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diff --git a/man2/connect.2 b/man2/connect.2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..abd9e87 --- /dev/null +++ b/man2/connect.2 @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ +.\" Copyright 1993 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) +.\" Portions extracted from /usr/include/sys/socket.h, which does not have +.\" any authorship information in it. It is probably available under the GPL. +.\" +.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft +.\" +.\" +.\" Other portions are from the 6.9 (Berkeley) 3/10/91 man page: +.\" +.\" Copyright (c) 1983 The Regents of the University of California. +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-4-Clause-UC +.\" +.\" Modified 1997-01-31 by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com> +.\" Modified 1998, 1999 by Andi Kleen +.\" Modified 2004-06-23 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +.\" +.TH connect 2 2023-03-30 "Linux man-pages 6.05.01" +.SH NAME +connect \- initiate a connection on a socket +.SH LIBRARY +Standard C library +.RI ( libc ", " \-lc ) +.SH SYNOPSIS +.nf +.B #include <sys/socket.h> +.PP +.BI "int connect(int " sockfd ", const struct sockaddr *" addr , +.BI " socklen_t " addrlen ); +.fi +.SH DESCRIPTION +The +.BR connect () +system call connects the socket referred to by the file descriptor +.I sockfd +to the address specified by +.IR addr . +The +.I addrlen +argument specifies the size of +.IR addr . +The format of the address in +.I addr +is determined by the address space of the socket +.IR sockfd ; +see +.BR socket (2) +for further details. +.PP +If the socket +.I sockfd +is of type +.BR SOCK_DGRAM , +then +.I addr +is the address to which datagrams are sent by default, and the only +address from which datagrams are received. +If the socket is of type +.B SOCK_STREAM +or +.BR SOCK_SEQPACKET , +this call attempts to make a connection to the socket that is bound +to the address specified by +.IR addr . +.PP +Some protocol sockets (e.g., UNIX domain stream sockets) +may successfully +.BR connect () +only once. +.PP +Some protocol sockets +(e.g., datagram sockets in the UNIX and Internet domains) +may use +.BR connect () +multiple times to change their association. +.PP +Some protocol sockets +(e.g., TCP sockets as well as datagram sockets in the UNIX and +Internet domains) +may dissolve the association by connecting to an address with the +.I sa_family +member of +.I sockaddr +set to +.BR AF_UNSPEC ; +thereafter, the socket can be connected to another address. +.RB ( AF_UNSPEC +is supported since Linux 2.2.) +.SH RETURN VALUE +If the connection or binding succeeds, zero is returned. +On error, \-1 is returned, and +.I errno +is set to indicate the error. +.SH ERRORS +The following are general socket errors only. +There may be other domain-specific error codes. +.TP +.B EACCES +For UNIX domain sockets, which are identified by pathname: +Write permission is denied on the socket file, +or search permission is denied for one of the directories +in the path prefix. +(See also +.BR path_resolution (7).) +.TP +.BR EACCES ", " EPERM +The user tried to connect to a broadcast address without having the socket +broadcast flag enabled or the connection request failed because of a local +firewall rule. +.TP +.B EACCES +It can also be returned if an SELinux policy denied a connection (for +example, if there is a policy saying that an HTTP proxy can only +connect to ports associated with HTTP servers, and the proxy tries to +connect to a different port). +.TP +.B EADDRINUSE +Local address is already in use. +.TP +.B EADDRNOTAVAIL +(Internet domain sockets) +The socket referred to by +.I sockfd +had not previously been bound to an address and, +upon attempting to bind it to an ephemeral port, +it was determined that all port numbers in the ephemeral port range +are currently in use. +See the discussion of +.I /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range +in +.BR ip (7). +.TP +.B EAFNOSUPPORT +The passed address didn't have the correct address family in its +.I sa_family +field. +.TP +.B EAGAIN +For nonblocking UNIX domain sockets, the socket is nonblocking, and the +connection cannot be completed immediately. +For other socket families, there are insufficient entries in the routing cache. +.TP +.B EALREADY +The socket is nonblocking and a previous connection attempt has not yet +been completed. +.TP +.B EBADF +.I sockfd +is not a valid open file descriptor. +.TP +.B ECONNREFUSED +A +.BR connect () +on a stream socket found no one listening on the remote address. +.TP +.B EFAULT +The socket structure address is outside the user's address space. +.TP +.B EINPROGRESS +The socket is nonblocking and the connection cannot be completed immediately. +(UNIX domain sockets failed with +.B EAGAIN +instead.) +It is possible to +.BR select (2) +or +.BR poll (2) +for completion by selecting the socket for writing. +After +.BR select (2) +indicates writability, use +.BR getsockopt (2) +to read the +.B SO_ERROR +option at level +.B SOL_SOCKET +to determine whether +.BR connect () +completed successfully +.RB ( SO_ERROR +is zero) or unsuccessfully +.RB ( SO_ERROR +is one of the usual error codes listed here, +explaining the reason for the failure). +.TP +.B EINTR +The system call was interrupted by a signal that was caught; see +.BR signal (7). +.\" For TCP, the connection will complete asynchronously. +.\" See http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/7/12/254 +.TP +.B EISCONN +The socket is already connected. +.TP +.B ENETUNREACH +Network is unreachable. +.TP +.B ENOTSOCK +The file descriptor +.I sockfd +does not refer to a socket. +.TP +.B EPROTOTYPE +The socket type does not support the requested communications protocol. +This error can occur, for example, +on an attempt to connect a UNIX domain datagram socket to a stream socket. +.TP +.B ETIMEDOUT +Timeout while attempting connection. +The server may be too +busy to accept new connections. +Note that for IP sockets the timeout may +be very long when syncookies are enabled on the server. +.SH STANDARDS +POSIX.1-2008. +.SH HISTORY +POSIX.1-2001, SVr4, 4.4BSD, +.RB (connect () +first appeared in 4.2BSD). +.\" SVr4 documents the additional +.\" general error codes +.\" .BR EADDRNOTAVAIL , +.\" .BR EINVAL , +.\" .BR EAFNOSUPPORT , +.\" .BR EALREADY , +.\" .BR EINTR , +.\" .BR EPROTOTYPE , +.\" and +.\" .BR ENOSR . +.\" It also +.\" documents many additional error conditions not described here. +.SH NOTES +If +.BR connect () +fails, consider the state of the socket as unspecified. +Portable applications should close the socket and create a new one for +reconnecting. +.SH EXAMPLES +An example of the use of +.BR connect () +is shown in +.BR getaddrinfo (3). +.SH SEE ALSO +.BR accept (2), +.BR bind (2), +.BR getsockname (2), +.BR listen (2), +.BR socket (2), +.BR path_resolution (7), +.BR selinux (8) |