /proc file + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mention of /proc in VERSIONS + This information is not indicated for each /proc interface + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that tcp_mem measures in units of the system page size + Michael Kerrisk + Update tcp_frto description for 2.6.22 changes + Linux 2.6.22 added a mode value 2 ("Enable SACK-enhanced + F-RTO if flow uses SACK"). + Michael Kerrisk + Fix alphabetical order in /proc file list + A few entries were slightly out of order. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove obsolete statement about /proc from VERSIONS + Much of the text has been updated to 2.6.27 or so, + so this statement no longer applies. + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel version numbers for each /proc interface + Note kernel version where each /proc interface first appeared + Michael Kerrisk + tcp_westwood /proc file disappeared in Linux 2.6.13 + Michael Kerrisk + Update description of tcp_wmem defaults for Linux 2.6 + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.15 ==================== + +Released: 2008-12-05, Bucaramanga + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andre Majorel <aym-xunil@teaser.fr> +Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Chris Heath <chris@heathens.co.nz> +Drake Wilson <drake@begriffli.ch> +Mats Wichmann <mats.d.wichmann@intel.com> +Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Fedyk <mfedyk@mikefedyk.com> +Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz> +Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> +Phil Endecott <phil_vonar_endecott@chezphil.org> +Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +makedev.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for makedev(), major(), and minor() macros + +pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np(3) and + pthread_cleanup_pop_restore_np(3) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +accept.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document accept4() system call, new in Linux 2.6.28 + +fmemopen.3 + Petr Baudis + Add description of open_wmemstream(3) + +tcp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document MSG_TRUNC flag for TCP sockets + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +accept4.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to accept.2 + accept.2 now documents the new accept4() system call. + +open_wmemstream.3 + Petr Baudis + New link to fmemopen.3 + fmemopen.3 now documents open_wmemstream(). +pthread_cleanup_pop_restore_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +accept.2 +listen.2 +recv.2 +getpeername.2 +getsockname.2 +shutdown.2 +socketpair.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: SEE ALSO: add socket(7) + +bind.2 +rcmd.3 +capabilities.7 +ip.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/reserved port/privileged port/ + Some pages used one term, some pages the other term; + make some consistency. + +connect.2 +getpeername.2 +getsockname.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Use consistent argument names + Most other sockets pages are using the names 'addr' + and 'addrlen'; make these pages do the same. + +getpeername.2 +getsockname.2 +getsockopt.2 +recv.2 +send.2 +shutdown.2 +sockatmark.3 +socket.7 +udplite.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SYNOPSIS: Rename socket file descriptor argument to 'sockfd' + Many sockets man pages use the name 'sockfd' already. + For consistency, changes the others to do so as well. + +gnu_dev_major.3 +gnu_dev_makedev.3 +gnu_dev_minor.3 +major.3 +minor.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to new makedev(3) page + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +_exit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Since glibc 2.3, the exit() wrapper function invokes exit_group(2) + This information is useful to users of strace(1). + +accept.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify details when returned address is truncated + If the returned address is truncated, the 'addrlen' argument + indicates the actual size of the address, rather than a count + of the number of bytes in the truncated buffer. + + Also clarify that if 'addr' argument is NULL, then 'addrlen' + should is unused, and should also be NULL. + Michael Kerrisk + Reorder ERRORS list + Some errors were listed under a separate "may" heading. + There's probably no real need to do this; integrate + those errors into the main list. + +exit_group.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that since glibc 2.3, exit(2) invokes exit_group() + +futex.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention that glibc provides no wrapper function for futex() + +get_thread_area.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that glibc provides no wrapper for this system call + +getdomainname.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Substantial rewrite + Expand description of setdomainname() and getdomainname(). + Note that getdomainname() is implemented as a library function + in glibc. + Note limits on size of domain name. + Reorganize ERRORS list. + +gethostname.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Various parts rewritten + Write a paragraph describing sethostname(). + + Clarify differences between glibc's gethostbyname() and + the kernel gethostbyname() system calls. + +gethostname.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that HOST_NAME_MAX is 64 on Linux + Also note that in pre-1.0 days, the limit on hostnames + was 8 bytes. + +getpeername.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that returned address may be truncated if buffer is too small + +getsid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Simplified version information and moved to a new VERSIONS section + +getsockname.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that returned address is truncated if buffer is too small + +mknod.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to makedev(3) to build a device ID + +mmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Loosen language around how 'addr' hint is interpreted + Mel Gorman reported that in Linux 2.6.27, 'addr' is rounded + down to a page boundary. + + Before kernel 2.6.26, if 'addr' was taken as a hint, it was + rounded up to the next page boundary. Since Linux 2.6.24, + it is rounded down. Therefore, loosen the description of + this point to say that the address is rounded to "a nearby + page boundary". + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + EFBIG error is now EOVERFLOW (since Linux 2.6.24) + When a 32-bit app opens a file whose size is too big to be + represented in 31-bits, POSIX.1 specifies the error EOVERFLOW. + Linux used to give EFBIG for this case, but 2.6.24 fixed this. + + Also, add some text to describe the error scenario in + more detail. + +pread.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that glibc emulation for these calls uses lseek(2) + (This makes it clearer that the emulated calls are not atomic.) + +recv.2 +send.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Make names of "address" and "address length" args more consistent + Make the names of these arguments more consistent with other + sockets man pages. + +recv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify details when returned address is truncated + If the recvfrom() returned address is truncated, the 'fromlen' + argument indicates the actual size of the address, rather than + a count of the number of bytes in the truncated buffer. + + Also clarify that the 'from' argument can be NULL, in which + case 'fromlen' should is unused, and should also be NULL. + Michael Kerrisk + Internet datagram and netlink sockets support MSG_TRUNC for recv(2) + Internet datagram (since Linux 2.4.27/2.6.8), + and netlink (since Linux 2.6.22) sockets support + the MSG_TRUNC flag for recv(2). + +select.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrote text describing feature test macros requirement for pselect() + +select_tut.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix SHUT_FD* macros in example program + Add "do {} while (0)" + +set_thread_area.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that glibc provides no wrapper for this system call + +setfsgid.2 +setfsuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Simplify version information and move to a VERSIONS section + +setsid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework RETURN VALUE section; add an ERRORS section + +setup.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate some CONFORMING TO text to VERSIONS and NOTES + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document EOVERFLOW error + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to major() and minor() to decompose a device ID + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix version numbers for a few system calls + Some 2.6 system calls were wrongly mentioned as also being + backported into a 2.4.x kernel. + +uname.2 + Michael Kerrisk + DESCRIPTION: Point reader at NOTES for further info on field lengths + +atan.3 + Andries E. Brouwer + Fix return value description + The correct range for the return value is [-pi/2,pi/2]. + (mtk's fix in the last change to the return value text was + a botch-up of a (correct) suggestion by Nicolas François.) + +atexit.3 + Michael Kerrisk + atexit() and on_exit(3) register functions on the same list + Michael Kerrisk + Terminating registered function using longjmp() is undefined + According to POSIX.1, using longjmp() to terminate execution of + a function registered using atexit() produces undefined results. + Michael Kerrisk + Calling exit(3) more than once produces undefined results + If an exit handler itself calls exit(3), the results are + undefined (see the POSIX.1-2001 specification of exit(3)). + Michael Kerrisk + The same exit handler may be registered multiple times + Michael Kerrisk + Calling _exit(2) terminates processing of exit handlers + Michael Kerrisk + Terminating registered function using longjmp() is undefined + According to POSIX.1, using longjmp() to terminate execution of + a function registered using atexit() produces undefined results. + +bindresvport.3 + Mats Wichmann + SYNOPSIS: s/\*\*/*/ in prototype + Michael Kerrisk + Fix errors regarding port used, plus other rewrites + Glibc's bindresvport() takes no notice of sin->sin_port: + it always returns an arbitrary reserved port in the + anonymous range (512-1023). (Reported by Mats Wichmann.) + + Also: + * Add EADDRINUSE and EACCES errors. + * Mention use of getsockname(2). + * Other minor rewrites and reorderings of the text. + * Explicitly note that glib's bindresvport() ignores + sin->sin_port. + * Change license There's now virtually no text remaining from + the 1.70 version of this page. + + Reviewed-by: Mats Wichmann + Reviewed-by: Petr Baudis + +dlopen.3 + Petr Baudis + Describe confusing dladdr() behavior + dladdr() will act unexpectedly if called from non-pic code on a + compile-time-generated function pointer. + +fmemopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add VERSIONS section + Petr Baudis + SEE OPEN: Add fopencookie(3) + fopencookie(3) is used to implement fmemopen(). + +fopen.3 + Petr Baudis + SEE ALSO: Add fmemopen(3) and fopencookie(3) + +fopencookie.3 + Petr Baudis + fopencookie() needs _GNU_SOURCE feature test macro + +getaddrinfo.3 + Petr Baudis + Document results ordering and /etc/gai.conf + This patch documents the order of the getaddrinfo(3) results + (RFC 3484), how should the application deal with that, + mentions the extremely common cause of having multiple + results per query (both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses available) + and mentions /etc/gai.conf. + + (mtk: Minor tweaks, and note glibc version for /etc/gai.conf) + +isatty.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Complete rewrite of this page, with rather more detail + +memmem.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove sentence saying that libc 5.0.9 is still widely used + That was a *long* time ago. + +on_exit.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document handling of registrations on fork(2) and execve(2) + Treatment in these cases is the same as for atexit(3). + Michael Kerrisk + Arg given to registered function is status from *last* call to exit() + It's a subtle point, but if a registered function itself + calls exit(3), then subsequent functions that were registered + with on_exit(3) will see the exit status given to the more + recent exit(3) call. + Michael Kerrisk + Note that same function may be registered multiple times + +setlocale.3 +locale.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Clean up the description of LANGUAGE environment variable + Clean up the $LANGUAGE description, by removing bogus comments + from setlocale(3) and expanding the mention in locale(7). + + Maybe you will decide that a more detailed description + should be left to the gettext(3) documentation, but I + actually care about the invisible part of the patch more + since the comments have put me off the track initially + ($LANGUAGE has nothing to do with setlocale(3) and is + completely isolated to gettext, as obvious from the + glibc sources). + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + /proc/stat: s/minor/disk_idx/ in description of /proc/stat + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=225619 + +capabilities.7 + Drake Wilson + Various minor fixes as per Debian bug 471029 + The relevant pieces of + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=471029 are: + + - Delete duplicate subentry for KEYCTL_CHOWN/KEYCTL_SETPERM + operations in the CAP_SYS_ADMIN entry. (It feels like that + capability entry should be converted to a list, but I've + left it in semicolon-delimited form for now.) + + - Remove text about ENFILE from the text about the + /proc/sys/fs/file-max limit in the CAP_SYS_ADMIN entry, since + this is already described in the man pages for the relevant + ofile-creating system calls. + + - Correct or clarify a few other bits of grammar and such; + see the diff file itself for details. + +socket.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add tcp(7) and udp(7) + +tcp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate out-of-band data discussion + Move to a new subsection entitled "Sockets API". + Michael Kerrisk + Note that MSG_PEEK can be used on out-of-band data + +time.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add clock_gettime(3) + +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Unix domain sockets don't support the recv() MSG_TRUNC flag + Michael Kerrisk + Retitled subsection "(Un)supported features" to "Sockets API" + This is consistent with the recent change in tcp(7). + + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.16 ==================== + +Released: 2009-01-13, Christchurch + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Colin Watson <cjwatson@ubuntu.com> +Florentin Duneau <fduneau@gmail.com> +Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +pthread_getcpuclockid.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting pthread_getcpuclockid(3) + +libc.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New page giving brief overview of C libraries on Linux + +rtld-audit.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting dynamic linker auditing API + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +ld.so.8 + Petr Baudis + Document LD_AUDIT + Petr Baudis + Document LD_POINTER_GUARD + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +gethostid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new page location in Section 3 + +sethostid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Change link to point to new page location in Section 3 + +sethostid.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to relocated page in Section 3 + +glibc.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new libc.7 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +syscalls.2 +feature_test_macros.7 +standards.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add libc(7) + +dlopen.3 +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add rtld-audit(7) + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +gethostid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Move to Section 3 + The interfaces documented in this page are purely glibc. + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Kernel 2.6.28 adds accept4() + +clock_getres.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add pthread_getcpuclockid(3) + +fmemopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix VERSIONS information + +gethostid.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Before version 2.2, glibc stored the host ID in /var/adm/hostid + Also: rewrite some text describing the /etc/hostid file, so that + this location is referred to just once on the page. + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: describe return value of sethostid() + Michael Kerrisk + Added BUGS section noting that ID can't be guaranteed to be unique + Michael Kerrisk + Added ERRORS section describing errors for sethostid() + Michael Kerrisk + Update section number to reflect relocation into Section 3 + +printf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Source and destination buffers may not overlap for *s*printf() + http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7075 + + Some existing code relies on techniques like the following to + append text to a buffer: + + $ cat s.c + #include <stdio.h> + char buf[80] = "not "; + main() + { + sprintf(buf, "%sfail", buf); + puts(buf); + return 0; + } + + $ cc s.c + $ ./a.out + not fail + + However, the standards say the results are undefined if source + and destination buffers overlap, and with suitable compiler + options, recent changes can cause unexpected results: + + $ cc -v 2>&1 | grep gcc + gcc version 4.3.1 20080507 (prerelease) [gcc-4_3-branch revision 135036] (SUSE Linux) + $ cc -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE -O2 s.c + $ ./a.out + fail + +readdir.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite text describing 'dirent' fields standardized in POSIX.1 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify text for return value/errno setting for end-of-stream case + +nscd.8 + Petr Baudis + Correct NOTES section on reloading configuration files + It behaved this way at least since + "Sun Oct 18 15:02:11 1998 +0000", + some four months after including the nscd implementation + in glibc. But there does seem to be a short window between + glibc-2.1 and glibc-2.1.3 when nscd -i was not available, + I don't think it's worth muddling the point of the page + with that, though. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.17 ==================== + +Released: 2009-01-19, Hobart + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Adeodato Simó <dato@net.com.org.es> +Bastien ROUCARIES <roucaries.bastien@gmail.com> +Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org> +Lefteris Dimitroulakis <edimitro@tee.gr> +Mads Martin Joergensen <mmj@mmj.dk> +Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> +Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +endian.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting byte order conversion functions + Document functions (new in glibc 2.9) for conversion between + host byte order and big-/little- endian byte order: + htobe16(), htole16(), be16toh(), le16toh(), + htobe32(), htole32(), be32toh(), le32toh(), + htobe64(), htole64(), be64toh(), le64toh() + +getifaddrs.3 + Petr Baudis + New page documenting getifaddrs(3) and freeifaddrs(3) + Many edits and changes of Petr's initial draft by mtk + +cp1251.7 + Lefteris Dimitroulakis + New page documenting CP 1251 (Windows Cyrillic) character set + +iso-8859-10.7 + Lefteris Dimitroulakis + New page documenting ISO 8859-10 character set + +iso_8859-13.7 + Lefteris Dimitroulakis + New page documenting ISO 8859-13 character set + +iso_8859-14.7 + Lefteris Dimitroulakis + New page documenting ISO 8859-14 character set + +iso_8859-3.7 + Lefteris Dimitroulakis + New page documenting ISO 8859-3 character set + +iso_8859-5.7 + Lefteris Dimitroulakis + New page documenting ISO 8859-5 character set + +iso_8859-8.7 + Lefteris Dimitroulakis + New page documenting ISO 8859-8 character set + +koi8-u.7 + Lefteris Dimitroulakis + New page documenting KOI8-U character set + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +epoll.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc interfaces for limiting kernel memory usage + Document the following /proc files that were added in + Linux 2.6.28: + /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_instances + /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_watches + +netdevice.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document recently added interface flags + IFF_LOWER_UP (since Linux 2.6.17) + IFF_DORMANT (since Linux 2.6.17) + IFF_ECHO (since Linux 2.6.25) + + Documentation taken from comments in <linux/if.h> + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +freeifaddrs.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new getifaddrs.3 + +htobe16.3 +htole16.3 +be16toh.3 +le16toh.3 +htobe32.3 +htole32.3 +be32toh.3 +le32toh.3 +htobe64.3 +htole64.3 +be64toh.3 +le64toh.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to new endian.3 + +iso-8859-10.7 +iso_8859_10.7 +latin6.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to new iso_8859-10.7 + +iso-8859-13.7 +iso_8859_13.7 +latin7.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to new iso_8859-13.7 + +iso-8859-14.7 +iso_8859_14.7 +latin8.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to new iso_8859-14.7 + +iso-8859-3.7 +iso_8859_3.7 +latin3.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to new iso_8859-3.7 + +iso-8859-5.7 +iso_8859_5.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to new iso_8859-5.7 + +iso-8859-8.7 +iso_8859_8.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to new iso_8859-8.7 + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +bind.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add getifaddrs(3) + +epoll_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document EMFILE error + This error is encountered when the limit imposed by + /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_instances is encountered. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify distinction between epoll instance and epoll file descriptor + Reword so that the notion of an epoll instance is made clear, + and made distinct from the notion of an epoll file descriptor. + Some other minor rewordings also. + +epoll_ctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Reordered parts of the text + Michael Kerrisk + Introduce notion of epoll instance + Introduce notion of epoll instance as distinct from + epoll file descriptor. Plus other wording clean-ups. + Michael Kerrisk + Document ENOSPC error (new in Linux 2.6.28) + This error results when the limit imposed by + /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_watches is encountered. + +epoll_wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Introduce the notion of an epoll instance into text + +getdents.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Before kernel < 2.6.4, 'd_type' was effectively always DT_UNKNOWN + +gethostid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rename file (was misnamed gethostd.2 in previous release) + +getsockname.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add getifaddrs(3) + +signalfd.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix description of fork() semantics + The page text described the semantics of the initial + implementation of signalfd(). These were changed early on, + but the man page wasn't updated. + +byteorder.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add endian(3) + +longjmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify wording re saving/restoring signal mask + Michael Kerrisk + siglongjmp() restores signal mask iff 'savesigs' was non-zero + Note that siglongjmp() restores signal mask if, and only + if, 'savesigs' argument of sigsetjmp() was non-zero. (Previous + text omitted the "and only if".) + +memccpy.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix CONFORMING TO: s/C99/POSIX.1-2001/ + Michael Kerrisk + If the memory areas overlap, the results are undefined + +sethostid.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Rename file (was misnamed sethostd.3 in previous release) + +setjmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify wording re saving/restoring signal mask + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify when setjmp() provides BSD vs System V signal mask semantics + +strsep.3 + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: explicitly list problems afflicting strsep() + Previously, the page said this function suffered the same + problems as strtok(), but in fact strsep() doesn't suffer + from all of the same problems as strtok(), so explicitly + list just the problems of strsep() in the strsep.3 page. + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Add pointer to epoll(7) for description of epoll /proc files + +epoll.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Various wording changes to improve clarity and consistency + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.18 ==================== + +Released: 2009-02-10, Christchurch + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> +Bastien ROUCARIES <roucaries.bastien@gmail.com> +Christian Siebert <christian.siebert@s2000.tu-chemnitz.de> +Christopher Head <chead@telus.net> +Florentin Duneau <fduneau@gmail.com> +Guillem Jover <guillem@debian.org> +Lefteris Dimitroulakis <edimitro@tee.gr> +Lucio Maciel <luciofm@gmail.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> +Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Satyam Sharma <ssatyam@cse.iitk.ac.in> +Sebastian Kienzl <seb@riot.org> +Timo Sirainen <tss@iki.fi> +Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +armscii-8.7 + Lefteris Dimitroulakis + New page documenting ArmSCII-8 character set + +iso_8859-11.7 + Lefteris Dimitroulakis + New page documenting ISO 8859-11 character set + +iso_8859-4.7 + Lefteris Dimitroulakis + New page documenting ISO 8859-4 character set + +iso_8859-6.7 + Lefteris Dimitroulakis + New page describing ISO 8859-6 character set + +pthread_kill.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting pthread_kill(3) + +pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting pthread_kill_other_threads_np(3) + +pthread_sigmask.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting pthread_sigmask(3) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +clock_getres.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, new in 2.6.28 + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +clock_gettime.2 +clock_settime.2 +clock_getres.3 +clock_gettime.3 +clock_settime.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Update links to reflect the fact that clock_* pages are now in + Section 2 + +iso-8859-11.7 +iso_8859_11.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to new iso_8859-11.7 + +iso-8859-4.7 +iso_8859_4.7 +latin4.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to new iso_8859-4.7 + +iso-8859-6.7 +iso_8859_6.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to new iso_8859-6.7 + +tis-620.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new iso_8859-11.7 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +clock_nanosleep.2 +getrusage.2 +timerfd_create.2 +clock.3 +clock_getcpuclockid.3 +ftime.3 +pthread_create.3 +pthread_getcpuclockid.3 +pthread_tryjoin_np.3 +sem_wait.3 +time.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: Fix xrefs to clock_*.? pages to reflect move to section 2 + +clock_nanosleep.2 +execve.2 +fork.2 +nanosleep.2 +sigaction.2 +timerfd_create.2 +pthread_getcpuclockid.3 +ualarm.3 +usleep.3 +pthreads.7 +time.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/(3)/(2)/ in section number xrefs for timer_*() API + The POSIX timers API is implemented (mostly) within the kernel, + so these interfaces are system calls. Although there are as yet + no man pages, when they are added they should be in Section 2, + not 3. Therefore fix those pages that currently refer to these + interfaces as being in Section 3. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +capget.2 + Andi Kleen + Add some details and relocate a paragraph + While writing a little program using capset + I found the capset manpage quite light on crucial + details and I had to resort to RTFS. + + This patch improves the points I found unclear + and also moves one misplaced paragraph around. + +clock_getres.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Move page from Section 3 to Section 2 + +eventfd.2 + Michael Kerrisk + glibc eventfd() supports the use of eventfd2() since version 2.9 + +fork.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add daemon(3) + +getdents.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove unneeded HAVE_D_TYPE from example program + Since d_type will always just return DT_UNKNOWN before + kernel 2.6.4, we don't need to use a conditional for + determining whether we use this flag. + +nanosleep.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Relocated misplaced BUGS heading + +select_tut.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clean up error checking in example program (no semantic changes) + Michael Kerrisk + Many parts tidied and rewritten + Remove some redundant text, clarify various pieces, + tidy example code, etc. + Michael Kerrisk + Bug fixes + rewrites in example program + Sebastien pointed out that the first example program + wrongly thinks it can count signals. + Also, some further rewrites by mtk. + +socket.2 + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: Remove discussion SOCK_UUCP + As time goes on, this sentence becomes less a piece of humor, + and more a puzzle. + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that open(O_NOATIME) also causes st_atime not to be updated + +timerfd_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add BUGS noting that timerfd supports fewer clock types than + timer_create() + +btowc.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add wctob(3) + +clock_getcpuclockid.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pthread_getcpuclockid(3) + +cos.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sincos(3) + +fexecve.3 + Timo Sirainen + Note that fexecve() depends on a mounted /proc + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=514043 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: note addition of fexecve() in POSIX.1-2008 + Michael Kerrisk + 'fd' must be opened read-only and refer to a file that is executable + +fmemopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: note that these functions are in POSIX.1-2008 + +getifaddrs.3 + Lucio Maciel + Fix memory leak in example program + Petr Baudis + Various small fixes + +getpwnam.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add getspnam(3) + +getumask.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Updated glibc version number in NOTES + +ilogb.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add significand(3) + +intro.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add libc(7) + +isalpha.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix statement that isalpa() is obsolete; should be isascii() + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=512709 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add toascii(3) + +mq_notify.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add cross reference to pthread_attr_init(3) + +pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SYNOPSIS: Fix declaration of 'attr' + +pthread_getcpuclockid.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SYNOPSIS: fix type of 'thread' + +qsort.3 + Michael Kerrisk + EXAMPLE: remove unnecessary "#include <unistd.h>" + +random.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add random_r(3) + +remainder.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add div(3) + +scandir.3 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: alphasort() and scandir() are added to POSIX.1-2008 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: note that versionsort() was added to glibc in + version 2.1 + +sem_wait.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add clock_gettime(2) + +significand.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add CONFORMING TO noting that this function is unstandardized + +sigwait.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add EXAMPLES section referring to pthread_sigmask(3) + +sin.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sincos(3) + +stpcpy.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add BUGS section noting the possibility of buffer overruns + Michael Kerrisk + Add missing pieces/fix various problems in example program + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: stpcpy() is nowadays on the BSDs + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add stpcpy.3 + +wcscasecmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: note that this function is added in POSIX.1-2008 + +wcsdup.3 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: note that this function was added in POSIX.1-2008 + +wcsncasecmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: note that this function is added in POSIX.1-2008 + +wctob.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add btowc(3) + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mention of epoll/max_user_instances + (Since this interface appeared in 2.6.28, and then + disappeared in 2.6.29.) + +ascii.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Update SEE ALSO list to include pages added in 3.17 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add recently added iso_8859-*(7) pages + +epoll.7 + Michael Kerrisk + remove documentation of /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_instances + This /proc interface appeared in 2.6.28. but will be + removed in 2.6.29. + + Also, document change in default value of + /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_watches (was 1/32 of lowmem, + now 1/25 of lowmem). + +koi8-r.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add koi8-u(7); remove crufty text + +standards.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Update to note that latest POSIX/SUS was ratified in 2008 + +time.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pthread_getcpuclockid(3) + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.19 ==================== + +Released: 2009-02-20, Putaruru + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Christian Siebert <christian.siebert@gmail.com> +Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de> +Jens Thoms Toerring <jt@toerring.de> +Kir Kolyshkin <kir@openvz.org> +Mark Hills <mark@pogo.org.uk> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Parag Warudkar <parag.lkml@gmail.com> +Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> +Sami Liedes <sliedes@cc.hut.fi> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +timer_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting timer_create(2) + +timer_delete.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting timer_delete(2) + +timer_getoverrun.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting timer_getoverrun(2) + +timer_settime.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting timer_settime(2) and timer_gettime(2) + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +timer_gettime.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new timer_settime.2 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Kir Kolyshkin + Trivial punctuation fixes in SEE ALSO + In SEE ALSO, when a few man pages are referenced, those + are divided by commas. Every reference is on a separate + line, and all lines but the last one should end with + comma. I spotted one place where there is no comma in + between references, and mocked up an awk script to find + similar places: + + for f in man*/*; do + awk ' + /^.SH ["]SEE ALSO["]/ { + sa=1; print "== " FILENAME " =="; print; next + } + /^\.(PP|SH)/ { + sa=0; no=0; next + } + /^\.BR/ { + if (sa==1) { + print; + if (no == 1) + print "Missing comma in " FILENAME " +" FNR-1; no=0 + } + } + /^\.BR .*)$/ { + if (sa==1) + no=1; + next + } + /\.\\"/ {next} + /.*/ { + if (sa==1) { + print; next + } + } + ' $f; + done | fgrep 'Missing comma' + + This patch fixes all the places found by the above script. + + Also, there is an extra dot at the end of uri.7 "SEE ALSO" + section. Removed as per man-pages(7) recommendation. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +getitimer.2 +clock_getcpuclockid.3 +time.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add timer_create(2) + +getitimer.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rename arguments for consistency with other timer pages + Also some other minor wording improvements + +splice.2 + Mark Hills + ERRORS: Add EINVAL case for file opened O_APPEND + Target file cannot be opened in append (O_APPEND) mode + + In kernels prior to v2.6.27 splice() to a file in + append mode is broken, and since that version it is + disallowed. It is possible this behaviour may change + in the future; see the kernel commit message + (efc968d450e013049a662d22727cf132618dcb2f) for more + information. + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that getpmsg(2) and putmsg(2) are unimplemented + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=514771 + +timerfd_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EFAULT + +timerfd_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rename timerfd_settime() 'curr_value' arg to 'old_value' + For consistency with related pages. + +vm86.2 + Parag Warudkar + CONFORMING TO: Add 32-bit specific + Note that this call is only on *32-bit* Intel + +mq_open.3 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add ENOENT error for name == "/" + +mq_open.3 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: Add EACCES error for name containing > 1 slash + +sem_open.3 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EINVAL error where name == "/" + +sem_open.3 + Jens Thoms Toerring + Add case of non-well-formed name to ENOENT + +shm_open.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify rules for construction of shared memory object names + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Add description of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq + Reported by: Goerghe Cosorea <gheorghe.coserea@gmail.com> + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Put /proc/modules entry in correct alphabetical order + +ascii.7 + Kir Kolyshkin + Fix formatting of tables on second page to use monospaced font + +mq_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify construction rules for message queue object names + +sem_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify construction rules for semaphore object names + See also http://groups.google.com/group/comp.os.linux.development.apps/browse_thread/thread/b4a67caa765cb65f + + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.20 ==================== + +Released: 2009-03-31, Christchurch + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alan Curry <pacman@kosh.dhis.org> +Américo Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com> +Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@systemhalted.org> +Chunming Chang <cchang@aerohive.com> +Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> +Eelco Dolstra <e.dolstra@tudelft.nl> +Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de> +Jens Thoms Toerring <jt@toerring.de> +Johannes Stezenbach <js@sig21.net> +Leandro A. F. Pereira <leandro@tia.mat.br> +Martin Gebert <martin.gebert@alpha-bit.de> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike O'Connor <stew@vireo.org> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Nikanth Karthikesan <knikanth@suse.de> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@femur.dyndns.org> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> +Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Simon Gomizelj <simongmzlg@gmail.com> +Tanaka Akira <akr@fsij.org> +Teddy Hogeborn <teddy@fukt.bsnet.se> +Walter Jontofsohn <wjontofs@atriumberlin.de> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +cpuid.4 + Andi Kleen + New page for cpuid access device + +msr.4 + Andi Kleen + New page documenting x86 CPU MSR access device + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +proc.5 + Américo Wang + Document /proc/sys/vm/swappiness + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sysrq-trigger + + +Global changes +-------------- + +timer_create.2 +timer_delete.2 +timer_getoverrun.2 +timer_settime.2 +numa.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Make source layout of 'Link with' text consistent with other pages + No actual change to formatted output, but this makes the + page sources more consistent for the purpose of grepping, etc. + +mempcpy.3 +signbit.3 +significand.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: acknowledge FSF in copyright + These pages are heavily based on original material in + glibc info pages, but the comments in the source of the pages + did not acknowledge the FSF copyright on the original material. + Fix that. + +accept.2 +read.2 +recv.2 +send.2 +write.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix discussion of EAGAIN/EWOULDBLOCK errors + For a non-blocking socket, POSIX.1-2001/2008 allow either + EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK to be returned in cases where a call + would have blocked. Although these constants are defined + with the same value on most Linux architectures (PA-RISC + is the exception), POSIX.1 does not require them to have + the same value. Therefore, a portable application using + the sockets API should test for both errors when checking + this case. + + (NB POSIX.1 only mentions EWOULDBLOCK in the context of + the sockets interfaces.) + + Change made after a note cross-posted on linux-arch@vger, + http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.debian.ports.hppa/5615 + and a suggestion for write(2) from Carlos O'Donell + +basename.3 +getgrent.3 +getgrnam.3 +getpwent.3 +getpwnam.3 +readdir.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that returned pointer should not be given to free() + +armscii-8.7 +cp1251.7 +iso_8859-10.7 +iso_8859-11.7 +iso_8859-13.7 +iso_8859-14.7 +iso_8859-15.7 +iso_8859-16.7 +iso_8859-2.7 +iso_8859-3.7 +iso_8859-4.7 +iso_8859-5.7 +iso_8859-6.7 +iso_8859-7.7 +iso_8859-8.7 +iso_8859-9.7 +koi8-r.7 +koi8-u.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add explicit character set encoding to first line of source + Nowadays mandb has provision to understand a character set + encoding that is explicitly indicated in the first line + of the source. As pointed out by Colin Watson, including + such an explicit indication on pages encoded in anything + other than ISO 8859-1 or UTF-8 is useful for man-pages + that aren't shipped in UTF-8. + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=519209 + and for some other background (responded to by Colin Watson + in the above report): + http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.internationalization.linux/6040 + ("man page encoding", 5 Jul 2005) + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +fallocate.2 + Michael Kerrisk + VERSIONS: glibc support is provided since version 2.10 + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mention of EWOULDBLOCK from discussion of mandatory locking + In the kernel, the error on encountering a mandatory lock is + EAGAIN. Although EAGAIN and EWOULDBLOCK are the same on + most Linux architectures, on some they are not, so don't + mention EWOULDBLOCK as it is misleading. (Mea culpa.) + +getcontext.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of getcontext() + +getitimer.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends POSIX timers API instead of this API + +gettimeofday.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends clock_gettime() instead of this API + +ptrace.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note use of 'data' for PTRACE_SYS{CALL,EMU} and PTRACE_*_SINGLESTEP + These operations use the 'data' argument as a signal number, + like PTRACE_CONT. + +ptrace.2 + Mike Frysinger + only reference <sys/user.h> + The kernel no longer installs linux/user.h, so update + references to sys/user.h. + +recv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add 'iovec' defn to defn of 'msghdr' structure + The 'msghdr' structure includes a field of type 'iovec', + so show the definition of that structure in this page. + +rename.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Make ENOENT description consistent with POSIX.1-2008 + +timerfd_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EINVAL for invalid 'flags' for timer_settime() + +truncate.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SYNOPSIS: Fix description of feature test macro requirements + After a report by Arvid Norlander. + +bcopy.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that POSIX.1-2008 removes specification of bcopy() + +bsd_signal.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends sigaction(2) instead of this API + +ctime.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends strftime(3) instead of these functions + +ecvt.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends sprintf(3) instead of these functions + +gcvt.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends sprintf(3) instead of this function + +getcwd.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that getcwd() should be used instead of the obsolete getwd() + +getgrent.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Returned buffer may be statically allocated and overwritten by + later calls + +gethostbyname.3 + Michael Kerrisk + POSIX.1-2008 recommends getaddrinfo(3) and getnameinfo(3) instead + +getnetent_r.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix function name in text: s/getnetbynumber_r/getnetbyaddr_r/ + The SYNOPSIS showed the right function name (getnetbyaddr_r), + but the text repeatedly used the wrong name (getnetbynumber_r). + Probably, this was a cut-and-paste error. + +getpwent.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Returned buffer may be statically allocated and overwritten by + later calls + +index.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends strchr(3) and strrchr(3) instead + +isalpha.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Explain why POSIX.1-2008 marks isascii(3) obsolete + +lockf.3 + Nikanth Karthikesan + Update pointer to documentation in kernel source + +makecontext.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends the use of POSIX threads instead + +mq_notify.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document the POSIX.1-2008 optional EINVAL error + POSIX.1-2008 allows an optional EINVAL error if + notification==NULL and the caller is not currently + registered to receive notifications. + +posix_fallocate.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that EINVAL also occurs of 'len' *equals* zero + See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12919 + +posix_fallocate.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008 specifications for EINVAL error + See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12919 + +posix_memalign.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document handling of size==0 case for posix_memalign() + +pthread_exit.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix error in DESCRIPTION: s/pthread_create/pthread_exit/ + +realpath.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework resolved_path==NULL discussion w.r.t. POSIX.1-200[18] + Although the page already mentioned the resolved_path==NULL + feature, and that this feature was added in POSIX.1-2008, there + was still some crufty text in BUGS that hadn't been updated to + reflect the POSIX.1-2008 changes. + + Also, some other minor wording and grammar fixes. + +scalb.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends scalbln*(3) instead + +seekdir.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SYNOPSIS: Fix type of 'offset' argument: s/off_t/long/ + And add a NOTES section pointing out that 'off_t' + was indeed used in glibc 2.1.1 and earlier. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=519230 + +sem_post.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document EOVERFLOW error + +shm_open.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Recast discussion on name length to exclude terminating NULL byte + Probably it's clearer to describe the length of the IPC object + name as a count that excludes the null terminator. + +siginterrupt.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends sigaction() instead + +sigset.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note APIs that POSIX.1-2008 recommends instead of these obsolete APIs + +strftime.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Small fix to description of %G + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=516677 + +strftime.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add details on ISO 8601 week-based dates + ISO 8602 week-based dates are relevant for %G, %g, and %V, + and the existing details on these dates are a little thin. + +strftime.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mention of year from ISO 8601 standard + The text mentioned the 1988 8601 standard, but there have + already been two revisions of the standard since then, so + simply remove mention of the year. + +telldir.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SYNOPSIS: Fix return type: s/off_t/long/ + And add a NOTES section pointing out that 'off_t' + was indeed used in glibc 2.1.1 and earlier. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=519230 + +timeradd.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that on some systems, <=, >=, == don't work for timercmp() + +timeradd.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SYNOPSIS: Fix return types of timerisset() and timercmp() + +toascii.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note why POSIX.1-2008 marks this function obsolete + +console_ioctl.4 + Alan Curry + Fix 'argp' type for KDGETLED description + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=517485 + +group.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Various minor rewordings and improvements + +resolv.conf.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document 'ip6-bytestring' option + +resolv.conf.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document 'edns0' option + +resolv.conf.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document 'ip6-dotint' / 'no-ip6-dotint' option + +resolv.conf.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that maximum value of 'ndots' option is capped to 15 + +resolv.conf.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that maximum value of 'timeout' option is capped to 30 + +hier.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add description of /srv + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=520904 + +ip.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix type used to declare sin6_port + The page should use the type specified by POSIX, + rather than the (equivalent) type used in the kernel + +ipv6.7 + Teddy Hogeborn + Fix types used to declare sin6_family and sin6_port + The page should use the types specified by POSIX, + rather than the (equivalent) types used in the kernel. + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=517074 + +mq_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Recast discussion on name length to exclude terminating NULL byte + Probably it's clearer to describe the length of the IPC object + name as a count that excludes the null terminator. + +rtld-audit.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that multiple libraries in LD_AUDIT doesn't work + This is reportedly fixed in glibc 2.10. + See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=9733 + +sem_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix discussion of length of semaphore names + Because of the "sem." prefix added by glibc to a semaphore + name, the limit on the length of the name (excluding the + terminating null byte) is 251 characters. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.21 ==================== + +Released: 2009-04-15, Los Gatos + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Frank Dana <ferdnyc@gmail.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Roman Byshko <rbyshko@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +pthread_setconcurrency.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting pthread_setconcurrency(3) and + pthread_getconcurrency(3) + +pthread_yield.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting pthread_yield(3) + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +pthread_getconcurrency.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_setconcurrency(3) + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +initrd.4 + Michael Kerrisk + Various minor wording improvements + +initrd.4 + Frank Dana + Add missing word in description + +feature_test_macros.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Update for glibc 2.10 changes to <features.h> + From glibc 2.10, <features.h> understands the values 200809 + for _POSIX_C_SOURCE and 700 for _XOPEN_SOURCE, and makes + corresponding changes to defaults for other feature test macros. + Michael Kerrisk + Add an example program + This example program makes it possible to explore what + feature test macros are set depending on the glibc version + and the macros that are explicitly set. + +ldconfig.8 + Michael Kerrisk + /etc/ld.so.conf also include libraries found in /lib and /usr/lib + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.22 ==================== + +Released: 2009-07-25, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Adrian Dewhurst <sailor@sailorfrag.net> +Alexander Lamaison <awl03@doc.ic.ac.uk> +Bryan Østergaard <kloeri@exherbo.org> +Christopher Head <chead@telus.net> +Doug Goldstein <cardoe@gentoo.org> +Florentin Duneau <fduneau@gmail.com> +Gokdeniz Karadag <gokdenizk@gmail.com> +Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> +KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> +Lucian Adrian Grijincu <lucian.grijincu@gmail.com> +Mark Hills <mark@pogo.org.uk> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> +Reimar Döffinger <Reimar.Doeffinger@gmx.de> +Ricardo Garcia <rg3.zeluan@gmail.com> +Rui Rlex <rui.rlex@gmail.com> +Shachar Shemesh <shachar@debian.org> +Tolga Dalman <tdalman@project-psi.org> +ku roi <kuroibox@yahoo.de> +sobtwmxt <sobtwmxt@sdf.lonestar.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite crufty text about number of args in older version of clone() + Some bit rot had crept in regarding the discussion of the + number of arguments in older versions of this syscall. + Simplify the text to just say that Linux 2.4 and earlier + didn't have ptid, tls, and ctid arguments. + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=533868 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix version number for CLONE_NEWIPC + It's 2.6.19, not 2.4.19. + Michael Kerrisk + Fix errors in argument names in text (ptid, ctd) + +execve.2 + Mike Frysinger + Remove erroneous statement that pending signal set is cleared + on execve(2). + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + The kernel source file mandatory.txt is now mandatory-locking.txt + Michael Kerrisk + The Documentation/* files are now in Documentation/filesystems + +flock.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove unneeded reference to Documentation/mandatory.txt + Mandatory locks are only implemented by fcntl() locking + Michael Kerrisk + The Documentation/* files are now in Documentation/filesystems + +fork.2 + Jeff Moyer + Document fork() behaviour for the Linux native AIO io_context + It was noted on lkml that the fork behaviour is documented + for the POSIX AIO calls, but not for the Linux native calls. + Here is a patch which adds a small blurb that folks will + hopefully find useful. + + Upon fork(), the child process does not inherit the + io_context_t data structures returned by io_setup, + and thus cannot submit further asynchronous I/O or + reap event completions for said contexts. + +getdents.2 + Michael Kerrisk + The d_type field is fully supported on Btrfs + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document MS_STRICTATIME, update description of MS_RELATIME + Starting with Linux 2.6.30, the MS_RELATIME behavior became + the default, and MS_STRICTATIME is required to obtain the + traditional semantics. + +poll.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove EBADF error from ERRORS + As reported by Motohiro: + + "man poll" describe this error code. + + >ERRORS + > EBADF An invalid file descriptor was given in one of the sets. + + but current kernel implementation ignore invalid file descriptor, + not return EBADF. + ... + + In the other hand, SUSv3 talk about + + > POLLNVAL + > The specified fd value is invalid. This flag is only valid in the + > revents member; it shall ignored in the events member. + + and + + > If the value of fd is less than 0, events shall be ignored, and + > ireevents shall be set to 0 in that entry on return from poll(). + + but, no desribe EBADF. + (see http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/poll.html) + + So, I think the implementation is correct. + + Why don't we remove EBADF description? + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Expand description of si_utime and si_stime fields of siginfo_t + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Improve wording of ENOTDIR error + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add preadv() and pwritev(), new in kernel 2.6.30 + +wait.2 + Gokdeniz Karadag + Document CLD_DUMPED and CLD_TRAPPED si_code values + +daemon.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify discussion of 'noclose' and 'nochdir' arguments + +ffs.3 + Petr Baudis + SEE ALSO: add memchr(3) + +fmemopen.3 + Petr Baudis + Relocate BUGS section to correct position + Petr Baudis + NOTES: there is no file descriptor associated with the returned stream + Alexander Lamaison pointed out that this is not obvious + from the documentation, citing an example with passing the + FILE * handle to a function that tries to fstat() its + fileno() in order to determine the buffer size. + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: remove note that these functions are GNU extensions + That sentence is now redundant, since these functions + are added in POSIX.1-2008. + +lockf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify relationship between fcntl() and lockf() locking + +memchr.3 + Petr Baudis + SEE ALSO: add ffs(3) + +readdir.3 + Michael Kerrisk + The d_type field is fully supported on Btrfs + +setjmp.3 + Mike Frysinger + Fix typo and clarify RETURN description + The word "signal" was duplicated in NOTES, and the RETURN + section refers to setjmp() and sigsetjmp(), and mentions + longjmp(), but not siglongjmp(). + +strcmp.3 + Petr Baudis + SEE ALSO: add strverscmp(3) + +strcpy.3 + Mark Hills + SEE ALSO: Add strdup(3) + +complex.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add missing header file for example program + Reimar Döffinger + Fix type used in example code + man complex (from release 3.18) contains the following code: + complex z = cexp(I * pi); + Reading the C99 standard, "complex" is not a valid type, + and several compilers (Intel ICC, ARM RVCT) will refuse to compile. + It should be + double complex z = cexp(I * pi); instead. + +environ.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that last element in environ array is NULL + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=528628 + Michael Kerrisk + Wording fixes + +mq_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that mkdir and mount commands here need superuser privilege + Michael Kerrisk + Fix example showing contents of /dev/mqueue file + +standards.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove references to dated books + Gallmeister and Lewine are rather old books. Probably, + there are better books to consult nowadays, and anyway, + this man page isn't intended to be a bibliography. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.23 ==================== + +Released: 2009-09-30, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Aaron Gardner <aaron.j.gardner@gmail.com> +Andrey Vihrov <vihrov@gmail.com> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> +Georg Sauthoff <gsauthof@techfak.uni-bielefeld.de> +Leslie P. Polzer <sky@viridian-project.de> +Marc Lehmann <debian-reportbug@plan9.de> +Mark Hills <mark@pogo.org.uk> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net> +Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> +Siward de Groot <siward@ziggo.nl> +rui rlex <rui.rlex@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +execve.2 +pipe.2 +tee.2 +fmemopen.3 +mq_notify.3 +qsort.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Replace use of assert() by code that checks argc + See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=13569 + + As noted by Andrey: + The purpose of the assert macro, defined in <assert.h>, + is to provide a tool to check for programming mistakes + or program logic errors. However, the assert macro must + never be used to perform checks for run time errors, + since, with the NDEBUG macro defined, expressions within + the assert macro invocations are not evaluated/checked + for, resulting in behavior that was not originally intended. + ... + The pages affected in the core package are + + execve(2) + pipe(2) + tee(2) + fmemopen(3) + mq_notify(3) + qsort(3) + +getrusage.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ru_inblock and ru_oublock are now implemented + These fields of the rusage structure are filled in since + Linux 2.6.22. + +mmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add brief documentation of MAP_HUGETLB + This flag is new in 2.6.32, and serves a similar + purpose to the shmget() SHM_HUGETLB flag. + +open.2 + Christoph Hellwig + add some comments on O_SYNC and friends + +poll.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify wording describing of 'nfds' argument. + reported by: rui rlex <rui.rlex@gmail.com> + +semctl.2 + Nicolas François + Remove some redundant words + +setpgid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add an explanation of orphaned process groups + +splice.2 +tee.2 +vmsplice.2 + Mark Hills + Fix return type + Since glibc 2.7, the return type for these functions + is ssize_t (formerly it was long). + +stat.2 + Nicolas François + Fix small bug in example program + Since it is a failure, EXIT_FAILURE looks more appropriate + than EXIT_SUCCESS. + +umount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + glibc only exposes MNT_DETACH and MNT_EXPIRE since version 2.11 + See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=10092 + +exit.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a pointer to explanation of orphaned process groups in setpgid(2) + +fflush.3 + Michael Kerrisk + fflush() discards buffered input + +ffs.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that ffsl() and ffsll() are GNU extensions + +getaddrinfo.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note nonstandard assumed hints.ai_flags value when hints is NULL + When hints is NULL, glibc assumes hints.ai_flags is + AI_V4MAPPED|AI_ADDRCONFIG whereas POSIX says 0. + According to Ulrich Drepper, glibc's behavior is better. + +getmntent.3 + Mike Frysinger + setmntent() argument is 'filename' not 'fp' + The description of setmntent() formerly used the wrong + argument name. + +posix_fallocate.3 + Nicolas François + Fix reference to POSIX.1-2008 + The sentence mentions twice POSIX.1-2001. + I guess the second one should be POSIX.1-2008. + This should be checked in the standard. + +setenv.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Improve ERRORS section + Add ENOMEM error; improve EINVAL description. Also, make + RETURN VALUE section a little more accurate in its mention + of errno. + +strftime.3 + Nicolas François + Fix error in description: s/Monday/Thursday/ + +proc.5 + Nicolas François + Fix page cross reference + max_user_watches is better explained in epoll(7) than inotify(7). + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + dmesg is in section 1, not section 8 + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + FS UID manipulations affect CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE and CAP_MKNOD + Nowadays, file system UID manipulations also affect + CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE (since 2.6.3) and CAP_MKNOD (since 2.6.29). + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix version number for CAP_MKNOD in FS UID manipulations + A recent patch said "since 2.6.29". It should have + been "since 2.6.30". + +capabilities.7 + Nicolas François + Reword a bad sentence in description of capability bounding set. + +mq_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Change documented ranges for msg_max and msgsize_max + Linux 2.6.28 changed the permissible ranges for + these /proc files. + +tcp.7 +udp.7 + Nicolas François + Replace references to syctl interfaces with /proc + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.24 ==================== + +Released: 2010-02-25, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> +Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Ansgar Burchardt <ansgar@2008.43-1.org> +Bela Lubkin <filbo@armory.com> +Bill O. Gallmeister <bog.kernel@gmail.com> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> +Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> +Dan Jacobson <jidanni@jidanni.org> +David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> +Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com> +Doug Manley <doug.manley@gmail.com> +Edward Welbourne <eddy@opera.com> +Fang Wenqi <anton.fang@gmail.com> +Frédéric Brière <fbriere@fbriere.net> +Garrett Cooper <yaneurabeya@yahoo.com> +Ihar Hrachyshka <ihar.hrachyshka@gmail.com> +Jann Poppinga <jann.poppinga@gmx.de> +Jason Goldfine-Middleton <jasonwoodfine@gmail.com> +Jason Noakes <jjnoakes@gmail.com> +Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> +Kevin <tsubasa.xw@gmail.com> +Mark Hills <mark@pogo.org.uk> +Markus Peuhkuri <puhuri@iki.fi> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Sam Liao <phyomh@gmail.com> +Samy Al Bahra <sbahra@repnop.org> +Stuart Kemp <skemp@alertlogic.com> +sunjiangangok <sunjiangangok@gmail.com> +Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@bugol.de> +Vlastimil Babka <caster@gentoo.org> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +add_key.2 + David Howells + New page documenting add_key(2) + Taken from keyutils-1.1 package. + +keyctl.2 + David Howells + New page documenting keyctl(2) + Taken from keyutils-1.1 package. + +request_key.2 + David Howells + New page documenting request_key(2) + Taken from keyutils-1.1 package. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/non-root/unprivileged/ + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/non-privileged/unprivileged/ + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: /non-superuser/unprivileged user/ + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + s/non-/non/ + The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like + Chicago MoS, is toward removing hyphens after prefixes + like "non-" etc. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/re-/re/ + The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like + Chicago MoS, is toward removing hyphens after prefixes + like "re-" etc. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/multi-/multi/ + The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like + Chicago MoS, is toward removing hyphens after prefixes + like "multi-" etc. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/pre-/pre/ + The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like + Chicago MoS, is toward removing hyphens after prefixes + like "pre-" etc. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/sub-/sub/ + The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like + Chicago MoS, is toward removing hyphens after prefixes + like "sub-" etc. + +stime.2 +time.2 +utimensat.2 +ctime.3 +difftime.3 +ftime.3 +getspnam.3 +mq_receive.3 +mq_send.3 +rtime.3 +sem_wait.3 +strftime.3 +strptime.3 +timeradd.3 +rtc.4 +core.5 +proc.5 +icmp.7 +time.7 + Michael Witten + Global fix: Consistently define the Epoch + All definitions of the Epoch have been refactored to the following: + + 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC) + + That form is more consistent, logical, precise, and internationally + recognizable than the other variants. + + Also, some wording has been altered as well. + +spu_create.2 +getopt.3 +passwd.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/non-existing/nonexistent/ + +faccessat.2 +fchmodat.2 +fchownat.2 +fstatat.2 +futimesat.2 +linkat.2 +mkdirat.2 +mknodat.2 +openat.2 +readlinkat.2 +renameat.2 +symlinkat.2 +unlinkat.2 +utimensat.2 +mkfifoat.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Update feature test macro requirements + Starting in glibc 2.10, defining _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 700, + or _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809 exposes the declarations of + these functions. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clock_getres.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update text on nonsetabble CLOCK_*_CPUTIME_ID clocks + SUSv3 permits, but does not require CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID and + CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID to be settable. + See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=11972. + +execve.2 + Colin Watson + Fix description of treatment of caught signals + Caught signals reset to their default on an execve() (not + to being ignored). + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + s/F_OWNER_GID/F_OWNER_PGRP/ + Peter Zijlstra took the name change I suggested. + Michael Kerrisk + Document F_[SG]ETOWN_EX; update details on F_SETOWN + Linux 2.6.32 adds F_SETOWN_EX and F_GETOWN_EX. + Linux 2.6.12 changed (broke) the former behavior of + F_SETOWN with respect to threads. + +intro.2 +intro.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Make subsection heading consistent with other intro.? pages + These pages used "Copyright Terms"; the other intro.? pages + used "Copyright Conditions". Make these pages like the others. + +sendfile.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify behavior when 'offset' is NULL + +seteuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note unstandardized behavior for effective ID + POSIX.1 doesn't require that the effective ID can be changed + to the same value it currently has (a no-op). The man page + should note this, since some other implementations + don't permit it. + +setgid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix EPERM error description + s/effective group ID/real group ID/ + This bug lived in man pages for 15 years before Jason + spotted it! I checked back in Linux 1.0, and the behavior + was as the fixed man page describes. + +setreuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add more detail on POSIX.1 specification for these syscalls + +setuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty statement that seteuid() is not in POSIX + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=569812 + +stime.2 +strftime.3 +tzset.3 +zic.8 + Michael Witten + GMT -> UTC (where appropriate) + +sync_file_range.2 + Christoph Hellwig + Add some big warnings re data integrity + This system call is by design completely unsuitable for any data + integrity operations. Make that very clear in the manpage. + +CPU_SET.3 + Vlastimil Babka + SYNOPSIS: Fix return types for CPU_COUNT_*() + These functions return 'int' not void'. + +confstr.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix feature test macro requirements + +daemon.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix description of 'nochdir' argument. + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=554819 + +gethostbyname.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document feature test macro requirements for herror() and hstrerror() + Since glibc 2.8, one of _BSD_SOURCE, _SVID_SOURCE, + or _GNU_SOURCE is required. + +getline.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Update to reflect that these functions were standardized in POSIX.1-2008 + +getnameinfo.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document feature test macros requirements for NI_MAXHOST and NI_MAXSERV + Since glibc 2.8, one of _BSD_SOURCE, _SVID_SOURCE, or _GNU_SOURCE + must be defined to obtain these definitions. + +getopt.3 + Jonathan Nieder + Fix feature test macro requirements + +memchr.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add feature test macro requirements for memrchr() + +nextafter.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix notable error in DESCRIPTION. + "less than y" should be "less than x". + +popen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix feature test macro requirements + +pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3 +pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 +pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3 + Denis Barbier + Argument name is 'attr' not 'thread' + The function argument was misnamed in the DESCRIPTION on these + three pages. + +rtnetlink.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Various fixes in example code + Edward reported a problem in the example code, where a variable + seems to be misnamed. Upon inspection, there seem to be a few + such instances, and this patch is my best guess at how things + should look. + +sched_getcpu.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Place correct header file in SYNOPSIS + +sleep.3 + Bill O. Gallmeister + sleep() puts calling *thread* to sleep (not calling *process*) + +sleep.3 + Bill O. Gallmeister + Add nanosleep(2) to SEE ALSO + +strftime.3 + Michael Kerrisk + %z is defined in SUSv3 + So, substitute "GNU" tag in man page by "SU". + +strftime.3 + Michael Witten + Move 822-compliant date format example to EXAMPLES section + The RFC 822-compliant date format given in the description + of `%z' is now moved to the `EXAMPLES' section (note: `EXAMPLE' + has been renamed `EXAMPLES'). + + Furthermore, that format example is now actually + RFC 822-compliant (using `%y' instead of `%Y') and has been + qualified as being correct only when in the context of at least + an English locale. Also, `%T' is used in place of `%H:%M:%S'. + + For completeness, an RFC 2822-compliant format example has been + similarly added. + +strftime.3 + Michael Witten + Expand introductory text + +strftime.3 + Michael Witten + Clarification of %z specifier + +string.3 + Mark Hills + Add stpcpy() to this list of string functions + +strptime.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Initialize tm structure in example program + +undocumented.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove pages now documented + By now, the following are documented: + + fopencookie(3) + freeifaddrs(3) + rawmemchr(3) + readdir_r(3) + getutmp(3) + getutmpx(3) + utmpxname(3) + + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=554819 + +group.5 + Michael Kerrisk + s/passwd/password/ + The page inconsistently used "passwd" and "password" + to refer to the same field. + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Update securebits discussion to use SECBIT_* flags + +feature_test_macros.7 + Michael Kerrisk + _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200808 defines _ATFILE_SOURCE + Since glibc 2.10, _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200808 defines _ATFILE_SOURCE + +path_resolution.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add readlink(2) to SEE ALSO + Michael Kerrisk + Fix NAME line + The poorly constructed part preceding "\-" causes apropos + not to be able to find the subject. + + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=558300 + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix discussion of SIGUNUSED + Clarify that this signal really is synonymous with SIGSYS. + See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14449 + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.25 ==================== + +Released: 2010-06-20, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alexander E. Patrakov <patrakov@gmail.com> +Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> +Andrew Klossner <andrew@cesa.opbu.xerox.com> +André Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com> +Bo Borgerson <gigabo@gmail.com> +Christian Franke <nobody@nowhere.ws> +Daisuke HATAYAMA <d.hatayama@jp.fujitsu.com> +David Sommerseth <davids@redhat.com> +Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com> +Eric Blake <ebb9@byu.net> +Fang Wenqi <anton.fang@gmail.com> +Francesco Cosoleto <cosoleto@gmail.com> +Gernot Tenchio <gernot@tenchio.de> +Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> +Ivana Hutarova Varekova <varekova@redhat.com> +Jan Blunck <jblunck@novell.com> +Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de> +Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> +Jeff Barry <JeffBatHome@myletters.us> +Manfred Schwarb <manfred99@gmx.ch> +Mark Hills <mark@pogo.org.uk> +Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mihai Paraschivescu <paraschivescu_mihail@yahoo.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu> +Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> +Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz> +Petr Uzel <petr.uzel@suse.cz> +Pierre Habouzit <madcoder@madism.org> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> +Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> +Robert Wohlrab <robert.wohlrab@gmx.de> +Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com> +Tolga Dalman <tdalman@project-psi.org> +Tom Swigg <swiggtc@lsbu.ac.uk> +Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +migrate_pages.2 + Andi Kleen + New page documenting migrate_pages(2). + Andi's text based on the move_pages.2 page; + additional edits by mtk. + migrate_pages(2) was new in Linux 2.6.16. + +quotactl.2 + Jan Kara + Major updates + Update the page to consolidate information from the + outdated man-pages quotactl.2 page and the quotactl.2 + page in the "quota-tools" package. The page in "quota-tools" + has now been dropped by Jan Kara, so that there is just one + canonical quotactl.2 page (in pan-pages). + Michael Kerrisk + Various other pieces added to the page by mtk. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document F_SETPIPE_SZ and F_GETPIPE_SZ + These commands, new in kernel 2.6.35, set and get the capacity + of pipes. + +madvise.2 + Andi Kleen + Document MADV_HWPOISON + Michael Kerrisk + Added documentation of MADV_MERGEABLE and MADV_UNMERGEABLE + These flags (used for Kernel Samepage Merging, KSM) + are new in 2.6.32. + Andi Kleen + Document MADV_SOFT_OFFLINE + This operation was added in Linux 2.6.33. + +mmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document MAP_UNINITIALIZED flag + New in Linux 2.6.33. + +prctl.2 + Andi Kleen + Document the hwpoison prctls in 2.6.32 + +sched_setscheduler.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK + New in Linux 2.6.32 + +umount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document UMOUNT_NOFOLLOW + New in Linux 2.6.34. + +mkstemp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document mkstemps() and mkostemps() + These functions are new in glibc 2.11. They allow the template + string to include a suffix after the "XXXXXX" string. + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/vm/memory_failure_early_kill + New in 2.6.32. Description based on the text in + Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt. + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/vm/memory_failure_recovery + New in Linux 2.6.32. Description based on the text in + Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt. + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size + +socket.7 + Jan Engelhardt + Document SO_DOMAIN and SO_PROTOCOL + These read-only socket options were new in Linux 2.6.32. + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +fstatvfs.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Adjust link to point to Section 3 + +fstatvfs.3 +statvfs.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to page relocated to Section 3 + +mkstemps.3 +mkostemps.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to mkstemp.3 + mkstemp.3 now describes mkstemps(3) and mkostemps(3). + +timer_create.2 +timer_delete.2 +timer_getoverrun.2 +timer_settime.2 +getline.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add 'L' to constants in feature test macro specifications + Be consistent with POSIX, which uses constants such as 200809L. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +open.2 +sync_file_range.2 +umount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/filesystem/file system/ + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that glibc 2.11 papers over the kernel F_GETOWN bug + Since version 2.11, glibc works around the kernel limitation for + process groups IDs < 4096 by implementing F_GETOWN via F_GETOWN_EX. + +futex.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Various fixes in SEE ALSO + +getpriority.2 +nice.2 + Francesco Cosoleto + Move renice from section 8 to section 1 + +getrusage.2 + Mark Hills + Add ru_maxrss + See kernel commit 1f10206. + Mark Hills + Description of maintained fields + These descriptions are taken from NetBSD 5.0's getrusage(2). + Michael Kerrisk + Enhanced description of various fields + +mlock.2 + Michael Kerrisk + /proc/PID/status VmLck shows how much memory a process has locked + After a note from Tom Swigg, it seems sensible mention VmLck here. + +mount.2 + Petr Uzel + Fix incorrect path + +move_pages.2 + Andi Kleen + Clarify includes/libraries + +mremap.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify existence of fifth argument. + +msgctl.2 +semctl.2 +shmctl.2 + Francesco Cosoleto + Move ipcs from section 8 to section 1 + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove ambiguity in text on NFS and O_EXCL. + +poll.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix discussion of ppoll() timeout argument + 1. Rename ppoll)(_ argument to "timeout_ts" to distinguish it + from the poll() argument in the text. + 2. More accurately describe the poll() call that is equivalent + to ppoll(). + +posix_fadvise.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add sync_file_range(2) under SEE ALSO + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Correct PR_SET_KEEPCAPS description + The "keep capabilities" flag only affects the treatment of + permitted capabilities, not effective capabilities. + Also: other improvements to make the PR_SET_KEEPCAPS text clearer. + +select_tut.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix bug in example program + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add TRAP_BRANCH and TRAP_HWBKPT to si_code values for SIGTRAP + Michael Kerrisk + Rearrange text describing fields set by sigqueue(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Add details for signals sent by POSIX message queue notifications + Michael Kerrisk + Improve description of various siginfo_t fields + Michael Kerrisk + Add some details for SIGTRAP and si_trapno + Andi Kleen + Document hwpoison signal extensions + +statfs.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Bring statfs struct type declarations closer to glibc reality + Fang Wenqi + Add definition EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC = 0xEF53 + Michael Kerrisk + Document f_frsize field. + +statvfs.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Move this page to section 3 (since it's a library call) + +swapon.2 + Ivana Hutarova Varekova + Note effect of CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE on MAX_SWAPFILES + From 2.6.32, MAX_SWAPFILES is decreased by 1 if the kernel is + built with CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE. + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Bring system call list up to date with Linux 2.6.33 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix kernel version number for utimes() + +cproj.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note fix for C99 conformance in glibc 2.12. + +crypt.3 + Petr Baudis + Correct note on key portion significance + As Marcel Moreaux notes: + + The Linux manpage for crypt()[1] contains the following + statement as the last sentence of the NOTES section: + + In the SHA implementation the entire key is significant + (instead of only the first 8 bytes in MD5). + + It should probably say "DES" where it says "MD5" (and maybe + "MD5/SHA" where it says "SHA"), because in MD5 password hashing, + the entire key is significant, not just the first 8 bytes. + + This patch fixes the wording. + +fmemopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Bug fix in example program + +ftw.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that if 'fn' changes CWD, the results are undefined + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify description of fpath argument + As reported by Pierre Habouzit, 'fpath' is not relative + to 'dirpath'. It is either relative to the calling process's + current working directory (if 'dirpath' was relative), or it + is absolute (if 'dirpath' was absolute). + +getaddrinfo.3 + Christian Franke + Fix a field name mixup: s/ai_family/ai_flags/ + +getline.3 + Robert Wohlrab + Remove unneeded check before free() + The manpage of getline shows an example with an extra NULL pointer + check before it calls free. This is unneeded according to free(3): + + If ptr is NULL, no operation is performed. + + This patch removes the "if" check. + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=572508 + +log.3 +log10.3 +log2.3 + Jan Engelhardt + Add cross-references to other-base logarithmic functions + +opendir.3 + Petr Baudis + Specify feature test macro requirements for fdopendir(3) + Currently, there is no note on the fact that fdopendir() is + POSIX.2008-only. + +openpty.3 + Eric Blake + Use const as appropriate + Michael Kerrisk + Note glibc version that added "const" to function arguments + Michael Kerrisk + Explicitly note that these functions are not in POSIX + +resolver.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix declaration of dn_comp() in SYNOPSIS + Remove the second 'exp_dn' from the calling signature. + +termios.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Change NOFLSH text to speak of characters, not signals + +core.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Update description of coredump_filter + Kernel 2.6.24 added MMF_DUMP_ELF_HEADERS. + Kernel 2.6.28 added MMF_DUMP_HUGETLB_PRIVATE and + MMF_DUMP_HUGETLB_SHARED. + +elf.5 + Daisuke HATAYAMA + Document PN_XNUM extension + In linux-2.6.34-rc1, an ELF core extension was added; user-land + tools manipulating ELF core dump such as gdb and binutils has + already been modified before; so elf.5 needs to be modified + accordingly. + + You can follow information on the ELF extension via the LKML post: + http://lkml.org/lkml/2010/1/3/103 + Date Mon, 04 Jan 2010 10:06:07 +0900 (JST) + Subject ... elf coredump: Add extended numbering support + + This Linux-specific extension was added in kernel 2.6.34. + + Reviewed-by: Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> + + Michael Kerrisk + Remove EI_BRAND + As reported by Yuri Kozlov and confirmed by Mike Frysinger, + EI_BRAND is not in GABI + (http://www.sco.com/developers/gabi/latest/ch4.eheader.html) + It looks to be a BSDism + Michael Kerrisk + Remove words under '.note': "described below" + The existing text is broken, because there is + no '"Note Section" format' describe below. Simplest + solution is to remove the words "described below". + +filesystems.5 + Jeff Barry + Add discussion of ntfs and ext4 + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Simplify description of /proc/sys and /proc/sys/fs + In the description of these directories, there's no need + to list all the files and subdirectories that they contain; + that information is provided by the entries that follow. + +services.5 + Yuri Kozlov + Remove crufty reference to nonexistent BUGS section + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document CAP_SYS_RESOURCE and F_SETPIPE_SZ + With CAP_SYS_RESOURCE, a process can increase pipe capacity above + /proc/sys/ps/pipe-max-size. + Michael Kerrisk + Add get_robust_list() info under CAP_SYS_PTRACE + Michael Kerrisk + Add MADV_HWPOISON under CAP_SYS_ADMIN + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Make a clearer statement about nonportable aspect of signal(2) + Make a clearer statement that signal(2) is less portable for + establishing a signal handler. + +socket.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Use consistent language to describe read-only socket options + +udp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add FIONREAD warning. + Warn that FIONREAD can't distinguish case of a zero-length + datagram from the case where no datagrams are available. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.26 ==================== + +Released: 2010-09-04, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alexander Shishkin <virtuoso@slind.org> +Brian Sutin <Brian.Sutin@hs.utc.com> +Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com> +Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org> +Jianhua Li <jhlicc@gmail.com> +Linus Nilsson <lajnold@gmail.com> +Lenaic Huard <lenaic.huard@laposte.net> +Mac <mac@mcrowe.com> +Martin Schulze <joey@infodrom.org> +Maxin John <maxin.john@gmail.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Nicholas Hunt <nhunt@cs.washington.edu> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Peter Stuge <peter@stuge.se> +Przemyslaw Szczepaniak <Przemyslaw.Szczepaniak@imgtec.com> +Scott Walls <sawalls@umich.edu> +TAN Yee Fan <tanyeefa@comp.nus.edu.sg> +Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> +Yitzchak Gale <gale@sefer.org> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +eventfd.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document EFD_SEMAPHORE + Document the EFD_SEMAPHORE flag, added in kernel 2.6.30. + Also restructured some parts of the text to fit with the + addition of the EFD_SEMAPHORE text. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +getaddrinfo.3 +getipnodebyname.3 +st.4 + Michael Kerrisk + s/logical OR/bitwise OR/ + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clock_nanosleep.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix discussion of return value when interrupted by a signal + +epoll_ctl.2 + Yuri Kozlov + Small fix to types in data structures + +eventfd.2 + Alexander Shishkin + Clarified close-on-exec behavior + +madvise.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Improve discussion of MADV_SOFT_OFFLINE + +mkdir.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add EMLINK error to ERRORS + +mq_getsetattr.2 +mq_close.3 +mq_getattr.3 +mq_notify.3 +mq_send.3 +mq_unlink.3 + Lnac Huard + Fix return type in SYNOPSIS (s/mqd_t/int/) + +recv.2 +send.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove obsolete reference to glibc version in NOTES + +recv.2 +send.2 + Nicholas Hunt + Adjust type shown for msg_controllen to glibc reality + This patch fixes the type of msg_controllen in the struct msghdr + definition given in send.2 and recv.2 to match the definition in + glibc and the kernel. + +select.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update NOTES on old glibc pselect() + Make it clear that modern glibc uses the kernel pselect() + on systems where it is available. + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14411 + +statfs.2 + Guillem Jover + Fix copy & paste error for __SWORD_TYPE definition + +sysfs.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that this syscall is obsolete. + And strengthen recommendation to use /proc/filesystems instead. + +write.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add EDESTADDRREQ error + +a64l.3 + Peng Haitao + Fix error in NOTES, s/a64l/l64a/ + +error.3 + Linus Nilsson + Change "perror" to "strerror" in DESCRIPTION of error() + +mq_send.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix EAGAIN description (s/empty/full) + +initrd.4 + Yuri Kozlov + Fix IP address in explanation of NFS example + +tzfile.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Add information on version 2 format timezone files + Updated using information from the tzcode 2010l release at + ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub. + (It's an open question whether or not a version of tzfile.5 + should live independently in man-pages. It was added to the + man-pages set many years ago. For now, I'll follow a + conservative course that causes least pain to downstream, + by continuing to maintain a separate copy in man-pages.) + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=594219 + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.27 ==================== + +Released: 2010-09-22, Nuernberg + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +caishuxian <caishuxian@gmail.com> +Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com> +Denis Silakov <silakov@ispras.ru> +der Mouse <mouse@rodents-montreal.org> +Jan Kratochvil <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com> +Jim Belton <jim.belton@gmail.com> +Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> +KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> +Mark Hills <mark@pogo.org.uk> +Matthew Flaschen <matthew.flaschen@gatech.edu> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Ozgur Gurcan <ozgur.gurcan@lpp.polytechnique.fr> +Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> +Remi Denis-Courmont <remi@remlab.net> +Tanaka Akira <akr@fsij.org> +Tim Stoakes <tim@stoakes.net> +W. Trevor King <wking@drexel.edu> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +sigevent.7 + Petr Baudis, Michael Kerrisk + New page to centralize description of sigevent structure + Several interfaces use this structure. Best to centralize the + common details in one place. Content taken from the existing + timerfd_create.2 and mq_open.3 pages, with additions by + Petr Baudis and Michael Kerrisk. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +ip.7 + Jiri Olsa + Document IP_NODEFRAG + This option is new in Linux 2.6.36 + +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document SIOCINQ ioctl() operation + + +Global changes +-------------- + +_exit.2 +brk.2 +chdir.2 +chmod.2 +chown.2 +chroot.2 +clock_nanosleep.2 +getdtablesize.2 +gethostname.2 +getpagesize.2 +getsid.2 +killpg.2 +mknod.2 +mknodat.2 +posix_fadvise.2 +pread.2 +readlink.2 +setpgid.2 +setreuid.2 +sigaltstack.2 +stat.2 +symlink.2 +sync.2 +truncate.2 +vfork.2 +wait.2 +wait4.2 +a64l.3 +abs.3 +acos.3 +acosh.3 +asin.3 +asinh.3 +atan.3 +atan2.3 +atanh.3 +atoi.3 +cbrt.3 +ceil.3 +clock_getcpuclockid.3 +copysign.3 +cos.3 +cosh.3 +dirfd.3 +div.3 +dprintf.3 +ecvt.3 +erf.3 +erfc.3 +exp.3 +exp2.3 +expm1.3 +fabs.3 +fdim.3 +fexecve.3 +ffs.3 +floor.3 +fma.3 +fmax.3 +fmemopen.3 +fmin.3 +fmod.3 +fpclassify.3 +frexp.3 +fwide.3 +gamma.3 +gcvt.3 +getcwd.3 +getdate.3 +getgrent.3 +gethostid.3 +getpass.3 +getpwent.3 +getsubopt.3 +getw.3 +hypot.3 +ilogb.3 +insque.3 +isalpha.3 +isgreater.3 +iswblank.3 +j0.3 +j0.3 +ldexp.3 +lockf.3 +log.3 +log10.3 +log1p.3 +log2.3 +logb.3 +lrint.3 +lround.3 +mbsnrtowcs.3 +mkdtemp.3 +mkstemp.3 +mktemp.3 +modf.3 +mq_receive.3 +mq_send.3 +nan.3 +nextafter.3 +posix_fallocate.3 +posix_memalign.3 +pow.3 +printf.3 +qecvt.3 +random.3 +realpath.3 +remainder.3 +remquo.3 +rint.3 +rint.3 +round.3 +scalb.3 +scalbln.3 +scanf.3 +siginterrupt.3 +signbit.3 +sigset.3 +sin.3 +sinh.3 +sqrt.3 +stpcpy.3 +stpncpy.3 +strdup.3 +strdup.3 +strnlen.3 +strsignal.3 +strtod.3 +strtol.3 +strtoul.3 +tan.3 +tanh.3 +tgamma.3 +trunc.3 +ttyslot.3 +ualarm.3 +usleep.3 +wcpcpy.3 +wcpncpy.3 +wcscasecmp.3 +wcsdup.3 +wcsncasecmp.3 +wcsnlen.3 +wcsnrtombs.3 +wprintf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add/fix/update feature test macro requirements in SYNOPSIS + Various changes to: + * Update feature test requirements to note changes in + recent glibc releases + * Correct errors in feature test macro requirements + * Add feature test macro requirements to pages where + the requirements were not previously stated. + +accept.2 +clone.2 +dup.2 +fallocate.2 +pipe.2 +readahead.2 +sched_setaffinity.2 +unshare.2 +CPU_SET.3 +endian.3 +euidaccess.3 +fexecve.3 +getpt.3 +getpw.3 +getumask.3 +getutmp.3 +gnu_get_libc_version.3 +makedev.3 +matherr.3 +mbsnrtowcs.3 +memfrob.3 +pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3 +pthread_getattr_np.3 +pthread_setaffinity_np.3 +pthread_tryjoin_np.3 +tcgetsid.3 +wcscasecmp.3 +wcsncasecmp.3 +wcsnlen.3 +wcsnrtombs.3 +wcswidth.3 +rtld-audit.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SYNOPSIS: Add reference to feature_test_macros(7) + These pages specify feature test macros in the function + prototypes. Add a reference to feature_test_macros(7), + so that readers are pointed to the information that + feature test macros must be defined before including + *any* header file. + +clock_nanosleep.2 +clock_getcpuclockid.3 +getnetent_r.3 +getprotoent_r.3 +getrpcent_r.3 +getservent_r.3 +sigwait.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: Note that "positive error numbers" are listed in ERRORS + +fcntl.2 +intro.2 +open.2 +poll.2 +ftw.3 +intro.3 +matherr.3 +system.3 +tmpnam.3 +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that feature test macros must be defined before *any* includes + Programmers often make the mistake of including a feature test + macro only after having already included some header files. + This patch adds some text at opportune places to remind + programmers to do things the right way. + +index.3 +stpcpy.3 +strcasecmp.3 +strcat.3 +strchr.3 +strcmp.3 +strcoll.3 +strcpy.3 +strdup.3 +strfry.3 +strpbrk.3 +strsep.3 +strspn.3 +strstr.3 +strtok.3 +strxfrm.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add reference to string(3) + The idea here is to provide a route to discover other + string functions. + +armscii-8.7 +cp1251.7 +iso_8859-3.7 +iso_8859-5.7 +iso_8859-6.7 +iso_8859-8.7 +iso_8859-10.7 +iso_8859-11.7 +iso_8859-13.7 +iso_8859-14.7 +koi8-u.7 + Denis Barbier + Fix decimal values in encoding tables + Octal and hexadecimal values are right, but there are some + off-by one errors in decimal values. Correct values are + printed by this command: + + perl -pi -e 'if (s/^([0-7]+)\t([0-9]+)\t([0-9a-fA-F]+)//) + {printf "%03o\t%d\t%s", hex($3), hex($3), $3;};' man7/*.7 + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +capget.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SYNOPSIS: Remove unneeded "undef _POSIX_SOURCE" + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add feature test macro requirements for F_GETOWN and F_SETOWN + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note feature test macro requirements for F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document units for RLIMIT_RTTIME limit + This limit is in microseconds + + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=596492 + +lseek.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Removed note about return type on ancient systems + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Definitions of various MS_* constants only appeared in glibc 2.12 + See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=11235 + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update information on nanosecond timestamp fields + Update feature test macro requirements for exposing these fields. + Note that these fields are specified in POSIX.1-2008. + +timer_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Factor out generic material that was moved to new sigevent(7) page + +aio_fsync.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to new sigevent(7) page + +atanh.3 + Michael Kerrisk + glibc 2.10 fixed pole error bug + http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6759 + was resolved. + +cerf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Make it clearer that this function is unimplemented + +cos.3 + Michael Kerrisk + errno is now correctly set to EDOM on a domain error + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6780 + was (silently) resolved. + +expm1.3 + Michael Kerrisk + errno is now correctly set to ERANGE on a range error + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6788 + was (silently) resolved. + +fmod.3 + Michael Kerrisk + errno is now correctly set to EDOM for the x==inf domain error + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6784 + was (silently) resolved. + +insque.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Noted prev == NULL bug in glibc 2.4 and earlier + As noted by Remi Denis-Courmont, glibc nowadays allows + 'prev' to be NULL, as required by POSIX for initializing + a linear list. But in glibc 2.4 and earlier, 'prev' could + not be NULL. Add a BUGS section noting this. + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=551201 + Michael Kerrisk + Added info on circular lists, and initializing circular lists + Michael Kerrisk + Added example program + +lgamma.3 + Michael Kerrisk + glibc 2.10 fixed pole error bug + http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6777 + was (silently) resolved. + +log2.3 + Matthew Flaschen + log2() function does not conform to C89 + log2(), log2f(), and log2l() do not conform to C89. + They are defined in C99. See http://flash-gordon.me.uk/ansi.c.txt + and http://www.schweikhardt.net/identifiers.html + +mq_notify.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Factor out generic material that was moved to new sigevent(7) page + +pow.3 + Michael Kerrisk + errno is now correctly set to ERANGE on a pole error + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6776 + was (silently) resolved. + +pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: Note meaning of "_np" suffix + +rand.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify description of range of returned value + Michael Kerrisk + Add an example program + Michael Kerrisk + Expand description of rand_r() + +random.3 + W. Trevor King + Update initstate() return value description to match glibc + +readdir.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that "positive error numbers" are listed in ERRORS + +rexec.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SYNOPSIS: Add header file and feature test macro requirements + +sigpause.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Correct discussion of when BSD vs SysV version is used in glibc + +sin.3 + Michael Kerrisk + errno is now correctly set to EDOM on a domain error + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6781 + was (silently) resolved. + +tan.3 + Michael Kerrisk + errno is now correctly set to EDOM on a domain error + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6782 + was (silently) resolved. + +wcscasecmp.3 +wcsncasecmp.3 +wcsnlen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Added VERSIONS section + +boot.7 + Yuri Kozlov + Update list of major Linux distributions + +feature_test_macros.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Make text on required placement of macros more prominent + Move the text that notes the requirement that feature test macros + must be defined before including any header files to the top of + the page, and highlight the text further, so that the reader will + not miss this point. + +pthreads.7 +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add SEE ALSO reference to new sigevent(7) page + +tcp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify header file details for SIOCINQ and SIOCOUTQ + Also note synonymous FIONREAD and TIOCOUTQ. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.28 ==================== + +Released: 2010-10-04, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com> +Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> +Landijk <landijk-user@yahoo.com> +Lennart Poettering <mzjro@0pointer.net> +Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +getaddrinfo_a.3 + Petr Baudis + New page documenting getaddrinfo_a() + The page also documents gai_suspend(), gai_cancel(), + and gai_error(). + +aio.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New page providing an overview of POSIX asynchronous I/O + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +exec.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document execvpe() + This function was added to glibc in version 2.11. + Also various other small rewrites in the page. + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +gai_cancel.3 +gai_error.3 +gai_suspend.3 + Petr Baudis + New links to new getaddrinfo_a.3 page + +error_one_per_line.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix misnamed link file (was error_on_per_line.3) + +execvpe.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to exec.3 + +sigstack.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to sigaltstack.2 + No new programs should use sigstack(3). Point the user to the + better sigaltstack(2), whose man page briefly mentions sigstack(3). + +vlimit.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to getrlimit.2 + No new programs should use vlimit(3). Point the user to the + better setrlimit(2), whose man page briefly mentions vlimit(3). + +vtimes.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to getrusage.2 + No new programs should use vtimes(3). Point the user to the + better getrusage(2), whose man page briefly mentions vtimes(3). + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Switch to American usage: "-wards" ==> "-ward" + American English uses "afterward" in preference to "afterwards", + and so on + +chdir.2 +chmod.2 +chown.2 +gethostname.2 +getsid.2 +pread.2 +setpgid.2 +sigaltstack.2 +stat.2 +truncate.2 +wait.2 +dirfd.3 +getsubopt.3 +mkdtemp.3 +mkstemp.3 +siginterrupt.3 +strdup.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Simplify feature test macro requirements + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add mention of the ancient vlimit() function + +getrusage.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add mention of the ancient vtimes() function + +io_cancel.2 +io_destroy.2 +io_getevents.2 +io_setup.2 +io_submit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add aio(7) + +sched_setscheduler.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: note that NULL 'param' yields EINVAL + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note feature test macro requirements for blkcnt_t and blksize_t + +timer_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Standardize on name 'sevp' for sigevent argument + +truncate.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Correct and simplify ftruncate() feature test macro requirements + The glibc 2.12 feature test macro requirements for ftruncate() are + buggy; see http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12037. + Corrected the requirements in the SYNOPSIS, and added a BUGS + section describing the problem in glibc 2.12. + +aio_cancel.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add pointer to aio(7) for example program + Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure + CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section + +aio_error.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Wording improvements in RETURN VALUE + Add pointer to aio(7) for example program + Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure + CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section + +aio_fsync.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure + CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section + +aio_read.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Various minor rewordings and additions + Add pointer to sigevent(7) for details of notification of I/O completion + Add pointer to aio(7) for example program + Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure + CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section + +aio_return.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Improve description in RETURN VALUE + Add pointer to aio(7) for example program + Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure + CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section + +aio_suspend.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Various additions and rewordings. + Give some arguments more meaningful names. + More explicitly describe the 'nitems' argument. + Explicitly note that return is immediate if an I/O operation + has already completed. + Note that aio_error(3) should be used to scan the aiocb list + after a successful return. + Add references to other relevant pages. + Various other pieces rewritten. + Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure + CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section + +aio_write.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add pointer to sigevent(7) for details of notification of I/O completion + Various minor rewordings and additions + Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure + CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section + +clearenv.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix error in feature test macro requirements + +dysize.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty statement about old SCO bug + +exec.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add feature test macro requirements for execvpe() + Rewrite description of PATH and mention _CS_PATH + Note execvp() and execlp() behavior for filename containing a slash + +getaddrinfo.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add SEE ALSO reference to new getaddrinfo_a.3 page + +gethostbyname.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix formatting of feature test macros + +getw.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix feature test macros + +malloc.3 + Landijk + Remove editorializing comments on memory overcommitting + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=19332 + Michael Kerrisk + Various minor reorganizations and wording fix-ups + +mq_notify.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Standardize on name 'sevp' for sigevent argument + +nl_langinfo.3 + Michael Haardt + Make it clear that nl_langinfo() interacts with setlocale() + Add an example program + +posix_openpt.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix feature test macro requirements + +rand.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove duplicate #include in example program + +strtok.3 + Petr Baudis + Add reference to strtok() example in getaddrinfo(3) + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Added section noting limitations and caveats of inotify + +sigevent.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add SEE ALSO reference to new getaddrinfo_a.3 page + Add SEE ALSO referring to new aio(7) page + +suffixes.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Change explanation of ".rpm" to "RPM software package" + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.29 ==================== + +Released: 2010-10-19, Detroit + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Balazs Scheidler <bazsi@balabit.hu> +David Prevot <davidp@altern.org> +Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com> +Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org> +Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com> +Lennart Poettering <mzxreary@0pointer.de> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Simon Paillard <simon.paillard@resel.enst-bretagne.fr> +Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com> +Thomas Jarosch <thomas.jarosch@intra2net.com> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +subpage_prot.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting the PowerPC-specific subpage_prot(2) + +aio_init.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting aio_init(3) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +posix_fadvise.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document the architecture-specific arm_fadvise64_64() system call + This ARM-specific system call fixes the argument ordering + for that architecture. Since Linux 2.6.14. + +sync_file_range.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document the architecture-specific sync_file_range2() system call + As described in commit edd5cd4a9424f22b0fa08bef5e299d41befd5622, + the sync_file_range() argument order is broken for some + architectures (PowerPC, ARM, tile). The remedy was a different + system call using the right argument order on those architectures. + +psignal.3 + Guillem Jover + Document psiginfo() + psiginfo() was added to glibc in version 2.10. + Michael Kerrisk + Add details, VERSIONS, and BUGS for psiginfo() + +ip.7 + Balazs Scheidler + Document IP_RECVORIGDSTADDR + Document IP_TRANSPARENT + Michael Kerrisk + Document IP_FREEBIND + Text based on input from Lennart Poettering and Balazs Scheidler. + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=20082 + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +arm_fadvise64_64.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to posix_fadvise.2 + +arm_sync_file_range.2, sync_file_range2.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to sync_file_range.2 + +arrm_fadvise.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to posix_fadvise.2 + +psiginfo.3 + Guillem Jover + New link to psignal.3 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Many pages + Michael Kerrisk + global fix: s/Unix/UNIX/ + The man pages were rather inconsistent in the use of "Unix" + versus "UNIX". Let's go with the trademark usage. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/pseudo-terminal/pseudoterminal/ + +grantpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4 + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/pty/pseudoterminal/ + +recv.2, cmsg.3, unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk + global fix: s/UNIX socket/UNIX domain socket/ + +fmtmsg.3, gethostbyname.3, termios.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/Unixware/UnixWare/ + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +inotify_rm_watch.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SYNOPSIS: fix type of 'wd' argument + +posix_fadvise.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite VERSIONS, noting that the system call is fadvise64() + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add the PowerPC-specific subpage_prot() system call + Add sync_file_range2() + +truncate.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix feature test macros + +aio_cancel.3 +aio_error.3 +aio_fsync.3 +aio_read.3 +aio_return.3 +aio_suspend.3 +aio_write.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add lio_listio(3) + +gai_cancel.3 +gai_error.3 +gai_suspend.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Make these into links + In the previous release, these files were accidentally made copies + of getaddrinfo_a.3, instead of being made as link files. + +getifaddrs.3 + Thomas Jarosch + Prevent possible NULL pointer access in example program + +malloc.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Emphasize that malloc() and realloc() do not initialize allocated memory + +malloc_hook.3 + Ivana Varekova + Warn that these functions are deprecated + +strcpy.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Formatting fixes in strncpy() example implementation code + +ip.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Reword NOTES on Linux-specific options + +sigevent.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add aio_read(3), aio_write(3), and lio_listio(3) + +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document the autobind feature + Michael Kerrisk + Fix description of abstract socket names + As reported by Lennart Poettering: + The part about "abstract" sockets is misleading as it suggests + that the sockaddr returned by getsockname() would necessarily + have the size of sizeof(struct sockaddr), which however is not + the case: getsockname() returns exactly the sockaddr size that + was passed in on bind(). In particular, two sockets that are + bound to the same sockaddr but different sizes are completely + independent. + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=19812 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix description of "pathname" sockets + As reported by Lennart Poettering: + The part about "pathname" sockets suggests usage of + sizeof(sa_family_t) + strlen(sun_path) + 1 + for calculating the sockaddr size. Due to alignment/padding + this is probably not a good idea. Instead, one should use + offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen() + 1 + or something like that. + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=19812 + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.30 ==================== + +Released: 2010-11-01, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> +Bernhard Walle <bernhard@bwalle.de> +David Prevot <davidp@altern.org> +Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> +Florian Lehmann <flo.lehmann@googlemail.com> +Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de> +Lucian Adrian Grijincu <lucian.grijincu@gmail.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> +Pádraig Brady <P@draigbrady.com> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> +scarlettsp <scarlettsp@gmail.com> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +kexec_load.2 + Andi Kleen + New page documenting kexec_load(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Add license + Michael Kerrisk + Incorporate fixes from Eric W. Biederman + Eric noted that a few instances of "virtual" should + be "physical" and noted: + + There is an expectation that at hand off from sys_kexec that + virtual and physical addresses will be identity mapped. But + this isn't the old Alpha booting convention where you have + a virtual address and then you have to parse the page table + to figure out where your kernel was actually loaded. + Michael Kerrisk + Additions and edits by mtk + Various wording and layout improvements. + Fixed the name of a constant: s/KEXEC_ARCH_I386/KEXEC_ARCH_386/. + Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections. + Added VERSIONS section + Note that CONFIG_KEXEC is needed + Removed details of using syscall; the reader can find them in + syscall(2). + Added some details for KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT. + Revised the text mentioning the kernel header, since it is + not yet exported, and it's not certain that it will be. + +lio_listio.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting lio_listio(3) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +reboot.2 + Andi Kleen + Document LINUX_REBOOT_KEXEC + Some fix-ups by Michael Kerrisk + Michael Kerrisk + Place 'cmd' values in alphabetical order. + +unshare.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLONE_NEWIPC + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLONE_NEWNET + Lucian Adrian Grijincu + Improve description of CLONE_NEWNET + CLONE_NEWNET creates a new network namespace from scratch. + You don't have anything from the old network namespace in + the new one. Even the loopback device is new. + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLONE_SYSVSEM + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLONE_NEWUTS + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate discussion of CAP_SYS_ADMIN to CLONE_NEWNS section + And rewrite the EPERM description to be more general in + preparation for the new flags to be documented. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to feature_test_macros(7) + Some pages simply list feature test macro requirements in + the form: + + #define #GNU_SOURCE + #include <someheader.h> + + For these pages, add a "See feature_test_macros(7)" comment + on the "#define" line. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Remove redundant reference to feature_test_macros(7) + +Various pages + David Prevot + Use greater consistency in NAME line + (Remove definite article at start of descriptive clause.) + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Place entries in correct order + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: Place entries in correct order + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Add section number to references to functions documented in other pages + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Remove redundant section number in page references + Remove section number in function references that are for + functions documented on this page. + +armscii-8.7 +iso_8859-3.7 +iso_8859-4.7 +iso_8859-5.7 +iso_8859-6.7 +iso_8859-10.7 +iso_8859-11.7 +iso_8859-13.7 +iso_8859-14.7 +koi8-u.7 + David Prevot + Capitalize hexadecimal numbers + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +access.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note use of faccessat(2) for checking symbolic link permissions + Michael Kerrisk + Give an example of a safer alternative to using access() + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify when CLONE_NEWNET implementation was completed + +faccessat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that faccessat() is racy + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: Improve description of F_GETFD and F_GETFL + +inotify_add_watch.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document ENOENT error + +mlock.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Improve wording describing /proc/PID/status /VmLck field + Michael Kerrisk + shmctl() SHM_LOCKed memory is not included in VmLck + +reboot.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Place 'cmd' values in alphabetical order + +subpage_prot.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Change 1-line page description + Michael Kerrisk + Improvements after review by Paul Mackerras + +timer_settime.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove redundant SEE ALSO reference + +euidaccess.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note the use of faccessat(2) to operate on symbolic links + Michael Kerrisk + Note that the use of euidaccess() is racy + +fenv.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify wording relating to glibc version + +getgrent.3 +getgrent_r.3 +getgrnam.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader for group(5) for more info on group structure + +getopt.3 + Bernhard Walle + Use constants in getopt_long() example + The description of getopt_long() mentions the constants + required_argument, no_argument and optional_argument. + Use them in the example to make the code easier to understand. + +getpw.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Change comment describing pw_gecos + +getpw.3 +getpwent.3 +getpwent_r.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to passwd(5) for more info on the passwd structure + +getpwent.3 +getpwnam.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that pw_gecos is not in POSIX + And change the comment describing this field + +getpwent_r.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Change comment describing pw_gecos + +getpwnam.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Some rewording and restructuring + +sched_getcpu.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix feature test macro requirements + +strnlen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix feature test macro requirements + +group.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Various minor rewordings + +hosts.5 +protocols.5 +spufs.7 +termio.7 + David Prevot + Remove definite article from NAME section + Please find inline another tiny patch in order to shrink + the definite article from some other pages (found with + "rgrep -i ' \\\- the' man*"). + +passwd.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Various minor rewordings + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to mlock(2) for further info on /proc/PID/status VmLck + +armscii-8.7 + David Prevot + Write the character set name as ArmSCII + +cp1251.7 + David Prevot + Capitalize hexadecimal numbers + +ip.7 + David Prevot + Fix name of socket option: s/IP_TTL/IP_TRANSPARENT/ + David Prevot + Place socket options in alphabetical order + +koi8-r.7 + David Prevot + Fix special character names + Comparing to koi8-u.7, I noticed some inconsistencies in special + character names. After checking with the following Unicode related + pages, please find inline (and gzipped attached, hopefully not + messing with encoding), a patch in order to make it right, on an + Unicode point of view. + + http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2500.pdf + http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U25A0.pdf + http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf + http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D400.pdf + David Prevot + Fix SEE ALSO reference and letter names + The koi8-r(7) (Russian Net Character Set) manual page refers + to iso-8859-7(7) manual page, which is the Latin/Greek one. + I guess it should refer instead to the iso-8859-5(7) + (Latin/Cyrillic) one. This is addressed at the end of the patch. + + It has also been spotted that letter names are different in + this manual page and in the Unicode related page [0], the + first part of the page address this. + + 0: http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0400.pdf + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Update example + The old example used the chmod(2) man page, but the + feature test macro requirements on that page had changed. + Update to use an example from a different page (acct(2), + whose feature test macro requirements are probably unlikely + to change in the future). + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.31 ==================== + +Released: 2010-11-12, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> +David Prevot <davidp@altern.org> +Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com> +Krzysztof Żelechowski <giecrilj@stegny.2a.pl> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Added documentation of prlimit() + prlimit() is new in kernel 2.6.36. + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document IN_EXCL_UNLINK + This flag was added in Linux 2.6.36. + See kernel commit 8c1934c8d70b22ca8333b216aec6c7d09fdbd6a6. + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +prlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to getrlimit.2 + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove unneeded text in DESCRIPTION + +intro.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Added various pages to SEE ALSO + +kexec_load.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel version where KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT first appeared + Added kernel version number where KEXEC_ON_CRASH first appeared + Fix copyright + Make copyright in the name of Intel corporation + VERSIONS: Fix version number + kexec_load() was first implemented in 2.6.13, though the entry + in the system call table was reserved starting in 2.6.7. + +migrate_pages.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add reference to Documentation/vm/page_migration + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add missing word "real" to "user ID" + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix kernel version number for kexec_load + kexec_load() was first implemented in 2.6.13, though the entry + in the system call table was reserved starting in 2.6.7. + Michael Kerrisk + Add prlimit() to list + +intro.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Added various pages to SEE ALSO + +printf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Formatting fixes in example code + +hostname.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Small improvement to description of domains + See: https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=651900 + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.32 ==================== + +Released: 2010-12-03, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have +been incorporated in changes in this release: + +A. Costa <agcosta@gis.net> +Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com> +Emil Mikulic <emikulic@gmail.com> +Eugene Kapun <abacabadabacaba@gmail.com> +Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> +Ivana Hutarova Varekova <varekova@redhat.com> +Joern Heissler <kernelbugs@joern.heissler.de> +Lars Wirzenius <liw@liw.fi> +Martin Eberhard Schauer <Martin.E.Schauer@gmx.de> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Petr Uzel <petr.uzel@suse.cz> +Roger Pate <roger@qxxy.com> +Török Edwin <edwintorok@gmail.com> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +pthread_sigqueue.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting pthread_sigqueue() + pthread_sigqueue() is new in glibc 2.11 (requires a kernel with + rt_tgsigqueinfo(), added in Linux 2.6.31). + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +readv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add documentation of preadv() and pwritev() + The preadv() and pwritev() system calls were added in + Linux 2.6.30. + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +preadv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to readv.2 + +pwritev.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to readv.2 + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +chdir.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove redundant and incorrect info on FTMs from NOTES + +chown.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 + +clock_nanosleep.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that clock_nanosleep() suspends the calling *thread* + +epoll_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'size' argument must be greater than 0 + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=23872 + Michael Kerrisk + Added VERSIONS section + +epoll_ctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Added VERSIONS section + +epoll_wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Updated VERSIONS section + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add notes on fcntl64() + +fstatat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add NOTES on fstatat64(), the name of the underlying system call + +getdents.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Added notes on getdents64() + +getgid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 + +getgroups.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 + +getpagesize.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Improve description of getpagesize() + Improve description of getpagesize() and relocate discussion + of sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE). + + In part inspired by + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=537272 + +getresuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add example program for prlimit() + +getuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 + +open.2 + Ivana Hutarova Varekova + O_EXCL can be used without O_CREAT for block devices + Since Linux 2.6 there is a possibility to use O_EXCL without + O_CREAT. See patch: http://lkml.org/lkml/2003/8/10/221. + +pread.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add notes on pread64() and pwrite64() + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=23072 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add readv(3) + +readv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Wording fix: readv() and writev() are system calls, not functions + +sendfile.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add notes on sendfile64() + +setfsgid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 + +setfsuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 + +setgid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 + +setresuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 + +setreuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 + +setuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 + +sigqueue.2 +pthreads.7 +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add pthread_sigqueue(3) + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix EOVERFLOW error description + 2<<31 should read 1<<31 (which equals 2^31). + +statfs.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add notes on statfs64() and fstatfs64() + +swapon.2 + Hugh Dickins + Document SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD and discarding of swap pages + +truncate.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add notes on truncate64() and ftruncate64() + +memcpy.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Change "should not overlap" to "must not overlap" + glibc 2.12 changed things so that applications that use memcpy() on + overlapping regions will encounter problems. (The standards have + long said that the behaviors is undefined if the memory areas + overlap.) + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=603144 + In reference of http://lwn.net/Articles/414467/ + and http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lib.glibc.alpha/15278 + +usleep.3 + Petr Uzel + usleep() suspends calling thread, not process + +core.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Change single quote to double quote in shell session example + The example section has a sample shell session containing: + + echo '|$PWD/core_pattern_pipe_test %p UID=%u GID=%g sig=%s' + + But $PWD won't be expanded in single quotes. It should be double + quotes around the entire argument or some other form. + +pthreads.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Added description of async-cancel-safe functions + +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Reworded the text of various errors + Michael Kerrisk + Added ENOENT error + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.33 ==================== + +Released: 2011-09-16, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Akira Fujita <a-fujita@rs.jp.nec.com> +Alexander Schuch <Alex.Schuch@gmx.de> +Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net> +Dan Jacobson <jidanni@jidanni.org> +Folkert van Heusden <folkert.mobiel@gmail.com> +Graham Gower <graham.gower@gmail.com> +Hendrik Jan Thomassen <hjt@atcomputing.nl> +Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de> +Joey Adams <joeyadams3.14159@gmail.com> +Johannes Laire <johannes@laire.fi> +Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> +Konstantin Ritt <ritt.ks@gmail.com> +Luis Javier Merino <ninjalj@gmail.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Mikel Ward <mikel@mikelward.com> +Nick Black <dankamongmen@gmail.com> +Paul Evans <leonerd@leonerd.org.uk> +Petr Pisar <ppisar@redhat.com> +Przemyslaw Pawelczyk <przemyslaw@pawelczyk.it> +Regid Ichira <regid23@yahoo.com> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> +Richard B. Kreckel <kreckel@ginac.de> +Ryan Mullen <rmmullen@gmail.com> +Sebastian Geiger <sbastig@gmx.net> +Sebastian Unger <sebunger@gmx.net> +Seonghun Lim <wariua@gmail.com> +Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> +Simon Cross <hodgestar@gmail.com> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Stan Sieler <sieler@me.com> +Timmy Lee <scuttimmy@gmail.com> +Tolga Dalman <tolga.dalman@googlemail.com> +Tomislav Jonjic <jonjic@cs.unibo.it> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> +Wei Luosheng <weiluosheng001@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +sync.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Added new syncfs() system call + syncfs() was added in Linux 2.6.39. + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +syncfs.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link for sync(2). + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Simon Paillard + Global fix: properly escape minus sign + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that CLONE_STOPPED was removed in 2.6.38 + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Sebastian Geiger] + Note that the first argv[] value should contain name of executable + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas] + Note that F_GETFL also retrieves file access mode + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Ryan Mullen] + Remove mention of kernel versions in discussion of RLIMIT_CPU + Michael Kerrisk [Seonghun Lim] + Fix example program and add _FILE_OFFSET_BITS requirement + +mlock.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Brian M. Carlson] + Clarify EINVAL error + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?625747 + Michael Kerrisk [Seonghun Lim] + Simplify and correct text for EPERM error + +mprotect.2 + Seonghun Lim + Fix off-by-one error in a memory range + Seonghun Lim + Fix small bug in example program + The description of the example program says that it makes the + third page "read-only". Thus use PROT_READ instead of PROT_NONE. + +open.2 + Folkert van Heusden + Remove text describing O_CLOEXEC as Linux-specific + O_CLOEXEC is specified in POSIX.1-2008, as noted + elsewhere in the page. + +readlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Dan Jacobson] + SEE ALSO: Add readlink(1) + +sendfile.2 + Akira Fujita + Since 2.6.33, 'out_fd' can refer to any file type + Linux kernel commit cc56f7de7f00d188c7c4da1e9861581853b9e92f + meant sendfile(2) can work with any output file. + Michael Kerrisk + Shift text on falling back to read()/write() to NOTES + Michael Kerrisk [Tolga Dalman] + Remove mention of kernel version for 'in_fd' argument + Tolga Dalman + Add an explicit reference to splice(2) + Unlike sendfile(), splice() can transfer data + between a pair of sockets. + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Tolga Dalman] + Add a little info about ucontext_t + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] + Small rewording of ENAMETOOLONG error + +sync.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Some rewrites to description of sync() + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Added fanotify_init() and fanotify_mark() to syscall list + Michael Kerrisk + Added new 2.6.39 system calls + Michael Kerrisk + Updated for Linux 3.0 system calls + Michael Kerrisk + Update kernel version at head of syscall list + Michael Kerrisk + Update to mention 3.x kernel series + +syslog.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Serge E. Hallyn] + Update for kernel 2.6.37 changes + Document /proc/sys/kernel/dmesg_restrict. + Document CAP_SYSLOG. + +time.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Alexander Schuch] + NOTES: Fix description of "Seconds since the Epoch" + +timerfd_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett] + Note behavior when timerfd_settime() old_value is NULL + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?641513 + Tomislav Jonjic + Fix small error in description of timerfd_settime() + +truncate.2 + Seonghun Lim + Remove redundant EINTR description + +unlink.2 + Hendrik Jan Thomassen + Improve EBUSY description + +cacos.3 +cacosh.3 +catan.3 +catanh.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Richard B. Kreckel, Andries Brouwer] + Fix formula describing function + The man pages for cacos(), cacosh(), catan(), catanh() + contain incorrect formulae describing the functions. + +cacos.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add example program + +cacosh.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add example program + +cacosh.3 +casinh.3 +catan.3 +catanh.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add reference to inverse function + +catan.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add example program + +catanh.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add example program + +ccos.3 +ccosh.3 +csin.3 +csinh.3 +ctan.3 +ctanh.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO Add reference to "arc" inverse function + +cexp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add cexp(3) + +clog.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add reference to clog(2) + +crypt.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jan Engelhardt] + Fix header file and feature test macro requirements for crypt_r() + +err.3 + Seonghun Lim + Clean up description of error message source + In the second paragraph of DESCRIPTION section, one of the + sources of error messages is incorrect: the four functions obtain + error message only from errno, and "a code" is just relevant + with errc() and warnc(), which are not present on Linux. + see http://www.unix.com/man-page/freebsd/3/ERR/ . + + Then, the third paragraph becomes a duplicate. + +fflush.3 + Regid Ichira + Fix wording error + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?614021 + +hsearch.3 + Seonghun Lim + Update ERRORS section + EINVAL can occur for hdestroy_r(). + EINVAL can't occur for hcreate(). + Other minor fixes. + +lockf.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Mikel Ward] + ERRORS: EBADF can also occur for nonwritable file descriptor + As noted in the DESCRIPTION, the file descriptor must be writable + in order to place a lock. + +malloc.3 + Seonghun Lim + Reorder prototypes in SYNOPSIS + calloc() comes before realloc() in the other sections, + so should do in SYNOPSIS, too. + +mbstowcs.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add reference to wcstombs(3) + +memcmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Sebastian Unger] + Clarify that comparison interprets bytes as "unsigned char" + +realpath.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Seonghun Lim] + Fix EINVAL error + Since glibc 2.3, resolved_path can be non-NULL (with the + semantics already documented in the page). + +scandir(3) + Mike Frysinger + Add ENOENT/ENOTDIR errors + +siginterrupt.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Luis Javier Merino] + Remove misleading sentence about signal(2) and system call interruption + +strlen.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] + SEE ALSO: Add strnlen(3) + +strnlen.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] + CONFORMING TO: Note that strnlen() is in POSIX.1-2008 + +strtoul.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Tolga Dalman] + Fix NOTES section constants + +termios.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Use "terminal special characters" consistently throughout page + Michael Kerrisk [Paul Evans] + Add documentation of _POSIX_VDISABLE + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=627841 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a description of STATUS character + Michael Kerrisk + Added description of SWTCH character + Michael Kerrisk + Add names of terminal special characters + Michael Kerrisk + List terminal special characters in alphabetical order + +wcstombs.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add mbstowcs(3) + +console_codes.4 + Petr Pisar + Add ESC [ 3 J + Linux 3.0 (commit f8df13e0a901fe55631fed66562369b4dba40f8b) + implements \E[3J to allow scrambling content of console + including scroll-back buffer + (http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1125792). + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Stan Sieler] + Add description of 'PPid' field of /proc/PID/status + Michael Kerrisk [Stan Sieler] + Add description of 'SigQ' field of /proc/PID/status + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Serge E. Hallyn] + Document CAP_SYSLOG and related changes in Linux 2.6.37 + Michael Kerrisk + File capabilities are no longer optional + Starting with Linux 2.6.33, the CONFIG_SECURITY_FILE_CAPABILITIES + has been removed, and file capabilities are always part of the + kernel. + +complex.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Updated SEE ALSO list to include all complex math functions + +ipv6.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Simon Cross] + Fix description of address notation: "8 4-digit hexadecimal numbers" + +signal.7 + Seonghun Lim + Remove crufty repeated info about LinuxThreads + +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add pointer to cmsg(3) for an example of the use of SCM_RIGHTS + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.34 ==================== + +Released: 2011-09-23, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alan Curry <pacman@kosh.dhis.org> +Benjamin Poirier <benjamin.poirier@gmail.com> +Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net> +David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com> +Doug Goldstein <cardoe@cardoe.com> +Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> +Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org> +Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com> +Paul Pluzhnikov <ppluzhnikov@google.com> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> +Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com> +Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com> +Stephen Cameron <scameron@beardog.cce.hp.com> +Sunil Mushran <sunil.mushran@oracle.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +rt_sigqueueinfo.