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diff --git a/man2/epoll_ctl.2 b/man2/epoll_ctl.2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e8ee1e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/man2/epoll_ctl.2 @@ -0,0 +1,429 @@ +.\" Copyright (C) 2003 Davide Libenzi +.\" Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org> +.\" and Copyright 2009, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2019 Michael Kerrisk <tk.manpages@gmail.com> +.\" +.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later +.\" +.TH epoll_ctl 2 2023-04-03 "Linux man-pages 6.05.01" +.SH NAME +epoll_ctl \- control interface for an epoll file descriptor +.SH LIBRARY +Standard C library +.RI ( libc ", " \-lc ) +.SH SYNOPSIS +.nf +.B #include <sys/epoll.h> +.PP +.BI "int epoll_ctl(int " epfd ", int " op ", int " fd , +.BI " struct epoll_event *_Nullable " event ); +.fi +.SH DESCRIPTION +This system call is used to add, modify, or remove +entries in the interest list of the +.BR epoll (7) +instance +referred to by the file descriptor +.IR epfd . +It requests that the operation +.I op +be performed for the target file descriptor, +.IR fd . +.PP +Valid values for the +.I op +argument are: +.TP +.B EPOLL_CTL_ADD +Add an entry to the interest list of the epoll file descriptor, +.IR epfd . +The entry includes the file descriptor, +.IR fd , +a reference to the corresponding open file description (see +.BR epoll (7) +and +.BR open (2)), +and the settings specified in +.IR event . +.TP +.B EPOLL_CTL_MOD +Change the settings associated with +.I fd +in the interest list to the new settings specified in +.IR event . +.TP +.B EPOLL_CTL_DEL +Remove (deregister) the target file descriptor +.I fd +from the interest list. +The +.I event +argument is ignored and can be NULL (but see BUGS below). +.PP +The +.I event +argument describes the object linked to the file descriptor +.IR fd . +The +.I struct epoll_event +is described in +.BR epoll_event (3type). +.PP +The +.I data +member of the +.I epoll_event +structure specifies data that the kernel should save and then return (via +.BR epoll_wait (2)) +when this file descriptor becomes ready. +.PP +The +.I events +member of the +.I epoll_event +structure is a bit mask composed by ORing together zero or more event types, +returned by +.BR epoll_wait (2), +and input flags, which affect its behaviour, but aren't returned. +The available event types are: +.TP +.B EPOLLIN +The associated file is available for +.BR read (2) +operations. +.TP +.B EPOLLOUT +The associated file is available for +.BR write (2) +operations. +.TP +.BR EPOLLRDHUP " (since Linux 2.6.17)" +Stream socket peer closed connection, +or shut down writing half of connection. +(This flag is especially useful for writing simple code to detect +peer shutdown when using edge-triggered monitoring.) +.TP +.B EPOLLPRI +There is an exceptional condition on the file descriptor. +See the discussion of +.B POLLPRI +in +.BR poll (2). +.TP +.B EPOLLERR +Error condition happened on the associated file descriptor. +This event is also reported for the write end of a pipe when the read end +has been closed. +.IP +.BR epoll_wait (2) +will always report for this event; it is not necessary to set it in +.I events +when calling +.BR epoll_ctl (). +.TP +.B EPOLLHUP +Hang up happened on the associated file descriptor. +.IP +.BR epoll_wait (2) +will always wait for this event; it is not necessary to set it in +.I events +when calling +.BR epoll_ctl (). +.IP +Note that when reading from a channel such as a pipe or a stream socket, +this event merely indicates that the peer closed its end of the channel. +Subsequent reads from the channel will return 0 (end of file) +only after all outstanding data in the channel has been consumed. +.PP +And the available input flags are: +.TP +.B EPOLLET +Requests edge-triggered notification for the associated file descriptor. +The default behavior for +.B epoll +is level-triggered. +See +.BR epoll (7) +for more detailed information about edge-triggered and +level-triggered notification. +.TP +.BR EPOLLONESHOT " (since Linux 2.6.2)" +Requests one-shot notification for the associated file descriptor. +This means that after an event notified for the file descriptor by +.BR epoll_wait (2), +the file descriptor is disabled in the interest list and no other events +will be reported by the +.B epoll +interface. +The user must call +.BR epoll_ctl () +with +.B EPOLL_CTL_MOD +to rearm the file descriptor with a new event mask. +.TP +.BR EPOLLWAKEUP " (since Linux 3.5)" +.