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diff --git a/man2/eventfd.2 b/man2/eventfd.2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7be6a3a --- /dev/null +++ b/man2/eventfd.2 @@ -0,0 +1,443 @@ +'\" t +.\" Copyright (C) 2008 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +.\" starting from a version by Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org> +.\" +.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later +.\" +.\" 2008-10-10, mtk: describe eventfd2(), and EFD_NONBLOCK and EFD_CLOEXEC +.\" +.TH eventfd 2 2023-07-20 "Linux man-pages 6.05.01" +.SH NAME +eventfd \- create a file descriptor for event notification +.SH LIBRARY +Standard C library +.RI ( libc ", " \-lc ) +.SH SYNOPSIS +.nf +.B #include <sys/eventfd.h> +.PP +.BI "int eventfd(unsigned int " initval ", int " flags ); +.fi +.SH DESCRIPTION +.BR eventfd () +creates an "eventfd object" that can be used as +an event wait/notify mechanism by user-space applications, +and by the kernel to notify user-space applications of events. +The object contains an unsigned 64-bit integer +.RI ( uint64_t ) +counter that is maintained by the kernel. +This counter is initialized with the value specified in the argument +.IR initval . +.PP +As its return value, +.BR eventfd () +returns a new file descriptor that can be used to refer to the +eventfd object. +.PP +The following values may be bitwise ORed in +.I flags +to change the behavior of +.BR eventfd (): +.TP +.BR EFD_CLOEXEC " (since Linux 2.6.27)" +Set the close-on-exec +.RB ( FD_CLOEXEC ) +flag on the new file descriptor. +See the description of the +.B O_CLOEXEC +flag in +.BR open (2) +for reasons why this may be useful. +.TP +.BR EFD_NONBLOCK " (since Linux 2.6.27)" +Set the +.B O_NONBLOCK +file status flag on the open file description (see +.BR open (2)) +referred to by the new file descriptor. +Using this flag saves extra calls to +.BR fcntl (2) +to achieve the same result. +.TP +.BR EFD_SEMAPHORE " (since Linux 2.6.30)" +Provide semaphore-like semantics for reads from the new file descriptor. +See below. +.PP +Up to Linux 2.6.26, the +.I flags +argument is unused, and must be specified as zero. +.PP +The following operations can be performed on the file descriptor returned by +.BR eventfd (): +.TP +.BR read (2) +Each successful +.BR read (2) +returns an 8-byte integer. +A +.BR read (2) +fails with the error +.B EINVAL +if the size of the supplied buffer is less than 8 bytes. +.IP +The value returned by +.BR read (2) +is in host byte order\[em]that is, +the native byte order for integers on the host machine. +.IP +The semantics of +.BR read (2) +depend on whether the eventfd counter currently has a nonzero value +and whether the +.B EFD_SEMAPHORE +flag was specified when creating the eventfd file descriptor: +.RS +.IP \[bu] 3 +If +.B EFD_SEMAPHORE +was not specified and the eventfd counter has a nonzero value, then a +.BR read (2) +returns 8 bytes containing that value, +and the counter's value is reset to zero. +.IP \[bu] +If +.B EFD_SEMAPHORE +was specified and the eventfd counter has a nonzero value, then a +.BR read (2) +returns 8 bytes containing the value 1, +and the counter's value is decremented by 1. +.IP \[bu] +If the eventfd counter is zero at the time of the call to +.BR read (2), +then the call either blocks until the counter becomes nonzero +(at which time, the +.BR read (2) +proceeds as described above) +or fails with the error +.B EAGAIN +if the file descriptor has been made nonblocking. +.RE +.TP +.BR write (2) +A +.BR write (2) +call adds the 8-byte integer value supplied in its +buffer to the counter. +The maximum value that may be stored in the counter is the largest +unsigned 64-bit value minus 1 (i.e., 0xfffffffffffffffe). +If the addition would cause the counter's value to exceed +the maximum, then the +.BR write (2) +either blocks until a +.BR read (2) +is performed on the file descriptor, +or fails with the error +.B EAGAIN +if the file descriptor has been made nonblocking. +.IP +A +.BR write (2) +fails with the error +.B EINVAL +if the size of the supplied buffer is less than 8 bytes, +or if an attempt is made to write the value 0xffffffffffffffff. +.TP +.BR poll "(2), " select "(2) (and similar)" +The returned file descriptor supports +.BR poll (2) +(and analogously +.BR epoll (7)) +and +.BR select (2), +as follows: +.RS +.IP \[bu] 3 +The file descriptor is readable +(the +.BR select (2) +.I readfds +argument; the +.BR poll (2) +.B POLLIN +flag) +if the counter has a value greater than 0. +.IP \[bu] +The file descriptor is writable +(the +.BR select (2) +.I writefds +argument; the +.BR poll (2) +.B POLLOUT +flag) +if it is possible to write a value of at least "1" without blocking. +.IP \[bu] +If an overflow of the counter value was detected, +then +.BR select (2) +indicates the file descriptor as being both readable and writable, and +.BR poll (2) +returns a +.B POLLERR +event. +As noted above, +.BR write (2) +can never overflow the counter. +However an overflow can occur if 2\[ha]64 +eventfd "signal posts" were performed by the KAIO +subsystem (theoretically possible, but practically unlikely). +If an overflow has occurred, then +.BR read (2) +will return that maximum +.I uint64_t +value (i.e., 0xffffffffffffffff). +.RE +.IP +The eventfd file descriptor also supports the other file-descriptor +multiplexing APIs: +.BR pselect (2) +and +.BR ppoll (2). +.TP +.BR close (2) +When the file descriptor is