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Stephan Mueller] + New page for rt_sigqueueinfo(2) and rt_tgsigqueueinfo(2) + This replaces the previous '.so' man page link file for + rt_sigqueueinfo.2, which linked to this sigqueue() man page. + +cciss.4 + Stephen M. Cameron + New man page for cciss driver + I obtained the information in this man page as a consequence + of having worked on the cciss driver for the past several years, + and having written considerable portions of it. + Michael Kerrisk + Copyedit by mtk + +hpsa.4 + Stephen M. Cameron + New man page for the hpsa driver + I obtained the information in this man page as a consequence + of being the main author of the hpsa driver. + Michael Kerrisk + Copyedits my mtk + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +fstatat.2 + Michael Kerrisk [David Howells] + Document AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT + This flag was added in Linux 2.6.38. + +lseek.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake, Sunil Mushran] + Document SEEK_HOLE and SEEK_DATA + These flags, designed for discovering holes in a file, + were added in Linux 3.1. Included comments from Eric + Blake and Sunil Mushran. + +madvise.2 + Doug Goldstein + Add MADV_HUGEPAGE and MADV_NOHUGEPAGE + Document the MADV_HUGEPAGE and MADV_NOHUGEPAGE flags added to + madvise() in Linux 2.6.38. + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +rt_tgsigqueueinfo.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new rt_sigqueueinfo.2 page + +sigqueue.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Create link to page that was relocated to section 3 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Change reference to "sigqueue(2)" to "sigqueue(3)" + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +fallocate.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: Add EPERM and ESPIPE errors + +lseek.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Alan Curry, Reuben Thomas] + Remove suspect note about 'whence' being incorrect English + +prctl.2 + Paul Pluzhnikov + PR_SET_DUMPABLE makes process non-ptrace-attachable + +readlink.2 + Guillem Jover + Document using st_size to allocate the buffer + Michael Kerrisk + Added copyright text + changelog note for Guillem Jover's patch + +sched_setscheduler.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document 2.6.39 changes to rules governing changes from SCHED_IDLE policy + Since Linux 2.6.39, unprivileged processes under the + SCHED_IDLE policy can switch to another nonrealtime + policy if their nice value falls within the range + permitted by their RLIMIT_NICE limit. + +tkill.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add rt_sigqueueinfo (2) + +btowc.3, wctob.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Brian M. Carlson] + Add pointers to better, thread-safe alternative functions + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=606899 + +fwide.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add _ISOC95_SOURCE to feature test macro requirements + Since glibc 2.12, _ISOC95_SOURCE can also be used to expose + prototype of this function. + +index.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] + Fix text mentioning terminating null + +pthread_sigqueue.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Replace explicit mention of rt_tgsigqueueinfo() with SEE ALSO reference + +sigqueue.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Move this page to section 3 + Now that the underlying system call rt_sigqueueinfo(2) is + properly documented, move sigqueue() to Section 3, since + it is really a library function. + Michael Kerrisk + Update text in line with existence of new rt_sigqueueinfo.2 page + +wcsnlen.3 + Jon Grant + Improve description of 'maxlen' argument + It's worth clarifying 'maxlen' is in wide-char units, not bytes. + +wprintf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add _ISOC95_SOURCE to feature test macro requirements + Since glibc 2.12, _ISOC95_SOURCE can also be used to expose + prototype of these functions. + +feature_test_macros.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document _ISOC95_SOURCE + _ISOC95_SOURCE was added in glibc 2.12 as a means + to expose C90 Amendment 1 definitions. + +ip.7 + Benjamin Poirier [Neil Horman] + Improve description of IP_MTU_DISCOVER + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add rt_sigqueueinfo(2) + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.35 ==================== + +Released: 2011-10-04, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com> +Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> +Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org> +Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Kevin Lyda <kevin@ie.suberic.net> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +recvmmsg.2 + Andi Kleen, Michael Kerrisk + New man page for recvmmsg(2) + +setns.2 + Eric W. Biederman + New manual page for setns(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Various improvements + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: remove spaces around em-dash + Normal English typographical convention is not to have + spaces around em dashes. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/null pointer/NULL pointer/ + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: use ORing + Use "ORing", not "OR'ing", nor an italic ".IR OR ing". + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: consistent use of "null wide character" + Bring more consistency to the discussion of + "[terminating] null wide character" + by writing (at least in the initial use in a page) + "[terminating] null wide character (L'\0')". + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: consistent use of "null byte" + Bring more consistency to the discussion of + "[terminating] null byte" + by writing (at least in the initial use in a page) + "[terminating] null byte ('\0')". + +mount.2, prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + s/task/thread/ for consistency with other pages + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +lseek.2 + Guillem Jover + CONFORMING TO: Note other systems that have SEEK_HOLE+SEEK_DATA + +recv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add mention of recvmmsg(2) + +recvmmsg.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sendmmsg(2) + +send.2 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 adds MSG_NOSIGNAL + +sigwaitinfo.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that attempts to wait for SIGKILL and SIGSTOP are silently ignored + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008 requirements for lstat() + Michael Kerrisk + Regarding automounter action, add a reference to fstatat(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Clean up text describing which POSIX describes S_IF* constants + +aio_cancel.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] + Clarify meaning of "return status" and "error status" + +gets.3 + Michael Kerrisk + POSIX.1-2008 marks gets() obsolescent + The page formerly erroneously stated that POSIX.1-2008 + removed the specification of this function. + +mbsnrtowcs.3 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008 + This function is specified in the POSIX.1-2008 revision. + +regex.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas] + Change "terminating null" to "terminating null byte" + +stpcpy.3 +stpncpy.3 + Mike Frysinger + Note that these functions are in POSIX.1-2008 + Update the "CONFORMING TO" sections of these functions to + note that they are now part of the POSIX.1-2008 standard. + +stpncpy.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Change "terminating null" to "terminating null byte" + +strcpy.3 + Mike Frysinger + SEE ALSO: Add stpncpy(3) + +strdup.3 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: strndup() is in POSIX.1-2008 + +wcpcpy.3 +wcpncpy.3 +wcsnlen.3 +wcsnrtombs.3 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008 + These functions are specified in the POSIX.1-2008 revision. + +proc.5 + Eric W. Biederman + Document /proc/[pid]/ns/ + Michael Kerrisk + Some edit's to Eric Biederman's /proc/[pid]/ns/ additions + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + List setns(2) as an operation allowed by CAP_SYS_ADMIN + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.36 ==================== + +Released: 2012-02-27, Christchurch + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alain Benedetti <alainb06@free.fr> +carado <carado@savhon.org> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> +Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com> +Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org> +Jessica McKellar <jesstess@mit.edu> +Josef Bacik <josef@redhat.com> +Junjiro Okajima <jro@mx3.ttcn.ne.jp> +Lucian Adrian Grijincu <lucian.grijincu@gmail.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Pat Pannuto <pat.pannuto@gmail.com> +Salvo Tomaselli <tiposchi@tiscali.it> +Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it> +Slaven Rezic <srezic@iconmobile.com> +starlight <starlight@binnacle.cx> +Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com> +Vijay Rao <vijay@portuosus.com> +Walter Haidinger <walter.haidinger@gmx.at> +Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de> +Yang Yang <wdscxsj@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +sendmmsg.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Stephan Mueller] + New page for sendmmsg(2) + Some pieces inspired by an initial attempt by Stephan Mueller. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +fallocate.2 + Lucian Adrian Grijincu + Document FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE + FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE was added in Linux 2.6.38, + for punching holes in the allocated space in a file. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +dup.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SYNOPSIS: Add "#include <fcntl.h>" for O_* constants + +fallocate.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Substantial restructuring of DESCRIPTION + The addition of a second class of operation ("hole punching") + to the man page made it clear that some significant restructuring + is required. So I substantially reworked the page, including the + preexisting material on the default "file allocation" operation. + Michael Kerrisk [Josef Bacik] + Add further details for FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: Add EPERM error case for FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE + +fork.2 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: Describe clone() call equivalent to fork() + +fsync.2 + Christoph Hellwig + Various improvements + - explain the situation with disk caches better + - remove the duplicate fdatasync() explanation in the NOTES + section + - remove an incorrect note about fsync() generally requiring two + writes + - remove an obsolete ext2 example note + - fsync() works on any file descriptor (doesn't need to be + writable); correct the EBADF error code explanation + Michael Kerrisk [Guillem Jover] + Note that some systems require a writable file descriptor + An edited version of Guillem Jover's comments: + [While the file descriptor does not need to be writable on Linux] + that's not a safe portable assumption to make on POSIX in general + as that behavior is not specified and as such is + implementation-specific. Some Unix systems do actually fail on + read-only file descriptors, for example [HP-UX and AIX]. + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Junjiro Okajima] + Removed erroneous statement about MS_RDONLY and bind mounts + +open.2 + Jessica McKellar + Fix grammar in O_DIRECT description + Some small grammar fixes to the O_DIRECT description. + +pipe.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Salvo Tomaselli] + SYNOPSIS: Add "#include <fcntl.h>" for O_* constants + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=659750 + +sched_rr_get_interval.2 + Clemens Ladisch + Update notes on modifying quantum + Since Linux 2.6.24, it is no longer possible to + modify the SCHED_RR quantum using setpriority(2). + (Slight edits to Clemens' patch by mtk.) + Michael Kerrisk + Reordered various pieces of text + Michael Kerrisk + Reworded text of ESRCH error + +send.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add mention of sendmmsg(2) + +sync.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] + PROTOTYPE: Fix return type of syncfs() + +vfork.2 + Michael Kerrisk [starlight] + Clarify what is duplicated in the child + Add some words to make it clear to the reader that vfork(), + like fork(), creates duplicates of process attributes + in the child. + Michael Kerrisk + Note clone() flags equivalent to vfork() + Michael Kerrisk [starlight, Mike Frysinger] + Add some notes on reasons why vfork() still exists + Michael Kerrisk [starlight] + Clarify that calling *thread* is suspended during vfork() + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: Note that POSIX.1-2001 marked vfork() obsolete + +gets.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document C11 and glibc 2.16 changes affecting gets() + +pthread_sigmask.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Pat Pannuto] + Fix comment that was inconsistent with code in example program + +sem_wait.3 + Walter Harms + EXAMPLE: Remove extraneous line of output from shell session + +wcsnrtombs.3 +wcsrtombs.3 +wcstombs.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix-ups for e9c23bc636426366d659809bc99cd84661e86464 + +core.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Junjiro Okajima] + Document %E specifier for core_pattern + +passwd.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Walter Haidinger] + s/asterisk/asterisk (*)/ to improve clarity + Michael Kerrisk + Correct note on passwd field value when shadowing is enabled + When password shadowing is enabled, the password field + contains an 'x' (not "*'). + +proc.5 + Elie De Brauwer + Fix description of fourth field of /proc/loadavg + SIgned-off-by: Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com> + +resolv.conf.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Slaven Rezic] + Describe syntax used for comments + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=656994 + +feature_test_macros.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document _ISOC11_SOURCE + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Yang Yang] + Note that 'cookie' field is set to zero when unused + +man.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Various fixes for description of NAME section + As noted by reporter: + * The code sample given for the NAME section is incomplete because + the actual content sample is not given. + * Additionally, the description assumes that the item described is + a command, which need not be the case. + * The command makewhatis is not present on my system; the + documented tool to create the whatis database is called mandb. + * The description on .SH NAME in man(7) should either copy the + relevant paragraph of lexgrog(1) or refer to it. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.37 ==================== + +Released: 2012-03-06, Christchurch + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> +Mark R. Bannister <cambridge@users.sourceforge.net> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> +Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +getent.1 + Mark R. Bannister + New page to document 'getent' binary provided by glibc + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +bdflush.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that bdflush() is deprecated, and does nothing + +nfsservctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that this system call was removed in Linux 3.1 + +ptrace.2 + Denys Vlasenko [Oleg Nesterov, Tejun Heo] + add extended description of various ptrace quirks + Changes include: + + s/parent/tracer/g, s/child/tracee/g - ptrace interface now + is sufficiently cleaned up to not treat tracing process + as parent. + + Deleted several outright false statements: + - pid 1 can be traced + - tracer is not shown as parent in ps output + - PTRACE_ATTACH is not "the same behavior as if tracee had done + a PTRACE_TRACEME": PTRACE_ATTACH delivers a SIGSTOP. + - SIGSTOP _can_ be injected. + - Removed mentions of SunOS and Solaris as irrelevant. + - Added a few more known bugs. + + Added a large block of text in DESCRIPTION which doesn't focus + on mechanical description of each flag and operation, but rather + tries to describe a bigger picture. The targeted audience is + a person which is reasonably knowledgeable in Unix but did not + spend years working with ptrace, and thus may be unaware of its + quirks. This text went through several iterations of review by + Oleg Nesterov and Tejun Heo. + This block of text intentionally uses as little markup as possible, + otherwise future modifications to it will be very hard to make. + Michael Kerrisk + Global clean-up of page + * Wording and formatting fixes to existing text and + Denys Vlasenko's new text. + * Various technical amendments and improvements to + Denys Vlasenko's new text. + * Added FIXME for various problems with the current text. + Michael Kerrisk + Integrated changes after further review from Denys Vlasenko + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that nfsservctl(2) was removed in Linux 3.1 + Note that bdflush(2) is deprecated + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add CAP_WAKE_ALARM + Michael Kerrisk + Add various operations under CAP_SYS_ADMIN + Add perf_event_open(2) to CAP_SYS_ADMIN + Add VM86_REQUEST_IRQ vm86(2) command to CAP_SYS_ADMIN + Update CAP_NET_ADMIN with notes from include/linux/capability.h + Add nfsservctl(2) to CAP_SYS_ADMIN + Michael Kerrisk + Add ioctl(FIBMAP) under CAP_SYS_RAWIO + Michael Kerrisk + Add virtual terminal ioctl()s under CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG + Michael Kerrisk + Update CAP_NET_RAW with notes from include/linux/capability.h + Michael Kerrisk + Add F_SETPIPE_SZ case to CAP_SYS_RESOURCE + Add POSIX messages queues queues_max case to CAP_SYS_RESOURCE + Update CAP_SYS_RESOURCE with notes from include/linux/capability.h + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add libcap(3) + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Add --audit command-line option + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.38 ==================== + +Released: 2012-03-25, Christchurch + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@gmail.com> +Artyom Pervukhin <artyom@evasive.ru> +Beňas Petr <xbenas00@stud.fit.vutbr.cz> +Ben Bacarisse <software@bsb.me.uk> +Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is> +David Prévot <david@tilapin.org> +Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com> +Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com> +Eric Blake <ebb9@byu.net> +Iain Fraser <iainkfraser@gmail.com> +Justin T Pryzby <justinp@norchemlab.com> +Kirill Brilliantov <brilliantov@inbox.ru> +Mark R Bannister <mark@proseconsulting.co.uk> +Matthew Gregan <kinetik@flim.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Nix <nix@esperi.org.uk> +Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com> +Sergei Zhirikov <sfzhi@yahoo.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +get_nprocs_conf.3 + Beňas Petr + New page documenting get_nprocs_conf(3) and get_nprocs(3) + Michael Kerrisk + Some additions and improvements + +malloc_get_state.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting malloc_get_state(3) and malloc_set_state(3) + +mallopt.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New man page for mallopt(3) + +mtrace.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Complete rewrite of page, adding much more detail + +scandirat.3 + Mark R Bannister + New page for scandirat(3) (new in glibc 2.15) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +posix_memalign.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document aligned_alloc(3) + aligned_alloc() is new in C11. + Michael Kerrisk + Document pvalloc(3) + +qsort.3 + Mark R Bannister + Add documentation of qsort_r(3) + Ben Bacarisse + Improvements to Mark R Bannister's qsort_r() patch + Michael Kerrisk + Add VERSIONS section for qsort_r() + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +aligned_alloc.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to posix_memalign.3 + +get_nprocs.3 + Beňas Petr + Link to new get_nprocs_conf.3 page + +malloc_set_state.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Link to new malloc_get_state.3 page + +pvalloc.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to posix_memalign.3 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global formatting fix: balance .nf/.fi pairs + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: place sections in correct order + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk [Justin T Pryzby] + Global fix: Remove duplicated words + Remove instances of duplicate words found using Justin's + grep-fu: + + for f in man?/*.[1-9]; do + grep -HE ' ([[:alpha:]]{2,} +)\1' "$f" | + grep -Evw '(proc|hugetlbfs|XXX*|root|long) *\1'; + done | grep -E --colo ' ([[:alpha:]]{2,} +)\1' + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Correct order of SEE ALSO entries + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +futimesat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + PROTOTYPE: Correct header file and feature test macro requirements + +keyctl.2 + Bjarni Ingi Gislason + Strip trailing tabs from source line + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=664688 + +ptrace.2 + Denys Vlasenko + Document PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG for PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC + Denys Vlasenko + Various fixes to recent updates of this page + +symlinkat.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake] + PROTOTYPE: Correct header file + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove unimplemented system calls from main syscall list + The unimplemented system calls are in any case noted lower down + in the page. Also: rearrange the text describing the unimplemented + system calls. + Michael Kerrisk + Note a few system calls that were removed in Linux 2.6 + Michael Kerrisk + Add process_vm_readv(2) and process_vm_writev(2) + +unlinkat.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake] + PROTOTYPE: Correct header file + Michael Kerrisk + PROTOTYPE: Add <fcntl.h> for AT_* constants + +utimensat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + PROTOTYPE: Add <fcntl.h> for AT_* constants + +copysign.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Tolga Dalman] + DESCRIPTION: Add a couple of examples + +malloc.3 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: Add a short discussion of arenas + Michael Kerrisk + Replace discussion of MALLOC_CHECK_ with pointer to mallopt(3) + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add mtrace(3) + SEE ALSO: add malloc_get_state(3) + +posix_memalign.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Rename memalign() argument + Rename "boundary" to "alignment" for consistency + with posix_memalign(). + Michael Kerrisk + Improve discussion of feature test macros and header files for valloc(3) + +rtnetlink.3 + Kirill Brilliantov [Sergei Zhirikov] + Fix example code, rta_len assignment should use RTA_LENGTH() + See also http://bugs.debian.org/655088 + +scandir.3 + Mark R Bannister + SEE ALSO: Add scandirat(3) + +sigqueue.3 + Nix + Remove rt_sigqueueinfo from TH line + rt_sigqueueinfo() now has its own manual page, so should not + be listed in the .TH line of this page. + +tzset.3 + Peter Schiffer + Correct description for Julian 'n' date format + The Julian 'n' date format counts starting from 0, not 1. + Michael Kerrisk + Add some clarifying remarks to discussion of Julian day formats + +packet.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Iain Fraser] + Fix comment on 'sll_hatype' field + +tcp.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Artyom Pervukhin] + Correct RFC for TIME_WAIT assassination hazards + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.39 ==================== + +Released: 2012-04-17, Christchurch + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Abhijith Das <adas@redhat.com> +Alexander Kruppa <akruppa@gmail.com> +Andreas Jaeger <aj@suse.com> +Armin Rigo <arigo@tunes.org> +Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> +Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com> +Eric Blake <ebb9@byu.net> +Felix <fkater@googlemail.com> +Jak <jak@gmx.ca> +Jeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.com> +Jesus Otero <jesus.otero@rysg.es> +Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> +Kevin O'Gorman <kevinogorman4@gmail.com> +Mark R Bannister <mark@proseconsulting.co.uk> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michael Welsh Duggan <mwd@cert.org> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz> +Regid Ichira <regid23@yahoo.com> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> +Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez <jimenezrick@gmail.com> +Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it> +Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp> +<who@connect.carleton.ca> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +malloc_trim.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New man page for malloc_trim(3) + +malloc_usable_size.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New man page for malloc_usable_size(3) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +prctl.2 + Cyrill Gorcunov + Document PR_SET_MM (new in Linux 3.3) + Michael Kerrisk + Various edits and improvements to Cyrill's patch + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +epoll_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework discussion of 'size' argument + Michael Kerrisk + Add .SS for description of epoll_create1() + +epoll_wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Armin Rigo] + Another thread can add to epoll instance while epoll_wait is blocked + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=43072 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that epoll_pwait() blocks calling *thread* + A few wording improvements + +fchmodat.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] + Note difference between glibc wrapper and underlying system call + The wrapper function has a 'flags' argument (which currently + serves no purpose), while the underlying system call does not. + +fcntl.2 + Abhijith Das + Explain behaviour of F_GETLEASE during lease break + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake] + Change type of arg from "long" to "int" + Various fcntl(2) commands require an integral 'arg'. + The man page said it must be "long" in all such cases. + However, for the cases covered by POSIX, there is an + explicit requirement that these arguments be "int". + Update the man page to reflect. Probably, all of the + other "long" cases (not specified in POSIX) should + be "int", and this patch makes them so. Based on a + note fromEric Blake, relating to F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC. + +gettimeofday.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Reorganize content + The main change is to move the historical information about + the 'tz_dsttime' to NOTES. + Michael Kerrisk [Felix] + Note that compiler issues warnings if 'tv' is NULL + +mmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Kevin O'Gorman] + Clarify that this system call should not be invoked directly + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42892 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify NOTES discussion of mmap() versus mmap2() + +poll.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Michael Welsh Duggan] + Document negative value in 'fd' field + Michael Kerrisk + Document semantics of passing zero in 'events' field + +ptrace.2 + Denys Vlasenko + Various fixes + For some reason, the PTRACE_TRACEME paragraph talks about some + general aspects of ptraced process behavior. It repeats the + "tracee stops on every signal" information even though that was + already explained just a few paragraphs before. Then it describes + legacy SIGTRAP on execve(). + + This patch deletes the first part, and moves the second part up, + into the general ptrace description. It also adds + "If PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC option is not in effect" to the description + of the legacy SIGTRAP on execve(). + + The patch also amends the part which says "For requests other + than PTRACE_KILL, the tracee must be stopped." - PTRACE_ATTACH + also doesn't require that. + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Jaeger, ] + Clarify that the use of SI_SIGIO is for Linux 2.2 only + See also http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6745 + +sigprocmask.2 + Mike Frysinger + ERRORS: add EFAULT + +times.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] + ERRORS: Add EFAULT + +div.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas] + CONFORMING TO: Add C99 + +fread.3 + Regid Ichira + Clarify further that return value is number of items, not bytes + See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=665780 + +getaddrinfo.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jak] + Correct type of ai_addrlen field + +malloc.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add malloc_usable_size(3) + SEE ALSO: Add malloc_trim(3) + +mallopt.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix text describing M_PERTURB and free() + SEE ALSO: Add malloc_trim(3) + +memchr.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas] + Remove mention of terminating null in description of rawmemchr() + +perror.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jesus Otero] + Note that use of 'sys_errlist' is deprecated + +rcmd.3 + Michael Kerrisk + glibc eventually added a declaration of iruserok() in version 2.12 + +sysconf.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez] + Add mention of _SC_SYMLOOP_MAX + +nologin.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Tetsuo Handa] + nologin must not only exist, but *be readable* to be effective + +nsswitch.conf.5 + Mark R Bannister + Significant rewrites and improvements + This patch applies to nsswitch.conf.5 in man-pages-3.36. + + My changes almost completely rewrite large sections of the + man page. They are needed to add clarity, correct grammar, + reduce confusion, and bring up-to-date with the latest glibc. + I have checked the man page against the nss source code in + glibc 2.14.90. + + Historical notes are demoted to the footer. + + The rewrite makes the man page much clearer to + understand, more authoratitive, and easier to read. + Michael Kerrisk + Light edits to Mark Bannister's changes + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add prctl(PR_SET_MM) to CAP_SYS_RESOURCE + +epoll.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Some minor clarifications at start of DESCRIPTION + +netlink.7 + Jeff Mahoney [Petr Gajdos] + Note cases where nonprivileged users can use netlink multicast groups + See also https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=754611 + +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Tetsuo Handa] + Add a detail on autobind feature + +ld.so.8 + Jonathan Nieder [Reuben Thomas] + Document effect of hwcaps on search path + Wording by Aurelien Jarno from Debian glibc's r4701 (2011-06-04). + + Addresses http://bugs.debian.org/622385 + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.40 ==================== + +Released: 2012-04-27, Christchurch + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alexey Toptygin <alexeyt@freeshell.org> +Bernhard Walle <bernhard@bwalle.de> +Brian F. G. Bidulock <bidulock@openss7.org> +Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net> +Christopher Yeoh <cyeoh@au1.ibm.com> +Daniel J Blueman <daniel@quora.org> +Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> +Eugen Dedu <Eugen.Dedu@pu-pm.univ-fcomte.fr> +James Hunt <james.hunt@ubuntu.com> +John Sullivan <jsrhbz@kanargh.force9.co.uk> +Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org> +lepton <ytht.net@gmail.com> +Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com> +Ulrich Drepper <drepper@gmail.com> +Vadim Mikhailov <vadim.mikhailov@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +process_vm_readv.2 + Mike Frysinger, Christopher Yeoh, Michael Kerrisk + New page for process_vm_readv(2) and process_vm_writev(2) + +mcheck.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New man page for mcheck(3) and related functions + Also describes mcheck_check_all(3), mcheck_pedantic(3), + and mprobe(3) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +rcmd.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document "_af" variants of these functions + Document rcmd_af(), rresvport_af(), iruserok_af(), ruserok_af(). + Also some restructuring and other clarifications. + +rexec.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document rexec_af() + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +iruserok_af.3 +rcmd_af.3 +rresvport_af.3 +ruserok_af.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to rcmd.3 + +rexec_af.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to rexec.3 + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clock_getres.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify difference between CLOCK_MONOTONIC and CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW + Note interactions of these two clocks with discontinuous + adjustments to the system time and NTP/adjtime(2). + +fallocate.2 + Michael Kerrisk [John Sullivan] + Fix description of ENOSYS and EOPNOTSUP errors + As reported in https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=680214 + +fchmodat.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] + Improve discussion of difference between wrapper and underlying syscall + +gettimeofday.2 + Michael Kerrisk + gettimeofday() is affected by discontinuous jumps in the system time + Advise reader to use clock_gettime(2), if they need a + monotonically increasing time source. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add clock_gettime(2) + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_DISABLE and PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_ENABLE + Add some basic documentation of these operations, with a pointer to + tools/perf/design.txt for more information. + Michael Kerrisk [Marcel Holtmann] + Amend details of PR_SET_PDEATHSIG + +ptrace.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] + Note SPARC deviation with respect to get/set regs + SPARC reverses the use of 'addr' and 'data' for + PTRACE_GETREGS, PTRACE_GETFPREGS, PTRACE_SETREGS, + and PTRACE_SETFPREGS. + +send.2 + Stefan Puiu + Document EACCES error case for UDP + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mention of raise(3) for SI_USER + For a long time now, glibc's raise(3) didn't yield SI_USER + for the signal receiver, so remove mention of raise(3) + here. The user can deduce the details, if needed, by looking + at the recently updated raise(3) page. + +aio_cancel.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] + Rewrite RETURN VALUE section to be clearer + +aio_init.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] + Remove extraneous "POSIX" from NAME section + +btree.3 +dbopen.3 +hash.3 +mpool.3 +recno.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Brian M. Carlson] + Note that glibc no longer provides these interfaces + glibc stopped providing these interfaces with v2.2. + Nowadays, the user that finds these pages probably wants + the libdb API, so note this in the page. + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=337581 + +fopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: Note limitation on number of flag characters parsed in 'mode' + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'c' and 'e' flags are ignored for fdopen() + Determined from reading libio/iofdopen.c. + Michael Kerrisk + Document ",ccs=string" feature of 'mode' for fopen()/freopen() + +getgrnam.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Ulrich Drepper] + Fix discussion of _SC_GETGR_R_SIZE_MAX + The value is not meant to be a maximum (as was specified in + SUSv3) but an initial guess at the required size + (as specified in SUSv4). + +getpwnam.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Ulrich Drepper] + Fix discussion of _SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX + The value is not meant to be a maximum (as was specified in + SUSv3) but an initial guess at the required size + (as specified in SUSv4). + +malloc.3 +mallopt.3 +mtrace.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add mcheck(3) + +memchr.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify description, omitting mention of "strings" and "characters" + The existing text slipped into talking about characters and + strings, which could mislead readers into thing that, for + example, searches for the byte '\0' are treated specially. + Therefore, rewrite in terms of "bytes" and "memory areas". + + At the same time, make a few source file clean-ups. + +mkstemp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add "mkstemps" and "mkostemps" to NAME line + +posix_openpt.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Vadim Mikhailov] + Add some details on use of the slave pathname + An explicit pointer to ptsname(3) is useful, as is a note + of the fact that the slave device pathname exists only as + long as the master device is held open. + +raise.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add some notes on underlying system call that is used + +rcmd.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add some details of the rresvport() 'port' argument + +resolver.3 + Petr Baudis + Note that many options are documented in resolv.conf(5) + +scandir.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Daniel J Blueman] + Improve EXAMPLE source code: s/0/NULL/ in scandir() call + +strchr.3 + James Hunt + Explain behavior when searching for '\0' + +strerror.3 + Eric Blake [Stefan Puiu] + Improve strerror_r() description + POSIX requires that perror() not modify the static storage + returned by strerror(). POSIX 2008 and C99 both require that + strerror() never return NULL (a strerror() that always + returns "" for all inputs is valid for C99, but not for POSIX). + + http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12204 + documents glibc's change to come into compliance with POSIX + regarding strerror_r() return value. The GNU strerror_r() use + of 'buf' was confusing - I ended up writing a test program that + proves that 'buf' is unused for valid 'errnum', but contains + truncated "unknown message" for out-of-range 'errnum'. + + See also http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=382 + Bernhard Walle + Correct description of error return for XSI strerror_r() + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake] + Note how to use 'errno' to detect errors when calling strerror() + Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] + Add an example of the kind of string returned by strerror() + +resolv.conf.5 + Petr Baudis + Document "single-request" option + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note buffer size that guarantees being able to read at least one event + James Hunt + Correct description of size of inotify_event structure + +iso_8859-1.7 + Eugen Dedu + Add "-" for SOFT HYPHEN + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=156154 + +netdevice.7 + Brian F. G. Bidulock + Document some SIOC configuration ioctls + This patch adds common but missing SIOC configuration ioctls to + the netdevice.7 manual pages that are not documented anywhere + else. SIOCSIFPFLAGS and SIOCGIFPFLAGS are linux-specific. Flag + values come from Linux 2.6.25 kernel headers for sockios. The + others are standard BSD ioctls that have always been implemented + by Linux and were verified from inspecting netdevice.c kernel + code. + +socket.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Alexey Toptygin] + Correct description of SO_BROADCAST + +tcp.7 + lepton + Correct description for TCP_MAXSEG on modern kernel + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.41 ==================== + +Released: 2012-05-11, Christchurch + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@gmail.com> +Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Angelo Borsotti <angelo.borsotti@gmail.com> +Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is> +Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx> +Casper Dik <Casper.Dik@oracle.com> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +D. Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com> +Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> +Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> +Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com> +Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com> +Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> +Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> +Jean-Michel Vourgère <jmv_deb@nirgal.com> +Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> +Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> +Kasper Dupont <kasperd@gmail.com> +KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> +Lauri Kasanen <curaga@operamail.com> +Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Nick Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> +Paul Pluzhnikov <ppluzhnikov@google.com> +Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz> +Ralph Corderoy <ralph@inputplus.co.uk> +Rich Felker <bugdal@aerifal.cx> +Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com> +Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com> +Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +get_robust_list.2 + Ivana Varekova [Michael Kerrisk] + New page documenting get_robust_list(2) and set_robust_list(2) + +mallinfo.3 + Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro, Paul Pluzhnikov] + New page for mallinfo(3) + +malloc_info.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Jelinek] + New page for malloc_info(3) + +malloc_stats.3 + Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro] + New man page for malloc_stats(3) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +madvise.2 + Jason Baron + Document MADV_DONTDUMP and MADV_DODUMP + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +set_robust_list.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new get_robust_list.2 page + +LIST_ENTRY.3 +LIST_HEAD.3 +LIST_INIT.3 +LIST_INSERT_AFTER.3 +LIST_INSERT_HEAD.3 +LIST_REMOVE.3 +TAILQ_ENTRY.3 +TAILQ_HEAD.3 +TAILQ_INIT.3 +TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER.3 +TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD.3 +TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL.3 +TAILQ_REMOVE.3 +CIRCLEQ_ENTRY.3 +CIRCLEQ_HEAD.3 +CIRCLEQ_INIT.3 +CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER.3 +CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE.3 +CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD.3 +CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL.3 +CIRCLEQ_REMOVE.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to queue.3 + The queue(3) page documents these macros, so it makes sense to + have links for the names. + +DES_FAILED.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to des_crypt.3 + The des_crypt(3) page documents this macro, so it makes sense + to have a link for the name. + +qsort_r.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to qsort.3 + Overlooked to add this link in 3.38, when documentation of + qsort_r() was added to the qsort.3 page. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +faccessat.2 +fchmodat.2 +fchownat.2 +fstatat.2 +futimesat.2 +inotify_init.2 +linkat.2 +mkdirat.2 +mknodat.2 +openat.2 +readlinkat.2 +renameat.2 +setns.2 +splice.2 +symlinkat.2 +sync.2 +tee.2 +unlinkat.2 +vmsplice.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Lauri Kasanen] + Global fix: note glibc version that added library support + +confstr.3 +strcasecmp.3 +strcat.3 +strcmp.3 +strcpy.3 +strdup.3 +strftime.3 +strlen.3 +strnlen.3 +strpbrk.3 +strspn.3 +strtok.3 +strxfrm.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Andries E. Brouwer] + Clarify that these functions operate on bytes, not (wide) characters + Change 'character(s)' to 'byte(s)' to make clear that these + functions operate on bytes, not wide / UTF8 characters. + (POSIX uses 'byte(s)' similarly, to make this point.) + +icmp.7 +ipv6.7 +packet.7 +raw.7 +rtnetlink.7 +unix.7 +x25.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove names of constants from NAME line + Some of the sockets/network protocol pages included names of + the corresponding address family constants in the NAME line, + but this wasn't done consistently across all pages, and probably + it adds little value in those pages that did do this. So, remove + these constants from those pages that have them in the NAME + section. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clock_getres.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett] + Expand description of CLOCK_REALTIME + Make it clear that this clock may be discontinuous, and is + affected my incremental NTP and clock-adjtime(2) adjustments. + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=540872 + +epoll_wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that 'timeout' is a *minimum* interval + Make it clear that 'timeout' is a minimum interval; the actual + interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity, + and may overrun because of kernel scheduling delays. + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewording to deemphasize libc5 details + +fork.2 + Mike Frysinger + ERRORS: add ENOSYS + Can occur on, for example, non-MMU hardware. + +getcpu.2 + Mike Frysinger + Add RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to NOTES for more info about 'tcache' + Michael Kerrisk + DESCRIPTION: reword a sentence to be clearer + +io_cancel.2 +io_destroy.2 +io_getevents.2 +io_setup.2 +io_submit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite to focus on system call API + Rewrite to focus on the system call interface, adding + some notes on the libaio wrapper differences. + See the following mail: + 2012-05-07 "aio manuals", linux-man@vger + http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/1935/focus=2910 + + Other minor rewrites. + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Comment out an old Linux libc detail + +open.2 + Nick Piggin [KOSAKI Motohiro, Jan Kara, Hugh Dickins] + Describe race of direct I/O and fork() + Rework 04cd7f64, which didn't capture the details correctly. + See the April/May 2012 linux-man@ mail thread "[PATCH] + Describe race of direct read and fork for unaligned buffers" + http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/77571 + +poll.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that 'timeout' is a *minimum* interval + Make it clear that 'timeout' is a minimum interval; the actual + interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity, + and may overrun because of kernel scheduling delays. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify discussion of wrapper function emulation + Clarify that glibc (as well as old libc) provides emulation + using select(2) on older kernels that don't have a poll() + system call. + Michael Kerrisk + Make the meaning of a zero timeout explicit + Clarify that timeout==0 causes an immediate return, even if + no file descriptors are ready. + +pread.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Kasper Dupont] + BUGS: Note O_APPEND + pwrite() does the wrong thing + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=43178 + +recvmmsg.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that 'timeout' is a *minimum* interval + Make it clear that 'timeout' interval will be rounded up to the + system clock granularity, and may overrun because of kernel + scheduling delays. + +select.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that 'timeout' is a *minimum* interval + Make it clear that 'timeout' is a minimum interval; the actual + interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity, + and may overrun because of kernel scheduling delays. + Michael Kerrisk + Expand description of the self-pipe trick + Michael Kerrisk + Add further details on pselect6() system call that underlies pselect() + +semop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that 'timeout' of semtimedop() is a *minimum* interval + Make it clear that 'timeout' interval will be rounded up to the + system clock granularity, and may overrun because of kernel + scheduling delays. + +signal.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'sig_t' requires _BSD_SOURCE + Also remove some old Linux libc details + +sigwaitinfo.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that 'timeout' of sigtimedwait() is a *minimum* interval + Make it clear that 'timeout' is a minimum interval; the actual + interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity, + and may overrun because of kernel scheduling delays. + +stat.2 + Bjarni Ingi Gislason + Formatting fixes + From "groff -ww" (or "man --warnings=w ..."): + + warning: around line 442: table wider than line width + + GNU man uses line length of 78. + + Use text blocks. Two spaces between sentences or better: start + each sentence in a new line. + +syscalls.2 + Bjarni Ingi Gislason + Formatting fixes + From "groff -ww ..." (or "man --warnings=w ..."): + + warning: around line 157: table wider than line width + + Have to use text blocks. Move some text to its correct column. + Split text to two columns to avoid hyphenation. + +sysinfo.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove reference to obsolete libc5 + +syslog.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove some details about obsolete Linux libc + +aio_cancel.3 +aio_error.3 +aio_fsync.3 +aio_read.3 +aio_return.3 +aio_suspend.3 +aio_write.3 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: Add/update ENOSYS error + +aio_cancel.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify what happens when a request isn't successfully canceled + Michael Kerrisk + Add pointers to aio(7) and sigevent(7) + +dbopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SYNOPSIS: Add header file <fcntl.h> + Upstreamed from Debian, and consistent with FreeBSD + dbopen(3) man page. + +fmemopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note details of POSIX.1-2008 specification of 'b' in 'mode' + Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] + BUGS: fmemopen() doesn't correctly set file position in some cases + If 'mode' is append, but 'size' does not cover a null byte + in 'buf', then fmemopen() incorrectly sets the initial file + position to -1, rather than the next byte after the end of + the buffer. + + See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13151 + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: fmemopen() incorrectly handles size==0 case + If size is zero, fmemopen() fails, This is surprising behavior, + and not specified in POSIX.1-2008. + + See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=11216 + + Reported-by; Alex Shinn <alexshinn@gmail.com> + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: Note silent ABI change for fmemopen() in glibc 2.9 + Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] + BUGS: Append mode does not force writes to append + Append mode correctly sets the initial offset but does + not force subsequent writes to append at end of stream. + + See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13152 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake] + BUGS: Note inconsistent treatment of 'b' in 'mode' + fopen() permits, for example, both "w+b" and "wb+", + but only the latter is meaningful to fmemopen(). + + See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12836 + +fopencookie.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Petr Baudis] + Correct description of return for user-supplied 'write' function + See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2074 + +getaddrinfo.3 + Jean-Michel Vourgère + Note that AI_ADDRCONFIG is not affected by loopback addresses + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=660479 + +iconv.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Upstream useful NOTE from Debian + Warn the reader that the pointer arguments can't be + interpreted as C style strings. Also, note possible + alignment requirements for the referenced bytes sequences, + Michael Kerrisk + Write a better paragraph introducing iconv() and its arguments + +isgreater.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre] + Clarify that the arguments to these macros must be real-floating + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=609033 + +lio_listio.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that async notification occurs when *all* I/Os complete + +makedev.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SYNOPSIS: Correct return types of major() and minor() + See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=754188 + + Reported-by; Zdenek Kabelac <zkabelac@redhat.com> + +malloc.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add malloc_info(3) + +malloc_get_state.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix wordos in function names in NAME line + +mallopt.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix example program + The example code was a version that was not consistent with + the shell output shown on the page. + + Reported-bY: Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> + Michael Kerrisk + Restore accidentally omitted line in shell session + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add malloc_stats(3) + +mmap64.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Change target of link to mmap.2 (was mmap2.2) + Upstreamed from Red Hat / Fedora + +realpath.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Casper Dik] + Remove note about Solaris possibly returning a relative path + +syslog.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Ralph Corderoy] + Document behavior when 'ident' argument to openlog() is NULL + See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/382096 + Michael Kerrisk + Update CONFORMING TO for POSIX.1-2008 + POSIX.1-2008 doesn't change any details, but make + that more explicit. + +undocumented.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove some functions that have been documented + +sd.4 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove reference to nonexistent scsi(4) page + Upstreamed from RedHat / Fedora + +sk98lin.4 + Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Hemminger] + Note that this driver was removed in 2.6.28 + See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/528020 + +passwd.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Upstream pieces from Red Hat/Fedora + Note mention of empty password field. + Add description of "*NP*" in password field. + Michael Kerrisk + Various minor fixes and improvements + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that CAP_SYS_ADMIN processes can override file-max + Upstreamed from red Hat / Fedora + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/[pid]/cgroup + Upstreamed from Red Hat / Fedora + +resolv.conf.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Take a Debian improvement into upstream + +tzfile.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention timezone directories in DESCRIPTION + Note that timezone files are usually in /usr/lib/zoneinfo + or /usr/share/zoneinfo. + Michael Kerrisk + Drop SYNOPSIS + The SYNOPSIS doesn't correspond to a user-visible file. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add pointer to glibc source file timezone/tzfile.h + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add tzset(3) and tzselect(8) + +ascii.7 + Bjarni Ingi Gislason + Indent for "troff" makes table too wide + Fix following from "groff -t -ww ...": + + warning: around line 53: table wider than line width + + Extra indent for "troff" makes the table look misplaced + (default "ps" output). + +cp1251.7 + Bjarni Ingi Gislason + table too wide + From "nroff -ww -t ...": + + warning: around line 44: table wider than line width + + Columns are made narrower (column gutter decreased). + +ipv6.7 + Stefan Puiu + Add ENODEV error for bind() to link-local IPv6 address + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] + Clarify that SIGLOST is unused + Michael Kerrisk + Comment out crufty BUGS text on SIGLOST + It must be a very long time since the statement there + about SIGLOST was true. (The text seems to date back to + 1996.) + Michael Kerrisk + Update architectures for tables of signal numbers + +utf-8.7 + Brian M. Carlson + Two clarifications + This patch clarifies that 0xc0 and 0xc1 are not valid in any UTF-8 + encoding[0], and it also references RFC 3629 instead of RFC 2279. + + [0] In order to have 0xc0, you'd have to have a two-byte encoding + with all the data bits zero in the first byte (and thus only six + bits of data), which would be an ASCII character encoded in the + non-shortest form. Similarly with 0xc1. + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=538641 + +ldconfig.8 +nscd.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove path prefix from NAME line + Command names shown in NAME are normally just the basename, + not the full pathname of the command. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.42 ==================== + +Released: 2012-08-14, Konolfingen + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Aaron Peschel <aaron.peschel@gmail.com> +Adrian Dabrowski <atrox@seclab.tuwien.ac.at> +Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@gmail.com> +Alan Curry <pacman@kosh.dhis.org> +Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is> +Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> +Colin McCabe <cmccabe@alumni.cmu.edu> +Daniel Zingaro <daniel.zingaro@utoronto.ca> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@gmail.com> +Henry Hu <henry.hu.sh@gmail.com> +Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> +Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de> +Jim Hill <gjthill@gmail.com> +JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com> +Kalle Olavi Niemitalo <kon@iki.fi> +Martin H <textshell-tSIEzQ@neutronstar.dyndns.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> +Rasmus Villemoes <Rasmus.Villemoes@decode.is> +Sami Kerola <kerolasa@iki.fi> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Shawn Landden <shawnlandden@gmail.com> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Tolga Dalman <tolga.dalman@googlemail.com> +Ulrich Drepper <drepper@gmail.com> +Марк Коренберг <socketpair@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Sami Kerola + Global fix: use UR macro where applicable + The syntax .UR http://example.com paired with .UE will create + links which one can interact, if the pager allows that. One + way to see the effect is ask the man(1) command to use browser + display, e.g.: + + man -H man7/uri.7 + + ("\:" is optional groff syntax to permit hyphenless line breaks.) + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +ldd.1 + Michael Kerrisk + Add security note on untrusted executables + See also http://www.catonmat.net/blog/ldd-arbitrary-code-execution/ + and + http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite discussion of sys_clone + +futex.2 + Марк Коренберг + Consolidate error descriptions to ERRORS + Michael Kerrisk + Various wording fix-ups + Michael Kerrisk + Fix description of EINVAL error + The current text seems incorrect. Replace with a more general + description. + +getdents.2 +select_tut.2 +atof.3 +atoi.3 +pthread_create.3 +pthread_sigmask.3 +rtime.3 +setbuf.3 +tsearch.3 +netlink.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Jan Engelhardt] + Remove unneeded casts + +get_robust_list.2 +get_thread_area.2 +getcpu.2 +getdents.2 +gettid.2 +io_cancel.2 +io_destroy.2 +io_getevents.2 +io_setup.2 +io_submit.2 +ioprio_set.2 +kexec_load.2 +llseek.2 +modify_ldt.2 +mq_getsetattr.2 +pivot_root.2 +readdir.2 +rt_sigqueueinfo.2 +set_thread_area.2 +sgetmask.2 +spu_create.2 +spu_run.2 +subpage_prot.2 +sysctl.2 +tkill.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add note to SYNOPSIS that there is no glibc wrapper for system call + Reduce the chance that the reader may be misled into thinking + that there is a wrapper function for this system call by noting + explicitly in the SYNOPSIS that there is no glibc wrapper and + pointing the reader to NOTES for further details. + +ioprio_set.2 + Colin McCabe + Clarify the multithreaded behavior of ioprio_set(2) + Michael Kerrisk [Марк Коренберг, Kalle Olavi Niemitalo] + Document who==0 for IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS and IOPRIO_WHO_PGRP + For IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, who==0 means operate on the caller. + For IOPRIO_WHO_PGRP, who==0 means operate on the caller's + process group. + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=652443 + +migrate_pages.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Lameter, JoonSoo Kim] + Fix description of return value + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + For MS_REMOUNT, source is ignored + +mprotect.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes] + 'addr' argument is not const + As reported by Rasmus: + + Both my system's man-pages (3.22) and the latest online + (3.41) show: + + int mprotect(const void *addr, size_t len, int prot); + + as the prototype for mprotect(2). However, POSIX [1] and the + actual sys/mman.h (on all the systems I checked) do not have + the const qualifier on the first argument. + +msgctl.2 +semctl.2 +shmctl.2 +svipc.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Don't mention that ipc_perm is defined in <sys/ipc.h> + There's no need to mention that the 'ipc_perm' structure + is defined in <sys/ipc.h>. That's an implementation detail, + and furthermore <sys/ipc.h> is itself included by the other + System V IPC header files. The current text might lead the + reader to conclude that they must include <sys/ipc.h>, which + is not the case (it is required neither on Linux, nor by the + standards). + +msgctl.2 +msgget.2 +msgop.2 +semctl.2 +semget.2 +semop.2 +shmctl.2 +shmget.2 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: <sys/types.h> and <sys/ipc.h> aren't strictly needed + Add text to NOTES to say that the <sys/types.h> and <sys/ipc.h> + header files aren't required by Linux or the standards, but may + be needed for portability to old systems. + +ptrace.2 + Denys Vlasenko + Explain WNOHANG behavior and EINTR bug + I didn't like the "SIGKILL operates similarly, with exceptions" + phrase (if it's different, then it's not "similar", right?), + and now I got around to changing it. Now it says simply: + "SIGKILL does not generate signal-delivery-stop and therefore + the tracer can't suppress it." + + Replaced "why WNOHANG is not reliable" example with a more + realistic one (the one which actually inspired to add this + information to man page in the first place): we got + ESRCH - process is gone! - but waitpid(WNOHANG) can still + confusingly return 0 "no processes to wait for". + + Replaced "This means that unneeded trailing arguments may + be omitted" part with a much better recommendation + to never do that and to supply zero arguments instead. + (The part about "undocumentedness" of gcc behavior was bogus, + btw - deleted). + + Expanded BUGS section with the explanation and an example + of visible strace behavior on the buggy syscalls which + exit with EINTR on ptrace attach. I hope this will lead + to people submitting better bug reports to lkml about + such syscalls. + +seteuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note glibc version where setegid() implementation changed + In glibc 2.2/2.3, setegid() switched from setregid() to setresgid(). + +set_tid_address.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rename 'ctid' argument for consistency with clone(2) page + Michael Kerrisk + Some rewordings and minor clarifications + +sigwaitinfo.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Zingaro] + Some wording clarifications + Mainly rewording things like "is delivered" to "becomes pending", + which is more accurate terminology. + +syscall.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add some more details to the description of syscall(2) + And add another example of using syscall() to the program example. + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add kcmp(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Move discussion of set_zone_reclaim(2) out of main table + This system call was never visible to user space, so it makes + sense to move it out of the main table of system calls into + the notes below the table. + +getifaddrs.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Adrian Dabrowski] + Note that ifa_addr and ifa_netmask can be NULL + +readdir.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jan Engelhardt] + Handle -1 error from pathconf() in example code snippet + Improve the example demonstrating allocation of a buffer + for readdir_r() to handle -1 error return from pathconf(). + Otherwise, naive readers may think that pathconf() return + value can be used without checking. + +realpath.3 + Shawn Landden + Use past tense with ancient history (libc4, libc5) + +regex.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Correct SEE ALSO reference to glibc manual "regex" section + +rtime.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jan Engelhardt] + Fix broken pointer cast in example code + +sem_close.3 +sem_destroy.3 +sem_getvalue.3 +sem_init.3 +sem_open.3 +sem_post.3 +sem_unlink.3 +sem_wait.3 +sem_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that "cc -pthread" is required; "-lrt" no longer works + See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/874418 + +sigwait.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Reword "is delivered" to "becomes pending" + +strcat.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add some text to emphasize the dangers of buffer overruns + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: Add discussion of strlcat() + +strcpy.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that info is lost when strncpy() doesn't null terminate + Michael Kerrisk + Add some text to emphasize possibility of buffer runs with strcpy() + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: Add a discussion of strlcpy() + Inspired by https://lwn.net/Articles/506530/ + Michael Kerrisk + Fix description of the null-byte padding performed by strncpy() + +tsearch.3 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: remove redundant discussion of unorthodox use of term "postorder" + This point is already covered at greater length in the main + text of the page (See the piece "More commonly, ..."). + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify use for first argument to the twalk() 'action' function + There's a number of details in POSIX that are omitted in + the current version of this page. + Michael Kerrisk + Some wording fixes + +core.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Note effect of madvise(2) MADV_DONTDUMP flag + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND + +glob.7 + Bjarni Ingi Gislason + Change 8 bit characters to 7 bit representation + Fixes rendering errors for accented 'a' characters. + Michael Kerrisk [Aaron Peschel] + Update bash(1) command used to obtain classical globbing behavior + The man page formerly noted the bash(1) v1 command to do this. + +iso_8859-1.7 + Bjarni Ingi Gislason + Explanation of SOFT HYPHEN and the code for it + <groff: iso_8859-2.7>:89: warning: can't find special character `shc' + + This is the only "iso_8859-*.7" file that has this (now) + undefined character. The code in column four in "iso_8859-1.7" is + "0x2D" ("HYPHEN, MINUS SIGN" or "HYPHEN-MINUS") instead of "0xAD". + See Debian bug 156154 (or package "manpages"). + + There should be an explanation for this graphic character and the + code should be 0xAD in iso_8859-1.7 (as in all others), even + though "[gn]roff" does not display a "HYPHEN" in that position of + the table. + + The line with "SOFT HYPHEN" gets a footnote and a short + explanation. + +mdoc.7 + Bjarni Ingi Gislason + Fixing a warning and a table + Fis warning from "groff -ww ..." (or "man --warnings=w ..."): + + <groff: mdoc.7>:294: warning: + tab character in unquoted macro argument + + In one table the distance between columns is too small in the + "ps" output. (Bug in the groff "doc.tmac" macro?) + +mdoc.samples.7 + Bjarni Ingi Gislason + Fix warnings from [ng]roff, corrections + From "man -ww ..." (groff -ww ...): + + <standard input>:541: warning: + tab character in unquoted macro argument + [+3 similar warnings] + <standard input>:813: warning: macro `Pu' not defined + Usage: .Rv -std in sections 2 and 3 only (#1669) + mdoc warning: A .Bl directive has no matching .El (#1821) + + String "Pu" defined as a row of punctuation characters. + ".Bl" and ".El" fixed. + Some arguments, that start with a period or are the name of a + macro, protected with "\&". + Variable name for macro ".Rv" corrected. + +netdevice.7 + Bjarni Ingi Gislason + Line in table too long + Fix warning from "man ..." ("nroff -ww ..."): + + nroff: netdevice.7: warning: around line 98: + table wider than line width + + Fix: No right adjustment in text blocks in tables. + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=673873 + +netlink.7 + Bjarni Ingi Gislason + Line in table is too long + Fix warning from "man ..." ("nroff -ww ..."): + + nroff: netlink.7: warning: around line 195: + table wider than line width + + Horizontal line incorporated into table. + No right adjustment of text blocks in tables. + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=673875 + Simon Paillard [Herbert Xu] + Change description of "*_pid" fields to "Port ID" + As reported by Herbert Xu, these should not be considered as PIDs. + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=383296 + +rtnetlink.7 + Bjarni Ingi Gislason + Line in table too long + Fix warning from "man ..." ("nroff -ww ..."): + + nroff: rtnetlink.7: warning: around line 415: + table wider than line width + + Column gutter reduced to fit line length. + Right adjustment in text blocks removed in tables. + Some header made centered in tables. + One table put on same page. + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=674051 + +socket.7 + Martin H + Document SO_MARK socket option + Commit 4a19ec5800fc3bb64e2d87c4d9fdd9e636086fe0 in Jan 2008 added + the new SO_MARK socket option. + + This patch is based on text from the commit message. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16461. + +svipc.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SYNOPSIS: Remove include of <sys/types.h> and <sys/ipc.h> + Including <sys/types.h> and <sys/ipc.h> isn't needed on Linux + and isn't really relevant for the explanation on this page. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.43 ==================== + +Released: 2012-10-05, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org> +Anatoli Klassen <anatoli@aksoft.net> +Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org> +Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +Frédéric Brière <fbriere@fbriere.net> +Fredrik Arnerup <arnerup@kth.se> +Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org> +Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@inai.de> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Simon Josefsson <simon@josefsson.org> +Stephane Fillod <fillods@users.sf.net> +Trevor Woerner <twoerner@gmail.com> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +getenv.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Andreas Schwab] + Document secure_getenv(3) + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +phys.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to unimplemented.2 + +secure_getenv.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to getenv.3 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/-/\\-/ when real hyphen is required (e.g., in code) + +Various pages + David Prévot [Michael Kerrisk] + Global fix: Various consistency fixes for SEE ALSO + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: use "Linux kernel source" consistently + Rather than "kernel source". + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: disable justification and hyphenation in SEE ALSO + For a better visual result, disable justification and hyphenation + in SEE ALSO where page names are long. + +syscalls.2 +uname.2 +boot.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/OS/operating system/ + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +epoll_wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Fredrik Arnerup] + Describe timeout limitation in kernels < 2.6.37 + As reported by Fredrik (and as far as I can tell the problem + went back to 2.6.0): + + The timeout argument has an upper limit. Any values above that + limit are treated the same as -1, i.e. to wait indefinitely. + The limit is given by: + + #define EP_MAX_MSTIMEO min(1000ULL * MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT / HZ, \ + (LONG_MAX - 999ULL) / HZ) + + That is, the limit depends on the size of a long and the timer + frequency. Assuming the long is never smaller than 32 bits + and HZ never larger than 1000, the worst case is 35 minutes. + I think this should be mentioned under "BUGS". + + Although this is likely to be fixed in the future + (http://lkml.org/lkml/2010/8/8/144), the problem exists in + at least 2.6.14 - 2.6.35. I don't know if select(2) and poll(2) + are affected. + + https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=20762 + Michael Kerrisk + Add pointer to select(2) for discussion of close in another thread + +getitimer.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Trevor Woerner] + Note Linux's odd handling of the new_value==NULL case + Michael Kerrisk [Trevor Woerner] + Fix types used to declare fields in timeval struct + +keyctl.2 + David Prévot + Reorder SEE ALSO, without .br + +poll.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add pointer to select(2) for discussion of close in another thread + +select.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Stephane Fillod] + Note behavior if monitored file descriptor is closed in another thread + Executive summary: a sane application can't rely on any + particular behavior if another thread closes a file descriptor + being monitored by select(). + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=40852 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify equivalent pselect() code in terms of threads + s/sigprogmask/pthread_sigmask/ + +semop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Recast discussion of blocking behavior in terms of threads + semop() blocks the calling thread, not the process. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add clone(2) + Give reader a clue about CLONE_SYSVSEM. + +shutdown.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Dumazet] + Document EINVAL error (and associated bug) + Eric Dumazet noted that EINVAL was not documented. Some further + digging shows that it's also not diagnosed consistently. + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=47111. + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Tweak SA_RESETHAND description + +timer_settime.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Small rewording around discussion of pointer arguments + +wait4.2 + Adrian Bunk + Note that these functions are nonstandard and recommend alternatives + Some edits to Adrian's patch by mtk. + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: Note SUS details for wait3() + +gnu_get_libc_version.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove unneeded "#define _GNU_SOURCE" from SYNOPSIS + +pthread_kill.3 +pthread_sigqueue.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove wording "another" + Writing "another thread" in these pages implies that these + functions can't be used to send a signal to the calling thread + itself, which is of course untrue. + +sigvec.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add "int" arg to sv_handler definition in sigvec structure + Michael Kerrisk + Fix small error in discussion of blocking of signals + The signal that causes the handler to be invoked is blocked, + but saying "by default" implies that this can be changed via + the API. It cannot. (One needs sigaction(2) for that.) + +syslog.3 + Simon Josefsson + Remove (apparently bogus) text claiming LOG_AUTH is deprecated + LOG_AUTH is in POSIX, and widely available. There + seems to be no basis to the claim it is deprecated. + + Quoting Simon: + I cannot find any other source that claim LOG_AUTH is + deprecated in any way. LOG_AUTH is distinct from + LOG_AUTHPRIV. The GNU C Library manual only documents + LOG_AUTH. The header files contains both without any + comment. Common systems like Debian appear to refer to + both auth and authpriv facilities in syslog configurations. + Popular daemons appear to use both facilities. + Both facilities are discussed in several RFCs. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46091 + +ttyname.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add ctermid(3) + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify header file related to 'flags' field of /proc/PID/stat + Michael Kerrisk [Frédéric Brière] + Update description of 'starttime' field of /proc/PID/stat + The unit of measurement changed from jiffies to clock ticks in + Linux 2.6. + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=675891 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict + Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook] + Document /proc/sys/fs/protected_symlinks + Based on text in Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt by Kees Cook + Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook] + Document /proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks + Based on text in Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt by Kees Cook + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document interaction of CAP_SYSLOG and /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict + +ip.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add ipv6(7) + SEE ALSO: Add icmp(7) + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add some advice about disabling hyphenation in SEE ALSO + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe interpretation of slashes in dependency strings + Michael Kerrisk + Repeat note that LD_LIBRARY_PATH is ignored in privileged programs + This point is already noted when discussing search order for + libraries, but it's worth repeating under the specific discussion + of LD_LIBRARY_PATH further down the page. + Michael Kerrisk + Add some details for LD_PRELOAD + Note that LD_PRELOAD list separator can be space or colon + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.44 ==================== + +Released: 2012-11-07, Barcelona + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Bert Hubert <bert.hubert@netherlabs.nl> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +James Youngman <jay@gnu.org> +Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> +Lars Wirzenius <liw@iki.fi> +Lucas De Marchi <lucas.de.marchi@gmail.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Thomas Habets <thomas@habets.se> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +delete_module.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite to Linux 2.6+ reality + Michael Kerrisk + Change license and copyright + There is now nothing left of the original FSF-copyrighted + page. So, change the copyright and license. + Michael Kerrisk [Lucas De Marchi, Rusty Russell] + Substantial reorganization after comments from Rusty Russell + Rusty notes that O_NONBLOCK is almost always used in + practice. Therefore, it would be better to reorganize + the page to consider that "the default". + +init_module.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite to Linux 2.6+ reality + Michael Kerrisk + Change copyright and license + Little of the original page now remains. Change + copyright and license + Michael Kerrisk [Rusty Russell] + Changes after review comments from Rusty Russell + Kees Cook + Add various pieces describing Linux 2.6+ behavior + Pieces take from, or inspired by, a patch sent by Kees. + +getauxval.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document getauxval() function added in glibc 2.16 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: Use consistent capitalization in NAME section + The line(s) in the NAME section should only use capitals + where English usage dictates that. Otherwise, use + lowercase throughout. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: "userspace" ==> "user space" or "user-space" + Existing pages variously use "userspace or "user space". + But, "userspace" is not quite an English word. + So change "userspace" to "user space" or, when used + attributively, "user-space". + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clock_getres.2 +clock_nanosleep.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Linking with -lrt is no longer needed from glibc 2.17 onward + +create_module.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that this system call is present only in kernels before 2.6 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that ENOSYS probably indicates kernel 2.6+ + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document treatment of PR_SET_PDEATHSIG on execve() + Michael Kerrisk + Document treatment of SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS securebits flag on execve() + +fork.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note treatment of default timer slack value on fork() + +getdomainname.2 + Simon Paillard [Lars Wirzenius] + Point out that these calls relate to NIS, not DNS + See http://bugs.debian.org/295635 + +get_kernel_syms.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that this system call is present only in kernels before 2.6 + +ipc.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update note on architectures that don't have ipc() + Replace mention of ia64 with x86-64 and ARM. + +link.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add EPERM error triggered by /proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlink + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention Documentation/prctl/no_new_privs.txt for PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS + Kees Cook + update seccomp sections for mode 2 (BPF) + This adds a short summary of the arguments used + for "mode 2" (BPF) seccomp. + Michael Kerrisk + Small improvements to PR_SET_SECCOMP discussion + Note type of 'arg3' for SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER. + Add pointer to Documentation/prctl/seccomp_filter.txt. + Michael Kerrisk + Note 'seccomp' semantics with respect to fork(), execve(), and prctl() + Michael Kerrisk + Document PR_SET_TIMERSLACK and PR_GET_TIMERSLACK + Michael Kerrisk + Reword PR_SET_NAME and PR_GET_NAME in terms of threads + Plus tfix + Kees Cook + document PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS + This adds a short description of the no_new_privs bit, + as described in Documentation/prctl/no_new_privs.txt. + +ptrace.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that some operations are not present on all architectures + PTRACE_GETREGS, PTRACE_SETGREFS, PTRACE_GETFPREGS, + and PTRACE_GETSPREGS are not present on all architectures. + PTRACE_SYSEMU and PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP are present only + on x86. + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=122383 + +query_module.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a few words clarifying reference to /sys/module + Michael Kerrisk + Note that this system call is present only in kernels before 2.6 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that ENOSYS probably indicates kernel 2.6+ + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add modinfo(8) and lsinfo(8) + Michael Kerrisk + Move some information in NOTES to VERSIONS + +socketcall.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update note on architectures that don't have socketcall() + Replace mention of ia64 with x86-64 and ARM. + +times.2 + Thomas Habets + Recommend clock_gettime(2) as alternative to times(2) + +clock_getcpuclockid.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Linking with -lrt is no longer needed from glibc 2.17 onward + +fts.3 + Simon Paillard [James Youngman] + Improve description of physical vs. logical tree walking + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=633505 + +getenv.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add getauxval(3) + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/meminfo + Info mostly taken from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt + and Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt. + Michael Kerrisk + Default for /proc/sys/fs/protected_{hardlinks,symlinks} is now 0 + The default setting of 1 in/proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks + and /proc/sys/fs/protected_symlinks caused one too many + breakages for Linus's taste, so commit 561ec64ae67e changed + the default for both files to 0. + Note system call error yielded by /proc/sys/fs/protected_symlinks + Note that violating 'protected_symlinks' restrictions + causes system calls to fail with the error EACCES. + Michael Kerrisk + Since Linux 2.6.27, /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe depends on CONFIG_MODULES + +ipv6.7 + Bert Hubert + Document IPV6_RECVPKTINFO + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note rules for capitalization in NAME section + +time.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a subsection on timer slack + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add getauxval(3) + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.45 ==================== + +Released: 2012-12-21, Christchurch + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> +Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com> +Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> +Felipe Pena <felipensp@gmail.com> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +Gao Feng <gaofeng@cn.fujitsu.com> +Jan Glauber <jang@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Jim Paris <jim@jtan.com> +Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Rens van der Heijden <rens.vanderheijden@uni-ulm.de> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Thierry Vignaud <thierry.vignaud@gmail.com> +Trevor Woerner <twoerner@gmail.com> +YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +s390_runtime_instr.2 + Jan Glauber + New page for s390-specific s390_runtime_instr(2) + +if_nameindex.3 + YOSHIFUJI Hideaki + Document if_nameindex(3) and if_freenameindex(3) + Michael Kerrisk + Edits, improvements and corrections to Hideaki's page + Michael Kerrisk + Add an example program + +if_nametoindex.3 + YOSHIFUJI Hideaki + New page documenting if_nametoindex(3) and if_indextoname(3) + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +if_freenameindex.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to if_nameindex.3 + +if_indextoname.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to if_nametoindex.3 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +sysconf.3 +cciss.4 + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/runtime/run time/ + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Since 2.6.30, CLONE_NEWIPC also supports POSIX message queues + +delete_module.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Small rewording of description of effect of O_TRUNC + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Trevor Woerner] + Document Linux's nonstandard treatment or RLIMIT_CPU soft limit + Upon encountering the RLIMIT_CPU soft limit when a SIGXCPU handler + has been installed, Linux invokes the signal handler *and* raises + the soft limit by one second. This behavior repeats until the + limit is encountered. No other implementation that I tested + (Solaris 10, FreeBSD 9.0, OpenBSD 5.0) does this, and it seems + unlikely to be POSIX-conformant. The (Linux-specific) + RLIMIT_RTTIME soft limit exhibits similar behavior. + Michael Kerrisk + Point reader at discussion of /proc/[pid]/limits in proc(5) + +io_getevents.2 + Michael Kerrisk + io_getevents() may cause segfault when called with invalid ctx_id + For reference see: http://marc.info/?l=linux-aio&m=130089887002435&w=2 + +recv.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Dumazet] + UNIX domain sockets support MSG_TRUNC since 3.4 + +sendmmsg.2 + Elie De Brauwer + Add example program for sendmmsg() + +stat.2 + Simon Paillard + Clarify description of EOVERFLOW error + The EOVERFLOW error is not only for st_size, but also + inode and block size fields. See glibc source file + sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/xstatconv.c and kernel source + file fs/stat.c. Also, fix bit/byte confusion + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=604928 + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update various references to "i386" to "x86" + Michael Kerrisk + Add s390_runtime_instr(2) + +sysctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention CONFIG_SYSCTL_SYSCALL + Michael Kerrisk + Calls to sysctl() log warnings to the kernel log since 2.6.24 + +syslog.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Substantially reorganize discussion of commands + Make the layout of the discussion of the commands + more readable. + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel symbolic 'type' names + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify SYSLOG_ACTION_SIZE_UNREAD semantics + SYSLOG_ACTION_SIZE_UNREAD returns the number of bytes + available for reading via SYSLOG_ACTION_READ. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify where SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_ALL places data it reads + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify semantics of SYSLOG_ACTION_CLEAR + The SYSLOG_ACTION_CLEAR command (5) does not really clear + the ring buffer; rather it affects the semantics of what + is returned by commands 3 (SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_ALL) and + 4 (SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_CLEAR). + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify discussion of privileges for commands 3 and 10 + Michael Kerrisk + Add mention of CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT + +wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: Document odd waitid() behavior when 'infop' is NULL + +getifaddrs.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Julien Cristau] + Update description of ifa_data to Linux 2.6+ reality + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=526778 + +memcmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] + Enhance RETURN VALUE text and remove redundant text from DESCRIPTION + Note that sign of result equals sign of difference between + first two bytes that differ (treated as "unsigned char")." + +mkstemp.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] + Deemphasize discussion of mode 066 in glibc 2.0.6 + Glibc 2.0.6 is now so ld that the discussion of details + of that version can be deemphasized placing just under + NOTES. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=51811 + +strcmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] + Enhance RETURN VALUE text and remove redundant text from DESCRIPTION + Note that sign of result equals sign of difference between + first two bytes that differ (treated as "unsigned char")." + +ttyname.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix confused text in ERRORS + The existing text suggested that the ERRORS applied + only for ttyname_r(). However, 2 of the 3 errors + can occur for ttyname(). + +undocumented.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove some now documented functions + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Jim Paris] + Correct description of SwapFree in /proc/meminfo + Michael Kerrisk + Note change of /proc/[pid]/limits file permissions in 2.6.36 + +resolv.conf.5 + Simon Paillard + Document IPv6 format for nameserver + See: http://bugs.debian.org/610036 + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Rens van der Heijden] + Correct URL for POSIX.1e draft + +ipv6.7 + Gao Feng + Add description of getsockopt() for IPV6_MTU + In IPv4,IP_MTU is only supported by getsockopt. + In IPv6, we can use IPV6_MTU to set socket's MTU, + but the return value of getsockopt() is the path MTU. + +rtnetlink.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Julien Cristau] + Update description of IFLA_STATS to Linux 2.6+ reality + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=526778 + +socket.7 + Michael Kerrisk [YOSHIFUJI Hideaki] + Document 'sockaddr' and 'sockaddr_storage' types + Andi Kleen + Explain effect of SO_SNDTIMEO for connect() + When SO_SNDTIMEO is set before connect(), then connect() + may return EWOULDBLOCK when the timeout fires. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.46 ==================== + +Released: 2013-01-27, Canberra + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andrew Perepechko <andrew_perepechko@xyratex.com> +Cédric Boutillier <cedric.boutillier@gmail.com> +Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> +Daan Spitz <daan.f.spitz@gmail.com> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com> +Garrett Cooper <yanegomi@gmail.com> +James Noble <James.Noble@daktronics.com> +Justin Lebar <justin.lebar@gmail.com> +Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> +Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@profusion.mobi> +Mark Hills <mark@pogo.org.uk> +Maxin B. John <maxin.john@gmail.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michal Gorny <mgorny@gentoo.org> +Peter Budny <bigpeteb@gmail.com> +Peter Lekeynstein <lekensteyn@gmail.com> +Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> +Samuel Thibault <sthibault@debian.org> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Shawn Landden <shawnlandden@gmail.com> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Starlight <starlight.2013q1@binnacle.cx> +Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> +Wolfgang Rohdewald <wolfgang@rohdewald.de> +Zsbán Ambrus <ambrus@math.bme.hu> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +kcmp.2 + Cyrill Gorcunov, Michael Kerrisk + New page for kcmp(2) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +init_module.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook, Rusty Russell, Lucas De Marchi] + Document finit_module(2) + Rusty Russell [Lucas De Marchi, Kees Cook] + Document finit_module() 'flags' argument + Document MODULE_INIT_IGNORE_MODVERSIONS and + MODULE_INIT_IGNORE_VERMAGIC. (Some edits by mtk.) + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +finit_module.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to init_module.2 + +__after_morecore_hook.3 +__free_hook.3 +__malloc_initialize_hook.3 +__memalign_hook.3 +__realloc_hook.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to malloc_hook.3 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/tty/terminal/ + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel versions for various CLONE_* constants + Michael Kerrisk + CLONE_NEWIPC governs mechanisms that don't have filesystem pathnames + Michael Kerrisk + CLONE_NEWIPC doesn't mount the POSIX MQ file system + Michael Kerrisk + Add an example program (CLONE_NEWUTS) + Michael Kerrisk + Some reworking of CLONE_NEWIPC text + No substantial content changes. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add kcmp(2) + SEE ALSO: add setns(2) + +fallocate.2 + Michael Kerrisk + FALLOC_FL_* flags are defined in glibc only since 2.18 + +getxattr.2 +removexattr.2 +setxattr.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Andrew Perepechko, ] + Note that ENOATTR is a synonym for ENODATA + Various people have pointed out that strace(1) shows ENODATA + for the case where the named attribute does not exist, or + the process has no access to this attribute. ENODATA + and ENOATTR are in fact defined as synonyms. Point this out + in the man page, so that people understand the strace(1) info. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=51871 + +getxattr.2 +listxattr.2 +removexattr.2 +setxattr.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Put errors under ERRORS section + The errno values on these pages were listed in a nonstandard + way under the RETURN VALUE section. Put them in ERRORS sections. + +init_module.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Rusty Russell] + ERRORS: Add errors for module signatures (EBADMSG, ENOKEY) + +link.2 +mkdir.2 +mknod.2 +open.2 +rename.2 +symlink.2 +write.2 +mkfifo.3 + Mark Hills + Document EDQUOT error + The return error EDQUOT is not documented in open(2), write(2), + symlink(2) etc. + + Whether inodes or disk blocks are required for each function + is something I based on received wisdom and BSD documentation, + rather than tracing the code to the kernel. For symlink(2) + this certainly depends on the file system type. + +listxattr.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Theodore Ts'o] + Fix RETURN VALUE description + On success, 0 may be returned, so change wording from + "positive number" to "nonnegative number". + +outb.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add SYNOPSIS + +prctl.2 + Kees Cook + Document PR_SET_PTRACER + Document the Yama LSM's prctl handler that allows processes to + declare ptrace restriction exception relationships via + PR_SET_PTRACER. + Michael Kerrisk + Make it explicit that PR_SET_PTRACER replaces previous setting + The attribute is a scalar, not a list. + Shawn Landden + Document EINVAL error for PR_SET_PTRACER + Michael Kerrisk + Document PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS + +ptrace.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document PTRACE_O_EXITKILL + Michael Kerrisk + Place PTRACE_SETOPTIONS list in alphabetical order + +query_module.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Must be called using syscall(2) + Yes, the call is way obsolete, but add this info + for completeness. + +recvmmsg.2 + Elie De Brauwer + Add/correct kernel version info for recvmmsg() and MSG_WAITFORNONE + This patch isolates the since/version related fixes as requested. + This change introduces the following delta: + * The page states it was added in 2.6.32 but it is only added + 2.6.33 (ref: http://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_2_6_33) + * The MSG_WAITFORONE flag was in turn only added in 2.6.34 + (ref: http://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_2_6_34) + Elie De Brauwer + Add an example program + +setns.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add example program + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Zsbán Ambrus] + Note feature test macro requirements for 'siginfo_t' + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=52931 + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add kern_features(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Add utrap_install(2) + Sparc-specific, present since ancient times + Michael Kerrisk + Add finit_module(2) + +sysctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Garrett Cooper] + ERRORS: EACCES as a synonym for EPRM + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46731 + and http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.ltp/11413/focus=957635 + From: Garrett Cooper <yanegomi <at> gmail.com> + Subject: Re: [LTP] [PATCH] sysctl03: sysctl returns EACCES after 2.6.33-rc1 + Newsgroups: gmane.linux.kernel, gmane.linux.ltp + Date: 2010-03-04 18:35:33 GMT + +unshare.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update NOTES on unimplemented flags + Michael Kerrisk + Fix text problems in description of CLONE_FS + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add kcmp(2) + SEE ALSO: add setns(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Reorder CLONE_NEWUTS entry in list + +difftime.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Michal Gorny] + Remove crufty text about 'time_t' on "other systems" + Back in 2006, some text came in via Debian patches that seems + crufty. Remove it. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46731 + +getaddrinfo.3 +getnameinfo.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Budny] + Fix some confused references to function names + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=52741 + +getspnam.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Wolfgang Rohdewald] + ERRORS: Add EACCES + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=52681 + +__setfpucw.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add proper page cross refs for alternate functions + +core.5 +proc.5 + Kees Cook + Clarify suid_dumpable versus core_pattern + In Linux 3.6, additional requirements were placed on core_pattern + when suid_dumpable is set to 2. Document this and include commit + references. + Justin Lebar + statm's "shared" field refers to pages backed by files + I noticed that statm's "shared" field doesn't match the sum of + all the "shared" entries in smaps [1]. + + The kernel docs explain that statm's "shared" field is "number of + pages that are shared (i.e. backed by a file)" [2]. smaps appears + to call a page shared if it's mapped by at least two processes, + which explains this discrepancy. + + I'm not a kernel hacker, but it appears to me they do mean "i.e." + and not "e.g." in the statm description: In + fs/proc/task_mmu.c::task_statm, I see + + *shared = get_mm_counter(mm, MM_FILEPAGES); + + Here's a patch which updates the man page to match the (hopefully + correct) kernel docs. + + [1] https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=807181 + [2] http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git;a=blob;f=Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt;h=a1793d670cd01bd374eddf54ffdfc768504291ff;hb=HEAD + +proc.5 + Kees Cook + Put /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug in alphabetical order + Kees Cook + Document /proc/sys/kernel/dmesg_restrict + Kees Cook + Linux 3.4 changed permissions needed to change kptr_restrict + Michael Kerrisk [Samuel Thibault, Simon Paillard] + Add field numbers for /proc/PID/stat + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=553413 + Add numbering to /proc/stat "cpu" fields + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=553413 + Michael Kerrisk + Reorganize text describing /proc/stat "cpu" fields + Michael Kerrisk + Rewording of suid_dumpable text after comments from Kees Cook + Michael Kerrisk [Samuel Thibault, Simon Paillard] + Add field numbers for /proc/[pid]/statm + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=553413 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/stat "cpu" "nice_guest" field + Info taken from commit ce0e7b28fb75cb003cfc8d0238613aaf1c55e797 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Lekeynstein] + Document /prod/[pid]/oom_score_adj + Text taken directly from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt, + with some light editing. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=50421 + +shells.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Add /etc/bash to list of example shells + +ttytype.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Add proper xref for termcap and terminfo pages + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add kcmp(2) under CAP_SYS_PTRACE + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Update description of Section 7 + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.47 ==================== + +Released: 2013-02-12, Christchurch + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +D. Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com> +Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com> +Radek Pazdera <rpazdera@redhat.com> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> +Shawn Landden <shawnlandden@gmail.com> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Vince Weaver <vweaver1@eecs.utk.edu> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +perf_event_open.2 + Vincent Weaver + New page documenting perf_event_open(2) + +pthread_setname_np.3 + Chandan Apsangi, Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_setname_np(3) and pthread_getname_np(3) + +sln.8 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] + New page documenting the 'sln' command provided by glibc + Inspired by a Red Hat downstream page, but with rather + more detail. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden, Lennart Poettering] + Document PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER and PR_GET_CHILD_SUBREAPER + +ip.7 + Radek Pazdera + Add source-specific multicast sockopts + This patch adds documentation of several source-specific multicast + socket options that were added to kernel with implementation + of IGMPv3 in 2.5.68. + + The following socket options were added: + IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP + IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP + IP_BLOCK_SOURCE + IP_UNBLOCK_SOURCE + IP_MSFILTER + + +Pages moved across sections +--------------------------- + +getcontext.3 + Michael Kerrisk + This page really belongs in Section 3 (moved from Section 2) + +getdtablesize.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Move from Section 2 + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +getcontext.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Make link to page moved into Section 3 + +getdtablesize.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Link to renamed getdtablesize.3 + +setcontext.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Modify link to point to Section 3 + +pthread_getname_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_setname_np.3 + +setcontext.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Link to getcontext page renamed into Section 3 + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +fallocate.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add fallocate(1) + +flock.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add flock(1) + +fork.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add exit(2) + +getpriority.2 + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: note that nice value is per-thread on Linux + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add prlimit(1) + +gettid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add various system calls that use thread IDs + +ioprio_set.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ionice(1) + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add taskset(1) + +sched_setparam.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Scheduling policy and parameters are per-thread on Linux + Direct the reader to the discussion in sched_setscheduler(2). + +sched_setscheduler.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Scheduling policy and parameters are per-thread on Linux + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add chrt(1) + +setsid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add setsid(1) + +shmop.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] + ERRORS: Add EIDRM + Taken from Red Hat downstream patch + +sigaction.2 +makecontext.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Change getcontext/setcontext page ref to Section 3 + +signal.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas] + Clarify System V vs BSD semantics for signal() + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + The list on this page is not just syscalls common to all platforms + Michael Kerrisk + Add perfctr(2) + Add ppc_rtas(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel version number of utrap_install(2) + +unimplemented.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] + Remove mention of kernel version number in DESCRIPTION + +inet.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] + Fix error in EXAMPLE using inet_aton() + See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=837090 + Patch taken from Red Hat downstream. + +posix_fallocate.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add fallocate(1) + +regex.3 + Reuben Thomas + Clarify details of matching + The first is that it's far from clear that the end points of the + complete string match are stored in the zero'th element of the + regmatch_t array; secondly, the phrase "next largest substring + match" is positively misleading, implying some sort of size + ordering, whereas in fact they are ordered according to their + appearance in the regex pattern. + +scanf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify meaning of "string conversions" for 'm' modifier + Mike Frysinger + Update %a vs %m documentation + POSIX.1-2008 adopted the 'm' flag for dynamic allocation. Update + page to cover it and relegate the glibc-specific 'a' flag to + NOTES. + +strtol.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] + Replace some bogus text about "thousands separator" + See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=652870 + +sysconf.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] + Use "_SC_PAGESIZE" consistently on page + s/_SC_PAGE_SIZE/_SC_PAGESIZE/ in one instance. + From Red Hat downstream patch. + +nscd.conf.5 + Peter Schiffer + Add max-db-size and auto-propagate descriptions, default values, + misc + * added missing valid services (services and netgroup) + * added many default values for options + * reordered options according to the nscd.conf file + (logical order) + * added 2 missing options: max-db-size and auto-propagate + +nsswitch.conf.5 + Peter Schiffer + Mention initgroups db + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/profile + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] + Update /proc/sys/fs/file-nr to include Linux 2.6 details + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify relationship between file-max and file-nr + The third value in /proc/sys/fs/file-nr is the same as + the value in /proc/sys/fs/file-max. + Michael Kerrisk + Note message written to kernel log when file-max limit is hit + Info from Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt. + Michael Kerrisk + Mention lscpu(1) under discussion of /proc/cpuinfo + +resolv.conf.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] + Document "single-request-reopen" option + Taken from Red Hat downstream patch + + See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=717770 + See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/3161 + +utmp.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add utmpdump(1) + +cpuset.7 + Simon Paillard + Add missing 'cpuset.' prefix for some flags + See kernel commit e21a05cb408bb9f244f11a0813d4b355dad0822e + +svipc.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ipcmk(1), ipcrm(1), ipcs(1) + +termio.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add reset(1), setterm(1), stty(1), tty(4) + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] + LD_VERBOSE does not work with ld.so --list and --verify + From Red Hat downstream patch + + See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=532629 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sln(8) + +zdump.8 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] + Bring up to date with zdump --help + Patch taken from Red Hat downstream. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.48 ==================== + +Released: 2013-03-05, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org> +Aristeu Rozanski <aris@ruivo.org> +Colin Walters <walters@verbum.org> +Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz> +Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> +Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +D. Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com> +Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com> +Flavio Leitner <fbl@redhat.com> +Graham Gower <graham.gower@gmail.com> +Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com> +Kai Kunschke <kai@kunfoo.org> +Marcela Maslanova <mmaslano@redhat.com> +Marc Lehmann <debian-reportbug@plan9.de> +Marshel Abraham <Marshel.Abraham@in.bosch.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Nathan Stratton Treadway <kernelbugs@nathanst.com> +Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> +Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com> +Simon Heimberg <simohe@besonet.ch> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Török Edwin <edwintorok@gmail.com> +Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> +Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +getunwind.2 + Marcela Maslanova + New page documenting getunwind(2) + Taken from Red Hat downstream man pages set + Michael Kerrisk + Much rewriting + Some text taken from arch/ia64/kernel/unwind.c. + +perfmonctl.2 + Ivana Varekova + New page documenting IA-64-specific perfmonctl(2) + Taken from Red Hat downstream man pages + Michael Kerrisk + Rework discussion of PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT + Add VERSIONS and CONFORMING TO + Note that there is no glibc wrapper + Remove PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS, PFM_DELETE_EVTSETS, PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS + These don't exist, and it appears they never have. + Fix argument types for PFM_WRITE_PMCS, PFM_WRITE_PMDS, PFM_READ_PMDS + The types that were being used don't exist! + Briefly document PFM_GET_FEATURES, PFM_DEBUG, PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL + +gai.conf.5 + Ulrich Drepper + New page documenting gai.conf + Taken from Red Hat downstream pages + +nss.5 + Ulrich Drepper + New page describing nss.conf + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +clock_getres.2 + Cyril Hrubis + Document CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE and CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE + Cyril Hrubis + Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME + Michael Kerrisk + Some improvements to CLOCK_BOOTTIME description + +ptrace.2 + Denys Vlasenko + Document PTRACE_GETREGSET, PTRACE_SETREGSET, PTRACE_SEIZE, and friends + Document PTRACE_GETREGSET, PTRACE_SETREGSET, + PTRACE_SEIZE, PTRACE_INTERRUPT, and PTRACE_LISTEN. + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +fattach.2 +fdetach.2 +getmsg.2 +isastream.2 +putmsg.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] + New link to unimplemented.2 + Taken from Red Hat downstream. + + See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=436407 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Many pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SH headings + +Many pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings + +Many pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: use consistent capitalization in .SS headings + Capitalization in .SS sections across pages (and sometimes even + within a single page) is wildly inconsistent. Make it consistent. + Capitalize first word in heading, but otherwise use lower case, + except where English usage (e.g., proper nouns) or programming + language requirements (e.g., identifier names) dictate otherwise. + +Many pages + Michael Kerrisk [Denys Vlasenko] + Remove double blank lines in output + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Fix order of SH sections + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +accept.2 + Michael Kerrisk + NAME: Add "accept4" + +access.2 + Colin Walters + Note that access() may also fail for FUSE + Since in some cases (e.g. libguestfs's guestmount) it also has the + semantics where files can appear owned by root, but are actually + mutable by the user, despite what one might infer from the Unix + permissions. + +getpeername.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Kai Kunschke] + Clarify semantics of getpeername() for datagram sockets + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=674034 + +getuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove duplicate section heading + +mmap.2 + Cyril Hrubis + Add note about partial page in BUGS section + This adds a note about Linux behavior with partial page at the end + of the object. The problem here is that a page that contains only + part of a file (because the file size is not multiple of PAGE_SIZE) + stays in page cache even after the mapping is unmapped and the file + is closed. So if some process dirties such page, other mappings + will see the changes rather than zeroes. + Michael Kerrisk [Török Edwin] + Some 'flags' values require a feature test macro to be defined + Add text to NOTES noting that some MAP_* constants are + defined only if a suitable feature test macro is defined. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=542601 + Cyril Hrubis + Document EOVERFLOW error + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify list of file creation flags + POSIX.1-2008 TC1 clarified this, so that O_CLOEXEC, + O_DIRECTORY, and O_NOFOLLOW are also in this list. + +prctl.2 + Cyrill Gorcunov + Add some details for PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS + +read.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Zack Weinberg] + Clarify interaction of count==0 and error checking + POSIX deliberately leaves this case open, so the man + page should be less specific about what happens. + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=533232 + Michael Kerrisk [Marc Lehmann] + Remove crufty text about O_NONBLOCK on files + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=700529 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify details for seekable files + +unimplemented.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] + Add various STREAMS interfaces to NAME + Taken from Red Hat downstream. + + See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=436407 + +cexp2.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Still does not exist in glibc 2.17 + +exit.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that a call to execve() clears exit handler registrations + +getaddrinfo.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add gai.conf(5) + +malloc_trim.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove duplicate section title + +printf.3 + Marshel Abraham [Graham Gower, Graham Gower] + Fix error handling in example code + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=23282 + +pthread_yield.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Aristeu Rozanski] + Add _GNU_SOURCE feature test macro to SYNOPSIS + +resolver.3 +resolv.conf.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Nathan Stratton Treadway, Simon Heimberg] + RES_DEBUG is only available if glibc is compiled with debug support + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=692136 + and https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=43061 + +strtol.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] + Remove crufty text from previous fix + +core.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document CONFIG_COREDUMP + +capabilities.7 + Andrey Vagin + Nonexistent bits are no longer shown as set in /proc/PID/status Cap* + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk + A monitoring process can't easily distinguish events triggered by itself + +ip.7 + Flavio Leitner [Peter Schiffer] + Improve explanation about calling listen() or connect() + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe rules for capitalization in .SS headings + +rtnetlink.7 + Pavel Emelyanov + Add info about ability to create links with given index + Since kernel v3.7 the RTM_NEWLINK message now accepts nonzero + values in ifi_index field. Mention this fact in the respective + rtnetlink.7 section. + +socket.7 + Pavel Emelyanov + SO_BINDTODEVICE is now readable + SO_BINDTODEVICE is readable since kernel 3.8. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.49 ==================== + +Released: 2013-03-10, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> + + +Global changes +-------------- + +The goal of the changes below to consistently format copyright +and license information in the comments in the page source +at the top of each page. This allows for easy scripting to +extract that information. Following these changes the comments +the top of the page source should now consistently have the form: + + .\" <copyright info, possibly spread over several lines> + .\" + .\" %%%LICENSE_START(<license-type>) + .\" <license text> + .\" %%%LICENSE_END + .\" <other comments> + +Note that the 'license-type' is merely descriptive. Its purpose is +to simplify scripting for the purpose of gathering statistics on +types of licenses used in man-pages. It is NOT a statement about +the actual licensing of the page; that license is contain INSIDE the +LICENSE_START...LICENSE_END clause. + +All pages + Michael Kerrisk + Add a LICENSE_START()...LICENSE_END clause in source at + top of each page that encapsulates the license text. + Michael Kerrisk + Put copyright info at top of page, followed by blank line and LICENSE + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Update info in source comments on where to get a copy of the GPL + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Remove "Hey Emacs" comment in page source + Only certain pages have this; there is no consistency, so + remove it from all pages + Michael Kerrisk + Remove "-*- nroff -*-" comment at top of source + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.50 ==================== + +Released: 2013-03-15, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org> +Bernhard Kuemel <bernhard@bksys.at> +Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com> +Erik Saule <erik.saule@bmi.osu.edu> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de> +Friedrich Delgado Friedrichs <friedel@nomaden.org> +Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> +Jose Luis Domingo Lopez <debian@24x7linux.com> +Mark R Bannister <mark@proseconsulting.co.uk> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +canonicalize_file_name.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite page, adding much more detail + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/END_LICENSE/LICENSE_END/ + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/bitmask/bit mask/ + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +getent.1 + Mark R Bannister + netgroup description incorrectly refers to initgroups + +capget.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update URL for libcap + +fork.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Port access permission bits (ioperm()) are turned off in the child + +futex.2 + Michael Kerrisk + 'timeout' is a minimum duration that the call will wait, not a maximum + +ioperm.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that iopl() level of 3 is needed to access ports + Michael Kerrisk + 'num' is *bits* not bytes! + Michael Kerrisk + Linux 2.6.8 lifted the port limit to 65,536 + See http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/202624/ + From: Stas Sergeev <stsp <at> aknet.ru> + Subject: [patch][rfc] Larger IO bitmap + Date: 2004-05-07 19:55:03 GMT + Michael Kerrisk + ioperm() operates on the calling *thread* (not process) + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify meaning of 'turn_on' argument + Plus form formatting fixes. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that default state of permission bits in child is off + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: add mention of /proc/ioports + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add outb(2) + +iopl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + CAP_SYS_RAWIO is required to *raise* the I/O privilege level + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that the two least significant bits of 'level' are what matter + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add outb(2) + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add version information for all (other) syscalls + Michael Kerrisk + Add perfmonctl(2) + +futimes.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jonathan Nieder] + ERRORS: Add ENOSYS for lutimes() + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=620746 + +getpass.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Erik Saule] + Suggest use of the ECHO flag as an alternative + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=644261 + +realpath.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document GNU extensions for EACCES and ENOENT errors + +stdarg.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Friedrich Delgado Friedrichs] + Describe va_copy() + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=575077 + +termios.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Bernhard Kuemel] + Mention that noncanonical mode does not do input processing + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=643854 + +random.4 + Elie De Brauwer + Document write and document the ioctl interface of /dev/random + The update consists out of two parts: + - a minor thing which just documents what happens if a write to + /dev/(u)random is performed, which is used in the example + script but not explicitly mentioned. + - the other (biggest) part is the documentation of the ioctl() + interface which /dev/(u)random exposes. This ioctl() lives in + drivers/char/random.c and the primitives can be found in + include/linux/random.h + + One comment remains, there used to be an RNDGETPOOL ioctl() which + disappeared in v2.6.9. I found two patches on the net: + - http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/akpm/patches/2.6/2.6.8.1/2.6.8.1-mm4/broken-out/dev-random-remove-rndgetpool-ioctl.patch + - https://lkml.org/lkml/2004/3/25/168 + + But as far as I can tell the first one got applied but the 2nd + one seems more correct. The result is that even today one can + still find traces of the RNDGETPOOL ioctl() in the header files. + Is this there for historical reasons or because it might break + userspace, even though using it will just give an EINVAL. + +bootparam.7 + Jose Luis Domingo Lopez + Document 'rootfstype' option + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=182014 + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add various pieces under CAP_SYS_RAWIO + Info obtained by grepping the kernel source. + Michael Kerrisk + Add CAP_SYS_RESOURCE /proc/PID/oom_score_adj case + +netlink.7 + Andrey Vagin + Add a note about broadcast messages to multiple groups + +socket.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] + Define _GNU_SOURCE to obtain the definition of 'struct ucred' + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=572210 + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.51 ==================== + +Released: 2013-04-17, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andreas Jaeger <aj@suse.de> +Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net> +Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net> +Changhee Han <ch0.han@lge.com> +Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz> +Damien Grassart <damien@grassart.com> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com> +Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> +Krzysztof Konopko <krzysztof.konopko@gmail.com> +Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca> +Mark H Weaver <mhw@netris.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Nicolas Hillegeer <nicolas@hillegeer.com> +Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> +Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com> +Radek Pazdera <rpazdera@redhat.com> +Ralph Loader <suckfish@ihug.co.nz> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +The Wanderer <wanderer@fastmail.fm> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +sched_rr_get_interval.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rr_timeslice_ms + +proc.5 + Pavel Emelyanov + Document /proc/[pid]/map_files directory + This directory was added in Linux v3.3 and provides info about + files being mmap-ed in a way very similar to how /proc/[pid]/fd + works. + + v2: Added examples of how links look like and noted dependency + on kernel config option CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE. + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/kernel/shm_rmid_forced + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/kernel/cap_last_cap + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: fix placement of word "only" + +Various pages + Simon Paillard + License headers: consistent format + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/since kernel/since Linux/ + +Various System V IPC pages in Section 2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add "System V" to .TH line and text + Make it clear that these pages relate to System V IPC, + not POSIX IPC. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +access.2 + Michael Kerrisk [The Wanderer] + Clarify RETURN VALUE for F_OK + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=705293 + +alarm.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Correct the description of behavior when 'seconds' is 0 + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] + Add prototype for syscall to SYNOPSIS + And further clarify the distinction between the system call + and the wrapper function in the introductory text. + Michael Kerrisk + Update feature test macro requirements + The requirements quietly changed in glibc 2.14 + + See also http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749 + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] + Clarify differences between clone2() syscall and wrapper function + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] + Note those architectures where the sys_clone argument order differs + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] + Add short subsection noting that blackfin, m68k, and sparc are different + Michael Kerrisk + Move clone2() text to subsection in description + The description of ia64 clone2() should follow the discussion + of the raw system call interface. + Michael Kerrisk + Change subhead for ia64 discussion + +getcpu.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Recommend that 'tcache' should be specified as NULL nowadays + +io_cancel.2 + Jeff Moyer, Michael Kerrisk [Cyril Hrubis] + Improve description + +io_destroy.2 + Jeff Moyer + Improve description + The description was rather vague, citing a "list of I/O contexts" + and stating that it "can" cancel outstanding requests. This + update makes things more concrete so that the reader knows exactly + what's going on. + +io_getevents.2 + Jeff Moyer + The 'timeout' argument is not updated + I looked back through the kernel code, and the timeout was + never updated in any case. I've submitted a patch upstream + to change the comment above io_getevents. + +io_setup.2 + Jeff Moyer + Clarify nr_events + nr_events is technically the number of completion events that can + be stored in the completion ring. The wording of the man page: + "capable of receiving at least nr_events" seems dubious to me, + only because I worry that folks might interpret that to mean + 'nr_events' total, instead of 'nr_events' concurrently. + + Further, I've added information on where to find the per-user + limit on 'nr_events', /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr. Let me know if + you think that is not relevant. + +listxattr.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Explain use of 'size' argument + +lseek.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Jaeger] + _GNU_SOURCE must be defined to get SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE definitions + See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=15312 + +mmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add pointers to relevant /proc files described in proc(5) + +posix_fadvise.2 +pread.2 +readahead.2 +sync_file_range.2 +truncate.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to syscall(2) for ABI semantics on certain 32-bit architectures + Also: in sync_file_range.2 and posix_fadvise.2 remove description + of conventional calling signature as flawed, and in + posix_fadvise.2, de-emphasize focus on ARM, and rather phrase + as a more general discussion of certain architectures. + +readdir.2 + Michael Kerrisk + readdir(2) doesn't exist on x86-64 + +semop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify the discussion of 'semadj' + +shmctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to proc(5) for description of /proc/sys/kernel/shm_rmid_forced + +syscall.2 + Changhee Han + Add notes that caution users when passing arguments to syscall() + For example, passing 'long long' on ARM-32 requires special + treatment. + Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk] + Document the exact calling convention for architecture system calls + Mike Frysinger [Kyle McMartin] + Add PA-RISC details under calling conventions + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] + Refine discussion of ARM and other ABIs + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update kernel version number at start of list + +umask.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add acl(5) + +unshare.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update feature test macro requirements + The requirements quietly changed in glibc 2.14 + + See also http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749 + +fopencookie.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Ralph Loader] + Correct definition of cookie_io_functions_t + +pthread_setname_np.3 + Andrew Clayton + The thread argument is passed in by value + +readir.3 +seekdir.3 +telldir.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Eliminate the implication that these functions deal with "offsets" + The directory position dealt with by the readdir() and + friends is not a simple file offset in modern file systems. + Typically, it is some kind of cookie value. Add text and + make other changes to these pages to eliminate the + implication that this is an offset, and warn the reader + that directory positions should be treated strictly as + opaque values. + + In the process, rename the 'offset' argument of seekdir(3) + to 'loc', and add some text to readdir(3) to note that + the 'd_off' field is the same value returned by telldir(3) + at the current directory position. + + See also https://lwn.net/Articles/544298/ + +scalb.3 + Mark H Weaver + Fix prototypes for scalbf() and scalbl() + +sched_getcpu.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Update feature test macro requirements + The requirements quietly changed in glibc 2.14 + + See also http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749 + +ualarm.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Hillegeer] + Add note on the behavior when 'usecs' is zero + POSIX.1-2001 does not specify the behavior in this case + and no other system that I checked documented the behavior. + Probably, most or all systems do what Linux does in this + case: cancel any pending alarm, just as alarm(0) does. + Add that info in NOTES. + +elf.5 + Mike Frysinger + Add byte positions for all EI_xxx fields + When describing e_ident, most of the EI_xxx defines mention the + exact byte number. This is useful when manually hacking an ELF + with a hex editor. However, the last few fields don't do this, + which means you have to count things up yourself. + Add a single word to each so you don't have to do that. + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to sched_rr_get_interval(2) for info on sched_rr_timeslice_ms + Since Linux 3.9, /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rr_timeslice_ms can + be used to change the SCHED_RR quantum. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add sysctl(8) + Krzysztof Konopko + Simplify the example of printing out environ + The binutils package contains a very handy utility to + print out null-byte delimited strings from a file. This + can replace a rather complex expression with cat(1) + provided as an example for printing out /proc/[pid]/environ. + Michael Kerrisk + Update /proc/PID/maps example + Update to 64-bit example that includes "[heap]", "[stack], + and "[vdso]" + Michael Kerrisk + Formatting fixes for /proc/PID/maps + Mike Frysinger + Document the "pathname" field of /proc/PID/maps + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to capabilities(7) for /proc/sys/kernel/cap_last_cap + Michael Kerrisk + /proc/PID/maps: add a reference to mmap(2) + +ip.7 + Radek Pazdera + Document IP_MULTICAST_ALL + This commit adds documentation for the IP_MULTICAST_ALL socket + option. + + The option was added to the Linux kernel in 2.6.31: + + Author Nivedita Singhvi <niv@us.ibm.com> + Commit f771bef98004d9d141b085d987a77d06669d4f4f + + The description is based on a previous one [3] posted by the + original author of the code -- Nivedita, but it is slightly + re-worded. + + I tested it myself and it works as described. + + References: + [1] http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/net/ipv4/ip_sockglue.c#L972 + [2] http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/net/ipv4/igmp.c#L2267 + [3] http://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/28902/ + +units.7 + Brian M. Carlson + units should use an actual µ + The units(7) man page uses an ASCII u in place of the actual Greek + letter mu. Since we're in the twenty-first century, with + UTF-8-compatible terminals and terminal emulators, we should use + the actual letter µ instead of an ASCII approximation. + + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=704787 + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.52 ==================== + +Released: 2013-07-04, Christchurch + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org> +Andrea Remondini <andrea@undeadlinks.com> +Anthony Foiani <anthony.foiani@gmail.com> +Brian Norris <computersforpeace@gmail.com> +Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz> +Dan Jacobson <jidanni@jidanni.org> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com> +Georg Sauthoff <mail@georg.so> +Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> +Jérémie Galarneau <jeremie.galarneau@efficios.com> +Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Manuel Traut <manut@linutronix.de> +Марк Коренберг <socketpair@gmail.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Peter LaDow <petela@gocougs.wsu.edu> +Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz> +Regid <regid23@nt1.in> +Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@redhat.com> +Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver + Add PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP documentation + The perf_event_open() ENABLE/DISABLE/RESET ioctls can take an + argument, PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP. This wasn't documented at all + until about a year ago (despite the support being there from + the beginning) so I missed this when initially writing + the man page. + +socket.7 + Pavel Emelyanov, Michael Kerrisk + Document SO_PEEK_OFF option + Since Linux 3.4 there appeared an ability to specify the + offset in bytes from which the data will be MSG_PEEK-ed. + Describe this socket option in the socket(7) page, where + all the other socket options are described. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Convert inline formatting (\fX...\fP) to dot-directive formatting + +readdir.2 +asprintf. +getline.3 +getlogin.3 +pthread_setname_np.3 +readdir.3 +strerror.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] + Clarify that terminating null byte is '\0' + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +execve.2 + Peter LaDow + Add envp to the Linux notes about NULL pointers + During the review of static analysis results, we discovered a + functional, but non-portable, use of execve(). For example: + + char *cmd[] = { "/path/to/some/file", NULL }; + execve(cmd[0], cmd, NULL); + + The call succeeds. Yet, the static analysis tool (rightly) + pointed out that envp could be dereferenced. But digging into + glibc and the kernel, it appears that like argv, envp when NULL + is treated as if it were an empty list. + + So, to clear things up, I'm submitting this patch to update the + man page to indicate that envp is treated like argv. + +fallocate.2 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +io_setup.2 + Cyril Hrubis [Jeff Moyer] + Clarify the nr_events parameter + Currently the io_setup.2 man page describes what the kernel really + does, i.e., that the resulting context may be able to hold more + than the 'nr_event's operations because the memory allocated in + kernel is rounded to be multiple of page size. + + It is better not to expose this implementation detail and + simply state that the resulting context is suitable for + 'nr_events' operations. + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver + Clarify the perf_event_open() wakeup_events/wakeup_watermark fields + Clarify the perf_event_open() wakeup_events/wakeup_watermark + fields a bit, based on info from kernel commit cfeb1d90a1b1. + Vince Weaver + Update to match the Linux 3.10 release + This patch updates the perf_event_open() documentation to include + new interfaces added in the 3.10 kernel. + + It also documents a few [To be documented] instances left over + from the 3.7 kernel. + Vince Weaver + Small correction to description of 'flags' argument + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note equivalents of PR_SET_NAME + pthread_setname_np() and pthread_getname_np() and + /proc/self/task/TID/comm provide access to the same + attribute. + +pread.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Марк Коренберг] + pread() and pwrite() are especially useful in multithreaded applications + +recv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +semctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] + 'sem_nsems' is 'unsigned long' since Linux 2.4 + +shmget.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite RETURN VALUE and mention that 'errno' is set on error + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Brian Norris] + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +signal.2 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +sigpending.2 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +sigprocmask.2 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +sigsuspend.2 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +syscall.2 + Mike Frysinger + Document s390/s390x calling convention + +a64l.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + The function l64a() is not thread safe. + +abs.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions abs(), labs(), llabs() and imaxabs() are + thread-safe. + +aio_error.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function aio_error() is thread safe. + +aio_return.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function aio_return() is thread safe. + +alloca.3 + Adrian Bunk + Correct information on getting non-inlined version with gcc+glibc + - remove the incorrect information that -fno-builtin would help + - add -std=c11 to the list of strict options + - emphasize more that both the gcc option and not including + alloca.h are needed + - add the #ifdef from the glibc alloca.h to make the situation + clearer + +bindresvport.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + Before glibc 2.17, bindresvport() is not thread-safe. + Since glibc 2.17, it is thread-safe, the patch can refer to URL: + http://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commit;h=f6da27e53695ad1cc0e2a9490358decbbfdff5e5 + +canonicalize_file_name.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Put CONFORMING TO section in right location + +catgets.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] + Clarify that null byte is '\0' + +ceil.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions ceil(), ceilf() and ceill() are thread safe. + +cimag.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions cimag(), cimagf() and cimagl() are thread safe. + +clock_getcpuclockid.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function clock_getcpuclockid() is thread safe. + +conj.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions conj(), conjf() and conjl() are thread safe. + +crypt.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + The function crypt() is not thread safe. + +ctermid.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function ctermid() is thread safe with exceptions. + +dirfd.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +drand48.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + The functions drand48(), erand48(), lrand48(), nrand48(), + mrand48(), jrand48(), srand48(), seed48() and lcong48() are + not thread safe. + +ecvt.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + The functions ecvt() and fcvt() return a string located in a + static buffer which is overwritten by the next call to the + functions, so they are not thread-safe. + +encrypt.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + The functions encrypt() and setkey() are not thread safe. + +ether_aton.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + The functions ether_aton() and ether_ntoa() are not thread safe. + +fcloseall.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + The function fcloseall() is not thread safe. + +ferror.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions ferror(), clearerr(), feof() and fileno() are + thread safe. + +fgetgrent.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +fgetpwent.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +fgetwc.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +fmtmsg.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + Before glibc 2.16, fmtmsg() is not thread-safe. + Since glibc 2.16, it is thread-safe, the patch can refer to URL: + http://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commit;h=7724defcf8873116fe4efab256596861eef21a94 + +fputwc.