\" commit 4d7e30d98939a0340022ccd49325a3d70f7e0238 +If +.B EPOLLONESHOT +and +.B EPOLLET +are clear and the process has the +.B CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND +capability, +ensure that the system does not enter "suspend" or +"hibernate" while this event is pending or being processed. +The event is considered as being "processed" from the time +when it is returned by a call to +.BR epoll_wait (2) +until the next call to +.BR epoll_wait (2) +on the same +.BR epoll (7) +file descriptor, +the closure of that file descriptor, +the removal of the event file descriptor with +.BR EPOLL_CTL_DEL , +or the clearing of +.B EPOLLWAKEUP +for the event file descriptor with +.BR EPOLL_CTL_MOD . +See also BUGS. +.TP +.BR EPOLLEXCLUSIVE " (since Linux 4.5)" +Sets an exclusive wakeup mode for the epoll file descriptor that is being +attached to the target file descriptor, +.IR fd . +When a wakeup event occurs and multiple epoll file descriptors +are attached to the same target file using +.BR EPOLLEXCLUSIVE , +one or more of the epoll file descriptors will receive an event with +.BR epoll_wait (2). +The default in this scenario (when +.B EPOLLEXCLUSIVE +is not set) is for all epoll file descriptors to receive an event. +.B EPOLLEXCLUSIVE +is thus useful for avoiding thundering herd problems in certain scenarios. +.IP +If the same file descriptor is in multiple epoll instances, +some with the +.B EPOLLEXCLUSIVE +flag, and others without, then events will be provided to all epoll +instances that did not specify +.BR EPOLLEXCLUSIVE , +and at least one of the epoll instances that did specify +.BR EPOLLEXCLUSIVE . +.IP +The following values may be specified in conjunction with +.BR EPOLLEXCLUSIVE : +.BR EPOLLIN , +.BR EPOLLOUT , +.BR EPOLLWAKEUP , +and +.BR EPOLLET . +.B EPOLLHUP +and +.B EPOLLERR +can also be specified, but this is not required: +as usual, these events are always reported if they occur, +regardless of whether they are specified in +.IR events . +Attempts to specify other values in +.I events +yield the error +.BR EINVAL . +.IP +.B EPOLLEXCLUSIVE +may be used only in an +.B EPOLL_CTL_ADD +operation; attempts to employ it with +.B EPOLL_CTL_MOD +yield an error. +If +.B EPOLLEXCLUSIVE +has been set using +.BR epoll_ctl (), +then a subsequent +.B EPOLL_CTL_MOD +on the same +.IR epfd ,\~ fd +pair yields an error. +A call to +.BR epoll_ctl () +that specifies +.B EPOLLEXCLUSIVE +in +.I events +and specifies the target file descriptor +.I fd +as an epoll instance will likewise fail. +The error in all of these cases is +.BR EINVAL . +.SH RETURN VALUE +When successful, +.BR epoll_ctl () +returns zero. +When an error occurs, +.BR epoll_ctl () +returns \-1 and +.I errno +is set to indicate the error. +.SH ERRORS +.TP +.B EBADF +.I epfd +or +.I fd +is not a valid file descriptor. +.TP +.B EEXIST +.I op +was +.BR EPOLL_CTL_ADD , +and the supplied file descriptor +.I fd +is already registered with this epoll instance. +.TP +.B EINVAL +.I epfd +is not an +.B epoll +file descriptor, +or +.I fd +is the same as +.IR epfd , +or the requested operation +.I op +is not supported by this interface. +.TP +.B EINVAL +An invalid event type was specified along with +.B EPOLLEXCLUSIVE +in +.IR events . +.TP +.B EINVAL +.I op +was +.B EPOLL_CTL_MOD +and +.I events +included +.BR EPOLLEXCLUSIVE . +.TP +.B EINVAL +.I op +was +.B EPOLL_CTL_MOD +and the +.B EPOLLEXCLUSIVE +flag has previously been applied to this +.IR epfd ,\~ fd +pair. +.TP +.B EINVAL +.B EPOLLEXCLUSIVE +was specified in +.I event +and +.I fd +refers to an epoll instance. +.TP +.B ELOOP +.I fd +refers to an epoll instance and this +.B EPOLL_CTL_ADD +operation would result in a circular loop of epoll instances +monitoring one another or a nesting depth of epoll instances +greater than 5. +.TP +.B ENOENT +.I op +was +.B EPOLL_CTL_MOD +or +.BR EPOLL_CTL_DEL , +and +.I fd +is not registered with this epoll instance. +.TP +.B ENOMEM +There was insufficient memory to handle the requested +.I op +control operation. +.TP +.B ENOSPC +The limit imposed by +.I /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_watches +was encountered while trying to register +.RB ( EPOLL_CTL_ADD ) +a new file descriptor on an epoll instance. +See +.BR epoll (7) +for further details. +.TP +.B EPERM +The target file +.I fd +does not support +.BR epoll . +This error can occur if +.I fd +refers to, for example, a regular file or a directory. +.SH STANDARDS +Linux. +.SH HISTORY +Linux 2.6, +.\" To be precise: Linux 2.5.44. +.\" The interface should be finalized by Linux 2.5.66. +glibc 2.3.2. +.SH NOTES +The +.B epoll +interface supports all file descriptors that support +.BR poll (2). +.SH BUGS +Before Linux 2.6.9, the +.B EPOLL_CTL_DEL +operation required a non-null pointer in +.IR event , +even though this argument is ignored. +Since Linux 2.6.9, +.I event +can be specified as NULL +when using +.BR EPOLL_CTL_DEL . +Applications that need to be portable to kernels before Linux 2.6.9 +should specify a non-null pointer in +.IR event . +.PP +If +.B EPOLLWAKEUP +is specified in +.IR flags , +but the caller does not have the +.B CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND +capability, then the +.B EPOLLWAKEUP +flag is +.IR "silently ignored" . +This unfortunate behavior is necessary because no validity +checks were performed on the +.I flags +argument in the original implementation, and the addition of the +.B EPOLLWAKEUP +with a check that caused the call to fail if the caller did not have the +.B CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND +capability caused a breakage in at least one existing user-space +application that happened to randomly (and uselessly) specify this bit. +.\" commit a8159414d7e3af7233e7a5a82d1c5d85379bd75c (behavior change) +.\" https://lwn.net/Articles/520198/ +A robust application should therefore double check that it has the +.B CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND +capability if attempting to use the +.B EPOLLWAKEUP +flag. +.SH SEE ALSO +.BR epoll_create (2), +.BR epoll_wait (2), +.BR poll (2), +.BR epoll (7) |