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +getdate.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are and aren't thread-safe + +getgrent.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + The function getgrent() is not thread safe. + +getgrnam.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are and aren't thread-safe + +getline.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +getlogin.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + The function getlogin() is not thread safe. + The function cuserid() is thread-safe with exceptions. + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +getpass.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + +getpwent.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + The function getpwent() is not thread safe. + +getpwnam.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are and aren't thread-safe + +getspnam.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +getttyent.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + +getusershell.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + The functions getusershell(), setusershell() and endusershell() + are not thread safe. + +getutent.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +hsearch.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +hsearch.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + The functions hsearch(), hcreate() and hdestroy() are not + thread-safe. + +localeconv.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + The function localeconv() returns a pointer to a structure which + might be overwritten by subsequent calls to localeconv() or by + calls to setlocale(), so it is not thread-safe. + Peng Haitao + Add RETURN VALUE section + +malloc_info.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +mblen.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + The function mblen() is not thread safe. + +mbrlen.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function mbrlen() is thread safe with exceptions. + +mbrtowc.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function mbrtowc() is thread safe with exceptions. + +mktemp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +modf.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions modf(), modff() and modfl() are thread safe. + +popen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note the scheduling attributes affected by this function + +pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 +pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3 +pthread_attr_setscope.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Manuel Traut, Siddhesh Poyarekar] + The inherit-scheduler attribute must be set to PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED + In order for the attributes set by these functions to have + an effect, the caller must use pthread_attr_setinheritsched(3) + to set the inherit-scheduler attribute of the attributes object + to PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED. + +ptsname.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + The function ptsname() is not thread safe. + +putenv.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +putpwent.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +qecvt.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + The functions qecvt() and qfcvt() are not thread-safe. + +random.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + Michael Kerrisk + Add EINVAL error for setstate() + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: initstate() does not return NULL on error + http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=15380 + +random_r.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +readdir.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + The data returned by readdir() may be overwritten by subsequent + calls to readdir() for the same directory stream, so it is not + thread-safe. + +re_comp.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + The functions re_comp() and re_exec() are not thread safe. + +rexec.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + The functions rexec() and rexec_af() are not thread safe. + +round.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions round(), roundf() and roundl() are thread safe. + +scalbln.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions scalbn(), scalbnf(), scalbnl(), scalbln(), + scalblnf() and scalblnl() are thread safe. + +scandir.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +siginterrupt.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +signbit.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note macro that is thread-safe + The macro signbit() is thread safe. + +sigsetops.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +stdio_ext.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + The functions __fbufsize(), __fpending(), __fpurge() and + __fsetlocking() are not thread safe. + +strdup.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +strerror.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + The function strerror() is not thread safe. + +strftime.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify details of return value + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: 'errno' is not set if the result string would exceed 'max' bytes + +strtok.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + The function strtok() is not thread safe. + Michael Kerrisk [Georg Sauthoff] + Add more detail on the operation of strtok() + Add a number of missing details on the operation of strtok() + +tempnam.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +timegm.3 + Jérémie Galarneau + copy the string returned by getenv() + The example of a portable version of timegm() uses the string + returned by getenv() after calling setenv() on the same + environment variable. The tz string may be invalid as per + getenv.3: + + "The string pointed to by the return value of getenv() + may be statically allocated, and can be modified by a + subsequent call to getenv(), putenv(3), setenv(3), or + unsetenv(3)." + +tmpnam.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function tmpnam() is thread safe with exceptions. + +trunc.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions trunc(), truncf() and truncl() are thread safe. + +ttyname.3 + Michael Kerrisk + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are and aren't thread-safe + +ttyslot.3 + Michael Kerrisk + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + +usleep.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +wcsdup.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error + +core.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Implicitly adding the PID to a core filename was dropped in 2.6.27 + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/[pid]/fd/ anon_inode symlinks + Mike Frysinger + Document /proc/[pid]/fd/ symlinks a bit more + Describe the type:[inode] syntax used in this dir + +bootparam.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Dan Jacobson] + Remove outdated text on LILO and LoadLin + Strike the discussion of LILO and LoadLin, which + are long obsolete, and make a brief mention of GRUB. + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=604019 + Regid + Remove mention of the deprecated rdev(8) + The deprecated rdev(8) command was removed from util-linux in 2010. + See https://git.kernel.org/?p=utils/util-linux/util-linux.git;a=commit;h=a3e40c14651fccf18e7954f081e601389baefe3fO + Andrea Remondini + Document the 'resume' boot parameter + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] + Clarify that null byte is '\0' + +iso_8859-2.7 + Eric S. Raymond + Remove incorrect reference to nonexistent groff glyph \[shc] + The reference incorrectly attempted to duplicate an + actual soft hyphen (hex 0xad) just before it in the file. + +man-pages.7 + Peng Haitao + Add description of "ATTRIBUTES" + "ATTRIBUTES" section can mention thread safety, + cancellation safety, and async-cancel-safety. + +socket.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'optval' for socket options is an 'int' in most cases + +tcp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'optval' for socket options is an 'int' in most cases + +udp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'optval' for socket options is an 'int' in most cases + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.53 ==================== + +Released: 2013-07-31, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk> +Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org> +Benjamin Poirier <bpoirier@suse.de> +Chris Heath <chris@heathens.co.nz> +Chuck Coffing <clc@alum.mit.edu> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> +Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org> +Felix Schulte <Felix_Schulte@McAfee.com> +Graud <graud@gmx.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +restart_syscall.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for restart_syscall(2) system call + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +fchownat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document AT_EMPTY_PATH + +fstatat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document AT_EMPTY_PATH + +linkat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document AT_EMPTY_PATH + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Al Viro] + Document O_PATH + See also https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=885740 + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clock_nanosleep.2 +futex.2 +nanosleep.2 +poll.2 +sigaction.2 +sigreturn.2 +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add restart_syscall(2) + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Geoffrey Thomas] + Remove warning that O_DIRECTORY is only for use with opendir(3) + O_DIRECTORY can also be used with, for example, O_PATH. + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver + Improve PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK documentation + Vince Weaver + Fix indentation of the MMAP layout section + The indentation of the MMAP layout section wasn't quite right. + I think this improves things but I admit I'm not an expert at the + low-level indentation directives. + Vince Weaver + Update PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP info + It turns out PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP was broken from 75f937f24bd9 + (in Linux 2.6.31, the initial perf_event release) until + 724b6daa1 (Linux 3.4). + + I've done some extensive kernel source code digging plus + running tests of various kernels and I hope the info + presented is accurate now. + + (Patch edited somewhat by mtk.) + Vince Weaver + Improve sysfs files documentation + This improves the documentation of the various + perf_event_open()-related sysfs files. + +ptrace.2 + Denys Vlasenko [Oleg Nesterov, Dmitry V. Levin] + If SEIZE was used, initial auto-attach stop is EVENT_STOP + For every PTRACE_O_TRACEfoo option, mention that old-style SIGSTOP + is replaced by PTRACE_EVENT_STOP if PTRACE_SEIZE attach was used. + + Mention the same thing again in the description of + PTRACE_EVENT_STOP. + Denys Vlasenko [Oleg Nesterov, Dmitry V. Levin] + Mention that PTRACE_PEEK* libc API and kernel API are different + Denys Vlasenko [Oleg Nesterov, Dmitry V. Levin] + Clarify PTRACE_INTERRUPT, PTRACE_LISTEN, and group-stop behavior + +readlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document use of empty 'pathname' argument + Michael Kerrisk + Change error check in example program from "< 0" to "== -1" + Chuck Coffing + Fix possible race condition in readlink.2 example + I noticed that the example in the readlink.2 man pages does error + checking for a race condition that would cause the value of the + symbolic link to get larger. However, it doesn't handle the + opposite case, in which the value gets shorter. (The NULL + terminator is always set at the old, longer offset.) This could + cause the program to operate on uninitialized data. + +setpgid.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Graud] + s/SIGTSTP/SIGTTIN/ when discussing reads from terminal + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60504 + +clog2.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that these functions are still not present in glibc 2.17 + +dirfd.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function dirfd() is thread safe. + +div.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions div(), ldiv(), lldiv() and imaxdiv() are thread + safe. + +fabs.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions fabs(), fabsf() and fabsl() are thread safe. + +fdim.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions fdim(), fdimf() and fdiml() are thread safe. + +fflush.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function fflush() is thread safe. + +finite.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions finite(), finitef(), finitel(), isinf(), isinff(), + isinfl(), isnan(), isnanf() and isnanl() are thread safe. + +flockfile.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions flockfile(), ftrylockfile() and funlockfile() are + thread safe. + +floor.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions floor(), floorf() and floorl() are thread safe. + +resolv.conf.5 + Simon Paillard + Explain how to set empty domain + See http://bugs.debian.org/463575 + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add open_by_handle_at(2) under CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Felix Schulte] + Clarify description of IN_MOVED_FROM and IN_MOVED_TO + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + DESCRIPTION should note versions for new interface features or behavior + +udp.7 + Benjamin Poirier + Add missing #include directive + Using the UDP_CORK socket option documented in udp.7 requires + including <netinet/udp.h>. + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework rpath token expansion text + Michael Kerrisk + Describe $PLATFORM rpath token + Michael Kerrisk + Describe $LIB rpath token + Michael Kerrisk + Document LD_BIND_NOT + Michael Kerrisk [Simon Paillard] + Add reference to pthreads(7) in discussion of LD_ASSUME_KERNEL + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.54 ==================== + +Released: 2013-09-17, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +A. Costa <agcosta@gis.net> +Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@gmail.com> +Andreas Wiese <aw-lkml@instandbesetzt.net> +Andrew Hunter <andrewhhunter@gmail.com> +Chen Gang <gang.chen@asianux.com> +Christopher Hall <chall0@gmail.com> +Christos Tsopokis <christos@tsopokis.gr> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +D. Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com> +Doug Goldstein <cardoe@cardoe.com> +Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com> +Eugen Dedu <Eugen.Dedu@pu-pm.univ-fcomte.fr> +Felix Janda <felix.janda@posteo.de> +G.raud <graud@gmx.com> +Hannes Landeholm <hannes@jumpstarter.io> +J. Bruce Fields <bfields@fieldses.org> +J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com> +Johan Erlandsson <jeoerl@gmail.com> +Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Magnus Reftel <magnus.reftel@gmail.com> +Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com> +Robert Harris <robert.harris@fixnetix.com> +Rodrigo Campos <rodrigo@sdfg.com.ar> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Stas <stas.grumbler@gmail.com> +Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> +Will Newton <will.newton@linaro.org> +Zdenek Pavlas <zpavlas@redhat.com> +Zsbán Ambrus <ambrus@math.bme.hu> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +ioctl_list.2 + Zsbán Ambrus + Document FAT_IOCTL_GET_ATTRIBUTES + The attached patch adds four ioctls from linux/msdos_fs.h to the + ioctl_list(2) manpage. + + The ioctl FAT_IOCTL_GET_ATTRIBUTES reads FAT attributes of a + file a mounted vfat file system. I tested this on Linux + 2.6.33, an example script can be found at + http://www.perlmonks.com/?node_id=832623 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/ + Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c, + "filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages + outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources, + so let's go with that. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +access.2 + J. Bruce Fields + Fix outdated NFS information + Note that NFS versions since version 3 support an "access" call + so that the client doesn't have to guess permissions or ID + mapping on its own. + + (See RFC 1813 sections 1.7 and 3.3.4.) + +adjtimex.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add adjtimex(8) + +clock_getres.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Rodrigo Campos] + Note circumstances in which "SMP" note applies. + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel version for CLOCK_*_CPUTIME_ID + CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID + appeared in 2.6.12. + Michael Kerrisk + Add VERSIONS section + +futex.2 + Michael Kerrisk + The 'timeout' can be rounded upwards by clock granularity and also overrun + +kill.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Small improvements to text on historical rules for permissions + +nfsservctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note commands that were only in Linux 2.4.x and earlier + +open.2 + Robert Harris + Add mmap(2) to list of calls that fail when given an O_PATH descriptor + Doug Goldstein + Add EINVAL to errors list + EINVAL can be returned by open(2) when the underlying filesystem + doesn't support O_DIRECT. It is documented in the NOTES section + but this patch adds it to the list of possible errors. + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver + PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK updates + This started out as just adding the new perf_event_open features + from Linux 3.11 (which was the addition of transactional memory + defines for PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK samples) but turned into a + general cleanup of the PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK documentation. + + The main clarification is that at least one of the non-privilege + values must be set or else perf_event_open() will return an EINVAL + error. + Michael Kerrisk + Reorder text describing fields of 'perf_event_header' structure + Place the fields with the shorter descriptions first, to make the + information easier to read. + +poll.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify wording of 'timeout' as a "minimum" interval + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Christos Tsopokis] + Clarify that these system calls affect a per-thread attribute + +sched_setparam.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that this system call applies to threads (not processes) + +sched_setscheduler.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that this system call applies to threads (not processes) + +select.2 + Michael Kerrisk [G.raud] + Clarify wording of 'timeout' as a "minimum" interval + +setfsgid.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Oleg Nesterov] + Clarify description of return value + More clearly describe the weirdness in the return value of this + system call, and note the problems it creates in BUGS + Michael Kerrisk + Correct header file in SYNOPSIS + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to setfsuid(2) for an explanation of why setfsgid() is obsolete + Michael Kerrisk + Wording improvements + +setfsuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Oleg Nesterov] + Clarify description of return value + More clearly describe the weirdness in the return value of this + system call, and note the problems it creates in BUGS + Michael Kerrisk [Chen Gang] + Clarify historical details and note that setfsuid() is obsolete + Michael Kerrisk + Wording improvements + Michael Kerrisk + Correct header file in SYNOPSIS + +sigwaitinfo.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify wording of 'timeout' as a "minimum" interval + +syscall.2 + Johan Erlandsson + Add missing argument in example + Johan Erlandsson + Correct registers for arm/EABI + Registers was off by one. + + Reference: + http://www.arm.linux.org.uk/developer/patches/viewpatch.php?id=3105/4 + + See also: + http://peterdn.com/post/e28098Hello-World!e28099-in-ARM-assembly.aspx + https://wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calling_convention#ARM + +wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Hannes Landeholm] + Add details on the fifth argument provided by raw waitid() system call + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60744 + +clock.3 + Michael Kerrisk + clock() switched from using times(2) to clock_gettime() in glibc 2.18 + +drand48_r.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions drand48_r(), erand48_r(), lrand48_r(), + nrand48_r(), mrand48_r(), jrand48_r(), srand48_r(), seed48_r(), + and lcong48_r() are thread safe. + +fma.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions fma(), fmaf() and fmal() are thread safe. + +fmax.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions fmax(), fmaxf() and fmaxl() are thread safe. + +fmin.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions fmin(), fminf() and fminl() are thread safe. + +fpclassify.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions fpclassify(), isfinite(), isnormal(), isnan(), and + isinf() are thread safe. + +frexp.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions frexp(), frexpf() and frexpl() are thread safe. + +gethostbyname.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] + gai_strerror() is the modern replacement for herror() and hstrerror() + Michael Kerrisk + Update feature test macro requirements for herror() and hstrerror() + Michael Kerrisk + Add feature test macro requirements for h_errno + +ilogb.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions ilogb(), ilogbf() and ilogbl() are thread safe. + +ldexp.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions ldexp(), ldexpf() and ldexpl() are thread safe. + +lrint.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions lrint(), lrintf(), lrintl(), llrint(), llrintf(), + and llrintl() are thread safe. + +lround.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions lround(), lroundf(), lroundl(), llround(), + llroundf() and llroundl() are thread safe. + +lseek64.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function lseek64() is thread safe. + +mbsinit.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function mbsinit() is thread safe. + +nextafter.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions nextafter(), nextafterf(), nextafterl(), + nexttoward(), nexttowardf() and nexttowardl() are thread safe. + +posix_memalign.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Will Newton] + 'errno" is indeterminate after a call to posix_memalign() + Michael Kerrisk [Will Newton] + Clarify wording on "return value" when size==0 + +printf.3 + Christopher Hall + Correctly describe the meaning of a negative precision + The printf(3) manpage says that a negative precision is taken to + be zero, whereas printf(3p) says that a negative precision is + taken as if the precision were omitted. glibc agrees with the + latter (POSIX) specification. + + Test code: + + printf("%f\n",42.0); // "42.000000" + printf("%.*f\n",0,42.0); // "42" + printf("%.*f\n",-1,42.0); // "42.000000" + + This patch corrects the explanation to match what actually happens. + +rewinddir.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function rewinddir() is thread safe. + +rint.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions nearbyint(), nearbyintf(), nearbyintl(), rint(), + rintf() and rintl() are thread safe. + +seekdir.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function seekdir() is thread safe. + +telldir.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function telldir() is thread safe. + +wctomb.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + The function wctomb() is not thread safe. + +wavelan.4 + Michael Kerrisk [Elie De Brauwer] + This driver disappeared in 2.56.35 + +dir_colors.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Stas] + Add various synonyms + See http://bugs.debian.org/553477 + Simon Paillard [Stas] + Add keywords SUID, SGID, STICKY, STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE, OTHER_WRITABLE + See http://bugs.debian.org/553477 + See ls.c and dircolors.c in coreutils + +proc.5 + Peter Schiffer + Document /proc/[pid]/io file + Attempt to document fields in the /proc/[pid]/io file, based on + the Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt. The text will probably + need some grammar corrections. + Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen] + /proc/sys/fs/inode-max went away in Linux 2.4 + Also, the 'preshrink' field in /proc/sys/fs/inode-state became + a dummy value in Linux 2.4. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60836 + Michael Kerrisk [A. Costa] + Note block size used by /proc/partitions + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=666972 + Michael Kerrisk + Add rationale on drop_caches and note that it can hurt performance + See also http://lwn.net/Articles/562211/ + +bootparam.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Eugen Dedu] + Remove "lilo" entries from SEE ALSO + See http://bugs.debian.org/604019 + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add inotifywait(1) and inotifywatch(1) + +ip.7 + Simon Paillard + IP_MULTICAST_IF setsockopt recognizes struct mreq (compatibility) + Kernel added compatibility only recently in + 3a084ddb4bf299a6e898a9a07c89f3917f0713f7 + See: http://bugs.debian.org/607979 + +standards.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add mention of SUSv4-TC1 (POSIX.1-2013) + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.55 ==================== + +Released: 2013-12-12, Christchurch + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alfred Agrell <alfred@agrell.info> +Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@it.uu.se> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> +David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +Fabrice Bauzac <libnoon@gmail.com> +Greg Price <price@mit.edu> +Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org> +KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> +Liu Jiaming <storypku@gmail.com> +Maxin B. John <maxin.john@enea.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Paolo Bonzini <bonzini@gnu.org> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca> +Rodrigo Campos <rodrigo@sdfg.com.ar> +Shawn Landden <shawn@churchofgit.com> +Trevor Bramwell <trevor@bramwell.net> +Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> +Yang Yang <yangyang.gnu@gmail.com> +Yuanhang Zheng <zhengyhn@gmail.com> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> +janh <a0vhv@t-online.de> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +assert.3 +assert_perror.3 +rexec.3 +rpc.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] + Reword a sentence to use more gender-neutral language + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk + 'arg...' for interpreter scripts starts with argv[1] + +fallocate.2 + Christoph Hellwig + Clarify the zeroing behavior + fallocate() zeroes only space that did not previously contain + data, but leaves existing data untouched. + +futex.2 + Rodrigo Campos + Fix link to Rusty's futex example library + When I asked to webmaster@kernel.org, Konstantin Ryabitsev + answered that the ".nl." is "an obsolete scheme and really + should be changed to just ftp.kernel.org". + +getgroups.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that NGROUPS_MAX is defined in <limits.h> + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX) is a run-time technique + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/kernel/ngroups_max + +ioctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro, David Gibson] + 'request' argument is typed as 'unsigned long' in glibc + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42705 + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver + Linux 3.12 rdpmc/mmap + It turns out that the perf_event mmap page rdpmc/time setting was + broken, dating back to the introduction of the feature. Due + to a mistake with a bitfield, two different values mapped to + the same feature bit. + + A new somewhat backwards compatible interface was introduced + in Linux 3.12. A much longer report on the issue can be found + here: + https://lwn.net/Articles/567894/ + Vince Weaver + Linux 3.12 adds PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER + A new PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER sample type was added in Linux 3.12. + Vince Weaver + E2BIG documentation + The following documents the E2BIG error return for + perf_event_open(). + + I actually ran into this error the hard way and it took me + half a day to figure out why my ->size value was changing. + Vince Weaver + Linux 3.12 adds PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID + A new perf_event related ioctl, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID, was added + in Linux 3.12. + Vince Weaver + PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY support + Support for the PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY event type was added in + Linux 3.12. + Vince Weaver [Andreas Sandberg] + PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD update + The PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD ioctl was broken until 2.6.36, + and it turns out that the ARM architecture has some + differing behavior too. + +pipe.2 + Trevor Bramwell + Fix error in example program + +poll.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Paolo Bonzini] + Clarify meaning of events==0 + events==0 does not mean that revents is always returned as + zero. The "output only" events (POLLHUP, POLLERR, POLLNVAL) + can still be returned. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=61911 + +readlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Yuanhang Zheng] + Fix typo in error message in example program + +recv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove out-of-date statement that UNIX domain does not support MSG_TRUNC + Should have removed that sentence as part of + commit a25601b48b822eb1882ae336574b8d062a17e564 + +sched_get_priority_max.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add SCHED_IDLE to discussion + +send.2 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: these calls return number of bytes (not characters) sent + +setreuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Small clarification to description of when saved set-user-ID is set + +sigpending.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note treatment of signals that are blocked *and* ignored + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note filesystem support for nanosecond timestamps + Add some detail on which native filesystems do and don't + support nanosecond timestamps. + Michael Kerrisk + Cosmetic reworking of timestamp discussion in NOTES + Michael Kerrisk [Yang Yang] + Update discussion of nanosecond timestamps + The existing text describes the timestamp fields as 'time_t' + and delegates discussion of nanosecond timestamps under NOTES. + Nanosecond timestamps have been around for a while now, + and are in POSIX.1-2008, so reverse the orientation of the + discussion, putting the nanosecond fields into DESCRIPTION + and detailing the historical situation under NOTES. + +symlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Further fine tuning of argument names + Follow-up to f2ae6dde0c68448bec986d12fe32268a2c98bfd9 + See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16073 + Michael Kerrisk [Fabrice Bauzac] + Give arguments of symlink() more meaningful names + +adjtime.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function adjtime() is thread safe. + +alloca.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function alloca() is thread safe. + +asinh.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions asinh(), asinhf() and asinhl() are thread safe. + +atan.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions atan(), atanf() and atanl() are thread safe. + +atof.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function atof() is thread safe with exceptions. + +atoi.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions + The functions atoi(), atol() and atoll() are thread safe with + exceptions. + +bcmp.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function bcmp() is thread safe. + +bcopy.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function bcopy() is thread safe. + +bsd_signal.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function bsd_signal() is thread safe. + +bzero.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function bzero() is thread safe. + +cbrt.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions cbrt(), cbrtf() and cbrtl() are thread safe. + +copysign.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions copysign(), copysignf() and copysignl() are thread + safe. + +cos.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions cos(), cosf() and cosl() are thread safe. + +cproj.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions cproj(), cprojf() and cprojl() are thread safe. + +creal.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions creal(), crealf() and creall() are thread safe. + +daemon.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function daemon() is thread safe. + +des_crypt.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions ecb_crypt(), cbc_crypt() and des_setparity() are + thread safe. + +difftime.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function difftime() is thread safe. + +dysize.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function dysize() is thread safe. + +erf.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions erf(), erff() and erfl() are thread safe. + +erfc.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions erfc(), erfcf() and erfcl() are thread safe. + +euidaccess.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions euidaccess() and eaccess() are thread safe. + +expm1.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions expm1(), expm1f() and expm1l() are thread safe. + +fexecve.3 + Michael Kerrisk + POSIX.1-2008 specifies fexecve() + Michael Kerrisk + Explain the use and rationale of fexecve() + +ftime.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function ftime() is thread safe. + +ftok.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function ftok() is thread safe. + +ftw.3 + Michael Kerrisk + nftw() visits directories with FTW_D if FTW_DEPTH was not specified + Michael Kerrisk + Explain probable cause of FTW_NS + +futimes.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions futimes() and lutimes() are thread safe. + +getaddrinfo.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Explain one use case for AI_ADDRCONFIG + Michael Kerrisk + Highlight difference in ai_flags when hints==NULL + NOTES already described how glibc differs from POSIX. + Add a pointer to that text from the point in DESCRIPTION + where hints==NULL is discussed. + +kcmp.3 + Shawn Landden + Reword slightly awkward section + +malloc.3 + Greg Price + Scale back promises of alignment + It's not true that the return value is suitably aligned for "any + variable"; for example, it's unsuitable for a variable like + float *x __attribute__ ((__vector_size__ (32))); + which requires 32-byte alignment. Types like this are defined in + <avxintrin.h>, and with 16-byte alignment in <emmintrin.h> and + <xmmintrin.h>, so the application programmer need not even know + that a vector_size attribute has been applied. + + On an x86 architecture, a program that loads from or stores to a + pointer with this type derived from malloc can crash because GCC + generates an aligned load/store, like MOVDQA. + + The C99 standard (TC3, as of N1256) does say the return value is + suitably aligned for "any type of object". The C11 standard (as + of N1570) revises this to any type with "fundamental alignment", + which means an alignment "supported by the implementation in all + contexts", which I suppose tautologically includes aligning + malloc/realloc return values. + + The actual behavior of current glibc malloc is to align to the + greater of 2 * sizeof(size_t) and __alignof__ (long double), + which may be one bit greater than this commit promises. + +mq_receive.3 + Michael Kerrisk [janh] + msg_len must be greater than *or equal to* mq_msgsize + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=64571 + +setenv.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that setenv() returns success in the overwrite==0 case + +sigsetops.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Robert P. J. Day] + Add 'const' to sigisemptyset(), sigorset(), sigandset() declarations + Michael Kerrisk + Rework text describing sigisemptyset(), sigorset(), and sigandset() + +statvfs.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions statvfs() and fstatvfs() are thread safe. + +stdarg.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe + The macros va_start(), va_arg(), va_end() and va_copy() are + thread safe. + +termios.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions tcgetattr(), tcsetattr(), tcsendbreak(), + tcdrain(), tcflush(), tcflow(), cfmakeraw(), cfgetispeed(), + cfgetospeed(), cfsetispeed(), cfsetospeed() and cfsetspeed() + are thread safe. + +ungetwc.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function ungetwc() is thread safe. + +unlockpt.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function unlockpt() is thread safe. + +usleep.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function usleep() is thread safe. + +wcpcpy.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wcpcpy() is thread safe. + +wcscasecmp.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function wcscasecmp() is thread safe with exceptions. + +wcscat.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wcscat() is thread safe. + +wcschr.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wcschr() is thread safe. + +wcscmp.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wcscmp() is thread safe. + +wcscpy.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wcscpy() is thread safe. + +wcscspn.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wcscspn() is thread safe. + +wcslen.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wcslen() is thread safe. + +wcsncasecmp.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function wcsncasecmp() is thread safe with exceptions. + +wcsncat.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wcsncat() is thread safe. + +wcsncmp.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wcsncmp() is thread safe. + +wcsncpy.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wcsncpy() is thread safe. + +wcsnlen.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wcsnlen() is thread safe. + +wcspbrk.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wcspbrk() is thread safe. + +wcsrchr.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wcsrchr() is thread safe. + +wcsspn.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wcsspn() is thread safe. + +wcsstr.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wcsstr() is thread safe. + +wcstoimax.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions + The functions wcstoimax() and wcstoumax() are thread safe with + exceptions. + +wcstok.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wcstok() is thread safe. + +wcswidth.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function wcswidth() is thread safe with exceptions. + +wctrans.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function wctrans() is thread safe with exceptions. + +wctype.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function wctype() is thread safe with exceptions. + +wcwidth.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function wcwidth() is thread safe with exceptions. + +wmemchr.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wmemchr() is thread safe. + +wmemcmp.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wmemcmp() is thread safe. + +wmemcpy.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wmemcpy() is thread safe. + +wmemmove.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wmemmove() is thread safe. + +wmemset.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wmemset() is thread safe. + +tty_ioctl.4 + Michael Kerrisk [Liu Jiaming] + Note that 'arg' should be 0 in the usual case when using TIOCSCTTY + Michael Kerrisk + Rework text on root to discuss just in terms of capabilities + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/kernel/ngroups_max + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix 2 version numbers under "Effect of user ID changes on capabilities" + +feature_test_macros.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add _ISOC11_SOURCE to example program + +tcp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix (nontrivial) wordo in discussion of MSG_TRUNC + s/MSG_PEEK/MSG_TRUNC/ + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk [Alfred Agrell] + Fix crufty wording in one sentence + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.56 ==================== + +Released: 2014-01-11, Christchurch + +In memory of Doris Church (1939-2013) + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andre Majorel <aym-xunil@teaser.fr> +Arif Zaman <arifz@lums.edu.pk> +Bert Wesarg <bert.wesarg@googlemail.com> +Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> +David Malcolm <dmalcolm@redhat.com> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +Dongsheng Song <dongsheng.song@gmail.com> +Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com> +James Smith <james@theta.pw> +Janne Blomqvist <blomqvist.janne@gmail.com> +Joseph S. Myers <joseph@codesourcery.com> +Luke Hutchison <luke.hutch@mit.edu> +Marco Dione <mdione@grulic.org.ar> +Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> +Mathieu Malaterre <malat@debian.org> +Matthias Klose <doko@debian.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Moritz 'Morty' Strübe <morty@gmx.net> +Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il> +Ondřej Bílka <neleai@seznam.cz> +Prádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Raphael Geissert <geissert@debian.org> +Shawn Landden <shawn@churchofgit.com> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Stephen Kell <srk31@srcf.ucam.org> +Sudhanshu Goswami <Sudhanshu.Goswami@emc.com> +Sworddragon2 <sworddragon2@aol.com> +Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> +Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +fgetc.3 +gets.3 + David Malcolm + Split gets(3) to isolate unsafe gets(3) to a page on its own + Currently man3/gets.3 documents various safe I/O functions, along + with the toxic "gets" function. + + At the risk of being melodramatic, this strikes me as akin to + storing rat poison in a food cabinet, in the same style of + packaging as the food, but with a post-it note on it saying + "see warnings below". + + I think such "never use this" functions should be quarantined + into their own manpages, rather than listing them alongside + sane functions. + + The attached patch does this for "gets", moving the documentation + of the good functions from man3/gets.3 into man3/fgetc.3, + updating the SO links in the relevant functions to point at the + latter. + + It then rewrites man3/gets.3 to spell out that "gets" is toxic + and should never be used (with a link to CWE-242 for good + measure). + Michael Kerrisk [Andre Majorel] + Tweaks to David Malcolm's patch + +vdso.7 + Mike Frysinger + New page documenting the vDSO mapped into each process by the kernel + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +reboot.2 + Elie De Brauwer + Document LINUX_REBOOT_SW_SUSPEND + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +fgets.3 +getc.3 +getchar.3 +ungetc.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Adjust links to gets(3) to point to fgetc(3) + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global fix of "NULL pointer" + Change "NULL pointer" to "NULL" or null pointer". + POSIX uses the term "null pointer", not "NULL pointer". + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Stylistic changes to code example + For ease of reading, don't embed assignments inside if(). + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Replace uses of "i.e.," in main text with "that is" or similar + Usual man-pages style is to use "i.e." only within + parenthetical expressions. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Replace uses of "e.g." in main text with "for example" or similar + Usual man-pages style is to use "e.g." only within + parenthetical expressions. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Add "Program source" subheading under EXAMPLE + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Add "static" to global variables and functions in example program + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clock_getres.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El] + Improve description of CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=67291 + +close.2 + Michael Kerrisk [P?draig Brady] + Note that errors from close() should be used only for diagnosis + In particular, retrying after EINTR is a bad idea. + + See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=529 + + See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lib.glibc.alpha/37702 + Subject: [RFC][BZ #14627] Make linux close errno to EINPROGRESS + when interrupted in signal. + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Marco Dione] + Add further cases to EFAULT error + See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16402 + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver [Sudhanshu Goswami] + Clarify issues with the disabled bit + Clarify the perf_event_open behavior with respect to the disabled + bit and creating event groups. + Vince Weaver [Sudhanshu Goswami] + Clarify issues with the exclusive bit + Warn that using the perf_event_open "exclusive" bit, while + it might seem like a good idea, might lead to all 0 results + in some common usage cases. + +reboot.2 + Elie De Brauwer + Mention RB_POWER_OFF + The manpage did not mention RB_POWER_OFF which is the glibc + symbolic name for LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF. + + $ cd /usr/include + $ cat x86_64-linux-gnu/sys/reboot.h | grep POWER_OFF + define RB_POWER_OFF 0x4321fedc + Elie De Brauwer + Add "Linux" to kernel version numbers + Michael Kerrisk + Add RB_SW_SUSPEND synonym + Michael Kerrisk + Add RB_KEXEC synonym + +setpgid.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers] + BSD getpgrp() and setpgrp() go away in glibc 2.19 + +socket.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Dongsheng Song] + Remove crufty statement that AF_INET does not support SOCK_SEQPACKET + Linux AF_INET supports SOCK_SEQPACKET via SCTP. + +syscall.2 + Mike Frysinger + Fix ia64 registers + The original list of registers was created by confusing strace + source code--this is for parsing legacy 32-bit code (which is + dead and no one cares). Update the list to reflect native ia64 + syscall interface. + +syscall.2 +syscalls.2 +getauxval.3 + Mike Frysinger + Add references to new vdso(7) page + +utimensat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Small wording improvement for times!=NULL case + +dlopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] + Update remarks on cast needed when assigning dlsym() return value + POSIX.1-2013 eases life when casting the dlsym() return value to a + function pointer + Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Kell] + Fix description of dli_sname + See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16262 + +getline.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Luke Hutchison] + Correct description of how '*n' is used when '*lineptr' == NULL + See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5468 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove SEE ALSO reference to unsafe gets(3) + +mcheck.3 + Simon Paillard [Raphael Geissert] + typo in compiler flag + See http://bugs.debian.org/732464 + +mkstemp.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Janne Blomqvist] + Better describe 'flags' that can be specified for mkostemp() + +printf.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Arif Zaman] + Fix memory leak in snprintf() example + See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19933479/snprintf-man-page-example-memory-leak + +pthread_kill.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Mathieu Desnoyers] + POSIX.1-2008 removes ESRCH + POSIX.1-2001 mistakenly documented an ESRCH error, and + POSIX.1-2008 removes this error. Glibc does return + this error in cases where it can determine that a thread ID + is invalid, but equally, the use of an invalid thread ID + can cause a segmentation fault. + +puts.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: replace reference to gets(3) with fgets(3) + +scanf.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Ondřej Bílka] + Improve discussion of obsolete 'a' dynamic allocation modifier + +setjmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers] + BSD setjmp() semantics go away in glibc 2.19 + +sigpause.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers] + BSD sigpause() goes away in glibc 2.19 + Michael Kerrisk + Correct feature text macro requirements + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function sigpause() is thread safe. + +sigqueue.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function sigqueue() is thread safe. + +sigwait.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function sigwait() is thread safe. + +sin.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions sin(), sinf() and sinl() are thread safe. + +sincos.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions sincos(), sincosf() and sincosl() are thread safe. + +string.3 + Moritz 'Morty' Strübe + Add short description of the functions + It is helpful to have a short description about what the different + functions in string.h do. + Michael Kerrisk + Fixes and enhancements to Moritz Strübe's patch + +strptime.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Mathieu Malaterre, Simon Paillard] + Add number ranges to comments in 'tm' structure + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=729570 + Michael Kerrisk + Point to ctime(3) for more details on 'tm' structure + Michael Kerrisk + Some rewording and reorganization + +strsep.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify description + The use of "symbols" in the existing description is confusing; + it's "bytes". Other fixes as well. + +strspn.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Mathieu Malaterre] + Improve description in NAME + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=723659 + +strstr.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify RETURN VALUE: s/substring/located substring/ + +sysv_signal.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function sysv_signal() is thread safe. + +tan.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions tan(), tanf() and tanl() are thread safe. + +tanh.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions tanh(), tanhf() and tanhl() are thread safe. + +toascii.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function toascii() is thread safe. + +toupper.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions + The functions toupper() and tolower() are thread safe with + exceptions. + +towctrans.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function towctrans() is thread safe. + +towlower.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function towlower() is thread safe with exceptions. + +towupper.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function towupper() is thread safe with exceptions. + +ualarm.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function ualarm() is thread safe. + +wcpncpy.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function wcpncpy() is thread safe. + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Sworddragon2] + Fix formula for CommitLimit under /proc/meminfo + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60991 + +credentials.7 + Michael Kerrisk + List APIs that operate on process groups + Michael Kerrisk + Add details on controlling terminal and foreground/background jobs + +feature_test_macros.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document _DEFAULT_SOURCE + Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers] + From glibc 2.19, _BSD_SOURCE no longer causes __FAVOR_BSD + Starting with glibc 2.19, _BSD_SOURCE no longer causes BSD + definitions to be favored in cases where standards conflict. + +libc.7 + Mike Frysinger + SEE ALSO: add various entries + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] + Add STYLE GUIDE section + Incorporate some of the existing material in the page + into the STYLE GUIDE, and add a lot more material, mainly + drawn from the "Global changes" sections in the release + changelogs. + Michael Kerrisk + Add historical note on reason for use of American spelling + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] + Various improvements to style guide + +packet.7 + Willem de Bruijn [Daniel Borkmann] + Document fanout, ring, and auxiliary options + This patch adds descriptions of the common packet socket options + PACKET_AUXDATA, PACKET_FANOUT, PACKET_RX_RING, PACKET_STATISTICS, + PACKET_TX_RING + and the ring-specific options + PACKET_LOSS, PACKET_RESERVE, PACKET_TIMESTAMP, PACKET_VERSION + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel version numbers for PACKET_VERSION and PACKET_TIMESTAMP + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk [Matthias Klose] + Default output file for D_DEBUG is stderr not stdout + See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6874 + + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.57 ==================== + +Released: 2014-01-24, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> +Andre Majorel <aym-xunil@teaser.fr> +Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org> +Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> +Axel Beckert <abe@debian.org> +Bernhard Walle <bernhard@bwalle.de> +Brandon Edens <bedens@fitbit.com> +Eliezer Tamir <eliezer.tamir@linux.intel.com> +Gioele Barabucci <gioele@svario.it> +Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk> +Jerry Chu <hkchu@google.com> +Jonas Jonsson <jonas@websystem.se> +Marc Lehmann <debian-reportbug@plan9.de> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> +Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Thomas Posch <man-pages@online.posch.name> +Tilman Schmidt <tilman@imap.cc> +Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> +Марк Коренберг <socketpair@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +msgop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document MSG_COPY + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk, Andy Lutomirski + Document O_TMPFILE + O_TMPFILE is new in Linux 3.11 + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver [Andi Kleen] + PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION support in Linux 3.13 + The following patch adds descriptions of the new perf_event_open.2 + PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION sample type as added in Linux 3.13. + + The descriptions are based on information provided by Andi Kleen, + both in the e-mail + + [PATCH 1/6] perf, core: Add generic transaction flags v5 + + sent to the linux-kernel list as well as an e-mail + + [PATCH] Document transaction flags in perf_event_open manpage + + sent to the linux-man list. + + The implementation is based heavily on the Intel Haswell + processor. Documentation can be found at this page: + http://software.intel.com/en-us/blogs/2013/05/03/intelr-transactional-synchronization-extensions-intelr-tsx-profiling-with-linux-0 + as well as in section 18.11.5.1 of volume 3 of the + Intel 64 and IA-32 Architecture Software Developer's Manual. + +ptrace.2 + Andrey Vagin + Add description for PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO + Retrieve signals without removing them from a queue. + Andrey Vagin + Add description for PTRACE_GETSIGMASK and PTRACE_SETSIGMASK + These two commands allow to examine and change mask of blocked + signals. + +socket.7 + Eliezer Tamir + Add description for SO_BUSY_POLL + Add description for the SO_BUSY_POLL socket option. + +tcp.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Jerry Chu] + Document TCP_USER_TIMEOUT + Text slightly adapted from Jerry Chu's (excellent) commit + message (commit dca43c75e7e545694a9dd6288553f55c53e2a3a3). + Michael Kerrisk + Document TCP_CONGESTION + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Reword to avoid use of "etc." + +Various pages + Peng Haitao [Andre Majorel] + Make wording around thread-safety and setlocale() more precise + +getdate.3 +strptime.3 +locale.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Replace "weekday" with less ambiguous language + Notwithstanding POSIX's use of the term "weekday", in everyday + English, "weekday" is commonly understood to mean a day in the + set [Monday..Friday] (vs one of the "weekend" days). + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +epoll_wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jonas Jonsson] + Clarify wording of EINTR error + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=66571 + +faccessat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that the system call takes only three arguments + +fallocate.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note filesystems that support FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE operation + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: The O_SYNC and O_DSYNC flags are not modifiable using F_SETFL + Michael Kerrisk + Add subsections under BUGS + There's several bugs listed. It's helpful to mark + them separately. + Michael Kerrisk + POSIX.1 specifies F_SETOWN and F_GETOWN for sockets/SIGURG + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Марк Коренберг] + Note that rlim_cur can be set lower than current resource consumption + +getsockopt.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ip(7) and udp(7) + +keyctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: mention Documentation/security/keys.txt + +linkat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add ENOENT for O_TMPFILE created with O_EXCL + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: Add EINVAL + +lseek.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note which filesystems support SEEK_HOLE/SEEK_DATA + +msgop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that MSG_EXCEPT is Linux-specific + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update CONFORMING TO + Add POSIX.1-2008. Add mention of O_TMPFILE. + Update text on various flags that were added in POSIX.1-2008, and + whose definitions can, since glibc 2.12, be obtained by suitably + defining _POSIX_C_SOURCE or _XOPEN_SOURCE + Michael Kerrisk + Add pointer in description to BUGS, for O_ASYNC limitation + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty duplicate text on modifying file status flags + +ptrace.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add details to descriptions of PTRACE_GETSIGMASK and PTRACE_SETSIGMASK + +select.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Marc Lehmann] + RETURN VALUE: Fix discussion of treatment of file descriptor sets + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=574370 + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove madvise1() from main list + madvise1() is one of the system calls that was never + implemented, and listed toward the bottom of the page. + +timer_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add pointer to proc(5) for info on /proc/[pid]/timers + +unlinkat.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger:] + ERRORS: Add EISDIR + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=29702 + +ferror.3 + Michael Kerrisk + clearerr(), feof(), and ferror() are also POSIX-conformant + Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas] + CONFORMING TO: add fileno() + +gets.3 + Ian Abbott + SEE ALSO: add fgets(3) + +mq_receive.3 +mq_send.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] + SYNOPSIS: s/unsigned/unsigned int/ + +printf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Small reorganization of text in EXAMPLE + +rand.3 + Michael Kerrisk + s/unsigned/unsigned int/ in example + +stpcpy.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function stpcpy() is thread safe. + +stpncpy.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function stpncpy() is thread safe. + +strcat.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions strcat() and strncat() are thread safe. + +strchr.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions strchr(), strrchr() and strchrnul() are thread safe. + +strcmp.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions strcmp() and strncmp() are thread safe. + +strftime.3 + Brandon Edens + Change "week day" to "day of week" + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=68861 + +strstr.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function strstr() is thread safe. + The function strcasestr() is thread safe with exceptions. + +strtod.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions + The functions strtod(), strtof() and strtold() are thread safe + with exceptions. + +strtoimax.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions + The functions strtoimax() and strtoumax() are thread safe with + exceptions. + +strtol.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions + The functions strtol(), strtoll() and strtoq() are thread safe + with exceptions. + +tcgetpgrp.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions tcgetpgrp() and tcsetpgrp() are thread safe. + +tcgetsid.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function tcgetsid() is thread safe. + +core.5 + Bernhard Walle + Mention that %E exists since Linux 3.0 + '%E' in the 'core_pattern' has been introduced in kernel commit + 57cc083ad9e1bfeeb4a0ee831e7bb008c8865bf0 which was included in + version 3.0. Add that information to the manual page. + +filesystems.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Axel Beckert] + Add reference to proc(5) for more details on /proc/filesystems + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=735590 + +locale.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add locale(7) + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/[pid]/timers + Michael Kerrisk + Update discussion of wchan + Remove crufty reference to /etc/psdatabase in /proc/PID/stat. + Add /proc/PID/wchan. + + See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/737452 + +environ.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Gioele Barabucci] + Correct reference to locale(7) (not locale(5)) + locale(7) is the right place for details of the LC_* + environment variables. + + See http://bugs.debian.org/638186 + Michael Kerrisk + Improve references for discussion of locale environment variables + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add catopen(3) + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add locale(5) + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Prefer "usable" over "useable" + +netdevice.7 + Tilman Schmidt + Document SIOCGIFCONF case ifc_req==NULL + Add the missing description of the possibility to call SIOCGIFCONF + with ifc_req==NULL to determine the needed buffer size, as + described in + http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0110.1/0506.html + and verified against source files net/core/dev_ioctl.c and + net/ipv4/devinet.c in the current kernel git tree. + This functionality has been present since the beginning of the 2.6 + series. It's about time it gets documented. + + While I'm at it, also generally clarify the section on + SIOCGIFCONF. + +standards.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Enhance description of V7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add C11 + +tcp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe format of tcp_*_congestion_control /proc files + Describe format of tcp_allowed_congestion_control and + tcp_available_congestion_control. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.58 ==================== + +Released: 2014-02-11, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz> +Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +Fabrice Bauzac <libnoon@gmail.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Network Nut <sillystack@gmail.com> +Ola Olsson <ola1olsson@gmail.com> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com> +Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> +Марк Коренберг <socketpair@gmail.com> +未卷起的浪 <ayjj_8109@qq.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +pipe.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document the pipe2() O_DIRECT flag added in Linux 3.4 + +packet.7 + Daniel Borkmann + Document PACKET_QDISC_BYPASS + New in Linux 3.14. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Simon Paillard + Formatting fix: add space between function and () if BR or IR + Detected through the regex: + git grep -P '^\.(BR|IR) [\w]*\([\d]*\)$' + +Various pages + Simon Paillard + Formatting fix: add space between word and punctuation if BR or IR + Detected through the regex: + git grep -P '^\.(BR|IR) [^ ]*[,\.]$' + + Could probably be extended to match more cases and fix in perl. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Use Oxford comma + +gettid.2 +restart_syscall.2 +passwd.5 +socket.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix order of SEE ALSO entries + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +epoll_wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Network Nut] + Remove word "minimum" from the description of 'timeout' + +epoll_wait.2 +poll.2 +select.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Go into more detail on timeout and when call will cease blocking + +getxattr.2 +listxattr.2 +removexattr.2 +setxattr.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Fabrice Bauzac] + Correct header file is <sys/xattr.h> (not <xattr/xattr.h>) + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=70141 + +msgctl.2 + Cyril Hrubis + Add note about ignored arg to IPC_RMID + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Марк Коренберг] + PR_SET_PDEATHSIG value is preserved across execve(2) + +recv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework and reorganize the text in various parts of the page. + Isolate details specific to recv() vs recvfrom() vs recvmsg() + Place details specific to each system call under a + separate subheading. + Rework discussion of 'src_addr' and 'addrlen' for recvfrom() + Add description of 'buf' and 'len' in recvfrom() section + 'addrlen' should be 0 (*not* NULL) when 'src_addr' is NULL + Improve text describing recvfrom() call that is equivalent to recv() + Michael Kerrisk [未卷起的浪] + Describe the various cases where the return value can be 0 + +shmctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'buf' is ignored for IPC_RMID + +symlinkat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Make argument names consistent with symlink(2) page + +isalpha.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions isalnum(), isalpha(), isascii(), isblank(), + iscntrl(), isdigit(), isgraph(), islower(), isprint(), + ispunct(), isspace(), isupper() and isxdigit() are thread safe. + +isatty.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function isatty() is thread safe. + +isgreater.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe + The macros isgreater(), isgreaterequal(), isless(), + islessequal(), islessgreater() and isunordered() are thread safe. + +iswalnum.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function iswalnum() is thread safe with exceptions. + +iswalpha.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function iswalpha() is thread safe with exceptions. + +iswblank.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function iswblank() is thread safe with exceptions. + +iswcntrl.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function iswcntrl() is thread safe with exceptions. + +lockf.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] + Fix incorrect argument mentioned under EINVAL error + +pthread_kill.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add feature test macro requirements + +pthread_sigmask.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add feature test macro requirements + +strtoul.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions + The functions strtoul(), strtoull() and strtouq() are thread safe + with exceptions. + +nscd.conf.5 + Peter Schiffer + Add note about default values + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add some further kernel Documentation/sysctl files + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + ATTRIBUTES sections come after VERSIONS + Peng Haitao has consistently ordered the ATTRIBUTES after + VERSIONS, so adjust the text in man-pages.7 + +vdso.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add words "virtual dynamic shared object" in DESCRIPTION + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.59 ==================== + +Released: 2014-02-16, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com> +Weizhou Pan <cs.wzpan@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Peter Schiffer, Michael Kerrisk [Weizhou Pan] + Convert pages containing non-ASCII in source code comments to use UTF-8 + Done using a slightly modified version of Peter Schiffer's + convert_to_utf_8.sh script. The script was modified so as *not* + a "coding:" marker to the groff source. For now, we'll only put + that marker on pages that contain non-ASCII characters in the + rendered text. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60807 + +armscii-8.7 +cp1251.7 +iso_8859-1.7 +iso_8859-10.7 +iso_8859-11.7 +iso_8859-13.7 +iso_8859-14.7 +iso_8859-15.7 +iso_8859-16.7 +iso_8859-2.7 +iso_8859-3.7 +iso_8859-4.7 +iso_8859-5.7 +iso_8859-6.7 +iso_8859-7.7 +iso_8859-8.7 +iso_8859-9.7 +koi8-r.7 +koi8-u.7 + Peter Schiffer, Michael Kerrisk [Weizhou Pan] + Convert pages containing non-ASCII to use UTF-8 + Done using Peter Schiffer's convert_to_utf_8.sh script. + These pages containing non-ASCII in the rendered characters, and + so the script inserts a "coding:" marker into the groff source. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60807 + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.60 ==================== + +Released: 2014-02-18, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +D. Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com> +Kalle Olavi Niemitalo <kon@iki.fi> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- +sigvec.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Kalle Olavi Niemitalo] + Fix error in code snippet + s/sigpause/sigmask/ + +armscii-8.7 +cp1251.7 +iso_8859-1.7 +iso_8859-10.7 +iso_8859-11.7 +iso_8859-13.7 +iso_8859-14.7 +iso_8859-15.7 +iso_8859-16.7 +iso_8859-2.7 +iso_8859-3.7 +iso_8859-4.7 +iso_8859-5.7 +iso_8859-6.7 +iso_8859-7.7 +iso_8859-8.7 +iso_8859-9.7 +koi8-u.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Simon Paillard] + Remove comment that glyphs in column 4 may not display correctly + With the conversion to UTF-8, the glyphs in column 4 of the + tables in these pages will display regardless of whether the + environment is configured for the corresponding character set. + +iso_8859-11.7 +iso_8859-13.7 + D. Barbier [Simon Paillard] + Fix encoding mistakes in 5f7f4042b8848127d852c6fa7c02e31ccfaeeae5 + Fixed via: + + for f in iso_8859-11 iso_8859-13; do + cp man7/$f.7 $f + iconv -f utf8 -t latin1 $f | iconv -f iso-${f#iso_} -t utf8 > man7/$f.7 + done + + + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.61 ==================== + +Released: 2014-02-26, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andrew Hunter <ahh@google.com> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> +Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> +Duncan de Wet <duncandewet@gmail.com> +Kir Kolyshkin <kir@openvz.org> +KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Sulaiman Mustafa <seininn@hush.com> +Xiawei Chen <chenxiawei@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +A note from Christoph Hellwig prompted me to perform a task that has +been queued for a while: merging the text of the man pages for the +*at([23]) ("directory file descriptor") APIs into their corresponding +traditional pages. When the *at([23]) pages were originally written +(mostly in 2006), the APIs were not part of POSIX and (in most cases) +were not available on other systems. So, it made some sense to wall +them off into their own separate pages. Eight years later, with the +APIs now all in POSIX (except scandirat()), it is much more sensible +to document the newer APIs alongside their traditional counterparts, +so that the newer APIs are not "hidden", and the reader can more +easily see the differences between the APIs. + +Thus, the text of 14 pairs of pages has been merged, and the "merged +from" pages have been converted to links to the "merged to" pages. +Along the way, a few other fixes were made to the pages, as noted +below. + +One page that did not undergo such a change was utimensat(2), which +is different enough from utime(2) that it warrants a separate page. +Unlike the other *at() pages, the utimensat(2) page was also already +self-contained, rather than defining itself in terms of differences +from utime(2) as the other *at() pages did. + +access.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Merge text from faccessat(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Remove faccessat() race warning + That point is already covered in existing text in this page. + Michael Kerrisk + access() also conforms to POSIX.1-2008 + +chmod.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Merge text from fchmodat(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Use argument name 'pathname' throughout page + (Some APIs were using 'path' while others used 'pathname') + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: chmod() and fchmod() are also in POSIX.1-2008 + +chown.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Merge text of fchownat(2) + Michael Kerrisk + AT_EMPTY_PATH is Linux-specific and requires _GNU_SOURCE + Michael Kerrisk + Use argument name 'pathname' throughout page + (Some APIs were using 'path' while others used 'pathname') + Michael Kerrisk + Remove sentence that fchownat() is present on Solaris + That point was only really relevant before fchownat() was + standardized in POSIX.1.2008. + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: chown(), fchown(), lchown() are in POSIX.1-2008 + +link.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Merge text of linkat(2) + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: link() is in POSIX.1-2008 + Michael Kerrisk + AT_EMPTY_PATH is Linux-specific and requires _GNU_SOURCE + +mkdir.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Merge text of mkdirat(2) + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: mkdir() is in POSIX.1-2008 + +mknod.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Merge text of mknodat(2) + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: mknod(2) is in POSIX.1-2008 + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Merge text from openat(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Remove sentence that openat() is present on Solaris + That point was only really relevant before openat() was + standardized in POSIX.1.2008. + +readlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Merge text of readlinkat(2) + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: readlink() is in POSIX.1-2008. + Michael Kerrisk + Use argument name 'pathname' throughout page + (Some APIs were using 'path' while others used 'pathname') + +rename.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Merge text of renameat(2) + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: rename(2) is in POSIX.1-2008 + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Merge text from fstatat(2) + Michael Kerrisk + AT_EMPTY_PATH and AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT are Linux-specific + These flags require _GNU_SOURCE. + Michael Kerrisk + Use argument name 'pathname' throughout page + (Some APIs were using 'path' while others used 'pathname') + Michael Kerrisk + Remove sentence that fstatat() is present on Solaris + That point was only really relevant before fstatat() was + standardized in POSIX.1.2008. + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: stat(), fstat(), lstat() are specified in POSIX.1-2008 + +symlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Merge text of symlinkat(2) + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: symlink() is in POSIX.1-2008 + +unlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Merge text of unlinkat(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Remove sentence that unlinkat() is present on Solaris + That point was only really relevant before unlinkat() was + standardized in POSIX.1.2008. + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: unlink() is in POSIX.1-2008 + +mkfifo.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Merge text of mkfifoat(3) + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: mkfifo() is in POSIX.1-2008 + +scandir.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Merge text of scandirat(3) + Michael Kerrisk + Update feature test macro requirements + The FTM requirements changed in glibc 2.10. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove libc4/libc5 note under CONFORMING TO + No-one much cares about Linux libc these days. + Michael Kerrisk + Put detail about alphasort under a NOTES heading + This text was under CONFORMING TO, which made no sense. + Michael Kerrisk + Rework CONFORMING TO text + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +prctl.2 + Kir Kolyshkin + Document PR_SET_MM options in Linux 3.5 + Some of the PR_SET_MM options were merged to vanilla kernel + later, and appeared in Linux 3.5. Those are: + + - PR_SET_MM_ARG_START + - PR_SET_MM_ARG_END + - PR_SET_MM_ENV_START + - PR_SET_MM_ENV_END + - PR_SET_MM_AUXV + - PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE + +socket.7 + Neil Horman + Document the SO_RXQ_OVFL socket option + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel version number for SO_RXQ_OVFL + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +faccessat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Convert to link to access.2 + +fchmodat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Convert to link to chmod.2 + +fchownat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Convert to link to chown.2 + +fstatat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Convert to link to stat.2 + +linkat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Convert to link to link.2 + +mkdirat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Convert to link to mkdir.2 + +mknodat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Convert to link to mknod.2 + +openat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Convert to link to open.2 + +readlinkat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Convert to link to symlink.2 + +renameat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Convert to link rename.2 + +symlinkat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Convert to link to symlink.2 + +unlinkat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Convert to link to unlink.2 + +mkfifoat.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Convert to link to mkfifo.3 + +scandirat.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Convert to link to scandir.3 + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +alarm.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note semantics of alarm with respect to fork() and execve() + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Warn that F_GETLK info may already be out of date when the call returns + +intro.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe policy on documenting differences between syscall and glibc API + +mmap2.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Reword note on glibc mmap() wrapper invocation of mmap2() + Michael Kerrisk + This system call does not exist on x86-64 + +msgctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EPERM for unprivileged attempt to set msg_qbytes > MSGMNB + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Xiawei Chen] + Clarify that PR_GET_TIMERSLACK is returned as the function result + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that PR_GET_SECCOMP is returned as function result + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS is returned as function result + +ptrace.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Andrew Hunter] + Make it clearer that glibc and syscall APIs differ for PTRACE_PEEK* + Thanks to Denys Vlasenko's additions in 78686915aed6bd12 + this page does note that the glibc API for PTRACE_PEEK* + differs from the raw syscall interface. But, as the report + at https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=70801 shows, + this information could be more obvious. This patch makes its so. + +sgetmask.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that these system calls don't exist on x86-64 + +swapon.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Split EINVAL cases into separate entries under ERRORS + Michael Kerrisk + Add EINVAL error for invalid flags to swapon() + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add intro(2) + +umount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Split EINVAL cases into separate items + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: Add EINVAL case that was new in 2.6.34 + +utime.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add note that modern applications probably want utimensat(2) etc. + +crypt.3 + Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro] + ERRORS: Add EINVAL and EPERM errors + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=69771 + +getifaddrs.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Enhance example program + Print statistics for AF_PACKET interfaces. + Add missing feature test macro definition. + Reformat output. + +iswctype.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function iswctype() is thread safe. + +sem_post.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function sem_post() is thread safe. + +sem_unlink.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function sem_unlink() is thread safe. + +sem_wait.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions sem_wait(), sem_trywait() and sem_timedwait() are + thread safe. + +setbuf.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions setbuf(), setbuffer(), setlinebuf() and setvbuf() + are thread safe. + +strlen.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function strlen() is thread safe. + +strnlen.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function strnlen() is thread safe. + +strpbrk.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function strpbrk() is thread safe. + +strsep.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function strsep() is thread safe. + +swab.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function swab() is thread safe. + +resolv.conf.5 + Carlos O'Donell + DESCRIPTION: mention that the data is trusted + In a recent discussion about DNSSEC it was brought to my + attention that not all system administrators may understand + that the information in /etc/resolv.conf is fully trusted. + The resolver implementation in glibc treats /etc/resolv.conf + as a fully trusted source of DNS information and passes on + the AD-bit for DNSSEC as trusted. + + This patch adds a clarifying sentence to make it absolutely + clear that indeed this source of information is trusted. + +ascii.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Sulaiman Mustafa] + Fix rendering of single quote (decimal character 39) + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add utf-8(7) + Michael Kerrisk [Duncan de Wet] + Remove mention of ISO 8859-1 as being the default encoding on Linux + +packet.7 + Neil Horman + Document PACKET_FANOUT_QM fanout mode + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel version for PACKET_FANOUT_QM + Daniel Borkmann + Improve PACKET_QDISC_BYPASS description + +socket.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel version number for SO_BUSY_POLL + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.62 ==================== + +Released: 2014-03-11, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz> +Joseph S. Myers <joseph@codesourcery.com> +Marius Gaubas <marius@livejournalinc.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Rick Stanley <rstanley@rsiny.com> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +locale.1 + Michael Kerrisk [review from Mike Frysinger] + New page describing locale(1) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +locale.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document LC_ADDRESS + Michael Kerrisk + Document LC_IDENTIFICATION + Michael Kerrisk + Document LC_MEASUREMENT + Michael Kerrisk + Document LC_NAME + Michael Kerrisk + Document LC_PAPER + Michael Kerrisk + Document LC_TELEPHONE + + +Removed Pages +------------- + +sync.8 + Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Hellwig, Pádraig Brady] + Sometime in the 20th century (before my watch), a sync(8) + page into man-pages. It documents the sync command from + "fileutils", which long ago become coreutils, and the + piece under NOTES note some behavior of sync(2) + that ceased to be true many years ago. The man-pages + project generally focuses on only Linux kernel and + (g)libc interfaces, so this sync(8) page doesn't really + belong. Furthermore, coreutils has a sync(1) page which + covers the same command. After discussions on the + coreutils list, I've decided to retire this page from + man-pages. + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that CLONE_THREAD also in effect requires CLONE_VM + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Marius Gaubas] + Warn the reader that the 'stat' structure definition is not precise + Padding fields aren't shown, and the order of fields varies + somewhat across architectures. + +gethostbyname.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove redundant FTM requirements + _GNU_SOURCE implies _SVID_SOURCE and _BSD_SOURCE, so + + _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE || _GNU_SOURCE + + is the same as + + _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE + +getutmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add utmpdump(1) + +log1p.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions log1p(), log1pf() and log1pl() are thread safe. + +logb.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions logb(), logbf() and logbl() are thread safe. + +memccpy.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function memccpy() is thread safe. + +memchr.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions memchr(), memrchr() and rawmemchr() are thread safe. + +mktemp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Make warning not to use this function more prominent + +qecvt.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers] + Recommend snprintf(3) not sprintf(3) + +raise.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function raise() is thread safe. + +remove.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function remove() is thread safe. + +sem_destroy.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function sem_destroy() is thread safe. + +sem_getvalue.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function sem_getvalue() is thread safe. + +sem_init.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function sem_init() is thread safe. + +sockatmark.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function sockatmark() is thread safe. + +strcpy.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions strcpy() and strncpy() are thread safe. + Michael Kerrisk [Rick Stanley] + Fix a bug, and improve discussion of forcing termination with strncpy() + +strspn.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions strspn() and strcspn() are thread safe. + +tempnam.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Make warning not to use this function more prominent + +tmpnam.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Recommend use mkstemp(3) or tmpfile(3) instead + +locale.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Add intro section that lists all of the LC categories + Michael Kerrisk + 'p_cs_precedes' is for *positive* values + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify 'p_sign_posn' and 'n_sign_posn'; simplify 'n_sign_posn' + Add initial sentence for 'p_sign_posn' and 'n_sign_posn'. + Remove repeated list for 'n_sign_posn'. + Michael Kerrisk + Document LC_MESSAGES 'yesstr' and 'nostr' + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify LC_MONETARY 'n_cs_precedes' + Michael Kerrisk + LC_MONETARY: Document 'int_p_sign_posn' and 'int_n_sign_posn' + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify/rework 'p_cs_precedes' and 'n_cs_precedes' + Michael Kerrisk + LC_MONETARY: document 'int_p_sep_by_space' and 'int_n_sep_by_space' + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty reference to POSIX.2 + Michael Kerrisk + LC_MONETARY: document 'int_p_cs_precedes' and 'int_n_cs_precedes' + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify/simplify 'n_sep_by_space' + Michael Kerrisk + LC_TIME: document 'cal_direction' and 'date_fmt' + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify 'p_sep_by_space' + +feature_test_macros.7 + Michael Kerrisk + _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE are deprecated in glibc 2.20 + Michael Kerrisk + _GNU_SOURCE implicitly defines other macros + Saying that _GNU_SOURCE has the "effects of" other macros is not + quite precise. + Michael Kerrisk + Reword glibc version for _ISOC95_SOURCE + Michael Kerrisk + _ISOC99_SOURCE also exposes C95 definitions + Michael Kerrisk + _ISOC11_SOURCE implies the effects of _ISOC99_SOURCE + Michael Kerrisk + Note version number for _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L implies C99/C95 + _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L causes C95 definitions to be + exposed only since glibc 2.12 and C99 definitions only + since 2.10. + Michael Kerrisk + _XOPEN_SOURCE may implicitly define _POSIX_SOURCE and _POSIX_C_SOURCE + Michael Kerrisk + Reword glibc version for _ISOC99_SOURCE + Michael Kerrisk + Rework discussion of _ISOC99_SOURCE + Michael Kerrisk + Improve discussion of _DEFAULT_SOURCE + Michael Kerrisk + _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L implies C95 and C95 features + + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.63 ==================== + +Released: 2014-03-18, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> +Corrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com> +Gregory P. Smith <gps@google.com> +Joseph S. Myers <joseph@codesourcery.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Phillip Susi <psusi@ubuntu.com> +Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca> +Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com> +Zhu Yanhai <zhu.yanhai@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +duplocale.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting duplocale(3) + +newlocale.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] + New page documenting newlocale(3) and freelocale(3) + +towlower.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Largely rewrite description of towlower() to be simpler and clearer + +towupper.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Largely rewrite description of towupper() to be simpler and clearer + +uselocale.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting uselocale(3) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document O_DSYNC and rewrite discussion of O_SYNC + +isalpha.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document the "_l" locale APIs + The GNU C library v2.3 added some locale APIs, most of which + were later specified in POSIX.1-2008, namely: + + isalnum_l() + isalpha_l() + isblank_l() + iscntrl_l() + isdigit_l() + isgraph_l() + islower_l() + isprint_l() + ispunct_l() + isspace_l() + isupper_l() + isxdigit_l() + isascii_l() + + Also update and correct various pieces in CONFORMING TO + (and remove a few crufty old pieces there). + +strerror.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document strerror_l() + +toupper.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document toupper_l() and tolower_l() + +towlower.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document towlower_l() + +towupper.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document towupper_l() + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid + +locale.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document LC_ADDRESS + Document LC_IDENTIFICATION + Document LC_MEASUREMENT + Document LC_NAME + Document LC_PAPER + Document LC_TELEPHONE + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +freelocale.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new newlocale.3 page + +isalnum_l.3 +isascii_l.3 +isblank_l.3 +iscntrl_l.3 +isdigit_l.3 +isgraph_l.3 +islower_l.3 +isprint_l.3 +ispunct_l.3 +isspace_l.3 +isupper_l.3 +isxdigit_l.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to isalpha.3 + +tolower_l.3 +toupper_l.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to toupper.3 + +towlower_l.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to towlower.3 + +towupper_l.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to towupper.3 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global change: "upper case" ==> "uppercase", "lower case" ==> lowercase" + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add blkid(1) + +msgop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document two MSG_COPY failure modes + Since Linux 3.14, the kernel now diagnoses two errors + when using msgrcv() MSG_COPY: + * MSG_COPY must be specified with IPC_NOWAIT + * MSG_COPY can't be specified with MSG_EXCEPT + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Organize some material under additional subheadings in NOTES + There's an amorphous mass of material under NOTES. Structure + it with some subheadings, and do a little reorganizing. + Michael Kerrisk + Add other system calls and functions that are like openat() + fanotify_mark(2), name_to_handle_at(2), and scandirat(3) have a + directory file descriptor argument for the same reason as openat(). + Also: reword the rationale for the *at() functions somewhat. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify ELOOP error interaction with O_PATH + +readahead.2 + Phillip Susi [Corrado Zoccolo, Gregory P. Smith, Zhu Yanhai, Michael Kerrisk, Christoph Hellwig] + Don't claim the call blocks until all data has been read + The readahead(2) man page was claiming that the call blocks until + all data has been read into the cache. This is incorrect. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=54271 + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ls(1) and stat(1) + +fts.3 + Christoph Hellwig [Michael Kerrisk] + The fts(3) API does not work with LFS builds + As pointed out during a recent discussion on libc-hacker the + fts(3) APIs can't be used with large file offsets: + + https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=15838 + +mbrtowc.3 +mbsnrtowcs.3 +mbsrtowcs.3 +mbtowc.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add entries in SEE ALSO + Mainly inspired by the POSIX pages. + +mbsinit.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add mbrlen(3), mbrtowc(3), and wcrtomb(3) + +mbsrtowcs.3 +wcsrtombs.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add mbsinit(3) + +mbstowcs.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Stefan Puiu] + Add example program + And add some SEE ALSO entries + +memcmp.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function memcmp() is thread safe. + +memcpy.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function memcpy() is thread safe. + +memfrob.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function memfrob() is thread safe. + +memmem.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function memmem() is thread safe. + +memmove.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function memmove() is thread safe. + +mempcpy.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions mempcpy() and wmempcpy() are thread safe. + +memset.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function memset() is thread safe. + +strerror.3 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: strerror() and strerror_r() are in POSIX.1-2008 + Michael Kerrisk + Add SS heading for strerror_r() + +toupper.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite to more explicitly bring locales into the discussion + Michael Kerrisk + Retitle BUGS section to NOTES + These are not really bugs, just background info. + +wcrtomb.3 +wcsnrtombs.3 +wcsrtombs.3 +wcstombs.3 +wctomb.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add various entries + Mainly inspired by POSIX + +core.5 + Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk] + Document core_pattern %d specifier + Document %P core_pattern specifier + Michael Kerrisk + Rearrange core_pattern specifiers alphabetically + +locale.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add newlocale(3) + duplocale(3) + +feature_test_macros.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers] + Remove mention of bogus _ISOC95_SOURCE macro + The _ISOC95_SOURCE macro is defined in <features.h>, but it + does nothing. So remove discussion of it, and move some of + the discussion of C95 under the _ISOC99_SOURCE subhead. + Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell] + Add packaging note for _BSD_SOURCE/_SVID_SOURCE/_DEFAULT_SOURCE + To compile warning-free across glibc < 2.20 and glibc >= 2.20 + code may been to define both _DEFAULT_SOURCE and either + _BSD_SOURCE or _SVID_SOURCE. + Michael Kerrisk + Reword description of C90 + +locale.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add subsection on POSIX.1-2008 (originally GNU) extensions to locale API + Michael Kerrisk + Remove reference to LI18NUX2000 + LI18NUX2000 is difficult to even find these days, and in any case + this page does not document gettext(), so notes about gettext() + in the CONFORMING TO section here make no sense. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add mbstowcs(3) and wcstombs(3) + SEE ALSO: add newlocale(3) + duplocale(3) + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add preferred term "superblock" + Michael Kerrisk + Add preferred terms "uppercase" and "lowercase" + + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.64 ==================== + +Released: 2014-04-06, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Abhay Sachan <sachan.abhay@gmail.com> +Alexey Samsonov <samsonov@google.com> +Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org> +Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> +Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> +Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> +Kir Kolyshkin <kir@openvz.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com> +Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz> +Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca> +Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +open_by_handle_at.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger, Neil Brown, Aneesh Kumar K.V, + Christoph Hellwig] + New page describing name_to_handle_at(2) and open_by_handle_at(2) + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite introductory section + Reorganize "Limitations and caveats" subsection + Michael Kerrisk + Further describe the race when adding a watch to a new subtree + Michael Kerrisk + Directory renames may invalidate multiple paths cached by application + Michael Kerrisk + Add paragraph on cache consistency checking + Michael Kerrisk + Mention cache rebuilding to handle overflow events + Michael Kerrisk + Moving an object to another filesystem generates IN_DELETE_SELF + Michael Kerrisk [Jan Kara] + Add text on dealing with rename() events + Michael Kerrisk + Note rationale and consequences of event coalescing + Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman] + Inotify doesn't work for remote and pseudo filesystems + Michael Kerrisk + Add some examples of events generated by various system calls + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: IN_ONESHOT does now cause IN_IGNORED when the watch is dropped + A silent change as a result of the fanotify work in kernel 2.6.36. + Michael Kerrisk + Note that IN_DELETE_SELF will be followed by IN_IGNORED + Michael Kerrisk + Note that IN_UNMOUNT will be followed by an IN_IGNORED event + Michael Kerrisk + Inotify does not report events for mmap(2) and msync(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Add examples of syscalls that trigger IN_ATTRIB + Michael Kerrisk + Add some examples of syscalls that trigger IN_MODIFY + Michael Kerrisk + execve(2) also generates IN_ACCESS + Michael Kerrisk + Add examples of syscalls that trigger IN_CREATE + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver [Michael Kerrisk] + Document the PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC flag + The Linux 3.14 release adds support for the PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC + flag. + +feature_test_macros.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document _LARGEFILE_SOURCE + +tcp.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Dumazet] + Document /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_autocorking + Text heavily based on Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +name_to_handle_at.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new open_by_handle_at(2) page + + +Global changes +-------------- + +fmemopen.3 +getaddrinfo.3 +mq_notify.3 +offsetof.3 +aio.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Print size_t/ssize_t values using %z printf() modifier + There are fewer and fewer systems these days that don't + support the %z specifier mandated in C99. So replace the + use of %ld/%lu + (long) cast with %zd/%zu. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +bdflush.2 +fsync.2 +sync.2 + Kir Kolyshkin + SEE ALSO: remove update(8) reference + Remove reference to update(8) man page, since there is no such + page. This is an ancient BSD leftover I believe. + +chown.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'dirfd' can be AT_FDCWD when AT_EMPTY_PATH is used + +getxattr.2 + Abhay Sachan + Fix RETURN VALUE description + A EA can have length zero. + +inotify_add_watch.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add ENAMETOOLONG + +inotify_init.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add pointer to inotify(7) + +link.2 + Michael Kerrisk + When AT_EMPTY_PATH is specified, 'olddirfd' must not refer to a + directory + +mmap.2 + Andrey Vagin + The file descriptor for a file mapping must be readable + There is no difference between MAP_SHARED and MAP_PRIVATE. + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add open_by_name_at(2) + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver + Document PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD behavior change + Linux 3.14 (in commit bad7192b842c83e580747ca57104dd51fe08c223) + changes the perf_event PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD ioctl() behavior + on all architectures to update immediately, to match the behavior + found on ARM. + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'dirfd' can be AT_FDCWD when AT_EMPTY_PATH is used + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add sched_getattr() and sched_setattr() + And update kernel version to 3.14 + +abort.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function abort() is thread safe. + +confstr.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add getconf(1), fpathconf(3), sysconf(3), pathconf(3) + +exit.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + The function exit() is not thread safe. + +fenv.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions feclearexcept(), fegetexceptflag(), feraiseexcept(), + fesetexceptflag(), fetestexcept(), fegetround(), fesetround(), + fegetenv(), feholdexcept(), fesetenv(), feupdateenv(), + feenableexcept(), fedisableexcept() and fegetexcept() are thread + safe. + +fpathconf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add confstr(3) + +fseek.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Petr Gajdos] + Document EINVAL error for negative file offset + +fseeko.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add feature test macro requirements + +fts.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] + Remove mention of "32-bit systems" in BUGS + +fwide.3 +wprintf.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Robert P. J. Day] + Remove mention of bogus _ISOC95_SOURCE feature test macro + +getline.3 + Alexey Samsonov + Caller should free the allocated buffer even if getline() failed + Relevant discussion in glibc bugzilla: + https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5666 + +getloadavg.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function getloadavg() is thread safe. + +getpt.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function getpt() is thread safe. + +if_nametoindex.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions if_nametoindex() and if_indextoname() are thread safe. + +index.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions index() and rindex() are thread safe. + +mkfifo.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions mkfifo() and mkfifoat() are thread safe. + +netlink.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: make the reference for libnetlink the libnetlink(3) man page + +random.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions random(), srandom(), initstate() and setstate() + are thread safe. + +random_r.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions random_r(), srandom_r(), initstate_r() and + setstate_r() are thread safe. + +sigvec.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions sigvec(), sigblock(), sigsetmask() and + siggetmask() are thread safe. + + The macro sigmask() is thread safe. + +sysconf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add confstr(3) + +termios.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Hurley] + Fix error in discussion of MIN > 0, TIME == 0 noncanonical mode + As reported by Peter Hurley, for the MIN > 0, TIME == 0 case: + + read() may unblock when MIN bytes are available but return + up to the 'count' parameter if more input arrives in between + waking and copying into the user buffer. + ... + read() may also _not_ return until MIN bytes have been + received, even if 'count' bytes have been received. + Michael Kerrisk + Add a note on interaction of O_NONBLOCK with noncanonical MIN/TIME + POSIX leaves the behavior open. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify termination conditions for MIN > 0, TIME > 0 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify behavior if data is available before noncanonical read() + Michael Kerrisk + Add descriptive titles to noncanonical read() cases + +symlink.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add subsection on opening a symbolic link with O_PATH + Michael Kerrisk + name_to_handle_at(2) and open_by_handle_at(2) optionally follow symlinks + Michael Kerrisk + Mention use of readlink(2) to read contents of a symlink + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.65 ==================== + +Released: 2014-04-20, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com> +Ashish Sangwan <a.sangwan@samsung.com> +Christopher Covington <cov@codeaurora.org> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> +Craig McQueen <craig.mcqueen@beamcommunications.com> +Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +Greg Troxel <gdt@ir.bbn.com> +Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@chromium.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz> +Richard Hansen <rhansen@bbn.com> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Steven Stewart-Gallus <sstewartgallus00@mylangara.bc.ca> +Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +inet_net_pton.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page describing inet_net_pton(3) and inet_net_ntop(3) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +fallocate.2 + Michael Kerrisk, Namjae Jeon [Christoph Hellwig, Dave Chinner] + Document FALLOC_FL_COLLAPSE_RANGE + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Alex Thorlton] + Document PR_SET_THP_DISABLE and PR_GET_THP_DISABLE + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/[pid]/stack + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/[pid]/clear_refs + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +inet_net_ntop.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new inet_net_pton.3 + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note the race when O_CLOEXEC is used at same time as fork()+execve() + +madvise.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: see prctl(2) + Because of PR_SET_THP_DISABLE. + +mlock.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe treatment of MCL_FUTURE during fork(2) and execve(2) + +msync.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Richard Hansen, Greg Troxel] + Warn that one of MS_SYNC or MS_ASYNC is required + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add more detail on the race that O_CLOEXEC is designed to avoid + Michael Kerrisk [Matthew Dempsky] + Remove crufty text stating that O_DIRECTORY is Linux-specific + Michael Kerrisk + Note which filesystems support O_TMPFILE + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver [Michael Kerrisk] + Clarify EACCES and EPERM errors + Clarify the reasons for EACCES and EPERM errors. + Vince Weaver [Michael Kerrisk] + Make the ERRORS section more comprehensive. + Determined both by code inspection and by writing a large + number of test programs. + +personality.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Available execution domains are listed in <sys/personality.h> + Michael Kerrisk + Fix discussion of return value + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS + ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_SET_PDEATHSIG + ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_SET_TIMING + ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_SET_DUMPABLE + ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS + +shmget.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite description of SHMMNI default value + Michael Kerrisk + Note default value of SHMMAX + Note default value for SHMALL + +byteorder.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions htonl(), htons(), ntohl() and ntohs() are thread + safe. + +fexecve.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Steven Stewart-Gallus] + If 'fd' is a close-on-exec file descriptor for a script, fexecve() fails + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=74481 + +ffs.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions ffs(), ffsl() and ffsll() are thread safe. + +getauxval.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function getauxval() is thread safe. + +getcontext.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions getcontext() and setcontext() are thread safe. + +getsubopt.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function getsubopt() is thread safe. + +getutmp.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions getutmp() and getutmpx() are thread safe. + +inet.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note success and error return for inet_aton() + +inet.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Craig McQueen] + The form 'a.b' if is suitable for Class A addresses (not class C) + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add inet_net_pton(3) + +makecontext.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions makecontext() and swapcontext() are thread safe. + +pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions pthread_attr_setdetachstate() and + pthread_attr_getdetachstate() are thread safe. + +pthread_attr_setguardsize.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions pthread_attr_setguardsize() and + pthread_attr_getguardsize() are thread safe. + +sigsetops.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions sigemptyset(), sigfillset(), sigaddset(), + sigdelset(), sigismember(), sigisemptyset(), sigorset() and + sigandset() are thread safe. + +proc.5 + Petr Gajdos + Improve /proc/[pid]/smaps entries description + Michael Kerrisk + /proc/PID/smaps is present only if CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR + Michael Kerrisk + Note kernel version for /proc/sys/kernel/{shmall,shmmax} + Michael Kerrisk + Note kernel version for /proc/sys/kernel/{msgmax,msgmnb} + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add capsh(1) + +libc.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add musl libc + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.66 ==================== + +Released: 2014-05-08, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alan Curry <rlwinm@sdf.org> +Carsten Andrich <carsten.andrich@tu-ilmenau.de> +Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +Eric Siegerman <pub08-knl@davor.org> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> +Jan Moskyto Matejka <mq@suse.cz> +John Marshall <jm18@sanger.ac.uk> +Lukáš Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com> +Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu> +Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com> +Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> +Silvan Jegen <s.jegen@gmail.com> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com> +Steven Stewart-Gallus <sstewartgallus00@mylangara.bc.ca> +Stijn Hinterding <contact@stijnhinterding.nl> +Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +fanotify_init.2 + Heinrich Schuchardt, Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting fanotify_init(2) + +fanotify_mark.2 + Heinrich Schuchardt, Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting fanotify_mark(2) + +sched_setscheduler.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Page rewritten + Stripped out the general scheduling material, which + moved to sched(7), and rewrote much of the remainder. + Changed copyright and license since pretty much all + of the content was or is written by mtk. + +fanotify.7 + Heinrich Schuchardt, Michael Kerrisk + New page providing overview of the fanotify API + +sched.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New page providing an overview of the scheduling APIs + Most of this content derives from sched_setscheduler(2). In + preparation for adding a sched_setattr(2) page, it makes + sense to isolate out this general content to a separate + page that is referred to by the other scheduling pages. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +fallocate.2 + Lukas Czerner [Michael Kerrisk] + Document FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE + FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE was added in Linux 3.14, + for zeroing ranges in the allocated space in a file. + +rename.2 + Miklos Szeredi [Michael Kerrisk] + Document renameat2() system call added in Linux 3.15 + +shmop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document SHM_EXEC + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +flock.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Employ term "open file description" in DESCRIPTION + And include reference to open(2) for an explanation of the term. + +getpriority.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sched(7) + +getsockopt.2 + Carsten Andrich + SEE ALSO: add packet(7) + +link.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Steven Stewart-Gallus] + Document ENOENT error for linkat() + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73301 + +msgget.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Reword EEXIST error + +msgop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note capability required to raise MQ size beyond MSGMNB + +msync.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt] + s/flushes... back to disk/flushes... back to filesystem/ + +nice.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sched(7) + +open.2 + Peter Schiffer + Update note on alignment of user buffer and file offset for O_DIRECT + The sentence in open(2) man page in notes for O_DIRECT flag: + + "Under Linux 2.6, alignment to 512-byte boundaries suffices." + + is not universally correct. The alignment is a property of the + storage, for example, 4k-sector drives with no 512 byte sector + emulation will be unable to perform 512-byte direct I/O. + Michael Kerrisk + Note some of the various synonyms for "open file description" + Michael Kerrisk + Remove repetitious text on use of fcntl() to change file status flags + +open_by_handle_at.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention FreeBSD analogs + +posix_fadvise.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Siegerman] + Fix wording error under "Architecture-specific variants" + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=75431 + +process_vm_readv.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Stijn Hinterding] + Add feature test macro requirements + The _GNU_SOURCE FTM must be defined. + +read.2 + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: detail nonatomicity bug with respect to file offset updates + This bug was fixed in Linux 3.14, with commit + 9c225f2655e36a470c4f58dbbc99244c5fc7f2d4 + See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1649458 + +sched_get_priority_max.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7) + +sched_rr_get_interval.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7) + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7) + +sched_setparam.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7) + +sched_yield.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7) + +semget.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Consolidate discussion on noninitialization of semaphores + The fact that semget() does not initialize the semaphores + in a new set was covered in two places (in DESCRIPTION + and BUGS). Consolidate these into one place (in NOTES) + and also point out that POSIX.1-2008 says that a future + version of the standard may require an implementation to + initialize the semaphores to 0. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify SEMMNS versus SEMMSL*SEMMNI + Michael Kerrisk + Rework EINVAL text a little + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify wording for EEXIST error + +shmget.2 + Manfred Spraul + Clarify SHMALL + The default for SHMALL is a limit of 8 GB, regardless of + PAGE_SIZE. The current documentation does not mention that + and is therefore more difficult to understand than necessary. + Manfred Spraul + Correct math error + 2097152 is 2^21, not 2^20. + Michael Kerrisk + Reword EEXIST error + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify one of the EINVAL cases + Michael Kerrisk + Note that SHM_NORESERVE is a Linux extension + Michael Kerrisk [Simon Paillard] + Fix kernel version numbers in discussion of SHMALL + Michael Kerrisk + Rework EINVAL text + Michael Kerrisk + Move and rework discussion of mode bits + Michael Kerrisk + Reword description of O_EXCL + +shmop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Move fork(2), execve(2), _exit(2) discussion to NOTES + Michael Kerrisk + Add subheads for shmat() and shmdt() + Michael Kerrisk + Rework discussion of SHM_RDONLY and SHM_REMAP into list format + Michael Kerrisk + Structure the attach cases as a list + +sigaction.2 + Alan Curry + Fix bad cross reference (times(2) not time(2)) + The system call that reports child CPU usage is times(2), + not time(2). + +symlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Steven Stewart-Gallus] + Document ENOENT error for symlinkat() + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73301 + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add renameat2() + And bump kernel version. + +write.2 + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: detail nonatomicity bug with respect to file offset updates + This bug was fixed in Linux 3.14, with commit + 9c225f2655e36a470c4f58dbbc99244c5fc7f2d4 + See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1649458 + +pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions pthread_attr_setinheritsched() and + pthread_attr_getinheritsched() are thread safe. + +pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions pthread_attr_setschedparam() and + pthread_attr_getschedparam() are thread safe. + +pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions pthread_attr_setschedpolicy() and + pthread_attr_getschedpolicy() are thread safe. + +pthread_attr_setscope.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions pthread_attr_setscope() and pthread_attr_getscope() + are thread safe. + +pthread_attr_setstack.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions pthread_attr_setstack() and pthread_attr_getstack() + are thread safe. + +sched_getcpu.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sched(7) + +termios.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Yuri Kozlov] + Rework intro text for 'c_oflag' + Michael Kerrisk + OFDEL is in POSIX.1-2001, so remove "(Not in POSIX)" text + +proc.5 + Jan Moskyto Matejka [Randy Dunlap] + Improve description of /proc/stat 'intr' field + The sum at the beginning of line "intr" includes also + unnumbered interrupts. + +packet.7 + Carsten Andrich [Neil Horman] + Improve sockopt documentation for packet sockets + Carsten Andrich [Willem de Bruijn] + PACKET_LOSS has inverse meaning + Stefan Puiu [Daniel Borkmann, Carsten Andrich] + Status in PACKET_RX_RING is actually a bit mask + Michael Kerrisk [Carsten Andrich] + SEE ALSO: add /tools/testing/selftests/net/psock_tpacket.c + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.67 ==================== + +Released: 2014-05-21, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> +Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net> +Bill Allombert <ballombe@debian.org> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> +Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@usta.de> +Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> +Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com> +Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@profusion.mobi> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> +Rasmus Villemoes <rv@rasmusvillemoes.dk> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Steven Stewart-Gallus <sstewartgallus00@mylangara.bc.ca> +Török Edwin <edwin@etorok.net> +William Morriss <wjmelements@gmail.com> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +sched_setattr.2 + Michael Kerrisk, Peter Zijlstra [Juri Lelli] + New page describing sched_setattr(2) and sched_getattr(2) + +system.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrote large parts of the page and added a number of details + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +sched.7 + Peter Zijlstra, Michael Kerrisk [Juri Lelli] + Document SCHED_DEADLINE + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +renameat2.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to rename.2 + +sched_getattr.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new sched_setattr + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +bind.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: Add EADDRINUSE for ephemeral port range exhaustion + +chown.2 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: Add some subheadings + +connect.2 + Michael Kerrisk [William Morriss] + ERRORS: Add EADDRNOTAVAIL for ephemeral port range exhaustion + Verified from testing and the kernel source. + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=745775 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mention of ip_local_port_range under EAGAIN error + +create_module.2 +delete_module.2 +init_module.2 +query_module.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Lucas De Marchi] + Clarify glibc header file declaration/ABI wrapper details + create_module(), delete_module(), init_module(), and + query_module() are not declared in header files, but + through an accident of history glibc provides an ABI + for them that it continues to maintain, for + compatibility reasons. + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Steven Stewart-Gallus] + Note SIGKILL case when execve() fails beyond the point of no return + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: Add a subheading and reorder paragraphs + +fanotify_init.2 + Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk] + Document range of permitted flags for event_f_flags + With a new patch included in the mm tree, event_f_flags is + checked for allowable values. + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add "file locking" subheading under NOTES + +fork.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: SCHED_DEADLINE tasks can fail with EAGAIN + SCHED_DEADLINE tasks can fail with EAGAIN unless the + reset-on-fork flag is set. + +futex.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that there is no glibc wrapper + +getpriority.2 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototypes for getpriority() and setpriority() + The who argument has type id_t (which happens to be u32 on linux). + +get_robust_list.2 + Rasmus Villemoes + Add <sys/types.h> to synopsis of get_robust_list() + If one were to implement wrappers for [gs]et_robust_list() using the + given prototypes, one would also have to include sys/types.h to get + a definition of size_t. + +getrusage.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Bill Allombert] + _GNU_SOURCE must be defined to obtain RUSAGE_THREAD definition + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=746569 + +link.2 +open.2 + Andy Lutomirski [Michael Kerrisk] + Update AT_EMPTY_PATH and O_PATH documentation + +listen.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: Add EADDRINUSE for ephemeral port range exhaustion + +mbind.2 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype for mbind(2) + The nmask argument is const. The return type in numaif.h is long. + (Well, at least <numaif.h> says nmask is const. The current kernel + does not define it as a const argument, but sys_mbind() only + passes it to get_nodes(), which does treat it as const.) + +msgop.2 + Davidlohr Bueso [Michael Kerrisk] + Enhance description of "full queue" criteria + +poll.2 + Rasmus Villemoes + Add <signal.h> to synopsis for ppoll() + One needs to #include <signal.h> to get the definition of the + type (sigset_t) of the mask argument to ppoll(). + +readlink.2 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix return type of readlinkat() + +recv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify details of msg_name and msg_namelen fields + +recvmmsg.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe timeout bug + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=75371 + and http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/5677 + +remap_file_pages.2 + Andy Lutomirski [Christoph Hellwig, Andy Lutomirski] + remap_file_pages() has no benefit for real files + Linux commit 3ee6dafc677a68e461a7ddafc94a580ebab80735 caused + remap_file_pages to be emulated when used on real file. + +sched_get_priority_max.2 + Michael Kerrisk + 'policy' can also be SCHED_DEADLINE + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype for sched_setaffinity() + The mask argument is const. + +sched_setparam.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: mark errors that apply just for sched_setparam() + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: Add EINVAL for invalid arguments + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sched_setattr(2) + +sched_setscheduler.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: mark errors that apply just to sched_setscheduler() + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EINVAL case for pid < 0 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: separate out EINVAL cases + +semget.2 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: Add subheadings and reorder paragraphs + +semop.2 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototypes for semop() and semtimedop() + The nsops arguments have type size_t, not unsigned, and the + timeout argument of semtimedop() is const. + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: Add a subheading + +send.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add details on various 'msghdr' fields + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: Add EAGAIN for ephemeral port range exhaustion + Michael Kerrisk + Add some subheadings under DESCRIPTION + +shmget.2 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: Add a subheading + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Aurelien Jarno] + Describe feature test macro requirements for file type test macros + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=728240 + Michael Kerrisk + Update FTM requirements for lstat() + Michael Kerrisk + Split discussion of 'st_mode' fields into type and permissions + Michael Kerrisk + Move text on S_I*() macros to follow text on S_I* macros + That ordering is more logical + +stime.2 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype for stime() + The argument is const, both according to the actual header files and + according to <http://www.sco.com/developers/devspecs/vol1a.pdf>. + +syscall.2 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype for syscall() + The first argument and the return value of syscall() has type long, + not int. + +getopt.3 + Michael Kerrisk + EXAMPLE: Add subheadings to distinguish the two example programs + +malloc.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Reword text referring to mallopt(3) + Linux libc is no longer "recent"; drop mention of it. + +pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3 +pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 +pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3 +pthread_setaffinity_np.3 +pthread_setschedparam.3 +pthread_setschedprio.3 +pthread_yield.3 +pthreads.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Change references to "sched_setscheduler(2)" to "sched(7)" + Change consistent with the fact that the scheduling overview + page is now sched(7) not sched_setscheduler(2). + +pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions pthread_attr_setstackaddr() and + pthread_attr_getstackaddr() are thread safe. + +pthread_attr_setstacksize.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions pthread_attr_setstacksize() and + pthread_attr_getstacksize() are thread safe. + +pthread_kill.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function pthread_kill() is thread safe. + +pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function pthread_kill_other_threads_np() is thread safe. + +pthread_self.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function pthread_self() is thread safe. + +pthread_setcancelstate.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add paragraph breaks to "Asynchronous cancelability" subsection + +pthread_setcancelstate.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions pthread_setcancelstate() and + pthread_setcanceltype() are thread safe. + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: Add some subheadings + +pthread_setschedparam.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions pthread_setschedparam() and pthread_getschedparam() + are thread safe. + +pthread_setschedprio.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function pthread_setschedprio() is thread safe. + +pthread_sigmask.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function pthread_sigmask() is thread safe. + +pthread_sigqueue.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function pthread_sigqueue() is thread safe. + +pthread_testcancel.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function pthread_testcancel() is thread safe. + +pthread_yield.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function pthread_yield() is thread safe. + +remquo.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions remquo(), remquof() and remquol() are thread safe. + +rtime.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function rtime() is thread safe. + +sched_getcpu.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function sched_getcpu() is thread safe. + +stpcpy.3 + Ingo Schwarze + Note some history of stpcpy() + Quoting Ingo: + I just noticed that the stpcpy(3) manual contains a speculation + that appears to be untrue on closer investigation: That function + did not originate in MS DOS, but in Lattice C on AmigaDOS. + + Here is a patch against the git master HEAD to fix that, and add + some more historical information. To provide some background and + allow you to more easily verify the correctness of the patch, i'm + appending my mail to <misc@openbsd.org>, where i'm giving some + more details about the history and pointing to some primary + sources. That mail also contains the (similar, but shorter) + patch i just committed to the OpenBSD manual page. + +strcasecmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Aurelien Jarno, Török Edwin] + Explain why strcasecmp()+strncasecmp() are also declared in <string.h> + See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=729436 + +strcpy.3 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: Add a subheading + +fd.4 + Michael Kerrisk [Sam Varshavchik] + Fix floppy disk device names + The naming convention shown in the page was ancient. + Now, the page is consistent with Documentation/devices.txt + (where it is noted that "The use of the capital letters + D, H and E for the 3.5" models have been deprecated, since + the drive type is insignificant for these devices" + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/timer_stats + Michael Kerrisk + (Briefly) document /proc/timer_list + Michael Kerrisk + Add /proc/sys/kernel/{sched_rt_period_us,sched_rt_runtime_us} + Reference sched(7) for an explanation of these two files + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention sched_setattr(2) under CAP_SYS_NICE + +cpuset.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sched(7) + +credentials.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention sched_getattr() as a place where credentials are checked + +fanotify.7 + Heinrich Schuchardt [Jan Kara] + BUGS: error events can be lost when reading from fanotify FD + Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt] + Fix description of FAN_EVENT_NEXT() + FAN_EVENT_NEXT() does not update 'meta'; rather, it returns a + pointer to the next metadata structure. In addition, generally + rework the description to be a bit clearer and more detailed. + Heinrich Schuchardt + Document FAN_EVENT_METADATA_LEN + +ip.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note cases where an ephemeral port is used + Michael Kerrisk + Remove BUGS text on glibc failing to declare in_pktinfo + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify 'ip_local_port_range' and mention the term "ephemeral ports" + Michael Kerrisk + Note some more details about assignment of ephemeral ports + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: ephemeral port range exhaustion is diagnosed inconsistently + Different system calls use different 'errno' values to diagnose + exhaustion of the ephemeral port range. + +sched.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document sched_rt_period_us and sched_rt_runtime_us /proc files + And rework and relocate the text on dealing with runaway + real-time processes. + Michael Kerrisk + Mention sched_setattr(2) in list of APIs that can change policies + Michael Kerrisk + sched_setattr(2) can also be used to set 'nice' value + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mention of sched_setscheduler() when talking about sched_priority + There are nowadays multiple ways to set sched_priority (and + in fact there always were, since we also had sched_setparam(2)). + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Add Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt + Michael Kerrisk + Don't mention sched_setscheduler(2) in discussions of setting policies + In a couple of places, sched_setscheduler(2) is mentioned as the + way of setting policies. But now there is sched_setattr(2) as + well, rewrite the text in a more generic way. + Michael Kerrisk + Rework summary text describing sched_setattr(2) and sched_getattr(2) + Note that these APIs are a superset of sched_setscheduler(2) + and sched_getscheduler(2). + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty text relating to sched_setscheduler() + All of the removed text is in sched_setscheduler(2) and + should have been trimmed from this page. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: Mention more files in Documentation/scheduler/ directory + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.68 ==================== + +Released: 2014-05-28, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alastair McKinstry <mckinstry@computer.org> +Carsten Grohmann <carstengrohmann@gmx.de> +Colin Williams <colinwilliams1968@gmail.com> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Lars Wirzenius <liw@iki.fi> +Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Rasmus Villemoes <rv@rasmusvillemoes.dk> +Richard Braakman <richard.braakman@jollamobile.com> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +localedef.1 + Marko Myllynen, Richard Braakman, Alastair McKinstry, Lars Wirzenius + New page for localedef(1) + Add new page based on Debian localedef(1) page. + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +procfs.5 + New link to proc.5 + Since the term "procfs" is widely used, it seems reasonable to have + a link from that name to proc(5). + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +locale.1 + Marko Myllynen + Provide a step-by-step example of how to use a custom locale + Marko Myllynen + Use LC_TELEPHONE instead of LC_MESSAGES in the example + yesstr/nostr in LC_MESSAGES are planned to be changed at some + point [1], so it's better to provide an example which won't + be obsoleted by that change. + + [1] https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16975 + +adjtimex.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add feature test macro requirements + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add cross-reference to fork(2) for explanation of EAGAIN + +fork.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add pid_max and threads-max to EAGAIN + And rewrite text to be the same as pthread_create(3). + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + RLIMIT_NPROC is not enforced if CAP_SYS_ADMIN or CAP_SYS_RESOURCE + +remap_file_pages.2 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype + The pgoff argument has type size_t, not ssize_t (and in the + kernel it is unsigned long). + +set_mempolicy.2 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype for set_mempolicy(2) + The nodemask argument is const. The return type in numaif.h is long. + +swapon.2 + Rasmus Villemoes + Remove header from synopsis + The <asm/page.h> header is not readily available, and the comment + seems to indicate that it is for getting PAGE_SIZE. But it is + never mentioned why one would need to know that, and it is in any + case better obtained using sysconf(), provided by <unistd.h>. + +a64l.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype for a64l() + The argument is const, both according to POSIX and the + glibc headers. + +adjtime.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Add required header + The prototype for adjtime(3) is declared in <sys/time.h>. + +argz_add.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototypes + Update the prototypes of argz_{delete,extract,next} to agree with + glibc headers and manual. + +bstring.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototypes + The length parameter n has type size_t in bcmp(), bcopy() and + bzero(). + +envz_add.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototypes + The envz_len parameters for envz_entry() and envz_get() are not + passed by reference. + +fpathconf.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype + The path argument to pathconf() is const. + +fseek.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype + The pos argument to fsetpos() is const. + +gcvt.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype + The ndigit parameter to gcvt() has type int. + +getaddrinfo_a.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype + The pointer arguments to gai_suspend() are const. + +getauxval.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix permissions + There doesn't seem to be any reason for getauxval.3 to be + executable... + +getnameinfo.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype + The hostlen and servlen parameters have type socklen_t. + (The types changed in glibc 2.2) + Michael Kerrisk + Note types of 'hostlen'; and 'servlen' in glibc < 2.2 + +getrpcent.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype + The argument to getrpcbyname() is const. + +getrpcport.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Add #include and fix prototype + The prototype for getrpcport() is obtained by #include'ing + <rpc/rpc.h>. Also, update its prototype. + +getspnam.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype + The struct spwd argument to putspent() is const. + +getutent.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototypes + The arguments to getutid(), getutline(), and pututline() + are const. + +inet.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype + The parameters to inet_makeaddr have type in_addr_t. + +inet_net_pton.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + srcfix, cfix + Use a consistent style throughout the man-pages. + +key_setsecret.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototypes + Remove const qualifiers from arguments to key_decryptsession, + key_encryptsession, and key_setsecret. + +makecontext.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype + The second argument to swapcontext() is const. + +makedev.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype + gnu_dev_makedev, and hence its trivial macro wrapper makedev, takes + two unsigned int parameters; this is consistent with it being the + inverse of (gnu_dev_)major/minor, which return unsigned int. + +malloc_trim.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype + As mentioned further down, malloc_trim returns an integer. + +mq_getattr.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype + The newattr parameter to mq_setattr is const. + +newlocale.3 + Marko Myllynen + List all available category masks + Michael Kerrisk + Add LC_ALL_MASK description + +nl_langinfo.3 + Marko Myllynen + Expand the example code a bit + Better illustrate querying elements from different categories. + +perror.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix declaration + The elements of the array sys_errlist are also const. + +pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3 +pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3 +pthread_attr_setguardsize.3 +pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3 +pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 +pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3 +pthread_attr_setscope.3 +pthread_attr_setstack.3 +pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3 +pthread_attr_setstacksize.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Constify parameters + Each of the pthread_attr_get* functions extract some piece of + information from a pthread_attr_t, which is passed by const + reference. Add the const keyword to the prototypes of these + functions. + +pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes] + Add feature test macro requirements + +pthread_create.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Carsten Grohmann] + Add pid_max limit to EAGAIN error cases + +pthread_equal.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function pthread_equal() is thread safe. + +pthread_exit.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function pthread_exit() is thread safe. + +pthread_getcpuclockid.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function pthread_getcpuclockid() is thread safe. + +pthread_setaffinity_np.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions pthread_setaffinity_np() and + pthread_getaffinity_np() are thread safe. + +pthread_setconcurrency.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions pthread_setconcurrency() and + pthread_getconcurrency() are thread safe. + +pthread_setname_np.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype + The name parameter of pthread_getname_np is an output parameter and + hence not const. + +pthread_setschedparam.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototypes + Add return type for pthread_{s,g}etschedparam. + +pthread_setschedprio.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype + Add return type for pthread_setschedprio. + +pthread_sigqueue.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Add missing #include <signal.h> + +rcmd.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototypes + Unlike the BSDs, the second argument of rcmd() and rcmd_af() has + type unsigned short. + The first argument of iruserok_af() has type const void*. + +re_comp.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototypes + re_comp and re_exec take const char* arguments. + +resolver.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototypes and extern-declaration + Fix const- and signedness of various char* parameters. + + Also, there is no "struct state", but _res is a struct + __res_state. (Actually, _res is errno-like in that it is really a + macro expanding to (*__res_state()).) + +rexec.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototypes + The user, passwd and cmd arguments to rexec and rexec_af are all + const. + +rtime.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Replace header + The header <rpc/des_crypt.h> does not provide rtime(); + <rpc/auth_des.h> does, as is also implied in both the NOTES and + EXAMPLE sections. + +scandir.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototypes + The alphasort and versionsort functions take arguments of type + const struct dirent **, not const void *. + +setlocale.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen] + Simplify locale category listing and add GNU-specific locale categories + Some information that was here will move to locale(7). + Marko Myllynen + Remove now obsolete NOTES section + +setnetgrent.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype + The buflen argument to getnetgrent_r has type size_t. + +sigvec.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype + The vec argument to sigvec is const. + +tsearch.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Fix prototype + The rootp argument to tfind is "void * const *", + not "const void **". + +core.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Core dump files are nowadays core.pid by default + +locale.5 + Marko Myllynen + Document mon_grouping and grouping properly + Michael Kerrisk + Note default value for 'first_workday' + Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen] + Add brief descriptions of collating-element and collating-symbol + Marko Myllynen + t_fmt_ampm is needed only for locales that employ AM/PM convention + Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen] + Remove crufty reference to /usr/lib/nls/src + That file is nowhere to be found + Marko Myllynen + Clarify LC_TIME/am_pm and LC_NAME keywords usage + am_pm should be defined only if AM/PM convention is used to signal + applications they should not try to print them when using them in + unwanted. + + Same for all LC_NAME keywords expect for name_fmt which should be + always defined. + Marko Myllynen + Clarify lang_term / lang_lib + As noted by Keld Simonsen in the lib-locales@sourceware mailing + list: + + https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-locales/2014-q2/msg00008.html + From: Keld Simonsen <keld at rap dot rap dot dk> + To: Marko Myllynen <myllynen at redhat dot com> + Date: Tue, 29 Apr 2014 17:02:09 +0200 + + lang_term reflects ISO 639-2/T (terminology) codes, while + lang_lib reflects ISO 639-2/B (bibliographic) codes. + lang_term is preferred over lang_lib codes for locale names. + There are 20 specific ISO 639-2/B codes. + Marko Myllynen + Correct the FILES section + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + 'pid_max' is a system-wide limit on number of threads and processes + Since PIDs > /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max are not allocated, this + file thus also imposes a system-wide limit on the number of + threads and processes. + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows overriding RLIMIT_NPROC + Michael Kerrisk + CAP_SYS_PTRACE allows process_vm_readv(2) and process_vm_writev(2) + +charsets.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen] + Remove crufty statement that Romanian may be switching to ISO 8859-16 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove ancient paragraph on charsets supported in glibc 2.3.2 + That test is rather ancient, and probably of little use. + +fanotify.7 + Heinrich Schuchardt + Fix to example program: fanotify read() should use aligned buffer + +inotify.7 + Heinrich Schuchardt + Add example program + This example of the usage of the inotify API shows the + usage of inotify_init1(2) and inotify_add_watch(2) as well + as polling and reading from the inotify file descriptor. + Heinrich Schuchardt + munmap() does not generate inotify events + +locale.7 + Marko Myllynen [Michael Kerrisk] + Document the LOCPATH environment variable + Michael Kerrisk + Add further details on various categories + + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.69 ==================== + +Released: 2014-06-14, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz> +Jan Chaloupka <jchaloup@redhat.com> +Jeff Layton <jlayton@poochiereds.net> +Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> +KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> +Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz> +Qian Lei <qianl.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com> +Rasmus Villemoes <rv@rasmusvillemoes.dk> +Vasiliy Kulikov <segoon@openwall.com> +Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +iconv.1 + Marko Myllynen [Michael Kerrisk] + New page for the iconv(1) command + +iconvconfig.8 + Marko Myllynen + New page for iconvconfig(8) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +fcntl.2 + Jeff Layton, Michael Kerrisk + Document open file description locks + As provided by the fcntl() operations F_OFD_SETLK, + F_OFD_SETLKW, and F_OFD_GETLK + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +locale.1 + Marko Myllynen + Add FILES section, add charmap(5) reference + Marko Myllynen + Align with recent charmap(5) / repertoiremap(5) changes + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk [NeilBrown] + Before kernel 2.6.0, RLIMIT_NPROC had no effect for set*uid() + Michael Kerrisk [Vasiliy Kulikov] + RLIMIT_NPROC is checked only if preceded by set*uid() + Michael Kerrisk [Vasiliy Kulikov, NeilBrown, KOSAKI Motohiro] + Document EAGAIN error + See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42704 + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Detail the limitations of traditional (process-associated) locks + Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton] + Describe how to check whether the kernel supports a particular command + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EINVAL for invalid 'cmd' + Michael Kerrisk + Add para introducing advisory locks and noting existence of OFD locks + Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton] + Add notes on F_SETLKW deadlock detection and its limitations + Michael Kerrisk + Add an explicit note that mandatory locking is not in POSIX + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite introductory paragraphs on mandatory locking + Make the structure more logical, and also explicitly mention + OFD locks. + Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton] + Reword discussion of mandatory lock bug a little + Jeff Layton confirmed that the bug remains even in modern kernels. + Michael Kerrisk + Explain POSIX background to EACCES/EAGAIN error for F_GETLK + Michael Kerrisk + Add NOTES subhead for record locking and NFS + Michael Kerrisk [NeilBrown] + Note treatment of locks when an NFS client loses contact with the server + Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton] + nfsv4leasetime controls the "contact lost" interval for NFSv4 + +flock.2 + Michael Kerrisk + In some modern BSDs, fcntl() and flock() locks do interact + So, reword and extend the discussion of this topic in NOTES. + Michael Kerrisk + Move NOTES text describing implementation of flock() + Michael Kerrisk [NeilBrown] + Add more details on NFS, including Linux 2.6.37 changes + Also: move NOTES text describing interaction of fcntl() + and flock() locks. + +fork.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add notes on inheritance of flock() and OFD locks across fork() + +lseek.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to open(2) for discussion of file descriptors and OFDs + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework and extend the discussion of open file descriptions + +open_by_handle_at.2 + Rasmus Villemoes + Add reference to feature_test_macros(7) + +recvmmsg.2 + Rasmus Villemoes + Add reference to feature_test_macros(7) + +remap_file_pages.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Kirill A. Shutemov] + Note that remap_file_pages() is deprecated + +sendmmsg.2 + Rasmus Villemoes + Add reference to feature_test_macros(7) + +seteuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + seteuid() and setegid() are implemented as library functions + Michael Kerrisk + Error checking should always be performed, even when caller is UID 0 + +setresuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document EAGAIN error that can occur after kernel alloc_uid() failure + Michael Kerrisk + Since Linux 3.1, the EAGAIN case for RLIMIT_NPROC no longer occurs + Michael Kerrisk + Correct the description of the EAGAIN error + Michael Kerrisk + Error checking should always be performed, even when caller is UID 0 + +setreuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document EAGAIN error that can occur after kernel alloc_uid() failure + Michael Kerrisk + Error checking should always be performed, even when caller is UID 0 + Michael Kerrisk + Add EAGAIN error for hitting RLIMIT_NPROC limit + Michael Kerrisk + Since Linux 3.1, the EAGAIN case for RLIMIT_NPROC no longer occurs + +setuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document EAGAIN error that can occur after kernel alloc_uid() failure + Michael Kerrisk + Correct the description of the EAGAIN error + Michael Kerrisk + Error checking should always be performed, even when caller is UID 0 + Michael Kerrisk + Since Linux 3.1, the EAGAIN case for RLIMIT_NPROC no longer occurs + +statfs.2 + Cyril Hrubis + Update MAGIC constants + Most of the updates are taken from /usr/include/linux/magic.h, + some were found by grepping the Linux source code. + Cyril Hrubis [Michael Kerrisk] + fstatfs(2) was broken on file descriptors from pipe(2) + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that remap_file_pages() is deprecated + +basename.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions basename() and dirname() are thread safe. + +catgets.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function catgets() is thread safe. + +getdate.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Use blank definition of _GNU_SOURCE in example program + +getdirentries.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function getdirentries() is thread safe. + +getdtablesize.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function getdtablesize() is thread safe. + +iconv.3 + Qian Lei [Peng Haitao] + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function iconv() is thread safe. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add iconvconfig(8) + +lockf.3 + Qian Lei [Peng Haitao] + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function lockf() is thread safe. + +malloc_get_state.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + SYNOPSIS: use correct header + The nonstandard functions malloc_set_state() and + malloc_get_state() are provided by <malloc.h> not <stdlib.h>. + +malloc_usable_size.3 + Qian Lei + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function malloc_usable_size() is thread safe. + +matherr.3 + Qian Lei [Peng Haitao] + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function matherr() is thread safe. + +mkdtemp.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function mkdtemp() is thread safe. + +mkstemp.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions mkstemp(), mkostemp(), mkstemps() and mkostemps() + are thread safe. + +mq_close.3 + Qian Lei + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function mq_close() is thread safe. + +mq_getattr.3 + Qian Lei + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The functions mq_getattr() and mq_setattr() are thread safe. + +mq_open.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function mq_open() is thread safe. + +mq_receive.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions mq_receive() and mq_timedreceive() are thread safe. + +mq_send.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions mq_send() and mq_timedsend() are thread safe. + +mq_unlink.3 + Qian Lei + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function mq_unlink() is thread safe. + +posix_fallocate.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function posix_fallocate() is thread safe. + +posix_openpt.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function posix_openpt() is thread safe. + +siginterrupt.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + The function siginterrupt() is not thread safe. + +system.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function system() is thread safe. + +charmap.5 + Marko Myllynen + Update to match current glibc + charmap(5) was outdated, bring it to closer to reality by fixing + syntax descriptions to match current glibc code and practices, + adding missing options, removing obsolete comments and references, + and removing now incorrect examples. + +locale.5 + Marko Myllynen + Clarify AM/PM settings a bit + localedef(1) complains if really undefined, should be empty instead. + Also: add some SEE ALSO references. + Marko Myllynen + Document glibc conventions regarding days and week + Based on existing practice and glibc community wiki page at + https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Locales + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Jan Chaloupka, Walter Harms] + Add a brief description of /proc/fs + +repertoiremap.5 + Marko Myllynen + New page for repertoiremap(5) + Rather obsolete feature but localedef(1) refers to repertoiremaps. + +bootparam.7 + Petr Gajdos + Describe 'rootflags' and 'rootdelay' kernel parameters + Patch based on text from Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt + +charsets.7 + Marko Myllynen + Update to reflect past developments + Rewrite the introduction to make Unicode's prominence more obvious. + Reformulate parts of the text to reflect current Unicode world. + Minor clarification for ASCII/ISO sections, some other minor fixes. + Marko Myllynen + List CJK encodings in the order of C, J, K + +environ.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add env(1), printenv(1), ld.so(8) + +locale.7 + Marko Myllynen + Add some SEE ALSO references + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that .TH 'date' field is nowadays automatically updated by scripts + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe EINTR semantics for recvmmsg(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify text describing EINTR semantics for socket interfaces + +unicode.7 + Marko Myllynen + Update to reflect past developments + The unicode(7) page will look more modern with few small changes: + + - drop old BUGS section, editors cope with UTF-8 ok these days, + and perhaps the state-of-the-art is better described elsewhere + anyway than in a man page + - drop old suggestion about avoiding combined characters + - refer to LANANA for Linux zone, add registry file reference + - drop a reference to an inactive/dead mailing list + - update some reference URLs + +utf-8.7 + Marko Myllynen + Drop an old comment about UTF-8 replacing ISO 8859 + And add locale(1) under SEE ALSO. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.70 ==================== + +Released: 2014-07-08, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il> +NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de> +Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> +Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Tomi Salminen <tlsalmin@gmail.com> +Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> +Кирилл <kirillnow@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +sprof.1 + Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen] + New page for the glibc sprof(1) command + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +epoll_ctl.2 + NeilBrown + Document EPOLLWAKEUP + +epoll.7 + NeilBrown + Document EPOLLWAKEUP + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +iconv.1 +iconvconfig.8 + Marko Myllynen + Clarify gconv file terminology a bit + +ldd.1 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sprof(1) + +connect.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EPROTOTYPE + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=708394 + +dup.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] + Fix erroneous discussion regarding closing 'newfd' before calling dup2() + And propose a workaround if the caller cares about catching + close() time errors. + + See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/23440216/race-condition-when-using-dup2#comment36888604_23444465 + and http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=411 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework and enhance discussion of dup2() + In particular, note that dup2() performs the steps of closing + and reusing 'newfd' atomically. + Michael Kerrisk + Add subhead for dup3() + +epoll_ctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: EPOLLWAKEUP is silently ignored without CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND + If the caller does not have CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND, then EPOLLWAKEUP + is silently ignored. + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Tomi Salminen] + The return value for F_SETPIPE_SZ is the pipe capacity + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: Document ENOTDIR error for F_NOTIFY + Michael Kerrisk + Use proper page cross-references in F_NOTIFY discussion + Michael Kerrisk + Suggest the use of real-time signals with F_NOTIFY + +getitimer.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite a few pieces to clarify some details + +inotify_add_watch.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that the target of a watch is an i-node + The target of a watch is an i-node, not a pathname. Clarify + the text to prevent the reader possibly misunderstanding + that establishing watches by two different links to the same + file might create different watch descriptors. + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Кирилл] + O_CLOEXEC is also one the flags not ignored when O_PATH is specified + +pipe.2 + Elie De Brauwer + PIPE_BUF is defined in limits.h + To make use of PIPE_BUF in an application one should include + <limits.h>. Adding a reference to this inclusion. + +poll.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El] + The negate-fd-to-ignore technique does not work for file descriptor 0 + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=79411 + +set_tid_address.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] + Use "thread" rather than "process" in DESCRIPTION + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add gettid(2) + +shmop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Explain SHMLBA in much more detail + +splice.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document EAGAIN error + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=48641 + +syscalls.2 + Carlos O'Donell + Add prlimit64(2) + While trying to reconcile the new features in glibc with the + documented entries in the linux kernel man pages I noticed that + glibc exports prlimit64 for use by 32-bit applications (as does + the linux kernel), but that prlimit64 was not defined in the + syscalls list or in the prlimit-related page. + + This is not the complete fix for this, but I don't have the time + to explain why and when prlimit64 should be used (or how it should + be used safely). Therefore I'm just patching the syscalls.2 list + to show that prlimit64 exists and was added in 2.6.36 (verified + with git by checking out the tags before and after). + +syslog.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework introductory paragraph + Michael Kerrisk [Robert P. J. Day] + Rework text describing loglevels + The kernel header file mentioned in the discussion of the KERN_* + constants has morphed and is no longer exported inside glibc. + And the definitions of the constants themselves changed subtly + with kernel commit 04d2c8c83d0e3ac5f78aeede51babb3236200112. + So, rewrite the description of the constants to be a bit more + abstract. + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite parts of the page, and import /proc/sys/kernel/printk + * Move /proc/sys/kernel/printk from proc(5) to this page, + and correct various details in the discussion of that file. + * Rewrite and correct various other details on the page. + * Clean out some crufty text. + * Miscellaneous minor fixes. + Michael Kerrisk + Update SYSLOG_ACTION_CONSOLE_OFF + SYSLOG_ACTION_CONSOLE_ON description + Details changed in Linux 2.6.32 + +tee.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document EAGAIN error + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=48641 + +vmsplice.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document EAGAIN error + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=48641 + +ether_aton.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Make description of ether_line() bug a little more informative + +mallopt.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] + MALLOC_MMAP_THRESHOLD_ and MALLOC_MMAP_MAX_ *do* work in setgid programs + My testing on this point was bogus, overlooking details of + strace(1)'s behavior with setuid programs. + + See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12155 + +printf.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] + Remove libc4 and libc5 details + Rich Felker noted that "scare text" in the man page warned about + the use of snprintf() on libc, and that some people had cited + this as a reason not to use snprintf(). Linux libc is now + ancient history, so there is no real need to keep that text. + But, while we're at it, we may as well clear out all of the + other ancient libc4 and libc5 pieces in the page. They are + nowadays more clutter than help. + Michael Kerrisk + SUSv3 and later agree with C99 for the snprintf() return value + Determined by inspection of the SUSv3 and SUSv4 specifications. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove some old text about glibc 2.0 changes + We probably don't now need such ancient info. + Michael Kerrisk + Update references to standards for C and S conversion specifiers + +profil.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sprof(1) + +charmap.5 + Marko Myllynen + Various minor updates and improvements + - more precise title + - extend description a bit + - document previously omitted WIDTH_DEFAULT + Marko Myllynen + Remove accidental ISO C compliance reference + glibc refers in locale/programs/charmap.c to ISO C 99 section + 7.17.(2) and ISO C 99 section 5.2.1.(3) that if a character map + is not ASCII compatible then the locale using it is not ISO C + compliant. This does not state anything about the character set + itself. + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Replace /proc/sys/kernel/printk discussion with reference to syslog(2) + It makes more sense to have the /proc/sys/kernel/printk with + the related material in syslog(2). + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite /proc/sys/kernel/printk description + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify which events are generated for watched directories + Really, with respect to watched directories, events fall into + three classes (not two, as was shown): + + * Events that can be generated only for the watched directory. + * Events that can be generated only for objects that are inside + the watched directory. + * Events that can be generated both for the watched directory + and for objects inside the directory. + + So, mark these three classes more clearly in the list of inotify + events. + Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk] + BUGS: Note possible bug triggered by watch descriptor reuse + Watch descriptor IDs are returned by inotify_add_watch(). + When calling inotify_rm_watch() an IN_IGNORED is placed on the + inotify queue pointing to the ID of the removed watch. + + inotify_add_watch() should not return a watch descriptor ID for + which events are still on the queue but should return an + unused ID. + + Unfortunately, the existing Kernel code does not provide such a + guarantee. + + Actually, in rare cases watch descriptor IDs are returned by + inotify_add_watch() for which events are still on the inotify + queue. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=77111 + Michael Kerrisk + Add further detail to the watch descriptor reuse bug + As well as inotify_rm_watch(), file deletion and unmounting a + filesystem can also cause a watch descriptor to be deleted. + Michael Kerrisk + The watch descriptor reuse bug may be hard to hit in practice + Explain the circumstances in detail, indicating that the + bug may be very unlikely to occur in practice. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify description of IN_EXCL_UNLINK + Clarify the text a little, in particular making it clearer + that the target of a watch is an i-node (not a pathname). + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify IN_ONESHOT explanation + Make it clearer that the target of monitoring is an i-node, + not a pathname. + Michael Kerrisk + Make comment on 'mask' field more accurate + +libc.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify man-pages policy on documenting C libraries other than glibc + Michael Kerrisk + Use absolute dates in discussion of libc vs glibc + +pipe.7 + Elie De Brauwer + Add reference that the pipe capacity can be changed + In fcntl(2) F_SETPIPE_SZ, F_GETPIPE_SZ and + /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size are defined, however + pipe(7) still defines the pipe capacity as being + a static entity. Adding a reference to fcntl(2). + Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms] + Clarify that since 2.6.35, 65535 bytes is the default pipe capacity + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that LD_PROFILE can specify just a single shared object + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that LD_PROFILE output is appended to target file + The LD_PROFILE output is appended to any existing + contents of the target file. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sprof(1) + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.71 ==================== + +Released: 2014-08-17, Chicago + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org> +Damir Nedzibovic <d.nedzibovic@anoxtech.com> +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +D. Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@debian.org> +Jan Chaloupka <jchaloup@redhat.com> +Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de> +Paul Jackson <pj@usa.net> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Rahul Bedarkar <rahulbedarkar89@gmail.com> +Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> +Ryan Hammonds <rhammonds@unicoi.com> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Ville Ylenius <ville@ylenius.net> +Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +group_member.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting group_member(3) + +isfdtype.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting isfdtype(3) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver + Document new comm_exec flag + Linux 3.16 (more specifically, commit 82b897782d10fcc4 ) + added support for differentiating between process renames + caused by exec versus those caused by other methods. + Vince Weaver + Document new mmap2 record type + Linux 3.16 (more specifically, commit a5a5ba72843dd05f9 ) + enabled the enhanced mmap2 record support. + The interface was added in Linux 3.12 but disabled until + Linux 3.16. + Vince Weaver + Document PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND + Linux 3.16 (more specifically, commit bac52139f0b7ab31330 ) + adds support for gathering PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND + conditional branch values when doing PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK + sampling. + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/PID/comm + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/PID/pagemap + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/PID/personality + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/PID/syscall + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/kpagecount + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/kpageflags + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_kbytes + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add CAP_AUDIT_READ + CAP_AUDIT_READ is new in Linux 3.16. + + +Global changes +-------------- + +ldd.1 +clone.2 +execve.2 +getpagesize.2 +ioperm.2 +msgop.2 +readv.2 +recv.2 +select.2 +send.2 +seteuid.2 +shmop.2 +signal.2 +sync.2 +sysinfo.2 +utime.2 +abs.3 +atoi.3 +catopen.3 +clearenv.3 +ctime.3 +des_crypt.3 +ecvt.3 +flockfile.3 +fseeko.3 +ftime.3 +ftok.3 +ftw.3 +getcwd.3 +getdtablesize.3 +getline.3 +getpass.3 +getpass.3 +getutent.3 +glob.3 +insque.3 +lseek64.3 +memmem.3 +mkstemp.3 +mktemp.3 +on_exit.3 +openpty.3 +putenv.3 +putenv.3 +qecvt.3 +realpath.3 +realpath.3 +remove.3 +setbuf.3 +sigpause.3 +strftime.3 +strptime.3 +tzset.3 +xcrypt.3 +utmp.5 +environ.7 +ipv6.7 +packet.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove ancient Linux libc details + +access.2 +brk.2 +chmod.2 +eventfd.2 +gethostname.2 +getpriority.2 +mmap.2 +poll.2 +ptrace.2 +readv.2 +sched_setaffinity.2 +select.2 +seteuid.2 +signalfd.2 +sync_file_range.2 +timer_create.2 +uname.2 +wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +access.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Glibc falls back to using access() on kernels that lack faccessat() + +bdflush.2 +fsync.2 +sync.2 +proc.5 + Adrian Bunk + Change "sync(1)" to "sync(8)" + +bind.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Ryan Hammonds] + Correct EINVAL error description + As pointed out by Ryan: + + My application is trying to bind an IPv4 UDP socket to an + address. I've found that passing an invalid address length + to bind() causes bind to return EINVAL. According to the + bind(2) manpage, this should only occur when using unix + domain sockets (which I am not). + +chmod.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Glibc falls back to chmod() on kernels that don't support fchmodat() + Michael Kerrisk + Glibc falls back to chown()/lchown() on kernels that lack fchownat() + +epoll_wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: describe raw epoll_pwait() system call differences + +getgroups.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add group_member(3) + +getpriority.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Enhance discussion of kernel nice range versus user-space nice range + Michael Kerrisk + Move text describing nice range on other systems + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add cross reference to core(5) in discussion of RLIMIT_CORE + Michael Kerrisk + Describe the "large" resource limit bug on 32-bit platforms + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5042. + Michael Kerrisk + Glibc's setrlimit() and getrlimit() are implemented using prlimit() + +kexec_load.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note limit of 16 for 'nr_segments' + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify the 'flags' bits that contain the architecture + Michael Kerrisk + Add KEXEC_ARCH_68K to list of architectures for 'flags' + Michael Kerrisk + Reword description of 'flags' a little + +link.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Glibc falls back to link() on kernels that lack linkat() + Unless 'flags' contains AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW. + +mkdir.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Glibc falls back to mkdir() on kernels that don't support mkdirat() + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver + Clarify PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER usage + This clarifies the PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER section. + I found these issue while implementing some code that uses + the option. The important change is fixing the name of the + sample_stack_user parameter, the rest is just some wording + fixes and minor clarifications. + Vince Weaver + Clarify PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC usage + When checking the fields in the PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC type samples + you need to shift the masks before doing the compare. + + Although the value you are checking (perf_mem_data_src) is + specified as a bitfield so this might all fall apart if trying + to access the field in a cross-endian way. The Power people + were working on this issue, not sure if they resolved it. + +poll.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe fifth argument (sigsetsize) of raw ppoll() system call + +process_vm_readv.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Ville Ylenius] + Fix typo in example program + +readlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Glibc falls back to readlink() on kernels that lack readlinkat() + +recv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + 'addrlen' should be NULL (not 0) if we don't need sender address + +rename.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Glibc falls back to rename() when the kernel doesn't have renameat() + +sigwaitinfo.2 + Michael Kerrisk + The raw sigtimedwait() system call has a fifth argument + +symlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Glibc falls back to symlink() on kernels that lack symlinkat() + +sysinfo.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add VERSIONS section + +unlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Glibc falls back to unlink() or rmdir() on kernels that lack unlinkat() + +atoi.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Downgrade discussion of atoq() + Remove most references to atoq() in this page, since this function + was present only in Linux libc (not glibc). + +cerf.3 +cexp2.3 +clog2.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Update version number on "Not yet in glibc" sentence + +fgetgrent.3 +getgrent.3 +getgrent_r.3 +getgrnam.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley] + Clarify that 'gr_mem' is a NULL-terminated array of pointers + +fseeko.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add VERSIONS section + +ftw.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add VERSIONS section + +getauxval.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document ENOENT error + And add an entry to BUGS explaining the ambiguity that was + present before the addition of this error. + +getgrouplist.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add group_member(3) + +getline.3 + Rahul Bedarkar + Close opened file at end of example program + +memmem.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite text of glibc 2.0 bug + +printf.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk] + Clarify details of the %n conversion specifier + See http://bugs.debian.org/756602 + Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk] + Note use of 'j', 'z', and 't' length modifiers for '%n' + See http://bugs.debian.org/756602 + Michael Kerrisk + Update with some SUSv3 details + +setbuf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove ancient Linux libc and 4.x BSD details + +strstr.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove discussion of Linux libc bugs + Linux libc is old enough that we needn't care any longer. + +strtod.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Explain NAN(n-char-sequence) + +strtod.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add nan(3), nanf(3), NANL(3) + +updwtmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Replace AVAILABILITY section with note to link logwtmp() using -lutil + Linux libc details are no longer needed these days. + +core.5 + Rahul Bedarkar + Close opened file in example program + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix kernel version numbers for /proc/PID/stat fields + +proc.5 + Jan Chaloupka + Add missing proc stats fields + Adding missing proc stats fields from + https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt + Michael Kerrisk [Simon Paillard] + Remove crufty text under 'timer_stats' + Michael Kerrisk + Update /proc/PID/stat 'state' field documentation + Michael Kerrisk + Improve description of /proc/PID/stat fields added in Linux 3.3 and 3.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to getauxval(3) in discussion of /proc/PID/auxv + Michael Kerrisk + Rework formatting of /proc/PID/stat list + Make the field numbers more prominent. + Michael Kerrisk + Note that /proc/PID/cmdline is read-only + Michael Kerrisk + Rework discussion of CommitLimit and /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory + Michael Kerrisk + Improve discussion of /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_ratio + +charsets.7 + David Prévot [Marko Myllynen] + Tidy up list + Remove German from main list, to be consistent with earlier + removal of Dutch and French (in commit a8ed5f7430e0d1). + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that IN_ONLY_DIR can be used to avoid races + Michael Kerrisk + Note that insertion of IN_MOVED_FROM+IN_MOVED_TO pair is not atomic + Michael Kerrisk + Mention use of timeout when reading IN_MOVED_TO after IN_MOVED_FROM + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add description of "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection + Michael Kerrisk + Rework text describing sections (stylistic improvements) + +vdso.7 + Mike Frysinger + Add new i386 vdso symbols in Linux 3.15 + Michael Kerrisk + Note kernel version that exports new i386 symbols (Linux 3.15) + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.72 ==================== + +Released: 2014-09-07, Mountain View + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Christian von Roques <roques@mti.ag> +Holger Hans Peter Freyther <holger@moiji-mobile.com> +Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com> +Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> +Sorin Dumitru <sdumitru@ixiacom.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +memusage.1 + Peter Schiffer, Michael Kerrisk [Jan Chaloupka] + New page for glibc memusage(1) command + +memusagestat.1 + Peter Schiffer [Jan Chaloupka, Michael Kerrisk] + New page for glibc memusagestat(1) command + +mtrace.1 + Peter Schiffer [Jan Chaloupka] + New page describing the glibc mtrace(1) command + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +connect.2 + Michael Haardt + Note that a new socket should be used if connect() fails + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + One must define _GNU_SOURCE to get the F_OFD_* definitions + +poll.2, select.2 + Rusty Russell + Fix erroneous description of "available for write". + POSIX says: "POLLOUT Normal data may be written without + blocking.". This "may" is misleading, see the POSIX + write page: + + Write requests to a pipe or FIFO shall be handled in the + same way as a regular file with the following exceptions: + ... + If the O_NONBLOCK flag is clear, a write request may cause + the thread to block, but on normal completion it shall + return nbyte. + ... + When attempting to write to a file descriptor (other than a + pipe or FIFO) that supports non-blocking writes and cannot + accept the data immediately: + + If the O_NONBLOCK flag is clear, write() shall block the + calling thread until the data can be accepted. + + If the O_NONBLOCK flag is set, write() shall not block the + thread. If some data can be written without blocking the + thread, write() shall write what it can and return the + number of bytes written. Otherwise, it shall return -1 and + set errno to [EAGAIN]. + + The net result is that write() of more than 1 byte on a + socket, pipe or FIFO which is "ready" may block: write() + (unlike read!) will attempt to write the entire buffer and + only return a short write under exceptional circumstances. + + Indeed, this is the behaviour we see in Linux: + + https://github.com/rustyrussell/ccan/commit/897626152d12d7fd13a8feb36989eb5c8c1f3485 + https://plus.google.com/103188246877163594460/posts/BkTGTMHDFgZ + +errno.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add errno(1) + +rtnetlink.3 + Holger Hans Peter Freyther + Fix parameters for the send() call in the example + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk + IN_OPEN and IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE can also occur for directories + Michael Kerrisk + IN_CLOSE_WRITE occurs only for files (not monitored directory) + Michael Kerrisk + IN_MODIFY is generated for files only (not monitored directories) + Michael Kerrisk + IN_ACCESS occurs only for files inside directories + IN_ACCESS does not occur for monitored directory. + +packet.7 + Sorin Dumitru + Fix include file + It looks like most of the socket options from this man pages + are not defined in <netpacket/packet.h>. They are defined in + <linux/if_packet.h> so we should include that one. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.73 ==================== + +Released: 2014-09-21, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +David Prévot <taffit@debian.org> +Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> +J. Bruce Fields <bfields@fieldses.org> +Justin Cormack <justin@street-vision.com> +Lorenzo Beretta <lory.fulgi@infinito.it> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> +Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com> +Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com> +Vasily Kulikov <segoon@openwall.com> +Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net> +Vitaly Rybnikov <frodox@zoho.com> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman] + New page providing overview of Linux namespaces + +pid_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman, Vasily Kulikov, Rob Landley, + Serge Hallyn] + New page describing PID namespaces + +user_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman, Andy Lutomirski, Serge Hallyn] + New page describing user namespaces. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +clone.2 + Eric W. Biederman [Michael Kerrisk] + Document CLONE_NEWUSER for creating a new user namespace + +setns.2 + Eric W. Biederman, Michael Kerrisk + Document the PID, user, and mount namespace support + Document CLONE_NEWPID, CLONE_NEWUSER, and CLONE_NEWNS flags. + +unshare.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman] + Document CLONE_NEWPID + Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman] + Document CLONE_NEWUSER + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLONE_THREAD, CLONE_SIGHAND, and CLONE_VM + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Move some CLONE_NEWNET text to namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Move some CLONE_NEWUTS text 2 to namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Move some CLONE_NEWIPC text to namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Reword discussion of CLONE_NEWNS, removing text also in namespaces(7) + Michael Kerrisk + Standardize text on CLONE_NEW* flags and CAP_SYS_ADMIN + Michael Kerrisk + EINVAL if (CLONE_NEWUSER|CLONE_NEWPID) && (CLONE_THREAD|CLONE_PARENT) + Michael Kerrisk + Add more detail on the meaning of CLONE_SYSVSEM + +flock.2 + Michael Kerrisk [J. Bruce Fields] + Don't mention "classical BSD" in discussion of fcntl()/flock interaction + The noninteraction of flock(2) and fcntl(2) locks does + not seem to be classical BSD semantics (at least, checking + the 4.4BSD sources suggest that the lock types do interact, + although there have been other systems also where fcntl() + and flock() locks do not interact). So, fix the text + discussing "classical BSD" lock semantics. + +getunwind.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Yuri Kozlov] + Fix description of return value + s/size of unwind table/size of the unwind data/ + +mount.2 + Eric W. Biederman + Clarify use of 'mountflags' and 'data' for MS_REMOUNT + +reboot.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Justin Cormack, Eric W. Biederman] + Document effect of reboot() inside PID namespaces + +semop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to clone(2) for semantics of CLONE_SYSVSEM and semadj lists + +seteuid.2 +setgid.2 +setresuid.2 +setreuid.2 +setuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + EINVAL can occur if UID/GID is not valid in caller's user namespace + +setns.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman] + Clarify capabilities required for reassociating with a mount namespace + Michael Kerrisk + Specify kernel version on each CLONE_NEW* flag + And remove text on flags from VERSIONS. + +unshare.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add an example program + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify semantics of CLONE_SYSVSEM + Michael Kerrisk + CLONE_SYSVSEM does not require CAP_SYS_ADMIN + Michael Kerrisk + Note flags implied by CLONE_THREAD and CLONE_VM + +clock.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre] + The implementation uses clock_gettime() was to improve *accuracy* + (The man page text mistakenly used the word "precision".) + +drand48.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Lorenzo Beretta] + Remove crufty text about SVID 3 marking drand48() obsolete + See http://bugs.debian.org/758293 + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Move /proc/[pid]/mounts text to namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Move /proc/[pid]/mountstats text to namespaces.7 + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to user_namespaces(7) for a discussion of capabilities + Michael Kerrisk + Document CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID for user namespace mappings + Michael Kerrisk + setns() needs CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the *target* namespace + Michael Kerrisk + Since Linux 3.8, user namespaces no longer require CAP_SYS_ADMIN + +mq_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to namespaces(7) for info on POSIX MQs and IPC namespaces + +svipc.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to namespaces(7) for info on System V IPC and IPC namespaces + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.74 ==================== + +Released: 2014-10-03, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Arto Bendiken <arto@bendiken.net> +Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk> +Benjamin Herr <ben@0x539.de> +C. Alex North-Keys <erlkonig@talisman.org> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz> +Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> +Doug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com> +Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Lanchon <lanchon@gmail.com> +Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com> +Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Shriramana Sharma <samjnaa@gmail.com> +Thomas Mack <mack@ifis.cs.tu-bs.de> +Wieland Hoffmann <themineo@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +pldd.1 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pldd(1) command added to glibc in version 2.15 + +cp1252.7 + Marko Myllynen + New page documenting CP 1252 + CP 1252 is probably one of the most used Windows Code Pages so + let's add a page for it alongside with the already provided + CP 1251 page. + + Table generated from /usr/share/i18n/charmaps/CP1252. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +mq_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msgsize_default + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msg_default + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +ldd.1 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pldd(1) + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk [C. Alex North-Keys] + Remove unneeded ".sh" extension in interpreter script example + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=84701 + +fanotify_init.2 + Heinrich Schuchardt + BUGS: O_CLOEXEC is ignored + Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt] + The 'event_f_flags' failure to check invalid flags was fixed in 3.15 + +fanotify_mark.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that various bugs were fixed in Linux 3.16 + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Doug Ledford] + Since Linux 3.5, the accounting formula for RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE has changed + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Shriramana Sharma] + Fix number and formula in description of EOVERFLOW error + +readlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Ben Hutchings] + Fix description of readlinkat() with empty 'pathname' + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add realpath(3) + +sched_setattr.2 +sched_setscheduler.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add chrt(1) + +shmget.2 + Manfred Spraul [Michael Kerrisk, Davidlohr Bueso] + Update for increase of SHMALL and SHMMAX + The default values of SHMALL and SHMMAX have been increased. + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add 3 new system calls added in Linux 3.17 + +vmsplice.2 + Cyril Hrubis + vmsplice() does not fail when nr_segs==0 + This nr_segs==0 case is no-op; the call succeeds and no + EINVAL error is returned. + +dlopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pldd(1) + +fseeko.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Mack] + _FILE_OFFSET_BITS must be defined before including any header file + +getgrent.3 + Carlos O'Donell + Add ENOENT and EAGAIN to error list + +mq_getattr.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add an example program + The example program can be used to discover the default + 'mq_maxmsg' and 'mq_msgsize' values used to create a queue with + a mq_open(3) call in which 'attr' is NULL. + +mq_open.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Two /proc files control the defaults for the attrp==NULL case + Refer the reader to the discussion in mq_overview(7) for a + discussion of these files, which exist since Linux 3.5. + +realpath.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add realpath(1) + +proc.5 + Elie De Brauwer + Document /proc/buddyinfo + This patch adds a short description about the contents of + /proc/buddyinfo and how this file can be used to assist + in checking for memory fragmentation issues. + Michael Kerrisk + Mention pmap(1) in discussion of /proc/PID/smaps + +armscii-8.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + +ascii.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + This and [the related *.7] patches will provide unification of + charset pages, minor cleanups, and some unifying cosmetic + changes. References are adjusted so that all pages include + a reference to charsets(7), which contains a description of + these sets, stray comments are removed, some obsolete + statements (like ISO 8859-1 being the de-facto ASCII + replacement) are removed, and some minor reformatting + to minimize diff's between the pages are done. + + The actual substance, the character tables, remain unchanged. + + This series changes the following pages (under man7): ascii, + armscii, cp1251, koi8-r, koi8-u, and all of iso_8859-*. + +cp1251.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + +iso_8859-10.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + +iso_8859-11.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + +iso_8859-13.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + +iso_8859-14.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + +iso_8859-15.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + +iso_8859-16.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + +iso_8859-1.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + +iso_8859-2.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + +iso_8859-3.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + +iso_8859-4.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + +iso_8859-5.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + +iso_8859-6.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + +iso_8859-7.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + +iso_8859-8.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + +iso_8859-9.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + +koi8-r.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + - remove stray comments, streamline description + (charsets(7) and Wikipedia provide more detailed + and up-to-date description) + - list differences between koi8-r.7 vs koi8-u.7 + +koi8-u.7 + Marko Myllynen + Charset pages unification, minor cleanups + - remove stray comments, streamline description + (charsets(7) and Wikipedia provide more detailed + and up-to-date description) + - list differences between koi8-r.7 vs koi8-u.7 + +mq_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Update queues_max details for Linux 3.14 + And in general rework the text a little. + Michael Kerrisk + Update discussion of HARD_MSGMAX + The limit has changed in 2.6.33 and then again in 3.5. + Michael Kerrisk [Arto Bendiken] + Update details for 'queues_max' limit + Things changed in Linux 3.5. + See https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1155695 + Michael Kerrisk + Update details on defaults and ceiling for 'msgsize_max' limit + Michael Kerrisk + Rework discussion of HARD_MSGMAX + Michael Kerrisk [Davidlohr Bueso] + Various fixes after review from Davidlohr Bueso + +sched.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add taskset(1) + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pldd(1) + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add dlopen(3) + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ld(1) + + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.75 ==================== + +Released: 2014-10-15, Düsseldorf + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Robert Schweikert <rjschwei@suse.com> +Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp> +Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3 + Robert Schweikert [Michael Kerrisk] + New page documenting pthread_rwlockattr_[sg]etkind_np(3) + Documents pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np(3) and + pthread_rwlockattr_getkind_np(3). + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +pthread_rwlockattr_getkind_np.3 + Robert Schweikert + New link to pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np(3) + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +readlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] + Add free() call to example program + +readv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + The raw preadv() and pwritev() syscalls split 'offset' into 2 arguments + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + pthread_mutex_lock() and pthread_cond_wait() are restartable + pthread_mutex_lock(, pthread_cond_wait(), and related APIs are + automatically restarted if interrupted by a signal handler. + +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell, David Miller, Tetsuo Handa] + Various additions and rewordings + Notable changes: + * Clarify some details for pathname sockets. + * Add some advice on portably coding with pathname sockets. + * Note the "buggy" behavior for pathname sockets when + the supplied pathname is 108 bytes (after a report by + Tetsuo Handa). + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.76 ==================== + +Released: 2014-12-31, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Adam Jiang <jiang.adam@gmail.com> +Andrea Balboni <andrea.balboni@unimore.it> +Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de> +Bernhard Walle <bernhard@bwalle.de> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +David Wragg <david@wragg.org> +Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Huxiaoxiang <huxiaoxiang@huawei.com> +Jan Chaloupka <jchaloup@redhat.com> +Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com> +Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> +Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> +Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr> +Manuel López-Ibáñez <lopezibanez@gmail.com> +Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com> +Ma Shimiao <mashimiao.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com> +Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> +Michael Gehring <mg@ebfe.org> +Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Rasmus Villemoes <rv@rasmusvillemoes.dk> +Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> +Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> +Scott Harvey <scott.harvey@stonybrook.edu> +Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh.poyarekar@gmail.com> +Simon Newton <nomis52@gmail.com> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Sven Hoexter <sven@stormbind.net> +Tobias Werth <werth@cs.fau.de> +Weijie Yang <weijie.yang.kh@gmail.com> +Will Newton <will.newton@linaro.org> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> +刘湃 <liupai_work@163.com> +尹杰 <writalnaie@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +adjtimex.2 + Laurent Georget + Add fields in struct timex description + This patch updates the man page with the new fields added in + struct timex since last edition of the man page. + Laurent Georget [Michael Kerrisk] + Document ADJ_TAI + Michael Kerrisk + Improve description of ADJ_OFFSET_SINGLESHOT + Michael Kerrisk + Add brief documentation of ADJ_MICRO and ADJ_NANO + Michael Kerrisk + Reformat return value list + And remove numeric values, since they're not needed + Michael Kerrisk + Other 'modes' bits are ignored on ADJ_OFFSET_* + Other bits in 'modes' are ignored if modes contains + ADJ_OFFSET_SINGLESHOT or ADJ_OFFSET_SS_READ. + Michael Kerrisk + Add nanosecond details + Fixes https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=61171. + Michael Kerrisk + Document ADJ_OFFSET_SS_READ + Michael Kerrisk + Reformat 'times' flags as list + And remove numeric values, since they're not needed. + Michael Kerrisk + Note effect of ADJ_NANO for ADJ_SETOFFSET + Michael Kerrisk + Add comment noting that timex structure contains padding bytes + Michael Kerrisk + Add more details to description of 'tai' field + Michael Kerrisk + Note meaning of "PLL" abbreviation + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify which 'timex' field is used by each 'modes' bit + Michael Kerrisk + Document timex 'status' bits + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify treatment of other 'modes' bits for ADJ_OFFSET_* + Michael Kerrisk + Update RFC number: RFC 5905 obsoletes RFC 1305 + Michael Kerrisk + Briefly document ADJ_SETOFFSET + Michael Kerrisk + Note PPS (pulse per second) fields in timex structure + +sigreturn.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add (a lot) more detail on the signal trampoline + And rewrite much of the page. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +proc.5 + Bernhard Walle + Document /proc/thread-self + /proc/thread-self has been introduced in Linux 3.17 with + commit 0097875bd41528922fb3bb5f348c53f17e00e2fd. + Sven Hoexter [Michael Kerrisk, Kamezawa Hiroyuki] + Document "VmSwap" field of /proc/[pid]/status + Florian Westphal + Document /proc/net/netfilter/nfnetlink_queue + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +localedef.1 + Marko Myllynen + Mention default path for compiled files + +clock_nanosleep.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'clock_id' can also be a CPU clock ID + +epoll_ctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Regular files and directories can't be monitored with epoll_ctl() + +ioctl.2 + Heinrich Schuchardt + Rename 'd' argument to 'fd' in text + In most other manpages file descriptors are called 'fd'. + This patches renames attribute 'd' to 'fd'. + +madvise.2 + Michael Kerrisk + VERSIONS: Support for madvise() is now configurable + Support for this system call now depends on the + CONFIG_ADVISE_SYSCALLS configuration option. + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Enhance rationale discussion for openat() and friends + +posix_fadvise.2 + Mel Gorman + Document the behavior of partial page discard requests + It is not obvious from the interface that "partial page discard" + requests are ignored. It should be spelled out. + Michael Kerrisk [Weijie Yang] + ERRORS: Since 2.6.16, the kernel correctly deals with the ESPIPE case + Michael Kerrisk + Support for fadvise64() is now configurable + Support for this system call now depends on the + CONFIG_ADVISE_SYSCALLS configuration option. + +prctl.2 + Andreas Schwab + Correct description of null-termination in PR_GET_NAME and PR_SET_NAME + The size of the process name has always been at most 16 byte + _including_ the null terminator. This also means that the + name returned by PR_GET_NAME is always null-terminated. + Michael Kerrisk + PR_SET_NAME silently truncates strings that exceed 16 bytes + +restart_syscall.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add some text explaining why restart_syscall() exists + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: Add paragraph on how to discover set of CPUs available on system + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add nproc(1) and lscpu(1) + +select.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add restart_syscall(2) + +semop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add note that interrupted semtimedop() returns 'timeout' unchanged + Michael Kerrisk + Remove information about semtimedop() EAGAIN that is repeated elsewhere + Michael Kerrisk + Add subsection head for semtimedop() + +setsid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite some pieces and add some details + Among other changes, add an explanation of why setsid() can't + be called from a process group leader + +sgetmask.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Since 3.16, support for these system calls is configurable + Support for these calls is now dependent on the setting of the + CONFIG_SGETMASK_SYSCALL option. + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document SA_RESTORER + Michael Kerrisk + Add some detail on the sa_restorer field + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sigreturn(2) + +splice.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Reformat description of 'fd_in' and 'off_in' to improve readability + +syscall.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add errno(3) + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add errno(3) + Michael Kerrisk + 3.19 adds execveat() + Michael Kerrisk + Add bpf(2) to list + +tee.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add shell session demonstrating use of the example program + +tkill.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] + Remove bogus text saying tgid==-1 makes tgkill() equivalent to tkill() + +abort.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that SIGABRT is raised as though raise(3) is called + Also note that abort() is POSIX.1-2008 compliant. + +cmsg.3 + David Wragg + Ensure buf is suitably aligned in sending example + Inspection of the definition of CMSG_FIRSTHDR (both in glibc and + the suggested definition in RFC3542) shows that it yields the + msg_control field. So when sending, the pointer placed in + msg_control should be suitably aligned as a struct cmsghdr. + In the sending example, buf was declared as a bare char array, + and so is not necessarily suitably aligned. + + The solution here involves placing buf inside a union, and is + based on the sockets/scm_rights_send.c sample from The Linux + Programming Interface "dist" source code collection. + +exp10.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Before glibc 2.19, exp() did not give ERANGE error on underflow + http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6787 + +ftw.3 + Michael Kerrisk + FTW_CHDIR has no effect on the 'fpath' argument passed to fn() + +getopt.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] + Ensure that 'nsecs' is used + +ilogb.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Will Newton] + Since glibc 2.16, ilogb() does correctly diagnose domain errors + +memcmp.3 + Michael Haardt + Document return value for n==0 case + Michael Haardt + Warn against use of memcmp() for comparing security-critical data + +mq_open.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document the O_CLOEXEC flag + Michael Kerrisk + Place 'flags' constants in alphabetical order + +pow.3 + Manuel López-Ibáñez + Add note on performance characteristics of pow() + +pthread_setschedparam.3 + Simon Newton + Fix logic error in example program + The example program will crash if -A is used, since 'attr' + is uninitialized. + + $ ./a.out -A + *** Error in `./a.out': free(): invalid pointer: 0xb779c3c4 *** + Aborted (core dumped) + 刘湃 + Small fixes to example program + +sigvec.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Starting with version 2.21, glibc no longer exports sigvec() + +sysconf.3 + Josh Triplett + Document _SC_NGROUPS_MAX + Already documented in getgroups(2), but not in sysconf(3). + +termios.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add tset(1) + +tgamma.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Since glibc 2.18, errno is correctly set to EDOM when (x == -infinity)) + +wordexp.3 + Carlos O'Donell + Make it clear that WRDE_NOCMD prevents command substitution + The use of WRDE_NOCMD prevents command substitution. If the flag + WRDE_NOCMD is set then no command substitution shall occur and + the error WRDE_CMDSUB will be returned if such substitution is + requested when processing the words. + + The manual page as-is makes it seem like the command substitution + occurs, and an error is returned *after* the substitution. + This patch clarifies that. + +locale.5 + Marko Myllynen + Describe the formats of values + locale(5) describes what a locale should define but doesn't + spell out how (in what format). The patch attempts to address + this, it also has few trivial additional enhancements. + + * Reference to locale(7) for category descriptions. + * Clarify first_workday in NOTES a bit. + * Add upstream BZ reference for two missing LC_ADDRESS fields. + Marko Myllynen + Fix miscoded character + +resolv.conf.5 + Jan Chaloupka + Add missing no-tld-query option + Based on commit [1], the no-tld-query option exists for + resolv.conf configuration file. Description of this option + is provided in [2]. This patch just copies this option + into resolv.conf.5 man page. Plus changes 'a' member + into 'an' before 'unqualified name as if it ...' + on the third line of [2]. Based on [3], this option + was added in glibc 2.14 as solving [4] bug. + + [1] https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commitdiff;h=f87dfb1f11c01f2ccdc40d81e134cd06b32e28e8 + [2] http://www.daemon-systems.org/man/resolv.conf.5.html man page. + [3] https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob;f=NEWS;h=952f32af17e7fb49c4c1a305de673a13075bfaf5;hb=f87dfb1f11c01f2ccdc40d81e134cd06b32e28e8 + [4] https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12734 + +credentials.7 + Josh Triplett + Cross-reference getgroups(2) + Since credentials.7 discusses supplementary GIDs, it should + reference getgroups(2). + +fanotify.7 + Heinrich Schuchardt + Allow relative paths in example + The current example code requires passing an absolute + path to the mount to be watched. + + By passing AT_FDCWD to fanotify_mark it can use both + absolute and relative paths. + Heinrich Schuchardt + fallocate(2) creates no events + fallocate(2) should create FAN_MODIFY events but does not. + Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk] + fanotify notifies only events generated on the same mount + Unfortunately, fanotify does not inform listeners for all paths + under which a touched filesystem object is visible, but only the + listener using the same path as the process touching the + filesystem object. + Heinrich Schuchardt + Update BUGS to note bugs still not fixed in 3.17 + I bumped the Linux version number in the BUGS section to 3.17. + +inotify.7 + Heinrich Schuchardt + fallocate(2) does not trigger inotify events + Calling fallocate(2) does not result in inotify events. + +locale.7 + Marko Myllynen + Improve LOCPATH description + LOCPATH is ignored by privileged programs. + + Add locale archive references. + + Add FILES section. + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget] + Clarify that SEE ALSO entries may refer to pages from other projects + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention other "slow devices" + Reads from eventfd(2), signalfd(2), timerfd(2), inotify(7), + and fanotify(7) file descriptors are also slow operations + that are restartable. + Michael Kerrisk + Fix SO_RECVTIMEO/ SO_SENDTIMEO confusion in text + Michael Kerrisk + Since Linux 3.8, reads on inotify(7) file descriptors are restartable + Michael Kerrisk + inotify(7) reads no longer show the odd EINTR error after SIGCONT + Since kernel 3.7, reads from inotify(7) file descriptors no longer + show the (Linux oddity) behavior of failing with EINTR when the + process resumes after a stop signal + SIGCONT. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sigreturn(2) + +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Scott Harvey] + Fix buglet in code snippet in BUGS section + +ld.so.8 + Carlos O'Donell + Add --inhibit-cache option + The dynamic loader has 6 options, only 5 are documented. + This patch documents the sixth option i.e. `--inhibit-cache`. + Jonathan Wakely [Siddhesh Poyarekar] + Correct documentation of $ORIGIN + As noted by Siddhesh: + + The ld.so man page says: + + $ORIGIN (or equivalently ${ORIGIN}) + This expands to the directory containing the + application executable. Thus, an application located + in somedir/app could be compiled with + + This is incorrect since it expands to the directory containing + the DSO and not the application executable. This seems like + deliberate behaviour in dl-object.c, so it needs to be fixed in + the man page. + + See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/26280738/what-is-the-equivalent-of-loader-path-for-rpath-specification-on-linux/26281226#26281226 + + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.77 ==================== + +Released: 2015-01-10, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Akihiro Motoki <amotoki@gmail.com> +Alexandre Bique <bique.alexandre@gmail.com> +Andre Majorel <aym-xunil@teaser.fr> +Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> +Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> +Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> +Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Ignat Loskutov <ignat.loskutov@gmail.com> +Jeff Epler <jepler@unpythonic.net> +Jérôme Pouiller <jezz@sysmic.org> +Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> +Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr> +Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com> +Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com> +Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com> +Troy Davis <troy@yort.com> +Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> +Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +seccomp.2 + Kees Cook, Michael Kerrisk, Will Drewry [Andy Lutomirski] + New page documenting seccomp(2) + Combines documentation from prctl, in-kernel seccomp_filter.txt + and dropper.c, along with details specific to the new system call. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +netlink.7 + Stephan Mueller [Michael Kerrisk] + Add NETLINK_CRYPTO + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +adjtimex.2 + Laurent Georget [Richard Cochran, Jeff Epler] + Clarify the 'ppm scaling' used in struct timex + This patch makes explicit and clarifies the unit used for + the fields "freq", "ppsfreq" and "stabil" in struct timex. + Michael Kerrisk [Masanari Iida] + Note that TIME_ERROR is the modern synonym for TIME_BAD + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver + Clarify the PERF_FLAG_FD_* flags + This change clarifies the behavior of the PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT and + PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP flags to perf_event_open(), and removes + the related FIXME comments. + + While writing tests to validate the behavior of these flags I + discovered that PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT has been broken since the + 2.6.35 kernel release. + +prctl.2 + Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk] + Add description of Intel MPX calls + The 3.19 kernel will have support for Intel MPX, including + a pair of new prctl() calls (PR_MPX_ENABLE_MANAGEMENT and + PR_MPX_DISABLE_MANAGEMENT) for enabling and disabling the + kernel's management of the "bounds tables". Add a + descriptions of the interface. + Michael Kerrisk + Add mention of seccomp(2) under PR_SET_SECCOMP + Michael Kerrisk + Suggest /proc/PID/status "Seccomp" as alternative to PR_GET_SECCOMP + Michael Kerrisk + SIGKILL can also occur PR_GET_SECCOMP in SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER mode + Kees Cook [Andy Lutomirski] + Document SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER vs EFAULT + This notes the distinction made between EINVAL and EFAULT when + attempting to use SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER with PR_SET_SECCOMP. + +setns.2 +pid_namespaces.7 + Mike Frysinger + Elaborate discussion of the PID namespace descendant limitation + The setns(2) man page already mentions that CLONE_NEWPID may only + be used with descendant namespaces, but this nuance could be + listed in a few more places so it is not missed. + +shmget.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Akihiro Motoki] + Make wording of SHMALL description a little clearer + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add siginfo_t fields for SECCOMP_RET_TRAP + +memchr.3 +strstr.3 + Alexandre Bique + Reference memmem(3) in SEE ALSO section + +memcmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Michael Haardt] + NOTES: add some detail on avoiding memcmp() of cryptographic data + Wording largely based on comments from Michael Haardt. + +pthread_tryjoin_np.3 + Jérôme Pouiller [Michael Kerrisk] + Document EINVAL error for pthread_timedjoin_np() + +mem.4 + Elie De Brauwer + /dev/kmem depends on CONFIG_DEVKMEM + Elie De Brauwer + Correct /dev/port group in example + mem.4 mentions that group for /dev/port should be set to 'mem' + However, all other files (/dev/mem and /dev/kmem) use the kmem + group in their examples and on my system /dev/port belongs to + kmem. Hence the 'mem' group was probably a typo: + Elie De Brauwer + Add CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM + Since 2.6.26 the CONFIG_NONPROMISC_DEVMEM options limits the + physical addresses which can be accessed through /dev/mem. + +random.4 + Heinrich Schuchardt + Describe handling of O_NONBLOCK + /dev/random and /dev/urandom treat O_NONBLOCK differently. + This should be described in the manpage. + Heinrich Schuchardt + Mention PRNG used by urandom + /dev/urandom uses a pseudo-random number generator to replace + missing entropy. + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document "Seccomp" field of /proc/PID/status + +epoll.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Ignat Loskutov] + Use epoll_create1() rather than epoll_create() in the code example + epoll_create1() is more or less the preferred API for new + applications, since it allows for some flags and avoids the + misdesigned epoll_create() argument, and so it seems sensible + to use that in the example, rather than epoll_create(). + +tcp.7 + Troy Davis + Clarify tcp_tw_recycle on Internet-facing hosts + Clarify that tcp_tw_recycle will break communication with many + general-purpose remote Internet hosts (namely, remote NAT devices) + even when the Linux device itself is not behind NAT. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.78 ==================== + +Released: 2015-01-22, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Akihiro Motoki <amotoki@gmail.com> +Alexey Ishchuk <aishchuk@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Christian Seiler <christian@iwakd.de> +Daniel J Blueman <daniel@quora.org> +David Drysdale <drysdale@google.com> +David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com> +Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com> +Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com> +Jessica McKellar <jessica.mckellar@gmail.com> +Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> +Michael Hayes <mike@aiinc.ca> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Rich Felker <dalias@aerifal.cx> +Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +execveat.2 + David Drysdale, Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] + New page for execveat(2) + +memfd_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk, David Herrmann + New page for memfd_create() system call + Including notes about file sealing + +s390_pci_mmio_write.2 + Alexey Ishchuk + New page for s390 s390_pci_mmio_write() and s390_pci_mmio_read() + New manual page for the new PCI MMIO memory access system + calls, s390_pci_mmio_write() and s390_pci_mmio_read(), + added for the s390 platform. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +fcntl.2 + David Herrmann [Michael Kerrisk] + Document F_ADD_SEALS and F_GET_SEALS commands + +proc.5 + Elie De Brauwer + Document /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/fs/nr_open + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +s390_pci_mmio_read.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new s390_pci_mmio_write(2) page + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +dup.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to RLIMIT_NOFILE for EMFILE error + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to RLIMIT_NOFILE for EBADF error on 'newfd'. + +execve.2 +fexecve.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add execveat(2) + +fallocate.2 +mmap.2 +open.2 +truncate.2 +write.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EPERM for operation denied by file seal + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EBUSY case for F_SETPIPE_SZ + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to RLIMIT_NOFILE for F_DUPFD EINVAL error on 'arg'. + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add open file description lock error cases + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update text on RLIMIT_NOFILE ceiling to refer to /proc/sys/fs/file-max + +mbind.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Daniel J Blueman] + Clarify EFAULT text + +mmap.2 +shmget.2 +shm_open.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add memfd_create(2) + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to RLIMIT_NOFILE for explanation of EMFILE error + Michael Kerrisk + Add execveat(2) in system call list under "Rationale for openat()" + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver + Clarify description of overflow events + Update the perf_event_open manpage to be more consistent when + discussing overflow events. It merges the discussion of + poll-type notifications with those generated by SIGIO + signal handlers. + This addresses the remaining FIXMEs is the document. + Vince Weaver + Remove inaccurate paragraph describing attr.config + Remove an inaccurate paragraph about values in the attr.config + field. This information was never true in any released kernel; + it somehow snuck into the manpage because it is still described + this way in tools/perf/design.txt in the kernel source tree. + Michael Kerrisk + Correct the kernel version number for PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE + Michael Kerrisk + Add some kernel version numbers to various fields and constants + +ptrace.2 +sigaction.2 +seccomp.2 + Kees Cook + Ptrace and siginfo details + While writing some additional seccomp tests, I realized + PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP wasn't documented yet. Fixed this, and added + additional notes related to ptrace events SIGTRAP details. + +readv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update details on glibc readv()/writev() wrapper behavior + And add a historical detail about Linux 2.0. + +select.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention RLIMIT_NOFILE as a possible cause of EINVAL error + +syscall.2 + Kees Cook + Add arm64 and mips + Add mips and arm64 to tables, along with some further + details on these architectures, + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add s390_pci_mmio_read(2) and s390_pci_mmio_write(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Note kernel() version that introduced get_kernel_syms() + Note kernel version that introduced ppc_rtas() + Note kernel version that introduced create_module() + Note kernel version that added setup() + Michael Kerrisk + Remove some details for sync_file_range2() + Make the table a bit simpler. The details can anyway be + found in the system call man page. + +utimensat.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Elliot Hughes] + If both tv_sec fields are UTIME_OMIT, the file need not exist + As noted by Elliot, if both tv_sec fields are UTIME_OMIT, + utimensat() will return success even if the file does not exist. + +errno.3 + Michael Kerrisk + The RLIMIT_NOFILE resource limit is a common cause of EMFILE + +exec.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add execveat(2) + +fclose.3 + Carlos O'Donell + Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument + Harmonize all the manual pages to use "stream" for FILE* + instead of randomly using "fp" or "stream." Choosing something + and being consistent helps users scan the man pages quickly + and understand what they are looking at. + +fexecve.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite the script+close-on-exec problem as a BUG + Also, add one or two details about this scenario. + Michael Kerrisk + The natural idiom when using fexecve() is to use the close-on-exec flag + +fmemopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument + +fopencookie.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument + +getgrent_r.3 + Carlos O'Donell + Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument + +getline.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument + +getmntent.3 + Carlos O'Donell + Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument + +getpw.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell] + Describe return value when 'uid' is not found + +getpwent_r.3 + Carlos O'Donell + Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument + +getspnam.3 + Carlos O'Donell + Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument + +malloc_info.3 + Carlos O'Donell + Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument + +posix_fallocate.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that posix_fallocate() is implemented using fallocate(2) + +putgrent.3 + Carlos O'Donell + Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument + Harmonize all the manual pages to use "stream" for FILE* + instead of randomly using "fp" or "stream." Choosing something + and being consistent helps users scan the man pages quickly + and understand what they are looking at. + +locale.5 + Akihiro Motoki + Correct variable name + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove bogus statement about NR_OPEN being a ceiling for file-max + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.79 ==================== + +Released: 2015-02-01, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Akihiro Motoki <amotoki@gmail.com> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +J William Piggott <elseifthen@gmx.com> +Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Scot Doyle <lkml14@scotdoyle.com> +Sergey V. Zubkov <cubbi@cubbi.com> +Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com> +Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> +Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +getrandom.2 + Heinrich Schuchardt, Theodore T'so, Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting getrandom(2) + Kernel 3.17 introduces a new system call getrandom(2). + +kexec_load.2 + Vivek Goyal, Michael Kerrisk + Add documentation of kexec_file_load(2) + Michael Kerrisk, Vivek Goyal + Rewrite and extend documentation of kexec_load(). + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +kexec_file_load.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to kexec_load.2 + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +personality.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add setarch(8) + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Unused arguments of PR_MPX_(EN,DIS}ABLE_MANAGEMENT must be zero + +reboot.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add kexec_load(2) + +socket.2 + Stephan Mueller + document AF_ALG + Add a reference to the AF_ALG protocol accessible via socket(2). + +fflush.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Sergey V. Zubkov] + Clarify that flushing of input streams occurs only for seekable files + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=91931 + Michael Kerrisk [Sergey V. Zubkov] + POSIX.1-2008 specifies the behavior when flushing input streams + POSIX.1-2001 did not have a specification for input streams, + but POSIX.1-2008 added one. + +getopt.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add getopt(1) + +random.3 + Heinrich Schuchardt + SEE ALSO: add getrandom(2) + +termios.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add reset(1), setterm(1), tput(1) + +tzset.3 + J William Piggott + Document behavior when TZ filespec omits the colon + If the TZ filespec omits the leading colon, glibc will parse + it for any valid format, i.e., it will still work. + J William Piggott + Add description for posixrules file + J William Piggott + Correct system timezone file path + J William Piggott + There are only two TZ formats + tzset(3) currently states that there are three TZ formats. The + first two it lists are actually variations of the POSIX-style + TZ format, of which there are at least five variations. + + This patch corrects this to match the POSIX specification of + TZ having only two formats. + J William Piggott + Filespec omitted incorrect + Paragraph three of the DESCRIPTION section says + that when TZ is set, but empty, then UTC is used. + + Later it says if the TZ filespec is omitted then the file + /usr/share/zoneinfo/localtime is used. This is incorrect, + it will use UTC in that case as well. + J William Piggott + Fix incorrect TZ string representation + The TZ string representation indicates that the start/end + rules are required; this is incorrect. + J William Piggott + Add ENVIRONMENT section + other rearrangements + FILES section was overly verbose and included + environment variables. Added ENVIRONMENT section, + removing ENV VARS from the FILES section. + +random.4 + Heinrich Schuchardt + SEE ALSO: add getrandom(2) + +passwd.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add chfn(1), chsh(1) + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add setpriv(1) + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add getrandom(2) to list of restartable system calls + Michael Kerrisk + Add F_OFD_SETLKW to list of restartable operations + + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.80 ==================== + +Released: 2015-02-21, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Akihiro Motoki <amotoki@gmail.com> +Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> +Bill McConnaughey <mcconnau@biochem.wustl.edu> +Chris Mayo <aklhfex@gmail.com> +Christophe Blaess <Christophe@blaess.fr> +David Wilson <dw@botanicus.net> +Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> +Doug Goldstein <cardoe@gentoo.org> +Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +J William Piggott <elseifthen@gmx.com> +James Hunt <james.hunt@ubuntu.com> +Jan Chaloupka <jchaloup@redhat.com> +Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com> +Jeff Layton <jlayton@poochiereds.net> +Jens Thoms Toerring <jt@toerring.de> +Kevin Easton <kevin@guarana.org> +Luke Faraone <lfaraone@debian.org> +Mark Seaborn <mseaborn@chromium.org> +Mathieu Malaterre <malat@debian.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> +Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> +Patrick Horgan <phorgan1@gmail.com> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> +Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> +Rob Somers <uberkermit@gmail.com> +Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org> +Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> +Tao Ma <tao.ma@oracle.com> +Tobias Herzke <tobias.linuxpatches.2014@gi2.herzkes.de> +Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> +Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> +Zbigniew Brzeziński <zbigniew.brzezinski@student.put.poznan.pl> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +ioctl_fat.2 + Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk] + New man page for the ioctl(2) FAT API + The ioctl(2) system call may be used to retrieve information about + the FAT file system and to set file attributes. + +madvise.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Summary: this page has been significantly reorganised and rewritten + Michael Kerrisk + Recast discussion of 'advice' into two groups of values + madvise() is one of those system calls that has congealed over + time, as has the man page. It's helpful to split the discussion + of 'advice' into those flags into two groups: + + * Those flags that are (1) widespread across implementations; + (2) have counterparts in posix_madvise(3); and (3) were present + in the initial Linux madvise implementation. + * The rest, which are values that (1) may not have counterparts + in other implementations; (2) have no counterparts in + posix_madvise(3); and (3) were added to Linux in more recent + times. + Michael Kerrisk + Explicitly list the five flags provided by posix_fadvise() + Over time, bit rot has afflicted this page. Since the original + text was written many new Linux-specific flags have been added. + So, now it's better to explicitly list the flags that + correspond to the POSIX analog of madvise(). + Jan Chaloupka [Hugh Dickins, Michael Kerrisk] + Starting with Linux 3.5, more file systems support MADV_REMOVE + Michael Kerrisk + Split EINVAL error into separate cases + Michael Kerrisk + Explain MADV_REMOVE in terms of file hole punching + Michael Kerrisk + MADV_REMOVE can be applied only to shared writable mappings + Michael Kerrisk + MADV_REMOVE cannot be applied to locked or Huge TLB pages + Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka] + Clarify that MADV_DONTNEED has effect on pages only if it succeeds + Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka] + Clarifications for MADV_DONTNEED + Michael Kerrisk [Michal Hocko] + Improve MADV_DONTNEED description + Michael Kerrisk + MADV_DONTNEED cannot be applied to Huge TLB or locked pages + Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka] + Remove mention of "shared pages" as a cause of EINVAL for MADV_DONTNEED + Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka] + Note Huge TLB as a cause of EINVAL for MADV_DONTNEED + Michael Kerrisk [Minchan Kim] + Add mention of VM_PFNMAP in discussion of MADV_DONTNEED and MADV_REMOVE + Michael Kerrisk + Drop sentence saying that kernel may ignore 'advice' + The sentence creates misunderstandings, and does not really + add information. + Michael Kerrisk + Note that some Linux-specific 'advice' change memory-access semantics + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: Remove crufty text about "command" versus "advice" + The point made in this fairly ancient text is more or less evident + from the DESCRIPTION, and it's not clear what "standard" is being + referred to. + Michael Kerrisk + Mention POSIX.1-2008 addition of POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE + Michael Kerrisk + Remove "POSIX.1b" from CONFORMING TO + Michael Kerrisk + Move mention of posix_fadvise() from CONFORMING TO to SEE ALSO + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EPERM error case for MADV_HWPOISON + Michael Kerrisk + Note that madvise() is nonstandard, but widespread + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + (Briefly) document /proc/PID/attr/socketcreate + Michael Kerrisk + (Briefly) document /proc/PID/attr/keycreate + Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Smalley] + Document /proc/PID/attr/{current,exec,fscreate,prev} + Heavily based on Stephen Smalley's text in + https://lwn.net/Articles/28222/ + From: Stephen Smalley <sds@epoch.ncsc.mil> + To: LKML and others + Subject: [RFC][PATCH] Process Attribute API for Security Modules + Date: 08 Apr 2003 16:17:52 -0400 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/kernel/auto_msgmni + +socket.7 + David Wilson [Michael Kerrisk] + Document SO_REUSEPORT socket option + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +get_thread_area.2 + Andy Lutomirski + Make get_thread_area.2 a link to rewritten set_thread_area.2 page + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +time.1 + Michael Kerrisk + Make option argument formatting consistent with other pages + +access.2 + Denys Vlasenko + Explain how access() check treats capabilities + We have users who are terribly confused why their binaries + with CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE capability see EACCESS from access() calls, + but are able to read the file. + + The reason is access() isn't the "can I read/write/execute this + file?" question, it is the "(assuming that I'm a setuid binary,) + can *the user who invoked me* read/write/execute this file?" + question. + + That's why it uses real UIDs as documented, and why it ignores + capabilities when capability-endorsed binaries are run by non-root + (this patch adds this information). + + To make users more likely to notice this less-known detail, + the patch expands the explanation with rationale for this logic + into a separate paragraph. + +arch_prctl.2 +set_thread_area.2 +get_thread_area.2 + Andy Lutomirski + Improve TLS documentation + The documentation for set_thread_area was very vague. This + improves it, accounts for recent kernel changes, and merges + it with get_thread_area.2. + + get_thread_area.2 now becomes a link. + + While I'm at it, clarify the related arch_prctl.2 man page. + +cacheflush.2 + Ralf Baechle + Update some portability details and bugs + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to BUGS in discussion of EINVAL error + +capget.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document V3 capabilities constants + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite discussion of kernel versions that support file capabilities + File capabilities ceased to be optional in Linux 2.6.33. + +clone.2 + Peng Haitao + Fix description of CLONE_PARENT_SETTID + CLONE_PARENT_SETTID only stores child thread ID in parent memory. + +clone.2 +execve.2 + Kevin Easton + Document interaction of execve(2) with CLONE_FILES + This patch the fact that a successful execve(2) in a process that + is sharing a file descriptor table results in unsharing the table. + + I discovered this through testing and verified it by source + inspection - there is a call to unshare_files() early in + do_execve_common(). + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton] + Clarify cases of conflict between traditional record and OFD locks + Verified by experiment on Linux 3.15 and 3.19rc4. + +fork.2 + Michal Hocko + EAGAIN is not reported when task allocation fails + I am not sure why we have: + + "EAGAIN fork() cannot allocate sufficient memory to copy + the parent's page tables and allocate a task structure + or the child." + + The text seems to be there from the time when man-pages + were moved to git so there is no history for it. + + And it doesn't reflect reality: the kernel reports both + dup_task_struct and dup_mm failures as ENOMEM to the + userspace. This seems to be the case from early 2.x times + so let's simply remove this part. + Heinrich Schuchardt + Child and parent run in separate memory spaces + fork.2 should clearly point out that child and parent + process run in separate memory spaces. + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading + +getpid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading + +getxattr.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Various rewordings plus one or two details clarified + Michael Kerrisk + Add pointer to example in listxattr(2) + +killpg.2 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading + +listxattr.2 + Heinrich Schuchardt + Provide example program + Michael Kerrisk + Reword discussion of size==0 case + Michael Kerrisk + Add note on handling increases in sizes of keys or values + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mention of which filesystems implement ACLs + Such a list will only become outdated (as it already was). + +migrate_pages.2 + Jan Stancek + Document EFAULT and EINVAL errors + I encountered these errors while writing testcase for migrate_pages + syscall for LTP (Linux test project). + + I checked stable kernel tree 3.5 to see which paths return these. + Both can be returned from get_nodes(), which is called from: + SYSCALL_DEFINE4(migrate_pages, pid_t, pid, unsigned long, maxnode, + const unsigned long __user *, old_nodes, + const unsigned long __user *, new_nodes) + + The testcase does following: + EFAULT + a) old_nodes/new_nodes is area mmaped with PROT_NONE + b) old_nodes/new_nodes is area not mmapped in process address + space, -1 or area that has been just munmmaped + + EINVAL + a) maxnodes overflows kernel limit + b) new_nodes contain node, which has no memory or does not exist + or is not returned for get_mempolicy(MPOL_F_MEMS_ALLOWED). + +modify_ldt.2 + Andy Lutomirski + Overhaul the documentation + This clarifies the behavior and documents all four functions. + Andy Lutomirski + Clarify the lm bit's behavior + The lm bit should never have existed in the first place. Sigh. + +mprotect.2 + Mark Seaborn + Mention effect of READ_IMPLIES_EXEC personality flag + I puzzled over mprotect()'s effect on /proc/*/maps for a while + yesterday -- it was setting "x" without PROT_EXEC being specified. + Here is a patch to add some explanation. + +msgget.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add details of MSGMNI default value + +msgop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify wording of MSGMAX and MSGMNB limits + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver + Clarify PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH behavior + Currently the PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH ioctl, when applied to a group + leader, will refresh all children. Also if a refresh value of 0 + is chosen then the refresh becomes infinite (never runs out). + Back in 2011 PAPI was relying on these behaviors but I was told + that both were unsupported and subject to being removed at any time. + (See https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/5/24/337 ) + However the behavior has not been changed. + + This patch updates the manpage to still list the behavior as + unsupported, but removes the inaccurate description of it + only being a problem with 2.6 kernels. + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Bill McConnaughey] + Mention file capabilities in discussion of PR_SET_DUMPABLE + Michael Kerrisk + Greatly expand discussion of "dumpable" flag + In particular, detail the interactions with + /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable. + Michael Kerrisk + Reorder paragraphs describing PR_SET_DUMPABLE + Michael Kerrisk + Mention SUID_DUMP_DISABLE and SUID_DUMP_USER under PR_SET_DUMPABLE + Michael Kerrisk + Executing a file with capabilities also resets the parent death signal + +ptrace.2 + James Hunt + Explain behaviour should ptrace tracer call execve(2) + This behaviour was verified by reading the kernel source and + confirming the behaviour using a test program. + Denys Vlasenko + Add information on PTRACE_SEIZE versus PTRACE_ATTACH differences + Extend description of PTRACE_SEIZE with the short summary of its + differences from PTRACE_ATTACH. + + The following paragraph: + + PTRACE_EVENT_STOP + Stop induced by PTRACE_INTERRUPT command, or group-stop, or ini- + tial ptrace-stop when a new child is attached (only if attached + using PTRACE_SEIZE), or PTRACE_EVENT_STOP if PTRACE_SEIZE was used. + + has an editing error (the part after last comma makes no sense). + Removing it. + + Mention that legacy post-execve SIGTRAP is disabled by PTRACE_SEIZE. + +sched_setattr.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Christophe Blaess] + SYNOPSIS: remove 'const' from 'attr' sched_getattr() argument + +semget.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note default value for SEMMNI and SEMMSL + +semop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note defaults for SEMOPM and warn against increasing > 1000 + +sendfile.2 + Eric Wong + Caution against modifying sent pages + +setxattr.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add ENOTSUP for invalid namespace prefix + Michael Kerrisk + Remove redundant text under ENOTSUP error + Michael Kerrisk + Note that zero-length attribute values are permitted + Michael Kerrisk + Rework text describing 'flags' argument + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading + +statfs.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jan Chaloupka] + Document the 'f_flags' field added in Linux 2.6.36 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that 'statfs' structure has some padding bytes + The number of padding bytes has changed over time, as some + bytes are used, so describe this aspect of the structure + less explicitly. + Tao Ma + Add OCFS2_SUPER_MAGIC + Michael Kerrisk + Use __fsword_t in statfs structure definition + This more closely matches modern glibc reality. + Michael Kerrisk + Add a note on the __fsword_t type + Michael Kerrisk + Document 'f_spare' more vaguely + +wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that waitpid() is a wrapper for wait4() + Michael Kerrisk + Note that wait() is a library function implemented via wait4() + +wait4.2 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading + +encrypt.3 + Rob Somers + Improve code example + I (and some others) found that the original example code + did not seem to work as advertised. The new code (used by + permission of the original author, Jens Thoms Toerring) + was found on comp.os.linux.development. + +mktemp.3 + Luke Faraone + DESCRIPTION reference to BUGS corrected + mktemp(3)'s DESCRIPTION referenced NOTES, but no such + section exists. Corrected to refer to BUGS. + +pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 + Tobias Herzke + Describe EINVAL in ERRORS + +resolver.3 +host.conf.5 + Simon Paillard + host.conf 'order' option deprecated, replaced by nsswitch.conf(5) + http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2389 + http://repo.or.cz/w/glibc.git/commit/b9c65d0902e5890c4f025b574725154032f8120a + + Reported at http://bugs.debian.org/270368, + http://bugs.debian.org/396633, and http://bugs.debian.org/344233. + +statvfs.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document missing 'f_flag' bit values + And reorganize information relating to which flags are in + POSIX.1. + Michael Kerrisk [Jan Chaloupka] + statvfs() now populates 'f_flag' from statfs()'s f_flag field + These changes came with glibc 2.13, and the kernel's addition of + a 'f_flags' field in Linux 2.6.36. + +syslog.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Doug Goldstein] + Remove unneeded <stdarg.h> + vsyslog() does not need this. + +tzset.3 + J William Piggott + Add offset format + tzset.3 does not illustrate the POSIX offset format. + Specifically, there is no indication in the manual + what the optional components of it are. + +random.4 + Michael Kerrisk + Note maximum number of bytes returned by read(2) on /dev/random + Michael Kerrisk [Mathieu Malaterre] + Since Linux 3.16, reads from /dev/urandom return at most 32 MB + See https://bugs.debian.org/775328 and + https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=80981#c9 + +core.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Bill McConnaughey] + Executing a file that has capabilities also prevents core dumps + Michael Kerrisk + Document "%i" and "%I" core_pattern specifiers + +intro.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove words "and protocols" + There are no protocol descriptions in Section 5. Protocols are + in Section 7. + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to prctl(2) in discussion of /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable + And note that /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable defines the + value assigned to the process "dumpable" flag in certain + circumstances. + Michael Kerrisk + Note that CAP_SYS_ADMIN is required to list /proc/PID/map_files + This might however change in the future; see the Jan 2015 LKML thread: + + Re: [RFC][PATCH v2] procfs: Always expose /proc/<pid>/map_files/ + and make it readable + +resolv.conf.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add nsswitch.conf(5) + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS as an alternative to prctl() PR_SET_KEEPCAPS + Chris Mayo + NOTES: add last kernel versions for obsolete options + The CONFIG_SECURITY_CAPABILITIES option was removed by + commit 5915eb53861c5776cfec33ca4fcc1fd20d66dd27 + + The CONFIG_SECURITY_FILE_CAPABILITIES option removed in + Linux 2.6.33 as already mentioned in DESCRIPTION. + +pthreads.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add fork(2) + +unix.7 + Jan Chaloupka + Mention SOCK_STREAM socket for ioctl_type of ioctl() + from https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1110401. + + unix.7 is not clear about socket type of ioctl_type argument of + ioctl() function. The description of SIOCINQ is applicable only + for SOCK_STREAM socket. For SOCK_DGRAM, udp(7) man page gives + correct description of SIOCINQ + +ldconfig.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Place options in alphabetical order + Michael Kerrisk + Note glibc version number for '-l' option + Michael Kerrisk + Document -c/--format option + Michael Kerrisk + Add long form of some options + Michael Kerrisk [Patrick Horgan] + ld.so.conf uses only newlines as delimiters + mtk: confirmed by reading source of parse_conf() in + elf/ldconfig.c. + Michael Kerrisk + Document -V/--version option + Michael Kerrisk + Document -i/--ignore-aux-cache option + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate "Hardware capabilities" to be a subsection under notes + This is more consistent with standard man-pages headings + and layout. + Michael Kerrisk + (Briefly) document LD_TRACE_PRELINKING + Michael Kerrisk + Remove duplicate description of LD_BIND_NOT + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.81 ==================== + +Released: 2015-03-02, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alexandre Oliva <aoliva@redhat.com> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Ma Shimiao <mashimiao.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +attributes.7 + Alexandre Oliva, Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell] + New page describing POSIX safety concepts + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Many pages + Peng Haitao, Michael Kerrisk + Reformat existing thread-safety information to use a + tabular format, rather than plain text. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +mmap.2 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function mmap() and munmap() are thread safe. + +a64l.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +acos.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function acos(), acosf() and acosl() are thread safe. + +acosh.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function acosh(), acoshf() and acoshl() are thread safe. + +addseverity.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function is thread-safe + The function addseverity() is thread safe. + +aio_cancel.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function aio_cancel() is thread safe. + +aio_fsync.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function aio_fsync() is thread safe. + +aio_read.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function aio_read() is thread safe. + +aio_suspend.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function aio_suspend() is thread safe. + +aio_write.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function aio_write() is thread safe. + +argz_add.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +asin.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function asin(), asinf() and asinl() are thread safe. + +assert.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + Its marking matches glibc marking. + +assert_perror.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + Its marking matches glibc marking. + +atan2.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function atan2(), atan2f() and atan2l() are thread safe. + +atanh.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function atanh(), atanhf() and atanhl() are thread safe. + +backtrace.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The markings match glibc markings. + +btowc.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function btowc() in glibc is thread safe. + Its marking matches glibc marking. + +cabs.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function cabs(), cabsf() and cabsl() are thread safe. + +cacos.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function cacos(), cacosf() and cacosl() are thread safe. + +cacosh.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions cacosh(), cacoshf() and cacoshl() in glibc are + thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings. + +canonicalize_file_name.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The functions canonicalize_file_name() in glibc is thread safe. + Its marking matches glibc marking. + +carg.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function carg(), cargf() and cargl() are thread safe. + +casin.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions casin(), casinf() and casinl() are thread safe. + Their markings match glibc markings. + +casinh.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions casinh(), casinhf() and casinhl() in glibc are + thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings. + +catan.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions catan(), catanf() and catanl() are thread safe. + Their markings match glibc markings. + +catanh.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions catanh(), catanhf() and catanhl() in glibc are + thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings. + +catopen.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions catopen() and catclose() are thread safe. + +cfree.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function cfree() in glibc is thread safe. + Its marking matches glibc marking. + +clog10.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions clog10(), clog10f() and clog10l() in glibc are + thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings. + +clog.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function clog(), clogf() and clogl() are thread safe. + +closedir.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function closedir() in glibc is thread safe. + Its marking matches glibc marking. + +confstr.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function confstr() is thread safe. + +cosh.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions cosh(), coshf() and coshl() in glibc are thread safe. + Its markings match glibc markings. + +cpow.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions cpow(), cpowf() and cpowl() in glibc are thread safe. + Its markings match glibc markings. + +crypt.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +ctermid.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + According to the change of source code, ctermid's level has been + changed from MT-Unsafe to MT-Safe. After modifying, the marking + matches the glibc marking. + +drand48.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +drand48_r.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +ecvt.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual. + +ecvt_r.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The markings match glibc markings. + +encrypt.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +envz_add.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The markings match glibc markings. + +exec.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions execl(), execlp(), execle(), execv(), execvp() and + execvpe() are thread safe. + +exit.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +exp10.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +exp2.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function exp2(), exp2f() and exp2l() are thread safe. + +exp.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function exp(), expf() and expl() are thread safe. + +fclose.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function fclose() is thread safe. + Its marking matches glibc marking. + +fcloseall.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +fgetc.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The markings match glibc markings. + +fgetwc.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The markings match glibc markings. + +fgetws.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The marking matches glibc marking. + +fmod.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function fmod(), fmodf() and fmodl() are thread safe. + +fnmatch.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function fnmatch() is thread safe with exceptions. + +fopen.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The markings match glibc markings. + +fopencookie.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The marking matches glibc marking. + +fread.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions fread() and fwrite() are thread safe. + +gamma.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + The functions gamma(), gammaf() and gammal() are not thread safe. + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +getcontext.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +getcwd.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions getcwd(), getwd() and get_current_dir_name() are + thread safe. + +getdate.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +getenv.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions getenv() and secure_getenv() are thread safe. + +getfsent.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + The functions setfsent(), getfsent(), endfsent(), getfsspec() + and getfsfile() are not thread safe. + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +getgrent.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + Its marking matches glibc marking. + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +getgrnam.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +getgrouplist.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function getgrouplist() is thread safe with exceptions. + +getlogin.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +getopt.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + The functions getopt(), getopt_long() and getopt_long_only() are + not thread safe. + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +getpass.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +getpwent.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +getpwnam.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +gets.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + Its marking matches glibc marking. + +getw.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions getw() and putw() are thread safe. + +gnu_get_libc_version.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions gnu_get_libc_version() and gnu_get_libc_release() + are thread safe. + +hsearch.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +iconv.3 + Peng Haitao + Modify thread-safety information + +inet.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions + The functions inet_aton() and inet_addr() are thread safe with + exceptions. + The functions inet_network(), inet_ntoa(), inet_makeaddr(), + inet_lnaof() and inet_netof() are thread safe. + Modify thread-safety information + After researching and talking, we think inet_network() and + inet_ntoa() should be marked with locale. + After changing, the markings match glbc markings. + +inet_pton.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function inet_pton() is thread safe with exceptions. + +iswdigit.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function iswdigit() is thread safe with exceptions. + +iswgraph.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function iswgraph() is thread safe with exceptions. + +iswlower.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function iswlower() is thread safe with exceptions. + +iswprint.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function iswprint() is thread safe with exceptions. + +iswpunct.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function iswpunct() is thread safe with exceptions. + +iswspace.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function iswspace() is thread safe with exceptions. + +iswupper.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function iswupper() is thread safe with exceptions. + +iswxdigit.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function iswxdigit() is thread safe with exceptions. + +j0.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function j0(), j1f() jnl() and so on are thread safe. + +lio_listio.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + Its marking matches glibc marking. + +log10.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function log10(), log10f() and log10l() are thread safe. + +log2.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function log2(), log2f() and log2l() are thread safe. + +log.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function log(), logf() and logl() are thread safe. + +makecontext.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +makedev.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe + The macros makedev(), major() and minor() are thread safe. + +malloc.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function malloc(), free(), calloc() and realloc() are + thread safe. + +mblen.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +mbstowcs.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The marking matches glibc marking. + +mbtowc.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + The function mbtowc() is not thread safe. + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +mktemp.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function mktemp() is thread safe. + +mtrace.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe + The functions mtrace() and muntrace() are not thread safe. + +nan.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The markings match glibc markings. + +nl_langinfo.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function nl_langinfo() is thread safe with exceptions. + +opendir.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The markings match glibc markings. + +pow10.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function pow10(), pow10f() and pow10l() are thread safe. + +pow.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function pow(), powf() and powl() are thread safe. + +pthread_setcancelstate.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add async-signal-safety information + +ptsname.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +putenv.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-unsafe + The function putenv() is thread unsafe. + +puts.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions fputc(), fputs(), putc(), putchar() and puts() are + thread safe. + +putwchar.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The marking matches glibc marking. + +qecvt.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual. + +rand.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe + The functions rand(), rand_r() and srand() are thread safe. + +random_r.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +readdir.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual. + +realpath.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The marking matches glibc marking. + +regex.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions + The functions regcomp() and regexec() are thread safe with + exceptions. + The functions regerror() and regfree() are thread safe. + +remainder.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The markings match glibc markings. + +scalb.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function scalb(), scalbf() and scalbl() are thread safe. + +setenv.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-unsafe + The function setenv() and unsetenv() are thread unsafe. + +siginterrupt.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +sigset.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe + The functions sigset(), sighold(), sigrelse() and sigignore() + are thread safe. + +sinh.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function sinh(), sinhf() and sinhl() are thread safe. + +sqrt.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function sqrt(), sqrtf() and sqrtl() are thread safe. + +stdarg.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +stdio_ext.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + Change the thread safety information to be the same as glibc. + +strcasecmp.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions + The functions strcasecmp() and strncasecmp() are thread safe + with exceptions. + +strerror.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +strfmon.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + Its marking matches glibc marking. + +strfry.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function strfry() is thread safe. + +strftime.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function strftime() is thread safe with exceptions. + +strptime.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function strptime() is thread safe with exceptions. + +strtok.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +strverscmp.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function strverscmp() is thread safe. + +strxfrm.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The marking matches glibc marking. + +syslog.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions + The functions openlog() and closelog() are thread safe. + The functions syslog() and vsyslog() are thread safe with + exceptions. + +tempnam.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The function tempnam() is thread safe. + +termios.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As this is man page for Linux, we don't need thread safety + information for bsd + +tgamma.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions tgamma(), tgammaf() and tgammal() in glibc are + thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings. + +timegm.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions + The functions timelocal() and timegm() are thread safe with + exceptions. + +tmpfile.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + Its markings match glibc markings. + +tmpnam.3 + Peng Haitao + Modify thread-safety information + When the argument s is NULL, tmpnam() should be MT-Unsafe. + +toupper.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + After researching and talking, we think toupper() and tolower() + should not be marked with locale. + After changing, the markings match glbc markings. + +tsearch.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The functions' markings match glibc markings. + +ttyname.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual. + +tzset.3 + Peng Haitao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions + The function tzset() is thread safe with exceptions. + +wcsdup.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + Its marking matches glibc marking. + +wctomb.3 + Ma Shimiao + Modify thread-safety information + As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the + thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. + +y0.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The function y0(), y1f() ynl() and so on are thread safe. + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to attributes(7) for details of ATTRIBUTES section + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add attributes(7) + +pthreads.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add attributes(7) + +standards.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add attributes(7) + + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.82 ==================== + +Released: 2015-03-29, Paris + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alban Crequy <alban.crequy@gmail.com> +Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> +Bert Wesarg <bert.wesarg@googlemail.com> +Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@worldbroken.com> +Chris Delozier <c.s.delozier@gmail.com> +David Madore <david.madore@ens.fr> +Dmitry Deshevoy <mityada@gmail.com> +Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@debian.org> +Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net> +Jason Vas Dias <jason.vas.dias@gmail.com> +Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> +J William Piggott <elseifthen@gmx.com> +Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> +Konstantin Shemyak <konstantin@shemyak.com> +Ma Shimiao <mashimiao.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com> +Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com> +Mikael Pettersson <mikpelinux@gmail.com> +Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> +Nicolas FRANCOIS <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net> +Paul E Condon <pecondon@mesanetworks.net> +Peter Adkins <peter.adkins@kernelpicnic.net> +Scot Doyle <lkml14@scotdoyle.com> +Shawn Landden <shawn@churchofgit.com> +Stéphane Aulery <saulery@free.fr> +Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> +Taisuke Yamada <tai@rakugaki.org> +Torvald Riegel <triegel@redhat.com> +Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net> +<ygrex@ygrex.ru> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +nptl.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New page with details of the NPTL POSIX threads implementation + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +user_namespaces.7 + Eric W. Biederman [Michael Kerrisk] + Document /proc/[pid]/setgroups + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +intro.1 + Stéphane Aulery + Prompt is not % but $ + Stéphane Aulery + Various improvements + - Add reference to other common shells dash(1), ksh(1) + - Add a reference to stdout(3) + - Separate cp and mv descriptions + - Add examples of special cases of cd + - Add su(1) and shutdown(8) references for section Logout + and poweroff + - Move Control-D to section Logout and poweroff + - Fix some little formatting errors + Stéphane Aulery + Add cross references cited + Stéphane Aulery + Order SEE ALSO section + +clone.2 + Josh Triplett + Document that clone() silently ignores CLONE_PID and CLONE_STOPPED + Normally, system calls return EINVAL for flags they don't support. + Explicitly document that clone does *not* produce an error for + these two obsolete flags. + Michael Kerrisk + Small rewording of explanation of clone() wrt threads + Clone has so many effects that it's an oversimplification to say + that the *main* use of clone is to create a thread. (In fact, + the use of clone() to create new processes may well be more + common, since glibc's fork() is a wrapper that calls clone().) + +getgroups.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden] + Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism + At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread + attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that + when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change + credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL + implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads + in a process share credentials. + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EPERM for the case where /proc/PID/setgroups is "deny" + Michael Kerrisk + Note capability associated with EPERM error for setgroups(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to user_namespaces(7) for discussion of /proc/PID/setgroups + The discussion of /proc/PID/setgroups has moved from + proc(5) to user_namespaces(7). + +getpid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that getppid() returns 0 if parent is in different PID namespace + +getsockopt.2 + Konstantin Shemyak + Note RETURN VALUE details when netfilter is involved + +ioctl_list.2 + Heinrich Schuchardt + SEE ALSO ioctl_fat.2 + Add FAT_IOCTL_GET_VOLUME_ID + SEE ALSO ioctl_fat.2 + Heinrich Schuchardt + include/linux/ext2_fs.h + Include linux/ext2_fs.h does not contain any ioctl definitions + anymore. + + Request codes EXT2_IOC* have been replaced by FS_IOC* in + linux/fs.h. + + Some definitions of FS_IOC_* use long* but the actual code expects + int* (see fs/ext2/ioctl.c). + +msgop.2 + Bill Pemberton + Remove EAGAIN as msgrcv() errno + The list of errnos for msgrcv() lists both EAGAIN and ENOMSG as + the errno for no message available with the IPC_NOWAIT flag. + ENOMSG is the errno that will be set. + Bill Pemberton + Add an example program + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jason Vas Dias] + Mention blocking semantics for FIFO opens + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=95191 + +seccomp.2 + Jann Horn [Kees Cook, Mikael Pettersson, Andy Lutomirski] + Add note about alarm(2) not being sufficient to limit runtime + Jann Horn + Explain blacklisting problems, expand example + Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook] + Add mention of libseccomp + +setgid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that setgid() changes all GIDs when caller has CAP_SETGID + Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden] + Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism + At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread + attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that + when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change + credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL + implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads + in a process share credentials. + +setresuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden] + Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism + At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread + attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that + when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change + credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL + implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads + in a process share credentials. + +setreuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden] + Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism + At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread + attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that + when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change + credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL + implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads + in a process share credentials. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add credentials(7) + +setuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that setuid() changes all UIDs when caller has CAP_SETUID + Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden] + Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism + At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread + attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that + when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change + credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL + implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads + in a process share credentials. + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add discussion of rt_sigaction(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL + The glibc wrapper gives an EINVAL error on attempts to change the + disposition of either of the two real-time signals used by NPTL. + +sigpending.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add discussion of rt_sigpending(2) + +sigprocmask.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add discussion of rt_sigprocmask(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL + The glibc wrapper silently ignores attempts to block the two + real-time signals used by NPTL. + +sigreturn.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add discussion of rt_sigreturn(2) + +sigsuspend.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add discussion of rt_sigsuspend(2) + +sigwaitinfo.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL + The glibc wrappers silently ignore attempts to wait for + signals used by NPTL. + Michael Kerrisk + Add discussion of rt_sigtimedwait(2) + +socket.2 + Heinrich Schuchardt + SEE ALSO close(2) + The description mentions close(2). Hence it should also be + referenced in the SEE ALSO section. + +syscall.2 + Jann Horn + Add x32 ABI + +umount.2 + Eric W. Biederman + Document the effect of shared subtrees on umount(2) + Eric W. Biederman + Correct the description of MNT_DETACH + I recently realized that I had been reasoning improperly about + what umount(MNT_DETACH) did based on an insufficient description + in the umount.2 man page, that matched my intuition but not the + implementation. + + When there are no submounts, MNT_DETACH is essentially harmless to + applications. Where there are submounts, MNT_DETACH changes what + is visible to applications using the detach directories. + Michael Kerrisk + Move "shared mount + umount" text to a subsection in NOTES + +aio_return.3 + Stéphane Aulery + Document the return value on error + Reported by Alexander Holler <holler@ahsoftware.de> + +clock.3 + Stéphane Aulery + CLOCKS_PER_SEC = 1000000 is required by XSI, not POSIX + Debian Bug #728213 reported by Tanaka Akira <akr@fsij.org> + + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=728213 + +dlopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Amend error in description of dlclose() behavior + The current text says that unloading depends on whether + the reference count falls to zero *and no other libraries + are using symbols in this library*. That latter text has + been there since man-pages-1.29, but it seems rather dubious. + How could the implementation know whether other libraries + are still using symbols in this library? Furthermore, no + other implementation's man page mentions this point. + Seems best to drop this point. + Michael Kerrisk + Add some details for RTLD_DEFAULT + Michael Kerrisk + Add some details on RTLD_NEXT and preloading + Michael Kerrisk + RTLD_NEXT works for symbols generally, not just functions + The common use case is for functions, but RTLD_NEXT + also applies to variable symbols. + Michael Kerrisk + dlclose() recursively closes dependent libraries + Note that dlclose() recursively closes dependent libraries + that were loaded by dlopen() + Michael Kerrisk + Rename second dlopen() argument from "flag" to "flags" + This is more consistent with other such arguments + Michael Kerrisk + Reformat text on RTLD_DEFAULT and RTLD_NEXT + +fmemopen.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The markings match glibc markings. + +fpathconf.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The marking matches glibc marking. + +fputwc.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The marking matches glibc marking. + +fputws.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The marking matches glibc marking. + +fseek.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The markings match glibc markings. + +fseeko.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The markings match glibc markings. + +gcvt.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The marking matches glibc marking. + +getline.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The marking matches glibc marking. + +getwchar.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The marking matches glibc marking. + +hypot.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The markings match glibc markings. + +iconv_open.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The marking matches glibc marking. + +if_nameindex.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The markings match glibc markings. + +initgroups.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The markings match glibc markings. + +mq_open.3 + Torvald Riegel + Add EINVAL error case for invalid name + This behavior is implementation-defined by POSIX. If the name + doesn't start with a '/', glibc returns EINVAL without attempting + the syscall. + +popen.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The marking matches glibc marking. + +pthread_kill.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL + The glibc pthread_kill() function gives an error on attempts + to send either of the real-time signals used by NPTL. + +pthread_sigmask.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL + The glibc implementation silently ignores attempts to block the two + real-time signals used by NPTL. + +pthread_sigqueue.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL + The glibc pthread_sigqueue() function gives an error on attempts + to send either of the real-time signals used by NPTL. + +resolver.3 + Stéphane Aulery [Jakub Wilk] + Document missing options used by _res structure indicate defaults + Missing options: RES_INSECURE1, RES_INSECURE2, RES_NOALIASES, + USE_INET6, ROTATE, NOCHECKNAME, RES_KEEPTSIG, BLAST, USEBSTRING, + NOIP6DOTINT, USE_EDNS0, SNGLKUP, SNGLKUPREOP, RES_USE_DNSSEC, + NOTLDQUERY, DEFAULT + + Written from the glibc source and resolv.conf.5. + + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=527136 + Stéphane Aulery + RES_IGNTC is implemented + +rint.3 + Matt Turner + Document that halfway cases are rounded to even + Per IEEE-754 rounding rules. + + The round(3) page describes the behavior of rint and nearbyint + in the halfway cases by saying: + + These functions round x to the nearest integer, but round + halfway cases away from zero [...], instead of to the + nearest even integer like rint(3) + +sigqueue.3 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify version info (mention rt_sigqueueinfo()) + +sigsetops.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL + The glibc sigfillset() function excludes the two real-time + signals used by NPTL. + +sigwait.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL + The glibc sigwait() silently ignore attempts to wait for + signals used by NPTL. + +strcoll.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The markings match glibc markings. + +strdup.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + The marking matches glibc marking. + +tzset.3 + J William Piggott + Add 'std' quoting information + +ulimit.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The marking matches glibc marking. + +wcstombs.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The marking matches glibc marking. + +wctob.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + The marking matches glibc marking. + +xdr.3 + Taisuke Yamada + Clarified incompatibility and correct usage of XDR API + See http://bugs.debian.org/628099 + +console_codes.4 + Scot Doyle + Add Console Private CSI sequence 15 + An undocumented escape sequence in drivers/tty/vt/vt.c brings the + previously accessed virtual terminal to the foreground. + mtk: Patch misattributed to Taisuke Yamada in Git commit + because of a muck up on my part. + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel version number for CSI sequence 15 + +random.4 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix permissions shown for the devices + These days, the devices are RW for everyone. + +filesystems.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove dubious claim about comparative performance of ext2 + Perhaps it was the best filesystem performance-wise in + the 20th century, when that text was written. That probably + ceased to be true quite a long time ago, though. + Stéphane Aulery + Add cross references for ext filesystems + Stéphane Aulery + Specifies the scope of this list and its limits. + +host.conf.5 +hosts.5 +resolv.conf.5 + Stéphane Aulery [Paul E Condon] + Cross references of these pages. + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=298259 + +host.conf.5 + Stéphane Aulery + Rework discussion of nospoof, spoofalert, spoof and RESOLV_SPOOF_CHECK + The keywords and environment variables "nospoof", "spoofalert", + "spoof" and RESOLV_SPOOF_CHECK were added to glibc 2.0.7 but + never implemented + + Move descriptions to historical section and reorder it for clarity + + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=773443 + +hosts.5 + Stéphane Aulery [Vincent Lefevre] + Mention 127.0.1.1 for FQDN and IPv6 examples + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=562890 + +proc.5 + Taisuke Yamada + Document /proc/PID/status VmPin field + See https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1071746 + Michael Kerrisk + Document (the obsolete) /proc/PID/seccomp + Michael Kerrisk + Replace description of 'uid_map' with a reference to user_namespaces(7) + All of the information in proc(5) was also present in + user_namespaces(7), but the latter was more detailed + and up to date. + Taisuke Yamada + Fix SELinux /proc/pid/attr/current example + Since the /proc/pid/attr API was added to the kernel, there + have been a couple of changes to the SELinux handling of + /proc/pid/attr/current. Fix the SELinux /proc/pid/attr/current + example text to reflect these changes and note which kernel + versions first included the changes. + +securetty.5 + Stéphane Aulery [Nicolas FRANCOIS] + Note that the pam_securetty module also uses this file + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=528015 + + This patch is a modified version of the one proposed without + parts specific to Debian. + +boot.7 + Michael Witten + Copy edit + While a lot of the changes are issues of presentation, + there are also issues of grammar and punctuation. + Michael Witten + Mention `systemd(1)' and its related `bootup(7)' + It's important that the reader receive contemporary information. + +credentials.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pthreads(7) + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to nptl(7) + +feature_test_macros.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Update discussion of _FORTIFY_SOURCE + Since the initial implementation a lot more checks were added. + Describe all the checks would be too verbose (and would soon + fall out of date as more checks are added). So instead, describe + the kinds of checks that are done more generally. + Also a few other minor edits to the text. + +hier.7 + Stéphane Aulery + First patch of a series to achieve compliance with FHS 2.3 + Stéphane Aulery + SGML and XML directories are separated in FHS 2.3 + Stéphane Aulery + Add missing directories defined by FHS 2.3 + Stéphane Aulery + Identify which directories are optional + Stéphane Aulery + Document /initrd, /lost+found and /sys + Ubuntu Bug #70094 reported by Brian Beck + https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/70094 + Stéphane Aulery + Explain YP, which is not obvious + +ipv6.7 + Stéphane Aulery [David Madore] + SOL_IPV6 and other SOL_* options socket are not portable + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=472447 + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Bill Pemberton] + Add indent(1) command that produces desired formatting for example code + Stéphane Aulery + Improve description of sections in accordance with intro pages + +packet.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework description of fanout algorithms as list + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mention of needing UID 0 to create packet socket + The existing text makes no sense. The check is based + purely on a capability check. (Kernel function + net/packet/af_packet.c::packet_create() + Michael Kerrisk + Remove text about ancient glibc not defining SOL_PACKET + This was fixed in glibc 2.1.1, which is a long while ago. + And in any case, there is nothing special about this case; + it's just one of those times when glibc lags. + Michael Kerrisk + Rework description of 'sockaddr_ll' fields as a list + Michael Kerrisk + Various minor edits + +pthreads.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add references to nptl(7) + +raw.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Rephrase "Linux 2.2" language to "Linux 2.2 or later" + The man page was written in the LInux 2.2 timeframe, and + some phrasing was not future-proof. + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note when Linux added realtime signals + Michael Kerrisk + Correct the range of realtime signals + Michael Kerrisk + Summarize 2.2 system call changes that resulted from larger signal sets + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add nptl(7) + +tcp.7 + Peter Adkins + Document removal of TCP_SYNQ_HSIZE + Looking over the man page for 'tcp' I came across a reference to + tuning the 'TCP_SYNQ_HSIZE' parameter when increasing + 'tcp_max_syn_backlog' above 1024. However, this static sizing was + removed back in Linux 2.6.20 in favor of dynamic scaling - as + part of commit 72a3effaf633bcae9034b7e176bdbd78d64a71db. + +user_namespaces.7 + Eric W. Biederman + Update the documentation to reflect the fixes for negative groups + Files with access permissions such as rwx---rwx give fewer + permissions to their group then they do to everyone else. Which + means dropping groups with setgroups(0, NULL) actually grants a + process privileges. + + The unprivileged setting of gid_map turned out not to be safe + after this change. Privileged setting of gid_map can be + interpreted as meaning yes it is ok to drop groups. [ Eric + additionally noted: Setting of gid_map with privilege has been + clarified to mean that dropping groups is ok. This allows + existing programs that set gid_map with privilege to work + without changes. That is, newgidmap(1) continues to work + unchanged.] + + To prevent this problem and future problems, user namespaces were + changed in such a way as to guarantee a user can not obtain + credentials without privilege that they could not obtain without + the help of user namespaces. + + This meant testing the effective user ID and not the filesystem + user ID, as setresuid(2) and setregid(2) allow setting any process + UID or GID (except the supplementary groups) to the effective ID. + + Furthermore, to preserve in some form the useful applications + that have been setting gid_map without privilege, the file + /proc/[pid]/setgroups was added to allow disabling setgroups(2). + With setgroups(2) permanently disabled in a user namespace, it + again becomes safe to allow writes to gid_map without privilege. + Michael Kerrisk + Rework some text describing permission rules for updating map files + No (intentional) change to the facts, but this restructuring + should make the meaning easier to grasp. + Michael Kerrisk + Update kernel version associated with 5-line limit for map files + As at Linux 3.18, the limit is still five lines, so mention the + more recent kernel version in the text. + Michael Kerrisk [Alban Crequy] + Handle /proc/PID/setgroups in the example program + Michael Kerrisk + Rework text describing restrictions on updating /proc/PID/setgroups + No (intentional) changes to factual description, but the + restructured text is hopefully easier to grasp. + Michael Kerrisk + Explain why the /proc/PID/setgroups file was added + +ldconfig.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Note use of /lib64 and /usr/lib64 on some 64-bit architectures + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Note the use of /lib64 and /usr/lib64 on some 64-bit architectures + + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-3.83 ==================== + +Released: 2015-04-19, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andreas Baak <andreas.baak@gmail.com> +Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca> +cdlscpmv <cdlscpmv@gmail.com> +Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> +Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> +David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> +Dima Tisnek <dimaqq@gmail.com> +Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com> +Fabien Pichot <fpichot@bouledef.eu> +Felix Sedlmeier <sedlmeier@gmx.de> +Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy <glebfm@altlinux.org> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net> +Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> +Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com> +Ma Shimiao <mashimiao.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@gnutls.org> +Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com> +Pierre Chifflier <pollux@debian.org> +Robin H. Johnson <robbat2@gentoo.org> +Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> +Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> +Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> +Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de> +William Woodruff <william@tuffbizz.com> +YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <hideaki.yoshifuji@miraclelinux.com> +Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +posix_madvise.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting posix_madvise(3) + +ftw.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Reorganize the page to give primacy to nftw() + nftw() is the better API, and POSIX.1-2008 marks ftw() obsolete. + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +getdents.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Dima Tisnek] + Document getdents64() + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14795 + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk, Theodore Ts'o [Eric Sandeen, Andreas Dilger, + Omar Sandoval, Darrick J. Wong] + Document MS_LAZYTIME + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/PID/fdinfo epoll format + Michael Kerrisk + Describe /proc/PID/fdinfo eventfd format + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/PID/fdinfo signalfd format + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +newfstatat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to fstatat64.2 + +prlimit64.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to getrlimit.2 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various section 3 math pages + Michael Kerrisk + Note that these functions are also in POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008 + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +getent.1 + Robin H. Johnson + Document options + The options to getent are now documented, after being around for + nearly a decade without changes. + Michael Kerrisk + Document help and version options + +fallocate.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix kernel version number for FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE + FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE was added in 3.15, not 3.14. + Michael Kerrisk + Note that SMB3 added FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE support in Linux 3.17 + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that the underlying system call for prlimit() is prlimit64() + Michael Kerrisk + Remove "_FILE_OFFSET_BITS == 64" from prlimit() FTM requirements + "_FILE_OFFSET_BITS == 64" is not needed to get the prlimit() + declaration. + +ioctl_list.2 + Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos + SIOCADDRT accepts in6_rtmsg in INET6 protocol + Heinrich Schuchardt + TFD_IOC_SET_TICKS + timerfd_create.2 mentions TFD_IOC_SET_TICKS. We should add it to + ioctl_list.2, too. + +llseek.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Advise reader to use lseek(2) instead + Michael Kerrisk + llseek() exists on 32-bit platforms to support seeking to large offsets + +madvise.2 + David Rientjes + Specify MADV_REMOVE returns EINVAL for hugetlbfs + madvise(2) actually returns with error EINVAL for MADV_REMOVE + when used for hugetlb VMAs, not EOPNOTSUPP, and this has been + the case since MADV_REMOVE was introduced in commit f6b3ec238d12 + ("madvise(MADV_REMOVE): remove pages from tmpfs shm backing + store"). Specify the exact behavior. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add posix_madvise(2) + +poll.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Baak] + SEE ALSO: add epoll(7) + +posix_fadvise.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection + +pread.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection + +seccomp.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Pierre Chifflier, Kees Cook] + Note that seccomp_data is read-only + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add some details on various "stat" versions + Three versions of "stat" appeared on 32-bit systems, + dealing with structures of different (increasing) sizes. + Explain some of the details, and also note that the + situation is simpler on modern 64-bit architectures. + Michael Kerrisk + Add mention of newfstatat() + The underlying system call for fstatat() is newfstatat() + on some architectures. + +symlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] + ERRORS: add linkpath=="" case for ENOENT + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove prlimit() + There really is only the prlimit64() system call. + Michael Kerrisk + Add some details about the "multiple versions of system calls" + The multiple-system-call-version phenomenon is particularly a + feature of older 32-bit platforms. Hint at that fact in the text. + +timerfd_create.2 + Cyrill Gorcunov [Michael Kerrisk] + Document TFD_IOC_SET_TICKS ioctl() operation + Michael Kerrisk + Add some details to C library/kernel ABI differences + +unshare.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Fabien Pichot] + Remove mention of "System V" from discussion of CLONE_NEWIPC + These days, CLONE_NEWIPC also affects POSIX message queues. + +asprintf.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +carg.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate + +ccos.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + Michael Kerrisk + Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate + +ccosh.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate + +cexp.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +clock.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that is thread-safe + +clog.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate + +csin.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + Michael Kerrisk + Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate + +csinh.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + Michael Kerrisk + Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate + +csqrt.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + Michael Kerrisk + Simplify description of what these functions calculate + +ctan.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + Michael Kerrisk + Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate + +ctanh.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + Michael Kerrisk + Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate + +ctime.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe + +exec.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SYNOPSIS: Clarify calling signature for execl() and execlp() + Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Baak] + Correct prototype for execle() + Make the prototype shown into correct C. + +ftw.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Felix Sedlmeier] + ftw() and nftw() differ for the non-stat-able symlink case + The POSIX specification of ftw() says that an un-stat-able + symlink may yield either FTW_NS or FTW_SL. The specification + of nftw() does not carry this statement. + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: add POSIX.1-2008 + Michael Kerrisk + Update POSIX version references in NOTES + +getcwd.3 + Jann Horn [Michael Kerrisk] + Note behavior for unreachable current working directory + Michael Kerrisk + Add ENOMEM error + +gethostbyname.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] + Clarify that NO_ADDRESS and NO_DATA are synonyms + Michael Kerrisk + Add some detail for NO_DATA + Text consistent with POSIX and FreeBSD's gethostbyname() man page. + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe + +getnetent.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe + +get_nprocs_conf.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +getutent.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe + +glob.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe + +insque.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +login.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe + +lseek64.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify details with respect to 32-bit and 64-bit systems + +malloc.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add ENOMEM error + +mbsnrtowcs.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe + +mbsrtowcs.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe + +mq_notify.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection + +mq_open.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Fabien Pichot] + NOTES: explain differences from the underlying system call + The check for the slash at the start of a pathname is done in glibc + +openpty.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe + +perror.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +posix_memalign.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe + +printf.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + Walter Harms [Michael Kerrisk] + Simplify the example code + +qsort.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley] + alphasort() and versionsort() are not suitable for 'compar' + In glibc 2.10, the prototypes of alphasort() and versionsort() + were changed so that the arguments switched from 'const void *' to + 'const struct dirent **', to match the POSIX.1-2008 specification + of alphasort(). As such, compiler warnings will result if + these functions are used as the arguments of qsort(). + + warning: passing argument 4 of 'qsort' from incompatible + pointer type + expected '__compar_fn_t' but argument is of type + 'int (*)(const struct dirent **, const struct dirent **)' + + Therefore, remove the ancient NOTES text suggesting that + alphasort() and versionsort() can be used as suitable + 'compar' arguments for qsort(). + +realpath.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] + Add ENOMEM error + +scandir.3 + Michael Kerrisk + glibc 2.10 changed the argument types for alphasort() and versionsort() + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +scanf.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +setnetgrent.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe + +significand.3 + Ma Shimiao + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +strcasecmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] + Clarify that strcasecmp() does a byte-wise comparison + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: add POSIX.1-2008 + +unlocked_stdio.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe + +updwtmp.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe + +wcrtomb.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe + +wcsnrtombs.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe + +wcsrtombs.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe + +wordexp.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe + +wprintf.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe "mnt_id" field of /proc/PID/fdinfo + Michael Kerrisk + Note that abstract sockets are included in /proc/net/unix + Michael Kerrisk + Update description /proc/sys/unix 'Type' field + The existing text was very crufty. UNIX domain sockets + support more than SOCK_STREAM for a _very_ long time now. + Michael Kerrisk + Add some detail to /proc/PID/timers + Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka] + Enhance discussion of /proc/PID/status 'VmSwap' field + +epoll.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add poll(2) and select(2) + +icmp.7 + YOSHIFUJI Hideaki/吉藤英明 + Document net.ipv4.ping_group_range knob + +nptl.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to timer_create(2) + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-4.00 ==================== + +Released: 2015-05-07, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Advait Dixi <advaitdixit@hotmail.com> +Alain Kalker <a.c.kalker@gmail.com> +Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> +Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> +Andreas Heiduk <asheiduk@googlemail.com> +Askar Safin <safinaskar@mail.ru> +Brice Goglin <Brice.Goglin@inria.fr> +Cameron Norman <camerontnorman@gmail.com> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> +Christophe Lohr <Christophe.Lohr@telecom-bretagne.eu> +Christopher Head <chead@chead.ca> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> +David Wilcox <davidvsthegiant@gmail.com> +Denis Du <denisdu@ruggedcom.com> +Egmont Koblinger <egmont@gmail.com> +Filipe Brandenburger <filbranden@gmail.com> +Filipus Klutiero <chealer@gmail.com> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +Frédéric Maria <frederic.maria@free.fr> +Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy <glebfm@altlinux.org> +Graham Shaw <gdshaw@riscpkg.org> +Gregor Jasny <igjasny@googlemail.com> +Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org> +Guy Harris <guy@alum.mit.edu> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Ian Pilcher <arequipeno@gmail.com> +Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net> +Jason Newton <nevion@gmail.com> +J. Bruce Fields <bfields@fieldses.org> +Jiri Pirko <jpirko@redhat.com> +Joachim Wuttke <j.wuttke@fz-juelich.de> +Joern Heissler <contact@joern.heissler.de> +Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> +Joonas Salo <salo.joonas@gmail.com> +Jussi Lehtola <jussilehtola@fedoraproject.org> +Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> +KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> +Laurence Gonsalves <laurence@xenomachina.com> +Magnus REFTEL <magnus.xm.reftel@stericsson.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de> +Regid Ichira <regid23@nt1.in> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Steinar H. Gunderson <sgunderson@bigfoot.com> +Stéphane Aulery <saulery@free.fr> +Stephane Fillod <fillods@users.sf.net> +Tetsuo Handa <from-linux-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp> +Thomas Hood <jdthood@gmail.com> +Urs Thuermann <urs@isnogud.escape.de> +Vasiliy Kulikov <segooon@gmail.com> +Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com> +Weijie Yang <weijie.yang@samsung.com> +William Woodruff <william@tuffbizz.com> +Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +get_phys_pages.3 + William Woodruff + Document get_phys_pages() and get_avphys_pages() + +loop.4 + Urs Thuermann, Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting the loop device + +xattr.7 + Andreas Gruenbacher + Import attr(5) man page from the 'attr' project + After discussions with Andreas Gruenbacher, it makes sense to + move this page into man-pages, since it mostly relates to + kernel details. Since this is an overview page, + we'll move it to Section 7. + Michael Kerrisk + Rename page + "xattr" is a more meaningful name than "attr" (it resonates + with the names of the system calls), so as long as we are + moving the page to a new section, we'll change the name as well, + and retain an acl(5) link so that old references remain valid. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +mmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Andi Kleen] + Document MAP_HUGE_2MB, MAP_HUGE_1GB, and MAP_HUGE_SHIFT + +shmget.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Andi Kleen] + Document SHM_HUGE_2MB, SHM_HUGE_1GB, and SHM_HUGE_SHIFT + +resolver.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jonathan Nieder] + Add descriptions of some other resolver functions + Add res_ninit(), res_nquery(), res_nsearch(), + and res_nquerydomain(), res_nmkquery(), res_nsend(). + +tty_ioctl.4 + Frédéric Maria [Stephane Fillod, Andreas Heiduk] + Document TIOCMIWAIT and TIOCGICOUNT + Michael Kerrisk + Document TIOCGEXCL + Michael Kerrisk + Document TIOGCPKT + Michael Kerrisk + Document TIOCSPTLCK + Michael Kerrisk + Document TIOCGPTLCK + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +CMSG_DATA.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to cmsg(3) + +CMSG_LEN.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to cmsg(3) + +dprintf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Convert to a link to printf.3 + +get_avphys_pages.3 + William Woodruff + New link to new get_phys_pages.3 page + +res_ninit.3 +res_nmkquery.3 +res_nquery.3 +res_nquerydomain.3 +res_nsearch.3 +res_nsend.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to resolver(3) man page + +loop-control.4 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to loop.4 + +attr.5 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to xattr(7) + + +Global changes +-------------- + +chown.2 +execve.2 +prctl.2 +truncate.2 +proc.5 +capabilities.7 +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Tighter wording: 'mode bit' rather than 'permission bit' + For sticky, set-UID, and set-GID mode bits (as used in POSIX). + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +add_key.2 +keyctl.2 +request_key.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add keyrings(7) + +add_key.2 +request_key.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add keyctl(3) + +epoll_ctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + After EPOLLHUP, EOF will be seen only after all data has been consumed + +epoll_wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that signal mask treatment in epoll_pwait() is per-thread + s/sigprocmask()/pthread_sigmask()/ + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Vegard Nossum] + Note an F_SETSIG corner case + +get_mempolicy.2, set_mempolicy + Brice Goglin + Policy is per thread, not per process + +getxattr.2 +listxattr.2 +removexattr.2 +setxattr.2 +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Adjust "attr(5)" references to "xattr(7)" + +ioctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add console_ioctl(2) and tty_ioctl(2) + +listxattr.2 +xattr.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe listxattr(2) E2BIG error and document it as a BUG + +mkdir.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Wording fixes + point reader at stat(2) for explanation of file mode + Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Grünbacher] + Further tweaks to text on S_ISVTX and 'mode' argument + +mknod.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewordings + point reader at stat(2) for details of mode bits + +mmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove text that implies that munmap() syncs MAP_SHARED mapping to file + The existing text in this page: + + MAP_SHARED Share this mapping. Updates to the mapping + are visible to other processes that map this + file, and are carried through to the underly‐ + ing file. The file may not actually be + updated until msync(2) or munmap() is called. + + implies that munmap() will sync the mapping to the underlying + file. POSIX doesn't require this, and some light reading of the + code and some light testing (fsync() after munmap() of a large + file) also indicates that Linux doesn't do this. + +msync.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework text of DESCRIPTION + Rewrite the text somewhat, for easier comprehension. + No (intentional) changes to factual content + +nfsservctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [J. Bruce Fields] + Note that nfsservctl() was replaced by files in nfsd filesystem + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Gruenbacher] + open() honors the S_ISVTX, S_ISUID, and S_ISGID bits in 'mode' + Michael Kerrisk + Tighten wording: use 'mode bit' rather than 'permission bit' + Michael Kerrisk [NeilBrown] + BUGS: O_CREAT | O_DIRECTORY succeeds if pathname does not exist + +poll.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Ian Pilcher] + Clarify that signal mask treatment in ppoll() is per-thread + s/sigprocmask()/pthread_sigmask()/ + Michael Kerrisk [Sam Varshavchik] + After POLLHUP, EOF will be seen only after all data has been consumed + Michael Kerrisk + Make it clearer which bits are ignored in 'events' + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [David Wilcox, Filipe Brandenburger] + Note that "parent" for purposes of PR_SET_DEATHSIG is a *thread* + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=43300 + +sendfile.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jason Newton] + Note that sendfile does not support O_APPEND for 'out_fd' + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=82841 + Michael Kerrisk [Gregor Jasny] + RETURN VALUE: note the possibility of "short sends" + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97491 + Michael Kerrisk [Askar Safin] + Clarify text on 'out_fd' and regular files in Linux 2.4 + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86001 + +shutdown.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Stéphane Aulery] + BUGS: UNIX domain sockets now detect invalid 'how' values + Bug fixed in Linux 3.7. + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=47111 + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer the reader to fcntl(2) F_SETSIG for further details on si_fd + +stat.2 + Jann Horn + Add note about stat() being racy + Andreas Gruenbacher + Improve description of some mode constants + Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Grünbacher] + Remove excessive leading zeros on some constants + Michael Kerrisk + Add text on POSIX terms "file mode bits" and "file permission bits" + Recent changes to various pages employ this distinction. + Michael Kerrisk + Tighten wording: use 'mode bit' rather than 'permission bit' + According to POSIX, the 9 UGO*RWX bits are permissions, and + 'mode' is used to refer to collectively to those bits plus sticky, + set-UID, and set_GID bits. + +syslog.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add dmesg(1) + +umask.2 +open.2 +mknod.2 +mkdir.2 + Andreas Gruenbacher + Explain what default ACLs do + Explain the effect that default ACLs have (instead of the umask) + in umask.2. Mention that default ACLs can have an affect in + open.2, mknod.2, and mkdir.2. + +unshare.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] + Give the reader a hint that unshare() works on processes or threads + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=59281 + +atexit.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +bsearch.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +cmsg.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Christopher Head] + Fix error in SCM_RIGHTS code sample + Remove erroneous second initialization of msg.msg_controllen + in the example code for SCM_RIGHTS. + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=15952 + +CPU_SET.3 + Chris Metcalf + Clarify language about "available" cpus + The CPU_SET.3 man page uses the adjective "available" when + explaining what the argument to CPU_SET() means. This is + confusing, since "available" isn't well-defined. The kernel + has a set of adjectives (possible, present, online, and active) + that qualify cpus, but normally none of these are what the + cpu_set_t bit index means: it's just "which cpu", using the + kernel's internal numbering system, even if that cpu isn't + possible or present. + + This change removes the word "available" and adds a sentence + warning that cpu sets may not be contiguous due to dynamic + cpu hotplug, etc. + +err.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +ftw.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +gethostbyname.3 + Carlos O'Donell + NSS plugins searched first + Carlos O'Donell + "order" is obsolete + +gethostid.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe + +getmntent.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe + +get_nprocs_conf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Use exit() rather than return in main() + +getopt.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Guy Harris] + Remove crufty BUGS section + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90261 + +iconv_close.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +inet_ntop.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +longjmp.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +lsearch.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +mcheck.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe + +on_exit.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +printf.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Egmont Koblinger] + Merge dprintf() and vdprintf() discussion into this page + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add puts(3) + Michael Kerrisk + Move return value discussion to proper RETURN VALUE section + +putpwent.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +qsort.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +regex.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Laurence Gonsalves] + Fix error in description of 'cflags' + 'cflags' is a bit mask of *zero* (not one) or more flags. + +resolver.3 + Stéphane Aulery + Add info about RES_INSECURE1 and RES_INSECURE2 option in debug mode + +scanf.3 + Joern Heissler + Improve description of %n specifier + +setjmp.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +setlocale.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe + +setlogmask.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe + +sleep.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe + +strsignal.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe + +sysconf.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +undocumented.3 + William Woodruff + Remove documented functions + +tty_ioctl.4 + Michael Kerrisk [Denis Du] + Fix error in code example + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Cameron Norman, Vasiliy Kulikov] + Document /proc mount options + Document the 'hidepid' and 'gid' mount options that were added in + Linux 3.3. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90641 + Based on text by Vasiliy Kulikov in + Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt. + Michael Kerrisk [Kirill A. Shutemov] + Improve description of /proc/PID/status + Guillem Jover + Document /proc/PID/exe behaviour on unlinked pathnames + Michael Kerrisk [Weijie Yang] + Document /proc/PID/status VmPMD + +resolv.conf.5 + Stéphane Aulery [Thomas Hood] + Document use-vc option added to glibc 2.14 + Fix Ubuntu bug #1110781: + https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/1110781 + Stéphane Aulery [Thomas Hood] + Document RES_SNGLKUPREOP + Fix Ubuntu bug #1110781: + https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/1110781 + +tzfile.5 + Sam Varshavchik + Add various details on version 2 format + +aio.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add details and update URL for OLS 2003 paper on AIO + +bootparam.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Alain Kalker] + Update discussion of 'debug' option + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97161 + Michael Kerrisk + Summary of multiple changes: remove cruft from this page. + Much of the detail on hardware specifics in this page dates + from the 20th century. (The last major update to this page was in + man-pages-1.14!) It's hugely out of date now (many of these + devices disappeared from the kernel years ago.) So, I've taken + a large scythe to the page to remove anything that looks + seriously dated. In the process, the page has shrunk to less + than 50% of its previous size. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove "buff=" details + This seems to have gone away in Linux 2.2. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty "Mouse drivers" options + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty "General non-device-specific boot arguments" options + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty "Hard disks" options + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty "mem=" details + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty details on IBM MCA bus devices + Michael Kerrisk + Remove 'swap=" details + This seems to have gone away in Linux 2.2, + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty floppy disk driver options + In the specific case of floppy drives: the drivers still + exist, but it's been a while since most of saw these devices + in the wild. So, just refer the reader to the kernel source + file for details. (The detail in this man page was after all + originally drawn from that file.) + Remove crufty "ISDN drivers" options + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty "line printer driver" options + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty "Serial port drivers" options + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty reference to CONFIG_BUGi386 + That option disappeared in Linux 2.4. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty text + "bootsetups array" dates from Linux 2.0. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty "Video hardware" options + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty SCSI device driver options + +fanotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt] + Since Linux 3.19, fallocate(2) generates FAN_MODIFY events + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt] + Since Linux 3.19, fallocate(2) generates IN_MODIFY events + +ip.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Explain how IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP determines its argument type + Michael Kerrisk [Jiri Pirko, Magnus REFTEL] + Clarify details of the IP_MULTICAST_IF socket option + Michael Kerrisk [Advait Dixi] + Remove dubious text that says that SO_PRIORITY sets IP TOS + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=35852 + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate misplaced text describing ENOPROTOOPT error + +packet.7 + Graham Shaw + Add sll_protocol to list of required fields for outbound packets + +pthreads.7 + Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro] + Using thread IDs whose lifetime has expired gives undefined behavior + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=53061 + +raw.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Tetsuo Handa] + For incoming datagrams, sin_port is set to zero + Michael Kerrisk + Mention sendto(), recvfrom(), and so on when discussing address format + This gives the reader a little context for the following + discussion of 'sin_port'. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty reference to <netinet/in.h> + Michael Kerrisk + Replace reference to RFC 1700 with pointer to IANA protocol number list + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Steinar H. Gunderson] + Clarify that I/O operations on disks are not interrupted by signals + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97721 + +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Christophe Lohr] + Remove mention of UNIX_PATH_MAX + This kernel constant is not exposed to user space. + Michael Kerrisk + Note the 108 bytes for sun_path is how things are done on Linux + And refer the reader to NOTES for discussion of portability. + +xattr.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document EA limits for Btrfs + Michael Kerrisk + Document VFS-imposed limits on EAs + VFS imposes a 255-byte limit on EA names, and a 64kB limit on + EA values. + Michael Kerrisk + The ext[234] block limitation applies to sum of all EAs + It is not a per-EA limit. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify permissions required to work with 'user' EAs + Michael Kerrisk + ext2 and ext3 no longer need mounting with 'user_xattr' for user EAs + Michael Kerrisk + Add various relevant pages to SEE ALSO + Michael Kerrisk + Add CONFORMING TO section + Michael Kerrisk + Modify headings to man-pages norms + Michael Kerrisk + Btrfs also supports extended attributes + Michael Kerrisk + File capabilities are implemented using *security* attributes + Not *system* attributes + Michael Kerrisk + Describe limit on EA values for JFS, XFS, and Reiserfs + Michael Kerrisk + Explicitly mention some of the xattr system calls in DESCRIPTION + Naming the system calls helps to orient the reader + +nscd.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Add mention of 'services' and 'netgroup' databases + This makes the page consistent with nscd.conf(5). + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-4.01 ==================== + +Released: 2015-07-23, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> +Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Arjun Shankar <arjun@redhat.com> +Ashish Sangwan <a.sangwan@samsung.com> +Ben Woodard <woodard@redhat.com> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Christoph Thompson <cjsthompson@gmail.com> +Cortland Setlow <cortland.setlow@gmail.com> +Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> +David Leppik <dleppik@vocalabs.com> +Dilyan Palauzov <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org> +Doug Klima <cardoe@gentoo.org> +Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +Hack NDo <hackndo@gmail.com> +Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net> +Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com> +Jian Wen <wenjianhn@gmail.com> +Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de> +Julian Orth <ju.orth@gmail.com> +Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> +Laszlo Ersek <lacos@caesar.elte.hu> +Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com> +Mehdi Aqadjani Memar <m.aqadjanimemar@student.vu.nl> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Mike Hayward <hayward@loup.net> +Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu> +Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> +Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com> +Nathan Lynch <nathan_lynch@mentor.com> +NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de> +Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com> +Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> +Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Scot Doyle <lkml14@scotdoyle.com> +Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com> +Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org> +Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho <tuliom@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Uwe Kleine-König <uwe+debian@kleine-koenig.org> +Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com> +Ville Skyttä <ville.skytta@iki.fi> +Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> +Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com> +文剑 <wenjianhn@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +bpf.2 + Alexei Starovoitov, Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Borkmann] + New page documenting bpf(2) + +__ppc_get_timebase.3 + Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho + New page documenting __ppc_get_timebase() and __ppc_get_timebase_freq() + Glibc 2.16 was released with a new function for the Power + architecture that can read its Time Base Register. + Glibc 2.17 adds a function to read the frequency at which the Time + Base Register of Power processors is updated. + +queue.3 + Michael Kerrisk [David Leppik, Doug Klima] + Reimport from latest FreeBSD page + Long ago, Doug Klima noted that many macros were not + documented in the queue(3) page. Fix by reimporting from + latest [1] FreeBSD man page. + + [1] Revision 263142, Modified Fri Mar 14 03:07:51 2014 UTC + + This also fixes https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=1506 + + This time, I'll learn from past mistakes and not convert + from 'mdoc' to 'man' macros. + Michael Kerrisk + Use subsections in DESCRIPTION + Michael Kerrisk + Remove SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent tree(3) + Michael Kerrisk + Use real hyphens in code samples + Michael Kerrisk + Comment out text for functions not in glibc + Michael Kerrisk + Replace HISTORY with CONFORMING TO + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +rename.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Miklos Szeredi] + Document RENAME_WHITEOUT + Heavily based on text by Miklos Szeredi. + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +__ppc_get_timebase_freq.3 + Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho + New link to new __ppc_get_timebase(3) page + +LIST_EMPTY.3 +LIST_FIRST.3 +LIST_FOREACH.3 +LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3 +LIST_INSERT_BEFORE.3 +LIST_NEXT.3 +SLIST_EMPTY.3 +SLIST_ENTRY.3 +SLIST_FIRST.3 +SLIST_FOREACH.3 +SLIST_HEAD.3 +SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3 +SLIST_INIT.3 +SLIST_INSERT_AFTER.3 +SLIST_INSERT_HEAD.3 +SLIST_NEXT.3 +SLIST_REMOVE.3 +SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD.3 +STAILQ_CONCAT.3 +STAILQ_EMPTY.3 +STAILQ_ENTRY.3 +STAILQ_FIRST.3 +STAILQ_FOREACH.3 +STAILQ_HEAD.3 +STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3 +STAILQ_INIT.3 +STAILQ_INSERT_AFTER.3 +STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD.3 +STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL.3 +STAILQ_NEXT.3 +STAILQ_REMOVE.3 +STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD.3 +TAILQ_CONCAT.3 +TAILQ_EMPTY.3 +TAILQ_FIRST.3 +TAILQ_FOREACH.3 +TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE.3 +TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3 +TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE.3 +TAILQ_LAST.3 +TAILQ_NEXT.3 +TAILQ_PREV.3 +TAILQ_SWAP.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to queue.3 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk [Andries E. Brouwer] + Remove "ABI" from "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheadings + The "ABI" doesn't really convey anything significant in + the title. These subsections are about describing differences + between the kernel and (g)libc interfaces. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +intro.1 + Michael Kerrisk [Andries E. Brouwer] + Drop intro paragraph on '$?' shell variable + As Andries notes, this piece of text is rather out of place in + a page that was intended to provide a tutorial introduction for + beginners logging in on a Linux system. + +locale.1 + Marko Myllynen + A minor output format clarification + A minor clarification for the locale output format which was + brought up at + https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18516. + + For reference, see + https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18516 + http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/locale.html + + Add CONFORMING TO section + +capget.2 + Julian Orth + Clarify that hdrp->pid==0 is equivalent gettid() not getpid() + +chroot.2 + Jann Horn + chroot() is not intended for security; document attack + It is unfortunate that this discourages this use of chroot(2) + without pointing out alternative solutions - for example, + OpenSSH and vsftpd both still rely on chroot(2) for security. + + Bind mounts should theoretically be usable as a replacement, but + currently, they have a similar problem (CVE-2015-2925) that hasn't + been fixed in ~6 months, so I'd rather not add it to the manpage + as a solution before a fix lands. + +clock_getres.2 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +eventfd.2 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Elaborate on envp/argv as NULL behavior + +_exit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Open stdio frames are not flushed, temporary files are deleted + Many years ago, text was added to the page saying that it is + implementation-dependent whether stdio streams are flushed and + whether temporary are removed. In part, this change appears to + be because POSIX.1-2001 added text related to this point. + However, that seems to have been an error in POSIX, and the + text was subsequently removed for POSIX.1-2008. See + https://collaboration.opengroup.org/austin/interps/documents/9984/AI-085.txt + Austin Group Interpretation reference 1003.1-2001 #085 + +fallocate.2 + Namjae Jeon [Michael Kerrisk] + Document FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE + Michael Kerrisk + Since Linux 4.2, ext4 supports FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + OFD locks are proposed for inclusion in the next POSIX revision + +getrlimit.2 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +getrusage.2 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +gettid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that for a thread group leader, gettid() == getpid() + +iopl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove some historical libc5 and glibc 1 details + These details are ancient, and long ago ceased to be relevant. + +ioprio_set.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jens Axboe] + Document meaning of ioprio==0 + +mlock.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Mehdi Aqadjani Memar] + Document another ENOMEM error case + ENOMEM can occur if locking/unlocking in the middle of a region + would increase the number of VMAs beyond the system limit (64k). + +mmap.2 + Michal Hocko [Eric B Munson] + Clarify MAP_POPULATE + David Rientjes has noticed that MAP_POPULATE wording might promise + much more than the kernel actually provides and intends to provide. + The primary usage of the flag is to pre-fault the range. There is + no guarantee that no major faults will happen later on. The pages + might have been reclaimed by the time the process tries to access + them. + Michal Hocko [Eric B Munson] + Clarify MAP_LOCKED semantics + MAP_LOCKED had a subtly different semantic from mmap(2)+mlock(2) + since it has been introduced. + mlock(2) fails if the memory range cannot get populated to + guarantee that no future major faults will happen on the range. + mmap(MAP_LOCKED) on the other hand silently succeeds even if + the range was populated only partially. + + Fixing this subtle difference in the kernel is rather awkward + because the memory population happens after mm locks have been + dropped and so the cleanup before returning failure (munlock) + could operate on something else than the originally mapped area. + + E.g. speculative userspace page fault handler catching SEGV and + doing mmap(fault_addr, MAP_FIXED|MAP_LOCKED) might discard portion + of a racing mmap and lead to lost data. Although it is not clear + whether such a usage would be valid, mmap page doesn't explicitly + describe requirements for threaded applications so we cannot + exclude this possibility. + + This patch makes the semantic of MAP_LOCKED explicit and suggests + using mmap + mlock as the only way to guarantee no later major + page faults. + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: point out that ENOMEM can occur even for munmap() + +mprotect.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note ENOMEM error that can occur when we reach limit on maximum VMAs + +open.2 +read.2 +write.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Hayward] + Clarify that O_NONBLOCK is a no-op for regular files and block devices + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver [Joerg Roedel] + Exclude_host/exclude_guest clarification + This patch relates to the exclude_host and exclude_guest bits added + by the following commit: + + exclude_host, exclude_guest; Linux 3.2 + commit a240f76165e6255384d4bdb8139895fac7988799 + Author: Joerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com> + Date: Wed Oct 5 14:01:16 2011 +0200 + + perf, core: Introduce attrs to count in either host or guest mode + + The updated manpage text clarifies that the "exclude_host" and + "exclude_guest" perf_event_open() attr bits only apply in the + context of a KVM environment and are currently x86 only. + Vince Weaver + Document PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR + This patch relates to the addition of PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR + support added in the following commit: + + perf_sample_regs_intr; Linux 3.19 + commit 60e2364e60e86e81bc6377f49779779e6120977f + Author: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> + + perf: Add ability to sample machine state on interrupt + + The primary difference between PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR and the + existing PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER is that the new support will + return kernel register values. Also if precise_ip is + set higher than 0 then the PEBS register state will be returned + rather than the saved interrupt state. + + This patch incorporates feedback from Stephane Eranian and + Andi Kleen. + +prctl.2 +seccomp.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that SECCOMP_SET_MODE_STRICT disallows exit_group(2) + These days, glibc implements _exit() as a wrapper around + exit_group(2). (When seccomp was originally introduced, this was + not the case.) Give the reader a clue that, despite what glibc is + doing, what SECCOMP_SET_MODE_STRICT permits is the true _exit(2) + system call, and not exit_group(2). + +pread.2 +read.2 +readv.2 +sendfile.2 +write.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that Linux limits transfers to a maximum of 0x7ffff000 bytes + See https://bugs.debian.org/629994 and + https://bugs.debian.org/630029. + +pread.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite RETURN VALUE section + (Also drop the text on pwrite() returning zero; that seems bogus.) + +ptrace.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Vegard Nossum] + PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT clarification + +readv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove BUGS heading + The text on mixing I/O syscalls and stdio is a general point + of behavior. It's not a bug as such. + +recv.2 +send.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Explain some subtleties of MSG_DONTWAIT versus O_NONBLOCK + +rename.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Michael Kerrisk + Note that RENAME_NOREPLACE can't be employed with RENAME_EXCHANGE + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add an example program + Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] + Explain how to deal with 1024-CPU limitation of glibc's cpu_set_t type + Michael Kerrisk + Mention the use of the 'isolcpus' kernel boot option + +sched_setattr.2 + Julian Orth + Remove a const attribute + The attr argument of sched_setattr was documented as const but the + kernel will modify the size field of this struct if it contains an + invalid value. See the documentation of the size field for details. + +seccomp.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add bpf(2) + +send.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Expand on subtleties of MSG_NOSIGNAL versus ignoring SIGPIPE + +sigaltstack.2 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +socket.2 + Stephan Mueller + Update documentation reference for AF_ALG + +truncate.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: ftruncate() can fail if the file descriptor is not writable + +utimensat.2 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + After research, We think utimensat() and futimens() are thread-safe. + But, there are not markings of utimensat() and futimens() in glibc + document. + +clearenv.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + +dl_iterate_phdr.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +error.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe + +fexecve.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +fpurge.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +fread.3 + Andries E. Brouwer + Clarify terminology + In the "RETURN VALUE" section the word item is in italics + as if it were one of the function parameters. But the word + "item" occurs here for the first time, earlier the text + uses "element". [Patch improves this.] + +fts.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe + +getaddrinfo.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +getaddrinfo_a.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +getauxval.3 + Michael Kerrisk + File capabilities also trigger AT_SECURE + Michael Kerrisk + (Briefly) document AT_HWCAP2 + +getgrent_r.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe + +gethostbyname.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Laszlo Ersek] + Remove mention of IPv6 addresses, which are not supported + As reported by Laszlo Ersek: + + gethostbyname(3) fails to resolve the IPv6 address "::1", + but the manual page says: "If name is an IPv4 or IPv6 address, + no lookup is performed and gethostbyname() simply copies name + into the h_name field [...]". + + Debian bug report: + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=455762 + + glibc bug report: + http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5479 + + SUSv3 link for gethostbyname(3): + http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/gethostbyname.html + + It seems that the glibc behavior is conformant, and the manual + page is in error. + +getifaddrs.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +getnameinfo.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +getnetent_r.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +getprotoent.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe + +getprotoent_r.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +getpw.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +getpwent_r.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe + +getrpcent.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe + +getrpcent_r.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +getrpcport.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +getservent.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe + +getservent_r.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +gsignal.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +key_setsecret.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +malloc_get_state.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +malloc_info.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +malloc_stats.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +malloc_trim.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +MB_LEN_MAX.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify meaning of MB_LEN_MAX + Michael Kerrisk [Pádraig Brady] + MB_LEN_MAX is 16 in modern glibc versions + +memcpy.3 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: describe the glibc 2.13 changes that revealed buggy applications + Adding a note on this point seems worthwhile as a way of + emphasizing the point that the buffers must not overlap. + +mq_notify.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +perror.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Some wording improvements and clarifications + +profil.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + +psignal.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +pthread_attr_init.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + Michael Kerrisk + Use "%zd" for printing size_t in example code + +pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +pthread_cancel.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +pthread_cleanup_push.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +pthread_create.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +pthread_detach.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +pthread_getattr_np.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +pthread_join.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +pthread_setname_np.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +pthread_tryjoin_np.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +putgrent.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +rcmd.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe + +resolver.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +rpc.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +rpmatch.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +sem_close.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +sem_open.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +setaliasent.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe + +setlocale.3 + Marko Myllynen + Update CONFORMING TO + http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/setlocale.html + +setlocale.3 + Marko Myllynen + Tweak C/POSIX locale portability description + As discussed earlier, the current description might be a little + bit too stringent, let's avoid the issue by describing the + portability aspect on a slightly higher level. + + References: + + http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap06.html + http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap07.html + http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/setlocale.html + +shm_open.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +strfmon.3 + Marko Myllynen + Document strfmon_l(3) + Describe strfmon_l(3). + + http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/strfmon.html + Marko Myllynen + Fix CONFORMING TO + AFAICS strfmon(3) is now defined in POSIX and the glibc + implementation is as specified there. + + http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/strfmon.html + Marko Myllynen + Rewrite the example + I think the example is more accurate when we use the exact + locale names and also the Euro sign where appropriate. + +xcrypt.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +xdr.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +console_codes.4 + Scot Doyle [Pavel Machek, Michael Kerrisk] + Add CSI sequence for cursor blink interval + Add a Console Private CSI sequence to specify the current + console's cursor blink interval. The interval is specified + as a number of milliseconds until the next cursor display + state toggle, from 50 to 65535. + +null.4 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that reads from /dev/zero are interruptible since Linux 2.6.31 + +core.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention 'coredump_filter' boot option + +host.conf.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Wording fix: s/resolv+/the resolver library/ + The term "resolv+" seems to be historical cruft. + +hosts.equiv.5 + Carlos O'Donell + Fix format, clarify IdM needs, and provide examples. + In some recent work with a Red Hat customer I had the opportunity + to discuss the fine nuances of the ruserok() function and related + API which are used to implement rlogin and rsh. + + It came to my attention after working with QE on some automated + internal testing that there were no good examples in the hosts.equiv + manual page showing how the format was supposed to work for this + file and for ~/.rhosts, worse the "format" line showed that there + should be spaces between arguments when that would clearly lead + to incorrect behaviour. In addition some things that the format + allows you to write are just wrong like "-host -user" which makes + no sense since the host is already rejected, and should be written + as "host -user" instead. I added notes in the example to make it + clear that "-host -user" is invalid. + + I fixed three things: + + (a) The format line. + - Either +, or [-]hostname, or +@netgrp or -@netgrp. + - Either +, or [-]username, or +@netgrp or -@netgrp. + - You must specify something in the hostname portion so remove + optional brackets. + + (b) Clarify language around credentials + - If the host is not trusted you must provide credentials to + the login system and that could be anything really and it + depends on your configuration e.g. PAM or whatever IdM you have. + + (c) Provide real-world examples + - Provide several real world examples and some corner case + examples for how you would write something. Hopefully others + can add examples as they see fit. + Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell, Arjun Shankar] + Improve explanation in EXAMPLE + +locale.5 + Marko Myllynen + Document map to_inpunct, map to_outpunct + See e.g. fa_IR for reference. + Marko Myllynen + Document class in LC_CTYPE + See e.g. the locale zh_CN and + + http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/towctrans + http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/wctrans + Marko Myllynen + Add iconv(1) reference + Marko Myllynen + Document character transliteration + See e.g. da_DK for reference. + + (Not sure should we actually provide an example here?) + Marko Myllynen + Document era keywords + This patch completes the LC_TIME section - since these era + keywords are so tightly coupled, I'm providing them as a + single patch. + + Based on + http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap07.html + http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/SC22/WG20/docs/n972-14652ft.pdf + Marko Myllynen + Document default_missing + Marko Myllynen + Document outdigit and alt_digits + See e.g. fa_IR for reference. + Marko Myllynen + Refer to locale(7) more prominently + It's probably a good idea to refer to locale(7) so that a reader + can check what a category is about before describing them in + detail. + Marko Myllynen + Document charclass and charconv + See e.g. the locales ja_JP and ko_KR and + + http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/towctrans + http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/wctrans + Marko Myllynen + Copy is not exclusive in LC_CTYPE and LC_COLLATE + See e.g. da_DK for reference. + Marko Myllynen + Remove the FIXME for timezone + The timezone of LC_TIME is not in POSIX, only 6 (out of ~300) + glibc locales define it, the glibc code comment below from + glibc.git/programs/ld-time.c seems to suggest it's not a good + idea, and there's been a proposal in upstream [1] to remove the + existing timezone definitions from glibc locales so I think + it's actually better to leave this one undocumented: + + /* XXX We don't perform any tests on the timezone value since this is + simply useless, stupid $&$!@... */ + + 1) https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2015-06/msg00098.html + + Move the remaining LC_COLLATE FIXMEs together while at it. + Marko Myllynen + Fix country_isbn format + Both plain numbers and Unicode code points are used in + glibc locales but checking the code reveals that country_isbn + is handled like the rest of its category expect for country_num + which was clarified earlier. + Marko Myllynen + Sort according to the standard + Sort the options so that those defined in POSIX are listed first, + then followed by those defined in ISO/IEC TR 14652 in the order + of common convention in many widely used glibc locales. + + Actual descriptions are unchanged. + + http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap07.html + Marko Myllynen + Refer to strftime(3) where appropriate + The relationship between the locale time format syntax + and strftime() cannot be considered as obvious. + Marko Myllynen + Document map "totitle" + See e.g. locales/i18n for reference. + Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen] + Remove BUGS section saying man page is not complete + To some degree, this is true of many pages. And anyway, this + page is much better after recent work by Marko. + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + List /proc/vmstat fields + Michael Kerrisk + Tweak /proc/vmstat text + Michael Kerrisk + Add /proc/crypto entry with a pointer to further information + Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook] + Document /proc/sys/kernel/sysctl_writes_strict + Based on text in Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt. + Michael Kerrisk + Move misordered /proc/[pid]/timers entry + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to bpf(2) for explanation of /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_enable + +repertoiremap.5 + Marko Myllynen + Symbolic names AKA mnemonics + A long time ago in glibc, repertoire maps were used (but they + were removed already in 2000), those mapping files were named + as mnemonics, so "mnemonic" is a term that would almost + certainly come up if somebody studies glibc side (perhaps even + the related standards like ISO 9945 [which I don't have access + to]) so I thought it's worth to mention to term in the man page + to make sure we're talking about the same thing, otherwise + someone might wonder is that something different or not. + + IOW, symbolic names and mnemonics are often used interchangeably, + let's mention the other often used term in the page, too. + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows calling bpf(2) + +locale.7 + Marko Myllynen + LC_CTYPE determines transliteration rules on glibc systems + +packet.7 + 文剑 [Cortland Setlow] + Fix description of binding a packet socket to an interface + +pty.7 + NeilBrown [Peter Hurley] + Clarify asynchronous nature of PTY I/O + A PTY is not like a pipe - there may be delayed between data + being written at one end and it being available at the other. + + This became particularly apparent after + commit f95499c3030f + ("n_tty: Don't wait for buffer work in read() loop") + in Linux 3.12 + + See also the mail thread at https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/5/1/35 + Date Mon, 04 May 2015 12:32:04 -0400 + From Peter Hurley <> + Subject Re: [PATCH bisected regression] input_available_p() + sometimes says 'no' when it should say 'yes' + +rtld-audit.7 + Ben Woodard + Use correct printf() specifier for pointer types + In the example code you used %x rather than %p in the example + code for an audit library. The problem is that it truncates the + pointers on 64b platforms. So you get something like: + + la_symbind64(): symname = strrchr sym->st_value = 0x7f4b8a3f8960 + ndx = 222 flags = 0x0 refcook = 8b53e5c8 defcook = 8b537e30 + + rather than: + + la_symbind64(): symname = fclose sym->st_value = 0x7fa452dd49b0 + ndx = 1135 flags = 0x0 refcook = 0x7fa453f395c8 defcook = 0x7fa453f32e30 + + This has bitten me a handful of times when playing around with + audit test libraries to investigate its behavior. + +sched.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove ancient, wildly optimistic prediction about future of RT patches + It seems the patches were not merged by 2.6.30... + +socket.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add bpf(2) + +vdso.7 + Nathan Lynch [Mike Frysinger] + Update for ARM + The 32-bit ARM architecture in Linux has gained a vDSO as of the + 4.1 release. (I was the primary author.) + + Document the symbols exported by the ARM VDSO. + + Accepted kernel submission: + http://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/linux-arm-kernel/2015-March/332573.html + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-4.02 ==================== + +Released: 2015-08-08, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> +David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> +Dilyan Palauzov <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org> +Gabriel F. T. Gomes <gftg@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy <glebfm@altlinux.org> +Goswin von Brederlow <goswin-v-b@web.de> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Jonathan David Amery <jdamery@ysolde.ucam.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> +Nicholas Miell <nmiell@gmail.com> +Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Yaarit <yaarit@gmail.com> +Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +dladdr.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting dladdr() and dladdr1() + Relocate/rewrite dladdr() text formerly contained in dlopen(3). + + Add documentation of dladdr1(). + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + +dlerror.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Migrate dlerror(3) to new separate man page + Michael Kerrisk + Note that the returned message may be in a statically allocated buffer + Michael Kerrisk + Note that the returned string does not include a trailing newline + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +dlinfo.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page describing dlinfo(3) + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe + +dlopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + This page was substantially rewritten and enhanced. Notably: + * the dladdr(), dlsym, dlvsym(), and dlerror() content were moved + to separate new pages; + * documentation for dlmopen was added; + * and other changes as noted below. + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + Michael Kerrisk + Move atexit() discussion under "Initialization and Finalization" + Michael Kerrisk + Move discussion of _init() and _fini() to NOTES + Michael Kerrisk + Rework the discussion of initialization and finalization functions + Deemphasize the obsolete _init/_fini and give more prominence + to gcc constructors/destructors. + Michael Kerrisk + dlclose() will unload the object when all references have been released + Michael Kerrisk + EXAMPLE: Remove mention of "-rdynamic" + That option isn't needed for compiling and running this program. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove reference to ld.so info page + The command "info ld.so" simply shows the man page... + Michael Kerrisk + Add VERSIONS section + Michael Kerrisk + Reorganize conformance information for 'flags' + +dlsysm.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Move dlsym() and dlvsym() content to new separate page + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +dlopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk, Carlos O'Donell + Document dlmopen(3) + +nl_langinfo.3 + Sam Varshavchik, Michael Kerrisk + Add documentation for nl_langinfo_l(3) + +__ppc_set_ppr_med.3 + Gabriel F. T. Gomes + Document PPC functions providing access to PPR + GNU C Library 2.18 adds functions (__ppc_set_ppr_low(3), + __ppc_set_ppr_med(3), __ppc_set_ppr_med_low(3)) that provide + access to the Program Priority Register (PPR). + +__ppc_yield.3 + Gabriel F. T. Gomes + Document PPC performance-hint functions + GNU C Library 2.18 adds functions __ppc_yield(3), __ppc_mdoio(3), + and __ppc_mdoom(3) that can be used provide a hint that + performance could be improved if shared resources are released + for use by other processors. + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +dladdr1.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to (new) dladdr(3) page + +dlmopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to dlopen.3 + +dlvsym.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Adjust link to point to new self-contained dlsym(3) page + +nl_langinfo_l.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to nl_langinfo.3 + +__ppc_mdoio.3 + Gabriel F. T. Gomes + New link to __ppc_yield.3 + +__ppc_mdoom.3 + Gabriel F. T. Gomes + New link to __ppc_yield.3 + +__ppc_set_ppr_low.3 + Gabriel F. T. Gomes + New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3 + +__ppc_set_ppr_med_low.3 + Gabriel F. T. Gomes + New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Very many pages + Michael Kerrisk + Update CONFORMING TO section to reflect POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008 + details. (By now, I believe all pages should be up to date with + respect to appropriately mentioning POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008.) + +ldd.1 +sprof.1 +execve.2 +dlopen.3 +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Prefer "shared object" over "shared library" + The man pages variously use "shared library" or "shared object". + Try to more consistently use one term ("shared object"), while + also pointing out on a few pages that the terms are synonymous. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +accept.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add mention of POSIX.1-2008 regarding EAGAIN vs EWOULDBLOCK + +bpf.2 + Daniel Borkmann + Various updates/follow-ups to address some fixmes + A couple of follow-ups to the bpf(2) man-page, besides others: + + * Description of map data types + * Explanation on eBPF tail calls and program arrays + * Paragraph on tc holding ref of the eBPF program in the kernel + * Updated ASCII image with tc ingress and egress invocations + * __sync_fetch_and_add() and example usage mentioned on arrays + * minor reword on the licensing and other minor fixups + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Reword text on POSIX and #! + +io_getevents.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note return value on interruption by a signal handler + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify details of return value for timeout-expired case + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify and extend discussion of 'timeout' argument + +mmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'length' need not be a page-size multiple for munmap() + Michael Kerrisk [David Rientjes, David Rientjes, Mike Kravetz] + Describe mmap()/munmap() argument requirements for huge-page mappings + Michael Kerrisk + Move discussion of timestamps to NOTES + A straight move; no changes to the content. + This content is better placed in NOTES. + +seccomp.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: mention libseccomp pages + SEE ALSO: add scmp_sys_resolver(1) + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Correct the list of flags that were added in POSIX.1-2001 + +socketpair.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Goswin von Brederlow] + Clarify use of SOCK_* flags in 'type' argument + See http://bugs.debian.org/794217 + +atexit.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add dlopen(3) + +clock_getcpuclockid.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Improve wording of EPERM error + It's imprecise to say that this is an "optional" error + in POSIX.1. + +dl_iterate_phdr.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'size' allows callback() to discover structure extensions + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add dladdr(3) + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: note that this function appears on some other systems + +fseeko.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty NOTES section + This ancient System V detail is unneeded. + +getutent.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention POSIX.1-2008 for the "utmpx" functions + +iconv_close.3 +iconv_open.3 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: change "UNIX98" to "SUSv2" + +malloc.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Change "UNIX 98" to "SUSv2" + +mktemp.3 + Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy + Reference mkdtemp(3) in addition to mkstemp(3) + Mention mkdtemp(3) as another secure alternative to mktemp(3). + + See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2898. + +mq_receive.3 +mq_send.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify discussion of 'timeout' + In particular, remove the word 'ceiling', which falsely + suggests that the call might return prematurely. + +nl_langinfo.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Explicitly describe the return value on success + Michael Kerrisk + POSIX specifies that the caller may not modify the returned string + Michael Kerrisk + Enhance RETURN VALUE description + Note some further cases where returned string may be + invalidated or overwritten. + +perror.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Reformat CONFORMING to information + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'sys_errlist' and 'sys_nerr' are not in POSIX.1 + +posix_openpt.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Reword text regarding systems that don't have posix_openpt() + +printf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: update details for dprintf() and vdprintf() + +setlogmask.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove useless statement in CONFORMING TO + Saying that the description in PSOX.1-2001 is flawed, + without saying what the fla is, is not helpful. + (And no, I don't know what the flaw is.) + +shm_open.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add POSIX.1-2008 details regarding group ID of new shared memory object + +strfmon.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix erroneous CONFORMING to + strfmon() is in POSIX.1. + +fanotify.7 + Heinrich Schuchardt + Clarify effects of file moves + If files or directories are moved to other mounts, the inode is + deleted. Fanotify marks are lost. + +mq_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section + +nptl.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Nicholas Miell] + Note that i386 and x86-64 binaries can't share mutexes + +sched.7 + Nikola Forró + Fix descriptions of sched_get_priority_max() / sched_get_priority_min() + +sem_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section + +shm_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section + +sigevent.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section + +symlink.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Update with POSIX.1-2008 details for link(2) + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk [Jonathan David Amery] + Items in LD_LIBRARY_PATH can also be delimited by semicolons + See http://bugs.debian.org/794559. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-4.03 ==================== + +Released: 2015-12-05, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> +Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> +Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> +Arto Bendiken <arto@bendiken.net> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Casper Ti. Vector <caspervector@gmail.com> +Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> +David Drysdale <drysdale@google.com> +Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +Gabriel F. T. Gomes <gftg@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Johannes Stüttgen <Johannes.Stuettgen@gmail.com> +Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com> +Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> +Maria Guseva <m.guseva@samsung.com> +Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> +Meikun Wang <alikewmk@gmail.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> +Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com> +Olivier TARTROU <olivier.tartrou@gmail.com> +Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com> +Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> +Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> +Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> +Silvan Jegen <s.jegen@gmail.com> +Stefan Tauner <tauner@technikum-wien.at> +Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> +Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org> +Tycho Andersen <tycho.andersen@canonical.com> +Ville Skyttä <ville.skytta@iki.fi> +Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> +Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver + 4.1 adds AUX sample support + Vince Weaver + 4.1 data_offset and data_size fields + Vince Weaver [Alexander Shishkin] + Document aux_{head,tail,offset,size} support + Vince Weaver + 4.0 update rdpmc documentation + Vince Weaver + 4.1 adds PERF_RECORD_ITRACE_START + Vince Weaver + Document 4.1 clockid support + Vince Weaver [Steven Rostedt, Masami Hiramatsu] + 4.1 PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF support + Vince Weaver + 4.1 adds AUX_FLAG_OVERWRITE support + Vince Weaver + 4.1 PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_CALL_STACK + Vince Weaver + 4.1 adds aux_watermark + Vince Weaver + Add possibility of EBUSY error + +prctl.2 + Andy Lutomirski [Kees Cook, Serge Hallyn] + Document operations for ambient capabilities + Michael Kerrisk + Rework PR_CAP_AMBIENT text + Note that arg4 and arg5 must be zero for CAP_AMBIENT + RETURN VALUE: Add PR_CAP_AMBIENT + PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET case + ERRORS: document PR_CAP_AMBIENT error cases + +__ppc_set_ppr_med.3 + Gabriel F. T. Gomes + Document PPC functions providing access to PPR + GNU C Library commit 1747fcda4902a3b46183d93fb16ed9b436b2608b + extends the priorities that can be set to the Program Priority + Register (PPR), with the functions: __ppc_set_ppr_very_low(3) + and __ppc_set_ppr_med_high(3). + +capabilities.7 + Andy Lutomirski [Kees Cook, Serge Hallyn] + Document ambient capabilities + Michael Kerrisk + Various additions and reworkings for ambient capability text + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +__ppc_set_ppr_med_high.3 + Gabriel F. T. Gomes + New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3 + +__ppc_set_ppr_very_low.3 + Gabriel F. T. Gomes + New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3 + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +mremap.2 + Eric B Munson [Michal Hocko] + Add note about mremap() with locked areas + When mremap() is used to move or expand a mapping that is locked + with mlock() or equivalent it will attempt to populate the new + area. However, like mmap(MAP_LOCKED), mremap() will not fail if + the area cannot be populated. Also like mmap(MAP_LOCKED) this + might come as a surprise to users and should be noted. +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk [David Drysdale] + Remove accidental mention of O_TTY_INIT + An earlier edit mentioned O_TTY_INIT as a file creation flag. + That's true, according POSIX, but Linux does not implement + this flag, so remove mention of it. + +pipe.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add splice(2) + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Reorder options alphabetically + Employ a pseudo-alphabetical order, ordering options after removal + of any "PR_", "PR_SET_", or "PR_GET" prefix. + Michael Kerrisk + Fix alphabetical misplacements in ERRORS + +ptrace.2 + Tycho Andersen + Document PTRACE_O_SUSPEND_SECCOMP flag + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope + Michael Kerrisk + Note that PTRACE_ATTACH cannot be applied to nondumpable processes + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add prctl(2) + +reboot.2 + Casper Ti. Vector + 1-argument reboot() is also provided by alternative libc + +seccomp.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe use of 'instruction_pointer' data field + Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook] + Note why all filters in a set are executed even after SECCOMP_RET_KILL + +signalfd.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe semantics with respect to SCM_RIGHTS + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add mlock(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Add userfaultfd() + +daemon.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Johannes Stüttgen] + Note that daemon() is buggy with respect to controlling tty acquisition + +dirfd.3 + Jonathan Wakely + Remove outdated NOTES + As stated in the SYNOPSIS, since glibc 2.10 this function is also + declared by the relevant X/Open and POSIX macros. + +dlopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Make it more explicit that LD_BIND_NOW overrides RTLD_LAZY + Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] + Correct the pathname used in EXAMPLE + Quoting Florian: + + This does not work because libm.so can be a linker script: + + handle = dlopen("libm.so", RTLD_LAZY); + + The proper way to do this is to include <gnu/lib-names.h> + and use LIBM_SO. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=108821 + Michael Kerrisk + Include a shell session showing build/run in EXAMPLE + Michael Kerrisk + Change arguments to main() to "void" in EXAMPLE + +fgetgrent.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + +fgetpwent.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + +getauxval.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add some details for AT_SECURE + +getspnam.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe + +mallinfo.3 + Zeng Linggang + ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe + +mallopt.3 + Carlos O'Donell + Document M_ARENA_TEST and M_ARENA_MAX + +posix_fallocate.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify text relating to MT-safety + Carlos O'Donell + Mention glibc emulation caveats + +termios.3 + Olivier TARTROU + Add missing details on behaviour of PARMRK + For a serial terminal, with a specific configuration, input bytes + with value 0377 are passed to the program as two bytes, 0377 0377. + +tty_ioctl.4 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Hurley] + Note that TIOCTTYGSTRUCT went away in Linux 2.5.67 + +core.5 + Ross Zwisler + Add info about DAX coredump filtering flags + Kernel 4.4 added two new core dump filtering flags, + MMF_DUMP_DAX_PRIVATE and MMF_DUMP_DAX_SHARED. + + These flags allow us to explicitly filter DAX mappings. + This is desirable because DAX mappings, like hugetlb + mappings, have the potential to be very large. + +nsswitch.conf.5 + Nikola Forró + Add list of files being read when "files" service is used + This is not mentioned anywhere. Users can assume that the file + being read is something like /etc/$DATABASE, but that's not + always the case. It's better to explicitly specify which + file is read for each respective database. The list of + files was acquired from glibc source code. + +proc.5 + Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk] + Add details for threads-max + Add detail information for threads-max. + The checks for minimum and maximum values exist since kernel 4.1. + https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/3/15/96 + Heinrich Schuchardt + /proc/sys: Describe whitespace characters + Michael Kerrisk + Document 'CapAmb' in /proc/PID/status + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to ptrace(2) for /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope + +aio.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Meikun Wang] + Add missing include file, <fcntl.h>, to example program + +mq_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Arto Bendiken] + Document QSIZE bug that appeared in 3.5 and was fixed in 4.2 + +path_resolution.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify recursive resolution of symlinks and note limits + +pipe.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add splice(2) + +rtld-audit.7 + Namhyung Kim + Fix (typo) error in la_pltenter() description + s/la_pltenter()/la_pltexit()/ + + la_pltenter() is called regardless of the value of + framesizep but la_pltexit() is called only if la_pltenter() + returns with non-zero framesizep set. I spent long time to + figure out why la_pltexit() is not called at all. + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Michael Hocko] + Note async-signal-safe functions added by POSIX.1-2008 TC1 + +tcp.7 + Daniel Borkmann [Michael Kerrisk] + Improve paragraphs on tcp_ecn and add tcp_ecn_fallback bullet + Improve description of tcp_ecn, fix the RFC number and it's + not a boolean anymore since long time, and add a description + for tcp_ecn_fallback. + + See also kernel doc under Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + on tcp_ecn and tcp_ecn_fallback. + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + LD_POINTER_GUARD has been removed in glibc 2.23 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe secure-execution mode + Michael Kerrisk [Maria Guseva] + Replace mentions of set-UID/set-GID programs with secure-execution mode + Inspired by a patch from Maria Guseva. + Maria Guseva [Silvan Jegen] + LD_DEBUG is effective in secure-execution mode if /etc/suid-debug exists + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-4.04 ==================== + +Released: 2015-12-29, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alexander Monakov <amonakov@ispras.ru> +Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Archie Cobbs <archie.cobbs@gmail.com> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Colin Rice <colin@daedrum.net> +Darren Hart <dvhart@infradead.org> +Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> +Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org> +Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com> +Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr> +Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net> +Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com> +Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu> +Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> +Phil Blundell <pb@pbcl.net> +Richard Voigt <richardvoigt@gmail.com> +Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> +Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> +Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> +Tom Gundersen <teg@jklm.no> +Torvald Riegel <triegel@redhat.com> +Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net> +Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> +Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de> +Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com> + + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +futex.2 + Michael Kerrisk, Thomas Gleixner, Torvald Riegel [Davidlohr Bueso, Heinrich Schuchardt, Darren Hart, Rusty Russell, Pavel Machek, Rich Felker] + Rewrite and massively expand page + +membarrier.2 + Mathieu Desnoyers [Michael Kerrisk] + New page documenting membarrier() system call + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +mlock.2 + Eric B Munson [Michal Hocko, Vlastimil Babka, Michael Kerrisk] + Document mlock2(2) and MCL_ONFAULT + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +mlock2.2 + Eric B Munson + New link to mlock.2 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: standardize text for EMFILE error + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: standardize error text for ENOTSOCK error + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: standardize text for ENFILE error + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clock_getres.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add vdso(7) + +epoll_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add another EMFILE error case + +fanotify_init.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add an EMFILE error case + +fork.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Child of MT-process is restricted to async-signal-safe functions + +getcpu.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add vdso(7) + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Lennart Poettering] + The init of measurement for RLIMIT_RSS is bytes, not pages + +get_robust_list.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Reword EINVAL error text + +gettimeofday.2 + Carlos O'Donell + Expand on the historical meaning of tz_dsttime + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add vdso(7) + +inotify_init.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add an EMFILE error case + +personality.2 + Dmitry V. Levin + Note kernel and glibc versions that introduced this system call + +poll.2 + Richard Voigt + timeout_ts is a pointer, so use -> not . for member access + Michael Kerrisk + Shorten name of timeout argument for ppoll() + The name is overly long, and does not hint at the fact + that this argument is a pointer. Fix this by renaming: + s/timeout_ts/tmo_p/ + +sendfile.2 + Laurent Georget + Document more ERRORS + +sigreturn.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add vdso(7) + +socketcall.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Since Linux 4.3, x86-32 provides direct system calls for the sockets API + +time.2 + Zack Weinberg + Explain why the glibc time() wrapper never sets 'errno' + Michael Kerrisk [H.J. Lu] + Where time() is provided by vDSO, an invalid address may give SIGSEGV + Michael Kerrisk [Paul Eggert] + Describe EOVERFLOW details + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add vdso(7) + Michael Kerrisk + Rename 't' argument to 'tloc' + +dlerror.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] + Clarify that the string returned by dlerror() is null terminated + +dlopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Include a shell session showing build/run in EXAMPLE + Michael Kerrisk + Change arguments to main() to "void" in EXAMPLE + +drand48.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre] + Correct descriptions of ranges returned by these functions + See http://bugs.debian.org/803459 + +errno.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note probable cause of ENFILE error + +fnmatch.3 + Pádraig Brady + Describe the FNM_EXTMATCH flag and pattern syntax + +iconv.3 + Andries E. Brouwer + NOTES: describe correct usage for flushing partially buffered input + +random_r.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Archie Cobbs] + Clarify need to use initstate_r() + +tzset.3 + Carlos O'Donell + Clarify "daylight" and remove erroneous note + +random.4 + Michael Kerrisk [Tom Gundersen] + Rework example scripts to assume 'poolsize' unit is bits, not bytes + Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms] + Use modern command substitution syntax in shell session log + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Reaching /proc/sys/fs/file-max limit normally produces an ENFILE error + +futex.7 + Heinrich Schuchardt + SEE ALSO updates + Michael Kerrisk + Note some other locking primitives that are built with futexes + Heinrich Schuchardt + NPTL, avoid abbreviation + Michael Kerrisk + Note that a futex is 4 bytes on all platforms + +vdso.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add note on strace(1) and vDSO + +ld.so.8 + H.J. Lu [Michael Kerrisk] + Document LD_PREFER_MAP_32BIT_EXEC + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify setting of LD_BIND_NOT + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify setting of LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify setting of LD_TRACE_PRELINKING + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify some details for LD_SHOW_AUXV + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-4.05 ==================== + +Released: 2016-03-15, Christchurch + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org> +Akihiro Suda <suda.kyoto@gmail.com> +Alan Aversa <alan.aversa@cox.net> +Alan Cox <etchedpixels@gmail.com> +Alec Leamas <leamas.alec@gmail.com> +Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com> +Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de> +Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> +Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de> +Anna Schumaker <Anna.Schumaker@Netapp.com> +Askar Safin <safinaskar@mail.ru> +Bill O. Gallmeister <bgallmeister@gmail.com> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Chris Pick <kernel@chrispick.com> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> +Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com> +Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> +Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> +Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org> +Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org> +Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> +Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +Gabriel Corona <gabriel.corona@enst-bretagne.fr> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Ivan Shapovalov <intelfx@intelfx.name> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com> +Jason Vas Dias <jason.vas.dias@gmail.com> +Jérémie Galarneau <jeremie.galarneau@efficios.com> +Jeremy Harris <jeharris@redhat.com> +Joachim Wuttke <j.wuttke@fz-juelich.de> +Joe Stein <joeaarons@gmail.com> +John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org> +Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> +Kondo, Naoya <kondo-naoya@jp.fujitsu.com> +Krzysztof Adamski <k@japko.eu> +Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com> +Marianne CHEVROT <blackmoor@openmailbox.org> +Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com> +Mark Post <mpost@suse.com> +Martin Gebert <Murphy.Gebert@gmx.de> +Mats Wichmann <mats@linuxfoundation.org> +Matt Zimmerman <mdz@debian.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>` +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> +Naoya Kondo <kondo-naoya@jp.fujitsu.com> +Naresh Kamboju <naresh.kernel@gmail.com> +Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com> +Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@gnutls.org> +Orion Poplawski <orion@cora.nwra.com> +Pakin Yury <zxwarior@yandex.ru> +Patrick Donnelly <batrick@batbytes.com> +Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu> +Paul Pluzhnikov <ppluzhnikov@google.com> +Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com> +Peter Wu <peter@lekensteyn.nl> +Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz> +Philip Semanchuk <linux_kernel.20.ick@spamgourmet.com> +Rasmus Villemoes <Rasmus.Villemoes@decode.is> +Rich Felker <dalias@aerifal.cx> +Simon Que <sque@chromium.org> +Stephan Bergmann <sbergman@redhat.com> +Stéphane Aulery <lkppo@free.fr> +Stephen Hurd <shurd@sasktel.net> +Vincent Bernat <bernat@luffy.cx> +William Preston <wpreston@suse.de> +Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> +Zefram <zefram@fysh.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +copy_file_range.2 + Anna Schumaker [Darrick J. Wong, Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk] + New page documenting copy_file_range() + copy_file_range() is a new system call for copying ranges of data + completely in the kernel. This gives filesystems an opportunity to + implement some kind of "copy acceleration", such as reflinks or + server-side-copy (in the case of NFS). + +personality.2 + Michael Kerrisk + This page has been greatly expanded, to add descriptions of + personality domains. + +fmemopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Adhemerval Zanella] + Significant reworking of this page: + * Rework discussion of the (obsolete) binary mode + * Split open_memstream(3) description into a separate page. + * Note various fmemopen() bugs that were fixed in glibc 2.22 + * Greatly expand description of 'mode' argument + * Rework description of 'buf' and 'len' arguments + * Expand discussion of "current position" for fmemopen() stream + +ntp_gettime.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page describing ntp_gettime(3) and ntp_gettimex(3) + +open_memstream.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page created by split of fmemopen(3). + At the same time, add and rework a few details in the text. + +posix_spawn.3 + Bill O. Gallmeister, Michael Kerrisk + New man page documenting posix_spawn(3) and posix_spawnp(3) + +readdir.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] + Split readdir_r() content into separate page + As suggested by Florian Weimer: + + It may make sense to move this documentation to a separate + manual page, specific to readdir_r. This will keep the + readdir() documentation nice and crisp. Most programmers + will never have to consult all these details. + Michael Kerrisk + Near complete restructuring of the page and add some further details + Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Rich Felker, Paul Eggert] + Add a lot more detail on portable use of the 'd_name' field + +readdir_r.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] + New page created after split of readdir(3). + Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] + Explain why readdir_r() is deprecated and readdir() is preferred + Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] + Remove misleading code example using pathconf() + +lirc.4 + Alec Leamas + New page documenting lirc device driver + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +adjtimex.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document ntp_adjtime(3) + +epoll_ctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jason Baron] + Document EPOLLEXCLUSIVE + +madvise.2 + Minchan Kim [Michael Kerrisk] + Document MADV_FREE + Document the MADV_FREE flag added to madvise() in Linux 4.5. + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document CmaTotal and CmaFree fields of /proc/meminfo + Michael Kerrisk + Document additional /proc/meminfo fields + Document DirectMap4k, DirectMap4M, DirectMap2M, DirectMap1G + Michael Kerrisk + Document MemAvailable /proc/meminfo field + Michael Kerrisk + Document inotify /proc/PID/fdinfo entries + Michael Kerrisk + Document fanotify /proc/PID/fdinfo entries + Michael Kerrisk + Add some kernel version numbers for /proc/PID/fdinfo entries + Michael Kerrisk [Patrick Donnelly] + /proc/PID/fdinfo displays the setting of the close-on-exec flag + Note also the pre-3.1 bug in the display of this info. + +socket.7 + Craig Gallek [Michael Kerrisk, Vincent Bernat] + Document some BPF-related socket options + Document the behavior and the first kernel version for each of the + following socket options: + + SO_ATTACH_FILTER + SO_ATTACH_BPF + SO_ATTACH_REUSEPORT_CBPF + SO_ATTACH_REUSEPORT_EBPF + SO_DETACH_FILTER + SO_DETACH_BPF + SO_LOCK_FILTER + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +isalpha_l.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to isalpha.3 + +longjmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Replace page with link to setjmp(3), which now incorporates longjmp() + +ntp_adjtime.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to adjtimex(2) + +ntp_gettimex.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to ntp_gettime.3 + +open_wmemstream.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Update link to point to new open_memstream(2) page + +posix_spawnp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new posix_spawn.3 page + +siglongjmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewire link to point to setjmp(3) + +strerror_l.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to strerror.3 + Fix missing link + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Update FTM requirements (_DEFAULT_SOURCE) + Michael Kerrisk + Update feature test macro requirements + Update to use _DEFAULT_SOURCE, and also changes brought by + glibc commit 266865c0e7b79d4196e2cc393693463f03c90bd8. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Simplify FTM requirements + Looking at <features.h> (or feature_test_macros(7)), one can + see that when _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined with the value 700 + (or greater), then _POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined with the value + 200809L (or greater). Therefore, terms in the man pages such as + + _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 700 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200809L + + can be simplified to: + + _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200809L + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Simplify FTM requirements + Looking at <features.h> (or feature_test_macros(7)), one can + see that when _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined with the value 600 + (or greater), then _POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined with the value + 200112L (or greater). Therefore, terms in the man pages such as + + _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 600 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L + + can be simplified to: + + _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Simplify FTM requirements + _XOPEN_SOURCE implies _POSIX_C_SOURCE >=2, so simplify FTM + requirements in various pages. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Remove "or 'cc -std=c99'" from SYNOPSIS + Under the FTM requirements all of these pages document the + requirement for _ISOC99_SOURCE. And feature_test_macros(7) now + documents that "cc -std=c99" produces the same effect as defining + _ISOC99_SOURCE. So, all of these pages don't additionally need + to specify "or 'cc -std=c99'" under the FTM requirements + in the SYNOPSIS. Removing that redundant text also simplifies + the SYNOPSIS a little. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Simplify FTM requirements + Looking at <features.h> (or feature_test_macros(7)), one can + see that when _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined with the value 600 + (or greater), then _POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined with the value + 200112L (or greater). Therefore, terms in the man pages such as + + _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 600 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L + + can be simplified to: + + _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Remove references to _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED in SYNOPSIS + _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is obsolete (it existed in SUSv1, but not + subsequent standards). _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500 produces the same + effects as (_XOPEN_SOURCE && _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED). Modifying + the SYNOPSIS of various ages that contain: + + _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500 || + _XOPEN_SOURCE\ &&\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED + + to just: + + _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500 + + This has the following benefits: + + a) Simplifying the SYNOPSIS by removing ancient + historical information. + + b) Preventing users from being misled into using + _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED in new source code. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mention of the obsolete _POSIX_SOURCE macro from SYNOPSIS + _POSIX_SOURCE was a POSIX.1-1990 creation that was soon made + obsolete by _POSIX_C_SOURCE. Retaining mention of it + in the feature test macro requirements section of the + SYNOPSIS doesn't contain important information, and may + mislead readers into actually trying to use this macro. + A few mentions of it are maintained in a some pages where + defining _POSIX_SOURCE inhibits some behavior. + +Various sockets-related pages + Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell] + Use consistent argument/variable names for socket addresses and lengths + As noted by Carlos, there's quite a bit of inconsistency across + pages. Use 'addr' and 'addrlen' consistently in variables and + function arguments. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Wording fix: "current file offset" ==> "file offset" + "File offset" is the preferred POSIX terminology. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Word "descriptor" more precisely + Use either "file descriptor" or "message queue descriptor". + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add reference to signal(7) in description of EINTR + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +locale.1 + Marko Myllynen + Add "locale -c charmap" as an example + Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=104511. + +localedef.1 + Marko Myllynen + Add hint on purpose of --no-archive + Indicate why using --no-archive might be a good idea. The issue + is that if you create a custom locale with localedef(1) and put + it to the locale archive then during the next glibc upgrade the + locale archive is updated as well and your custom locale is gone.) + +accept.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: improve description for EBADF + +adjtimex.2 + Michael Kerrisk [John Stultz] + Various improvements after feedback from John Stultz + Michael Kerrisk + Remove FTM requirements + It seems that adjtimex() never needed _BSD_SOURCE (and my + earlier commit 5918743bc8b02b was simply a blunder). + Michael Kerrisk + Split EINVAL error cases + Michael Kerrisk + Note treatment of out-of-range buf.offset + Michael Kerrisk + Don't refer reader to adjtime(3) + Probably, it's not wise to suggest adjtime(3) as the more + portable API. Rather, ntp_adjtime(3) should be used. + Michael Kerrisk [Naresh Kamboju] + Update details of buf.offset EINVAL error + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ntp_gettime(3) + Michael Kerrisk + Improve description of some PPS timex fields + Michael Kerrisk + Add ATTRIBUTES section + William Preston [Petr Gajdos] + Update a detail in adjtimex return value description + Michael Kerrisk + Note range constraints and clamping for ADJ_FREQUENCY + +bdflush.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that glibc support for this system call went away in version 2.23 + +bind.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Improve description of ENOENT error + +bpf.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document close-on-exec semantics + The close-on-exec file descriptor flag is automatically enabled + for FDs returned by bpf(). + +chmod.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify terminology (file mode versus file permission bits) + +chown.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: improve EBADF description + +clone.2 +unshare.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mention of _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE + The right way to expose declarations for these Linux-specific + system calls was always _GNU_SOURCE. Mentioning the historical + use of _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE just clouds the issue. + +connect.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: improve EBADF description + +create_module.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Glibc 2.23 removed last vestiges of support for this system call + +delete_module.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Glibc 2.23 removed last vestiges of support for this system call + +epoll_ctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document ELOOP error for circular monitoring loops + +eventfd.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that eventfd info is available in /proc/PID/fdinfo + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Krzysztof Adamski] + Add EPERM error for capabilities check of capability-dumb binaries + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to ld-linux.so(8) + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add system(3) + +fanotify_init.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note kernel version that allowed O_CLOEXEC for event_f_flags + +fcntl.2 +flock.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add lslocks(8) + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jason Vas Dias] + Rework description of F_SETOWN + As suggested by Jason, make it clearer that I/O signalling + requires the use of both F_SETOWN and O_ASYNC. While we're at, + make a few other cleanups to the text. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mention of _BSD_SOURCE to get definition of F_SETOWN/F_GETOWN + This usage went away in glibc 2.20, and the simplest remedy + is just to omit mention of it. + +futex.2 + Michael Kerrisk + FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME can now be used with FUTEX_WAIT + +get_kernel_syms.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that glibc does not support this system call + +init_module.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Glibc 2.23 removed last vestiges of support for this system call + +ioctl_list.2 + Heinrich Schuchardt + Include uapi/linux/wireless.h + Add the list of wireless IOCTLs. + Heinrich Schuchardt + Path to sockios.h + sockios.h is now in include/uapi + Heinrich Schuchardt + Add reference to netdevice.7 + netdevice.7 describes most of the IOCTLs of sockios.h + Heinrich Schuchardt + Transfer structure (wireless.h IOCTLs) + The sole parameter to be passed to the wireless.h IOCTLs is + of type struct iwreq *. + +ioperm.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Alex Henrie] + ioperm.2: Permissions are inherited across fork(2) + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=99911 + +iopl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Alex Henrie] + Permissions are not inherited across fork(2) or preserved on execve(2) + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=99901 + +lseek.2 + Michael Kerrisk + FUSE now supports SEEK_HOLE and SEEK_DATA + Michael Kerrisk + NFS supports SEEK_HOLE and SEEK_DATA + + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add open(2) + +madvise.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify MADV_HWPOISON wording to say that it applies to a page range + +mknod.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add mknod(1) + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add findmnt(8) + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: mention existence of proc/PID/fd and /proc/PID/fdinfo + Mark Post [Petr Gajdos] + O_TMPFILE support is now provided bt Btrfs + +pipe.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake] + Note treatment of 'pipefd' on error + +poll.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett] + Document spurious EAGAIN error that can occur on other systems + Light reworking of text proposed by Josh Triplett. + +readlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify EINVAL error description + +recv.2 + Heinrich Schuchardt + Equivalence to read() + Describe the recv(2)-read(2) and the recvfrom(2)-recv(2) + equivalences for zero-valued arguments. + Michael Kerrisk + MSG_WAITALL has no effect for datagram sockets + +recv.2 +cmsg.3 + Nikola Forró + Fix type of cmsg_len member of cmsghdr structure + The type shown for cmsg_len member of cmsghdr structure is socklen_t, + but the actual type used by glibc and the kernel is size_t. + The information was obtained from glibc source code: + http://bit.ly/21m1RMp + Michael Kerrisk + Note that cmsg_len is typed as socklen_t in POSIX.1 + + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Florian Weimer] + Warn that CPU_ALLOC() may allocate a slightly CPU set than requested + Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] + Add reference to CPU_ALLOC(3) + +sched_setattr.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Akihiro Suda] + EPERM depends on affinity mask of target thread, not calling thread + +select.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett] + Document spurious EAGAIN error that can occur on other systems + Light reworking of text proposed by Josh Triplett. + Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos + Mention the 'fd_set' size limitation early and refer to poll(2) + Change this because of the serious limitation of select() + imposing a limit on the range of file descriptors that can + be monitored. This is currently mentioned too late in the + documentation (in the NOTES section). The man page should + warn early and refer to poll(2) as soon as possible. + Michael Kerrisk + Add details on the glibc fixed-size fd_set limitation + No modern application should use select() on Linux. + +select_tut.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Some readability fixes to example program + Michael Kerrisk + Better variable names in example program + Michael Kerrisk + Simplify 'if' logic in example program + Michael Kerrisk + Use correct type (socklen_t) for addrlen + +semctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Davidlohr Bueso, Manfred Spraul, Philip Semanchuk] + NOTES: note when 'sempid' is set on various implementations + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=112271 and + http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/2162754/ + Subject: [PATCH] Don't set sempid in semctl syscall. + Date: 2016-02-26 12:21:38 GMT + +semop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Tweak comment describing 'sempid' + +sendfile.2 + Askar Safin + Fix incorrect description in text referring to splice(2) + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add copy_file_range(2) + +setpgid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Correct/simplify FTM requirements for BSD setpgrp() and getpgrp() + +signalfd.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that signalfd info is available in /proc/PID/fdinfo + +sigprocmask.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] + Explicitly refer the reader to sigsetops(3) + This man page did not make it obvious which functions + should be used for manipulating signals sets, nor where + those functions were documented. + +socketpair.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake] + Note treatment of 'sv' on error + +splice.2 + Askar Safin + Improve description of 0 return value. + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90911 + +statfs.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk] + Use consistent case for hex constants + +sync.2 + Christoph Hellwig + Clarify description and document the Linux data integrity guarantees + +syscall.2 + Mike Frysinger + Add more architectures and improve error documentation + Move the error register documentation into the main table rather + than listing them in sentences after the fact. + + Add sparc error return details. + + Add details for alpha/arc/m68k/microblaze/nios2/powerpc/superh/ + tile/xtensa. + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add copy_file_range(2) + +times.2 + Kondo, Naoya + Fix an incorrect description in NOTES + The text has an incorrect description in NOTES, it says + that (2^32/HZ) - 300 is about 429 million. It is correct + only if HZ=10 which does not look common today. So just + removing "(i.e., about 429 million)" is good enough. + +truncate.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add truncate(1) + +uselib.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention CONFIG_USELIB + Michael Kerrisk + Note that glibc does not support this (obsolete) system call + +wait.2 +wait4.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rename the "status" argument to "wstatus" + The fact that exit(3)/_exit(2) has an argument called + "status" and the same name is used in the arguments to the + wait*() calls can a little too easily lead the user into + thinking that the two arguments hold the same information, + when of course they don't. So, use a different name + for the argument of the wait*() functions, to reduce + the chances of such confusion. + +backtrace.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Martin Gebert] + Small fixes to example program + +clearenv.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Matt Zimmerman] + Clarify the use and effect of clearenv() + See http://bugs.debian.org/679323 + Michael Kerrisk + Variables can be added to the environment after calling clearenv() + +clog10.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Show an alternative equivalence for clog10() + Michael Kerrisk + Update CONFORMING TO + Fix grammar error and add C11. + +dl_iterate_phdr.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Paul Pluzhnikov] + Describe 'struct dl_phdr_info' fields added in glibc 2.4 + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=103011 + Michael Kerrisk [Simon Que] + Note that first object visited by 'callback' is the main program + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=94141 + +errno.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add some explanation of ENOENT error + +exec.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add system(3) + +exp.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Joachim Wuttke] + SEE ALSO: add expm1(3) + +fopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add open_memstream(3) + +fts.3 + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: glibc-2.23 now has LFS support for the fts functions + +gamma.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Alan Cox] + gamma() was documented in SVID 2 + +getaddrinfo.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Schwab, Orion Poplawski] + Update FTM requirements for glibc 2.22 + Since glibc 2.22 getaddrinfo() etc. are only declared for + POSIX.1-2001 or later. + +getcwd.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pwd(1) + +opendir.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Help the reader by explicitly mentioning the use of readdir(3) + +perror.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Suggest use of strerror(3) in place of deprecated 'sys_errlist' + +posix_fallocate.3 + Jérémie Galarneau + ERRORS: add EINTR + The glibc implementation of posix_fallocate(), which calls + fallocate(), may be interrupted. The fallocate() emulation + also makes use of pread()/pwrite(), which may also be + interrupted. + +posix_memalign.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake] + Note posix_memalign()'s treatment of 'memptr' on error + +pthread_setaffinity_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add CPU_SET(3) + +queue.3 + Dr. Tobias Quathamer + Remove double CONFORMING TO section + +rcmd.3 + Nikola Forró + Add missing condition concerning .rhosts file + The list of conditions determining if iruserok() and ruserok() + functions automatically fail is incomplete. According to glibc + source code, the functions also fail if the .rhosts file + is hard linked anywhere. + +setbuf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add stdbuf(1) + +setjmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite and merge longjmp()/siglongjmp() discussion into this page + The discussion of nonlocal gotos is much easier to read if + setjmp() and longjmp() are discussed in the same page. While + we're at it, rework almost the entire text and add several + more details. + Michael Kerrisk + Note the interactions of longjmp() and non-async-signal-safe functions + POSIX.1-2008 TC2 adds explicit text on this point. + See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=516#c1195 + Michael Kerrisk + Explain why nonlocal gotos make code harder to maintain + Michael Kerrisk + Reword warning on longjmp() to function that has already returned + Michael Kerrisk + Remove reference to obsolete _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED + +sleep.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sleep(1) + +strftime.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jeremy Harris] + Note which 'tm' fields are used to calculate each output string + See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1162218 + +strlen.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Alan Aversa] + CONFORMING TO: add C11 + +system.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add execve(2) + +termios.3 + Dr. Tobias Quathamer + Document line length in canonical mode + See https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/tty/n_tty.c#n1673 + See https://bugs.debian.org/797479 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add tty(1) + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Hurley] + Further improvements to recent tweaks of canonical mode 4096 char limit + +timegm.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Hurd, Mats Wichmann] + Remove sample implementation of timegm() + Stephen and Mats both question the wisdom of showing a portable + *non-thread-safe* implementation of timegm(), and I find it + hard to disagree. So, remove this code. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=103701 + Michael Kerrisk + Expand DESCRIPTION a little + +st4.4 + Dr. Tobias Quathamer + Remove spurious copyright section + +tty_ioctl.4 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ldattach(1) + +elf.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Gabriel Corona, Mike Frysinger] + Fix description of STV_PROTECTED + Michael Kerrisk + Improve description of STV_DEFAULT + Michael Kerrisk + Improve description of STV_HIDDEN + Chris Pick + Remove erroneous, duplicate SHN_* section + Michael Kerrisk [Chris Pick] + Reword discussion of range values a little + +gai.conf.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Add VERSIONS section + +group.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add groups(2) + SEE ALSO: add gpasswd(1) + SEE ALSO: add sg(1) + SE ALSO: add gshadow(5) + SEE ALSO: add chgrp(1) + +locale.5 + Marko Myllynen [Mike Frysinger] + tel + fax are deprecated + +nsswitch.conf.5 + Nikola Forró + Update NSS compatibility mode description + +utmp.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add lslogins(1) + +aio.7 + Andreas Gruenbacher + Improve example + When aio_sigevent.sigev_notify is set to SIGEV_SIGNAL, signal + handlers called for asynchronous I/O operations will have + si->si_code set to SI_ASYNCIO. Check to make sure that + si->si_value.sival_ptr is defined. + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Explain safety check for capability-dumb binaries + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sg(1), su(1) + SEE ALSO: add id(1), group(5), passwd(5) + +credentials.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add groups(2) + +environ.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe the Bourne "NAME=value command" syntax + Michael Kerrisk + Add some details describing hos shell's environment is initialized + Michael Kerrisk + Note that child of fork(2) inherits copy of parent's environment + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pam_env(3) + +epoll.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention that epoll info is available via /proc/PID/fdinfo + +fanotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to proc(5) for info on /proc/PID/fdinfo fanotify entries + + +feature_test_macros.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a summary of some FTM key points + Michael Kerrisk + Give an early hint about some macros being defined by default + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify relation between _XOPEN_SOURCE >=500 and _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED + Emphasize that defining _XOPEN_SOURCE >=500 produces same + effects as defining _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED. + Michael Kerrisk + Note that man pages don't mention _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED + As per previous commit, mention of _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED + has generally been removed from the man pages. + Michael Kerrisk + Note effects of "cc -std=c99" and "cc -std=c11" + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify some _ISOC99_SOURCE / _DEFAULT_SOURCE details + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is obsolete + Since SUSv2, _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is no longer specified + in the standard. + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to proc(5) for info on /proc/PID/fdinfo inotify entries + +ip.7 + Eric Dumazet + Document IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT socket option + +mq_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that the close-on-exec flag is automatically set on MQ descriptors + +namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add lsns(1) + lsns(1) was recently added in util-linux, probably to appear + in next release (2.28?). + +pipe.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Jason Vas Dias] + Clarify that I/O signalling requires use of both F_SETOWN and O_ASYNC + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add mkfifo(1) + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note the interactions of longjmp() and non-async-signal-safe functions + See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=516#c1195. + +socket.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pcap(3) + SEE ALSO: add wireshark(1) and tcpdump(8) + +standards.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add POSIX.1-2008 TC2 (POSIX.1-2016) + +svipc.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Tweak description of 'sempid' + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add lsipc(1) + +symlink.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Zefram] + Some "magic" symlinks have permissions other than 0777 + See https://bugs.debian.org/743525 + +time.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add timeout(1) + SEE ALSO: add ntp_adjtime(3) and ntp_gettime(3) + +unicode.7 + Dr. Tobias Quathamer + Document private use areas + See https://bugs.debian.org/285444 + +unix.7 + Heinrich Schuchardt + Add example + A complete example demonstrating the usage of sockets for local + interprocess communication is added. + Michael Kerrisk + Introduce term "sequenced-packet" for SOCK_SEQPACKET + Michael Kerrisk + Some wording improvements + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-4.06 ==================== + +Released: 2016-05-09, Oslo + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de> +Alon Bar-Lev <alon.barlev@gmail.com> +Benjamin Poirier <bpoirier@suse.com> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> +Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com> +Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org> +Ed Avis <eda@waniasset.com> +Georg Sauthoff <gsauthof@techfak.uni-bielefeld.de> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jordan Birks <birkses@hotmail.com> +Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com> +Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> +Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com> +Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com> +Valery Reznic <valery_reznic@yahoo.com> +Zubair Lutfullah Kakakhel <Zubair.Kakakhel@imgtec.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +cgroups.7 + Serge Hallyn, Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting cgroups + +cgroup_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Serge Hallyn] + New page describing cgroup namespaces + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLONE_NEWCGROUP + +readv.2 + Christoph Hellwig + Document preadv2() and pwritev2() +setns.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLONE_NEWCGROUP + +unshare.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLONE_NEWCGROUP + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clock_getres.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes] + Note that coarse clocks need architecture and VDSO support + +clone.2 +fork.2 + Nikola Forró + Document ERESTARTNOINTR error code + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Colin Ian King] + ERRORS: add EINVAL for improperly aligned 'child_stack' value + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Valery Reznic] + Since Linux 2.6.28, recursive script interpretation is supported + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that mandatory locking is now governed by a configuration option + +fsync.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Georg Sauthoff] + Give some examples of files where sync can fail with EINVAL + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7) + +ioctl_fat.2 + Heinrich Schuchardt + Use %04x to print volume ID + Leading zeroes should be used when display a FAT volume ID. + +ioprio_set.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7) + +lseek.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'off_t' is an integer data type defined by POSIX + +memfd_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that memfd_create() does not have a glibc wrapper + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + MS_MANDLOCK requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN (since Linux 4.5) + +quotactl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document Q_GETNEXTQUOTA and Q_XGETNEXTQUOTA + Michael Kerrisk + Rework/reorder ERRORS list + Make into a single alphabetically ordered list + Michael Kerrisk + Note kernel version that removed Q_GETSTATS + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel version for G_GETINFO, Q_SETINFO, and Q_GETFMT + +readv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that 'size_t' and 'ssize_t' are integer types specified in POSIX + +semctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + From kernel 4.6, Linux now updates 'sempid' on SETALL operations + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document SEGV_BNDERR + Michael Kerrisk + Document SEGV_PKUERR + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add preadv2() and pwritev2() + +write.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that 'size_t' and 'ssize_t' are integer types specified in POSIX + +makedev.3 + Mike Frysinger + Use <sys/sysmacros.h> in SYNOPSIS + Defining these functions via <sys/types.h> causes problems for + some folk. As noted by Zack Wein: + + libstdc++ force-enables _GNU_SOURCE, which means people + writing in C++ _can't_ avoid these nonstandard macros by + using a strict conformance mode. + + Since glibc has basically always used <sys/sysmacros.h>, + update the docs to have people include that instead. + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: mention that <sys/types.h> may also define these macros + +popen.3 + Nikola Forró + RETURN VALUE: describe successful case + Reference: + http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/popen.html + http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/pclose.html + +strtod.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Ed Avis] + Improve a detail in RETURN VALUE + +core.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/kernel/core_pipe_limit + +locale.5 + Marko Myllynen + Adjust LC_IDENTIFICATION / abbreviation + Tiny tweak to locale.5 based on ISO/IEC TR 14652: + + http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/SC22/WG20/docs/n972-14652ft.pdf + Marko Myllynen + Update LC_ADDRESS after glibc change + This patch updates locale.5 to match the recent glibc change + in commit a837257199ffab76237385b830cc7b6179fc2f18 + Marko Myllynen + Complete LC_COLLATE + Here's the first attempt to (almost) complete the locale.5 manual + page by documenting all (but perhaps one) of the missing + LC_COLLATE keywords. + Mike Frysinger + country_car: Add a better description + + +nsswitch.conf.5 + Marko Myllynen + Document group merging + Document the recently merged glibc group merge support. + Glibc commit ced8f8933673f4efda1d666d26a1a949602035ed + https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Proposals/GroupMerging + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Move /proc/PID/cgroup discussion to cgroups(7) page + Michael Kerrisk + Add some background on why /proc/PID/mountinfo was added + Michael Kerrisk + Improve description of /proc/PID/mountinfo 'root' field + Michael Kerrisk + Add pointer to cgroups(7) for documentation of /proc/cgroups + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to core(5) for info on /proc/sys/kernel/core_pipe_limit + +cpuset.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7) + +ip.7 + Benjamin Poirier + Fix incorrect sockopt name + "IP_LEAVE_GROUP" does not exist. It was perhaps a confusion with + MCAST_LEAVE_GROUP. Change the text to IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP which has + the same function as MCAST_LEAVE_GROUP and is documented in the + ip.7 man page. + + Reference: + Linux kernel net/ipv4/ip_sockglue.c do_ip_setsockopt() + +namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7), cgroup_namespaces(7) + +vdso.7 + Zubair Lutfullah Kakakhel [Mike Frysinger] + Update for MIPS + Document the symbols exported by the MIPS VDSO. + VDSO support was added from kernel 4.4 onwards. + + See https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/log/arch/mips/vdso + Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes] + The __kernel_clock_* interfaces don't support *_COARSE clocks on PowerPC + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk [Alon Bar-Lev] + Document use of $ORIGIN, $LIB, and $PLATFORM in environment variables + These strings are meaningful in LD_LIBRARY_PATH and LD_PRELOAD. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-4.07 ==================== + +Released: 2016-07-17, Ulm + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alec Leamas <leamas.alec@gmail.com> +Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org> +Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> +Carsten Grohmann <carstengrohmann@gmx.de> +Chris Gassib <position0x45@hotmail.com> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> +Darren Hart <dvhart@infradead.org> +Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> +Élie Bouttier <elie@bouttier.eu> +Eric Biggers <ebiggers3@gmail.com> +Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +Håkon Sandsmark <hsandsma@cisco.com> +Iustin Pop <iustin@k1024.org> +Jacob Willoughby <jacob@spacemonkey.com> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +James H Cownie <james.h.cownie@intel.com> +Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net> +John Wiersba <jrw32982@yahoo.com> +Jörn Engel <joern@purestorage.com> +Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> +Kai Mäkisara <kai.makisara@kolumbus.fi> +Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> +Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com> +Li Peng <lip@dtdream.com> +Marko Kevac <marko@kevac.org> +Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michał Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl> +Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com> +Mitch Walker <mitch@gearnine.com> +Neven Sajko <nsajko@gmail.com> +Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com> +Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com> +Ori Avtalion <ori@avtalion.name> +Rahul Bedarkar <rahulbedarkar89@gmail.com> +Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com> +Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> +Shawn Landden <shawn@churchofgit.com> +Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com> +Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> +Szabolcs Nagy <szabolcs.nagy@arm.com> +Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> +Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org> +Tom Callaway <tcallawa@redhat.com> +Tom Gundersen <teg@jklm.no> +Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> +W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us> +"Yuming Ma(马玉明)" <mayuming@le.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +ioctl_fideduperange.2 + Darrick J. Wong [Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk] + New page documenting the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl + Document the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl, formerly known as + BTRFS_IOC_EXTENT_SAME. + +ioctl_ficlonerange.2 + Darrick J. Wong [Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk] + New page documenting FICLONE and FICLONERANGE ioctls + Document the FICLONE and FICLONERANGE ioctls, formerly known as + the BTRFS_IOC_CLONE and BTRFS_IOC_CLONE_RANGE ioctls. + +nextup.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting nextup(), nextdown(), and related functions + +mount_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Michael Kerrisk] + New page describing mount namespaces + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document flags used to set propagation type + Document MS_SHARED, MS_PRIVATE, MS_SLAVE, and MS_UNBINDABLE. + Michael Kerrisk + Document the MS_REC flag + +ptrace.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook, Jann Horn, Eric W. Biederman, Stephen Smalley] + Document ptrace access modes + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/PID/status 'Ngid' field + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/PID/status fields: 'NStgid', 'NSpid', 'NSpgid', 'NSsid' + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +preadv2.2 +pwritev2.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to readv(2) + +nextdown.3 +nextdownf.3 +nextdownl.3 +nextupf.3 +nextupl.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to nextup(3) + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +ldd.1 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a little more detail on why ldd is unsafe with untrusted executables + Michael Kerrisk + Add more detail on the output of ldd + +localedef.1 + Marko Myllynen + Drop --old-style description + The glibc upstream decided to drop localedef(1) --old-style + option [1] altogether, I think we can do the same with + localedef(1), the option hasn't done anything in over 16 + years and I doubt anyone uses it. + +add_key.2 + Mitch Walker + Empty payloads are not allowed in user-defined keys + +chroot.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pivot_root(2) + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to mount_namespaces(7) under CLONE_NEWNS description + +fork.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add ENOMEM error for PID namespace where "init" has died + +futex.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Correct an ENOSYS error description + Since Linux 4.5, FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME is allowed with FUTEX_WAIT. + Michael Kerrisk [Darren Hart] + Remove crufty text about FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET interpretation of timeout + Since Linux 4.5, FUTEX_WAIT also understands + FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME. + Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Gleixner] + Explain how to get equivalent of FUTEX_WAIT with an absolute timeout + Michael Kerrisk + Describe FUTEX_BITSET_MATCH_ANY + Describe FUTEX_BITSET_MATCH_ANY and FUTEX_WAIT and FUTEX_WAKE + equivalences. + Michael Kerrisk + Note that at least one bit must be set in mask for BITSET operations + At least one bit must be set in the 'val3' mask supplied for the + FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET and FUTEX_WAKE_BITSET operations. + Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Gleixner, Darren Hart] + Fix descriptions of various timeouts + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify clock default and choices for FUTEX_WAIT + +getitimer.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Substantial rewrites to various parts of the page + Michael Kerrisk [Tom Callaway] + Change license to note that page may be modified + The page as originally written carried text that said the page may + be freely distributed but made no statement about modification. + In the 20+ years since it was first written, the page has in fact + seen repeated, sometimes substantial, modifications, and only a + small portion of the original text remains. One could I suppose + rewrite the last few pieces that remain from the original, + but as the largest contributor to the pages existing text, + I'm just going to relicense it to explicitly note that + modification is permitted. (I presume the failure by the + original author to grant permission to modify was simply an + oversight; certainly, the large number of people who have + changed the page have taken that to be the case.) + + See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=118311 + +get_mempolicy.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jörn Engel] + Correct rounding to 'maxnodes' (bits, not bytes) + Michael Kerrisk [Jörn Engel] + Fix prototype for get_mempolicy() + In numaif.h, 'addr' is typed as 'void *' + +getpriority.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Make discussion of RLIMIT_NICE more prominent + The discussion of RLIMIT_NICE was hidden under the EPERM error, + where it was difficult to find. Place some relevant text in + DESCRIPTION. + Michael Kerrisk + Note that getpriority()/setpriority deal with same attribute as nice(2) + Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin] + Clarify equivalence between lower nice value and higher priority + +get_robust_list.2 + Michael Kerrisk + get_robust_list() is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS + +ioctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ioctl_fideduperange(2) and ioctl_ficlonerange(2) + +kcmp.2 + Michael Kerrisk + kcmp() is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS + Shawn Landden + Note about SECURITY_YAMA +kill.2 + Michael Kerrisk [John Wiersba] + Clarify the meaning if sig==0 + +lookup_dcookie.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add oprofile(1) + +mmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Rahul Bedarkar] + EXAMPLE: for completeness, add munmap() and close() calls + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Restructure discussion of 'mountflags' into functional groups + The existing text makes no differentiation between different + "classes" of mount flags. However, certain flags such as + MS_REMOUNT, MS_BIND, MS_MOVE, etc. determine the general + type of operation that mount() performs. Furthermore, the + choice of which class of operation to perform is performed in + a certain order, and that order is significant if multiple + flags are specified. Restructure and extend the text to + reflect these details. + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate text on multimounting and mount stacking to NOTES + The text was somewhat out of place in its previous location; + NOTES is a better location. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove version numbers attached to flags that are modifiable on remount + This information was simply bogus. Mea culpa. + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to mount_namespaces(7) for details on propagation types + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: s/namespaces(7)/mount_namespaces(7)/ + Omar Sandoval + MS_BIND still ignores mountflags + This is clear from the do_mount() function in the kernel as of v4.6. + Michael Kerrisk + Note the default treatment of ATIME flags during MS_REMOUNT + The behavior changed in Linux 3.17. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that MS_MOVE ignores remaining bits in 'mountflags' + Michael Kerrisk + Note kernel version that added MS_MOVE + Michael Kerrisk + MS_NOSUID also disables file capabilities + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate/demote/rework text on MS_MGC_VAL + The use of this constant has not been needed for 15 years now. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that 'source' and 'target' are pathnames, and can refer to files + Michael Kerrisk + Update example list of filesystem types + Put more modern examples in; remove many older examples. + Michael Kerrisk + MS_LAZYTIME and MS_RELATIME can be changed on remount + Michael Kerrisk + Explicitly note that MS_DIRSYNC setting cannot be changed on remount + Michael Kerrisk + Move text describing 'data' argument higher up in page + In preparation for other reworking. + Michael Kerrisk + Since Linux 2.6.26, bind mounts can be made read-only + +open.2 + Eric Biggers + Refer to correct functions in description of O_TMPFILE + +pciconfig_read.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Tom Callaway] + Change license to note that page may be modified + Niki Rahimi, the author of this page, has agreed that it's okay + to change the license to note that the page can be modified. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=118311 + +perf_event_open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + If pid > 0, the operation is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS + Jann Horn + Document new perf_event_paranoid default + Keno Fischer [Vince Weaver] + Add a note that dyn_size is omitted if size == 0 + The perf_output_sample_ustack in kernel/events/core.c only writes + a single 64 bit word if it can't dump the user registers. From the + current version of the man page, I would have expected two 64 bit + words (one for size, one for dyn_size). Change the man page to + make this behavior explicit. + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Some wording improvements in timer slack description + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to discussion of /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns + Under discussion of PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, refer the reader to + the /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns file, documented in proc(5). + +process_vm_readv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rephrase permission rules in terms of a ptrace access mode check + +ptrace.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jann Horn] + Update Yama ptrace_scope documentation + Reframe the discussion in terms of PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH checks, + and make a few other minor tweaks and additions. + Michael Kerrisk, Jann Horn + Note that user namespaces can be used to bypass Yama protections + Michael Kerrisk + Note that PTRACE_SEIZE is subject to a ptrace access mode check + Michael Kerrisk + Rephrase PTRACE_ATTACH permissions in terms of ptrace access mode check + +quotactl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jacob Willoughby] + 'dqb_curspace' is in bytes, not blocks + This error appears to have been injected into glibc + when copying some headers from BSD. + + See https://bugs.debian.org/825548 + +recv.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Tom Gundersen] + With pending 0-length datagram read() and recv() with flags == 0 differ + +setfsgid.2 +setfsuid.2 + Jann Horn [Michael Kerrisk] + Fix note about errors from the syscall wrapper + See sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/setfsuid.c in glibc-2.2.1. + (This code is not present in modern glibc anymore.) + Michael Kerrisk + Move glibc wrapper notes to "C library/kernel differences" subsection + +sysinfo.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite and update various pieces + +umask.2 + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: Mention /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field + +umount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add mount_namespaces(7) + +unshare.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to mount_namespaces(7) under CLONE_NEWNS description + +utimensat.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley] + Note that the glibc wrapper disallows pathname==NULL + +wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Since Linux 4.7, __WALL is implied if child being ptraced + Michael Kerrisk + waitid() now (since Linux 4.7) also supports __WNOTHREAD/__WCLONE/__WALL + +assert.3 + Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos + Improved description + Removed text referring to text not being helpful to users. Provide + the error text instead to allow the reader to determine whether it + is helpful. Recommend against using NDEBUG for programs to + exhibit deterministic behavior. Moved description ahead of + recommendations. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify details of message printed by assert() + +fmax.3 +fmin.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add fdim(3) + +getauxval.3 + Cownie, James H + Correct AT_HWCAP result description + +inet_pton.3 + Stefan Puiu + Mention byte order + +malloc_hook.3 + Michael Kerrisk + glibc 2.24 removes __malloc_initialize_hook + +memmem.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden] + Note that memmem() is present on some other systems + +mkdtemp.3 +mktemp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add mktemp(1) + +printf.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden] + Note support in other C libraries for %m and %n + +strcasecmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Ori Avtalion] + Make details of strncasecmp() comparison clearer + +strcat.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a program that shows the performance characteristics of strcat() + In honor of Joel Spolksy's visit to Munich, let's start educating + Schlemiel The Painter. + +strtoul.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add a64l(3) + +strxfrm.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] + Remove NOTES section + strxfrm() and strncpy() are not precisely equivalent in the + POSIX locale, so this NOTES section was not really correct. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=104221 + +console_codes.4 +console_ioctl.4 +tty.4 +vcs.4 +charsets.7 + Marko Myllynen + Remove console(4) references + 0f9e647 removed the obsolete console(4) page but we still have few + references to it. The patch below removes them or converts to refs + to console_ioctl(4) where appropriate. + +console_ioctl.4 + Michael Kerrisk [Chris Gassib] + The argument to KDGETMODE is an 'int' + +lirc.4 + Alec Leamas + Update after upstreamed lirc.h, bugfixes. + +st.4 + Kai Mäkisara + Fix description of read() when block is larger than request + Kai Mäkisara + Update MTMKPART for kernels >= 4.6 + Update the description of the MTMKPART operation of MTIOCTOP to match + the changes in kernel version 4.6. + +charmap.5 + Marko Myllynen + Clarify keyword syntax + Updates charmap(5) to match the syntax all the glibc + charmap files are using currently. + +elf.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add readelf(1) + +locale.5 + Marko Myllynen + Document missing keywords, minor updates + Marko Myllynen + Clarify keyword syntax + Marko Myllynen + Adjust conformance + +proc.5 +namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Move /proc/PID/mounts information to proc(5) + There was partial duplication, and some extra information + in namespaces(7). Move everything to proc(5). + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + /proc/PID/fd/* are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS + Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/fd/* symlinks is + governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check. + Michael Kerrisk + /proc/PID/timerslack_ns is governed by PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS + Permission to access /proc/PID/timerslack_ns is governed by + a PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check. + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/PID/{maps,mem,pagemap} access mode checks + Permission to access /proc/PID/{maps,pagemap} is governed by a + PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check. + + Permission to access /proc/PID/mem is governed by a + PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check. + Michael Kerrisk + Note /proc/PID/stat fields that are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS + Michael Kerrisk + /proc/PID/{cwd,exe,root} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS + Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/{cwd,exe,root} is + governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check. + Michael Kerrisk + /proc/PID/io is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS + Permission to access /proc/PID/io is governed by + a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check. + Michael Kerrisk + /proc/PID/{personality,stack,syscall} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS + Permission to access /proc/PID/{personality,stack,syscall} is + governed by a PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check. + Michael Kerrisk + /proc/PID/{auxv,environ,wchan} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS + Permission to access /proc/PID/{auxv,environ,wchan} is governed by + a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check. + Michael Kerrisk + Move shared subtree /proc/PID/mountinfo fields to mount_namespaces(7) + Move information on shared subtree fields in /proc/PID/mountinfo + to mount_namespaces(7). + Michael Kerrisk ["Yuming Ma(马玉明)"] + Note that /proc/net is now virtualized per network namespace + Michael Kerrisk + Add references to mount_namespaces(7) + +repertoiremap.5 + Marko Myllynen + Clarify keyword syntax + +utmp.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add logname(1) + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Andy Lutomirski] + Note on SECURE_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE for capabilities-only environment + Michael Kerrisk + Add a detail on use of securebits + +cgroup_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add namespaces(7) + +cgroups.7 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add mount(2) EBUSY error + +cp1251.7 +cp1252.7 +iso_8859-1.7 +iso_8859-15.7 +iso_8859-5.7 +koi8-r.7 +koi8-u.7 + Marko Myllynen + Add some charset references + Add some references to related charsets here and there. + +credentials.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add runuser(1) + SEE ALSO: add newgrp(1) + SEE ALSO: add sudo(8) + +feature_test_macros.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Emphasize that applications should not directly include <features.h> + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify which sections man-pages provides man pages for + Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett] + Add a few more details on formatting conventions + Add some more details for Section 1 and 8 formatting. + Separate out formatting discussion into commands, functions, + and "general". + +namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + /proc/PID/ns/* are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS + Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/ns/* symlinks is + governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check. + Michael Kerrisk + Nowadays, file changes in /proc/PID/mounts are notified differently + Exceptional condition for select(), (E)POLLPRI for (e)poll + Michael Kerrisk + Remove /proc/PID/mountstats description + This is a duplicate of information in proc(5). + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to new mount_namespaces(7) for information on mount namespaces + +netlink.7 + Andrey Vagin + Describe netlink socket options + Michael Kerrisk + Rework version information + (No changes in technical details.) + +pid_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add namespaces(7) + +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Move discussion on pathname socket permissions to DESCRIPTION + Michael Kerrisk + Expand discussion of socket permissions + Michael Kerrisk + Fix statement about permissions needed to connect to a UNIX domain socket + Read permission is not required (verified by experiment). + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify ownership and permissions assigned during socket creation + Michael Kerrisk [Carsten Grohmann] + Update text on socket permissions on other systems + At least some of the modern BSDs seem to check for write + permission on a socket. (I tested OpenBSD 5.9.) On Solaris 10, + some light testing suggested that write permission is still + not checked on that system. + Michael Kerrisk + Note that umask / permissions have no effect for abstract sockets + W. Trevor King + Fix example code: 'ret' check after accept populates 'data_socket' + Michael Kerrisk + Move some abstract socket details to a separate subsection + Michael Kerrisk + Note that abstract sockets automatically disappear when FDs are closed + +user_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan] + Clarify meaning of privilege in a user namespace + Having privilege in a user NS only allows privileged + operations on resources governed by that user NS. Many + privileged operations relate to resources that have no + association with any namespace type, and only processes + with privilege in the initial user NS can perform those + operations. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671 + Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan] + List the mount operations permitted by CAP_SYS_ADMIN + List the mount operations permitted by CAP_SYS_ADMIN in a + noninitial userns. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671 + Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan] + CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows mounting cgroup filesystems + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify details of CAP_SYS_ADMIN and cgroup v1 mounts + With respect to cgroups version 1, CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the user + namespace allows only *named* hierarchies to be mounted (and + not hierarchies that have a controller). + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify CAP_SYS_ADMIN details for mounting FS_USERNS_MOUNT filesystems + Michael Kerrisk + Correct user namespace rules for mounting /proc + Michael Kerrisk + Describe a concrete example of capability checking + Add a concrete example of how the kernel checks capabilities in + an associated user namespace when a process attempts a privileged + operation. + Michael Kerrisk + Correct kernel version where XFS added support for user namespaces + Linux 3.12, not 3.11. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ptrace(2) + SEE ALSO: add cgroup_namespaces(7) + +utf-8.7: + Shawn Landden + Include RFC 3629 and clarify endianness which is left ambiguous + The endianness is suggested by the order the bytes are displayed, + but the text is ambiguous. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-4.08 ==================== + +Released: 2016-10-08, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Arnaud Gaillard <arnaud.mgaillard@gmail.com> +Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@worldbroken.com> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> +David Turner <novalis@novalis.org> +Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org> +Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com> +Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Hu Keping <hukeping@huawei.com> +Igor Liferenko <igor.liferenko@gmail.com> +Ivan Kharpalev <ivan.kharpalev@gmail.com> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net> +Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> +Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com> +Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr> +Local Lembke <logan@blackhillsinfosec.com> +Mats Wichmann <mats@wichmann.us> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Crowe <mac@mcrowe.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> +Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com> +Patrick McLean <patrickm@gaikai.com> +Peter Wu <peter@lekensteyn.nl> +Petr Cermak <petrcermak@chromium.org> +Quentin Rameau <quinq@fifth.space> +Ray Bellis <ray@isc.org> +Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> +Ruben Kerkhof <ruben@rubenkerkhof.com> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> +Siward de Groot <siward@wanadoo.nl> +Sloane Bernstein <sloane@cpanel.net> +Stefan Tauner <tauner@technikum-wien.at> +Tim Savannah <kata198@gmail.com> +Ursache Vladimir <f35f22fan@gmail.com> +Zefram <zefram@fysh.org> +王守堰 <wangshouyan@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +quotactl.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk] + Updated information regarding disk quota flags + Added information regarding DQF_SYS_FILE flag; updated definition + of V1_DQF_RSQUASH, which has been defined privately and defined + publicly as DQF_ROOT_SQUASH. + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Updated information regarding XFS-specific quotactl subcommands + Added information regarding structure definitions used for + XFS-specific subcommands, updated flag constants, added + information regarding ignored syscall arguments, added notes on + usage of kernel UAPI header. + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Additions regarding project quotas + Added information regarding presence of project quotas. + +bswap.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting bswap_16(), bswap_32(), and bswap_64() + +cgroups.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Substantial rewrites, additions, and corrections. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +readv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document the pwritev2() RWF_SYNC and RWF_DSYNC flags + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/PID/seccomp + Jann Horn + Document /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children + Document the /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children interface from + CRIU, and more importantly, document why it's usually not + a good interface. + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +bswap_16.3 +bswap_32.3 +bswap_64.3 + New link to new bswap.3 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Fix section ordering + Various pages had sections in an order different from + that prescribed in man-pages(7). + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] + Consistently use /proc/[pid] (not /proc/PID) + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Fix order of SEE ALSO entries + Entries should be ordered first by section, and then alphabetically + within the section. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Order ERRORS alphabetically + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Remove section number from page self reference + Fix places where pages refer to the function that they describe + and include a section number in that reference. Such references + cause some HTML-rendering tools to create self-references in the + page. + +A few pages + Michael Kerrisk + Eliminate groff "cannot adjust line" warnings + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +pldd.1 + Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell] + Note gdb(1) command that can be used as a replacement for pldd + Taken from Carlos O'Donnell's suggestion in + https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18035#c2 + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: pldd has not worked since glibc 2.19 + +accept.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention epoll(7) alongside poll()/select() + Michael Kerrisk + Demote discussion of DECNet to NOTES + DECNet ceased to be important long ago... + +adjtimex.2 + Nikola Forró + Fix kernel version references + +chroot.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_CHROOT + +clone.2 + Keno Fischer [Josh Triplett] + Adjust syscall prototype and expand CLONE_SETTLS description + Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett, Josh Triplett] + Document raw syscall interfaces on various other architectures + Michael Kerrisk + Change types for 'ptid' and 'ctid' in syscall prototypes + These types changed from 'void *' to 'int *' back in Linux 3.8. + Michael Kerrisk + EINVAL is generated by glibc wrapper for NULL 'fn' or 'child_stack' + Clarify that this error is produced by the wrapper function, not + the underlying system call. In particular, the point is that the + raw system call can accommodate a NULL pointer for 'child_stack'. + Michael Kerrisk [Elliott Hughes] + Make the implications of CLONE_FILES more explicit + If CLONE_FILES is not set, the duplicated FDs nevertheless share + file offset and status flags via the open file description. + Michael Kerrisk + Mention kcmp() under notes + +close.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add mention of the close-on-exec flag + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify discussion noting that close() does not flush buffer cache + +epoll_wait.2 + Mike Crowe + Clarify that the timeout is measured against CLOCK_MONOTONIC + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention use of 'environ' to access environment list + Michael Kerrisk + Note that real UID, real GID, and supplementary GIDs are unchanged + +fanotify_init.2 + Heinrich Schuchardt + Update BUGS information + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note an important detail of F_SETOWN permission rules for signals + F_SETOWN records the caller's credentials at the time of + the fcntl() call, and it is these saved credentials that + are used for subsequent permission checks. + Michael Kerrisk + Make the description of the effect of close-on-exec a little clearer + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that F_GETFD and F_GETFL return flags via the function result + +fork.2 + Michael Kerrisk + PID of new process also does not match any existing session ID + +fsync.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pwritev(2) + Since Linux 4.7, pwritev() has flags related to I/O + integrity completion. + +getdomainname.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_ADMIN + +getgroups.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETGID + +gethostname.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_ADMIN + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note user namespace semantics for CAP_SYS_RESOURCE + +getsid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework description to be somewhat clearer + Michael Kerrisk + Correct the definition of "session ID" + +getunwind.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Simplify text referring to vdso(7) + The detail given here is redundant, since this info is also + in vdso(7). + +kcmp.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add an example program + +kill.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note the user namespace requirement for CAP_KILL + +killpg.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to kill(2) for signal permission rules + +mlock.2 + Sebastian Andrzej Siewior + Document that fork() after mlock() may be a bad idea in a RT process + +mmap.2 + Jann Horn + Describe treatment of 'offset' for MAP_ANONYMOUS + Michael Kerrisk [Siward de Groot] + Small improvement to description of MAP_SHARED + See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6887 + +msgctl.2 +msgget.2 +msgop.2 +semctl.2 +semget.2 +semop.2 +shmctl.2 +shmget.2 +shmop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note the user namespace requirements for CAP_IPC_OWNER + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify user namespace capability requirements for O_NOATIME + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: kcmp() can be used to test if two FDs refer to the same OFD + Michael Kerrisk + F2FS support for O_TMPFILE was added in Linux 3.16 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify the rules about how the group ID of a new file is determined + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to proc(5) for effects of dumpability on ownership of /proc/PID/* + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: Add EACCES error for PR_SET_SECCOMP-SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER + Michael Kerrisk + Simplify list of cases where "dumpable" attribute is reset + Michael Kerrisk + Note user namespace requirements for PR_CAPBSET_DROP CAP_SETPCAP + +readlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Ursache Vladimir] + Make example program handle links that report a size of zero + Some "magic" symlinks created by the kernel (e.g., those under + /proc and /sys) report 'st_size' as zero. Modify the example + program to handle that possibility. + Michael Kerrisk + Emphasize that truncation of returned buffer generates no error + +readv.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Hellwig] + Clarify that RWF_DSYNC and RWF_SYNC apply only to data being written + Michael Kerrisk + Add preadv2() and pwritev2() to NAME line + +reboot.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note user namespace requirements around CAP_SYS_BOOT + +rename.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Tim Savannah] + Clarify that ERRORS may cause rename to fail (not to be nonatomic) + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_NICE + +seccomp.2 + Michael Kerrisk + CAP_SYS_ADMIN is required only in caller's user namespace + +select_tut.2 + Peter Wu + Fix various issues in example program + +seteuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID + +setgid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETGID + +setpgid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a reference to credentials(7) + +setpgid.2 +setsid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate some text on sessions and sessions leaders + Some text that was in setpgid(2) is better placed in setsid(2). + +setresuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID + +setreuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID + +setsid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to credentials(7) for details for details on controlling terminal + Refer to credentials(7) for details of how a session obtains + a controlling terminal. + +set_thread_area.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add get_thread_area() to NAME + +setuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID + +sigprocmask.2 + Keno Fischer + Expand/clarify libc/kernel sigset_t difference + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Ursache Vladimir, Mats Wichmann] + Improve discussion of 'st_size' for /proc and /sys files + Michael Kerrisk + _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE no longer expose nanosecond timestamps + +umask.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Provide a rationale for the existence of /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field + +wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove erroneous statement that waitpid() is implemented via wait4() + There is a fallback to wait4(), but only if the kernel does + not provide a waitpid() system call. + +bindresvport.3 +rcmd.3 +ip.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE + +byteorder.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add bswap(3) + +dlopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + dlmopen() is still broken in glibc 2.24 + +endian.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add bswap(3) + +ffs.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Stefan Tauner] + Correct feature test macro requirements + +fmemopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] + Remove bogus suggestion to use setbuffer() + +getlogin.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Update feature test macro requirements for cuserid() + +getumask.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that getumask() is still unavailable in glibc 2.24 + Michael Kerrisk + Point to umask(2) for a thread-safe way to discover process's umask + +mkstemp.3 + Quentin Rameau + Fix _POSIX_C_SOURCE value for mkstemp() + The correct _POSIX_C_SOURCE value has always been 200809L, + not 200112L. + +pthread_join.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Mats Wichmann] + Note that the caller might do clean up after joining with a thread + Michael Kerrisk [王守堰] + Clarify use of 'retval' pointer + +resolver.3 + Ray Bellis + Correct arguments to res_ninit(res_state statep) + +strverscmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add an example program + +wcstombs.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko] + wcsrtombs() does not provide thread-safe interface to same functionality + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=741360 + +core.5 + Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk] + Add more details for output paths and the crash handler + People sometimes assume that the crash handler runs in the same + context as the crashing process. They would be incorrect :). + +proc.5 + Mike Frysinger + Clarify the root symlink and mount namespaces + If the target process is in a different mount namespace, the root + symlink actually shows that view of the filesystem. + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] + Expand discussion of /proc/[pid]/root + Add a shell example showing that /proc/[pid]/root is more + than a symlink. Based on an example provided by Mike Frysinger + in an earlier commit message. + Michael Kerrisk + Explain rules determining ownership of /proc/PID/* files + Describe the effect of the "dumpable" attribute on ownership + of /proc/PID files. + Michael Kerrisk + Note effect of 'suid_dumpable' on ownership of /proc/PID files + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to ptrace(2) for info on effect of suid_dumpable on ptraceability + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to core(5) in discussion of 'suid_dumpable' + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'suid_dumpable' mode 1 is insecure + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/meminfo '+ShmemHugePages' and 'ShmemPmdMapped' fields + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/PID/status 'RssAnon', 'RssFile', and 'RssShmem' fields + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/PID/status 'HugetlbPages' field + Michael Kerrisk [Zefram] + Clarify that /proc/PID/statm 'shared' field counts *resident* pages + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=741360 + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to umask(2) in discussion of /proc/PID/status 'Umask' + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify user namespace requirements for /proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks + Michael Kerrisk + Note changes to config option governing /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify description of /proc/PID/statm 'lib' and 'dt' fields + These fields are always zero since Linux 2.6. + Namhyung Kim [Petr Cermak] + Add description of CLEAR_REFS_MM_HIWATER_RSS + Michael Kerrisk + Update example VM values in /proc/PID/status + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add note about nosuid to file capabilities section + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add proc(5) + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add setsid(2) and setpgid(2) + +glob.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Arnaud Gaillard] + Clarify that syntactically incorrect patterns are left unchanged + +packet.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_RAW + +pipe.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Patrick McLean] + Document FIONREAD + +raw.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_RAW + Also remove mention of UID 0 as a method or creating + a raw socket. As far as I can tell from reading the + kernel source (net/ipv4/af_inet.c), this is not true. + +socket.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SIOCSPGRP: refer to fcntl(2) F_SETOWN for correct permission rules + The permission rules described for SIOCCPGRP are wrong. Rather + than repeat the rules here, just refer the reader to fcntl(2), + where the rules are described for F_SETOWN. + +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget, Ivan Kharpalev] + Remove mention of recvmsg() from discussion of EPIPE error + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=137351 + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Expand description of LD_DEBUG + Provide a list of the categories, and note that multiple + categories can be specified. + Michael Kerrisk + Add glibc version for LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify text describing whether secure-mode programs preload libraries + Michael Kerrisk + Remove discussion of environment variables understood by libc5 + libc5 disappeared long ago, so cease cluttering up this page + with those ancient details. Thus, remove discussion of the + following environment variables: LD_AOUT_LIBRARY_PATH, + LD_AOUT_PRELOAD, LD_KEEPDIR, LD_NOWARN, and LDD_ARGV0. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove text with ancient libc4 and Linux libc details + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mention of "ELF only" + Drawing a distinction between ELF-only features versus a,out + ceased to be relevant long ago, so cluttering the page + with "ELF-only" serves no purpose. + + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-4.09 ==================== + +Released: 2016-12-12, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Afzal Mohammed <afzal.mohd.ma@gmail.com> +Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> +Daniel Baluta <daniel.baluta@gmail.com> +Daniel Berrange <berrange@redhat.com> +Daniel Wagner <wagi@monom.org> +Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> +Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> +Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org> +Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org> +Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com> +Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> +Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Igor Liferenko <igor.liferenko@gmail.com> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net> +Jeremy Harris <jgh@redhat.com> +Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> +Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com> +Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr> +Laurent Georget <laurent@lgeorget.eu> +Marcos Mello <marcosfrm@gmail.com> +Michael Hausenblas <michael.hausenblas@gmail.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> +Miroslav Koskar <mk@mkoskar.com> +Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com> +Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com> +Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@virtuozzo.com> +Piotr Kwapulinski <kwapulinski.piotr@gmail.com> +Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@sourceware.org> +Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> +Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com> +Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net> +Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> +Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Wang Long <long.wanglong@huawei.com> +Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> +Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +pkey_alloc.2 + Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk] + New page documenting pkey_alloc(2) and pkey_free(2) + +pthread_getattr_default_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting pthread_getattr_default_np(3) and pthread_setattr_default_np(3) + +strfromd.3 + Wainer dos Santos Moschetta + New page documenting strfromd(3), strfromf(3), and strfroml(3) + The ISO/IEC TS 18661-1 specifies the strfrom() class + of functions that convert a float-point value to string. + +fuse.4 + Keno Fischer [Michael Kerrisk] + New page describing /dev/fuse + This is my writeup of a basic description of /dev/fuse after + playing with it for a few hours today. It is of course woefully + incomplete, and since I neither have a use case nor am working + on this code, I will not be in a position to expand it in the + near future. However, I'm hoping this could still serve as a + handy reference for others looking at this interface. + + [mtk: Notwithstanding the incompleteness of this page, + it's a good base for future extension.] + +tmpfs.5 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting the tmpfs filesystem + +pkeys.7 + Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk] + New page with overview of Memory Protection Keys + +random.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Theodore Ts'o, Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos, Laurent Georget] + New page providing an overview of interfaces for obtaining randomness + Contains material extracted from getrandom(2) and random(4), + as well as new material. + +sock_diag.7 + Pavel Emelyanov, Dmitry V. Levin + New page documenting NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG interface + +close.2 +getpriority.2 +nice.2 +timer_create.2 +timerfd_create.2 +random.4 +elf.5 +proc.5 +sched.7 + Various authors + These pages also saw substantial updates, as described under + "Changes to individual pages". + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +mmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add (much) more detail on MAP_GROWSDOWN + +mprotect.2 + Dave Hansen + Document the new pkey_mprotect() system call + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Document PROT_SEM, PROT_SAO, PROT_GROWSUP, and PROT_GROWSDOWN + +prctl.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Document PR_SET_FP_MODE and PR_GET_FP_MODE + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver + PERF_RECORD_SWITCH support + Linux 4.3 introduced two new record types for recording context + switches: PERF_RECORD_SWITCH and PERF_RECORD_SWITCH_CPU_WIDE. + Vince Weaver + Add PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_CALL branch sample type + Vince Weaver + PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_JUMP branch_sample_type + Linux 4.2 added a new branch_sample_type: PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_JUMP + Vince Weaver + Document PERF_RECORD_MISC_PROC_MAP_PARSE_TIMEOUT + Vince Weaver + Document sample_max_stack and /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack + Linux 4.8 added a new sample_max_stack parameter, as well as + /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack which limits it and a new + EOVERFLOW error return. + Dave Hansen + PERF_RECORD_LOST_SAMPLES record type + Linux 4.2 added a new record type: PERF_RECORD_LOST_SAMPLES + It is generated when hardware samples (currently only Intel PEBS) + are lost. + +ptrace.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER + Michael Kerrisk + Document PTRACE_GET_THREAD_AREA and PTRACE_SET_THREAD_AREA + +namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman] + Document the NS_GET_USERNS and NS_GET_PARENT ioctl() operations + +sched.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Galbraith] + Document the autogroup feature + Includes documenting autogroup nice value + Michael Kerrisk + Autogrouping breaks traditional semantics of nice in many cases + When autogrouping is enabled (the default in many distros) + there are many traditional use cases where the nice value + ceases to have any effect. + Michael Kerrisk + Add a subsection on nice value and group scheduling + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +killpg.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to relocated killpg(3) page + +pkey_free.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pkey_alloc(2) page + +pkey_mprotect.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to mprotect(2) + +pthread_setattr_default_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_getattr_default_np.3 + +strfromf.3 + Wainer dos Santos Moschetta + New link to strfromd(3) + +strfroml.3 + Wainer dos Santos Moschetta + New link to strfromd(3) + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Remove ancient libc4 and libc5 details + It's nearly 20 years now since Linux libc went away. + Remove some ancient details from the pages. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Add cross references to new tmpfs(5) page + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Change section number from 2 to 3 in killpg() references + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +accept.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove editorializing comments about 'socklen_t' + Michael Kerrisk + Simplify the discussion of 'socklen_t' + We don't really need to list the old OSes in this discussion. + +adjtimex.2 +clock_getres.2 +gettimeofday.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add hwclock(8) + +bind.2 +connect.2 +getpeername.2 +getsockname.2 +getsockopt.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Replace discussion of 'socklen_t' with reference to accept(2) + The discussion of 'socklen_t' editorializes and is repeated + across several pages. Replace it with a reference to accept(2), + where some details about this type are provided. + +chmod.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add chmod(1) + +chown.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add chgrp(1) and chown(1) + +chroot.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add chroot(1) + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + The CLONE_*_SETTID operations store TID before return to user space + CLONE_PARENT_SETTID and CLONE_CHILD_SETTID store the new + TID before clone() returns to user space + +close.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Wagner] + Rework and greatly extend discussion of error handling + Further clarify that an error return should be used only + for diagnostic or remedial purposes. + Michael Kerrisk + Other UNIX implementations also close the FD, even if reporting an error + Looking at some historical source code suggests + that the "close() always closes regardless of error return" + behavior has a long history, predating even POSIX.1-1990. + Michael Kerrisk + Note that future POSIX plans to require that the FD is closed on error + See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=529#c1200. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify the variation in EINTR behavior per POSIX and other systems + +fallocate.2 + Darrick J. Wong + Document behavior with shared blocks + Note that FALLOC_FL_UNSHARE may use CoW to unshare blocks to + guarantee that a disk write won't fail with ENOSPC. + +fanotify_mark.2 + Heinrich Schuchardt + Mention FAN_Q_OVERFLOW + To receive overflow events it is necessary to set this bit + in fanotify_mark(). + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + F_GETPIPE_SZ allocates next power-of-2 multiple of requested size + Add some detail about current implementation, since this helps + the user understand the effect of the user pipe limits added in + Linux 4.5 (described in pipe(7)). + Michael Kerrisk + Add EPERM that occurs for F_SETPIPE_SZ when user pipe limit is reached + +fideduperange.2 + Darrick J. Wong [Omar Sandoval] + Fix the discussion of maximum sizes + Fix the discussion of the limitations on the dest_count and + src_length parameters to the fideduperange ioctl() to reflect + what's actually in the kernel. + +fsync.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add fileno(3) + fileno(3) is useful if one is combining fflush(3)/fclose(3) + and fsync(2). + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add fflush(3) + +getgroups.2 + Andrew Clayton + FTM requirements fix for setgroups(2) + +gethostname.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add hostname(1) + +get_mempolicy.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'addr' must be NULL when 'flags' is 0 + +getpriority.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Warn that autogrouping voids the effect of 'nice' in many cases + Refer the reader to sched(7) for the details. + Michael Kerrisk + Expand discussion of getpriority() return value + Michael Kerrisk + The nice value supplied to setpriority() is clamped + Note that the nice value supplied to setpriority() is clamped + to the permitted range. + Michael Kerrisk + Improve description of setpriority() return value + +getpriority.2 +sched.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Move nice value details from getpriority(2) to sched(7) + Centralizing these details in sched(7) is more logical. + +getrandom.2 +random.4 + Michael Kerrisk + Consolidate and improve discussion on usage of randomness + Currently, recommendations on how to consume randomness are + spread across both getrandom(2) and random(4) and the general + opinion seems to be that the text in getrandom(2) does a + somewhat better job. Consolidate the discussion to a single + page (getrandom(2)) and address some of the concerns + expressed about the existing text in random(4). + [Some of this text ultimately made its way into the new + random(7) page.] + +getrandom.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove material incorporated into random(7) + Michael Kerrisk + Note advantages of fact that getrandom() doesn't use file descriptors + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that getrandom() is not "reading" from /dev/{random,urandom} + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to sched(7) in discussion of RLIMIT_RTPRIO and RLIMIT_RTTIME + Michael Kerrisk + Describe the range of the RLIMIT_NICE limit + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to sched(7) in the discussion of RLIMIT_NICE + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add credentials(7) + +ioctl_ficlonerange.2 +ioctl_fideduperange.2 + Darrick J. Wong + Clarify the behavior of the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl + +kill.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add kill(1) + +mbind.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Lameter] + Memory policy is a per-thread attribute, not a per-process attribute + +mbind.2 +set_mempolicy.2 + Piotr Kwapulinski [Christoph Lameter, Michael Kerrisk] + Add MPOL_LOCAL NUMA memory policy documentation + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add mountpoint(1) + +mprotect.2 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: note that pkey_mprotect() is Linux-specific + +nice.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Warn that autogrouping voids the effect of 'nice' in many cases + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: Remove an ancient SVr4 detail on errno values + Michael Kerrisk + Rework discussion of nice() return value and standards conformance + Make the text a little clearer. In particular, clarify that the + raw system call (still) returns 0 on success. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify the range of the nice value, and note that it is clamped + Michael Kerrisk + Add mention of RLIMIT_NICE + Michael Kerrisk + Move discussion of handling the -1 success return to RETURN VALUE + This detail was rather hidden in NOTES. Also, rework the text + a little. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that nice() changes the nice value of the calling *thread* + Michael Kerrisk + Add "C library/kernel differences" subsection heading + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to sched(7) for further details on the nice value + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ubifs supports O_TMPFILE starting with Linux 4.9 + Michael Kerrisk + Document ENOMEM that occurs when opening FIFO because of pipe hard limit + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver + Add cycles field in LBR records + Linux 4.3 added a cycles field to the PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK + last branch records. + Vince Weaver + Update time_shift sample code + Linux 4.3 improved the accuracy of the clock/ns conversion routines. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify the use of signals for capturing overflow events + +pipe.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add ENFILE error for user pipe hard limit reached + +prctl.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Some additional details regarding the PR_GET_UNALIGNED operation + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Note the output buffer size for PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS operation on x32/n32 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove numeric definitions of PR_FP_MODE_FR and PR_FP_MODE_FRE bits + +ptrace.2 + Keno Fischer + Document the behavior of PTRACE_SYSEMU stops + Keno Fischer + Expand documentation PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP traps + In Linux 4.8, the order of PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP and + syscall-entry-stops was reversed. Document both behaviors and + their interaction with the various forms of restart. + +quotactl.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Describe Q_XQUOTASYNC, which is present but no-op in recent kernels + +reboot.2 + Wang Long + Note errors for invalid commands inside a PID namespace + +sched_setattr.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix cross reference for further info on the nice value + The information moved from getpriority(2) to sched(7). + +sched_setscheduler.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Berrange] + Mention SCHED_DEADLINE + Give the reader a clue that there is another policy + available that can't be set via sched_setscheduler(2). + +seccomp.2 + Jann Horn + Document changed interaction with ptrace + Before kernel 4.8, the seccomp check will not be run again + after the tracer is notified. Fixed in kernel 4.9. + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: mention ptrace(PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER) to dump seccomp filters + +set_mempolicy.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Reformat list of modes + +setsid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Improve wording of text on calling setsid() after fork()+_exit() + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sched(7) + List sched(7), because setsid(2) is part of the machinery + of autogrouping. + +sigaction.2 + Dave Hansen + Further documentation of SEGV_PKUERR + +signalfd.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document ssi_addr_lsb field of signalfd_siginfo + +symlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add namei(1) + +sync_file_range.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix description for ESPIPE error + A file descriptor can't refer to a symbolic link. + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add pkey_alloc(), pkey_free(), and pkey_mprotect() + New system calls in Linux 4.9. + Michael Kerrisk + Add ppc_swapcontext(2) + +timer_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM + +timerfd_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME, CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM, and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM + Michael Kerrisk + Document TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET + Michael Kerrisk + Rework discussion on relative and absolute timers + +unlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add unlink(2) + +utime.2 +utimensat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add touch(1) + +wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + On some architectures, waitpid() is a wrapper that calls wait4(). + +atof.3 + Wainer dos Santos Moschetta + SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3) + +ctime.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add ERRORS section + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: describe return values more explicitly + +errno.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko] + Add glibc error text for EILSEQ + +fclose.3 +fflush.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add fileno(2) + +getlogin.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove deprecated _REENTRANT from FTM requirements for getlogin_r() + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add logname(1) + +isalpha.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note circumstances where 'c' must be cast to 'unsigned char' + +killpg.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Move killpg.2 from section to section 3 + +mallopt.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Siddhesh Poyarekar] + Document 0 as default value of M_ARENA_MAX and explain its meaning + Michael Kerrisk + Improve description of M_ARENA_TEST + Michael Kerrisk + Document default value for M_ARENA_TEST + Michael Kerrisk + Note default value of M_PERTURB + +mbsnrtowcs.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko] + Note behavior of mbsnrtowcs() for an incomplete character + Note the behavior of mbsnrtowcs() when an incomplete character + is found at end of the input buffer. + +mbstowcs.3 +wcstombs.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko] + Improve language relating to "initial state" + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=839705 + +mbstowcs.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko] + Add missing include to example program + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=845172 + +mq_close.3 + Michael Kerrisk + DESCRIPTION: add reference to mq_notify(3) + +mq_open.3 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Clarification regarding usage of mq_flags attribute in mq_open() + +mq_receive.3 +mq_send.3 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Clarification regarding reasons behind EBADF + +printf.3 + Wainer dos Santos Moschetta + SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3) + +pthread_attr_init.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pthread_setattr_default_np(3) + +pthread_create.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pthread_setattr_default_np(3) + +ptsname.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that ptsname_r() is proposed for future inclusion in POSIX.1 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO:: clarify that only ptsname() is standardized (so far) + +remainder.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note fix to remainder(nan(""), 0) handling + The bug https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6779 + has been fixed in glibc 2.15. + Michael Kerrisk + Document fixes for EDOM handling for range errors + The bug http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6783 + was fixed in glibc 2.15. + +setjmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + _BSD_SOURCE must be *explicitly* defined to get BSD setjmp() semantics + +strtod.3 + Wainer dos Santos Moschetta + SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3) + +tgamma.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document fixes to give ERANGE for underflow range error + The bug https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6810 + was fixed in glibc 2.19. + +timegm.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add ERRORS section + Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre] + Add RETURN VALUE section + +tmpnam.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Properly document tmpnam_r(3) + +toupper.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note circumstances where 'c' must be cast to 'unsigned char' + +ttyname.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add tty(1) + +console_ioctl.4 + Michael Kerrisk + Add brief descriptive text for KDGKBMODE modes + Miroslav Koskar + Add K_OFF keyboard mode + +random.4 + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to new random(7) page + Michael Kerrisk + Rework formatting of /proc interfaces + Make the information easier to parse by formatting the file + descriptions as hanging lists. No significant content changes. + Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos [Laurent Georget] + Provide a more accurate description of /dev/urandom + This documents the "property" of /dev/urandom of being able to + serve numbers prior to pool being initialized, and removes any + suggested usages of /dev/random which are disputable + (i.e., one-time pad). Document the fact /dev/random is only + suitable for applications which can afford indeterminate delays + since very few applications can do so. Smooth the alarming + language about a theoretical attack, and mention that its + security depends on the cryptographic primitives used by the + kernel, as well as the total entropy gathered. + Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget, Theodore Ts'o] + Improve discussion of /dev/urandom, blocking reads, and signals + The text currently states that O_NONBLOCK has no effect for + /dev/urandom, which is true. It also says that reads from + /dev/urandom are nonblocking. This is at the least confusing. + If one attempts large reads (say 10MB) from /dev/urandom + there is an appreciable delay, and interruption by a signal + handler will result in a short read. Amend the text to + reflect this. + +elf.5 + Mike Frysinger + Add subsection headers at major points + The current pages dumps all the content into one big DESCRIPTION + with no real visual break up between logically independent + sections. Add some subsection headers to make it easier to + read and scan. + Mike Frysinger + Document notes + Document the Elf{32,64}_Nhdr structure, the sections/segments that + contain notes, and how to interpret them. I've been lazy and only + included the GNU extensions here, especially as others are not + defined in the elf.h header file as shipped by glibc. + +filesystems.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add fuse(4) + +proc.5 + Dave Hansen + Describe new ProtectionKey 'smaps' field + Michael Kerrisk + Add example ProtectionKey output for 'smaps' file + Michael Kerrisk + Add pointers to sched(7) for autogroup files + sched(7) describes /proc/sys/kernel/sched_autogroup_enabled + and /proc/PID/autogroup. + Michael Kerrisk + Add /proc/sys/fs/pipe-user-pages-{hard,soft} entries + Michael Kerrisk + Improve description of the KernelPageSize and MMUPageSize 'smaps' fields + Michael Kerrisk + Rework 'smaps' ProtectionKey text and add some details + Michael Kerrisk + Mention lslocks(8) in discussion of /proc/locks + Michael Kerrisk + Describe Shmem field of /proc/meminfo + Michael Kerrisk + Rework 'smaps' VmFlags text, and add kernel version and example output + +proc.5 +pipe.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Move /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size content from proc(5) to pipe(7) + +resolv.conf.5 + Carlos O'Donell [Florian Weimer] + Timeout does not map to resolver API calls + +utmp.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add users(1) + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + CAP_SYS_ADMIN governs ptrace(2) PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER + Michael Kerrisk + CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows privileged ioctl() operations on /dev/random + +cgroups.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add details on 'cpu' CFS bandwidth control + +credentials.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add setpriv(1) + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add shadow(5) + +feature_test_macros.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Zack Weinberg] + Note that _REENTRANT and _THREAD_SAFE are now deprecated + Michael Kerrisk + Note that "cc -pthread" defines _REENTRANT + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note a subtlety of event generation when monitoring a directory + +libc.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a note on why glibc 2.x uses the soname libc.so.6 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a few historical details on Linux libc4 and libc5 + Just for historical interest. Details taken from + http://www.linux-m68k.org/faq/glibcinfo.html. + +mdoc.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a cross-reference to groff_mdoc(7) + +mount_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add user_namespaces(7) + +mount_namespaces.7 +user_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Migrate subsection on mount restrictions to mount_namespaces(7) + This section material in the user_namespaces(7) page was written + before the creation of the mount_namespaces(7) manual page. + Nowadays, this material properly belongs in the newer page. + +netlink.7 + Dmitry V. Levin + Document NETLINK_INET_DIAG rename to NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG + Dmitry V. Levin + Add references to sock_diag(7) + +pid_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to namespaces(7) for information about NS_GET_PARENT + +pipe.7 + Michael Kerrisk, Vegard Nossum [Vegard Nossum] + Document /proc files controlling memory usage by pipes + Document /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size and + /proc/sys/fs/pipe-user-pages-{soft,hard}. + Michael Kerrisk + Document pre-Linux 4.9 bugs in pipe limit checking + +sched.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a new introductory paragraph describing the nice value + Michael Kerrisk + Add more precise details on CFS's treatment of the nice value + Michael Kerrisk + Mention RLIMIT_NICE in the discussion of the nice value + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: mention cgroups CPU controller + Michael Kerrisk + Add introductory sentence mentioning CFS scheduler + Michael Kerrisk + Add nice(2), getpriority(2), and setpriority(2) to API list + Michael Kerrisk + Make it clearer that SCHED_OTHER is always scheduled below real-time + Michael Kerrisk + Give the page a more generic NAME + The page isn't just about APIs. + +standards.7 + Michael Kerrisk + POSIX.1-2016 (POSIX.1-2008 TC2) has now been released + +symlink.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add namei(1) + +uri.7 + Jakub Wilk + Use "example.com" as example domain + +user_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to namespaces(7) for NS_GET_USERNS operation + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to namespaces(7) for NS_GET_PARENT operation + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-4.10 ==================== + +Released: 2017-03-13, Paris + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Adam Martindale <adam.john.martindale@gmail.com> +Alex <psybin@riseup.net> +Anders Thulin <anders@thulin.name> +Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> +Brian Masney <masneyb@onstation.org> +Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com> +David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> +Erik Kline <ekline@gmail.com> +Erik Roland van der Meer <ervdmeer@gmail.com> +Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com> +Fabjan Sukalia <fsukalia@gmail.com> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Helmut Eller <eller.helmut@gmail.com> +Hugo Guiroux <hugo.guiroux@gmail.com> +Ian Jackson <ijackson@chiark.greenend.org.uk> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> +Jan Ziak <0xe2.0x9a.0x9b@gmail.com> +John Wiersba <jrw32982@yahoo.com> +Jon Jensen <jon@endpoint.com> +Kai NODA <nodakai@gmail.com> +KASAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> +Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com> +Kent Fredic <kentfredric@gmail.com> +Krzysztof Kulakowski <krzysztof.kulakowski@intel.com> +Maik Zumstrull <maik@zumstrull.net> +Mat Martineau <mathew.j.martineau@linux.intel.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org> +Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il> +Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> +Nicolas Biscos <nicolas.biscos+man7@gmail.com> +Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com> +Paul Fee <paul.f.fee@gmail.com> +Reverend Homer <mk.43.ecko@gmail.com> +Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> +Sergey Polovko <sergey@polovko.me> +Steven Luo <steven@steven676.net> +Tadeusz Struk <tadeusz.struk@intel.com> +Vincent Bernat <vincent@bernat.im> +Vivenzio Pagliari <vivenzio.pagliari@nokia.com> +Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +add_key.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov, David Howells] + Major improvements and additions + The page has doubled in length. + +ioctl_iflags.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New page describing inode flags and ioctl() operations + +ioctl_ns.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New page created by splitting ioctl(2) operations out of namespaces(7) + +keyctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk, Eugene Syromyatnikov [David Howells, Mat Martineau] + A vast number of additions and improvements + The page has gone from somewhat over 100 lines to well over + 1000 lines and now more or less documents the complete interface + provided by this system call. + +getentropy.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting getentropy(3) + getentropy(3) is added to glibc in version 2.25. + +keyrings.7 + David Howells + New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils + Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces, + it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather + than the keyutils package. + Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov, David Howells] + Very many additions and improvements + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/keys + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/kernel/keys/persistent_keyring_expiry + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/key-users + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/kernel/keys/gc_delay + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc files that define key quotas + +persistent-keyring.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils + Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces, + it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather + than the keyutils package. + Michael Kerrisk + Various clean-ups and additions + +process-keyring.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils + Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces, + it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather + than the keyutils package. + Michael Kerrisk + Various additions and improvements + +request_key.2 + Michael Kerrisk, Eugene Syromyatnikov [David Howells] + Very many additions and improvements + The page is now three times its former length. + +session-keyring.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils + Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces, + it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather + than the keyutils package. + Michael Kerrisk + Various reworking and additions + +signal-safety.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New page created by migrating the signal-safety discussion from + signal(7). Along the way some more details got added. + Michael Kerrisk [KASAKI Motohiro] + Note async-signal-safety problems caused by pthread_atfork() + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=25292 + Michael Kerrisk [KASAKI Motohiro] + Note glibc deviations from POSIX requirements + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=25292 + +thread-keyring.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils + Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces, + it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather + than the keyutils package. + Michael Kerrisk + Various rewordings and additions + +user-keyring.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils + Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces, + it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather + than the keyutils package. + Michael Kerrisk + Various reworking and improvements + +user-session-keyring.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils + Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces, + it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather + than the keyutils package. + Michael Kerrisk + Various rewordings and additions + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +bzero.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document explicit_bzero() (new in glibc 2.25) + Also, reword the description of bzero somewhat. + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/vm/user_reserve_kbytes + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/vm/admin_reserve_kbytes + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/fs/mount-max + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/PID/status 'NoNewPrivs' field + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +explicit_bzero.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to bzero.3 + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +chmod.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/append-only file + +chown.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/append-only file + +chroot.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add switch_root(8) + +clock_getres.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note POSIX.1 requirements re relative time services and CLOCK_REALTIME + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + clone() does not execute fork handlers + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework text describing when effective IDs aren't transformed by execve() + Michael Kerrisk + File capabilities can be ignored for the same reasons as set-UID/set-GID + Michael Kerrisk + The 'no_new_privs' bit inhibits transformations of the effective IDs + +fork.2 + Michael Kerrisk + cgroup PIDs controller may also be trigger for EAGAIN error + +fsync.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add posix_fadvise(2) + +getrandom.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove getentropy(3) details and defer to new getentropy(3) page + Michael Kerrisk + Starting with glibc 2.25, getrandom() is now declared in <sys/random.h> + Michael Kerrisk + glibc support was added in version 2.25 + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document role of RLIMIT_NOFILE for FD passing over UNIX sockets + +getxattr.2 +listxattr.2 + Andreas Gruenbacher + Document E2BIG errors + +inotify_add_watch.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note "inode" as a synonym for "filesystem object" + Consistent with clarifications just made in inotify(7). + +ioctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ioctl_ns(2), ioctl_iflags(2) + +ioctl_fat.2 + Brian Masney + Correctly reference volume ID instead of volume label + +kcmp.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention the clone(2) flags relating to various kcmp() 'type' values + Michael Kerrisk + KCMP_FILE: note reasons why FDs may refer to same open file description + +link.2 + Michael Kerrisk + When using linkat() AT_EMPTY_PATH, 'olddirfd' must not be a directory + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EPERM for immutable/append-only files + Michael Kerrisk + Note limits where EMLINK is encountered on ext4 and Btrfs + +listxattr.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Eliminate extra E2BIG error text + Andreas' patch added a second description of E2BIG that + was (mostly) more detailed than the existing text. Combine + the two texts. + +lseek.2 + Michael Kerrisk + O_APPEND overrides the effect of lseek() when doing file writes + Michael Kerrisk + Remove ancient info about whence values and return values on old systems + Michael Kerrisk + Remove slightly bogus advice about race conditions + The page already (by now) contains a reference to open(2) + for a discussion of open file descriptions. Leave it at that, + since the reader can then deduce how things work. + +madvise.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that madvise() is generally about improving performance + +mbind.2 + Krzysztof Kulakowski [Michael Kerrisk] + Update MPOL_BIND description + The behavior of MPOL_BIND changed in Linux 2.6.26. + +mincore.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add madvise(2), posix_fadvise(2), posix_madvise(3) + +mlock.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note pre-4.9 bug in RLIMIT_MEMLOCK accounting for overlapping locks + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add mincore(2) + +mmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk + mincore(2) can be used to discover which pages of a mapping are resident + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley] + Refer to mount_namespaces(7) for details of default propagation type + +nanosleep.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe "creeping sleep" problem + nanosleep() has a problem if used in a program that catches + signals and those signals are delivered at a very high rate. + Describe the problem, and note that clock_nanosleep(2) + provides a solution. + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: explicitly note that the Linux 2.4 bug was fixed in Linux 2.6 + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Make it clear that O_APPEND implies atomicity + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify distinction between file creation flags and file status flags + Michael Kerrisk + Note ambiguity of ELOOP error when using O_NOFOLLOW + Michael Kerrisk + Restructure O_NOFOLLOW text for easier parsing + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that O_NOFOLLOW is now in POSIX + +poll.2 +select.2 + Nicolas Biscos + Add a reference to the sigset discussion in sigprocmask(2) + A little while back, I added a note to sigprocmask.2 that + discussed the difference between the libc's and the kernel's + sigset_t structures. I added that note, because I saw this being + done wrong in a tool tracing system calls (causing subtle bugs). + As it turns out, the same bugs existed for ppoll and pselect, for + the same reason. I'm hoping by adding the reference here, future + writers of similar tools will find that discussion and not make + the same mistake. + +posix_fadvise.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches + It may be helpful for the reader of this page to know about + /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches. + Michael Kerrisk + Reorganize some text + Details for various flags were hidden under NOTES. + Move them to DESCRIPTION, to make the details more + obvious. + Michael Kerrisk + One can use open(2) + mmap(2) + mincore(2) as a 'fincore' + Note that open(2) + mmap(2) + mincore(2) can be used to get a view + of which pages of a file are currently cached. + Michael Kerrisk [Maik Zumstrull] + Note that POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED *may* try to write back dirty pages + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: mincore(2) + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that the ambient capability set is per-thread + Keno Fischer + Be more precise in what causes dumpable to reset + Michael Kerrisk + The no_new_privs setting is per-thread (not per-process) + Michael Kerrisk + Mention /proc/PID/status 'NoNewPrivs' field + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to seccomp(2) in discussion of PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS + +ptrace.2 + Omar Sandoval + Clarify description of PTRACE_O_EXITKILL + +read.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Kai NODA] + Rework text in DESCRIPTION that talks about limits for 'count' + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86061 + Michael Kerrisk [Steven Luo] + Remove crufty text about EINTR and partial read + Remove bogus text saying that POSIX permits partial read + to return -1/EINTR on interrupt by a signal handler. + That statement already ceased to be true in SUSv1 (1995)! + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=193111 + +readv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove generic advice about mixing stdio and syscalls on same file + There is nothing specific to readv()/writev() about this advice. + +recv.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Bernat] + Remove duplicate paragraph + man-pages-1.34 included changes that duplicated an existing + paragraph. Remove that duplicate. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ip(7), ipv6(7), tcp(7), udp(7), unix(7) + +remap_file_pages.2 + Michael Kerrisk + remap_file_pages() has been replaced by a slower in-kernel emulation + +send.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ipv6(7), socket(7), unix(7) + +setxattr.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EPERM for immutable/append-only files + +signalfd.2 + Michael Kerrisk + signalfd() doesn't play well with helper programs spawned by libraries + See https://lwn.net/Articles/415684/. + Michael Kerrisk + signalfd can't be used to receive synchronously generated signals + Signals such as the SIGSEGV that results from an invalid + memory access can be caught only with a handler. + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + EXAMPLE: extend program to also show ID of the containing device + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: mention fstatat() AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT in discussion of automounting + +statfs.2 + Namhyung Kim + Add more filesystem types + Add missing magic numbers from /usr/include/linux/magic.h + +syscall.2 + Mike Frysinger + Add endian details with 64-bit splitting + Architectures that split 64-bit values across register pairs + usually do so according to their C ABI calling convention (which + means endianness). Add some notes to that effect, and change the + readahead example to show a little endian example (since that is + way more common than big endian). + + Also start a new list of syscalls that this issue does not apply + to. + Mike Frysinger + Note parisc handling of aligned register pairs + While parisc would normally have the same behavior as ARM/PowerPC, + they decide to write shim syscall stubs to unpack/realign rather + than expose the padding to userspace. + +tkill.2 + Jann Horn + Document EAGAIN error for real-time signals + +truncate.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note use of ftruncate() for POSIX shared memory objects + +unlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/read-only files + +vfork.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Explain why the child should not call exit(3) + Michael Kerrisk + Another reason to use vfork() is to avoid overcommitting memory + Michael Kerrisk + Note some caveats re the use of vfork() + Inspired by Rich Felker's post at http://ewontfix.com/7/. + See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14749 and + See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14750. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add _exit(2) + +write.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Kai NODA] + Alert the reader that there is a limit on 'count' + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86061 + +aio_suspend.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that the glibc implementation is not async-signal-safe + See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13172 + +backtrace.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add addr2line(1) and gdb(1) + +bcmp.3 +bcopy.3 +bzero.3 +memccpy.3 +memchr.3 +memcmp.3 +memcpy.3 +memfrob.3 +memmem.3 +memmove.3 +memset.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add bstring(3) + +exec.3 + Michael Kerrisk + execl() and execle() were not async-signal-safe before glibc 2.24 + +fopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Helmut Eller] + Describe freopen() behavior for NULL pathname argument + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=191261 + Michael Kerrisk + Note the open(2) flags that correspond to the 'mode' argument + Michael Kerrisk + Change argument name: 'path' to 'pathname' + For consistency with open(2). + Michael Kerrisk + Add subsection headings for each function + +fts.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Use better argument name for fts_children() and fts_set() + Michael Kerrisk + Fix minor error in FTSENT structure definition + Michael Kerrisk + Improve explanation of 'fts_errno' + Michael Kerrisk + Give a hint that there are further fields in the FTSENT structure + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify meaning of zero as 'instr' value for fts_set() + +ftw.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Correctly handle use of stat info for FTW_NS in example program + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that stat buffer is undefined for FTW_NS + +getline.3 + Michael Kerrisk + EXAMPLE: better error handling + Michael Kerrisk [Kent Fredic] + EXAMPLE: handle null bytes in input + Jann Horn + Document ENOMEM error case + see the error handling in libio/iogetdelim.c + Michael Kerrisk + EXAMPLE: specify file to be opened as command-line argument + Michael Kerrisk + Use better variable name in example program + +getmntent.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Anders Thulin] + Prefer '\\' as the escape to get a backslash + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=191611 + +getopt.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Reword discussion of error handling and reporting + The existing description was hard to understand. Break + it into a bullet list that separates out the details + in a manner that is easier to parse. + Michael Kerrisk + Correct details of use of <stdio.h> to get getopt() declaration + Michael Kerrisk [John Wiersba] + Remove some redundant text + +mq_open.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Adam Martindale] + Include definition of the 'mq_attr' structure in this man page + Make the reader's life a little easier by saving them from + having to refer to mq_getattr(3). + +mq_send.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Adam Martindale] + Refer to mq_overview(7) for details on range of message priority + +__ppc_set_ppr_med.3 + Wainer dos Santos Moschetta + Note need for _ARCH_PWR8 macro + The _ARCH_PWR8 macro must be defined to get the + __ppc_set_ppr_very_low() and __ppc_set_ppr_med_high() + definitions. + +printf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document nonstandard 'Z' modifier + Michael Kerrisk + Document 'q' length modifier + Michael Kerrisk [Erik Roland van der Meer] + Fix a small bug in example code + Move the second call to va_end(ap) to above the if-block that + precedes it, so that the va_list 'ap' will be cleaned up in + all cases. + Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El] + As a nonstandard extension, GNU treats 'll' and 'L' as synonyms + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=190341. + Michael Kerrisk + Add references to setlocale(3) in discussions of locales + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: remove bogus self reference (dprintf(3)) + +random.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate information of "optimal" value of initstate() 'n' argument + The information was a bit hidden in NOTES. + +random_r.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jan Ziak] + 'buf.state' must be initialized to NULL before calling initstate_r() + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=192801. + Michael Kerrisk + Add some usage notes for setstate_r() + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'buf' records a pointer to 'statebuf' + See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=3662. + Michael Kerrisk + Add BUGS section pointing out the weirdness of the initstate_r() API + +resolver.3 + Michael Kerrisk + RES_AAONLY, RES_PRIMARY, RES_NOCHECKNAME, RES_KEEPTSIG are deprecated + These options were never implemented; since glibc 2.25, they + are deprecated. + Michael Kerrisk + The RES_NOIP6DOTINT is removed in glibc 2.25 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that RES_BLAST was unimplemented and is now deprecated + Michael Kerrisk + RES_USE_INET6 is deprecated since glibc 2.25 + Michael Kerrisk + RES_USEBSTRING was removed in glibc 2.25 + +resolver.3 +resolv.conf.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that RES_USEBSTRING defaults to off + +scandir.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Ian Jackson] + Fix errors in example program + See http://bugs.debian.org/848231. + Michael Kerrisk + Improve logic of the example program + +scanf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document the quote (') modifier for decimal conversions + +sem_post.3 +setjmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add signal-safety(7) + +sem_wait.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Fabjan Sukalia] + Remove statement that SA_RESTART does not cause restarting + This has not been true since Linux 2.6.22. The description + of EINTR maintains a reference to signal(7), which explains + the historical details. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=192071 + +sleep.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysiner] + Note that sleep() is implemented via nanosleep(2) + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73371. + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] + Note that sleep() sleeps for a real-time number of seconds + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73371. + Michael Kerrisk + Convert BUGS text to "Portability notes" subsection + The existing text is not a bug, as such. + Michael Kerrisk + DESCRIPTION: minor reworking + +strerror.3 + Heinrich Schuchardt + Indicate reasonable buffer size for strerror_r() and strerror_l() + Add a hint which buffer size is needed for + strerror_r() and strerror_l(). + +strverscmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Vivenzio Pagliari] + Fix comparison error in example program + +system.3 + Michael Kerrisk + In the glibc implementation, fork handlers are not executed by system() + +random.4 + Michael Kerrisk [Jon Jensen] + Note that entropy_avail will be a number in the range 0..4096 + +core.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that dumping program's initial CWD is root directory + Michael Kerrisk + The target of core dump piping can also be a script + +filesystems.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add btrfs(5), nfs(5), tmpfs(5) + +intro.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document the reality that by now Section 5 also covers filesystems + There are by now, from various filesystem projects, various + pages in Section 5 that document different filesystems. + Change intro(5) to reflect that. + + Documented after following: http://bugs.debian.org/847998 + +proc.5 + Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk] + Clarify /proc/pid/environ behavior + /proc/pid/environ reflects process environment at + *start* of program execution; it is set at time of execve(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to slabinfo(5) in discussion of /proc/meminfo 'Slab' field + Michael Kerrisk + Add entries for "keys" files that refer reader to keyrings(7) + Michael Kerrisk + Remove duplicate /proc/[pid]/seccomp entry + Michael Kerrisk + Mention other system calls that create 'anon_inode' file descriptors + Mention a few other system calls that create file descriptors + that display an 'anon_inode' symlink in /proc/PID/fd + Michael Kerrisk + Add some detail on overcommit_memory value 1 + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to vdso(7) in discussion of /proc/PID/maps + +resolv.conf.5 + Michael Kerrisk + ip6-bytestring was removed in glibc 2.25 + Michael Kerrisk + The ipc-dotint and no-ip6-dotint options were removed in glibc 2.25 + Michael Kerrisk + The 'inet6' option is deprecated since glibc 2.25 + +slabinfo.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add slabtop(1) + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Casey Schaufler] + Add subsection with notes to kernel developers + Provide some notes to kernel developers considering how to choose + which capability should govern a new kernel feature. + Michael Kerrisk + Further enhance the recommendation against new uses of CAP_SYS_ADMIN + Michael Kerrisk + Explicitly point from CAP_SYS_ADMIN to "Notes for kernel developers" + Michael Kerrisk + Add another case for CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to execve(2) for the reasons that file capabilities may be ignored + Michael Kerrisk + Document a new use of CAP_SYS_RESOURCE + Michael Kerrisk + Add some more operations governed by CAP_SYS_ADMIN + Michael Kerrisk + Adjust references to chattr(1) to point to ioctl_iflags(2) + +environ.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention prctl(2) PR_SET_MM_ENV_START and PR_SET_MM_ENV_END operations + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Point out that inotify monitoring is inode based + +ip.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ip(8) + +man.7 +uri.7 + Jakub Wilk + Use "www.kernel.org" in example URLs + Apparently www.kernelnotes.org is now a spam site. + +mount_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley] + Rework the discussion of defaults for mount propagation types + Add rather more detail. In particular, note the cases where the + default propagation type is MS_PRIVATE vs MS_SHARED. + +namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + EXAMPLE: fix an error in shell session + Michael Kerrisk + EXAMPLE: rename the example program + Use a more generic name, since this program may be expanded + in various ways in the future. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ip-netns(8) + Michael Kerrisk + Remove content split out into ioctl_ns(2) + +netlink.7 + Michael Kerrisk + NETLINK_IP6_FW went away in Linux 3.5 + Michael Kerrisk + NETLINK_W1 went away in Linux 2.6.18 + Michael Kerrisk + Add NETLINK_SCSITRANSPORT to list + Michael Kerrisk + Add NETLINK_RDMA to list + Michael Kerrisk + NETLINK_FIREWALL was removed in Linux 3.5 + Michael Kerrisk + NETLINK_NFLOG was removed in Linux 3.17 + Jakub Wilk + Update libnl homepage URL + The original URL is 404. + +pid_namespaces.7 +user_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Adjust references to namespaces(7) to ioctl_ns(2) + +pid_namespaces.7 + Keno Fischer + CLONE_SIGHAND|CLONE_VM|CLONE_NEWPID is no longer disallowed + +pipe.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Since Linux 4.9, pipe-max-size is ceiling for the default pipe capacity + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that default pipe capacity is 16 pages + The statement that the default pipe capacity is 65536 bytes + is accurate only on systems where the page size is 4096B. + See the use of PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS in the kernel source. + +random.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention getentropy(3) + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add getentropy(3) + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add getauxval(3) + A small hint to the reader that some random bytes arrive + in the auxiliary vector. + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SIGSYS: add reference to seccomp(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Change description of SIGSYS to "Bad system call" + This is the more typical definition. + Michael Kerrisk + SIGPIPE: add reference to pipe(7) + Michael Kerrisk + SIGXFSZ: add reference to setrlimit(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Add a name for SIGEMT + Michael Kerrisk + SIGXCPU: add reference to setrlimit(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Migrated signal-safety discussion to new signal-safety(7) page + +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Sergey Polovko] + Since Linux 3.4, UNIX domain sockets support MSG_TRUNC + This was correctly noted in recv(2), but the unix(7) page + was not correspondingly updated for the Linux 3.4 change. + Michael Kerrisk [Willy Tarreau] + Document ETOOMANYREFS for SCM_RIGHTS send exceeding RLIMIT_NOFILE limit + +user_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Change page cross reference: keyctl(2) ==> keyrings(7) + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + LD_BIND_NOT has effect only for function symbols + Michael Kerrisk + Describe use of LD_DEBUG with LD_BIND_NOT + Michael Kerrisk + In secure mode, LD_AUDIT restricts the libraries that it will load + Michael Kerrisk + LD_AUDIT understands $ORIGIN, $LIB, and $PLATFORM + + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-4.11 ==================== + +Released: 2017-05-03, Baden, Switzerland + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alexander Alemayhu <alexander@alemayhu.com> +Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de> +Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> +Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca> +Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net> +Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> +Ben Dog <wsy2220@gmail.com> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Chema Gonzalez <chema@google.com> +Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com> +Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz> +David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> +Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +Francois Saint-Jacques <fsaintjacques@gmail.com> +Frank Theile +Georg Sauthoff <mail@georg.so> +Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jan Heberer <jangc@t-online.de> +Marcin Ślusarz <marcin.slusarz@gmail.com> +Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com> +Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Nicolas Biscos <nicolas.biscos+man7@gmail.com> +Nicolas Iooss <Nicolas.Iooss@ssi.gouv.fr> +Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com> +Nominal Animal <question@nominal-animal.net> +Silvan Jegen <s.jegen@gmail.com> +Stephan Bergmann <sbergman@redhat.com> +Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de> +Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com> +丁贵强<dingguiqiang@foxmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +ioctl_userfaultfd.2 + Michael Kerrisk, Mike Rapoport + New page describing ioctl(2) operations for userfaultfd + +statx.2 + David Howells, Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Dilger] + New page describing statx(2) system call added in Linux 4.11 + +userfaultfd.2 + Mike Rapoport, Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Arcangeli] + New page describing userfaultfd(2) system call. + +pthread_atfork.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page describing pthread_atfork(3) + +slabinfo.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite to try to bring the content close to current reality + There's still gaps to fill in, but the existing page + was in any case hugely out of date. + +inode.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New page with information about inodes + David Howells provided a statx(2) page that duplicated much of + the information from stat(2). Avoid such duplication + by moving the common information in stat(2) and statx(2) + to a new page. + + +Renamed pages +-------------- + +ioctl_console.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Renamed from console_ioctl.4 + Most ioctl() man pages are in section 2, so move this one there + for consistency. + Michael Kerrisk + Note type of 'argp' for a various operations + For some commands, there was no clear statement about the type + of the 'argp' argument. + +ioctl_tty.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Renamed from tty_ioctl(4) + All other ioctl(2) pages are in section 2. Make this + page consistent. + Michael Kerrisk + Packet mode state change events give POLLPRI events for poll(2) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +ioctl_ns.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document the NS_GET_NSTYPE operation added in Linux 4.11 + Michael Kerrisk + Document the NS_GET_OWNER_UID operation added in Linux 4.11 + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/kernel/sched_child_runs_first + +namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document the /proc/sys/user/* files added in Linux 4.9 + +socket.7 + Francois Saint-Jacques, Michael Kerrisk + Document SO_INCOMING_CPU + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +console_ioctl.4 + Michael Kerrisk + Link for old name of ioctl_console(2) page + +tty_ioctl.4 + Michael Kerrisk + Link for old name of ioctl_tty(2) page + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Change page cross-references from tty_ioctl(4) to ioctl_tty(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Change page cross-references for console_ioctl(4) to ioctl_console(2) + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +alarm.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add timer_create(2) and timerfd_create(2) + +chmod.2 +fsync.2 +mkdir.2 +mknod.2 +open.2 +truncate.2 +umask.2 +utime.2 +utimensat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add/replace references to inode(7) + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + CLONE_NEWCGROUP by an unprivileged process also causes an EPERM error + +clone.2 +unshare.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Exceeding one of the limits in /proc/sys/user/* can cause ENOSPC + Michael Kerrisk + CLONE_NEWPID yields ENOSPC if nesting limit of PID namespaces is reached + Michael Kerrisk + Exceeding the maximum nested user namespace limit now gives ENOSPC + Formerly, if the limit of 32 nested user namespaces was exceeded, + the error EUSERS resulted. Starting with Linux 4.9, the error + is ENOSPC. + +epoll_ctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Defer to poll(2) for an explanation of EPOLLIN + Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos] + EPOLLERR is also set on write end of a pipe when the read end is closed + Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos] + Give the reader a clue that the 'events' field can be zero + 'events' specified as zero still allows EPOLLHUP and + EPOLLERR to be reported. + +_exit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + On exit, child processes may be inherited by a "subreaper" + It is no longer necessarily true that orphaned processes + are inherited by PID 1. + Michael Kerrisk + Only the least significant byte of exit status is passed to the parent + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention memfd_create() in the discussion of file seals + Give the reader a clue about what kinds of objects can + be employed with file seals. + Michael Kerrisk + File seals are not generally applicable to tmpfs(5) files + As far as I can see, file seals can be applied only to + memfd_create(2) file descriptors. This was checked by experiment + and by reading mm/shmem.c::shmem_get_inode((), where one finds + the following line that applies to all new shmem files: + + info->seals = F_SEAL_SEAL; + + Only in the code of the memfd_create() system call is this + setting reversed (in mm/shmem.c::memfd_create): + + if (flags & MFD_ALLOW_SEALING) + info->seals &= ~F_SEAL_SEAL; + +fork.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pthread_atfork(3) + +getdents.2 +open.2 +stat.2 +statx.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add inode(7) + +getdtablesize.2 +attr.5 + Alexander Miller + Move .so directive to first line + Improves compatibility with the man and other dumb tools + that process man page files. + +getpid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention init(1) and "subreapers" in discussion of parent PID + +ioctl_list.2 + Cyril Hrubis [Arnd Bergmann] + BLKRASET/BLKRAGET take unsigned long + +ioctl_ns.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: document ENOTTY + +kexec_load.2 +sched_setaffinity.2 +bootparam.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt is now in Documentation/admin-guide/ + +lseek.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add fallocate(2) + Both of these pages discuss file holes. + +mincore.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add fincore(1) + +mmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove ancient reference to flags that appear on some other systems + MAP_AUTOGROW, MAP_AUTORESRV, MAP_COPY, and MAP_LOCAL may have + appeared on some systems many years ago, but the discussion here + mentions no details and the systems and flags probably ceased to + be relevant long ago. So, remove this text. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add userfaultfd(2) + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add statx() to list of "at" calls in rationale discussion + +poll.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Expand discussion of POLLPRI + Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos] + POLLERR is also set on write end of a pipe when the read end is closed + +posix_fadvise.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add fincore(1) + +prctl.2 + Mike Frysinger + PR_SET_MM: Refine CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE requirement + The Linux 3.10 release dropped the c/r requirement and opened it + up to all users. + Mike Frysinger + PR_SET_MM: Document new PR_SET_MM_MAP{,_SIZE} helpers + Mike Frysinger + PR_SET_MM: Document arg4/arg5 zero behavior + The kernel will immediately reject calls where arg4/arg5 are not + zero. See kernel/sys.c:prctl_set_mm(). + Michael Kerrisk + Explain rationale for use of subreaper processes + Michael Kerrisk + Note semantics of child_subreaper setting on fork() and exec() + Michael Kerrisk + Improve description of PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER + +rename.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Georg Sauthoff] + Note that there is no glibc wrapper for renameat2() + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add get_nprocs(3) + +select.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Matthew Wilcox, Carlos O'Donell] + Linux select() is buggy wrt POSIX in its check for EBADF errors + Michael Kerrisk + Show correspondence between select() and poll() readiness notifications + Michael Kerrisk + Give a hint that sets must be reinitialized if using select() in a loop + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to POLLPRI in poll(2) for info on exceptional conditions + Michael Kerrisk + Move mislocated text describing the self-pipe text from BUGS to NOTES + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Show the prototype of an SA_SIGINFO signal handler + +signalfd.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SIGKILL and SIGSTOP are silently ignored in 'mask' + +sigprocmask.2 + Dmitry V. Levin + Do not specify an exact value of rt_sigprocmask's 4th argument + As sizeof(kernel_sigset_t) is not the same for all architectures, + it would be better not to mention any numbers as its value. + Michael Kerrisk + 'set' and 'oldset' can both be NULL + +sigwaitinfo.2 + Michael Kerrisk + sigwaitinfo() can't be used to accept synchronous signals + +socketcall.2 + Mike Frysinger + Document call argument + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove information migrated to inode(7) page + Michael Kerrisk + Restructure field descriptions as a hanging list + Michael Kerrisk + Remove "Other systems" subsection + These details about other systems were added in 1999, + and were probably of limited use then, and even less today. + However, they do clutter the page, so remove them. + Michael Kerrisk + DESCRIPTION: add list entries for 'st_uid' and 'st_gid' + Michael Kerrisk + Add some subsection headings to ease readability + David Howells + ERRORS: correct description of ENOENT + Michael Kerrisk + Give 'struct stat' argument a more meaningful name ('statbuf') + Marcin Ślusarz + Tweak description of AT_EMPTY_PATH + Currently it says when dirfd is AT_FDCWD it can be something + other than directory, which doesn't make much sense. Just swap + the order of sentences. + Michael Kerrisk + Add slightly expanded description of 'st_ino' field + Michael Kerrisk + DESCRIPTION: add a list entry for 'st_ino' + Michael Kerrisk + DESCRIPTION: add a list entry for 'st_nlinks' field + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add membarrier(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Fix kernel version for userfaultfd(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Linux 4.11 added statx() + Michael Kerrisk + Include deprecated getunwind(2) in list + +wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Orphaned children may be adopted by a "subreaper", rather by than PD 1 + +bzero.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Zack Weinberg] + Add correct header file for explicit_bzero() + +cfree.3 + Michael Kerrisk + cfree() is removed from glibc in version 2.26 + +exit.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Improve discussion of zombie processes + +getentropy.3 + Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos [Michael Kerrisk, Florian Weimer] + Correct header file + Michael Kerrisk [Frank Theile] + SYNOPSIS: add missing return type for getentropy() declaration + +grantpt.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Tell a more nuanced story about what grantpt() does or does not do + +insque.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add queue(3) + +queue.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add insque(3) + +shm_open.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that POSIX shared memory uses tmpfs(5) + +syslog.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Ian Abbott, Walter Harms] + Reorganize page text for easier parsing and better readability + Michael Kerrisk + Various rewordings and improvements + Michael Kerrisk + Note default value for 'facility' when calling openlog() + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add journalctl(1) + +ttyname.3 + Dmitry V. Levin + Document ENODEV error code + Christian Brauner + NOTES: warn about a confusing case that may occur with mount namespaces + +wcsdup.3 + Jan Heberer + RETURN VALUE: fix error in return value description + Return value for failure was accidentally changed from NULL to + -1 in man-pages commit 572acb41c48b6b8e690d50edff367d8b8b01702a. + +elf.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add elfedit(1), nm(1), size(1), strings(1), and strip(1) + +nsswitch.conf.5 + Florian Weimer + Mention sudoers + It turns out that sudo drops things into nsswitch.conf, too. + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to namespaces(7) for discussion of /proc/sys/user/* files + Michael Kerrisk + Simplify /proc/slabinfo entry + Don't repeat (out-of-date) info from slabinfo(5); just defer to + that page. + +tmpfs.5 + Michael Kerrisk + tmpfs supports extended attributes, but not 'user' extended attributes + +environ.7 + Jakub Wilk + Fix name of function that honors TMPDIR + tempnam() takes the TMPDIR environment variable into account, unlike + tmpnam(), which always creates pathnames within /tmp. + +hostname.7 + Marko Myllynen + Use lower case for hostname example + Marko Myllynen + Use generic names in examples + Marko Myllynen + Describe accepted characters for hostname + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Iooss] + Mounting a filesystem on top of a monitored directory causes no event + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note preferred approach for 'duplicate' errors + +pid_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + The maximum nesting depth for PID namespaces is 32 + +user_namespaces.7 + Stephan Bergmann + Fixes to example + While toying around with the userns_child_exec example program on the + user_namespaces(7) man page, I noticed two things: + + * In the EXAMPLE section, we need to mount the new /proc before + looking at /proc/$$/status, otherwise the latter will print + information about the outer namespace's PID 1 (i.e., the real + init). So the two paragraphs need to be swapped. + + * In the program source, make sure to close pipe_fd[0] in the + child before exec'ing. + +pthreads.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np(3) + +pty.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention a couple of other applications of pseudoterminals + +sem_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add shm_overview(7) + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sigreturn(2) + +tcp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note indications for OOB data given by select(2) and poll(2) + Chema Gonzalez + tcp_abc was removed in 3.9 + +xattr.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ioctl_iflags(2) + People sometimes confuse xattrs and inode flags. Provide a link + to the page that describes inode flags to give them a tip. + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention quoting when using "Rpath tokens" in LD_AUDIT and LD_PRELOAD + Michael Kerrisk + Expand description of /etc/ld.so.preload + Michael Kerrisk + Mention ldconfig(8) in discussion of /etc/ld.so.cache + +zdump.8 + Jakub Wilk + Add OPTIONS section heading + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-4.12 ==================== + +Released: 2017-07-13, London + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com> +Andi Kleen <andi-bz@firstfloor.org> +Arjun Shankar <arjun.is@lostca.se> +Brad Bendily <bendily@gmail.com> +Cameron Wright <wright18@uw.edu> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> +David Lewis <davlewi3@cisco.com> +DJ Delorie <dj@delorie.com> +Douglas Caetano dos Santos <douglascs@taghos.com.br> +Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org> +Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> +Ferdinand Thiessen <f.thiessen@gmx.de> +G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Henry Bent <henry.r.bent@gmail.com> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Janne Snabb <snabb@epipe.com> +Joe Brown <joe.brown.89@outlook.com> +Jorge Nerin <jnerin@gmail.com> +Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com> +lilydjwg <lilydjwg@gmail.com> +Long Wang <w@laoqinren.net> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org> +Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il> +NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com> +Pavel Tikhomirov <ptikhomirov@virtuozzo.com> +Quentin Rameau <quinq@fifth.space> +Ruben Kerkhof <ruben@rubenkerkhof.com> +sulit <sulitsrc@foxmail.com> +石井大貴 <hiroki.ishii@miraclelinux.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +ioctl_getfsmap.2 + Darrick J. Wong + Document the GETFSMAP ioctl + Document the new GETFSMAP ioctl that returns the physical layout of a + (disk-based) filesystem. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +namespaces.7 + Kirill Tkhai [Michael Kerrisk] + Document the /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children file + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +ldd.1 + Michael Kerrisk + 'objdump -p prog | grep NEEDED' doesn't give quite same info as 'ldd' + +chmod.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Put fchmod() feature test macro requirements in a more readable format + Michael Kerrisk + Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirements changes for fchmod() + +chown.2 + Michael Kerrisk + When file owner or group is changed, file capabilities are cleared + Michael Kerrisk + Changes to file owner by root also clear set-UID and set-GID bits + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update BUGS to reflect fact that PID caching was removed in glibc 2.25 + +epoll_wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify semantics of returned 'data' field + The returned 'data' is the 'data' most recently set via + epoll_ctl(). + +get_mempolicy.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El, Andi Kleen] + SYNOPSIS: fix return type of get_mempolicy() + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97051 + +getpid.2 + Carlos O'Donell, Michael Kerrisk + Note that PID caching is removed as of glibc 2.25 + Since glibc 2.25 the PID cache is removed. + + Rationale given in the release notes: + https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Release/2.25#pid_cache_removal + +ioctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ioctl_getfsmap(2) + +ioctl_getfsmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix ordering of sections + Michael Kerrisk + Add VERSIONS section + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: order alphabetically + +madvise.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove bogus text re POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE + There is a POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE for posix_fadvise(), + but no POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE for any API in POSIX. + +membarrier.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add ENOSYS error for 'nohz_full' CPU setting + +mount.2 + NeilBrown + Revise description of MS_REMOUNT | MS_BIND + MS_REMOUNT|MS_BIND affects all per-mount-point + flag. MS_RDONLY is only special because it, + uniquely, is both a per-mount-point flag *and* a + per-filesystem flag. + + So the sections of per-mount-point flags and + MS_REMOUNT can usefully be clarified. + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note some further advantages of the *at() APIs + +pipe.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add tee(2) and vmsplice(2) + +readv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + glibc 2.26 adds library support for preadv2() and pwritev2() + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention cpuset cgroups as a cause of EINVAL error + +seccomp.2 + Mike Frysinger + Expand SECCOMP_RET_KILL documentation + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note feature test macro requirements for 'si_code' constants + Michael Kerrisk + Add a subheading for the description of 'si_code' + Michael Kerrisk + TRAP_BRANCH and TRAP_HWBKPT are present only on IA64 + +sigaltstack.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that specifying SS_ONSTACK in ss.ss_flags decreases portability + In the Illumos source (which presumably mirrors its Solaris + ancestry), there is this check in the sigaltstack() + implementation: + + if (ss.ss_flags & ~SS_DISABLE) + return (set_errno(EINVAL)); + + And in the FreeBSD source we find similar: + + if ((ss->ss_flags & ~SS_DISABLE) != 0) + return (EINVAL); + Michael Kerrisk + Note buggy addition of ss.ss_flags==SS_ONSTACK + Note buggy addition of ss.ss_flags==SS_ONSTACK as a synonym + for ss_flags==0. No other implementation does this, AFAIK. + And it was not needed :-(. + Michael Kerrisk + Specifying 'ss' returns the current settings without changing them + Michael Kerrisk + Give 'oss' argument a more meaningful name: 'old_ss' + Michael Kerrisk + Some minor reworking of the text + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: update description of EINVAL error + +splice.2 +tee.2 +vmsplice.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pipe(7) + +splice.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: split EINVAL error cases + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EINVAL for case where both descriptors refer to same pipe + +timer_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document the CONFIG_POSIX_TIMERS option added in Linux 4.10 + +wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note glibc 2.26 changes to feature test macro requirements for waitid() + +acosh.3 +asinh.3 +atanh.3 + Alex Henrie + Remove C89 designation. + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196319 + +bsd_signal.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note feature test macro requirements changes for glibc 2.26 + +dl_iterate_phdr.3 + Michael Kerrisk + dl_iterate_phdr() shows the order in which objects were loaded + dl_iterate_phdr() tells us not just which objects are + loaded, but also the order in which they are loaded + (the "link-map order"). Since the order is relevant for + understanding symbol resolution, give the reader this clue. + Michael Kerrisk + Expand the code example, and show sample output + Michael Kerrisk + List values for the 'p_type' field + +dlsym.3 + Michael Kerrisk + _GNU_SOURCE is needed to get RTLD_DEFAULT and RTLD_NEXT definitions + +flockfile.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes + +fpathconf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework RETURN VALUE description to add more detail + Michael Kerrisk + Add an errors section + Michael Kerrisk + Largely rewrite the description of _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite description of _PC_PIPE_BUF + The existing description was not accurate, and lacked details. + +ftw.3 + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: document a probable glibc regression in FTW_SLN case + See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1422736 + and http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1121. + +getaddrinfo.3 + Quentin Rameau + Fix _POSIX_C_SOURCE value for getaddrinfo() + The correct _POSIX_C_SOURCE value is 200112L, not 201112L in features.h. + +getcontext.3 + Carlos O'Donell + Exemplar structure should use 'ucontext_t'. + +getgrent.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note glibc 2.22 changes for feature test macro requirements + +grantpt.3 +ptsname.3 +unlockpt.3 + Ferdinand Thiessen [Michael Kerrisk] + Update feature test macro-requirements for glibc 2.24 + +if_nametoindex.3 + Douglas Caetano dos Santos + Add ENODEV error for if_nametoindex() + +malloc.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document the reallocarray() added in glibc 2.26 + +nl_langinfo.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note feature test macro requirements for nl_langinfo_l() + +posix_madvise.3 + Dr. Tobias Quathamer + Remove paragraph about POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE + POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE is documented for posix_fadvise, and a + corresponding POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE flag is not specified by POSIX. + See https://bugs.debian.org/865699 + +ptsname.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Arjun Shankar] + Since glibc 2.26, ptsname_r() no longer gives EINVAL for buf==NULL + +rand.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes for rand_r() + +resolver.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add basic notes on 'op' argument of res_nmkquery() and res_mkquery() + +sigpause.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note glibc 2.26 changes to feature test macro requirements + +sigwait.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note glibc 2.26 feature test macro changes + +strtol.3 + Heinrich Schuchardt + Mention 0X prefix + The prefix 0x may be capitalized as 0X. + + See ISO/IEC 9899:1999. + +sysconf.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Pavel Tikhomirov] + Rework RETURN VALUE description to add more detail + Make the discussion clearer, and add a few details. + Also, fix the problem report from Pavel Tikhomirov + who noted that the man page falsely said that errno + is not changed on a successful return. + + Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195955 + Michael Kerrisk + Add ERRORS section + +ttyslot.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix error in feature test macro requirements + Michael Kerrisk + Note feature test macro requirements changes in glibc 2.24 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify details of use of <stdlib.h> file + +unlocked_stdio.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes + +elf.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add dl_iterate_phdr(3) + +nsswitch.conf.5 + DJ Delorie + Clarify group merge rules + This minor patch clarifies when merging is not done, + and how duplicate entries are merged. + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document that 'iowait' field of /proc/stat is unreliable + Text taken from Chao Fan's kernel commit 9c240d757658a3ae996. + +slabinfo.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Jorge Nerin] + SEE ALSO: add some references to relevant kernel source files + +tmpfs.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add memfd_create(2), mmap(2), shm_open(3) + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify the effect on process capabilities when UID 0 does execve(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Note effect on capabilities when a process with UID != 0 does execve(2) + Michael Kerrisk [David Lewis] + Fix reversed descriptions of CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE and CAP_MAC_ADMIN + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add filecap(8), netcap(8), pscap(8) + +cgroup_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add some further explanation of the example shell session + Michael Kerrisk + Fix a bug in shell session example + +inode.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro changes for S_IFSOCK and S_ISSOCK() + +man.7 + G. Branden Robinson + Undocument "URL" macro in man(7) in favor .UR+.UE + +pid_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children + +pipe.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add tee(2) and vmsplice(2) + +sigevent.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention signal.h header file + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk [lilydjwg] + Since Linux 3.8, read(2) on an inotify FD is restartable with SA_RESTART + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195711 + Michael Kerrisk + read() from an inotify FD is no longer interrupted by a stop signal + (Change was in Linux 3.8.) + +tcp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document value '2' for tcp_timestamps + Since Linux 4.10, the value '2' is meaningful for tcp_timestamps + Ruben Kerkhof + Change default value of tcp_frto + The default changed in c96fd3d461fa495400df24be3b3b66f0e0b152f9 + (Linux 2.6.24). + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Greatly expand the explanation of LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK + Carlos O'Donell + Expand DT_RUNPATH details. + ld.so.8: Expand DT_RUNPATH details. + + Every 3 years we get asked why DT_RUNPATH doesn't work like DT_RPATH. + The most recent question was here: + https://www.sourceware.org/ml/libc-help/2017-06/msg00013.html + + We need to expand the description of DT_RUNPATH to cover this + situation and explain that the DT_RUNPATH entries apply only to the + immediate DT_NEEDED, not that of another, say dlopen'd child object. + Michael Kerrisk + Since glibc 2.2.5, LD_PROFILE is ignored in secure-execution mode + Michael Kerrisk + Make notes on secure-execute mode more prominent + Place each note on secure-execution mode in a separate + paragraph, to make it more obvious. + Michael Kerrisk + Note that libraries in standard directories are not normally set-UID + In secure mode, LD_PRELOAD loads only libraries from standard + directories that are marked set-UID. Note that it is unusual for + a library to be marked in this way. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add elf(5) + Michael Kerrisk + Note version where secure-execution started ignoring LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS + Michael Kerrisk + Correct glibc version that ignores LD_SHOW_AUXV in secure-execution mode + Ignored since 2.3.4 (not 2.3.5). + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite LD_DEBUG_OUTPUT description and note that .PID is appended + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-4.13 ==================== + +Released: 2017-09-15, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Aleksa Sarai <asarai@suse.de> +Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com> +Benjamin Peterson <bp@benjamin.pe> +Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is> +Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> +Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> +David Wilder <dwilder@us.ibm.com> +Dennis Knorr <dennis.knorr@muenchen.de> +Don Brace <don.brace@microsemi.com> +Douglas Caetano dos Santos <douglascs@taghos.com.br> +Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com> +Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com> +Fabio Scotoni <fabio@esse.ch> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jason Noakes <jjnoakes@gmail.com> +Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> +Jonas Grabber <jobegrabber@gmail.com> +Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> +Konstantin Shemyak <konstantin@shemyak.com> +Li Zhijian <lizhijian@cn.fujitsu.com> +Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com> +Mark Wielaard <mark@klomp.org> +Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com> +Otto Ebeling <oebeling@github.mail.kapsi.fi> +Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu> +Rick Jones <rick.jones2@hpe.com> +Sage Weil <sage@redhat.com> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Sergey Z. <zhurxx@gmail.com> +Shrikant Giridhar <shrikantgiridhar@gmail.com> +Stephan Müller <smueller@chronox.de> +Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Tej Chajed <tchajed@mit.edu> +Thiago Jung Bauermann <bauerman@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Vincent Bernat <vincent@bernat.im> +Yubin Ruan <ablacktshirt@gmail.com> +Ильдар Низамов <niya3@mail.ru> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +pthread_mutex_consistent.3 + Yubin Ruan, Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting pthread_mutex_consistent(3) + +pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(3) and pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(3) + +pthread_mutexattr_init.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_mutexattr_init(3) and pthread_mutexattr_destroy(3) + +pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3 + Yubin Ruan, Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(3) and pthread_mutexattr_getrobust(3) + +sysfs.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Mark Wielaard] + New page documenting the sysfs filesystem + Just a skeleton page so far, but perhaps it will be filled out + over time. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +fcntl.2 + Jens Axboe, Michael Kerrisk + Describe the set/get write hints commands that are added in Linux 4.13 + Document F_GET_RW_HINT, F_SET_RW_HINT, F_GET_FILE_RW_HINT, and + F_SET_FILE_RW_HINT. + +ioctl_tty.2 + Aleksa Sarai, Michael Kerrisk + Add TIOCGPTPEER documentation + +kcmp.2 + Cyrill Gorcunov + Add KCMP_EPOLL_TFD description + +keyctl.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Document the KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING operation + Eugene Syromyatnikov [Stephan Müller] + Document the ability to provide KDF parameters in KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +pthread_mutexattr_destroy.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_mutexattr_init.3 page + +pthread_mutexattr_getrobust.3 +pthread_mutexattr_getrobust_np.3 +pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to new pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3 page + +pthread_mutexattr_setpshared.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3 page + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Use .EX/.EE for EXAMPLE programs + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Use consistent markup for code snippets + Change .nf/.fi to .EX/.EE + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Use consistent markup for code snippets + The preferred form is + + .PP/.IP + .in +4n + .EX + <code> + .EE + .in + .PP/.IP + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Formatting fix: replace blank lines with .PP/.IP + Blank lines shouldn't generally appear in *roff source (other + than in code examples), since they create large vertical + spaces between text blocks. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason] + Add a non-breaking space between a number and a unit (prefix) + Based on a patch by Bjarni Ingi Gislason. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason] + Use en-dash for ranges + Based on a patch by Bjarni Ingi Gislason. + +A few pages + Michael Kerrisk + Fix misordering of sections + Michael Kerrisk + Fix order of SEE ALSO entries + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +ldd.1 + Michael Kerrisk + Add more detail on ldd security implications, noting glibc 2.27 changes + +add_key.2 +backtrace.3 +syslog.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix misordered SEE ALSO entries + +add_key.2 +request_key.2 +keyrings.7 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Update Linux documentation pointers + +chown.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update kernel version in note on support for grpid/nogrpid mount options + There has been no change since Linux 2.6.25, so update the + kernel version to 4.12. + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add get_robust_list(2) + +getrandom.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Fabio Scotoni] + SYNOPSIS: make return type of getrandom() 'ssize_t' + This accords with glibc headers and the Linux kernel source. + +getrlimit.2 + Thiago Jung Bauermann + Mention unit used by RLIMIT_CORE and RLIMIT_FSIZE + Michael Kerrisk + Note that RLIMIT_AS and RLIMIT_DATA are rounded down to system page size + Michael Kerrisk + Mention unit for RLIMIT_DATA + +getrlimit.2 +mmap.2 +malloc.3 + Jonas Grabber + RLIMIT_DATA affects mmap(2) since Linux 4.7 + +get_robust_list.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Detail the operation of robust futex lists + Michael Kerrisk + Since Linux 2.6.28, robust futex lists also have an effect for execve(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that "thread ID" means "kernel thread ID" + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(3) + +ioctl_getfsmap.2 + Darrick J. Wong + Correct semantics of FMR_OF_LAST flag + +ioctl_userfaultfd.2 + Mike Rapoport + Document replacement of ENOSPC with ESRCH + Mike Rapoport + Update uffdio_api.features description + There is no requirement that uffdio_api.features must be zero + for newer kernels. This field actually defines what features + space would like to enable. + +io_submit.2 + Sage Weil + Acknowledge possibility of short return + Note that the return value may be a value less than 'nr' + if not all iocbs were queued at once. + +ipc.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add svipc(7) + +keyctl.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + mention keyctl_dh_compute(3) and keyctl_dh_compute_alloc (3) + These functions have been added in keyutils 1.5.10 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Mention ENOMEM in ERRORS + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Update kernel documentation path reference + +move_pages.2 + Otto Ebeling [Michael Kerrisk] + Note permission changes that occurred in Linux 4.13 + +mprotect.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Shrikant Giridhar] + Add warning about the use of printf() in the example code + +open.2 + NeilBrown + Improve O_PATH documentation + - fstatfs is now permitted. + - ioctl isn't, and is worth listing explicitly + - O_PATH allows an automount point to be opened with + triggering the mount. + +prctl.2 +seccomp.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Update pointer to in-kernel seccomp documentation + +prctl.2 +ptrace.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Update pointer to in-kernel Yama documentation + +prctl.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Update pointer to in-kernel no_new_privs flag documentation + +readlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jason Noakes] + Fix an off-by-one error in example code + +seccomp.2 + Kees Cook + Clarify SECCOMP_RET_KILL kills tasks not processes + +select_tut.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Sergey Z.] + Clarify an ambiguity with respect to select() and EAGAIN + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196345 + +set_tid_address.2 + Elliott Hughes + Note that there's no glibc wrapper for set_tid_address() + +socket.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Yubin Ruan] + socket() uses the lowest available file descriptor + +_syscall.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove redundant comment from EXAMPLE + A discussion of the nroff source of the manual + page isn't very useful... + +sysfs.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a pointer to sysfs(5) to help possibly confused readers + Michael Kerrisk + Make it clearer near the start of the page that sysfs(2) is obsolete + +timer_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Strengthen the warning about use of printf() in the example program + Michael Kerrisk + Update cross reference: signal(7) should be signal-safety(7) + +umount.2 + NeilBrown + Revise MNT_FORCE description + MNT_FORCE does not allow a busy filesystem to be unmounted. Only + MNT_DETACH allows that. MNT_FORCE only tries to abort pending + transactions, in the hope that might help umount not to block, + + Also, other filesystems than NFS support MNT_FORCE. + +unshare.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Update pointer to in-kernel unshare documentation + +wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Ильдар Низамов] + POSIX.1-2008 TC1 clarifies treatment of 'si_pid' for waitid() WNOHANG + +cmsg.3 + Sukadev Bhattiprolu + Add a scatter/gather buffer to sample code + Michael Kerrisk + Reorganize the text somewhat (no content changes) + +crypt.3 + Konstantin Shemyak [Michael Kerrisk] + Add description of previously undocumented 'rounds' parameter + Konstantin Shemyak + Encryption isn't done with SHA-xxx, but with a function based on SHA-xxx + Konstantin Shemyak + Clarify that ending of the salt string with '$' is optional + +exit.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention the prctl(2) PR_SET_PDEATHSIG operation + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add get_robust_list(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Add a heading to delimit discussion of signals sent to other processes + +exp2.3 + Alex Henrie + Remove C89 designation + +log1p.3 + Alex Henrie + Document fixes to give EDOM or ERANGE on error + +matherr.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that glibc 2.27 removes the 'matherr' mechanism + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty feature test macro requirements + +pow10.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that pow10() is now obsolete in favor of exp10() + Also, the pow10() functions are no longer supported by glibc, + starting with version 2.27. + +sincos.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that sincos() is intended to be more efficient than sin() + cos() + +cciss.4 +hpsa.4 + Eugene Syromyatnikov [Don Brace, Meelis Roos] + Mention cciss removal in Linux 4.14 + During the Linux 4.13 development cycle, the cciss driver has been + removed in favor of the hpsa driver, which has been amended with + some legacy board support. + +initrd.4 +proc.5 +bootparam.7 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Update pointer to in-kernel initrd documentation + +initrd.4 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Update pointer to in-kernel root over NFS documentation + +intro.4 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add mknod(1) and mknod(2) + +host.conf.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Add cross-reference to hosts(5) + +locale.5 + Marko Myllynen + Refer to existing locales for encoding details + Since I don't think it would make sense to try to have different + explanation for each glibc version on the locale(5) man page, I'm + proposing that we apply the below patch so that we refer to + existing locale definition files in general and not spell out the + exact format or any certain locale as a definitive guideline. + +nologin.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a sentence explaining why nologin is useful + +proc.5 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Document removal of htab-reclaim sysctl file + This PPC-specific sysctl option has been removed in Linux 2.4.9.2, + according to historic Linux repository commit log. + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Add description for cpuN lines in /proc/stat + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Add description for softirq line in /proc/stat + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Document removal of timer_stats file + Michael Kerrisk + Note Linux 4.9 changes to privileges for /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns + Michael Kerrisk + Show command used to mount /proc + Michael Kerrisk + Explicitly note in intro that some /proc files are writable + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Update pointer to in-kernel SysRq documentation + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sysfs(5) + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Update pointer to in-kernel security keys documentation + Benjamin Peterson + Fix path to binfmt_misc docs + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Update pointer to in-kernel MTRR documentation + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Update reference to kernel's crypto API documentation + +tzfile.5 + Paul Eggert + Sync from tzdb upstream + This makes tzfile.5 a copy of the tzdb version, except that the + tzdb version's first line is replaced by man-pages boilerplate. + The new version documents version 3 format, among other things. + Also, it removes the "Summary of the timezone information file + format" section, which should no longer be needed due to + improvements in the part of the man page. + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note semantics for a program that is set-UID-root and has capabilities + Note semantics for a program that is both set-user-ID-root and has + file capabilities. + Michael Kerrisk [Dennis Knorr] + Note that a set-UID-root program may have an empty file capability set + +cgroups.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: systemd-cgls(1) + +cpuset.7 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Update pointer to in-kernel cpusets documentation + +keyrings.7 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Document description restriction for logon keys + "logon" type has additional check that enforces colon-separated + prefix in key descriptions. + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Add pointers to kernel's documentation + Mostly because of asymmetric-keys.txt, which is outside + security/keys for some reason. + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Expand the guidance on formatting code snippets + +netlink.7 + David Wilder + Change buffer size in example code about reading netlink message + Michael Kerrisk [Rick Jones] + Add a comment on 8192 buffer size in example code + +pthreads.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pthread_mutexattr_destroy(3) and pthread_mutexattr_init(3) + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Since glibc 2.26, SIGUNUSED is no longer defined + +tcp.7 + Vincent Bernat + tcp_tw_recycle is removed from Linux 4.12 + And it is completely broken. + +unicode.7 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Update pointer to in-kernel Unicode terminal support documentation + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-4.14 ==================== + +Released: 2017-11-27, Paris + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org> +Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org> +Ahmad Fatoum <ahmad@a3f.at> +Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> +Bastien Roucaries <roucaries.bastien@gmail.com> +Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> +Colm MacCárthaigh <colm@allcosts.net> +Craig Ringer <craig.ringer@2ndquadrant.com> +Cristian Rodríguez <crrodriguez@opensuse.org> +David Eckardt <david.eckardt@sociomantic.com> +Don Brace <don.brace@microsemi.com> +Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com> +Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> +Fabio Scotoni <fabio@esse.ch> +Fangrui Song <i@maskray.me> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com> +Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.com> +Grégory Vander Schueren <gregory.vanderschueren@tessares.net> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> +Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> +Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> +Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Julien Gomes <julien@arista.com> +Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> +Křištof Želechovski <giecrilj@stegny.2a.pl> +Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net> +Lucas Werkmeister <mail@lucaswerkmeister.de> +Marcus Folkesson <marcus.folkesson@gmail.com> +Marin H. <mar-tSIEzQ@neutronstar.noip.me> +Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> +Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> +Michał Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl> +Mihir Mehta <mihir@cs.utexas.edu> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org> +Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> +Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com> +NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com> +Oliver Ebert <oe@outputenable.net> +Pedro Alves <palves@redhat.com> +Per Böhlin <Per.Bohlin@zenterio.com> +Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> +Petr Malat <oss@malat.biz> +Petr Uzel <petr.uzel@suse.cz> +Prakash Sangappa <prakash.sangappa@oracle.com> +Raghavendra D Prabhu <me@rdprabhu.com> +Rahul Bedarkar <rpal143@gmail.com> +Ram Pai <linuxram@us.ibm.com> +Richard Knutsson <richard.knutsson@abelko.se> +Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> +Scott Vokes <vokes.s@gmail.com> +Seonghun Lim <wariua@gmail.com> +Stas Sergeev <stsp@list.ru> +Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com> +Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> +Tobias Klausmann <klausman@schwarzvogel.de> +Tomas Pospisek <tpo@sourcepole.ch> +Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@canonical.com> +Victor Porton <porton@narod.ru> +Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de> +Wesley Aptekar-Cassels <w.aptekar@gmail.com> +Yubin Ruan <ablacktshirt@gmail.com> +Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com> +Дилян Палаузов <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +pthread_spin_init.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra, Thomas Gleixner, Zack Weinberg, + Florian Weimer] + New page describing pthread_spin_init(3) and pthread_spin_destroy(3) + +pthread_spin_lock.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell] + New page describing functions that lock and unlock spin locks + Add a page describing pthread_spin_lock(3), pthread_spin_unlock(3), + and pthread_spin_trylock(3). + +smartpqi.4 + Don Brace [Michael Kerrisk, G. Branden Robinson] + Document the smartpqi SCSI driver + +veth.4 + Tomáš Pospíšek, Eric Biederman, Michael Kerrisk + New page documenting veth virtual ethernet devices + Based on a page from Tomáš Pospíšek, with some clean-ups by mtk. + + +Removed pages +------------- + +infnan.3: + Michael Kerrisk + This function was in libc4 and libc5, but never part + of glibc. It ceased to be relevant nearly 20 years + ago. Time to remove the man page. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +ioctl_userfaultfd.2 +userfaultfd.2 + Prakash Sangappa [Andrea Arcangeli, Mike Rapoport] + Add description for UFFD_FEATURE_SIGBUS + +madvise.2 + Rik van Riel [Colm MacCárthaigh, Michael Kerrisk] + Document MADV_WIPEONFORK and MADV_KEEPONFORK + Michael Kerrisk + Note fork() and execve() semantics for wipe-on-fork setting + +membarrier.2 + Mathieu Desnoyers + Update membarrier manpage for 4.14 + Add documentation for these new membarrier() commands: + MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED + MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED + +memfd_create.2 + Mike Kravetz + Add description of MFD_HUGETLB (hugetlbfs) support + hugetlbfs support for memfd_create() was recently merged by Linus + and should be in the Linux 4.14 release. To request hugetlbfs + support a new memfd_create() flag (MFD_HUGETLB) was added. + +readv.2 + Christoph Hellwig + Document RWF_NOWAIT added in Linux 4.14 + +seccomp.2 + Tyler Hicks + Document the SECCOMP_GET_ACTION_AVAIL operation added in Linux 4.14 + Tyler Hicks + Document the SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_LOG flag added in Linux 4.14 + Tyler Hicks + Document the SECCOMP_RET_LOG action added In Linux 4.14 + Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook] + Add description of SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS + Michael Kerrisk + Add SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD description and rework SECCOMP_RET_KILL text + Michael Kerrisk + Document the seccomp audit logging feature added in Linux 4.14 + +seccomp.2 +proc.5 + Tyler Hicks + Document the seccomp /proc interfaces added in Linux 4.14 + Document the seccomp /proc interfaces in Linux 4.14: + /proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/actions_avail and + /proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/actions_logged. + +sigaltstack.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Stas Sergeev] + Document the SS_AUTODISARM flag added in Linux 4.7 + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/locks + Oliver Ebert + Document /proc/kpagecgroup + Oliver Ebert + Add KPF_BALLOON, KPF_ZERO_PAGE, and KPF_IDLE for /proc/kpageflags + +pid_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +pthread_spin_destroy.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to new pthread_spin_init.3 page + +pthread_spin_trylock.3 +pthread_spin_unlock.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New links to new pthread_spin_lock.3 page + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Consistently use "x86-64", not "x86_64" + When referring to the architecture, consistently use "x86-64", + not "x86_64". Hitherto, there was a mixture of usages, with + "x86-64" predominant. + +Various pages + G. Branden Robinson + Replace incorrect uses of Latin abbreviation "cf.". + People seem to be using "cf." ("conferre"), which means "compare", + to mean "see" instead, for which the Latin abbreviation would be + "q.v." ("quod vide" -> "which see"). + + In some cases "cf." might actually be the correct term but it's + still not clear what specific aspects of a function/system call + one is supposed to be comparing. + + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +capget.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify discussion of kernels that have no VFS capability support + +clock_getres.2 + Michael Kerrisk + clock_gettime() may be implemented in the vDSO + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Warn that the clone() wrapper modifies child_stack in the parent + Michael Kerrisk + Rework the discussion of the historical CLONE_PID for clarity + Michael Kerrisk + Add NOTES heading + Michael Kerrisk + Add a reference to new veth(4) page + Michael Kerrisk + Eliminate some redundant phrasing in discussion of "fn()" + Michael Kerrisk + Combine redundant paragraphs describing child_stack==NULL + Michael Kerrisk + Note that child_stack can be NULL when using the raw system call + Michael Kerrisk + Remove a redundant paragraph + +connect.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that ECONNREFUSED is for stream sockets + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jens Axboe] + Inode read-write hints persist only until the filesystem is unmounted + +flock.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Move NFS details to a headed subsection + Michael Kerrisk [Petr Uzel] + Placing an exclusive lock over NFS requires the file is open for writing + +fork.2 + Rik van Riel [Colm MacCárthaigh, Michael Kerrisk] + Document effect of MADV_WIPEONFORK + +fork.2 +getsid.2 +setpgid.2 +setsid.2 + Ahmad Fatoum + Include <sys/types.h> in SYNOPSIS to obtain declaration of pid_t + +fsync.2 + Craig Ringer + ERRORS: add ENOSPC + +getcpu.2 + Michael Kerrisk + getcpu() may have an implementation in the vDSO + +getpid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention that PID == TGID, and note contrast with TID + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add gettid(2) + +getrandom.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Fabio Scotoni] + ERRORS: add ENOSYS + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Scott Vokes] + Make it clear RLIMIT_NPROC is a limit on current number of processes + https://twitter.com/silentbicycle/status/893849097903505409 + +gettid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add getpid(2) + +gettimeofday.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that gettimeofday() may be implemented in the vDSO + +ioctl_userfaultfd.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework version information for feature bits + +io_submit.2 + Goldwyn Rodrigues + Add iocb details to io_submit + Add more information about the iocb structure. Explains the + fields of the I/O control block structure which is passed to the + io_submit() call. + Michael Kerrisk + Add cross-reference to io_getevents(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Cross reference pwritev(2) in discussion of RWF_SYNC and RWF_DSYNC + +membarrier.2 + Mathieu Desnoyers + Update example to take TSO into account + The existing example given specifically states that it focus on + x86 (TSO memory model), but gives a read-read vs write-write + ordering example, even though this scenario does not require + explicit barriers on TSO. + + So either we change the example architecture to a weakly-ordered + architecture, or we change the example to a scenario requiring + barriers on x86. + + Let's stay on x86, but provide a Dekker as example instead. + Mathieu Desnoyers + Adapt the MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED return value documentation to + reflect that it now returns -EINVAL when issued on a system + configured for nohz_full. + +memfd_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note the limit for size of 'name' + +mkdir.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Raghavendra D Prabhu] + ERRORS: document EINVAL error for invalid filename + +mmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add explicit text noting that 'length' must be greater than 0 + Currently, this detail is hidden in ERRORS. Make it clear in + the main text. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ftruncate(2) + +mremap.2 + Mike Kravetz [Florian Weimer, Jann Horn] + Add description of old_size == 0 functionality + Since at least the 2.6 time frame, mremap() would create a new + mapping of the same pages if 'old_size == 0'. It would also leave + the original mapping. This was used to create a 'duplicate + mapping'. + + A recent change was made to mremap() so that an attempt to create a + duplicate a private mapping will fail. + Michael Kerrisk [Michal Hocko, Mike Kravetz] + BUGS: describe older behavior for old_size==0 on private mappings + Explain the older behavior, and why it changed. This is a + follow-up to Mike Kravetz's patch documenting the behavior + for old_size==0 with shared mappings. + Michael Kerrisk + Reformat EINVAL errors as a list + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + By contrast with O_RDONLY, no file permissions are required for O_PATH + Note one of the significant advantages of O_PATH: many of the + operations applied to O_PATH file descriptors don't require + read permission, so there's no reason why the open() itself + should require read permission. + Michael Kerrisk + Note use of O_PATH to provide O_EXEC functionality + Michael Kerrisk + Mention O_PATH file descriptor use with fexecve(3) + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: document EINVAL error for invalid filename + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that O_TMPFILE creates a *regular* file + Michael Kerrisk + Make it explicit that O_CREAT creates a regular file + Michael Kerrisk + Since glibc 2.26, the open() wrapper always uses the openat() syscall + Michael Kerrisk + Change pathname used in discussion of rationale for openat() + /path/to/file is a little confusing as a pathname + Michael Kerrisk + Make the purpose of open() a little clearer at the start of the page + +open_by_handle_at.2 + NeilBrown + Clarifications needed due to NFS reexport + NeilBrown [Lennart Poettering] + Clarify MAX_HANDLE_SZ + As hinted in the kernel source, MAX_HANDLE_SZ is a hint + rather than a promise. + +pipe.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Marin H.] + Since Linux 4.5, fcntl() can be used to set O_DIRECT for a pipe + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197917 + +pivot_root.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add switch_root(8) + +pkey_alloc.2 + Breno Leitao + Fix argument order + Currently pkey_alloc() syscall has two arguments, and the very + first argument is still not supported and should be set to zero. + The second argument is the one that should specify the + page access rights. + +ptrace.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ltrace(1) + +reboot.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan] + Fix bogus description of reboot() from non-initial PID namespace + The current text was confused (mea culpa). No signal is sent to + the init() process. Rather, depending on the 'cmd' given to + reboot(), the 'group_exit_code' value will set to either SIGHUP or + SIGINT, with the effect that one of those signals is reported to + wait() in the parent process. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195899 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: remove reboot(8) (synonym for halt(8)); add shutdown(8) + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add systemctl(1), systemd(1) + +recvmmsg.2 +sendmmsg.2 + Elliot Hughes + Type fixes in SYNOPSIS + [mtk: The raw system calls use "unsigned int", but the glibc + wrappers have "int" for the 'flags' argument.] + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add numactl(8) + +sched_yield.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra] + sched_yield() is intended for use with real-time scheduling policies + +seccomp.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Adhemerval Zanella, Florian Weimer, Kees Cook] + Add some Caveats regarding the use of seccomp filters + Michael Kerrisk + Document the "default" filter return action + The kernel defaults to either SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS + or SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD for unrecognized filter + return action values. + Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook] + Change SECCOMP_RET_ACTION to SECCOMP_RET_ACTION_FULL + In Linux 4.14, the action component of the return value + switched from being 15 bits to being 16 bits. A new macro, + SECCOMP_RET_ACTION_FULL, that masks the 16 bits was added, + to replace the older SECCOMP_RET_ACTION. + Michael Kerrisk + Explicitly note that other threads survive SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add strace(1) + +send.2 + Grégory Vander Schueren + Add EALREADY to ERRORS + +setns.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add nsenter(1) + +shmop.2 + Yubin Ruan + Note that return value of shmat() is page-aligned + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework discussion of SA_SIGINFO handler arguments + Expand and rework the text a little, in particular adding + a reference to sigreturn(2) as a source of further + information about the ucontext argument. + Michael Kerrisk + Mention that libc sets the act.sa_restorer field + +sigaltstack.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms] + Reword BUGS text to be a little clearer + Michael Kerrisk + Add explicit error handling to example code + Michael Kerrisk + Add use of sigaction() to example code + +sigreturn.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Make it a little clearer that a stack frame is created by the kernel + Michael Kerrisk + glibc has a simple wrapper for sigreturn() that returns ENOSYS + +splice.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Since Linux 2.6.31,'fd_in' and 'fd_out' may both refer to pipes + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Richard Knutsson] + Use lstat() instead of stat() + It's more logical to use lstat() in the example code, + since one can then experiment with symbolic links, and + also the S_IFLNK case can also occur. + NeilBrown + Correct AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT text and general revisions + Expand on the relationship between fstatat() and the other three + functions, and improve the description of AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT. + Specifically, both stat() and lstat() act the same way with + respect to automounts, and that behavior matches fstatat() with + the AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT flag. + +statfs.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add some comments noting filesystems that are no longer current + Michael Kerrisk + Add comments describing a few filesystem types + +time.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that time() may be implemented in the vDSO + Michael Kerrisk [Victor Porton] + Language fix-up: clarify that "tasks" means "work" + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197183 + +userfaultfd.2 + Mike Rapoport + BUGS: document spurious UFFD_EVENT_FORK + +write.2 +fsync.2 +close.2 + NeilBrown [Jeff Layton] + Update description of error codes + Since 4.13, errors from writeback are more reliably reported + to all file descriptors that might be relevant. + + Add notes to this effect, and also add detail about ENOSPC and + EDQUOT which can be delayed in a similar many to EIO - for NFS + in particular. + +abort.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Starting with glibc 2.27, abort() does not attempt to flush streams + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add assert(3) + +backtrace_symbols_fd(3) + Stefan Puiu [Walter Harms] + backtrace_symbols_fd() can trigger a call to malloc() + +daemon.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add daemon(7), logrotate(8) + +errno.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note use of errno(1) to look up error names and numbers + Michael Kerrisk + Update error list for POSIX.1-2008 + POSIX.1-2008 specified a couple of new errors not present in + POSIX.1-2001. + Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms] + Note the use of perror(3) and strerror(3) + Michael Kerrisk + Recast the advice against manually declaring 'errno' + Recast the advice against manually declaring 'errno' to + a more modern perspective. It's 13 years since the original + text was added, and even then it was describing old behavior. + Cast the description to be about behavior further away in + time, and note more clearly that manual declaration will + cause problems with modern C libraries. + Michael Kerrisk + Add some missing errors + Michael Kerrisk + Error numbers are positive values (rather than nonzero values) + POSIX.1-2008 noted the explicitly the change (to align with + the C standards) that error numbers are positive, rather + than nonzero. + Michael Kerrisk + Reorganize the text and add some subheadings + Restructure the text and add some subheadings for better + readability. No (intentional) content changes. + Michael Kerrisk [Wesley Aptekar-Cassels] + Note that error numbers vary somewhat across architectures + Added after a patch from Wesley Aptekar-Cassels that proposed + to add error numbers to the text. + Michael Kerrisk + Note the <errno.h> also provides the symbolic error names + Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms] + Explicitly note that error numbers vary also across UNIX systems + +exec.3 + Michael Kerrisk + glibc 2.24 dropped CWD from the default path + Document the glibc 2.24 change that dropped CWD from the default + search path employed by execlp(), execvp() and execvpe() when + PATH is not defined. + +fexecve.3 + Michael Kerrisk + O_PATH file descriptors are also usable with fexecve() + Cristian Rodríguez + fexecve() is now implemented with execveat(2), where available + Michael Kerrisk + Add some detail on the glibc implementation of fexecve() via execveat(2) + +ffs.3 + Michael Kerrisk + glibc 2.27 relaxes the FTM requirements for ffsl() and ffsll() + +get_nprocs_conf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add nproc(1) + +lround.3 + Michael Kerrisk [David Eckardt] + Clarify that lround() rounds *halfway cases" away from zero + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=194601 + +makedev.3 + Adrian Bunk + glibc has deprecated exposing the definitions via <sys/types.h> + +mallinfo.3 + Jakub Wilk + Fix the example + Remove reference to non-standard "tlpi_hdr.h" and replace calls to + functions that were declared in this header. + +malloc.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add valgrind(1) + +popen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a cross reference to Caveats in system(3) + All of the same risks regarding system() also apply to popen(). + +pthread_detach.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Rahul Bedarkar] + Improve sentence describing freeing of resources on process termination + As reported by Rahul, the existing sentence could be read as + meaning that resources of joined and terminated detached + threads are freed only at process termination. Eliminate + that possible misreading. + +pthread_yield.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra] + pthread_yield() is intended for use with real-time scheduling policies + +setlocale.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Křištof Želechovski] + The standards do not specify all of the locale categories + +sockatmark.3 + Seonghun Lim + Fix cruft in code example + +stdio.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Use proper section cross references in function list + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty reference to pc(1) + +sysconf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention get_nprocs_conf(3) + Mention get_nprocs_conf(3) in discussion of _SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF + and _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN. + +system.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries] + Create a "Caveats" subsection to hold warnings about the use of system() + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=882222 + Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries] + Mention PATH explicitly in discussion of system() and set-UID programs + Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries] + Note that user input for system() should be carefully sanitized + Michael Kerrisk + Mention file capabilities in discussion of privileged programs + Michael Kerrisk + Correctly note which shell Debian uses as (noninteractive) /bin/sh + +core.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Add some notes on systemd and core dumps + Michael Kerrisk + Dumps are not produced if core_pattern is empty and core_uses_pid is 0 + Michael Kerrisk [Per Böhlin] + RLIMIT_CORE is not enforced when piping core dump to a program + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add systemd-coredump(8) + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add coredumpctl(1) + +filesystems.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] + Replace crufty URL reference for 'smb' with up-to-date URL + Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] + Refer to VFAT as an extended FAT (not DOS) filesystem + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Miklos Szered, Ram Pai] + Correct the description of the parent mount ID for /proc/PID/mountinfo + Oliver Ebert + Add mmap-exclusive bit for /proc/[pid]/pagemap + Marcus Folkesson + Update description of /proc/<pid>/oom_score + Lucas Werkmeister + Clarify permissions in /proc/[pid]/fd/ + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to pid_namespaces(7) for /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid + +shells.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pam_shells(8) + +sysfs.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a brief explanation of /sys/kernel + Michael Kerrisk + Add a brief description of /sys/class/net + Michael Kerrisk + Add a brief description of /sys/kernel/mm + Michael Kerrisk + Add brief description of /sys/kernel/debug/tracing + Michael Kerrisk + Add a description of /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages + +arp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add arpd(8) + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a reference to xattr(7) in the discussion of extended attributes + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add captest(8) + +epoll.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note existence of kcmp() KCMP_EPOLL_TFD operation + +fifo.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to pipe(7) for details of I/O semantics of FIFOs + +hier.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add file-hierarchy(7) + +icmp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add rdisc(8) + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that "x86-64" is generally preferred over "x86_64" + G. Branden Robinson + Add a use case for real minus character + +namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a reference to new veth(4) page + Michael Kerrisk + EXAMPLE: refer also to example in clone(2) + +pid_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add reboot(2) + Add because reboot(2) has special semantics for non-initial + PID namespaces. + +pthreads.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pthread_spin_init(3) and pthread_spin_lock(3) + +socket.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Petr Malat, Tobias Klausmann] + Correct the description of SO_RXQ_OVFL + +standards.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add getconf(1), confstr(3), pathconf(3), sysconf(3) + +user_namespaces.7 + Christian Brauner [Michael Kerrisk] + Document new 340 line idmap limit + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk [Yubin Ruan] + Simplify language around conferring capabilities + The statement "conferring permitted or effective capabilities" + to the process is somewhat redundant. Binaries with capabilities + confer capabilities only to those process capability sets, so it's + simpler to just say "confers capabilities to the process". + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-4.15 ==================== + +Released: 2018-02-02, Palo Alto + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Adam Liddell <ml+kernel.org@aliddell.com> +Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@gmail.com> +Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl> +Elie Roudninski <xademax@gmail.com> +Eric Benton <erbenton@comcast.net> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Joel Williamson <jwilliamson@carnegietechnologies.com> +John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> +Jorgen Hansen <jhansen@vmware.com> +Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> +NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com> +Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com> +Nikolay Borisov <nborisov@suse.com> +Pradeep Kumar <pradeepsixer@gmail.com> +QingFeng Hao <haoqf@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Ricardo Biehl Pasquali <pasqualirb@gmail.com> +roblabla <man-pages@roblab.la> +Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> +Shawn Landden <slandden@gmail.com> +Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> +Stefan Raspl <raspl@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +s390_sthyi.2 + QingFeng Hao [Michael Kerrisk] + New page for s390-specific s390_sthyi(2) + +network_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New page describing network namespaces + Based on content moved from namespaces(7) + +vsock.7 + Stefan Hajnoczi [Jorgen Hansen, Michael Kerrisk] + Document the VSOCK socket address family + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +cgroups.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo] + Document cgroups v2 "thread mode" + Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo] + Document cgroup v2 delegation via the 'nsdelegate' mount option + Michael Kerrisk + Document the cgroup.max.depth and cgroup.max.descendants files + Michael Kerrisk + Document 'release_agent' mount option + Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin] + Document /sys/kernel/cgroup/delegate + Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin] + Document /sys/kernel/cgroup/features + Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin] + Document cgroups v2 cgroup.stat file + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + G. Branden Robinson + Standardize on "nonzero" + Also add this term to the style guide in man-pages(7). + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +bpf.2 + Nikolay Borisov + Sync list of supported map types with 4.14 kernel + +copy_file_range.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Library support was added in glibc 2.27 + Shawn Landden + glibc provides a user-space emulation where the system call is absent + Florian Weimer + EFBIG errors are possible, similar to write(2) + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EISDIR + Michael Kerrisk + Order ERRORS alphabetically + Michael Kerrisk + Add comment to code example explaining use of syscall(2) + +fcntl.2 +read.2 +write.2 + NeilBrown + Document "Lost locks" as cause for EIO. + If an advisory lock is lost, then read/write requests on any + affected file descriptor can return EIO - for NFSv4 at least. + +memfd_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + glibc support for memfd_create() was added in version 2.27 + +mlock.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Make details for MLOCK_ONFAULT a little more explicit + Michael Kerrisk + glibc support for mlock2() is added in version 2.27 + +mmap.2 + John Hubbard [Michael Hocko] + MAP_FIXED is no longer discouraged + MAP_FIXED has been widely used for a very long time, yet the man + page still claims that "the use of this option is discouraged". + John Hubbard + MAP_FIXED updated documentation + -- Expand the documentation to discuss the hazards in + enough detail to allow avoiding them. + + -- Mention the upcoming MAP_FIXED_SAFE flag. + + -- Enhance the alignment requirement slightly. + +mount.2 + Keno Fischer [Michael Kerrisk] + Add EINVAL error condition when MS_BINDing MNT_LOCKED submounts + +mprotect.2 +pkey_alloc.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Glibc support for memory protection keys was added in version 2.27 + +perf_event_open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add perf(1) + +pkey_alloc.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify description of pkey_alloc() 'flags' argument + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Defer to capabilities(7) for discussion of the "keep capabilities" flag + +recvmmsg.2 +sendmmsg.2 + Nikola Forró + Point out that error handling is unreliable + +seccomp.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that SECCOMP_RET_TRAP SIGSYS signal is thread-directed + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add s390-specific s390_sthyi(2) to syscall list + +unshare.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that EUSERS occurred only until kernel 4.8 + +errno.3 + Michael Kerrisk + 'errno -s' can be used to search for errors by string in description + Michael Kerrisk + Add Linux error text corresponding to ENOMEM + +fgetpwent.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add missing ATTRIBUTES preamble + +fts.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Pradeep Kumar] + fts_pathlen = strlen(fts_path) + strlen(fts_name) + +fuse.4 + Michael Kerrisk + Places errors in alphabetical order (no content changes) + +veth.4 + Michael Kerrisk + Add network_namespaces(7) + +sysfs.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to cgroups(7) for information about files in /sys/kernel/cgroup + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note which capability sets are affected by SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP + Note explicitly that SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP is relevant for + the permitted, effective, and ambient capability sets. + Michael Kerrisk + Deemphasize the ancient prctl(2) PR_SET_KEEPCAPS command + The modern approach is SECBITS_KEEP_CAPS. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify effect of CAP_SETFCAP + Make it clear that CAP_SETFCAP allows setting arbitrary + capabilities on a file. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify which capability sets are effected by SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS + This flag has relevance only for the process permitted and + effective sets. + Michael Kerrisk + Rephrase CAP_SETPCAP description + * Mention kernel versions. + * Place current kernel behavior first + Michael Kerrisk + SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is ignored if SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP is set + Michael Kerrisk + Ambient set is also cleared when UIDs are set to nonzero value + +cgroups.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a more complete description of cgroup v1 named hierarchies + Michael Kerrisk + Add a section on unmounting cgroup v1 filesystems + Michael Kerrisk + Add subsection describing cgroups v2 subtree delegation + Michael Kerrisk + Mention ENOENT error that can occur when writing to subtree_control file + Michael Kerrisk + Add list of currently available version 2 controllers + Nikolay Borisov + Add information about RDMA controller + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite the description of cgroup v2 subtree control + Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo] + Note Linux 4.11 changes to cgroup v2 delegation containment rules + Michael Kerrisk + systemd(1) nowadays automatically mounts the cgroup2 filesystem + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that cgroup.controllers is read-only + Michael Kerrisk + Elaborate a little on problems of splitting threads across cgroups in v1 + Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo] + Tweak the description of delegation of cgroup.subtree_control + +ip.7 + Ricardo Biehl Pasquali + INADDR_* values cannot be assigned directly to 's_addr' + Michael Kerrisk + s/INADDR_ANY/INADDR_LOOPBACK/ in discussion of htonl() + INADDR_LOOPBACK is a better example, since it is not + byte-order neutral. + +namespaces.7 +network_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Move content from namespaces(7) to network_namespaces(7) + +pid_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add mount_namespaces(7) + +sched.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Parri] + Correctly describe effect of priority changes for RT threads + The placement of a thread in the run queue for its new + priority depends on the direction of movement in priority. + (This appears to contradict POSIX, except in the case of + pthread_setschedprio().) + +user_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention NS_GET_OWNER_UID ioctl() operation + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-4.16 ==================== + +Released: 2018-04-30, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Adam Borowski <kilobyte@angband.pl> +Andy Owen <andrew.owen@dolby.com> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Carsten Grohmann <carstengrohmann@gmx.de> +Elvira Khabirova <lineprinter@altlinux.org> +Enrique Garcia <cquike@arcor.de> +Frederic Brault <fbrault@xyalis.com> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Howard Johnson <hwj@BridgeportContractor.com> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> +Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> +John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> +Jürg Billeter <j@bitron.ch> +Konstantin Grinemayer <cdlscpmv@gmail.com> +Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru> +Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz> +Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> +Mattias Andrée <maandree@kth.se> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmavrogi@redhat.com> +Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com> +Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> +Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> +Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com> +Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com> +Tomi Salminen <tsalminen@forcepoint.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +membarrier.2 + Mathieu Desnoyers [Michael Kerrisk] + Document new membarrier commands introduced in Linux 4.16 + Document the following membarrier commands introduced in + Linux 4.16: + + MEMBARRIER_CMD_GLOBAL_EXPEDITED + (the old enum label MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED is now an + alias to preserve header backward compatibility) + MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_GLOBAL_EXPEDITED + MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_SYNC_CORE + MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_SYNC_CORE + +mmap.2 + Jan Kara [Ross Zwisler, Michael Kerrisk] + Add description of MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE and MAP_SYNC + Michal Hocko [John Hubbard, Michael Kerrisk, Jann Horn] + Document new MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE flag + 4.17+ kernels offer a new MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE flag which allows + the caller to atomically probe for a given address range. + +readv.2 +io_submit.2 + Jürg Billeter + Document RWF_APPEND added in Linux 4.16 + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe file capability versioning + Michael Kerrisk [Serge E. Hallyn] + Document namespaced-file capabilities + [There's still more work to be done on this new text] + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +bpf.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update list of architectures that support JITed eBPF + And note kernel version numbers where support is added. + Michael Kerrisk + Kernel 4.15 added CONFIG_BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON + This causes the JIT compiler to be always on and + forces bpf_jit_enable to 1. + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that describing execve as "executing a new process" is misleading + This misdescription is so common that it's worth calling it out + explicitly. + Michael Kerrisk + More explicitly describe effect of execve() in the opening paragraph + +fallocate.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Since Linux 4.16, Btrfs supports FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability is required in *initial user namespace* + +io_submit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel version numbers for various 'aio_rw_flags' flags + Michael Kerrisk + Place 'aio_rw_flags' in alphabetical order + +mmap.2 + Jann Horn + MAP_FIXED is okay if the address range has been reserved + Clarify that MAP_FIXED is appropriate if the specified address + range has been reserved using an existing mapping, but shouldn't + be used otherwise. + Michael Kerrisk + Move the text on MAP_FIXED to NOTES + This text has become rather long, making it somewhat + unwieldy in the discussion of the mmap() flags. Therefore, + move it to NOTES, with a pointer in DESCRIPTION referring + the reader to NOTES. + Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt] + Clarify that when addr==NULL, address chosen by kernel is page-aligned + Michael Kerrisk + Add a little historical detail on the obsolete MAP_DENYWRITE + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EBUSY for the case of trying to stack same mount twice + Michael Kerrisk + Remove a couple of obsolete EBUSY errors + As far as I can tell, these EBUSY errors disappeared + with the addition of stackable mounts in Linux 2.4. + +msgget.2 +semget.2 +shmget.2 + Michael Kerrisk + The purpose of "flags" == 0 is to obtain ID of an existing IPC object + This was implied in these pages, but the meaning of "flags" == 0 + could be more explicit, as indicated by questions such as + https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49833569/flag-value-of-semget-function + +open.2 + Jann Horn + Document more -ETXTBSY conditions + Jakub Wilk + Add missing argument for snprintf() in example code + +perf_event_open.2 + Song Liu + Add type kprobe and uprobe + Two new types kprobe and uprobe are being added to + perf_event_open(), which allow creating kprobe or + uprobe with perf_event_open. This patch adds + information about these types. + +ptrace.2 + Jann Horn + Copy retval info for SECCOMP_GET_FILTER to right section + The "RETURN VALUE" section made a claim that was incorrect for + PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER. Explicitly describe the behavior of + PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER in the "RETURN VALUE" section (as + usual), but leave the now duplicate description in the section + describing PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER, since the + PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER section would otherwise probably become + harder to understand. + +readv.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove redundant sentence + +seccomp.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that execve() may change syscall numbers during life of process + On a multiarch/multi-ABI platform such as modern x86, each + architecture/ABI (x86-64, x32, i386)has its own syscall numbers, + which means a seccomp() filter may see different syscall numbers + over the life of the process if that process uses execve() to + execute programs that has a different architectures/ABIs. + Michael Kerrisk + Note which architectures support seccomp BPF + Michael Kerrisk + In EXAMPLE, clearly note that x32 syscalls are >= X32_SYSCALL_BIT + +shutdown.2 + Carsten Grohmann + SEE ALSO: add close(2) + +syscall.2 + Adam Borowski + Add riscv + +wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin] + wait() and waitpid() block the calling thread (not process) + +wait4.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Martin Mares] + Soften the warning against the use of wait3()/wait4() + These functions are nonstandard, but there is no replacement. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199215 + +crypt.3 +encrypt.3 + Carlos O'Donell [Michael Kerrisk] + Add notes about _XOPEN_CRYPT + The distribution may choose not to support _XOPEN_CRYPT in the + case that the distribution has transitioned from glibc crypt to + libxcrypt. + +fseek.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Andy Owen] + ERRORS: EBADF should be ESPIPE + Michael Kerrisk + Improve EPIPE error text + +getcwd.3 + Carlos O'Donell + Mention that "(unreachable)" is no longer returned for glibc >= 2.27. + +makedev.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Since glibc 2.28, <sys/types.h> no longer defines these macros + +pthread_create.3 + Frederic Brault + Note default thread stack size for several architectures + +tsearch.3 + Jann Horn + Clarify items vs nodes + The manpage claimed that tsearch() returns a pointer to a data + item. This is incorrect; tsearch() returns a pointer to the + corresponding tree node, which can also be interpreted as a + pointer to a pointer to the data item. + + Since this API is quite unintuitive, also add a clarifying + sentence. + Jann Horn + tdelete() can return dangling pointers + POSIX says that deleting the root node must cause tdelete() to + return some unspecified non-NULL pointer. Glibc implements it by + returning a dangling pointer to the (freed) root node. + Therefore, explicitly note that tdelete() may return bad pointers + that must not be accessed. + +elf.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add patchelf(1) + +filesystems.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Add an entry for tmpfs(5) + +group.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add vigr(8) + +passwd.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add vipw(8) + +sysfs.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Add brief note on /sys/fs/smackfs + +tmpfs.5 + Mike Frysinger + Document current mount options + Some of this content is moved from the mount(8) man page. + Style was based on proc(5) sections. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove reference to mount(8) for discussion of mount options + The mount options are now described in this page. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt + Michael Kerrisk + Reformat 'huge' and 'mpol' mount option values as lists + Michael Kerrisk + Describe 'mpol' mount options + Based on text from Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt. + Michael Kerrisk + Document 'huge' mount options + Based on text from Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add set_mempolicy(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Document mpol=local mount option + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove redundant mention of PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER + +cgroups.7 + Michael Kerrisk + cgroup.events transitions generate POLLERR as well as POLLPRI + +mount_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note another case where shared "peer groups" are formed + +namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Konstantin Khlebnikov] + Mention that device ID should also be checked when comparing NS symlinks + When comparing two namespaces symlinks to see if they refer to + the same namespace, both the inode number and the device ID + should be compared. This point was already made clear in + ioctl_ns(2), but was missing from this page. + Michael Kerrisk + Note an idiosyncrasy of /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children + /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children has a value only after first + child is created in PID namespace. Verified by experiment. + +network_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Network namespaces isolate the UNIX domain abstract socket namespace + Michael Kerrisk + Add cross reference to unix(7) + For further information on UNIX domain abstract sockets. + +posixoptions.7 + Carlos O'Donell + Expand XSI Options groups + We define in detail the X/Open System Interfaces i.e. _XOPEN_UNIX + and all of the X/Open System Interfaces (XSI) Options Groups. + + The XSI options groups include encryption, realtime, advanced + realtime, realtime threads, advanced realtime threads, tracing, + streams, and legacy interfaces. + Michael Kerrisk + Use a more consistent, less cluttered layout for option lists + Michael Kerrisk + Make function lists more consistent and less cluttered + Use more consistent layout for lists of functions, and + remove punctuation from the lists to make them less cluttered. + +socket.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Tomi Salminen] + Fix error in SO_INCOMING_CPU code snippet + The last argument is passed by value, not reference. + +time.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Enrique Garcia] + Mention clock_gettime()/clock_settime() rather than [gs]ettimeofday() + gettimeofday() is declared obsolete by POSIX. Mention instead + the modern APIs for working with the realtime clock. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199049 + +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Rusty Russell] + ERRORS: add EBADF for sending closed file descriptor with SCM_RIGHTS + +vdso.7 + Michael Kerrisk + VDSO symbols (system calls) are not visible to seccomp(2) filters + +xattr.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add selinux(8) + +ld.so.8 + Mike Frysinger + Make lack of separator escaping explicit + Make it clear that the delimiters in LD_PRELOAD, LD_LIBRARY_PATH, + and LD_AUDIT cannot be escaped so people don't try various methods + (such as \:) to workaround it. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove unneeded mention of PATH in discussion of LD_LIBRARY_PATH + This brief sentence doesn't add value to the text. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-5.00 ==================== + +Released: 2019-03-06, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Adam Manzanares <adam.manzanares@wdc.com> +Alan Jenkins <alan.christopher.jenkins@gmail.com> +Alec Leamas <leamas.alec@gmail.com> +Alessandro Vesely <vesely@tana.it> +Alexander E. Patrakov <patrakov@gmail.com> +Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net> +Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com> +Anatoly Borodin <anatoly.borodin@gmail.com> +Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> +Andreas Westfeld <andreas.westfeld@htw-dresden.de> +Andrei Vagin <avagin@openvz.org> +Andrew Price <andy@andrewprice.me.uk> +Anthony Iliopoulos <ailiopoulos@suse.com> +Antonio Chirizzi <antonio.chirizzi@gmail.com> +Antonio Ospite <ao2@ao2.it> +Arkadiusz Drabczyk <arkadiusz@drabczyk.org> +Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com> +Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org> +Bernd Petrovitsch <bernd@petrovitsch.priv.at> +bert hubert <bert.hubert@powerdns.com> +Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is> +Burkhard Lück <lueck@hube-lueck.de> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Claudio Scordino <claudio@evidence.eu.com> +Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> +Daniel Kamil Kozar <dkk089@gmail.com> +Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> +Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de> +David Newall <glibc@davidnewall.com> +Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org> +Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com> +Elvira Khabirova <lineprinter@altlinux.org> +Emil Fihlman <emil.fihlman@gmail.com> +Enrico Scholz <enrico.scholz@sigma-chemnitz.de> +Eric Benton <erbenton@comcast.net> +Eric Sanchis <eric.sanchis@iut-rodez.fr> +Eugene Syromiatnikov <esyr@redhat.com> +Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com> +Felipe Gasper <felipe@felipegasper.com> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +Frank Theile <ftheile@grundfos.com> +G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com> +Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.com> +Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.de> +Göran Häggsjö <goran.haggsjo@icloud.com> +Harry Mallon <hjmallon@gmail.com> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> +Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> +Henry Wilson <henry.wilson@acentic.com> +Hiroya Ito <hiroyan@gmail.com> +Howard Johnson <hj@HowardJohnson.name> +Ian Turner <iturner@janestreet.com> +Ignat Loskutov <ignat.loskutov@gmail.com> +Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@usta.de> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +James Weigle <jtweigle@uchicago.edu> +Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> +Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net> +Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com> +Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> +Jens Thoms Toerring <jt@toerring.de> +Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com> +Johannes Altmanninger <aclopte@gmail.com> +Johannes Liebermann <johanan.liebermann@gmail.com> +Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Joseph C. Sible <josephcsible@gmail.com> +Joseph Sible <josephcsible@gmail.com> +Josh Gao <jmgao@google.com> +Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> +Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> +Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson@gmail.com> +Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com> +Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> +Konst Mayer <cdlscpmv@gmail.com> +Leah Hanson <lhanson@pivotal.io> +Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@intel.com> +Lucas Werkmeister <mail@lucaswerkmeister.de> +Luka Macan <Luka.Macan@fer.hr> +Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com> +Marcus Gelderie <marcus.gelderie@gmail.com> +Marcus Gelderie <redmnic@gmail.com> +Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com> +Mark Schott <schottm@google.com> +Matthew Bobrowski <mbobrowski@mbobrowski.org> +Matthew Kilgore <mattkilgore12@gmail.com> +Mattias Engdegård <mattiase@acm.org> +Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org> +Michael Becker <mjbecker@web.de> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com> +Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> +Mihir Mehta <mihir@cs.utexas.edu> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com> +Mike Weilgart <mike.weilgart@verticalsysadmin.com> +Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il> +Nick Gregory <ghost@capsule8.com> +Niklas Hambüchen <mail@nh2.me> +Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com> +nixiaoming <nixiaoming@huawei.com> +Oded Elisha <oded123456@gmail.com> +Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu> +Paul Millar <paul.millar@desy.de> +Philip Dumont <phil@solidstatescientific.com> +Pierre Chifflier <pollux@debian.org> +Quentin Monnet <quentin.monnet@netronome.com> +Radostin Stoyanov <rstoyanov1@gmail.com> +Robert O'Callahan <robert@ocallahan.org> +Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca> +Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com> +ruschein <ruschein@protonmail.com> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Sean Young <sean@mess.org> +Shawn Landden <shawn@git.icu> +Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it> +snyh <snyh@snyh.org> +Solal Pirelli <solal.pirelli@gmail.com> +Stan Schwertly <stan@schwertly.com> +Stephan Knauss <linux@stephans-server.de> +Szabolcs Nagy <szabolcs.nagy@arm.com> +Thomas Posch <kernel.org@online.posch.name> +Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch> +Troy Engel <troyengel@gmail.com> +Tycho Andersen <tycho@tycho.ws> +Tycho Kirchner <tychokirchner@mail.de> +Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> +Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com> +William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com> +Xiao Yang <yangx.jy@cn.fujitsu.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +s390_guarded_storage.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + New page documenting s390_guarded_storage(2) s390-specific system call + +address_families.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov] + New page that contains details of socket address families + There is too much detail in socket(2). Move most of it into + a new page instead. + +bpf-helpers.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Borkmann, Quentin Monnet] + Add new man page for eBPF helper functions + (autogenerated from kernel source files) + + +Removed Pages +------------- + +mdoc.7 +mdoc.samples.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Ingo Schwarze] + Remove mdoc(7) and mdoc.samples(7) + groff_mdoc(7) from the groff project provides a better + equivalent of mdoc.samples(7) and the 'mandoc' project + provides a better mdoc(7). And nowadays, there are virtually + no pages in "man-pages" that use mdoc markup. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +fanotify_init.2 +fanotify.7 + nixiaoming [Amir Goldstein, Michael Kerrisk] + Document FAN_REPORT_TID + fanotify_init.2: add new flag FAN_REPORT_TID + fanotify.7: update description of member pid in + struct fanotify_event_metadata + Amir Goldstein + Document FAN_MARK_FILESYSTEM + Monitor fanotify events on the entire filesystem. + Matthew Bobrowski [Amir Goldstein] + Document FAN_OPEN_EXEC and FAN_OPEN_EXEC_PERM + +io_submit.2 + Adam Manzanares + Document IOCB_FLAG_IOPRIO + +msgctl.2 +semctl.2 +shmctl.2 + Davidlohr Bueso [Joe Lawrence, Michael Kerrisk] + Document STAT_ANY commands + +prctl.2 + Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk [Michael Kerrisk] + Document PR_SET_SPECULATION_CTRL and PR_GET_SPECULATION_CTRL + +sched_setattr.2 + Claudio Scordino [Michael Kerrisk] + Document SCHED_FLAG_DL_OVERRUN and SCHED_FLAG_RECLAIM + +socket.2 + Tobias Klauser + Document AF_XDP + Document AF_XDP added in Linux 4.18. + +inotify.7 + Henry Wilson + Document IN_MASK_CREATE + +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document SO_PASSSEC + Michael Kerrisk + Document SCM_SECURITY ancillary data + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +reallocarray.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to malloc(3) + +precedence.7 + Josh Triplett + Add as a redirect to operator.7 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk [G. Branden Robinson] + Use '\e' rather than '\\' to get a backslash + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason, G. Branden Robinson] + Use zero‐width space in appropriate locations + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify the distinction between "file descriptor" and "file description" + +Various pages + Mike Rapoport + Update paths for in-kernel memory management documentation files + +A few pages + Michael Kerrisk + Change references to '2.6.0-test*' series kernels to just '2.6.0' + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +iconv.1 + Marko Myllynen + SEE ALSO: add uconv(1) + +localedef.1 + Howard Johnson + Note that -f and -c, are reversed from what you might expect + +time.1 + Michael Kerrisk [Johannes Altmanninger] + Document the -q/--quiet option + Jakub Wilk + Update bug reporting address + +bpf.2 + Tobias Klauser + Update JIT support list for Linux 4.18 + JIT support for x86-32 was during the Linux 4.18 release cycle. + Also correct the entry for MIPS (only MIPS64 is supported). + Oded Elisha + Fix bug in example + Quentin Monnet + SEE ALSO: add bpf-helpers(7) + +capget.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty sentence suggesting use of deprecated functions + Remove crufty sentence suggesting use of deprecated capsetp(3) and + capgetp(3); the manual page for those functions has long (at least + as far back as 2007) noted that they are deprecated. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove first paragraph, which repeats details from capabilities(7) + +chroot.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention /proc/[pid]/root + +clock_getres.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring] + CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW does not count while the system is suspended + Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring] + On Linux CLOCK_MONOTONIC counts time that the system has run since boot + Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring] + CLOCK_MONOTONIC does not count while the system is suspended + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EINVAL error for noncanonical clock_settime() value + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework discussion of threads and signals + The discussion is phrased in terms of signals sent using kill(2), + but applies equally to a signal sent by the kernel. + Jann Horn + Pending CLONE_NEWPID prevents thread creation + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify the discussion of threads and signals + And explicitly introduce the terms "process-directed" and + "thread-directed" signals. + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Add information about clone and clone2 on IA-64 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: EINVAL occurs with CLONE_NEWUSER if !CONFIG_USER_NS + +connect.2 + Benjamin Peterson + Document error semantics of nonblocking UNIX domain sockets + +epoll_ctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Use the term "interest list" consistently + +epoll_wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify the behavior when epoll_wait()-ing on an empty interest list + Michael Kerrisk + Note that epoll_wait() round robins through the set of ready descriptors + +eventfd.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Move text noting that eventfd() creates a FD earlier in the page + +fcntl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Actual pipe capacity may in practice be less than nominal capacity + The number of bytes that can be written to the pipe may be less + (sometimes substantially less) than the nominal capacity. + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Mention that l_sysid is not used even if present + Michael Kerrisk + Briefly explain the meaning of the 'l_sysid' field in 'struct flock' + +futex.2 + Benjamin Peterson + Make the example use C11 atomics rather than GCC builtins + +getcpu.2 + Tobias Klauser [Michael Kerrisk] + getcpu() now has a glibc wrapper; remove mention of syscall(2) + The glibc wrapper was added in glibc 2.29, release on 1 Feb 2019. + +getgid.2 +getpid.2 +getuid.2 +pipe.2 +syscall.2 + Eugene Syromiatnikov [Michael Kerrisk] + Describe 2nd return value peculiarity + Some architectures (ab)use second return value register for + additional return value in some system calls. Let's describe this. + +getgroups.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that a process can drop all groups with: setgroups(0, NULL) + +getrlimit.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Note that setrlimit(RLIMIT_CPU) doesn't fail + Michael Kerrisk + Resource limits are process-wide attributes shared by all threads + This was already noted in pthreads(7), but bears repeating here. + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Correct information about large limits on 32-bit architectures + +gettid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Glibc provides a wrapper since version 2.30 + +gettimeofday.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EINVAL for noncanonical 'tv' argument to settimeofday() + +gettimeofday.2 +clock_getres.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring] + ERRORS: EINVAL can occur if new real time is less than monotonic clock + +getxattr.2 +removexattr.2 +setxattr.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Gruenbacher, Enrico Scholz] + ERRORS: replace ENOATTR with ENODATA + See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201995 + +inotify_add_watch.2 + Paul Millar + Add IN_ONLYDIR based error + Henry Wilson + Note errors that can occur for IN_MASK_CREATE + +io_submit.2 + Jeff Moyer + Fix the description of aio_data + aio_data is not a kernel-internal field. + +madvise.2 + Michal Hocko [Niklas Hambüchen] + MADV_FREE clarify swapless behavior + +memfd_create.2 + Marc-André Lureau + Update hugetlb file-sealing support + Lucas De Marchi + Fix header for memfd_create() + Joseph C. Sible + _GNU_SOURCE is required + +mmap.2 + Elliott Hughes + Explicitly state that the fd can be closed + Jann Horn [Michal Hocko, William Kucharski] + Fix description of treatment of the hint + The current manpage reads as if the kernel will always pick a free + space close to the requested address, but that's not the case. + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clearly distinguish per-mount-point vs per-superblock mount flags + Michael Kerrisk + MS_SILENT is ignored when changing propagation type + Michael Kerrisk + Attempts to change MS_SILENT setting during remount are silently ignored + Michael Kerrisk [Harry Mallon] + Document EROFS for read-only filesystems + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200649 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that per-superblock flags are shared during remount + Michael Kerrisk + Remove crufty sentence about MS_BIND + MS_REMOUNT + Michael Kerrisk + Mention /proc/PID/mountinfo + Many people are unaware of the /proc/PID/mountinfo file. Provide + a helpful clue here. + Michael Kerrisk + Mandatory locking also now requires CONFIG_MANDATORY_FILE_LOCKING + Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] + Add MS_STRICTATIME to list of flags that can be used in remount + Michael Kerrisk + EACCES: note some reasons why a filesystem may be read-only + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ioctl_iflags(2) + +msgop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Correct the capability description for msgsnd() EACCESS error + +nfsservctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add VERSIONS section noting that this system call no longer exists + +open.2 + Lucas Werkmeister + Document ENXIO for sockets + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify a special use case of O_NONBLOCK for devices + Eugene Syromiatnikov + Mention presence of unused O_RSYNC definition + O_RSYNC is defined in <asm/fcntl.h> on HP PA-RISC, but is not + used anyway. + Eugene Syromiatnikov + Document FASYNC usage in Linux UAPI headers + Andrew Price + Remove O_DIRECT-related quotation + Remove a section that adds no benefit to the discussion of O_DIRECT. + Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin] + Clarify that O_NONBLOCK has no effect on poll/epoll/select + +perf_event_open.2 + Vince Weaver [Wang Nan] + Document the PERF_EVENT_IOC_PAUSE_OUTPUT ioctl + The PERF_EVENT_IOC_PAUSE_OUTPUT ioctl was introduced in Linux 4.7. + Vince Weaver + Fix wording in multiplexing description + Vince Weaver + Clarify exclude_idle + Vince Weaver + Document the PERF_EVENT_IOC_QUERY_BPF ioctl + Vince Weaver + Document the PERF_EVENT_IOC_MODIFY_ATTRIBUTES ioctl + Vince Weaver + Fix prctl behavior description + +pivot_root.2 + Elvira Khabirova + Explain the initramfs case and point to switch_root(8) + Joseph Sible [Joseph C. Sible] + Document EINVAL if root is rootfs + +pkey_alloc.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Szabolcs Nagy] + Switch to glibc prototype in SYNOPSIS + +poll.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that poll() and ppoll() are not affected by O_NONBLOCK + +posix_fadvise.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Describe the difference between fadvise64/fadvise64_64 + +prctl.2 + Benjamin Peterson + PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE may now be used as many times as desired + Michael Kerrisk + Add some further historical details on PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE + Michael Kerrisk [Jann Horn] + Explain the circumstances in which the parent-death signal is sent + Michael Kerrisk + Rework the PR_SET_PDEATHSIG description a little, for easier readability + Michael Kerrisk + Add additional info on PR_SET_PDEATHSIG + The signal is process directed and the siginfo_t->si_pid + filed contains the PID of the terminating parent. + Michael Kerrisk + Note libcap(3) APIs for operating on ambient capability set + (However, the libcap APIs do not yet seem to have + manual pages...) + Michael Kerrisk + Mention libcap APIs for operating on capability bounding set + +ptrace.2 + Dmitry V. Levin + Do not say that PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD may not work + Jann Horn + BUGS: ptrace() may set errno to zero + +readdir.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Fix struct old_linux_dirent in accordance with current definition + +readv.2 + Xiao Yang [Florian Weimer] + Fix wrong errno for an unknown flag + +rename.2 + Michael Kerrisk + glibc 2.28 adds library support for renameat2() + Tobias Klauser + Add feature test macro for renameat2() + The glibc wrapper for renameat2() was added in glibc 2.28 and + requires _GNU_SOURCE. + Eugene Syromiatnikov + Some additional notes regarding RENAME_WHITEOUT + Lucas Werkmeister [Michael Kerrisk] + Add kernel versions for RENAME_NOREPLACE support + Michael Kerrisk + Rework list of supported filesystems for RENAME_NOREPLACE + Tobias Klauser + renameat2() now has a glibc wrapper; remove mention of syscall(2) + +s390_runtime_instr.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Add a note about runtime_instr.h availability + +s390_sthyi.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov [Heiko Carstens] + Some minor additions + +sched_setattr.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a bit more detail for SCHED_DEADLINE + +sched_setparam.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that scheduling parameters are per-thread (not per-process) + +seccomp.2 + Michael Kerrisk + (Briefly) document SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_SPEC_ALLOW + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add bpfc(1) + +select.2 + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: the use of value-result arguments is a design bug + Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin] + Note that select() and pselect() are not affected by O_NONBLOCK + +select_tut.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Antonio Chirizzi] + Diagnose inet_aton() errors with simple fprintf() (not perror()) + +setgid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify EPERM capability requirements with respect to user namespaces + +setns.2 + Michael Kerrisk + When joining a user namespace, it must be a descendant user namespace + Michael Kerrisk + Note capability requirements for changing PID namespace + Note capability requirements for changing network, IPC, or UTS namespace + Note capability requirements for changing cgroup namespace + Michael Kerrisk + Some text restructuring and reordering + +set_thread_area.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Mention related prctl() requests in SEE ALSO + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Mention that get_thread_area() is also Linux-specific + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Describe set_thread_area()/get_thread_area() on m68k/MIPS + +setuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify EPERM capability requirements with respect to user namespaces + +sigaction.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk] + Describe obsolete usage of struct sigcontext as signal handler argument + +sigsuspend.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that sigsuspend() suspends the calling *thread* + +socket.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove references to external docs + This information is all in the new address_families(7) + Michael Kerrisk + Add cross reference to address_families(7) + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Reinstate AF_VSOCK mention + Michael Kerrisk + Simplify list of address families + Remove many of the details that are in address_families(7) + Nikola Forró + Remove notes concerning AF_ALG and AF_XDP + All address families are now documented in address_families.7. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove some more obscure protocols from address family list + The list of address families in this page is still + overwhelmingly long. So let's shorten it. + The removed entries are all in address_families(7). + Michael Kerrisk + Remove a few obsolete protocols + Documentation for these remains in address_families(7) + +socketpair.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Note that AF_TIPC also supports socketpair(2) + Introduced by Linux commit v4.12-rc1~64^3~304^2~1. + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Alessandro Vesely] + ERRORS: ENOENT can occur where a path component is a dangling symlink + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=909789 + Benjamin Peterson + SEE ALSO: add statx(2) + +statx.2 + Tobias Klauser [Michael Kerrisk] + statx() now has a glibc wrapper; remove mention of syscall(2) + +syscall.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk] + Elaborate x32 ABI specifics + snyh + Fix wrong retval register number in alpha architecture + Helge Deller + parisc needs care with syscall parameters + Michael Kerrisk + Rework table to render within 80 columns + +syscalls.2 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Change example of a thin syscall wrapper to chdir() + As truncate(3) should dispatch between truncate/truncate64, + as noted later in the page. + Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk] + Update syscall table + Added: arc_gettls, arc_settls, arc_usr_cmpxchg, arch_prctl, + atomic_barrier, atomic_cmpxchg_32, bfin_spinlock, breakpoint, + clone2, cmpxchg, cmpxchg_badaddr, dma_memcpy, execv, get_tls, + getdomainname, getdtablesize, gethostname, getxgid, getxpid, + getxuid, metag_get_tls, metag_set_fpu_flags,metag_set_tls, + metag_set_global_bit, newfstatat, old_adjtimex, oldumount, + or1k_atomic, pread, pwrite, riscv_flush_icache, + sched_get_affinity, sched_set_affinity, set_tls, setaltroot, + sethae, setpgrp, spill, sram_alloc, sram_free, swapcontext, + switch_endian, sys_debug_setcontext, syscall, sysmips, timerfd, + usr26, usr32, xtensa. + + Uncommented: memory_ordering + + Renamed: ppc_rtas to rtas (__NR_rtas), ppc_swapcontext to + swapcontext (__NR_swapcontext). + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Note about s390x and old_mmap + Michael Kerrisk + Add s390_guarded_storage(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Update syscall list for Linux 4.18 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Note that not all architectures return errno negated + Helge Deller + parisc Linux does not any longer emulate HP-UX + Michael Kerrisk + Comment out details of a few system calls that only ever briefly existed + +unshare.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden] + Same EINVAL errors as for clone(2) can also occur with unshare(2) + Tycho Andersen + Note EINVAL when unsharing pid ns twice + The kernel doesn't allow unsharing a pid NS if it has + previously been unshared. + +ustat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Starting with version 2.28, glibc no longer provides a wrapper function + +vmsplice.2 + Andrei Vagin + Note that vmsplice can splice pages from pipe to memory + +wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add some cross references to core(5) + +write.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El] + RETURN VALUE: clarify details of partial write and + https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197961 + Goldwyn Rodrigues + Add details on partial direct I/O writes + +alloca.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin] + Prevent any misunderstanding about when allocated memory is released + +bsd_signal.3 + Xiao Yang + Fix the wrong version of _POSIX_C_SOURCE + +bstring.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Emil Fihlman] + Correct argument list for memmem() prototype + +cmsg.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Explain zero-initialization requirement for CMSG_NXTHDR() + Michael Kerrisk + Remove out of place mention of MSG_CTRUNC + This detail is covered in recvmsg(2), and now also in unix(7). + Michael Kerrisk + Note that CMSG_FIRSTHDR can return NULL + Michael Kerrisk + Remove unnecessary 'fdptr' intermediate variable in example code + +des_crypt.3 +encrypt.3 + Michael Kerrisk + The functions described in these pages are removed in glibc 2.28 + +dlsym.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe a case where a symbol value may be NULL + +errno.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Robert P. J. Day] + Mention that errno(1) is part of the 'moreutils' package + +exec.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov] + Note that SPARC provides an execv() system call + +exit.3 + Mike Frysinger + Note wider sysexits.h availability + +ferror.3 + Elliot Hughes + Warn about closing the result of fileno() + +fnmatch.3 + Elliott Hughes + Clarify "shell wildcard pattern" + +getaddrinfo.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Sanchis] + Fix off-by-one error in example client program + +getcwd.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework text on use of getcwd() system call + Make it clear that all of the library functions described on this + page will use the getcwd() system call if it is present. + Michael Kerrisk + Add details on the getcwd() syscall and how it used by libc functions + Michael Kerrisk + Reorder the text describing "(unreachable)" being returned by getcwd() + +getmntent.3 + Elliot Hughes + Clarify that endmntent() should be used rather than fclose() + +isatty.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk] + Most non-tty files nowadays result in the error ENOTTY + Historically, at least FIFOs and pipes yielded the error EINVAL. + +lockf.3 + Ian Turner + ERRORS: add EINTR + +malloc.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to glibc MallocInternals wiki + Michael Kerrisk + Note that calloc() detects overflow when multiplying its arguments + Michael Kerrisk + Since glibc 2.29, reallocarray() is exposed by defining _DEFAULT_SOURCE + Info gleaned from glibc NEWS file. + +pthread_attr_init.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Göran Häggsjö, Jakub Wilk] + Use correct printf() specifier for "size_t" in example program + +pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3 + Carlos O'Donell + Remove bug notes + +pthread_setname_np.3 + Jakub Wilk + Explain _np suffix + Add text to CONFORMING TO explaining that the "_np" + suffix is because these functions are non-portable. + +putenv.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note a glibc extension: putenv("NAME") removes an environment variable + +resolver.3 + Michael Becker + Add documentation of res_nclose() + +strcmp.3 + Heinrich Schuchardt + Clarify that strcmp() is not locale aware + +strcpy.3 + Matthew Kilgore + Fix example code for strncpy, which could pass an incorrect length + Michael Kerrisk [Frank Theile] + Use "destination" consistently (instead of "target" sometimes) + +strfry.3 + Keith Thompson + Remove incorrect reference to rand(3) + +string.3 +strlen.3 +strnlen.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk] + Use 'bytes' not 'characters' + This is in line with POSIX terminology. + +system.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] + Use '(char *) NULL' rather than '(char *) 0' + Michael Kerrisk + Note that system() can fail for the same reasons as fork(2) + Arkadiusz Drabczyk + Mention that 'errno' is set on error + +termios.3 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Note an XTABS alpha issue + +trunc.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Benton, G. Branden Robinson] + Make the description a little clearer + Michael Kerrisk + Emphasize that the return value is a floating-point number + +xcrypt.3 + Jason A. Donenfeld + Warn folks not to use these functions + +lirc.4 + Sean Young + Fix broken link + Sean Young + Document error returns more explicitly + Sean Young + lirc.h include file is in /usr/include/linux/lirc.h + Sean Young [Alec Leamas, Mauro Carvalho Chehab] + Remove ioctls and feature bits which were never implemented + Sean Young + Unsupported ioctl() operations always return ENOTTY + Sean Young + LIRC_MODE_LIRCCODE has been replaced by LIRC_MODE_SCANCODE + Sean Young + Document remaining ioctl (LIRC_GET_REC_TIMEOUT) + Now all ioctls are documented. + Sean Young + Timeout reports are enabled by default + Sean Young + Some devices are send only + Sean Young + Update SEE ALSO + Sean Young + LIRC_CAN_SET_REC_DUTY_CYCLE_RANGE was never supported + No driver ever supported such a thing. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify the description LIRC_SET_REC_TIMEOUT + +tty.4 + Michael Witten + Add `vcs(4)' and `pty(7)' to the `SEE ALSO' section + +vcs.4 + Mattias Engdegård [Michael Witten] + Fix broken example code + +core.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Add cross reference to vdso(7) where "virtual DSO" is mentioned + +filesystems.5 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Mention sysfs(2) + +host.conf.5 + Nikola Forró + Clarify glibc versions in which spoof options were removed + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Philip Dumont] + Document /proc/[tid] + See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201441 + Michael Kerrisk + Add an overview section describing the groups of files under /proc + Keno Fischer [Robert O'Callahan] + Correct description of NStgid + Lucas Werkmeister + Document fdinfo format for timerfd + Stephan Knauss + Mention /proc/uptime includes time spent in suspend + Michael Kerrisk + Reword /proc/PID/fdinfo timerfd field descriptions as a hanging list + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add htop(1) and pstree(1) + fs/proc/uptime.c:uptime_proc_show() fetches time using + ktime_get_boottime which includes the time spent in suspend. + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/PID/status CoreDumping field + Michael Kerrisk + Mention choom(1) in discussion of /proc/[pid]/oom_score_adj + Michael Kerrisk + Add a few details on /proc/PID/fdinfo timerfd + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/meminfo KReclaimable field + Michael Kerrisk + Explain how to determine top-most mount in /proc/PID/mountinfo + Explain how to determine the top-most mount at a particular + location by inspecting /proc/PID/mountinfo. + Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk] + Remove bogus suggestion to use cat(1) to read files containing '\0' + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to mount(2) for explanation of mount vs superblock options + Michael Kerrisk + Fix description of /proc/PID/* ownership to account for user namespaces + Elvira Khabirova + Describe ambiguities in /proc/<pid>/maps + Michael Kerrisk [Nick Gregory] + Since Linux 4.5, "stack:" is no longer shown in /proc/PID/maps + Nikola Forró + Document /proc/[pid]/status Speculation_Store_Bypass field + Alan Jenkins + Vmalloc information is no longer calculated (Linux 4.4) + Michael Kerrisk [Alexander E. Patrakov, Jakub Wilk, Michael Kerrisk] + Use 'tr '\000' '\n' to display contents of /proc/PID/environ + Michael Kerrisk + Setting dumpable to 1 reverts ownership of /proc/PID/* to effective IDs + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/meminfo LazyFree field + Michael Kerrisk + Fix kernel source pathname for soft-dirty documentation + Michael Kerrisk + /proc/[pid]/status VmPMD field was removed in Linux 4.15 + +resolv.conf.5 + Nikola Forró + Document no-reload (RES_NPRELOAD) option + +tzfile.5 + Paul Eggert + Sync from tzdb upstream + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix some imprecisions in discussion of namespaced file capabilities + The file UID does not come into play when creating a v3 + security.capability extended attribute. + Michael Kerrisk + Note that v3 security.attributes are transparently created/retrieved + Michael Kerrisk + Improve the discussion of when file capabilities are ignored + The text stated that the execve() capability transitions are not + performed for the same reasons that setuid and setgid mode bits + may be ignored (as described in execve(2)). But, that's not quite + correct: rather, the file capability sets are treated as empty + for the purpose of the capability transition calculations. + Michael Kerrisk + Rework bounding set as per-thread set in transformation rules + Michael Kerrisk + Substantially rework "Capabilities and execution of programs by root" + Rework for improved clarity, and also to include missing details + on the case where (1) the binary that is being executed has + capabilities attached and (2) the real user ID of the process is + not 0 (root) and (3) the effective user ID of the process is 0 + (root). + Marcus Gelderie + Add details about SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS + The description of SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is misleading about the + effects on the effective capabilities of a process during a + switch to nonzero UIDs. The effective set is cleared based on + the effective UID switching to a nonzero value, even if + SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is set. However, with this bit set, the + effective and permitted sets are not cleared if the real and + saved set-user-ID are set to nonzero values. + Marcus Gelderie + Mention header for SECBIT constants + Mention that the named constants (SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS and others) + are available only if the linux/securebits.h user-space header + is included. + Michael Kerrisk + Add text introducing bounding set along with other capability sets + Michael Kerrisk [Allison Randal] + Update URL for location of POSIX.1e draft standard + Michael Kerrisk + CAP_SYS_CHROOT allows use of setns() to change the mount namespace + Michael Kerrisk [Pierre Chifflier] + Ambient capabilities do not trigger secure-execution mode + Michael Kerrisk + Add a subsection on per-user-namespace "set-user-ID-root" programs + Michael Kerrisk + Rework discussion of exec and UID 0, correcting a couple of details + Clarify the "Capabilities and execution of programs by root" + section, and correct a couple of details: + * If a process with rUID == 0 && eUID != 0 does an exec, + the process will nevertheless gain effective capabilities + if the file effective bit is set. + * Set-UID-root programs only confer a full set of capabilities + if the binary does not also have attached capabilities. + Michael Kerrisk + Update URL for libcap tarballs + The previous location does not seem to be getting updated. + (For example, at the time of this commit, libcap-2.26 + had been out for two months, but was not present at + http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/linux-privs. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify which capability sets capset(2) and capget(2) apply to + capset(2) and capget(2) apply operate only on the permitted, + effective, and inheritable process capability sets. + Michael Kerrisk + Correct the description of SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS + Michael Kerrisk + Add background details on capability transformations during execve(2) + Add background details on ambient and bounding set when + discussing capability transformations during execve(2). + Michael Kerrisk + Document the 'no_file_caps' kernel command-line option + +cgroup_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Troy Engel] + Clarify the example by making an implied detail more explicit. + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201047 + +cgroups.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add more detail on v2 'cpu' controller and realtime threads + Explicitly note the scheduling policies that are relevant for the + v2 'cpu' controller. + Michael Kerrisk + Document the use of 'cgroup_no_v1=named' to disable v1 named hierarchies + This feature was added in Linux 5.0. + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Weilgart] + Complete partial sentence re kernel boot options and 'nsdelegate' + https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201029 + Michael Kerrisk + Reframe the text on delegation to include more details about cgroups v1 + Michael Kerrisk [Leah Hanson] + Rework discussion of writing to cgroup.type file + In particular, it is possible to write "threaded" to a + cgroup.type file if the current type is "domain threaded". + Previously, the text had implied that this was not possible. + Michael Kerrisk [Balbir Singh, Marcus Gelderie] + Soften the discussion about delegation in cgroups v1 + Balbir pointed out that v1 delegation was not an accidental + feature. + +epoll.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Introduce the terms "interest list" and "ready list" + Michael Kerrisk + Consistently use the term "interest list" rather than "epoll set" + Michael Kerrisk + Reformat Q&A list + Michael Kerrisk + Note that edge-triggered notification wakes up only one waiter + Note a useful performance benefit of EPOLLET: ensuring that + only one of multiple waiters (in epoll_wait()) is woken + up when a file descriptor becomes ready. + Michael Kerrisk + Expand the discussion of the implications of file descriptor duplication + In particular, note that it may be difficult for an application + to know about the existence of duplicate file descriptors. + +feature_test_macros.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Westfeld] + Add more detail on why FTMs must be defined before including any header + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Paul Millar] + Note ENOTDIR error that can occur for IN_ONLYDIR + Note ENOTDIR error that occurs when requesting a watch on a + nondirectory with IN_ONLYDIR. + +ip.7 + Bert Hubert + IP_RECVTTL error fixed + I need to get the TTL of UDP datagrams from userspace, so I set + the IP_RECVTTL socket option. And as promised by ip.7, I then get + IP_TTL messages from recvfrom. However, unlike what the manpage + promises, the TTL field gets passed as a 32 bit integer. + +man.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: remove mdoc.samples(7) + +mount_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add findmnt(8) + +namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + List factors that may pin a namespace into existence + Various factors may pin a namespace into existence, even when it + has no member processes. + Michael Kerrisk [Tycho Kirchner] + Briefly explain why CAP_SYS_ADMIN is needed to create nonuser namespaces + Michael Kerrisk + Mention ioctl(2) in discussion of namespaces APIs + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pam_namespace(8) + +pid_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify the semantics for the adoption of orphaned processes + Because of setns() semantics, the parent of a process may reside + in the outer PID namespace. If that parent terminates, then the + child is adopted by the "init" in the outer PID namespace (rather + than the "init" of the PID namespace of the child). + Michael Kerrisk + Note a detail of /proc/PID/ns/pid_for_children behavior + After clone(CLONE_NEWPID), /proc/PID/ns/pid_for_children is empty + until the first child is created. Verified by experiment. + Michael Kerrisk + Note that a process can do unshare(CLONE_NEWPID) only once + +sched.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov] + In the kernel source SCHED_OTHER is actually called SCHED_NORMAL + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ps(1) and top(1) + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add chcpu(1), lscpu(1) + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin] + Clarify that sigsuspend() and pause() suspend the calling *thread* + Helge Deller + Add signal numbers for parisc + Michael Kerrisk + Unify signal lists into a signal table that embeds standards info + Having the signals listed in three different tables reduces + readability, and would require more table splits if future + standards specify other signals. + Michael Kerrisk + Reorder the architectures in the signal number lists + x86 and ARM are the most common architectures, but currently + are in the second subfield in the signal number lists. + Instead, swap that info with subfield 1, so the most + common architectures are first in the list. + Michael Kerrisk + Place signal numbers in a separate table + The current tables of signal information are unwieldy, + as they try to cram in too much information. + Michael Kerrisk + Insert standards info into tables + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add clone(2) + +socket.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to unix(7) for information on SO_PASSSEC + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add address_families(7) + +socket.7 +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Move text describing SO_PEERCRED from socket(7) to unix(7) + This is, AFAIK, an option specific to UNIX domain sockets, so + place it in unix(7). + +tcp.7 +udp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a reference to socket(7) noting existence of further socket options + +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Enhance the description of SCM_RIGHTS + The existing description is rather thin. More can be said. + Michael Kerrisk + There is a limit on the size of the file descriptor array for SCM_RIGHTS + The limit is defined in the kernel as SCM_MAX_FD (253). + Michael Kerrisk + Rework SO_PEERCRED text for greater clarity + Michael Kerrisk [Felipe Gasper] + Clarify SO_PASSCRED behavior + Michael Kerrisk + Explicitly note that SO_PASSCRED provides SCM_CREDENTIALS messages + Michael Kerrisk + If the buffer to receive SCM_RIGHTS FDs is too small, FDs are closed + Michael Kerrisk + One must send at least one byte of real data with ancillary data + Michael Kerrisk + Ancillary data forms a barrier when receiving on a stream socket + Michael Kerrisk + When sending ancillary data, only one item of each type may be sent + Michael Kerrisk + Improve wording describing socket option argument/return values + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify treatment of incoming ancillary data if 'msg_control' is NULL + Michael Kerrisk + Note behavior if buffer to receive ancillary data is too small + Michael Kerrisk + Fix a minor imprecision in description of SCM_CREDENTIALS + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to socket(7) for information about SO_PEEK_OFF + +user_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework terminology describing ownership of nonuser namespaces + Prefer the word "owns" rather than "associated with" when + describing the relationship between user namespaces and non-user + namespaces. The existing text used a mix of the two terms, with + "associated with" being predominant, but to my ear, describing the + relationship as "ownership" is more comprehensible. + +vdso.7 + Helge Deller + Fix parisc gateway page description + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, David Newall] + Document the --preload command-line option added in glibc 2.30 + Michael Kerrisk + Note delimiters for 'list' in --audit and --inhibit-rpath + Michael Kerrisk + Place OPTIONS in alphabetical order + Michael Kerrisk + LD_PRELOAD-ed objects are added to link map in left-to-right order + +zdump.8 + Paul Eggert + Sync from tzdb upstream + +zic.8 + Paul Eggert + Sync from tzdb upstream + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-5.01 ==================== + +Released: 2019-05-09, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Abhinav Upadhyay <er.abhinav.upadhyay@gmail.com> +Andreas Korb <andreas.d.korb@gmail.com> +Anisse Astier <anisse@astier.eu> +Brice Goglin <Brice.Goglin@inria.fr> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Dr. Jürgen Sauermann <mail@xn--jrgen-sauermann-zvb.de> +Egmont Koblinger <egmont@gmail.com> +Elias Benali <stackptr@users.sourceforge.net> +Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +Hugues Evrard <hevrard@google.com> +Jakub Nowak <jakub.jakub.nowak@gmail.com> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Keegan Saunders <keeganwsaunders@gmail.com> +Lucas Werkmeister <mail@lucaswerkmeister.de> +Marcus Huewe <suse-tux@gmx.de> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com> +Seth Troisi <sethtroisi@google.com> +Slavomir Kaslev <kaslevs@vmware.com> +Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net> +Wladimir Mutel <muwlgr@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +tsearch.3 + Florian Weimer [Michael Kerrisk] + Document the twalk_r() function added in glibc 2.30 + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +twalk_r.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to twalk(3) page + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +accept.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'addrlen' is left unchanged in the event of an error + See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=836. + +bpf.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update kernel version info for JIT compiler + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Nowak] + CLONE_CHILD_SETTID has effect before clone() returns *in the child* + CLONE_CHILD_SETTID may not have had effect by the time clone() + returns in the parent, which could be relevant if the + CLONE_VM flag is employed. The relevant kernel code is in + schedule_tail(), which is called in ret_from_fork() + in the child. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=203105 + +execve.2 +exec.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Dr. Jürgen Sauermann] + Consistently use the term 'pathname' (not 'path') + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that stack+environ size is also limited to 3/4 of _STK_LIM + In fs/exec.c::prepare_arg_pages(), we have: + + limit = _STK_LIM / 4 * 3; + limit = min(limit, bprm->rlim_stack.rlim_cur / 4); + Michael Kerrisk [Dr. Jürgen Sauermann] + SEE ALSO: refer to exec(3) (rather than execl(3)) + +pipe.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'pipefd' is left unchanged in the event of an error + See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=467. + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Brice Goglin] + Correct details of return value of sched_getaffinity() syscall + +setfsgid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite for improved clarity and defer to setfsuid() for details + Rewrite for improved clarity and defer to setfsuid(2) for the + rationale of the fsGID rather than repeating the same details + in this page. + +setfsuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite for improved clarity and to hint history more explicitly + The current text reads somewhat clumsily. Rewrite it to introduce + the eUID and fsUID in parallel, and more clearly hint at the + historical rationale for the fsUID, which is detailed lower in + the page. + +socketpair.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that 'sv' is left unchanged in the event of an error + See also http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=483. + +splice.2 + Slavomir Kaslev + EAGAIN can occur when called on nonblocking file descriptors + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Korb] + Remove crufty text about i386 syscall dispatch table + The removed text long ago ceased to be accurate. Nowadays, the + dispatch table is autogenerated when building the kernel (via + the kernel makefile, arch/x86/entry/syscalls/Makefile). + +tee.2 + Slavomir Kaslev + EAGAIN can occur when called on nonblocking file descriptors + +fopen.3 + Elliot Hughes + Explain BSD vs glibc "a+" difference + Where is the initial read position for an "a+" stream? + + POSIX leaves this unspecified. Most BSD man pages are silent, and + MacOS has the ambiguous "The stream is positioned at the end of + the file", not differentiating between reads and writes other than + to say that fseek(3) does not affect writes. glibc's documentation + explicitly specifies that the initial read position is the + beginning of the file. + +mallinfo.3 + Elliott Hughes + Further discourage use of mallinfo() + The BUGS section already explains why you need to be cautious + about using mallinfo, but given the number of bug reports we see + on Android, it seems not many people are reading that far. Call it + out up front. + +malloc_trim.3 + Carlos O'Donell + Update trimming information + Since glibc 2.8, commit 68631c8eb92, the malloc_trim function has + iterated over all arenas and free'd back to the OS all page runs + that were free. This allows an application to call malloc_trim to + consolidate fragmented chunks and free back any pages it can to + potentially reduce RSS usage. + +posix_memalign.3 + Elliot Hughes + Some functions set errno + True of bionic, glibc, and musl. (I didn't check elsewhere.) + +resolver.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Wladimir Mutel] + Mention that some functions set 'h_errno' + +stdarg.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre] + Remove the NOTES section describing the ancient varargs macros + stdarg.h is now 30 years old, and gcc long ago (2004) ceased to + implement <varargs.h>. There seems little value in keeping this + text. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=202907 + Michael Kerrisk [Egmont Koblinger] + Add a note that "..." in function signature means a variadic function + Egmont suggested adding this, because the string "..." appears + at several other points in the page, but just to indicate that + some text is omitted from example code. + +strerror.3 + Jakub Wilk + Don't discuss buffer size for strerror_l() + Unlike strerror_r(), strerror_l() doesn't take buffer length as an + argument. + +strtol.3 +strtoul.3 + Jakub Wilk + SEE ALSO: add strtoimax(3), strtoumax(3) + +sysconf.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Hugues Evrard] + Clearly note that _SC_PAGESIZE and _SC_PAGE_SIZE are synonyms + +tsearch.3 + Florian Weimer + Do not use const arguments in twalk() callback + The const specifier is not part of the prototype (it only applies + to the implementation), so showing it here confuses the reader. + Michael Kerrisk + SYNOPSIS: add missing definition of 'VISIT' type + Michael Kerrisk + Reformat twalk() and twalk_r() prototypes for easier readability + +console_codes.4 + Jakub Wilk + Document that \e[1;n] and \e[2;n] support 16 colors + Source: setterm_command() in drivers/tty/vt/vt.c + +elf.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Keegan Saunders] + A data segment does not have PF_X + +proc.5 + Michael Witten [Anisse Astier] + Add missing Inode field to /proc/net/unix + +hostname.7 + Florian Weimer + HOSTALIASES/search path processing is DNS-specific + Other NSS modules do not necessarily honor these settings. + +inode.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that timestamp fields measure time starting at the Epoch + Michael Kerrisk + Timestamp fields are structures that include a nanosecond component + Michael Kerrisk + Add references to execve(2) to describe set-UID/set-GID behaviors + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-5.02 ==================== + +Released: 2019-08-02, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> +Alexey Izbyshev <izbyshev@ispras.ru> +Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com> +Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com> +Eric Sanchis <eric.sanchis@iut-rodez.fr> +Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com> +Finn O'Leary <finnoleary@inventati.org> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com> +Guillaume Laporte <guillaume.laporte.adm@gmail.com> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> +Kumar Chaudhary, Naveen <naveen.kumar.chaudhary@intel.com> +Mark Wielaard <mark@klomp.org> +Matthew Bobrowski <mbobrowski@mbobrowski.org> +Matthew Kenigsberg <matthewkenigsberg@gmail.com> +Matthias Hertel <Matthias.Hertel@rohde-schwarz.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michal Sekletar <msekleta@redhat.com> +Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> +Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com> +Petr Vaněk <arkamar@atlas.cz> +Sami Kerola <kerolasa@iki.fi> +Shawn Landden <shawn@git.icu> +Thorsten Glaser <tg@mirbsd.de> +Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch> +Tomas Skäre <tomas.skare@gmail.com> +Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@cn.fujitsu.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +fanotify.7 +fanotify_init.2 +fanotify_mark.2 + Matthew Bobrowski [Amir Goldstein, Jan Kara] + Document FAN_REPORT_FID and directory modification events + +vdso.7 + Tobias Klauser [Palmer Dabbelt] + Document vDSO for RISCV + +Renamed pages +------------- + +sysvipc.7 + svipc(7) is renamed to sysvipc(7). + The name sysvipc is a bit more natural, and is the name used in + /proc/sysvipc. + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +svipc.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add old name of sysvipc(7) page as a link + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Change reference to svipc(7) to sysvipc(7) + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +pldd.1 + G. Branden Robinson [Michael Kerrisk] + Document glibc's unbreakage of tool + After a longstanding breakage, pldd now works again (glibc 2.30). + +bpf.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Correct kernel version for JIT support on s390 + +chdir.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add ENOTDIR error for fchdir() + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov] + Since Linux 5.1, the limit on the #! line is 255 chars (rather than 127) + Shawn Landden [Michael Kerrisk] + Add more detail about Shebangs + Michael Kerrisk + Linux is not alone in ignoring the set-UID and set-GID bits for scripts + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: Add a couple of EINVAL errors for MS_MOVE + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add chroot(2) and pivot_root(2) + +mprotect.2 + Mark Wielaard + pkey_mprotect() acts like mprotect() if pkey is set to -1, not 0 + +mprotect.2 +pkey_alloc.2 + Mark Wielaard [Florian Weimer] + _GNU_SOURCE is required for the pkey functions. + +pivot_root.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: EINVAL occurs if 'new_root' or its parent has shared propagation + Michael Kerrisk + 'new_root' must be a mount point + It appears that 'new_root' may not have needed to be a mount + point on ancient kernels, but already in Linux 2.4.5 this changed. + Michael Kerrisk + 'put_old' can't be a mount point with MS_SHARED propagation + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add mount(2) + +poll.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Alan Stern] + Note that poll() equivalent code for ppoll() is not quite equivalent + +prctl.2 + Yang Xu [Cyrill Gorcunov] + Correct some details for PR_SET_TIMERSLACK + +setxattr.2 + Finn O'Leary [Michael Kerrisk] + Add ERANGE to 'ERRORS' section + +tkill.2 + Michael Kerrisk + glibc 2.30 provides a wrapper for tgkill() + +dlopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify the rules for symbol resolution in a dlopen'ed object + The existing text wrongly implied that symbol look up first + occurred in the object and then in main, and did not mention + whether dependencies of main where used for symbol resolution. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify when an executable's symbols can be used for symbol resolution + The --export-dynamic linker option is not the only way that main's + global symbols may end up in the dynamic symbol table and thus be + used to satisfy symbol reference in a shared object. A symbol + may also be placed into the dynamic symbol table if ld(1) + notices a dependency in another object during the static link. + Michael Kerrisk + An object opened with RTLD_LOCAL can be promoted to RTLD_GLOBAL + Michael Kerrisk + Note that symbol use might keep a dlclose'd object in memory + Michael Kerrisk + On dlclose(), destructors are called when reference count falls to 0 + Michael Kerrisk + Make it clear that RTLD_NODELETE also affects global variables + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that constructors are called only when library is first loaded + +exec.3 + Matthew Kenigsberg + Explain function groupings + I've found the exec man page quite difficult to read when trying + to find the behavior for a specific function. Since the names of + the functions are inline and the order of the descriptions isn't + clear, it's hard to find which paragraphs apply to each function. + I thought it would be much easier to read if the grouping based on + letters is stated. + +getutent.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Thorsten Glaser] + Fix missing include file in EXAMPLE + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=932382 + +on_exit.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Sami Kerola] + Stack variables may be out of scope when exit handler is invoked + +strcat.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Sanchis] + Fix off-by-one error in example code + +cpuid.4 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add cpuid(1) + +elf.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ld.so(8) + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Correct description of /proc/PID/status 'ShdPnd' and 'SigPnd' fields + These fields are signal masks, not counters. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that various mask fields in /proc/PID/status are in hexadecimal + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a note about using strace on binaries that have capabilities + Michael Kerrisk + Add pivot_root(2) to CAP_SYS_ADMIN list + Michael Kerrisk + CAP_FOWNER also allows modifying user xattrs on sticky directories + +cgroup_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Some wording fixes to improve clarity + Michael Kerrisk + In the example shell session, give second shell a different prompt + +credentials.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that /proc/PID/status shows a process's credentials + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add tcgetsid(3) + +fanotify.7 + Matthew Bobrowski + Reword FAN_REPORT_FID data structure inclusion semantics + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify logic in ESTALE check + Michael Kerrisk + Reorder text in EXAMPLE + Michael Kerrisk + Reformat program output to fit in 80 columns + +mount_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify implications for other NS if mount point is removed in one NS + If a mount point is deleted or renamed or removed in one mount + namespace, this will cause an object that is mounted at that + location in another mount namespace to be unmounted (as verified + by experiment). This was implied by the existing text, but it is + better to make this detail explicit. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pivot_root(2), pivot_root(8) + +namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note initial values of hostname and domainname in a new UTS namespace + +sched.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pthread_getschedparam(3) + +signal.7 + Michal Sekletar [Oleg Nesterov, Michael Kerrisk] + Clarify that siginfo_t isn't changed on coalescing + Michael Kerrisk + Various fields in /proc/PID/status show signal-related information + Michael Kerrisk + Add subsection on queuing and delivery semantics for standard signals + +socket.7 + Michael Kerrisk + select()/poll()/epoll honor SO_RCVLOWAT since Linux 2.6.28 + +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note SCM_RIGHTS interaction with RLIMIT_NOFILE + If the file descriptors received in SCM_RIGHTS would cause + the process to its exceed RLIMIT_NOFILE limit, the excess + FDs are discarded. + +user_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe the effect of file-related capabilities inside user namespaces + Michael Kerrisk + Describe how kernel treats UIDs/GIDs when a process accesses files + +vdso.7 + Tobias Klauser + Mention removal of Blackfin port in Linux 4.17 + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk [Matthias Hertel] + Note some further details of secure-execution mode + Note some further details of the treatment of environment + variables in secure execution mode. In particular (as noted by + Matthias Hertel), note that ignored environment variables are also + stripped from the environment. Furthermore, there are some other + variables, not used by the dynamic linker itself, that are also + treated in this way (see the glibc source file + sysdeps/generic/unsecvars.h). + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-5.03 ==================== + +Released: 2019-10-11, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Adam Borowski <kilobyte@angband.pl> +Aleksa Sarai <asarai@suse.de> +Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com> +Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com> +Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Christian Brauner <christian@brauner.io> +Christopher M. Riedl <cmr@informatik.wtf> +Daniel Colascione <dancol@google.com> +Dave Carroll <david.carroll@microsemi.com> +Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> +Дилян Палаузов <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org> +Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org> +Don Brace <don.brace@microsemi.com> +eponymous alias <eponymousalias@yahoo.com> +Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> +Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> +Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de> +Florin Blanaru <florin.blanaru96@gmail.com> +Gilbert Wu <gilbert.wu@microsemi.com> +Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@usta.de> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Kevin Barnett <kevin.barnett@microsemi.com> +Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com> +Matti Moell <Matti.Moell@opensynergy.com> +Matti Möll <Matti.Moell@opensynergy.com> +Matt Perricone <matt.perricone@microsemi.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Murthy Bhat <Murthy.Bhat@microsemi.com> +Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com> +nilsocket <nilsocket@gmail.com> +Paul Wise <pabs3@bonedaddy.net> +Philipp Wendler <ml@philippwendler.de> +Raphael Moreira Zinsly <rzinsly@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Rasmus Villemoes <rv@rasmusvillemoes.dk> +Reid Priedhorsky <reidpr@lanl.gov> +Rick Stanley <rstanley@rsiny.com> +Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> +Scott Benesh <scott.benesh@microsemi.com> +Scott Teel <scott.teel@microsemi.com> +Shawn Anastasio <shawn@anastas.io> +Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it> +Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net> +Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@cn.fujitsu.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +pidfd_open.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner, Florian Weimer, Daniel Colascione] + New page documenting pidfd_open(2) + +pidfd_send_signal.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Christian Brauner] + New page documenting pidfd_send_signal(2) + +pivot_root.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman, Reid Priedhorsky, Philipp Wendler] + This page has been completely rewritten, adding a lot of missing + details (including the use of pivot_root(".", ".")) and an example + program. In addition, the text prevaricating on whether or not + pivot_root() might change the root and current working directories has + been eliminated, and replaced with a simple description of the behavior + of the system call, which has not changed for 19 years, and will not + change in the future. Many longstanding errors in the old version of + the page have also been corrected. + +ipc_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New page with content migrated from namespaces(7) + +uts_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + New page with content migrated from namespaces(7) + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +clone.2 + Christian Brauner, Michael Kerrisk + Document CLONE_PIDFD + Add an entry for CLONE_PIDFD. This flag is available starting + with kernel 5.2. If specified, a process file descriptor + ("pidfd") referring to the child process will be returned in + the ptid argument. + +fanotify_mark.2 + Jakub Wilk + Document FAN_MOVE_SELF + +ptrace.2 + Dmitry V. Levin [Michael Kerrisk] + Document PTRACE_GET_SYSCALL_INFO + +regex.3 + Rob Landley + Document REG_STARTEND + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +res_nclose.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add NEW link to resolver.3 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: correct list order + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Remove section number from references to function in its own page + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: correct alphabetical order + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +localedef.1 + Marko Myllynen + Describe recently added options + Describe few recently added options (present in glibc-2.29). + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pidfd_open(2) + +copy_file_range.2 + Amir Goldstein [Dave Chinner] + Kernel v5.3 updates + +fanotify_mark.2 + Jakub Wilk + Add kernel version numbers for some FAN_* constants + +getdomainname.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add mention of UTS namespaces + +gethostname.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk] + Mention UTS namespaces + +io_submit.2 + Matti Moell [Matti Möll] + Fix kernel version numbers for 'aio_rw_flags' flags + +kill.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pidfd_send_signal(2) + +mmap.2 + Nikola Forró + Fix EINVAL conditions + Since introduction of MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE, in case flags contain + both MAP_PRIVATE and MAP_SHARED, mmap() doesn't fail with EINVAL, + it succeeds. + + The reason for that is that MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE is in fact equal + to MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_SHARED. + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Reid Priedhorsky] + Describe the concept of "parent mounts" + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: add subsection heading for /proc/[pid]/{mounts,mountinfo} + Michael Kerrisk + Rework the text on mount namespaces a little + Eliminate the term "Per-process namespaces" and add a reference + to mount_namespaces(7). + +move_pages.2 + Yang Xu [Michael Kerrisk] + Mark E2BIG as deprecated + E2BIG was removed in 2.6.29, we should mark it as deprecated. + +perf_event_open.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Alexey Budankov] + SEE ALSO: add Documentation/admin-guide/perf-security.rst + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that PR_GET_SPECULATION_CTRL returns value as function result + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that PR_MCE_KILL_GET returns value via function result + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that PR_GET_FP_MODE returns value as function result + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: add some missing entries + Note success return for PR_GET_SPECULATION_CTRL and PR_GET_FP_MODE. + +rt_sigqueueinfo.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'si_code' can't be specified as SI_KERNEL + Michael Kerrisk + The rules for 'si_code' don't apply when sending a signal to oneself + The restriction on what values may be specified in 'si_code' + apply only when sending a signal to a process other than the + caller itself. + Michael Kerrisk + Rename 'uinfo' argument to 'info' + This is more consistent with the naming in other pages + that refer to a 'siginfo_t' structure. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pidfd_send_signal(2) + +sched_setaffinity.2 + Michael Kerrisk + RETURN VALUE: sched_getaffinity() syscall differs from the wrapper + +setns.2 + Mike Frysinger + Fix CLONE_NEWNS restriction info + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pidfd_send_signal(2) + +signalfd.2 + Andrew Clayton, Michael Kerrisk + Note about interactions with epoll & fork + +statx.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] + Clarify details of a case where an invalid 'mask' value may be rejected + +syscall.2 + Shawn Anastasio + Add information for powerpc64 + Michael Kerrisk [Adam Borowski, Florin Blanaru] + Update name of syscall instruction for riscv + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add fsconfig(), fsmount(), fsopen(), fspick(), move_mount(), open_tree() + Michael Kerrisk [(), Michael(), Kerrisk(),] + Add new syscalls in 5.1 + Add io_uring_enter(), io_uring_register(), io_uring_setup(), and + pidfd_send_signal(). + Michael Kerrisk + Add clone3() and pidfd_open() + +uname.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Replace reference to namespaces(7) with reference to uts_namespaces(7) + +errno.3 + Rasmus Villemoes + Add some comments on EAGAIN/EWOULDBLOCK and EDEADLK/EDEADLOCK + +fexecve.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] + ENOSYS occurs only if the kernel provides no execveat() syscall + Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] + ERRORS: add ENOENT + +getauxval.3 + Raphael Moreira Zinsly + Add new cache geometry entries + +printf.3 + Vincent Lefevre + Add detail on the first digit with the %e format + +pthread_setcancelstate.3 +pthreads.7 +signal-safety.7 + Carlos O'Donell + Describe issues with cancellation points in signal handlers + +strtok.3 + Michael Kerrisk [eponymous alias] + Correct description of use of 'saveptr' argument in strtok_r() + Michael Kerrisk [eponymous alias] + The caller should not modify 'saveptr' between strtok_r() calls + Michael Kerrisk + Add portability note for strtok_r() '*saveptr' value + On some implementations, '*saveptr' must be NULL on first call + to strtok_r(). + +smartpqi.4 + Murthy Bhat [Don Brace, Kevin Barnett, Matt Perricone, Scott Benesh] + Add sysfs entries + Gilbert Wu [Don Brace, Kevin Barnett, Matt Perricone, Scott Benesh] + Add module param expose ld first + Dave Carroll [Don Brace, Kevin Barnett, Matt Perricone, Scott Benesh] + Add module param to hide vsep + +core.5 + Paul Wise + Explain the new situation with argument splitting + Things changed in Linux v5.3-rc3 commit 315c69261dd3 from + splitting after template expansion to splitting beforehand. + +resolv.conf.5 + Nikola Forró + Update information about search list + Since glibc 2.26, the number of domains in the search list is + no longer limited. + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate and enhance the text on semantic newlines + Michael Kerrisk [Paul Wise] + Paragraphs should not be separated by blank lines + +mount_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Explain how a namespace's mount point list is initialized + Provide a more detailed explanation of the initialization of + the mount point list in a new mount namespace. + Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman] + Clarify description of "less privileged" mount namespaces + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: refer to example in pivot_root(2) + Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman] + It may be desirable to disable propagation after creating a namespace + After creating a new mount namespace, it may be desirable to + disable mount propagation. Give the reader a more explicit + hint about this. + +mq_overview.7 +sysvipc.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Adjust references to namespaces(7) to ipc_namespaces(7) + +namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove content migrated to new ipc_namespaces(7) page + Michael Kerrisk + Remove content migrated to uts_namespaces(7) + Michael Kerrisk + Include manual page references in the summary table of namespace types + Make the page more compact by removing the stub subsections that + list the manual pages for the namespace types. And while we're + here, add an explanation of the table columns. + +operator.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Rick Stanley] + Prefix and postfix ++/-- have different precedences + Harbison and Steele also agree on this. + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Enhance the text on process-directed and thread-directed signals + clone(2) has a good description of these concepts; borrow + from it liberally. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pidfd_send_signal(2) + +user_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Improve explanation of meaning of ownership of nonuser namespaces + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-5.04 ==================== + +Released: 2019-11-19, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Andrew Price <anprice@redhat.com> +Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> +Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> +Kenigbolo Meya Stephen <kenigbol@ut.ee> +Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mikael Magnusson <mikachu@gmail.com> +Robert Edmonds <edmonds@debian.org> +Silviu Popescu <silviupopescu1990@gmail.com> +Torin Carey <torin@tcarey.uk> +Witold Baryluk <witold.baryluk@gmail.com> +Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@cn.fujitsu.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner, Jakub Wilk] + Document clone3() + +wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add P_PIDFD for waiting on a child referred to by a PID file descriptor + +bpf-helpers.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Refresh against kernel v5.4-rc7 + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +clone3.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to clone(2) + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rename arguments for consistency with clone3() + Make the names of the clone() arguments the same as the fields + in the clone3() 'args' struct: + + ctid ==> child_pid + ptid ==> parent_tid + newtls ==> tld + child_stack ==> stack + Michael Kerrisk + Consistently order paragraphs for CLONE_NEW* flags + Sometimes the descriptions of these flags mentioned the + corresponding section 7 namespace manual page and then the + required capabilities, and sometimes the order was the was + the reverse. Make it consistent. + Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner, Jann Horn] + EXAMPLE: Allocate child's stack using mmap(2) rather than malloc(3) + Christian Brauner suggested mmap(MAP_STACK), rather than + malloc(), as the canonical way of allocating a stack for the + child of clone(), and Jann Horn noted some reasons why + (MAP_STACK exists elsewhere, and mmap() returns a page-aligned + block of memory, which is useful if we want to set up a guard + page at the end of the stack). + Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner] + Tidy up the description of CLONE_DETACHED + The obsolete CLONE_DETACHED flag has never been properly + documented, but now the discussion CLONE_PIDFD also requires + mention of CLONE_DETACHED. So, properly document CLONE_DETACHED, + and mention its interactions with CLONE_PIDFD. + Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner] + Give the introductory paragraph a new coat of paint + Change the text in the introductory paragraph (which was written + 20 years ago) to reflect the fact that clone*() does more things + nowadays. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove wording that suggests CLONE_NEW* flags are for containers + These flags are used for implementing many other interesting + things by now. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove various details that are already covered in namespaces pages + Remove details of UTS, IPC, and network namespaces that are + already covered in the corresponding namespaces pages in section 7. + +clone.2 +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Adjust references to namespaces(7) + Adjust references to namespaces(7) to be references to pages + describing specific namespace types. + +fallocate.2 + Andrew Price + Add gfs2 to the list of punch hole-capable filesystems + +ioctl_iflags.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Robert Edmonds] + Emphasize that FS_IOC_GETFLAGS and FS_IOC_SETFLAGS argument is 'int *' + +ioctl_list.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to ioctl(2) SEE ALSO section + The referenced section lists various pages that document ioctls. + +mmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that MAP_STACK exists on some other systems + Michael Kerrisk + Some rewording of the description of MAP_STACK + Reword a little to allow for the fact that there are now + *two* reasons to consider using this flag. + +pidfd_open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note the waitid() use case for PID file descriptors + Michael Kerrisk + Add a subsection header "Use cases for PID file descriptors" + Michael Kerrisk + Make it a little more explicit the CLONE_PIDFD returns a PID FD + +pivot_root.2 + Michael Kerrisk + EXAMPLE: allocate stack using mmap() MAP_STACK rather than malloc() + +quotactl.2 + Yang Xu [Jan Kara] + Add some details about Q_QUOTAON + +seccomp.2 +cgroups.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Switch to "considerate language" + +select.2 + Michael Kerrisk + POLLIN_SET/POLLOUT_SET/POLLEX_SET are now defined in terms of EPOLL* + Since kernel commit a9a08845e9acbd224e4ee466f5c1275ed50054e8, the + equivalence between select() and poll()/epoll is defined in terms + of the EPOLL* constants, rather than the POLL* constants. + +wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + waitid() can be used to wait on children in same process group as caller + Since Linux 5.4, idtype == P_PGID && id == 0 can be used to wait + on children in same process group as caller. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify semantics of waitpid(0, ...) + As noted in kernel commit 821cc7b0b205c0df64cce59aacc330af251fa8f7, + threads create an ambiguity: what if the calling process's PGID + is changed by another thread while waitpid(0, ...) is blocked? + So, clarify that waitpid(0, ...) means wait for children whose + PGID matches the caller's PGID at the time of the call to + waitpid(). + +getauxval.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Witold Baryluk] + Clarify that AT_BASE_PLATFORM and AT_EXECFN return pointers to strings + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=942207 + +resolv.conf.5 + Florian Weimer + Attempt clarify domain/search interaction + The domain directive is historic at this point; it should not + be used. + +netdevice.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Silviu Popescu] + Small wording fix in description of SIOCGIFCONF + SIOCGIFCONF returns "network layer" addresses (not "transport + layer"). + +uts_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a little more detail on scope of UTS namespaces + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-5.05 ==================== + +Released: 2020-02-09, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Adam Borowski <kilobyte@angband.pl> +Adrian Reber <areber@redhat.com> +Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> +Antonin Décimo <antonin.decimo@gmail.com> +Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org> +Brennan Vincent <brennan@materialize.io> +Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com> +Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com> +Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz> +Daniel Colascione <dancol@google.com> +Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> +DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com> +Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jashank Jeremy <jashank@rulingia.com.au> +Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org> +John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> +John Jones <jmjatlanta@gmail.com> +Joseph C. Sible <josephcsible@gmail.com> +kevin sztern <kevin.sztern@epita.fr> +Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com> +markus T Metzger <markus.t.metzger@intel.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Mike Salvatore <mike.salvatore@canonical.com> +Mikhail Golubev <Mikhail.Golubev@opensynergy.com> +Nick Shipp <ns@segbrk.com> +Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com> +Peter Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz> +Petr Vorel <pvorel@suse.cz> +Ponnuvel Palaniyappan <pponnuvel@gmail.com> +Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> +Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com> +Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org> +Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com> +Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com> +Weitian LI <liweitianux@live.com> +Will <cassis@tricolore.lu> +Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@cn.fujitsu.com> +Yu Jian Wu <yujian.wu1@gmail.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +clone.2 + Adrian Reber [Christian Brauner, Michael Kerrisk] + Add clone3() set_tid information + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLONE_CLEAR_SIGHAND + +fcntl.2 + Joel Fernandes [Michael Kerrisk] + Update manpage with new memfd F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE seal + +memfd_create.2 + Joel Fernandes + Update manpage with new memfd F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE seal + +loop.4 + Yang Xu + Document LOOP_SET_BLOCK_SIZE + Yang Xu + Document LOOP_SET_DIRECT_IO + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/vm/unprivileged_userfaultfd + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +capget.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Yang Xu] + Add missing details in EPERM error for setting inheritable capabilities + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that CLONE_THREAD causes similar behavior to CLONE_PARENT + The introductory paragraphs note that "the calling process" is + normally synonymous with the "the parent process", except in the + case of CLONE_PARENT. The same is also true of CLONE_THREAD. + Christian Brauner [Michael Kerrisk] + Mention that CLONE_PARENT is off-limits for inits + Michael Kerrisk [Colin Ian King] + Add old EINVAL error for AArch64 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EINVAL for use of CLONE_PARENT by an init process + +futex.2 + Ponnuvel Palaniyappan + Fix a bug in the example + +listen.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Peter Gajdos] + The 'somaxconn' default value has increased to 4096 + +modify_ldt.2 +set_thread_area.2 + Andy Lutomirski [Markus T Metzger] + Fix type of base_addr + +move_pages.2 + John Hubbard [Michal Hocko] + Remove ENOENT from the list of possible return values + +open.2 + Adam Borowski + No need for /proc to make an O_TMPFILE file permanent + In the example snippet, we already have the fd, thus there's no + need to refer to the file by name. And, /proc/ might be not + mounted or not accessible. + Michael Kerrisk [Joseph C. Sible] + In O_TMPFILE example, describe alternative linkat() call + This was already shown in an earlier version of the page, + but Adam Borowski's patch replaced it with an alternative. + Probably, it is better to show both possibilities. + +perf_event_open.2 + Daniel Colascione + Mention EINTR for perf_event_open + +ptrace.2 + Denys Vlasenko + PTRACE_EVENT_STOP does not always report SIGTRAP + +quotactl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Don't show numeric values of Q_XQUOTAON XFS_QUOTA_?DQ_* flags + The programmer should not need to care about the numeric values, + and their inclusion is verbosity. + Yang Xu [Michael Kerrisk] + Add EINVAL error of Q_XQUOTARM operation + +stime.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that stime() is deprecated + +syscall.2 + Petr Vorel [Cyril Hrubis] + Update feature test macro requirements + +sysctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + This system call was removed in Linux 5.5; adjust the page accordingly + +userfaultfd.2 + Yang Xu [Michael Kerrisk] + Add EPERM error + +cmsg.3 + Rich Felker + Clarify alignment issues and correct method of accessing CMSG_DATA() + From an email by Rich Felker: + + It came to my attention while reviewing possible breakage with + move to 64-bit time_t that some applications are dereferencing + data in socket control messages (particularly SCM_TIMESTAMP*) + in-place as the message type, rather than memcpy'ing it to + appropriate storage. This necessarily does not work and is not + supportable if the message contains data with greater alignment + requirement than the header. In particular, on 32-bit archs, + cmsghdr has size 12 and alignment 4, but struct timeval and + timespec may have alignment requirement 8. + Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] + Modify CMSG_DATA() example to use memcpy() + See previous patch to this page for rationale + +exit.3 + Benjamin Peterson [Mike Frysinger] + Use hex for the status mask + +ftime.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that this function is deprecated + +getpt.3 + Samuel Thibault + Remove mention of O_NOCTTY + The glibc implementation of getpt has actually never been setting + +malloc.3 + Vegard Nossum + Clarify realloc() return value + Petr Vorel + Remove duplicate _GNU_SOURCE + +console_codes.4 + Adam Borowski + Document \e[90m to 97, 100 to 107 + Adam Borowski + \e[21m is now underline + Since 65d9982d7e523a1a8e7c9af012da0d166f72fc56 (4.17), it follows + xterm rather than common sense and consistency, being the only + command 1..9 where N+20 doesn't undo what N did. As libvte + 0.51.90 got changed the same way, this behaviour will probably + stay. + Adam Borowski + Update \e[38m and \e[48m + Supported since cec5b2a97a11ade56a701e83044d0a2a984c67b4 (3.16). + +cgroups.7 + Michael Kerrisk + The v2 freezer controller was added in Linux 5.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Split discussion of cgroups.events file and v2 release notification + In preparation for adding a description of the "frozen" key. + Michael Kerrisk + Describe the cgroup.events "frozen" key + Michael Kerrisk + Improve the discussion of the advantages of v2 release notification + +inotify.7 + Nick Shipp + Merge late perror() into fprintf() in example code + +netlink.7 + Antonin Décimo + Fix alignment issue in example + +packet.7 + kevin sztern [Michael Kerrisk] + Add missing tpacket_auxdata field (tp_vlan_tpid) + +rtnetlink.7 + Antonin Décimo + ifa_index is an unsigned int + +tcp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + tcp_low_latency is ignored since Linux 4.14 + +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk + The PID sent with SCM_CREDENTIALS must match an existing process + +vsock.7 + Mikhail Golubev [Michael Kerrisk] + Add missing structure element + The structure 'struct sockaddr_vm' has additional element + 'unsigned char svm_zero[]' since version v3.9-rc1. + +ldconfig.8 + DJ Delorie + Document file filter and symlink pattern expectations + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-5.06 ==================== + +Released: 2020-04-11, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org> +Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com> +Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de> +Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> +André Almeida <andrealmeid@collabora.com> +Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com> +Andrew Micallef <andrew.micallef@live.com.au> +Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org> +Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org> +Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is> +Christian Brauner <christian@brauner.io> +devi R.K <devi.feb27@gmail.com> +Dmitry Safonov <dima@arista.com> +Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> +Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> +Eric Rannaud <e@nanocritical.com> +Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jorgen Hansen <jhansen@vmware.com> +Julia Suvorova <jusual@mail.ru> +Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com> +Krzysztof Małysa <varqox@gmail.com> +Marc Lehmann <debian-reportbug@plan9.de> +Matthew Bobrowski <mbobrowski@mbobrowski.org> +Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> +Michael Galassi <michael@galassi.us> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> +Mike Christie <mchristi@redhat.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Pablo M. Ronchi <pmronchi@yahoo.com.ar> +Ricardo Biehl Pasquali <pasqualirb@gmail.com> +Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> +Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com> +Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> +Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de> +Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +openat2.2 + Aleksa Sarai [Michael Kerrisk] + Document new openat2(2) syscall + +pidfd_getfd.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner] + New manual page documenting the pidfd_getfd() system call + +select.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite DESCRIPTION + Improve structure and readability, at the same time incorporating + text and details that were formerly in select_tut(2). Also + move a few details in other parts of the page into DESCRIPTION. + Michael Kerrisk + Consolidate the discussion of pselect into a headed subsection + Michael Kerrisk + Consolidate historical glibc pselect() details under one subhead + Michael Kerrisk + Consolidate info on usleep() emulation in one place + Michael Kerrisk + Place the discussion of the self-pipe technique in a headed subsection + Michael Kerrisk + Note that FD_SET() and FD_CLR() do not return errors + Michael Kerrisk + Remove details of historical #include requirements + The POSIX situation has been the norm for a long time now, + and including ancient details overcomplicates the page. + Michael Kerrisk + Remove some ancient information about pre-POSIX types for 'timeout' + +select_tut.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Eliminate duplication of info across select_tut.2 and select2 + There was a lot of a duplication of info in SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION + RETURN VALUE, and SEE ALSO. Move all of the info to one place: + the select(2) page. + +sysvipc.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite this page as just a summary of the System V IPC APIs + All of the other details in this page have by now been moved into + the relevant *ctl(2) pages. + +time_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Andrei Vagin, Dmitry Safonov, Thomas Gleixner] + New page documenting time namespaces + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +arch_prctl.2 + Keno Fischer + Add ARCH_SET_CPUID subcommand + +clock_getres.2 + Benjamin Peterson + Document CLOCK_TAI + Michael Kerrisk + Add CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM + +prctl.2 + Mike Christie [Michal Hocko, Michael Kerrisk, Bart Van Assche] + Document PR_SETIO_FLUSHER/GET_IO_FLUSHER + +setns.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLONE_NEWTIME + +statx.2 + Eric Biggers + Document STATX_ATTR_VERITY + +unshare.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document CLONE_NEWTIME + +socket.7 + Ricardo Biehl Pasquali, Michael Kerrisk + Add description of SO_SELECT_ERR_QUEUE + Alejandro Colomar [Michael Kerrisk] + Document SO_TIMESTAMPNS + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Remove a few mentions of the ancient "Linux libc" + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Global formatting fix: disfavor nonstandard .TP indents + In many cases, these don't improve readability, and (when stacked) + they sometimes have the side effect of sometimes forcing text + to be justified within a narrow column range. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner] + Fix clumsy wording around "nonnegative file descriptors" + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +clock_getres.2 + Helge Deller [Michael Kerrisk] + Consecutive calls for CLOCK_MONOTONIC may return same value + Consecutive calls to clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) are guaranteed + to return MONOTONIC values, which means that they either return + the *SAME* time value like the last call, or a later (higher) time + value. + Eric Rannaud + Dynamic POSIX clock devices can return other errors + Michael Kerrisk + Improve description of CPU-time clocks + Michael Kerrisk + Add an example program + Michael Kerrisk + CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE is not settable + Michael Kerrisk + Note that CPU-time clocks are not settable. + Explicitly note that CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and + CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID are not settable. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that CLOCK_TAI is nonsettable + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that CLOCK_MONOTONIC is system-wide + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EINVAL for attempt to set a nonsettable clock + Michael Kerrisk + Move text in BUGS to NOTES + The fact that CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and + CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID are not settable isn't a bug, + since POSIX does allow the possibility that these clocks + are not settable. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add time_namespaces(7) + +clock_nanosleep.2 + Michael Kerrisk + clock_nanosleep() can also sleep against CLOCK_TAI + Michael Kerrisk + clock_nanosleep() also supports CLOCK_BOOTTIME + Presumably (and from a quick glance at the source code) + since Linux 2.6.39, when CLOCK_BOOTTIME was introduced. + +clock_nanosleep.2 +timer_create.2 +timerfd_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add various missing errors + Mostly verified by testing and reading the code. + + There is unfortunately quite a bit of inconsistency across API~s: + + clock_gettime clock_settime clock_nanosleep timer_create timerfd_create + + CLOCK_BOOTTIME y n (EINVAL) y y y + CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM y n (EINVAL) y [1] y [1] y [1] + CLOCK_MONOTONIC y n (EINVAL) y y y + CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE y n (EINVAL) n (ENOTSUP) n (ENOTSUP) n (EINVAL) + CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW y n (EINVAL) n (ENOTSUP) n (ENOTSUP) n (EINVAL) + CLOCK_REALTIME y y y y y + CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM y n (EINVAL) y [1] y [1] y [1] + CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE y n (EINVAL) n (ENOTSUP) n (ENOTSUP) n (EINVAL) + CLOCK_TAI y n (EINVAL) y y n (EINVAL) + CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID y n (EINVAL) y y n (EINVAL) + CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID y n (EINVAL) n (EINVAL [2]) y n (EINVAL) + pthread_getcpuclockid() y n (EINVAL) y y n (EINVAL) + + [1] The caller must have CAP_WAKE_ALARM, or the error EPERM results. + + [2] This error is generated in the glibc wrapper. + +connect.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Dumazet] + Update the details on AF_UNSPEC + Update the details on AF_UNSPEC and circumstances in which + socket can be reconnected. + +dup.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pidfd_getfd(2) + +epoll_ctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Various minor additions and clarifications + +epoll_wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + A few minor additions and rewrites + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a subhead for the discussion of effect on process attributes + Michael Kerrisk + Explicitly note that argv[argc] == NULL in the new program + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: ENOENT does not occur for missing shared libraries + See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12241. + +_exit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that raw _exit() system call terminates only the calling thread + +inotify_add_watch.2 + Michael Kerrisk + EXAMPLE: add reference to example in inotify(7) + +io_submit.2 + Julia Suvorova + Add IOCB_CMD_POLL opcode + +lseek.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Matthew Wilcox] + ERRORS: ENXIO can also occur SEEK_DATA in middle of hole at end of file + +madvise.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Arcangeli] + Incorporate some (ancient) comments about MADV_HUGEPAGE + Back in 2011, a mail from Andrea Arcangeli noted some details + that I never got round to incorporating into the manual page. + +mmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a subhead for the 'flags' argument + Michael Kerrisk + Move some text hidden at the end of DESCRIPTION to NOTES + +msgctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add information on permission bits (based on sysvipc(7) text) + Michael Kerrisk + Copy information on 'msqid_ds' fields from sysvipc(7) + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that O_NOFOLLOW is relevant (only) for basename of 'pathname' + Aleksa Sarai + Add references to new openat2(2) page + Michael Kerrisk + Note EINVAL error for invalid character in basename of 'pathname' + +pidfd_open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention pidfd_getfd(2) + +poll.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add an example program + Michael Kerrisk + Mention epoll(7) in the introductory paragraph + Michael Kerrisk + Improve description of EFAULT error + Michael Kerrisk + Fix description of ENOMEM error + +select_tut.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Adjust header file includes in example + Employ <sys/select.h>, rather than the historical header files. + +semctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Copy information on 'semid_ds' fields from sysvipc(7) + Michael Kerrisk + Add a reference to the example in shmop(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Add information on permission bits (based on sysvipc(7) text) + +semget.2 + Michael Kerrisk + EXAMPLE: add an example program + +semop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a reference to the semop(2) example in shmop(2) + +shmctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add information on permission bits (based on sysvipc(7) text) + Michael Kerrisk + Note that execute permission is not needed for shmat() SHM_EXEC + Michael Kerrisk + Copy information on 'shmid_ds' fields from sysvipc(7) + Michael Kerrisk + Some small improvements to the description of the 'shmid_ds' structure + +shmget.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a reference to the example in shmop(2) + +shmop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + EXAMPLE: add a pair of example programs + Add example programs demonstrating usage of shmget(2), shmat(2), + semget(2), semctl(2), and semop(2). + +sigaction.2 +signal.7 + Zack Weinberg + Document kernel bugs in delivery of signals from CPU exceptions + +stat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify definitions of timestamp fields + In particular, make it clear that atime and mtime relate to the + file *data*. + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add new Linux 5.6 system calls + Michael Kerrisk + Note that the 5.x series followed 4.20 + +timer_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + timer_create(2) also supports CLOCK_TAI + Michael Kerrisk + Mention clock_getres(2) for further details on the various clocks + +timerfd_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Gleixner] + Note a case where timerfd_settime() can fail with ECANCELED + Michael Kerrisk [devi R.K, Thomas Gleixner] + Negative changes to CLOCK_REALTIME may cause read() to return 0 + Michael Kerrisk + Rework text for EINVAL for invalid clock ID + Michael Kerrisk + Refer reader to clock_getres(2) for further details on the clocks + +unshare.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add CLONE_NEWCGROUP and CLONE_NEWTIME to example program + +exit.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms] + Small improvement to the discussion of 'status' argument + +ftok.3 + Michael Kerrisk + EXAMPLE: add a reference to the example in semget(2) + +getifaddrs.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Michael Galassi] + EXAMPLE: remove unneeded loop variable + +nl_langinfo.3 + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Document era-related locale elements + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Add information about AM/PM time format locale elements + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Mention the respective strftime(3) conversion specifications + +sem_init.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add references to example code in shm_open(3) and sem_wait(3) + +sem_post.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a reference to code example code in shm_open(3) + +shm_open.3 + Michael Kerrisk + EXAMPLE: add some example programs + +strcmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add an example program + Michael Kerrisk [Andrew Micallef, Walter Harms] + Rework text describing return value to be clearer + Michael Kerrisk + Note that the comparison is done using unsigned char + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ascii(7) + +strftime.3 + Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk] + Refer to the relevant nl_langinfo(3) items + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Expand %E and %O description + Eugene Syromyatnikov + Consistently document fall-back format string + +proc.5 + Mike Frysinger + Clarify /proc/[pid]/cmdline mutability + +cgroups.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Update list of cgroups v2 controllers + Update the list of cgroups v2 controllers (several controllers + were missing). + Michael Kerrisk + Add a subsection on cgroup v2 mount options and include 'nsdelegate' + Michael Kerrisk + Document the cgroups v2 'memory_localevents' mount option + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst + +namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add time namespaces information + Michael Kerrisk + Eliminate some superfluous info from display of /proc/PID/ns links + +path_resolution.7 + Aleksa Sarai + Update to mention openat2(2) features + +socket.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note SCM message types for SO_TIMESTAMP and SO_TIMESTAMPNS + +tcp.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: mention Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + +time.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add small subsection on clocks and time namespaces + +unix.7 + Heinrich Schuchardt + Correct example + +vsock.7 + Stefano Garzarella [Jorgen Hansen, Stefan Hajnoczi] + Add VMADDR_CID_LOCAL description + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-5.07 ==================== + +Released: 2020-06-09, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Achilles Gaikwad <agaikwad@redhat.com> +Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org> +Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com> +Alexander Monakov <amonakov@ispras.ru> +Alexander Morozov <alexandermv@gmail.com> +Alexopo Seid <alexopo.ceid@gmail.com> +Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com> +Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> +Andrea Galbusera <gizero@gmail.com> +Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> +Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com> +Brian Geffon <bgeffon@google.com> +Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org> +Chris Lamb <lamby@debian.org> +Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com> +Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> +Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> +David Adam <zanchey@ucc.gu.uwa.edu.au> +Devin J. Pohly <djpohly@gmail.com> +Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org> +Eric Hopper <hopper@omnifarious.org> +Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com> +Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com> +Fabien Siron <fabien.siron@epita.fr> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +Gary Perkins <glperkins@lit.edu> +Geoff Clare <gwc@opengroup.org> +Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.com> +Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de> +Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> +Idan Katz <idanski1@gmail.com> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> +Jan Moskyto Matejka <mq@ucw.cz> +Jason Etherton <jason@ethertonltd.co.uk> +Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> +John Marshall <John.W.Marshall@glasgow.ac.uk> +Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Joseph C. Sible <josephcsible@gmail.com> +Jürgen Sauermann <mail@juergen-sauermann.de> +Kai Mäkisara <kai.makisara@kolumbus.fi> +Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com> +Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name> +Kirill Smelkov <kirr@nexedi.com> +Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com> +Léo Stefanesco <leo.lveb@gmail.com> +Li Xinhai <lixinhai.lxh@gmail.com> +Lokesh Gidra <lokeshgidra@google.com> +Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com> +Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com> +Marco Curreli <marcocurreli@tiscali.it> +Marcus Gelderie <redmnic@gmail.com> +Martin Doucha <mdoucha@suse.cz> +Matthew Bobrowski <mbobrowski@mbobrowski.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> +Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com> +Olivier Gayot <olivier.gayot@sigexec.com> +Ondrej Slamecka <ondrej@slamecka.cz> +Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu> +Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com> +Peter Wu <peter@lekensteyn.nl> +Petr Vorel <pvorel@suse.cz> +Piotr Caban <piotr@codeweavers.com> +Ricardo Castano <ricardo.castano.salinas@gmail.com> +Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com> +Richard Palethorpe <rpalethorpe@suse.com> +Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk> +Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com> +Thierry Lelegard <thierry.lelegard@canal-plus.fr> +Thomas Piekarski <t.piekarski@deloquencia.de> +Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org> +Urs Thuermann <urs@isnogud.escape.de> +Vincent Lefèvre <vincent-srcware@vinc17.net> +Vlad <cvazir@gmail.com> +vrafaeli@msn.com +walter harms <wharms@bfs.de> +Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> +Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> +YunQiang Su <syq@debian.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +ioctl_fslabel.2 + Eric Sandeen + New page documenting filesystem get/set label ioctl(2) operations + + +Removed pages +------------- + +ioctl_list.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt, Eugene Syromyatnikov] + This page was first added more than 20 years ago. Since + that time it has seen hardly any update, and is by now + very much out of date, as reported by Heinrich Schuchardt + and confirmed by Eugene Syromyatnikov. + + As Heinrich says: + + Man-pages like netdevices.7 or ioctl_fat.2 are what is + needed to help a user who does not want to read through the + kernel code. + + If ioctl_list.2 has not been reasonably maintained since + Linux 1.3.27 and hence is not a reliable source of + information, shouldn't it be dropped? + + My answer is, yes (but let's move a little info into ioctl(2)). + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +adjtimex.2 + Arnd Bergmann [Richard Cochran, Michael Kerrisk] + Document clock_adjtime(2) + +clock_getres.2 + Richard Cochran [Michael Kerrisk] + Explain dynamic clocks + +clone.2 + Christian Brauner, Michael Kerrisk + Document the clone3() CLONE_INTO_CGROUP flag + +mremap.2 + Brian Geffon, Michael Kerrisk [Lokesh Gidra] + Document MREMAP_DONTUNMAP + +open.2 + Joseph C. Sible [Michael Kerrisk] + Document fs.protected_fifos and fs.protected_regular + +prctl.2 + Dave Martin + Add PR_SPEC_INDIRECT_BRANCH for SPECULATION_CTRL prctls + Dave Martin + Add PR_SPEC_DISABLE_NOEXEC for SPECULATION_CTRL prctls + Dave Martin + Add PR_PAC_RESET_KEYS (arm64) + +ptrace.2 + Joseph C. Sible + Document PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/fs/protected_regular + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/fs/protected_fifos + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr and /proc/sys/fs/aio-nr + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +clock_adjtime.2 + Arnd Bergmann + New link to adjtimex(2) + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Retitle EXAMPLE section heading to EXAMPLES + EXAMPLES appears to be the wider majority usage across various + projects' manual pages, and is also what is used in the POSIX + manual pages. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Correct bogus POSIX.1 standards names + POSIX.1-2003 ==> POSIX.1-2001 TC1 + POSIX.1-2004 ==> POSIX.1-2001 TC2 + POSIX.1-2013 ==> POSIX.1-2008 TC1 + POSIX.1-2016 ==> POSIX.1-2008 TC2 + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Add section number in page cross-reference. + +Various pages + Kir Kolyshkin + Add missing commas in SEE ALSO + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Remove AVAILABILITY section heading + In the few pages where this heading (which is "nonstandard" within + man-pages) is used, it always immediately follows CONFORMING TO + and generally contains information related to standards. Remove + the section heading, thus incorporating AVAILABILITY into + CONFORMING TO. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Remove section number in page self-references + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Put SEE ALSO entries in alphabetical order + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Place SH sections in standard order + Fix various pages that deviated from the norm described in + man-pages(7). + +Various "aio" pages + Michael Kerrisk [Andi Kleen, Jeff Moyer] + Change uses of aio_context_t to io_context_t + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +bpf.2 + Peter Wu + Update enum bpf_map_type and enum bpf_prog_type + Richard Palethorpe + Change note on unprivileged access + The kernel now allows calls to bpf() without CAP_SYS_ADMIN + under some circumstances. + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel version numbers for clone_args fields + Michael Kerrisk + Combine separate NOTES sections + +close.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Lukas Czerner, Peter Schiffer, Thierry Lelegard] + Note behavior when close() happens in a parallel thread + If one thread is blocked in an I/O system call on a file descriptor + that is closed in another thread, then the blocking system call + does not return immediately, but rather when the I/O operation + completes. This surprises some people, but is longstanding + behavior. + +connect.2 + Stefan Puiu + Can return EACCES because of SELinux + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Hopper] + Changes to the "dumpable" flag may change ownership of /proc/PID files + Michael Kerrisk + Improve/correct discussion of changes to dumpable flag during execve(2) + The details were not quite accurate. Defer to prctl(2) + for the more complete picture. + Nikola Forró + Clarify signal sent to the process on late failure + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add capabilities(7) + +fanotify_init.2 + Amir Goldstein [Matthew Bobrowski] + Move out of place entry FAN_REPORT_FID + It was inserted in the middle of the FAN_CLASS_ multi flags bit + and broke the multi flag documentation. + Michael Kerrisk [Alexander Morozov, Amir Goldstein, Jan Kara] + Remove mention of FAN_Q_OVERFLOW as an input value in 'mask' + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=198569. + Amir Goldstein [Jan Kara, Matthew Bobrowski] + Clarification about FAN_EVENT_ON_CHILD and new events + Amir Goldstein [Jan Kara, Matthew Bobrowski] + Clarification about FAN_MARK_MOUNT and FAN_REPORT_FID + +getdents.2 + Petr Vorel [Michael Kerrisk] + Mention glibc support for getdents64() + Support was added in glibc 2.30. + Chris Lamb + Correct linux_dirent definition in example code + It is "unsigned long" earlier up in the file + +gettid.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Joseph C. Sible] + Document header file and feature test macro requirements for gettid() + +ioctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ioctl_fslabel(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mentions of ioctl_list(2) + Michael Kerrisk + Move subsection on "ioctl structure" from ioctl_list(2) to ioctl(2) + +io_setup.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Tweak description of /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr + +mbind.2 + Li Xinhai [Michael Kerrisk] + Remove note about MPOL_MF_STRICT been ignored + +mmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt] + Don't mark MAP_ANON as deprecated + +move_pages.2 + Yang Shi [Michal Hocko] + Returning positive value is a new error case + +mremap.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mention of "Segmentation fault" in EFAULT text + "Segmentation fault" (SIGSEGV) is not exactly the same thing as + EFAULT. + Michael Kerrisk + Reorder some paragraphs in NOTES + Michael Kerrisk + Move a paragraph from DESCRIPTION to NOTES + +msgctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Correct description of 'msg_ctime' field + Verified by inspecting kernel source. + +nfsservctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add nfsd(7) + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Some '*at' APIs have functionality that isn't in conventional APIs + Note that another reason to use the *at() APIs is to access + 'flags' functionality that is not available in the corresponding + conventional APIs. + Michael Kerrisk + Add a few more APIs to list in "Rationale for openat()..." + There have been a few more dirfd APIs added in recent times. + Michael Kerrisk + Explain ways in which a 'directory file descriptor' can be obtained + Michael Kerrisk + Add openat2() to list of APIs that take a 'dirfd' argument + +openat2.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Aleksa Sarai] + Various changes after feedback from Aleksa Sarai + +poll.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add license to example program + +prctl.2 + Dave Martin + Sort prctls into alphabetical order + Dave Martin + Clarify that prctl can apply to threads + The current synopsis for prctl(2) misleadingly claims that prctl + operates on a process. Rather, some (in fact, most) prctls operate + Dave Martin [Dave Hansen] + Document removal of Intel MPX prctls + Dave Martin + Fix mis-description of thread ID values in procfs + Dave Martin + Work around bogus constant "maxsig" in PR_SET_PDEATHSIG + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to proc(5) for /proc/self/task/[tid]/comm + Dave Martin [Michael Kerrisk] + Add health warning + Dave Martin + Clarify the unsupported hardware case of EINVAL + +rename.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add rename(1) + +s390_runtime_instr.2 + Heiko Carstens [Eugene Syromyatnikov, Michael Kerrisk] + Document signum argument behavior change + Document that the signum argument is ignored in newer kernels, but + that user space should pass a valid real-time signal number for + backwards compatibility. + +semctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Manfred Spraul] + Correct description of sem_ctime field + +semget.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add license to example program + +shmctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Correct 'shm_ctime' description + +shmop.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add license to example programs + +statfs.2 + Michael Kerrisk [David Adam] + Add SMB2 constant to filesystem types list + +syscall.2 + Dave Martin [Will Deacon] + arm64: Fix syscall number register size + Dave Martin [Russell King] + arm: Use real register names for arm/OABI + +sysfs.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add proc(5) and sysfs(5) + +utimensat.2 + Goldwyn Rodrigues + Immutable flag returns EPERM + Linux kernel commit 337684a1746f "fs: return EPERM on immutable + inode" changed the return value of the utimensat(2) from -EACCES + to -EPERM in case of an immutable flag. + +wait4.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update wait3() feature test macro requirements for changes in glibc 2.26 + +cexp2.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Still not present in glibc 2.31 + +cmsg.3 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: note which CMSG_* APIs are in current and upcoming POSIX + +dirfd.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add openat(2) + +dlsym.3 + Alexander Monakov + Extend discussion of NULL symbol values + Avoid implying that use of IFUNC is the only way to produce a + symbol with NULL value. Give more scenarios how a symbol may get + NULL value, but explain that in those scenarios dlsym() will fail + with Glibc's ld.so due to an implementation inconsistency. + +err.3 + Michael Kerrisk + EXAMPLES: use EXIT_FAILURE rather than 1 as exit status + +expm1.3 + Michael Kerrisk + The expm1() bogus underflow floating-point exception has been fixed + See https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6778 + Michael Kerrisk + The bogus invalid floating-point exception bug has been fixed + https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6814. + +fdim.3 + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: these functions did not set errno on some architectures + https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6796 + +ftw.3 + Michael Kerrisk + glibc eventually fixed a regression in FTW_SLN behavior + For details, see: + https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1422736 + http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1121 + https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1422736 + +getauxval.3 + YunQiang Su + MIPS, AT_BASE_PLATFORM passes ISA level + +getdtablesize.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove redundant statement that getdtablesize() is a library function + +malloc.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add 'reallocarray' in NAME + Michael Kerrisk + Add VERSIONS section noting when reallocarray() was added to glibc + +newlocale.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Piotr Caban] + Fix a valgrind issue in example program + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=202977. + +nextafter.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Since glibc 2.23, these functions do set errno + See https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6799. + +posix_spawn.3 + Olivier Gayot [Adhemerval Zanella] + Clarify by using name of steps rather than syscalls + Olivier Gayot [Adhemerval Zanella] + Document implementation using clone() since glibc 2.24 + Olivier Gayot [Adhemerval Zanella] + Document POSIX_SPAWN_USEVFORK + Added a few lines about POSIX_SPAWN_USEVFORK so that it appears + clearly that since glibc 2.24, the flag has no effect. + Olivier Gayot [Adhemerval Zanella] + Document the POSIX_SPAWN_SETSID attribute + +pow.3 + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: pow() performance problem for some (rare) inputs has been fixed + See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13932 + Michael Kerrisk + Several bugs in glibc's pow() implementation were fixed in glibc 2.16 + See https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=3866. + Michael Kerrisk + Add a subheading to mark off historical bugs that are now fixed + +printf.3 + Tobias Stoeckmann + Prevent signed integer overflow in example + +ptsname.3 + Bruno Haible + Fix description of failure behaviour of ptsname_r() + +random.3 + John Marshall + Change "RAND_MAX" tp "2^31-1" + +scalb.3 + Michael Kerrisk + These functions now correctly set errno for the EDOM and ERANGE cases + See https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6803 + and https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6804 + +scalbln.3 + Michael Kerrisk + These functions now correctly set errno for the ERANGE case + See https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6803 + +scanf.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jürgen Sauermann] + Clarify that 'x' specifier allows a 0x/0X prefix in input string + +sem_getvalue.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Galbusera] + Note that glibc's sem_getvalue() doesn't return EINVAL errors + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=204273 + +setlogmask.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that LOG_UPTO() is included in the next POSIX release + +shm_open.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add license to example programs + +sincos.3 + Michael Kerrisk + The glibc implementation does now give EDOM for a domain error + See https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=15467 + +stdarg.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add vprintf(3), vscanf(3), vsyslog(3) + +strcmp.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add license to example programs + +strftime.3 + Urs Thuermann + ISO week number can be 52, add example + +y0.3 + Michael Kerrisk + These functions now correctly diagnose a pole error + https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6807 + Michael Kerrisk + errno is now correctly set to ERANGE on underflow + https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6808 + +loop.4 + Michael Kerrisk [Vlad] + 'lo_flags' is nowadays "r/w" + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=203417 + +veth.4 + Devin J. Pohly + Add a more direct example + iproute2 allows you to specify the netns for either side of a veth + interface at creation time. Add an example of this to veth(4) so + it doesn't sound like you have to move the interfaces in a + separate step. + +core.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] + Mention 'sysctl -w' as a way of changing core_pattern setting + Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] + Note that not dumping core of an unreadable binary is a security measure + Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] + Explain that core_pattern %e is process/thread 'comm' value + The 'comm' value is typically the same as the (possibly + truncated) executable name, but may be something different. + +filesystems.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add sysfs(5) and xfs(5) + +locale.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Helge Kreutzmann] + Improve description of 'first_weekday' + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Note kernel version for /proc/PID/smaps VmFlags "wf" flag + Michael Kerrisk + Add "um" and "uw" to VmFlags in /proc/[pid]/smaps + Michael Kerrisk + Add "mp" to VmFlags in /proc/[pid]/smaps + Michael Kerrisk + Note kernel version that removed /proc/PID/smaps VmFlags "nl" flag + Ian Rogers + Add "wf" to VmFlags in /proc/[pid]/smaps + Michael Kerrisk + Note kernel version for /proc/PID/smaps VmFlags "dd" flag + Michael Kerrisk + Add "sf" to VmFlags in /proc/[pid]/smaps + Michael Kerrisk [Kirill A. Shutemov] + Remove "mp" under VmFlags in /proc/[pid]/smaps + Michael Kerrisk [Eric Hopper] + Alert the reader that UID/GID changes can reset the "dumpable" attribute + Keno Fischer + Fix an outdated note about map_files + The restriction to CAP_SYS_ADMIN was removed from map_files in 2015. + Michael Kerrisk [Helge Kreutzmann] + Better explanation of some /proc/ide fields + Michael Kerrisk + TASK_COMM_LEN limit includes the terminating '\0' + Clarify this detail in the discussion of /proc/[pid]/comm. + Michael Kerrisk + Add a detail to /proc/[pid]/comm + Note the connection to the "%e" specifier in + /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern. + +securetty.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Helge Kreutzmann] + Improve wording of .SH one-line description + +tzfile.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Sync to 2020a tzdb release + From https://www.iana.org/time-zones, version 2020a. + Michael Kerrisk + Explain UT abbreviation + +ascii.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Helge Kreutzmann] + SEE ALSO: fix sort order in entries + +bpf-helpers.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Resync against kernel 5.7 + +cgroups.7 + Marcus Gelderie + Mention cgroup.sane_behavior file + The cgroup.sane_behavior file returns the hard-coded value "0" and + is kept for legacy purposes. Mention this in the man-page. + Michael Kerrisk + Note the existence of the clone3() CLONE_INTO_CGROUP flag + +credentials.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Alert reader that UID/GID changes can affect process capabilities + Michael Kerrisk + Changes to process UIDs/GIDs can effect the "dumpable" attribute + Michael Kerrisk + Add a list of the APIs that change a process's credentials + +fanotify.7 + Amir Goldstein [Jan Kara, Matthew Bobrowski] + Fix fanotify_fid.c example + Michael Kerrisk + Wrap some long lines in example program + +fanotify.7 +fanotify_mark.2 + Amir Goldstein [Matthew Bobrowski] + Clarify FAN_ONDIR in output mask + FAN_ONDIR was an input only flag before introducing + FAN_REPORT_FID. Since the introduction of FAN_REPORT_FID, it can + also be in output mask. + +hier.7 + Thomas Piekarski [Gary Perkins] + Updating from FHS 2.3 to 3.0 + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=206693 + +inotify.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Jason Etherton] + Add missing #include in example program + +ip.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Martin Doucha] + Note a few more valid 'protocol' values + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=204981 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add netdevice(7) + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Rename EXAMPLE to EXAMPLES + Michael Kerrisk + Describe COPYRIGHT section + man-pages doesn't use COPYRIGHT sections in manual pages, but + various projects do. Make some recommendations about placement + of the section. + Michael Kerrisk + Add REPORTING BUGS section + man-pages doesn't have a REPORTING BUGS section in manual pages, + but many other projects do. Make some recommendations about + placement of that section. + Michael Kerrisk + Mention AUTHORS in summary section list + Although man-pages doesn't use AUTHORS sections, many projects do + use an AUTHORS section in their manual pages, so mention it in + man-pages to suggest some guidance on the position at which + to place that section. + +mount_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add mount(8), umount(8) + +namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/user/max_time_namespaces + +netlink.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Idan Katz] + Update path for NETLINK_CONNECTOR docs in kernel source tree + Michael Kerrisk [Fabien Siron] + Note that NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG is preferred over NETLINK_INET_DIAG + +pid_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid is virtualized per PID NS + Michael Kerrisk + Correct capability requirements for write to /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid + CAP_SYS_ADMIN is needed in the user NS that owns the PID NS. + +rtnetlink.7 + Jan Moskyto Matejka [Michael Kerrisk] + Add missing RTA_* attributes + +standards.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Geoff Clare] + Add some more standards + Add: SUSv4 2016 edition, POSIX.1-2017, and SUSv4 2018 edition + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mention of bogus "POSIX" names + The terms POSIX.1-{2003,2004,2013,2016} were inventions of + my imagination, as confirmed by consulting Geoff Clare of + The Open Group. Remove these names. + +symlink.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Describe differences in the treatment of symlinks in the dirname + Describe differences in the treatment of symlinks in the dirname + part of pathname. + +tcp.7 + Michael Kerrisk [vrafaeli@msn.com] + Update info on tcp_syn_retries default value + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=202885. + +user_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Léo Stefanesco] + Clarify that "system time" means "calendar time" + +xattr.7 + Achilles Gaikwad + Add attr(1) as relevant page to SEE ALSO + +ldconfig.8 + Florian Weimer + Mention new default for --format in glibc 2.32 + +zdump.8 + Michael Kerrisk [Marco Curreli, Paul Eggert] + Update to latest upstream tz release + Look under "Latest version", which is 2020a. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-5.08 ==================== + +Released: 2020-08-13, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org> +Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com> +Alyssa Ross <hi@alyssa.is> +Andrew Price <anprice@redhat.com> +Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> +Arkadiusz Drabczyk <arkadiusz@drabczyk.org> +Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org> +Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is> +Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> +Dan Kenigsberg <danken@redhat.com> +Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> +Diogo Miguel Ferreira Rodrigues <dmfrodrigues2000@gmail.com> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com> +Geoff Clare <gwc@opengroup.org> +Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org> +John Scott <jscott@posteo.net> +Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Oleksandr Kravchuk <open.source@oleksandr-kravchuk.com> +Philip Adams <mail@philipadams.org> +Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> +Saikiran Madugula <hummerbliss@gmail.com> +Stephen Hemminger <stephen@networkplumber.org> +Sven Hoexter <sven@stormbind.net> +Thomas Bartelsmeier <t.bartelsmeier@gmail.com> +Thomas Piekarski <t.piekarski@deloquencia.de> +victorm007@yahoo.com + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +prctl.2 + Dave Martin + Add SVE prctls (arm64) + Add documentation for the PR_SVE_SET_VL and PR_SVE_GET_VL + prctls added in Linux 4.15 for arm64. + Dave Martin [Catalin Marinas] + Add tagged address ABI control prctls (arm64) + Add documentation for the PR_SET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL and + PR_GET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL prctls added in Linux 5.4 for arm64. + +setns.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document the use of PID file descriptors with setns() + Starting with Linux 5.8, setns() can take a PID file descriptor as + an argument, and move the caller into or more of the namespaces of + the thread referred to by that descriptor. + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document CAP_BPF + Michael Kerrisk + Add CAP_PERFMON + +symlink.7 + Aleksa Sarai + Document magic links more completely + + +Global changes +-------------- + +A few pages + Michael Kerrisk + Use \` rather than ` + \` produces better rendering in PDF. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk [Geoff Clare] + Use "\(ti" instead of "~" + A naked tilde ("~") renders poorly in PDF. Instead use "\(ti", + which renders better in a PDF, and produces the same glyph + when rendering on a terminal. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk [Geoff Clare] + Use "\(ha" rather than "^" in code + This renders better in PDF. + +Various pages + Mike Frysinger + Drop "coding: UTF-8" header + This header is used inconsistently -- man pages are UTF-8 encoded + but not setting this marker. It's only respected by the man-db + package, and seems a bit anachronistic at this point when UTF-8 + is the standard default nowadays. + +Various pages + Mike Frysinger + Trim leading blank comment line + Very few pages do this, so trim them. + +Various pages + Mike Frysinger + Use standard .\" comment style + The \" comment produces blank lines. Use the .\" that the vast + majority of the codebase uses instead. + +Various pages + Mike Frysinger [G. Branden Robinson] + Various pages: Drop t comment header + Historically, a comment of the following form at the top of a + manual page was used to indicate too man(1) that the use of tbl(1) + was required in order to process tables: + + '\" t + + However, at least as far back as 2001 (according to Branden), + man-db's man(1) automatically uses tbl(1) as needed, rendering + this comment unnecessary. And indeed many existing pages in + man-pages that have tables don't have this comment at the top of + the file. So, drop the comment from those files where it is + present. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +ioctl_tty.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Fix a confusing wording error in description of TIOCSPTLCK + +iopl.2 + Thomas Piekarski [victorm007@yahoo.com] + Updating description of permissions and disabling interrupts + Update description of permissions for port-mapped I/O set + per-thread and not per-process. Mention that iopl() can not + disable interrupts since Linux 5.5 anymore and is in general + deprecated and only provided for legacy X servers. + + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=205317 + +keyctl.2 + Oleksandr Kravchuk + Declare auth_key to fix a compilation error in example code + +lseek.2 + Andrew Price + List gfs2 support for SEEK_HOLE/SEEK_DATA + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EINVAL for bind mount of mount namespace inode + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Say a bit more about what happens when 'mode' is wrongly omitted + +pidfd_open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add the setns(2) use case for PID file descriptors + Michael Kerrisk + Close the pidfd in EXAMPLE + Close the PID file descriptor in the example program, to hint to + the reader that like every other kind of file descriptor, a PID FD + should be closed. + +prctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + The parent death signal is cleared on some credential changes + See kernel/cred.c::commit_creds() in the Linux 5.6 source code. + +seccomp.2 + Andy Lutomirski + Improve x32 and nr truncation notes + +send.2 +recv.2 + Alyssa Ross + Add msg_iovlen POSIX note + msg_iovlen is incorrectly typed (according to POSIX) in addition + to msg_controllen, but unlike msg_controllen, this wasn't + mentioned for msg_iovlen. + +setns.2 + Michael Kerrisk + EXAMPLE: use O_CLOEXEC when opening namespace file descriptor + Michael Kerrisk + It is possible to setns() to the caller's current PID namespace + The page currently incorrectly says that 'fd' must refer to + a descendant PID namespace. However, 'fd' can also refer to + the caller's current PID namespace. Verified by experiment, + and also comments in kernel/pid_namespace.c (Linux 5.8-rc1). + +sync.2 + Jeff Layton + syncfs() now returns errors if writeback fails + A patch has been merged for v5.8 that changes how syncfs() reports + errors. Change the sync() manpage accordingly. + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add faccessat2(), added in Linux 5.8 + +sysctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + glibc removed support for sysctl() starting in version 2.32 + +atoi.3 + Arkadiusz Drabczyk + Explain disadvantages of atoi() + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate BUGS section + Michael Kerrisk + Add NOTES section explaining 0 return value on error + And note that this is not specified by POSIX. + +fread.3 + Arkadiusz Drabczyk + Add example + Arkadiusz Drabczyk + Explain that file position is moved after calling fread()/fwrite() + Corresponding manpage on FreeBSD already contains that + information. + +getpt.3 +posix_openpt.3 +pts.4 + Michael Kerrisk + Use the term "pseudoterminal multiplexor device" for /dev/ptmx + Let's use some consistent terminology for this device. + +posix_memalign.3 + Bruno Haible + Clarify how to free the result of posix_memalign + +pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3 + Carlos O'Donell [Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi] + Clarify a PTHREAD_RWLOCK_PREFER_WRITER_NP detail + +queue.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Remove wrong code from example + Alejandro Colomar + Comment out text for functions not in glibc (related: 6559169cac) + +pts.4 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove NOTES on BSD pseudoterminals + This information is already covered better in pty(7). No need to + mention it again here. + +hosts.5 + Thomas Bartelsmeier + Clarify capability for IPv6 outside of examples + Resolves https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=208279 + +proc.5 + Jakub Wilk + Use "pwd -P" for printing cwd + "/bin/pwd" happens to work with the GNU coreutils implementation, + which has -P as the default, contrary to POSIX requirements. + + Use "pwd -P" instead, which is shorter, easier to type, and should + work everywhere. + Arkadiusz Drabczyk + Inform that comm in /proc/pid/{stat,status} might also be truncated + pgrep for example searches for a process name in /proc/pid/status + +resolv.conf.5 + Michael Kerrisk [Helge Kreutzmann] + Clarify that ip6-bytestring was removed in 2.25 + +capabilities.7 + Dan Kenigsberg + Clarify that CAP_SYS_NICE relates to *lowering* the nice value + Saikiran Madugula + CAP_SYS_RESOURCE: add two more items for POSIX message queues + CAP_SYS_RESOURCE also allows overriding /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msg_max + and /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msgsize_max. + Michael Kerrisk [Dan Kenigsberg] + Clarify wording around increasing process nice value + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add getpcaps(8) + +cgroups.7 +cpuset.7 + Sven Hoexter + Update kernel cgroup documentation references + cgroups-v1/v2 documentation got moved to the "admin-guide" subfolder + and converted from .txt files to .rst + +ip.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Hemminger] + Remove mention of ipfw(4) which was in long obsolete ipchains project + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add some notes on generating optimal glyphs + Getting nice renderings of ^ ` and ~ requires special + steps in the page source. + +pty.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Explicitly mention CONFIG_LEGACY_PTYS + Explicitly mention CONFIG_LEGACY_PTYS, and note that it is disabled + by default since Linux 2.6.30. + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate a paragraph to NOTES + +standards.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add an entry for POSIX.1-1988 + Michael Kerrisk [Geoff Clare] + Correct various details in the explanation of XPG/POSIX/SUS + +ld.so.8 + Florian Weimer [Michael Kerrisk] + List more places in which dynamic string tokens are expanded + This happens for more than just DT_RPATH/DT_RUNPATH. + Arkadiusz Drabczyk + Explain that empty entry in LD_LIBRARY_PATH means cwd + +zic.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Sync to 2020a tzdb release + From https://www.iana.org/time-zones, version 2020a. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-5.09 ==================== + +Released: 2020-11-01, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org> +Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com> +Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com> +Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> +David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> +David Laight <David.Laight@ACULAB.COM> +Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org> +Érico Rolim <erico.erc@gmail.com> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com> +Hauke Fath <hf@spg.tu-darmstadt.de> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +henrik@optoscale.no +Ira Weiny <ira.weiny@intel.com> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> +Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> +Jing Peng <pj.hades@gmail.com> +Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com> +Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Konstantin Bukin <kbukin@gmail.com> +Mark Mossberg <mark.mossberg@gmail.com> +Marko Hrastovec <marko.hrastovec@gmail.com> +Matthew Bobrowski <mbobrowski@mbobrowski.org> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu> +Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com> +Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> +Samanta Navarro <ferivoz@riseup.net> +Serge Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com> +Simon McVittie <smcv@collabora.com> +Sridhar Samudrala <sridhar.samudrala@intel.com> +Stephen Smalley <stephen.smalley.work@gmail.com> +Steve Hilder <stevehilder@yahoo.co.uk> +Thomas Piekarski <t.piekarski@deloquencia.de> +Tony May <tony.may@mediakind.com> +Tycho Andersen <tycho@tycho.ws> +Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@cn.fujitsu.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +circleq.3 + Alejandro Colomar + New page with 'circleq' content extracted from queue(3) + +list.3 + Alejandro Colomar + New page with 'list' content extracted from queue(3) + + +pthread_attr_setsigmask_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New page for pthread_attr_setsigmask_np() + pthread_attr_getsigmask_np() + Add a page documenting the pthread_attr_setsigmask_np(3) and + pthread_attr_getsigmask_np(3) functions added in glibc 2.32. + +slist.3 + Alejandro Colomar + New page with 'slist' content extracted from queue(3) + +stailq.3 + Alejandro Colomar + New page with 'stailq' content extracted from queue(3) + +tailq.3 + Alejandro Colomar + New page with 'tailq' content extracted from queue(3) + +system_data_types.7 + Alejandro Colomar, Michael Kerrisk + A new page documenting a wide range of system data types. + +kernel_lockdown.7 + David Howells, Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk] + New page documenting the Kernel Lockdown feature + +queue.7 + Alejandro Colomar + Create summary page for 'queue' APIs + The former queue(3) page was rather unwieldy, as it attempted to + describe too many APIs. After splitting that content out into a + number of smaller pages ( circleq.3, list.3, slist.3, stailq.3, + and tailq.3) move the much-reduced queue(3) page, which is now + essentially a summary of those APIs, from Section 3 to Section 7. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +fanotify_init.2 +fanotify.7 + Amir Goldstein [Jan Kara, Matthew Bobrowski] + Document FAN_REPORT_DIR_FID + +fanotify_init.2 +fanotify.7 + Amir Goldstein [Jan Kara, Matthew Bobrowski] + Document FAN_REPORT_NAME + +statx.2 + Ira Weiny + Add STATX_ATTR_DAX + +strerror.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document strerrorname_np() and strerrordesc_np() + strerrorname_np() and strerrordesc_np() were added in glibc 2.32. + +strsignal.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document sigabbrev_np() and sigdescr_np(). + sigabbrev_np() and sigdescr_np() were added in glibc 2.32. + +loop.4 + Yang Xu + Document LOOP_CONFIGURE ioctl + Yang Xu + Document LO_FLAGS_DIRECT_IO flag + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document the CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE capability added in Linux 5.9 + +ip.7 + Stephen Smalley [Paul Moore] + Document IP_PASSSEC for UDP sockets + +ip.7 +socket.7 + Stephen Smalley + Document SO_PEERSEC for AF_INET sockets + Sridhar Samudrala + Document SO_INCOMING_NAPI_ID + +socket.7 +unix.7 + Stephen Smalley [Serge Hallyn, Simon McVittie] + Add initial description for SO_PEERSEC + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +aiocb.3 +clock_t.3 +clockid_t.3 +dev_t.3 +div_t.3 +double_t.3 +fenv_t.3 +fexcept_t.3 +FILE.3 +float_t.3 +gid_t.3 +id_t.3 +imaxdiv_t.3 +int8_t.3 +int16_t.3 +int32_t.3 +int64_t.3 +intN_t.3 +intmax_t.3 +intptr_t.3 +lconv.3 +ldiv_t.3 +lldiv_t.3 +off_t.3 +pid_t.3 +ptrdiff_t.3 +regex_t.3 +regmatch_t.3 +regoff_t.3 +siginfo_t.3 +sigset_t.3 +sigval.3 +size_t.3 +ssize_t.3 +suseconds_t.3 +time_t.3 +timer_t.3 +timespec.3 +timeval.3 +uid_t.3 +uint8_t.3 +uint16_t.3 +uint32_t.3 +uint64_t.3 +uintN_t.3 +uintptr_t.3 +va_list.3 +void.3 + Alejandro Colomar, Michael Kerrisk + New links to system_data_types(7) + +CIRCLEQ_ENTRY.3 +CIRCLEQ_HEAD.3 +CIRCLEQ_INIT.3 +CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER.3 +CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE.3 +CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD.3 +CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL.3 +CIRCLEQ_REMOVE.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Link to the new circleq(3) page instead of queue(3) + +LIST_EMPTY.3 +LIST_ENTRY.3 +LIST_FIRST.3 +LIST_FOREACH.3 +LIST_HEAD.3 +LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3 +LIST_INIT.3 +LIST_INSERT_AFTER.3 +LIST_INSERT_BEFORE.3 +LIST_INSERT_HEAD.3 +LIST_NEXT.3 +LIST_REMOVE.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Link to the new list.3 page instead of queue.3 + +SLIST_EMPTY.3 +SLIST_ENTRY.3 +SLIST_FIRST.3 +SLIST_FOREACH.3 +SLIST_HEAD.3 +SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3 +SLIST_INIT.3 +SLIST_INSERT_AFTER.3 +SLIST_INSERT_HEAD.3 +SLIST_NEXT.3 +SLIST_REMOVE.3 +SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Link to the new slist(3) page instead of queue(3) + +STAILQ_CONCAT.3 +STAILQ_EMPTY.3 +STAILQ_ENTRY.3 +STAILQ_FIRST.3 +STAILQ_FOREACH.3 +STAILQ_HEAD.3 +STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3 +STAILQ_INIT.3 +STAILQ_INSERT_AFTER.3 +STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD.3 +STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL.3 +STAILQ_NEXT.3 +STAILQ_REMOVE.3 +STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Link to the new stailq(3) page instead of queue(3) + +TAILQ_CONCAT.3 +TAILQ_EMPTY.3 +TAILQ_ENTRY.3 +TAILQ_FIRST.3 +TAILQ_FOREACH.3 +TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE.3 +TAILQ_HEAD.3 +TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3 +TAILQ_INIT.3 +TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER.3 +TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE.3 +TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD.3 +TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL.3 +TAILQ_LAST.3 +TAILQ_NEXT.3 +TAILQ_PREV.3 +TAILQ_REMOVE.3 +TAILQ_SWAP.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Link to the new tailq(3) page instead of queue(3) + +getcwd.2 +mq_notify.2 +mq_open.2 +mq_timedreceive.2 +mq_timedsend.2 +mq_unlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Reinstate links to section 3 pages that document system calls + Some of the links removed in commit 247c654385128fd0748 should + have been kept, because in some cases there are real system + calls whose wrapper functions are documented in Section 3. + +queue.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Link to queue(7) + +sigabbrev_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to strsignal.3 + +sigdescr_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to strsignal.3 + +strerrordesc_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to strerror(3) + +strerrorname_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to strerror(3) + +sys_siglist.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to strsignal(3) + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Alejandro Colomar + Use ``sizeof`` consistently through all the examples in the + following way: + + - Use the name of the variable instead of its type as argument for + ``sizeof``. + +Various pages + Alejandro Colomar + Use sizeof() to get buffer size (instead of hardcoding macro name) + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Use \(aq instead of ' inside monospace fonts + Use \(aq to get an unslanted single quote inside monospace code + blocks. Using a simple ' results in a slanted quote inside PDFs. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk, Alejandro Colomar + Use C99 style to declare loop counter variables + Rather than: + + sometype x; + + for (x = ....; ...) + + use + + for (sometype x = ...; ...) + + This brings the declaration and use closer together (thus aiding + readability) and also clearly indicates the scope of the loop + counter variable. + +Various pages + Alejandro Colomar + Switch printf() casts to use [u]intmax_t + %ju / %jd + Let's move to the 21st century. Instead of casting system data + types to long/long long/etc. in printf() calls, instead cast to + intmax_t or uintmax_t, the largest available signed/unsigned + integer types. + +Various pages + Alejandro Colomar + Omit 'int' keyword for 'short', 'long' and 'long long' types + +Various pages + Alejandro Colomar + Remove unneeded casts + +Various pages + Alejandro Colomar + In printf(): s/0x%/%#/ except when followed by X instead of x + Use printf()'s '#' flag character to prepend the string "0x". + + However, when the number is printed in uppercase, and the prefix + is in lowercase, the string "0x" needs to be manually written. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Use C99-style declarations for readability + Rather than writing things such as: + + struct sometype *x; + ... + x = malloc(sizeof(*x)); + + let's use C99 style so that the type info is in the same line as + the allocation: + + struct sometype *x = malloc(sizeof(*x)); + +Various pages + Alejandro Colomar + Cast to 'unsigned long' rather than 'long' when printing with "%lx" + +stdarg.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Declare variables with different types in different lines + In particular, don's mix a variable and a pointer declaration + on the same line: TYPE x, *p; + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +memusage.1 + Michael Kerrisk + EXAMPLES: remove doubled calculations + The same calculations are repeated in malloc() and printf() calls. + For better readability, do the calculations once. + Michael Kerrisk + Use %zu rather than %zd when printing 'size_t' values + +clock_getres.2 + Alejandro Colomar + EXAMPLES: use 'const' when appropriate + Alejandro Colomar [Jakub Wilk] + Cast 'time_t' to 'int' for printf() and fix the length modifiers + Michael Kerrisk [Tony May] + Fix type and variable name in dynamic clock code example + +clone.2 + Michael Kerrisk + CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE can now be used to employ 'set_tid' + +epoll_ctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + epoll instances can be nested to a maximum depth of 5 + This limit appears to be an off-by-one count against + EP_MAX_NESTS (4). + Michael Kerrisk + Move some version info from CONFORMING TO to VERSIONS + +eventfd.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Use 'PRIxN' macros when printing C99 fixed-width integer types + +futex.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Use appropriate types + +getdents.2 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: add missing header and feature test macro + +intro.2 +intro.3 +credentials.7 +feature_test_macros.7 +standards.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add system_data_types(7) + +ioctl_ns.2 +stat.2 + Alejandro Colomar [Konstantin Bukin] + Fix signedness of printf specifiers + +membarrier.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Note that glibc does not provide a wrapper + +mprotect.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Use "%p" rather than casting to 'long' when printing pointer values + +mq_getsetattr.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Use 'const' when appropriate + +msgop.2 + Yang Xu + Add restriction on ENOSYS error + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk [henrik@optoscale.no] + ERRORS: add EBUSY + +openat.2 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: return long + The Linux kernel uses long as the return type for this syscall. + As glibc provides no wrapper, use the same type the kernel uses. + +open_by_handle_at.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Use "%u" rather than "%d" when printing 'unsigned int' values + +perf_event_open.2 + Alexey Budankov + Update the man page with CAP_PERFMON related information + +recv.2 +send.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add cross references to pages with further info about ancillary data + +sched_getattr.2 + Aleksa Sarai + Update to include changed size semantics + +seccomp.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jann Horn] + Warn reader that SECCOMP_RET_TRACE can be overridden + Highlight to the reader that if another filter returns a + higher-precedence action value, then the ptracer will not + be notified. + Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] + Warn against the use of SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD + Killing a thread with SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD is very likely + to leave the rest of the process in a broken state. + Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] + EXAMPLES: use SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS rather than SECCOMP_RET_KILL + Alejandro Colomar + Use ARRAY_SIZE() macro instead of raw sizeof division + +setns.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Correct the version for time namespace support + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Alejandro Colomar] + Use correct POSIX type for siginfo_t.si_value + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Move system calls from discontinued ports out of main syscall list + Various ports that had their own indigenous system calls have + been discontinued. Remove those system calls (none of which had + manual pages!) to a separate part of the page, to avoid + cluttering the main list of system calls. + Michael Kerrisk + Add close_range (Linux 5.9) + +timerfd_create.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Use 'PRIxN' macros when printing C99 fixed-width integer types + +userfaultfd.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Use a better type (uint64_t) for 'len' in EXAMPLES + Alejandro Colomar + Use 'PRIx64' rather than "%llx" when printing 64-bit fixed-width types + +argz_add.3 +envz_add.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] + Point out that 'error_t' is an integer type + +bsearch.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Fix intermediate type and remove unneeded casts + +bswap.3 + Jakub Wilk + Use strtoull() for parsing 64-bit numbers + +dlopen.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify DT_RUNPATH/DT_RPATH details + It is the DT_RUNPATH/DT_RPATH of the calling object (not the + executable) that is relevant for the library search. Verified + by experiment. + +errno.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Alejandro Colomar] + Note that the pthreads APIs do not set errno + +fopencookie.3 + Alejandro Colomar + printf()'s .* expects an int; cast accordingly + Alejandro Colomar + Fix bugs in example + +fread.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Move ARRAY_SIZE logic into macro + +freeaddrinfo.3 + Marko Hrastovec + Fix memory leaks in freeaddrinfo() examples + +getline.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Use %zd rather than %zu when printing 'ssize_t' values + +lseek64.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Since glibc 2.28. the 'llseek' symbol is no longer available + +mallinfo.3 + Michael Kerrisk + The 'usmblks' field is nowadays always 0 + +offsetof.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Use "%zu" rather than "%zd" when printing 'size_t' values + +perror.3 + Michael Kerrisk + sys_errlist and sys_nerr are no longer exposed by <stdio.h> + The change came with the release of glibc 2.32. + +posix_fallocate.3 + Érico Rolim + Add EOPNOTSUPP error code. + +psignal.3 +strsignal.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Consolidate information on 'sys_siglist' in one page (strsignal(3)) + +pthread_attr_init.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pthread_attr_init(3) + +pthread_attr_init.3 +pthread_create.3 +pthread_getattr_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Use correct type (size_t) for some variables + +pthread_getattr_np.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Use "%zu" and "%zx" when printing 'size_t' values + +pthread_sigmask.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add pthread_attr_setsigmask_np(3) + +qsort.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Fix casts + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: move code from queue.3 to stailq.3 + +regex.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Add example program + Alejandro Colomar + Remove unnecessary include + +strsignal.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Hauke Fath] + Note that starting with v2.32, glibc no longer exports 'sys_siglist' + Michael Kerrisk + Further addition on version range for sys_siglist + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'sys_siglist' is nonstandard + +strtod.3 + Jonathan Wakely + Fix return value for underflow + +strtol.3 + Alejandro Colomar + EXAMPLES: simplify errno checking + Alejandro Colomar + EXAMPLES: as the default base, use special value 0 + Alejandro Colomar + EXAMPLES: delimit output string using "" + +tsearch.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Simplify type usage and remove unneeded casts + Alejandro Colomar + Use size_t for malloc() argument + +loop.4 + Yang Xu + Add some details about lo_flags + +core.5 + Alejandro Colomar + Use adequate type + +locale.5 + Florian Weimer + Decimal points, thousands separators must be one character + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Update capability requirements for accessing /proc/[pid]/map_files + Jann Horn [Mark Mossberg] + Document inaccurate RSS due to SPLIT_RSS_COUNTING + Michael Kerrisk + Note "open file description" as (better) synonym for "file handle" + +resolv.5 + Florian Weimer + Document the trust-ad option + +aio.7 + Alejandro Colomar + Use perror() directly + +bpf-helpers.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk] + Resync with current kernel source + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Under CAP_SYS_ADMIN, group "sub-capabilities" together + CAP_BPF, CAP_PERFMON, and CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE have all been + added to split out the power of CAP_SYS_ADMIN into weaker pieces. + Group all of these capabilities together in the list under + CAP_SYS_ADMIN, to make it clear that there is a pattern to these + capabilities. + Michael Kerrisk + CAP_SYS_ADMIN implies CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE + But the latter, weaker capability is preferred. + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel doc reference for CAP_PERFMON + +fanotify.7 + Alejandro Colomar + Pass array to read(2) directly instead of a pointer to it + +fanotify.7 +fanotify_mark.2 + Amir Goldstein [Jan Kara, Matthew Bobrowski] + Generalize documentation of FAN_REPORT_FID + +feature_test_macros.7 + Jakub Wilk + Update list of macros that inhibit default definitions + +man.7 + Michael Kerrisk [G. Branden Robinson] + Clarify that alternating typeface macros print arguments without spaces + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add some more requests re code examples + Michael Kerrisk + Soften the statement that ideal programs should be short + +namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + A 'time_for_children' symlink can also pin a namespace + +pid_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Update capability requirements for /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid + +pthreads.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Explicitly note that pthreads APIs return an errno-style value on error + +rtld-audit.7 + Florian Weimer [Carlos O'Donell] + Clarify la_version handshake + Returning its argument without further checks is almost always + wrong for la_version. + Alejandro Colomar + Use "%u" rather than "%d" when printing 'unsigned int' values + +sigevent.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'sigev_notify_thread_id' is Linux-specific + +socket.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add ipv6(7) + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-5.10 ==================== + +Released: 2020-12-21, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Ahelenia Ziemiańska <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz> +Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org> +Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com> +Arusekk <arek_koz@o2.pl> +Baruch Siach <baruch@tkos.co.il> +Bill Allombert <ballombe@debian.org> +Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com> +Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> +Davide Giorgio <davide@giorgiodavide.it> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> +Jing Peng <pj.hades@gmail.com> +John A. Leuenhagen <john@zlima12.com> +Mathias Rav <m@git.strova.dk> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Crowe <mac@mcrowe.com> +Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> +Peter Oskolkov <posk@google.com> +Philip Rowlands <linux-kernel@dimebar.com> +Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> +Ross Zwisler <zwisler@chromium.org> +Sebastian Kirmayer <sebastian@kirmayer.de> +наб <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +access.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document faccessat2() + faccessat2() was added in Linux 5.8 and enables a fix to + longstanding bugs in the faccessat() wrapper function. + +membarrier.2 + Peter Oskolkov [Alejandro Colomar] + Update for Linux 5.10 + Linux kernel commit 2a36ab717e8fe678d98f81c14a0b124712719840 + (part of 5.10 release) changed sys_membarrier prototype/parameters + and added two new commands [MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_RSEQ + and MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_RSEQ]. + +mount.2 +statfs.2 + Ross Zwisler + Add NOSYMFOLLOW flags to mount(2) and statfs(2) + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +faccessat2.2 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to access.2 + +CIRCLEQ_EMPTY.3 +CIRCLEQ_FIRST.3 +CIRCLEQ_FOREACH.3 +CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE.3 +CIRCLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3 +CIRCLEQ_LAST.3 +CIRCLEQ_LOOP_NEXT.3 +CIRCLEQ_LOOP_PREV.3 +CIRCLEQ_NEXT.3 +CIRCLEQ_PREV.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Add missing links to circleq.3 + +pthread_attr_getsigmask_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to pthread_attr_setsigmask_np.3 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Alejandro Colomar + Use Oxford comma + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +access.2 + Michael Kerrisk + BUGS: note that faccessat() wrapper function emulation ignores ACLs + +bpf.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Place EXAMPLES section in correct location + +cacheflush.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Document Architecture-specific variants + Alejandro Colomar [Heinrich Schuchardt] + Document __builtin___clear_cache() as a more portable alternative + +chroot.2 +memfd_create.2 +tailq.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Alejandro Colomar] + Fix unbalanced .nf/.fi + +clock_getres.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Place ERRORS in alphabetical order + +clone.2 +sigaltstack.2 + Michael Kerrisk + clone(CLONE_VM) disables the alternate signal stack + +getrlimit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + State more precisely the range of kernel versions that had RLIMIT_LOCKS + +getrusage.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that the 'vtimes' symbol exists only up to glibc 2.32 + +io_cancel.2 +io_destroy.2 +io_getevents.2 +io_setup.2 +io_submit.2 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: s/io_context_t/aio_context_t/ + Linux uses aio_context_t for these syscalls, + and it's the type provided by <linux/aio_abi.h>. + Use it in the SYNOPSIS. + + libaio uses 'io_context_t', but that difference is already noted + in NOTES. + +io_setup.2 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: return long + +link.2 + Mathias Rav + ERRORS: add ENOENT when target is deleted + Linux kernel commit aae8a97d3ec30788790d1720b71d76fd8eb44b73 (part + of kernel release v2.6.39) added a check to disallow creating a + hard link to an unlinked file. + +llseek.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note size of 'loff_t' type + Michael Kerrisk + Point the reader to lseek64(3) for info about llseek(3) + Michael Kerrisk + Some mild rewriting to ease reading of the info in this page + +mmap.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify SIGBUS text and treatment of partial page at end of a mapping + +msgctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Make comments in 'msqid_ds' definition more compact + Michael Kerrisk + Place list of field descriptions in same order as structure definition + Michael Kerrisk + Use field name "msg_cbytes" rather than "__msg_cbytes" + Michael Kerrisk + Add description of 'msg_cbytes' field + +openat.2 + Colin Ian King + Fix include path, should be linux/openat2.h + +perf_event_open.2 + Namhyung Kim [Alejandro Colomar] + Update man page with recent kernel changes + Alejandro Colomar + Assign calculated value explicitly to 'config' + +restart_syscall.2 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Fix restart_syscall() return type + +set_tid_address.2 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Fix set_tid_address() return type + +shmctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Place list of field descriptions in same order as structure definition + +sigaction.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify description of SA_NODEFER + Clarify description of SA_NODEFER, and note interaction with + act.sa_mask. + Michael Kerrisk + Add a cross-reference to signal(7) for further info on 'ucontext_t' + +sigaltstack.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that the alternate signal stack is per-thread + Clarify that the alternate signal stack is per-thread (rather + than process-wide). + +spu_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add kernel version numbers for SPU_CREATE_AFFINITY_SPU/_MEM + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate paragraph on 'mode' argument + Michael Kerrisk [Alejandro Colomar] + Clarify that spu_create() now has 4 arguments but once had only 3 + +subpage_prot.2 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Fix return type: s/long/int/ + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add process_madvise() + Michael Kerrisk + Note that sysctl() was removed in Linux 5.5 + +timer_getoverrun.2 + Michael Kerrisk + timer_getoverrun() now clamps the overrun count to DELAYTIMER_MAX + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12665. + +uselib.2 +posix_memalign.3 +profil.3 +rtime.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove some text about libc/libc5 + With this change, there remain almost no vestiges of information + about the long defunct Linux libc. + +errno.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note another possible cause of the EMFILE error + +getcontext.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Mention SA_SIGINFO flag when talking about 3-argument signal handler + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add signal(7) + +list.3 + Michael Kerrisk + NAME: remove LIST_PREV, which is not documented in this page + +lseek64.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove section numbers from interface list + Michael Kerrisk + Remove sentence saying lseek64() is an alias for llseek() + Michael Kerrisk + NOTES: describe the origin of lseek64() in LFS + +nextafter.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove duplicate "BUGS" section heading + +pthread_tryjoin_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Mike Crowe] + Note that pthread_timedjoin_np() uses CLOCK_REALTIME, but there's a bug + +rcmd.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: remove intro(2) + +strnlen.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt] + Fix a small inconsistency in the text + +elf.5 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add objcopy(1) + +filesystems.5 + Ahelenia Ziemiańska [Alejandro Colomar] + Fix link to user space tooling for ncpfs + Ahelenia Ziemiańska [Alejandro Colomar] + Note ncpfs removal from kernel + +attributes.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add signal-safety(7) + +fanotify.7 + Amir Goldstein [Jan Kara] + Fix outdated description + +kernel_lockdown.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove unneeded quotes + +packet.7 + Baruch Siach [Alejandro Colomar] + Update references to kernel documentation + +pthreads.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Rephrase function list in terms of POSIX rather than SUS + The list was using an inconsistent mixture of "POSIX" and "SUS". + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt, Dave Martin] + Add some details on the execution of signal handlers + Add a "big picture" of what happens when a signal handler + is invoked. + Michael Kerrisk + Add pidfd_send_signal() to list of APIs for sending signals + Michael Kerrisk + Mention 'ucontext_t' in the discussion of signal handler execution + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add swapcontext(3) + +signal-safety.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note async-signal-safety details for errno + +standards.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add URL for POSIX.1-2008/SUSv4 + Michael Kerrisk + Add LFS (Large File Summit) + Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley] + Fix some URLs for locations of the standards + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate the discussion on POSIX manual pages + +tcp.7 + Alejandro Colomar [Philip Rowlands] + tcp_syncookies: It is now an integer [0, 2] + Since Linux kernel 3.12, tcp_syncookies can have the value 2, + which sends out cookies unconditionally. + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-5.11 ==================== + +Released: 2021-03-21, Munich + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org> +Alessandro Bono <alessandro.bono369@gmail.com> +Alyssa Ross <hi@alyssa.is> +Bastien Roucariès <rouca@debian.org> +Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org> +Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com> +Ciprian Dorin Craciun <ciprian.craciun@gmail.com> +Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org> +Dmitry Vorobev <dvorobev@cloudflare.com> +edef <edef@edef.eu> +Enke Chen <enkechen2020@gmail.com> +Gabriel Krisman Bertazi <krisman@collabora.com> +Ganimedes Colomar <gacoan.linux@gmail.com> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> +Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> +Johannes Pfister <johannes.pfister@josttech.ch> +Johannes Wellhöfer <johannes.wellhofer@gmail.com> +John Morris <john@zultron.com> +Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com> +Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> +Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> +Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com> +Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org> +Palmer Dabbelt <palmerdabbelt@google.com> +Paran Lee <p4ranlee@gmail.com> +Peter H. Froehlich <peter.hans.froehlich@gmail.com> +Philipp Schuster <phip1611@gmail.com> +Stephen Kitt <steve@sk2.org> +Steve Grubb <sgrubb@redhat.com> +Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> +Szunti <szunti@gmail.com> +Valentin Kettner <vakevk@gmail.com> +Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net> +Walter Franzini <walter.franzini@gmail.com> +Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de> +Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com> +Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@cn.fujitsu.com> +Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +close_range.2 + Stephen Kitt, Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner] + New page documenting close_range(2) + +process_madvise.2 + Suren Baghdasaryan, Minchan Kim [Michal Hocko, Alejandro Colomar, + Michael Kerrisk] + Document process_madvise(2) + +fileno.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Split fileno(3) content out of ferror(3) into new page + fileno(3) differs from the other functions in various ways. + For example, it is governed by different standards, + and can set 'errno'. Conversely, the other functions + are about examining the status of a stream, while + fileno(3) simply obtains the underlying file descriptor. + Furthermore, splitting this function out allows + for some cleaner upcoming changes in ferror(3). + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +epoll_wait.2 + Willem de Bruijn [Dmitry V. Levin] + Add documentation of epoll_pwait2() + Expand the epoll_wait() page with epoll_pwait2(), an epoll_wait() + variant that takes a struct timespec to enable nanosecond + resolution timeout. + +fanotify_init.2 +fanotify.7 + Jan Kara [Steve Grubb] + Document FAN_AUDIT flag and FAN_ENABLE_AUDIT + +madvise.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add descriptions of MADV_COLD and MADV_PAGEOUT + Taken from process_madvise(2). + +openat2.2 + Jens Axboe + Add RESOLVE_CACHED + +prctl.2 + Gabriel Krisman Bertazi + Document Syscall User Dispatch + +mallinfo.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Document mallinfo2() and note that mallinfo() is deprecated + Document the mallinfo2() function added in glibc 2.33. + Update example program to use mallinfo2() + +system_data_types.7 + Alejandro Colomar + Add off64_t to system_data_types(7) + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Document the --argv0 option added in glibc 2.33 + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +epoll_pwait2.2 + Dmitry V. Levin + New link to epoll_wait(2) + +mallinfo2.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to mallinfo(3) + +off64_t.3 + Alejandro Colomar + New link to system_data_types(7) + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Various pages + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Use 'restrict' in prototypes + This change has been completed for *all* relevant pages + (around 135 pages in total). + +Various pages + Alejandro Colomar [Zack Weinberg] + Remove unused <sys/types.h> + The manual pages are already inconsistent in which headers need + to be included. Right now, not all of the types used by a + function have their required header included in the SYNOPSIS. + + If we were to add the headers required by all of the types used by + functions, the SYNOPSIS would grow too much. Not only it would + grow too much, but the information there would be less precise. + + Having system_data_types(7) document each type with all the + information about required includes is much more precise, and the + info is centralized so that it's much easier to maintain. + + So let's document only the include required for the function + prototype, and also the ones required for the macros needed to + call the function. + + <sys/types.h> only defines types, not functions or constants, so + it doesn't belong to man[23] (function) pages at all. + + I ignore if some old systems had headers that required you to + include <sys/types.h> *before* them (incomplete headers), but if + so, those implementations would be broken, and those headers + should probably provide some kind of warning. I hope this is not + the case. + + [mtk: Already in 2001, POSIX.1 removed the requirement to + include <sys/types.h> for many APIs, so this patch seems + well past due.] + +A few pages + Alejandro Colomar + Add notes about missing glibc wrappers + +_exit.2 +abort.3 +err.3 +exit.3 +pthread_exit.3 +setjmp.3 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Use 'noreturn' in prototypes + Use standard C11 'noreturn' in these manual page for + functions that do not return. + +Various pages + Ganimedes Colomar [Alejandro Colomar] + Normalize SYNOPSIS notes about nonexistent glibc wrappers + To easily distinguish documentation about glibc wrappers from + documentation about kernel syscalls, let's have a normalized + 'Note' in the SYNOPSIS, and a further explanation in the page body + (NOTES in most of them), as already happened in many (but not all) + of the manual pages for syscalls without a wrapper. Furthermore, + let's normalize the messages, following membarrier.2 (because it's + already quite extended), so that it's easy to use grep to find + those pages. + Normalize NOTES about nonexistent glibc wrappers + This commit normalizes texts under sections other than SYNOPSIS + (most of them in NOTES). + + +Global changes (formatting fixes and minor edits) +------------------------------------------------- + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: remove redundant statement that 'errno' is set + This is implied in every other manual page. There is no need to + state it explicitly in these pages. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Use periods more consistently inside code comments + In general, complete sentences in free-standing comments + should be terminated by periods. + +A few pages + Michael Kerrisk + Better table formatting + In particular, allow for rendering in widths different from + (especially less than) 80 columns. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Consistency fix-up in FTMs + Generally, place '||' at start of a line, rather than the end of + the previous line. + + Rationale: this placement clearly indicates that each piece + is an alternative. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk [Alejandro Colomar] + Bring more whitespace consistency in SYNOPSIS + The use of vertical white space in the SYNOPSIS sections + is rather inconsistent. Make it more consistent, subject to the + following heuristics: + + * Prefer no blank lines between function signatures by default. + * Where many functions are defined in the SYNOPSIS, add blank + lines where needed to improve readability, possibly by using + blank lines to separate logical groups of functions. + +Various pages + Alejandro Colomar + Consistently use 'unsigned int' + Most pages use 'unsigned int' (and the kernel too). + Make them all do so. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Various improvements in wording in RETURN VALUE + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + s/Glibc versions </Glibc </ in Feature Test Macro discussions + Use a more compact notation that will render less wide + on the terminal. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Standardize wording around setting of 'errno' on error + In the RETURN VALUE sections, a number of different wordings + are used in to describe the fact that 'errno' is set on error. + There's no reason for the difference in wordings, since the same + thing is being described in each case. Switch to a standard + wording that is the same as FreeBSD and similar to the wording + used in POSIX.1. + + In this change, "to indicate the cause of the error" + is changed to "to indicate the error". + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Add missing .nf/.fi in FTM info + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Simplify mark-up for Feature Test Macro requirements + Different source styles are used in different pages to achieve the + same formatted output, and in some cases the source mark-up is a + rather convoluted combination of .RS/.RE/.TP/.PD macros. Simplify + this greatly, and unify all of the pages to use more or less the + same source code style. This makes the source code rather easier + to read, and may simplify future scripted global changes. + + The feature test macro info is currently bracketed by .nf/.fi + pairs. This is not strictly necessary (i.e., it makes no + difference to the rendered output), but for the moment we keep + these "brackets" in case they may be replaced with something else. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Use real minus signs in pathnames + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Standardize wording around setting of 'errno' on error + In the RETURN VALUE sections, a number of different wordings + are used in to describe the fact that 'errno' is set on error. + There's no reason for the difference in wordings, since the same + thing is being described in each case. Switch to a standard + wording that is the same as FreeBSD and similar to the wording + used in POSIX.1. + + In this change, reword various cases saying that 'errno' is set + "appropriately" to "is set to indicate the error". + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Improve formatting in ATTRIBUTES + Make the formatting more consistent inside the tables in the + ATTRIBUTES sections. Make the source code more uniform; in + particular, eliminate the use of custom tweaks using + 'lbwNN'/'lwNN' and .br macros. In addition, ensure that + hyphenation and text justification do not occur inside the tables. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Use .nf/.fi in SYNOPSIS + The majority of pages use .nf/.fi in SYNOPSIS, but there are + still many that don't and use .br to achieve newlines. Fix many + of those. This brings greater consistency to the pages, which + eases editing and may ease future scripted edits to the pages. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Standardize wording around setting of 'errno' on error + In the RETURN VALUE sections, a number of different wordings + are used in to describe the fact that 'errno' is set on error. + There's no reason for the difference in wordings, since the same + thing is being described in each case. Switch to a standard + wording that is the same as FreeBSD and similar to the wording + used in POSIX.1. + + In this change, miscellaneous descriptions of the setting + of 'errno' are reworded to the norm of "is set to indicate + the error". + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Use "\-" to generate real minus in circumstances where appropriate + Use \- for math formulas, pathnames, manual page cross references, + etc. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Inside code blocks (.EX/.EE) use \- to get real minus signs + A real minus can be cut and pasted... + +Various pages + Alejandro Colomar + Remove explicit blank lines, replacing them with .PP when appropriate + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Use internally consistent continuation indents in SYNOPSIS + In the SYNOPSIS, a long function prototype may need to be + continued over to the next line. The continuation line is + indented according to the following rules: + + 1. If there is a single such prototype that needs to be continued, + then align the continuation line so that when the page is + rendered on a fixed-width font device (e.g., on an xterm) the + continuation line starts just below the start of the argument + list in the line above. (Exception: the indentation may be + adjusted if necessary to prevent a very long continuation line + or a further continuation line where the function prototype is + very long.) + + Thus: + + int tcsetattr(int fd, int optional_actions, + const struct termios *termios_p); + + 2. But, where multiple functions in the SYNOPSIS require + continuation lines, and the function names have different + lengths, then align all continuation lines to start in the + same column. This provides a nicer rendering in PDF output + (because the SYNOPSIS uses a variable width font where + spaces render narrower than most characters). + + Thus: + + int getopt(int argc, char * const argv[], + const char *optstring); + int getopt_long(int argc, char * const argv[], + const char *optstring, + const struct option *longopts, int *longindex); + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Standardize wording around setting of 'errno' on error + In the RETURN VALUE sections, a number of different wordings + are used in to describe the fact that 'errno' is set on error. + There's no reason for the difference in wordings, since the same + thing is being described in each case. Switch to a standard + wording that is the same as FreeBSD and similar to the wording + used in POSIX.1. + + In this change, fix some instances stating that 'errno' is set + "appropriately" to instead say "to indicate the error". + +Various System V IPC pages + Michael Kerrisk + Improve wording describing RETURN VALUE and setting of 'errno' + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +alloc_hugepages.2 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: reword to reflect that these system calls are long gone + +cacheflush.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Update SYNOPSIS for glibc wrapper + Glibc uses 'void *' instead of 'char *'. + And the prototype is declared in <sys/cachectl.h>. + +clone.2 + Valentin Kettner + Fix types in clone_args + A file descriptor is an int so it should be stored through an int + pointer while parent_tid should have the same type as child_tid + which is pid_t pointer. + +close.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add close_range(2) + +copy_file_range.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Document glibc wrapper instead of kernel syscall + Glibc uses 'off64_t' instead of 'loff_t'. + +delete_module.2 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Fix prototype parameter types + The Linux kernel uses 'unsigned int' instead of 'int' for the + 'flags' parameter. As glibc provides no wrapper, use the same + type the kernel uses. + +epoll_create.2 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: mention that epoll_create1() is Linux-specific + +epoll_wait.2 + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: mention that epoll_pwait() is Linux-specific + +execve.2 + Palmer Dabbelt + Correct the versions of Linux that don't have ARG_MAX argv/envp size + +execveat.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Fix prototype + It's been 6 years since execveat(2) was added to the kernel, + and there's still no glibc wrapper. Let's document the kernel + syscall prototype. + +getcpu.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Alejandro Colomar] + Rewrite page to describe glibc wrapper function + Since glibc 2.29, there is a wrapper for getcpu(2). + The wrapper has only 2 arguments, omitting the unused + third system call argument. Rework the manual page + to reflect this. + +getgid.2 +getuid.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that these interfaces never modify 'errno' + See https://www.austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=511 + and the POSIX.1-2008 specifications of the interfaces. + +gethostname.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Update FTM requirements for gethostname() + +getpagesize.2 +getdtablesize.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Update/correct FTM requirements + +getrusage.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Starting in 2.33, glibc no longer provides vtimes() + +ioctl_tty.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Reformat argument type information + The current mark-up renders poorly. To resolve this, move + the type information into a separate line. + +ipc.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Fix prototype parameter types + +kcmp.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Since Linux 5.12, kcmp() availability is unconditional + kcmp() is no longer dependent on CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE. + +keyctl.2 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Fix prototype parameter types + The Linux kernel uses 'unsigned long'. + There's no reason to use the typedef '__kernel_ulong_t'. + +lookup_dcookie.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Use standard types: u64 -> uint64_t + +madvise.2 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add process_madvise(2) + +mlock.2 + Alejandro Colomar + mlock2(): Fix prototype parameter types + The documented prototype for mlock2() was a mix of the + glibc wrapper prototype and the kernel syscall prototype. + Let's document the glibc wrapper prototype, which is shown below. + Michael Kerrisk + CONFORMING TO: note more explicitly which APIs are in the standards + +mmap2.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Fix prototype parameter types + There are many slightly different prototypes for this syscall, + but none of them is like the documented one. + Of all the different prototypes, + let's document the asm-generic one. + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that the 'data' argument can be NULL + +move_pages.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Add notes about missing glibc wrappers + +open.2 +rename.2 + Alyssa Ross + Refer to tmpfs rather than shmem + If I'm understanding correctly, tmpfs is a filesystem built on + shmem, so I think it's more correct (and probably much more + widely understandable) to refer to tmpfs here. + +pciconfig_read.2 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Fix prototype parameter types + Use the glibc prototypes instead of the kernel ones. + Exception: use 'int' instead of 'enum'. + +pidfd_open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Note the process_madvise(2) use case for PID file descriptors + +readlink.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] + Emphasize that the returned buffer is not null-terminated + +s390_pci_mmio_write.2 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Add 'const' qualifier + s390_pci_mmio_write() uses 'const void *' instead of 'void *'. + +sched_setattr.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Add note about missing glibc wrappers + +semctl.2 + Yang Xu [Alejandro Colomar, Manfred Spraul] + Correct SEM_STAT_ANY description + +socketcall.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Add note about missing glibc wrapper + +splice.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Use 'off64_t' instead of 'loff_t' + The kernel syscall uses 'loff_t', but the glibc wrapper uses 'off64_t'. + Let's document the wrapper prototype, as in other pages. + +spu_create.2 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Fix prototype parameter type + The 'flags' parameter of spu_create() uses 'unsigned int'. + +spu_run.2 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Fix prototype parameter types + The 2nd and 3rd parameters of spu_run() use 'uint32_t *'. + +stat.2 + Jonathan Wakely [Alejandro Colomar] + Remove <unistd.h> from SYNOPSIS + There seems to be no reason <unistd.h> is shown here, so remove it. + Michael Kerrisk + Move the obsolete _BSD_SOURCE FTM to the end of the FTM info + +syscall.2 + Peter H. Froehlich + Update superh syscall convention + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add epoll_pwait2() + +tkill.2 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Fix prototype parameter types + All but the last parameters of t[g]kill() use 'pid_t', + both in the kernel and glibc. + +vmsplice.2 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Fix prototype parameter type + The 3rd parameter of vmsplice() uses 'size_t' in glibc. + +bstring.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add string(3) + +circleq.3 +list.3 +slist.3 +stailq.3 +tailq.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Improve readability, especially in SYNOPSIS + +circleq.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Fix CIRCLEQ_LOOP_*() return type + +crypt.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Reformat FTM info (in preparation for next patch) + Michael Kerrisk + Update crypt() FTM requirements to note glibc 2.28 changes + +ecvt.3 +gcvt.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Update FTM requirements + +error.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Alejandro Colomar, Walter Harms] + Clarify the meaning of 'status==0' for error(3) + +ferror.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove fileno(3) content that was migrated to new fileno(3) page + Michael Kerrisk + Add a RETURN VALUE section + Michael Kerrisk + POSIX.1-2008: these functions won't change 'errno' if 'stream' is valid + See https://www.austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=401. + +fread.3 + Alessandro Bono + EXAMPLES: swap size and nmemb params + It works both ways, but this one feels more right. We are reading + four elements sizeof(*buffer) bytes each. + +fseeko.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Move info about obsolete FTM from SYNOPSIS to NOTES + This makes the SYNOPSIS more consistent with other pages. + +ftime.3 + Michael Kerrisk + glibc 2.33 has removed ftime() + +ftw.3 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Remove duplicate header + +gethostbyname.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Move mention of <sys/socket.h> from SYNOPSIS to DESCRIPTION + The functions are all declared in <netdb.h>. <sys/socket.h> is only + needed for the AF_* constants. + +gethostid.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Update FTM requirements for gethostid() + +get_phys_pages.3 + Alejandro Colomar [Jakub Wilk] + glibc gets the info from sysinfo(2) since 2.23 + +grantpt.3 +ptsname.3 +unlockpt.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Remove mention of _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED FTM + This rather ancient FTM is not mentioned in other pages for + reasons discussed in feature_test_macros(7). Remove this FTM + from the three pages where it does appear. + +malloc.3 + Alejandro Colomar [Johannes Pfister] + Document that realloc(p, 0) is specific to glibc and nonportable + +malloc_hook.3 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Use 'volatile' in prototypes + +malloc_trim.3 + Dmitry Vorobev + Remove mention of free() call + 'malloc_trim' was and is never called from the 'free' function. + +pthread_create.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Paran Lee] + Fix undeclared variable error in example program + Michael Kerrisk + Fix a signedness error in the example code + +puts.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Reorder functions more logically (group related functions together) + +qecvt.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Update feature test macro requirements + +setbuf.3 + Michael Kerrisk + POSIX doesn't require errno to be unchanged after successful setbuf() + See https://www.austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=397#c799 + +setlocale.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Alejandro Colomar, Bruno Haible] + Restructure a particularly difficult sentence + +simpleq.3 +stailq.3 +queue.7 +SIMPLEQ_*.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Document SIMPLEQ_*() as an alias to STAILQ_*() macros + +strerror.3 + Alejandro Colomar + strerrorname_np() and strerrordesc_np() first appeared on glibc 2.32 + +string.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add bstring(3) + +system.3 + Alejandro Colomar [Ciprian Dorin Craciun] + Document bug and workaround when the command name starts with a hyphen + +environ.7 + Bastien Roucariès + Reorder the text + Move the text describing how to set environment variable before + the list(s) of variables in order to improve readability. + Bastien Roucariès + Document convention of string in environ + Document the name=value system and that nul byte is forbidden. + Bastien Roucariès + Document that HOME, LOGNAME, SHELL, USER are set at login time + and point to the su(1) manual page. + Bastien Roucariès + Add see also ld.so(8) for LD_ variables + Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucariès] + Improve the description of PATH + Add more details of how PATH is used, and mention the legacy + use of an empty prefix. + Bastien Roucariès [Alejandro Colomar, Bastien Roucaries, Vincent Lefevre] + Document valid values of pathnames for SHELL, PAGER and EDITOR/VISUAL + Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucariès] + Note the default if PAGER is not defined + Michael Kerrisk + Be a little more precise when discussing 'exec' + Say "execve(2)" instead of "exec(3)", and note that this step + starts a new program (not a new process!). + Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucariès] + Relocate and reword the mention of _GNU_SOURCE + +man-pages.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document "acknowledgement" as the preferred spelling + Michael Kerrisk + Add some notes on comments in example code + Michael Kerrisk + Add a FORMATTING AND WORDING CONVENTIONS section + In man-pages-5.11, a large number of pages were edited to achieve + greater consistency in the SYNOPSIS, RETURN VALUE and ATTRIBUTES + sections. To avoid future inconsistencies, try to capture some of + the preferred conventions in text in man-pages(7). + Michael Kerrisk + Note some rationale for the use of real minus signs + +netdevice.7 + Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar] + Update documentation for SIOCGIFADDR SIOCSIFADDR SIOCDIFADDR + +netlink.7 + Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar] + Fix minimal Linux version for NETLINK_CAP_ACK + NETLINK_CAP_ACK option was introduced in commit 0a6a3a23ea6e which first + appeared in Linux version 4.3 and not 4.2. + Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar] + Remove IPv4 from description + rtnetlink is not only used for IPv4 + Philipp Schuster + Clarify details of netlink error responses + Make it clear that netlink error responses (i.e., messages with + type NLMSG_ERROR (0x2)), can be longer than sizeof(struct + nlmsgerr). In certain circumstances, the payload can be longer. + +shm_overview.7 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add memfd_create(2) + +sock_diag.7 + Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar] + Fix recvmsg() usage in the example + +tcp.7 + Enke Chen + Documentation revision for TCP_USER_TIMEOUT + +uri.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that 'logical' quoting is the norm in Europe + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-5.12 ==================== + +Released: 2021-06-20, Christchurch + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Ahelenia Ziemiańska <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz> +Akihiro Motoki <amotoki@gmail.com> +Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org> +Alyssa Ross <hi@alyssa.is> +Aurelien Aptel <aaptel@suse.com> +Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> +Bruce Merry <bmerry@ska.ac.za> +Chris Keilbart <keilbartchris@gmail.com> +Christian Brauner <christian@brauner.io> +Christoph Anton Mitterer <calestyo@scientia.net> +dann frazier <dann.frazier@canonical.com> +Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org> +Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de> +Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +James O. D. Hunt <jamesodhunt@gmail.com> +Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> +Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> +Jon Murphy <jonmurphy1618@gmail.com> +Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> +Katsuhiro Numata <byakkomon@gmail.com> +Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> +Mark Kettenis <kettenis@openbsd.org> +Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> +Sargun Dhillon <sargun@sargun.me> +Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com> +Štěpán Němec <stepnem@gmail.com> +thomasavoss <thomasavoss@protonmail.com> +Topi Miettinen <toiwoton@gmail.com> +Tycho Andersen <tycho@tycho.pizza> +Utkarsh Singh <utkarsh190601@gmail.com> +Vishwajith K <vishuvikas1996@gmail.com> +Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de> +Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@fujitsu.com> +Zhiheng Li <phoenix_lzh@sina.com> +наб <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +seccomp_unotify.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Tycho Andersen, Jann Horn, Kees Cook, Christian Brauner + Sargun Dhillon] + New page documenting the seccomp user-space notification mechanism + +MAX.3 + Alejandro Colomar + New page to document MAX() and MIN() + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +seccomp.2 + Tycho Andersen [MichaelKerrisk] + Document SECCOMP_GET_NOTIF_SIZES + Tycho Andersen + Document SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_NEW_LISTENER [Michael Kerrisk] + Tycho Andersen + Document SECCOMP_RET_USER_NOTIF [Michael Kerrisk] + +set_mempolicy.2 + Huang Ying [Alejandro Colomar, "Huang, Ying"] + Add mode flag MPOL_F_NUMA_BALANCING + +userfaultfd.2 + Peter Xu [Alejandro Colomar, Mike Rapoport] + Add UFFD_FEATURE_THREAD_ID docs + Peter Xu [Alejandro Colomar, Mike Rapoport] + Add write-protect mode docs + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/sys/vm/sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group + +system_data_types.7 + Alejandro Colomar + Add 'blksize_t' + Alejandro Colomar + Add 'blkcnt_t' + Alejandro Colomar + Add 'mode_t' + Alejandro Colomar + Add 'struct sockaddr' + Alejandro Colomar + Add 'cc_t' + Alejandro Colomar + Add 'socklen_t' + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +blkcnt_t.3 + Alejandro Colomar + New link to system_data_types(7) + +blksize_t.3 + Alejandro Colomar + New link to system_data_types(7) + +cc_t.3 + Alejandro Colomar + New link to system_data_types(7) + +MIN.3 + Michael Kerrisk + New link to MIN.3 + +mode_t.3 + Alejandro Colomar + New link to system_data_types(7) + +sockaddr.3 + Alejandro Colomar + New link to system_data_types(7) + +socklen_t.3 + Alejandro Colomar + New link to system_data_types(7) + + +Global changes +-------------- + +Many pages + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Use syscall(SYS_...); for system calls without a wrapper + +Many pages + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Document why each header is required + +Many pages + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Remove unused includes + +Various pages + Alejandro Colomar + Add note about the use of syscall(2) + +Various pages + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Miscellaneous fixes to includes + +A few pages + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Add missing 'const' + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +dup.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Rewrite the description of dup() somewhat + As can be seen by any number of StackOverflow questions, people + persistently misunderstand what dup() does, and the existing manual + page text, which talks of "copying" a file descriptor doesn't help. + Rewrite the text a little to try to prevent some of these + misunderstandings, in particular noting at the start that dup() + allocates a new file descriptor. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify what silent closing means + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Use consistent comments through pages + +epoll_wait.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Move misplaced subsection to NOTES from BUGS + +execveat.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Library support has been added in glibc 2.34 + +_exit.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add a little more detail on the raw _exit() system cal + +exit_group.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Use 'noreturn' in prototypes + +flock.2 + Aurelien Aptel [Alejandro Colomar] + Add CIFS details + CIFS flock() locks behave differently than the standard. + Give an overview of those differences. + +ioperm.2 + Alejandro Colomar + Remove obvious comment + +memfd_create.2 +mmap.2 +shmget.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Yang Xu] + Document the EPERM error for huge page allocations + This error can occur if the caller is does not have CAP_IPC_LOCK + and is not a member of the sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group. + +mmap.2 + Bruce Merry + Clarify that MAP_POPULATE is best-effort + +mount.2 + Topi Miettinen + Document SELinux use of MS_NOSUID mount flag + +open.2 + Alejandro Colomar [Walter Harms] + Fix bug in linkat(2) call example + AT_EMPTY_PATH works with empty strings (""), but not with NULL + (or at least it's not obvious). + Michael Kerrisk + Make it clearer that an FD is an index into the process's FD table + Sometimes people are confused, thinking a file descriptor is just a + number.... + +perfmonctl.2 + Michael Kerrisk + This system call was removed in Linux 5.10 + +pipe.2 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Fix incorrect prototype + Michael Kerrisk + Rearrange SYNOPSIS so that minority version pipe() is at end + +ptrace.2 + Dmitry V. Levin [Alejandro Colomar, Mathieu Desnoyers] + Mention PTRACE_GET_SYSCALL_INFO in RETURN VALUE section + +seccomp.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Reorder list of SECCOMP_SET_MODE_FILTER flags alphabetically + (No content changes.) + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add seccomp_unotify(2) + +select.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Strengthen the warning regarding the low value of FD_SETSIZE + All modern code should avoid select(2) in favor of poll(2) + or epoll(7). + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate sentence about the fd_set value-result arguments to BUGS + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + perfmonctl(2) was removed in Linux 5.10 + +bswap.3 + Alejandro Colomar + bswap_*() are implemented using functions + Even though it's true that they are macros, + it's transparent to the user. + + The user will see their results casted to unsigned types + after the conversion due to the underlying functions, + so it's better to document these as the underlying functions, + specifying the types. + +cmsg.3 +unix.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer to seccomp_unotify(2) for an example of SCM_RIGHTS usage + +cpow.3 + Alejandro Colomar + Use 'complex' after the type consistently + +ctime.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Katsuhiro Numata] + Restore documentation of 'tm_gmtoff' field + +errno.3 + Alejandro Colomar [Florian Weimer, Mark Kettenis] + Fix ENODATA text + ENODATA is an XSI STREAMS extension (not base POSIX). + +exec.3 + Josh Triplett [Alejandro Colomar] + Clarify that execvpe() uses PATH from the caller, not envp + Josh Triplett [Alejandro Colomar] + Fix description of 'e' variants + The envp argument specifies the environment of the new process + image, not "the environment of the caller". + +fflush.3 + Alejandro Colomar + SEE ALSO: Add fpurge(3) + +getline.3 + наб [Ahelenia Ziemiańska, Alejandro Colomar] + !*lineptr is sufficient + No implementation or spec requires *n to be 0 to allocate + a new buffer. + +getopt.3 + James O. D. Hunt [Alejandro Colomar] + Clarify behaviour + +printf.3 + Utkarsh Singh [Alejandro Colomar] + Add overall structure of format string + +pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3 +pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Use 'restrict' in prototypes + +pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that the *_np() APIs are deprecated since glibc 2.34 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Remove incorrect 'const' + +pthread_mutex_consistent.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that pthread_mutexattr_setrobust() is now deprecated + +pthread_yield.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Note that this function is deprecated since glibc 2.34 + +rpc.3 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Fix prototypes (misc.) + +scanf.3 + Alyssa Ross [Alejandro Colomar] + Clarify that %n supports type modifiers + +xdr.3 + Alejandro Colomar + SYNOPSIS: Fix prototype types + Use the same types glibc uses, and add a missing 'const'. + +capabilities.7 + Michael Kerrisk + CAP_IPC_LOCK also governs memory allocation using huge pages + +environ.7 + Josh Triplett [Alejandro Colomar] + Remove obsolete admonishment of the GZIP environment variable + +kernel_lockdown.7 + dann frazier [Alejandro Colomar] + Remove description of lifting via SysRq (not upstream) + The patch that implemented lockdown lifting via SysRq ended up + getting dropped[*] before the feature was merged upstream. Having + the feature documented but unsupported has caused some confusion + for our users. + +mount_namespaces.7 +namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Relocate reference to pam_namespace(8) from namespaces.7 to + mount_namespaces.7. + +signal.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Add reference to seccomp_unotify(2) + The seccomp user-space notification feature can cause changes in + the semantics of SA_RESTART with respect to system calls that + would never normally be restarted. Point the reader to the page + that provide further details. + +vsock.7 + Alyssa Ross + ioctls are on /dev/vsock, not sockets + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-5.13 ==================== + +Released: 2021-08-27, Christchurch + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets +in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been +incorporated in changes in this release: + +Ahelenia Ziemiańska (наб) <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz> +Alan Peakall <Alan.Peakall@helpsystems.com> +Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org> +Alexis Wilke <alexis@m2osw.com> +Askar Safin <safinaskar@mail.ru> +Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com> +Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu> +Christopher Yeleighton <giecrilj@stegny.2a.pl> +Cristian Morales Vega <christian.morales.vega@gmail.com> +Dan Robertson <dan@dlrobertson.com> +Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org> +Dominique Brazziel <dbrazziel@snet.net> +EmanueleTorre <torreemanuele6@gmail.com> +Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> +G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com> +Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +James O. D. Hunt <jamesodhunt@gmail.com> +Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> +Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com> +Kurt Kanzenbach <kurt@linutronix.de> +kXuan <kxuanobj@gmail.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michael Weiß <michael.weiss@aisec.fraunhofer.de> +NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de> +Nora Platiel <nplatiel@gmx.us> +Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org> +Peter Collingbourne <pcc@google.com> +Richard Palethorpe <rpalethorpe@suse.com> +Rodrigo Campos <rodrigo@kinvolk.io> +Sagar Patel <sagarmp@cs.unc.edu> +Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com> +Sergey Petrakov <kr@spmail.info> +Stefan Kanthak <stefan.kanthak@nexgo.de> +Štěpán Němec <stepnem@gmail.com> +Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> +Thomas Voss <thomasavoss@protonmail.com> +Viet Than <thanhoangviet@gmail.com> +Will Manley <will@williammanley.net> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +mount_setattr.2 + Christian Brauner [Alejandro Colomar, Michael Kerrisk] + New manual page documenting the mount_setattr() system call + + +Removed Pages +------------- + +getumask.3 + Michael Kerrisk + This function was never implemented on Linux. It seems pointless to + retain such a page 20 years after it was written. + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +futex.2 + Kurt Kanzenbach [Alejandro Colomar, Thomas Gleixner, Michael Kerrisk] + Document FUTEX_LOCK_PI2 + +ioctl_tty.2 + Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar, Michael Kerrisk] + Document ioctls: TCGETS2, TCSETS2, TCSETSW2, TCSETSF2 + +pidfd_open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Document PIDFD_NONBLOCK + +seccomp_unotify.2 + Rodrigo Campos [Alejandro Colomar] + Document SECCOMP_ADDFD_FLAG_SEND + +sigaction.2 + Peter Collingbourne [Alejandro Colomar, Michael Kerrisk] + Document SA_EXPOSE_TAGBITS and the flag support detection protocol + +statx.2 + NeilBrown + Document STATX_MNT_ID + +capabilities.7 +user_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk, Kir Kolyshkin [Alejandro Colomar] + Describe CAP_SETFCAP for mapping UID 0 + +mount_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner, Eric W. Biederman] + More clearly explain the notion of locked mounts + For a long time, this manual page has had a brief discussion of + "locked" mounts, without clearly saying what this concept is, or + why it exists. Expand the discussion with an explanation of what + locked mounts are, why mounts are locked, and some examples of the + effect of locking. + +user_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Document /proc/PID/projid_map + +ld.so.8 + Michael Kerrisk + Document --list-tunables option added in glibc 2.33 + + +Global changes +-------------- + +A few pages + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: correct alphabetic order + +A few pages + Michael Kerrisk + Place SEE ALSO entries in correct order + +A few pages + Michael Kerrisk + Arrange .SH sections in correct order + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Fix EBADF error description + Make the description of the EBADF error for invalid 'dirfd' more + uniform. In particular, note that the error only occurs when the + pathname is relative, and that it occurs when the 'dirfd' is + neither valid *nor* has the value AT_FDCWD. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: combine errors into a single alphabetic list + These pages split out extra errors for some APIs into a separate + list. Probably, the pages are easier to ready if all errors are + combined into a single list. + + Note that there still remain a few pages where the errors are + listed separately for different APIs. For the moment, it seems + best to leave those pages as is, since the error lists are + largely distinct in those pages. + +Various pages + Michael Kerrisk + Terminology clean-up: "mount point" ==> "mount" + Many times, these pages use the terminology "mount point", where + "mount" would be better. A "mount point" is the location at which + a mount is attached. A "mount" is an association between a + filesystem and a mount point. + +accept.2 +access.2 +getpriority.2 +mlock.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: combine errors into a single list + These pages split out errors into separate lists (perhaps per API, + perhaps "may" vs "shall", perhaps "Linux-specific" vs + standard(??)), but there's no good reason to do this. It makes + the error list harder to read, and is inconsistent with other + pages. So, combine the errors into a single list. + +fanotify_mark.2 +futimesat.2 +mount_setattr.2 +statx.2 +symlink.2 +mkfifo.3 + Michael Kerrisk + Refer the reader to openat(2) for explanation of why 'dirfd' is useful + +Various pages + Thomas Voss [Alejandro Colomar] + Consistently use '*argv[]' + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +iconv.1 +iconvconfig.8 + Michael Kerrisk [Christopher Yeleighton] + FILES: note that files may be under /usr/lib64 rather than /usr/lib + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=214163 + +ldd.1 + Alejandro Colomar [EmanueleTorre] + Fix example command + +add_key.2 +keyctl.2 +request_key.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Dominique Brazziel] + Note that the "libkeyutils" package provides <keyutils.h> + See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=992377 + +close_range.2 + Michael Kerrisk, Alejandro Colomar + Glibc 2.34 has added a close_range() wrapper + +execve.2 + Michael Kerrisk [Nora Platiel] + The pathname given to interpreter is not necessarily absolute + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: getauxval(3) + getauxval(3) is useful background regarding execve(2). + +fanotify_mark.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add missing EBADF error for invalid 'dirfd' + +ioctl_tty.2 + Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar] + Update DTR example + Do not include unused (and incompatible) header file termios.h and + include required header files for puts() and close() functions. + +mount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EPERM error for case where a mount is locked + Refer the reader to mount_namespaces(7) for details. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add mount_setattr(2) + +open.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Explicitly describe the EBADF error that can occur with openat() + In particular, specifying an invalid file descriptor number + in 'dirfd' can be used as a check that 'pathname' is absolute. + Michael Kerrisk + Clarify that openat()'s dirfd must be opened with O_RDONLY or O_PATH + Michael Kerrisk + Add mount_setattr(2) to list of 'dirfd' APIs + +open_by_handle_at.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add missing EBADF error for invalid 'dirfd' + +readv2.2 + Will Manley [Alejandro Colomar] + Note preadv2(..., RWF_NOWAIT) bug in BUGS section + +readv.2 +pipe.7 + Michael Kerrisk [наб] + Make text on pipe writes more general to avoid a confusion in writev(2) + +seccomp.2 + Eric W. Biederman [Kees Cook] + Clarify that bad system calls kill the thread (not the process) + +syscalls.2 + Michael Kerrisk + Add quotactl_fd(); remove quotactl_path() + quotactl_path() was never wired up in Linux 5.13. + It was replaced instead by quotactl_fd(), + Michael Kerrisk + Add system calls that are new in 5.13 + +umount.2 + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: add EINVAL for case where mount is locked + +wait.2 + Richard Palethorpe [Alejandro Colomar] + Add ESRCH for when pid == INT_MIN + Michael Kerrisk + ERRORS: document EAGAIN for waitid() on a PID file descriptor + +getaddrinfo.3 + Alejandro Colomar [Cristian Morales Vega] + Note that 'errno' is set in parallel with EAI_SYSTEM + +getauxval.3 + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add execve(2) + +getopt.3 + James O. D. Hunt [Alejandro Colomar] + Further clarification of 'optstring' + +pthread_setname_np.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Alexis Wilke] + EXAMPLES: remove a bug by simplifying the code + +strlen.3 +wcslen.3 + Michael Kerrisk [Alejandro Colomar, Jonny Grant] + Recommend alternatives where input buffer might not be null-terminated + +strstr.3 + Alejandro Colomar [Stefan Kanthak] + Document special case for empty needle + +termios.3 + Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar] + SPARC architecture has 4 different Bnnn constants + Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar] + Add information how to set baud rate to any other value + Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar] + Use bold style for Bnn and EXTn macro constants + Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar] + Document missing baud-rate constants + +tsearch.3 + Michael Kerrisk + NAME: add twalk_r + +wcstok.3 + Jakub Wilk + Fix type mismatch in the example + +proc.5 + Michael Kerrisk + Add /proc/PID/projid_map, referring reader to user_namespaces(7) + Michael Kerrisk + Remove duplicated /proc/[pid]/gid_map entry + +mount_namespaces.7 + Michael Kerrisk + Terminology clean-up: "mount point" ==> "mount" + Many times, this page uses the terminology "mount point", where + "mount" would be better. A "mount point" is the location at which + a mount is attached. A "mount" is an association between a + filesystem and a mount point. + Michael Kerrisk + SEE ALSO: add mount_setattr(2) + +namespaces.7 + Štěpán Němec [Alejandro Colomar] + Fix confusion caused by text reorganization + +path_resolution.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Askar Safin] + Improve description of trailing slashes + See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=212385 + +posixoptions.7 + Alejandro Colomar [Alan Peakall] + Fix legacy functions list (s/getcwd/getwd/) + +user_namespaces.7 + Kir Kolyshkin [Alejandro Colomar] + Fix a reference to a kernel document + Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman] + Add a definition of "global root" + +vdso.7 + Michael Kerrisk [Christophe Leroy] + Update CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE + CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE info for powerpc + Alejandro Colomar [Christophe Leroy] + Add y2038 compliant gettime for ppc/32 + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-6.00 ==================== + +Released: 2022-10-09, València + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes, reports, notes, +ideas, and discussions that have been incorporated in changes in +this release: + + +"Darrick J. Wong" <darrick.wong@oracle.com> +"Dr. Jürgen Sauermann" <mail@xn--jrgen-sauermann-zvb.de> +"Dr. Wolfgang Armbruster" <dr.w.e.armbruster@gmail.com> +"G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com> +"M. Welinder" <mwelinder@gmail.com> +"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu> +"Todd C. Miller" <Todd.Miller@sudo.ws> +"Valentin V. Bartenev" <vbart@nginx.com> +<pellucida@tutanota.com> +Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org> +Ahelenia Ziemiańska (наб) <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz> +Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org> +Aleksander Baranowski <alex@euro-linux.com> +Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> +Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> +Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com> +Andrea Cervesato <andrea.cervesato@suse.com> +Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca> +Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> +Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> +Andrew Persons <andrewscottpersons@gmail.com> +Andrew Wock <ajwock@gmail.com> +Anna Schumaker <anna.schumaker@netapp.com> +Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> +Avinash Sonawane <rootkea@gmail.com> +Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> +Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org> +Benoit Lecocq <benoit@openbsd.org> +Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@vortex.is> +Brett Holman <bholman.devel@gmail.com> +CIFS <linux-cifs@vger.kernel.org> +Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> +Charan Teja Reddy <quic_charante@quicinc.com> +Christian Aistleitner <christian@quelltextlich.at> +Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> +Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> +Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz> +Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> +Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> +Dave Kemper <saint.snit@gmail.com> +David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> +David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> +David Laight <David.Laight@ACULAB.COM> +David Sletten <david.paul.sletten@gmail.com> +David Ward <david.ward@gatech.edu> +Davide Benini <davide.benini@gmail.com> +Donald Buczek <buczek@molgen.mpg.de> +Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com> +Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org> +Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> +Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com> +Fabian <fabian@ritter-vogt.de> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +GUO Zihua <guozihua@huawei.com> +Gabriel Krisman Bertazi <krisman@collabora.com> +Greg Banks <gbanks@linkedin.com> +Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> +Grzegorz Szpetkowski <gszpetkowski@gmail.com> +Günther Noack <guenther@unix-ag.uni-kl.de> +Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> +Huang Pei <huangpei@loongson.cn> +Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk> +Ian Lance Taylor <iant@google.com> +Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org> +Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> +Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> +Jayprakash Ray <r.jay3283@gmail.com> +JeanHeyd Meneide <wg14@soasis.org> +Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org> +Jens Gustedt <jens.gustedt@inria.fr> +Jeremy Kerr <jk@codeconstruct.com.au> +Jesse Rosenstock <jmr@google.com> +Joseph Myers <joseph@codesourcery.com> +Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com> +Klemens Nanni <kn@openbsd.org> +Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@amazon.co.jp> +Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linuxfoundation.org> +Lucien Gentis <lucien.gentis@waika9.com> +Luis Henriques <lhenriques@suse.de> +Luis Lozano <llozano@chromium.org> +Marco Bonelli <marco@mebeim.net> +Masatake YAMATO <yamato@redhat.com> +Matheus Tavares <matheus.bernardino@usp.br> +Mathnerd314 <mathnerd314.gph@gmail.com> +Matthew Bobrowski <repnop@google.com> +Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> +Melker Narikka <meklu@meklu.org> +Michael Kearney <mikekearney85@hotmail.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> +Mickaël Salaün <mic@linux.microsoft.com> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> +Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com> +Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu> +Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com> +NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de> +Nicolas Boichat <drinkcat@chromium.org> +Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com> +Olga Kornievskaia <aglo@umich.edu> +Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> +Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org> +Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta@ionos.com> +Patrick Reader <_@pxeger.com> +Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu> +Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> +Petr Vorel <pvorel@suse.cz> +Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com> +Quentin Monnet <quentin.monnet@netronome.com> +Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> +Ralph Corderoy <ralph@inputplus.co.uk> +Randall <rsbecker@nexbridge.com> +Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> +Robert Schneider <robert.schneider03@sap.com> +Rumen Telbizov <rumen.telbizov@menlosecurity.com> +Sam James <sam@gentoo.org> +Samanta Navarro <ferivoz@riseup.net> +Sean Young <sean@mess.org> +Simon Branch <simonmbranch@gmail.com> +Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com> +Stephen Kitt <steve@sk2.org> +Steve French <sfrench@samba.org> +Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> +Theo de Raadt <deraadt@openbsd.org> +Theodore Dubois <tbodt@google.com> +Tilman Schmidt <tilman@imap.cc> +Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org> +Topi Miettinen <toiwoton@gmail.com> +Trevor Woerner <twoerner@gmail.com> +Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@hammerspace.com> +Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net> +Vito Caputo <vcaputo@pengaru.com> +Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de> +Wei Wang <weiwan@google.com> +Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@fujitsu.com> +Yuchung Cheng <ycheng@google.com> +Zack Weinberg <zack@owlfolio.org> +enh <enh@google.com> +glibg10b <pugonfireyt@gmail.com> +nick black <nickblack@linux.com> +zhangkui <zhangkui@oppo.com> +Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com> +Štěpán Němec <stepnem@smrk.net> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +man2/ + landlock_add_rule.2 + landlock_create_ruleset.2 + landlock_restrict_self.2 + memfd_secret.2 + +man2type/ + open_how.2type + +man3/ + _Generic.3 + +man3const/ + NULL.3const + +man3head/ + sysexits.h.3head + +man3type/ + aiocb.3type + blkcnt_t.3type + blksize_t.3type + cc_t.3type + clock_t.3type + clockid_t.3type + dev_t.3type + div_t.3type + double_t.3type + epoll_event.3type + fenv_t.3type + id_t.3type + intN_t.3type + intmax_t.3type + intptr_t.3type + iovec.3type + itimerspec.3type + lconv.3type + mode_t.3type + off_t.3type + ptrdiff_t.3type + regex_t.3type + size_t.3type + sockaddr.3type + stat.3type + time_t.3type + timer_t.3type + timespec.3type + timeval.3type + tm.3type + va_list.3type + void.3type + +man7/ + landlock.7 + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +epoll_wait.2 + epoll_pwait2(2) + +fanotify_init.2 + FAN_REPORT_PIDFD + +fanotify_mark.2 + FAN_FS_ERROR + FAN_MARK_EVICTABLE + FAN_RENAME + FAN_REPORT_TARGET_FID + +madvise.2 + MADV_POPULATE_READ + MADV_POPULATE_WRITE + +pipe.2 + O_NOTIFICATION_PIPE + +process_madvise.2 + MADV_WILLNEED + +send.2 + MSG_FASTOPEN + +userfaultfd.2 + UFFD_USER_MODE_ONLY + +proc.5 + /proc/[pid]/pagemap bit 57 + +fanotify.7 + /proc/sys/fs/fanotify/max_queued_events + /proc/sys/fs/fanotify/max_user_group + /proc/sys/fs/fanotify/max_user_marks + +tcp.7 + TCP_FASTOPEN + TCP_FASTOPEN_CONNECT + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +man3/ + strftime_l.3 + +man3type/ + epoll_data.3type + epoll_data_t.3type + fexcept_t.3type + float_t.3type + gid_t.3type + imaxdiv_t.3type + in6_addr.3type + in_addr.3type + in_addr_t.3type + in_port_t.3type + int16_t.3type + int32_t.3type + int64_t.3type + int8_t.3type + ldiv_t.3type + lldiv_t.3type + loff_t.3type + off64_t.3type + pid_t.3type + regmatch_t.3type + regoff_t.3type + sa_family_t.3type + sockaddr_in.3type + sockaddr_in6.3type + sockaddr_storage.3type + sockaddr_un.3type + socklen_t.3type + speed_t.3type + ssize_t.3type + suseconds_t.3type + tcflag_t.3type + uid_t.3type + uint16_t.3type + uint32_t.3type + uint64_t.3type + uint8_t.3type + uintN_t.3type + uintmax_t.3type + uintptr_t.3type + useconds_t.3type + + +Global changes +-------------- + +- Man dirs: + + - Move definitions of types to separate pages in man2type/ and + man3type/. Previously, they were spread (and duplicated) in other + pages, or in system_data_types.7 (with links in man3/). + + - Add man3head/ for pages that document header files. + + - Add man3const/ for pages that document constants. + +- Licenses: + + - Use SPDX-License-Indentiffier for licenses specified by SPDX + (including the newly-added Linux-man-pages-copyleft). This reduces + the overhead text at the top of most manual page source files. + License texts have been moved to LICENSES/. + +- Build system: + + - Add several make(1) targets to lint the manual pages, and also lint + and build the C programs contained in them. Use of these targets + requires unreleased versions of software, such as groff-1.23.0, so + it's not yet intended to be used by the public. + + - Add targets to build tarballs of the repository. + +- man(7) source: + + - Improve consistency of man(7) source. Also, reduce the number of + warnings that groff(1) and mandoc(7) emit when parsing the pages + with the highest warning level. Most of these fixes were found + thanks to the new `make lint-man` target. + +- Manual pages sections: + + - Title (.TH): + + - Remove 5th argument to TH (middle-header). + + - Specify "Linux man-pages" and the version in the 4th argument + (left-footer). + + - Add the LIBRARY section. This section standardizes a way to + document the library that provides a given interface. + + - Add the CAVEATS section. BUGS and NOTES were serving that purpose + before, but CAVEATS is more appropriate. + + - Rename the CONFORMING TO section to STANDARDS for consistency with + other projects, such as the BSDs. + + - SYNOPSIS: Add the ISO C2X [[deprecated]] attribute for functions + that have been deprecated or removed. + + - EXAMPLES: Improve consistency of C source code. Also, reduce the + number of warnings that several linting tools emit. + + - COLOPHON: Remove section (its purpose is now served by the title). + +- Repository: + + - CONTRIBUTING, README, INSTALL: Document important changes in the + project organization. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +The manual pages (and other files in the repository) have been improved +beyond what this changelog covers. To learn more about changes applied +to individual pages, use git(1). + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-6.01 ==================== + +Released: 2022-10-18, Aldaya + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes, reports, notes, +ideas, and discussions that have been incorporated in changes in +this release: + +"G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com> +Agostino Sarubbo <ago@gentoo.org> +Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org> +Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com> +Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org> +Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> +Grigoriy <grigoriyremvar@protonmail.com> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> +Matthew Bobrowski <repnop@google.com> +Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru> +Mike Gilbert <floppym@gentoo.org> +Nicolás A. Ortega Froysa <nicolas@ortegas.org> +Pierre Labastie <pierre.labastie@neuf.fr> +Sam James <sam@gentoo.org> +Steve Izma <sizma@golden.net> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +EOF.3const + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +fanotify_mark.2 + FAN_MARK_IGNORE + +open.2, statx.2 + STATX_DIOALIGN + +feature_test_macros.7 + _FORTIFY_SOURCE=3 + _TIME_BITS + + +Global changes +-------------- + +- Build system: + + - Update manual page dates (TH 3rd argument) when creating the tarball + with 'make dist'. This removes the need for a tstamp commit before + each release. + + - Don't print spurious errors from the Makefile that are not relevant. + +- Manual pages' sections: + + - Title (.TH): + + - Remove the hardcoded date (TH 3rd argument), and replace it by a + placeholder that should be changed when creating the tarball. + This removes the need for a tstamp commit before each release. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +The manual pages (and other files in the repository) have been improved +beyond what this changelog covers. To learn more about changes applied +to individual pages, use git(1). + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-6.02 ==================== + +Released: 2022-12-22, Aldaya + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes, reports, notes, +ideas, and discussions that have been incorporated in changes in +this release: + + +"G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com> +1092615079 <1092615079@qq.com> +Aaron Schrab <aaron@schrab.com> +Agostino Sarubbo <ago@gentoo.org> +Ahelenia Ziemiańska <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz> +Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org> +Alex Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com> +Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com> +Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net> +Andrew Pinski <pinskia@gmail.com> +Andries E. Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl> +Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org> +Douglas McIlroy <douglas.mcilroy@dartmouth.edu> +Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com> +Grigoriy <grigoriyremvar@protonmail.com> +Grzegorz Szymaszek <gszymaszek@short.pl> +Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de> +Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk> +Iker Pedrosa <ipedrosa@redhat.com> +Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> +JeanHeyd Meneide <wg14@soasis.org> +Jun Ishiguro <algon.0320@gmail.com> +Luca Versari <veluca93@gmail.com> +Luis Javier Merino <ninjalj@gmail.com> +Mario Blättermann <mario.blaettermann@gmail.com> +Martin Sebor <msebor@redhat.com> +Martin Uecker <uecker@tugraz.at> +Matthew Bobrowski <repnop@google.com> +Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru> +Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> +Mike Gilbert <floppym@gentoo.org> +Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> +Nicolás A. Ortega Froysa <nicolas@ortegas.org> +Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org> +Pierre Labastie <pierre.labastie@neuf.fr> +Sam James <sam@gentoo.org> +Serge Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com> +Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com> +Steve Izma <sizma@golden.net> +Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> +Thomas Voss <mail@thomasvoss.com> +Tycho Andersen <tycho@tycho.pizza> +Xi Ruoyao <xry111@xry111.site> +Zach O'Keefe <zokeefe@google.com> +Zack Weinberg <zack@owlfolio.org> + + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +man3/ + static_assert.3 + strcpy.3 + stpncpy.3 + strncat.3 + +man3const/ + EOF.3const + EXIT_SUCCESS.3const + +man7/ + string_copying.7 + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +ioctl_tty.2 + TIOCSERGETLSR + TIOCSER_TEMT + +madvise.2 + MADV_COLLAPSE + +syscall.2 + loongarch + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +man3/ + _Static_assert.3 (static_assert(3)) + stpcpy.3 (strcpy(3)) + strcat.3 (strcpy(3)) + strncpy.3 (stpncpy(3)) + stpecpy.3 (string_copying(7)) + stpecpyx.3 (string_copying(7)) + ustpcpy.3 (string_copying(7)) + ustr2stp.3 (string_copying(7)) + zustr2stp.3 (string_copying(7)) + zustr2ustp.3 (string_copying(7)) + +man3const/ + EXIT_FAILURE.3const (EXIT_SUCCESS(3const)) + + +Global changes +-------------- + +- Use correct letter case in manual page titles, instead of uppercase. + +- Use \" t comments when appropriate (Lintian needs this). + +- SYNOPSIS: + + - Add _Nullable for functions that receive NULL as a meaningful + input. + + - Use VLA syntax to clarify the meaning of size parameters, rather + than hiding it in possibly-confusing text. This syntax is not + accepted by any compilers, though. + + - Use [[noreturn]] instead of noreturn, which will be deprecated + soon. + +- Repository documentation: + + - Added significant documentation about the repository and the + project in the root of the repository in different files. + Starting from the README, anyone passing by should be able to + understand how the project works and be directed to other + documentation files. These files also document the release + process. + + - Michael has been busy lately, and he is no longer maintaining + the project. The in-repository documentation mentioned above has + been updated to reflect that. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +copy_file_range.2 + Fix wrong kernel version information + +process_madvise.2 + Fix capability and ptrace requirements + +madvise.2 + Update Transparent Huge Pages file/shmem documentation for + Linux 5.4+. + + +The manual pages (and other files in the repository) have been improved +beyond what this changelog covers. To learn more about changes applied +to individual pages, use git(1). + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-6.03 ==================== + +Released: 2023-02-12, Xulilla + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes, reports, notes, +ideas, and discussions that have been incorporated in changes in +this release: + +Aaron Peter Bachmann <aaron_ng@inode.at> +Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org> +Ahelenia Ziemiańska <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz> +Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org> +Alex Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com> +Arsen Arsenović <arsen@aarsen.me> +Bernd Petrovitsch <bernd@petrovitsch.priv.at> +Brian Inglis <Brian.Inglis@Shaw.ca> +Colin Cross <ccross@google.com> +Cristian Rodríguez <crrodriguez@opensuse.org> +Deri James <deri@chuzzlewit.myzen.co.uk> +Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com> +Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org> +Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> +"G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com> +Günther Noack <gnoack3000@gmail.com> +Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de> +Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@inai.de> +"Jason A. Donenfeld" <Jason@zx2c4.com> +Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org> +Joseph Myers <joseph@codesourcery.com> +Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> +Lennart Jablonka <humm@ljabl.com> +Mario Blaettermann <mario.blaettermann@gmail.com> +Mark Galeck <markgaleck@gmail.com> +Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> +Nick Gregory <nick@nickgregory.me> +Pasha Tatashin <tatashin@google.com> +Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu> +<Radisson97@gmx.de> +Sam James <sam@gentoo.org> +Samanta Navarro <ferivoz@riseup.net> +"Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com> +Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com> +Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> +Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net> +Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de> +Wilco Dijkstra <Wilco.Dijkstra@arm.com> +Zack Weinberg <zack@owlfolio.org> + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +New and rewritten pages +----------------------- + +man3/ + arc4random.3 + powerof2.3 + roundup.3 + +man3head/ + printf.h.3head + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +perf_event_open.2 + PERF_COUNT_SW_BPF_OUTPUT + PERF_COUNT_SW_CGROUP_SWITCHES + PERF_FORMAT_LOST + PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_BUILD_ID + PERF_RECORD_MISC_SWITCH_OUT_PREEMPT + PERF_SAMPLE_CODE_PAGE_SIZE + PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_PAGE_SIZE + PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT_STRUCT + + struct perf_event_attr::build_id + struct perf_event_attr::inherit_thread + struct perf_event_attr::remove_on_exec + struct perf_event_attr::sigtrap + struct perf_event_attr::aux_sample_size + struct perf_event_attr::sig_data + + union perf_sample_weight + + struct read_format::values[]::lost + + struct::weight + struct::data_page_size + struct::code_page_size + struct::size + struct::data + + struct:: ::build_id_size + struct:: ::build_id + +prctl.2 + PR_SET_VMA + PR_SET_VMA_ANON_NAME + + +New and changed links +--------------------- + +man3/ + arc4random_buf.3 (arc4random(3)) + arc4random_uniform.3 (arc4random(3)) + register_printf_modifier.3 (printf.h(3head)) + register_printf_specifier.3 (printf.h(3head)) + register_printf_type.3 (printf.h(3head)) + +man3const/ + PA_CHAR.3const (printf.h(3head)) + PA_DOUBLE.3const (printf.h(3head)) + PA_FLAG_LONG.3const (printf.h(3head)) + PA_FLAG_LONG_DOUBLE.3const (printf.h(3head)) + PA_FLAG_LONG_LONG.3const (printf.h(3head)) + PA_FLAG_PTR.3const (printf.h(3head)) + PA_FLAG_SHORT.3const (printf.h(3head)) + PA_FLOAT.3const (printf.h(3head)) + PA_INT.3const (printf.h(3head)) + PA_LAST.3const (printf.h(3head)) + PA_POINTER.3const (printf.h(3head)) + PA_STRING.3const (printf.h(3head)) + PA_WCHAR.3const (printf.h(3head)) + PA_WSTRING.3const (printf.h(3head)) + +man3type/ + printf_arginfo_size_function.3type (printf.h(3head)) + printf_function.3type (printf.h(3head)) + printf_info.3type (printf.h(3head)) + printf_va_arg_function.3type (printf.h(3head)) + + +Global changes +-------------- + +- Build system: + - Add scripts to produce a book of the Linux man-pages. + - Add lint-c-cppcheck to the make(1) targets to run the cppcheck(1) + linter. + +- TH: + - Use correct letter case in page titles. This started in 6.02, but + there were still many cases left. + +- SYNOPSIS: + - Mark some functions as deprecated. + +- STANDARDS: + - Remove most references to ISO C89. We still document it in + standards(7), but it's an ancient language version that this + project + regards as obsolescent, so in the STANDARDS sections for APIs we + only take into account C99 and later and POSIX.1-2001 and later + (with few exceptions where older standards are relevant). + +- ffix: + - Change \- to - where appropriate + - Improve readability of numbers: + - Show BCD magic numbers that are meaningful in hex as hex, + rather than weird decimal numbers. + - Use IEC multipliers. + - Format ranges consistently using interval notation: [min, max]. + +- srcfix: + - Use \[] escapes. + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +timespec.3type + Update tv_nsec according to C2x. + + +The manual pages (and other files in the repository) have been improved +beyond what this changelog covers. To learn more about changes applied +to individual pages, use git(1). + + +==================== Changes in man-pages-6.04 ==================== + +Released: 2023-04-03, Aldaya + + +Contributors +------------ + +The following people contributed patches/fixes, reports, notes, +ideas, and discussions that have been incorporated in changes in +this release: + +Ahelenia Ziemiańska <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz> +Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org> +Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net> +Brian Inglis <Brian.Inglis@Shaw.ca> +"Carlos O'Donell" <carlos@redhat.com> +Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> +Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> +Dmitry Goncharov <dgoncharov@users.sf.net> +"Dmitry V. Levin" <ldv@strace.io> +Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com> +Elvira Khabirova <lineprinter0@gmail.com> +Fotios Valasiadis <fvalasiad@gmail.com> +"G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com> +Guy Shefy <guyshefyb@gmail.com> +Günther Noack <gnoack3000@gmail.com> +Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de> +Iker Pedrosa <ipedrosa@redhat.com> +Jack Pearson <jack@pearson.onl> +Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net> +Marco Bonelli <marco@mebeim.net> +Matt Jolly <Matt.Jolly@footclan.ninja> +Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net> +Nate Eldredge <nate@thatsmathematics.com> +Oskari Pirhonen <xxc3ncoredxx@gmail.com> +Patrick Reader <_@pxeger.com> +Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu> +Paul Smith <psmith@gnu.org> +Ralph Corderoy <ralph@inputplus.co.uk> +Rodrigo Campos <rodrigo@sdfg.com.ar> +Samanta Navarro <ferivoz@riseup.net> +Serge Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com> +Simon Horman <simon.horman@corigine.com> +Timo Stark <t.stark@nginx.com> +Tom Schwindl <schwindl@posteo.de> +"Valentin V. Bartenev" <vbartenev@gmail.com> +Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net> +Vladislav Ivanishin <vlad@ispras.ru> +Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com> +Wu Zhenyu <wuzhenyu@ustc.edu> +Yedidyah Bar David <didi@redhat.com> +Younes Manton <younes.m@gmail.com> +<imachug@yandex.ru> +<pabeni@redhat.com> + + +Apologies if I missed anyone! + + +Newly documented interfaces in existing pages +--------------------------------------------- + +proc.5 + KPF_PGTABLE (Linux 4.18) + +landlock.7 + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REFER (Linux 5.19) + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_TRUNCATE (Linux 6.02) + +udp.7 + UDP_GRO (Linux 5.0) + UDP_SEGMENT (Linux 4.18) + + +Global changes +-------------- + +- Sections: + - Add HISTORY. + - HISTORY: Restore C89 references. + - Repurpose VERSIONS. + - Simplify STANDARDS. + - SYNOPSIS: Mark several functions as deprecated. + +- Build system: + - Support installing in different mandirs + (e.g., man3typedir='/usr/share/man/man3'). + - Support installing compressed pages (Z='.gz'). + - Support installing link pages as symlinks (LINK_PAGES='symlink'). + - Add make(1) 'check' target. This has been split from 'lint'. + 'lint' will check the source code, and 'check' will check the + rendered pages (as a user will read them). There are currently + several pages that fail this `make check`, and distributors that + depend on this can workaround it by touching a few files: + + $ make check -k -j >/dev/null 2>/dev/null; + $ make check -k 2>/dev/null; + GREP .tmp/man/man1/memusage.1.check-catman.touch + TROFF .tmp/man/man2/fanotify_init.2.cat.set + TROFF .tmp/man/man2/gettimeofday.2.cat.set + TROFF .tmp/man/man2/s390_sthyi.2.cat.set + GREP .tmp/man/man3/mallopt.3.check-catman.touch + TROFF .tmp/man/man3/unlocked_stdio.3.cat.set + TROFF .tmp/man/man4/console_codes.4.cat.set + TROFF .tmp/man/man4/lirc.4.cat.set + GREP .tmp/man/man4/smartpqi.4.check-catman.touch + GREP .tmp/man/man4/veth.4.check-catman.touch + TROFF .tmp/man/man5/proc.5.cat.set + GREP .tmp/man/man5/slabinfo.5.check-catman.touch + TROFF .tmp/man/man5/tzfile.5.cat.set + TROFF .tmp/man/man7/address_families.7.cat.set + TROFF .tmp/man/man7/ascii.7.cat.set + TROFF .tmp/man/man7/bpf-helpers.7.cat.set + GREP .tmp/man/man7/keyrings.7.check-catman.touch + GREP .tmp/man/man7/uri.7.check-catman.touch + TROFF .tmp/man/man8/tzselect.8.cat.set + TROFF .tmp/man/man8/zdump.8.cat.set + TROFF .tmp/man/man8/zic.8.cat.set + + After touching the previous files, `make check` will succeed: + + $ make check -k 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $2}' | xargs touch; + $ make check -j >/dev/null; + $ echo $? + 0 + + +Changes to individual pages +--------------------------- + +The manual pages (and other files in the repository) have been improved +beyond what this changelog covers. To learn more about changes applied +to individual pages, use git(1). |