no longer required it should be closed. +When all file descriptors associated with the same eventfd object +have been closed, the resources for object are freed by the kernel. +.PP +A copy of the file descriptor created by +.BR eventfd () +is inherited by the child produced by +.BR fork (2). +The duplicate file descriptor is associated with the same +eventfd object. +File descriptors created by +.BR eventfd () +are preserved across +.BR execve (2), +unless the close-on-exec flag has been set. +.SH RETURN VALUE +On success, +.BR eventfd () +returns a new eventfd file descriptor. +On error, \-1 is returned and +.I errno +is set to indicate the error. +.SH ERRORS +.TP +.B EINVAL +An unsupported value was specified in +.IR flags . +.TP +.B EMFILE +The per-process limit on the number of open file descriptors has been reached. +.TP +.B ENFILE +The system-wide limit on the total number of open files has been +reached. +.TP +.B ENODEV +.\" Note from Davide: +.\" The ENODEV error is basically never going to happen if +.\" the kernel boots correctly. That error happen only if during +.\" the kernel initialization, some error occur in the anonymous +.\" inode source initialization. +Could not mount (internal) anonymous inode device. +.TP +.B ENOMEM +There was insufficient memory to create a new +eventfd file descriptor. +.SH ATTRIBUTES +For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see +.BR attributes (7). +.TS +allbox; +lbx lb lb +l l l. +Interface Attribute Value +T{ +.na +.nh +.BR eventfd () +T} Thread safety MT-Safe +.TE +.sp 1 +.SH VERSIONS +.SS C library/kernel differences +There are two underlying Linux system calls: +.BR eventfd () +and the more recent +.BR eventfd2 (). +The former system call does not implement a +.I flags +argument. +The latter system call implements the +.I flags +values described above. +The glibc wrapper function will use +.BR eventfd2 () +where it is available. +.SS Additional glibc features +The GNU C library defines an additional type, +and two functions that attempt to abstract some of the details of +reading and writing on an eventfd file descriptor: +.PP +.in +4n +.EX +typedef uint64_t eventfd_t; +\& +int eventfd_read(int fd, eventfd_t *value); +int eventfd_write(int fd, eventfd_t value); +.EE +.in +.PP +The functions perform the read and write operations on an +eventfd file descriptor, +returning 0 if the correct number of bytes was transferred, +or \-1 otherwise. +.SH STANDARDS +Linux, GNU. +.SH HISTORY +.TP +.BR eventfd () +Linux 2.6.22, +glibc 2.8. +.\" eventfd() is in glibc 2.7, but reportedly does not build +.TP +.BR eventfd2 () +Linux 2.6.27 (see VERSIONS). +Since glibc 2.9, the +.BR eventfd () +wrapper will employ the +.BR eventfd2 () +system call, if it is supported by the kernel. +.SH NOTES +Applications can use an eventfd file descriptor instead of a pipe (see +.BR pipe (2)) +in all cases where a pipe is used simply to signal events. +The kernel overhead of an eventfd file descriptor +is much lower than that of a pipe, +and only one file descriptor is +required (versus the two required for a pipe). +.PP +When used in the kernel, an eventfd +file descriptor can provide a bridge from kernel to user space, allowing, +for example, functionalities like KAIO (kernel AIO) +.\" or eventually syslets/threadlets +to signal to a file descriptor that some operation is complete. +.PP +A key point about an eventfd file descriptor is that it can be +monitored just like any other file descriptor using +.BR select (2), +.BR poll (2), +or +.BR epoll (7). +This means that an application can simultaneously monitor the +readiness of "traditional" files and the readiness of other +kernel mechanisms that support the eventfd interface. +(Without the +.BR eventfd () +interface, these mechanisms could not be multiplexed via +.BR select (2), +.BR poll (2), +or +.BR epoll (7).) +.PP +The current value of an eventfd counter can be viewed +via the entry for the corresponding file descriptor in the process's +.IR /proc/ pid /fdinfo +directory. +See +.BR proc (5) +for further details. +.SH EXAMPLES +The following program creates an eventfd file descriptor +and then forks to create a child process. +While the parent briefly sleeps, +the child writes each of the integers supplied in the program's +command-line arguments to the eventfd file descriptor. +When the parent has finished sleeping, +it reads from the eventfd file descriptor. +.PP +The following shell session shows a sample run of the program: +.PP +.in +4n +.EX +.RB "$" " ./a.out 1 2 4 7 14" +Child writing 1 to efd +Child writing 2 to efd +Child writing 4 to efd +Child writing 7 to efd +Child writing 14 to efd +Child completed write loop +Parent about to read +Parent read 28 (0x1c) from efd +.EE +.in +.SS Program source +\& +.\" SRC BEGIN (eventfd.c) +.EX +#include <err.h> +#include <inttypes.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <sys/eventfd.h> +#include <unistd.h> +\& +int +main(int argc, char *argv[]) +{ + int efd; + uint64_t u; + ssize_t s; +\& + if (argc < 2) { + fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <num>...\en", argv[0]); + exit(EXIT_FAILURE); + } +\& + efd = eventfd(0, 0); + if (efd == \-1) + err(EXIT_FAILURE, "eventfd"); +\& + switch (fork()) { + case 0: + for (size_t j = 1; j < argc; j++) { + printf("Child writing %s to efd\en", argv[j]); + u = strtoull(argv[j], NULL, 0); + /* strtoull() allows various bases */ + s = write(efd, &u, sizeof(uint64_t)); + if (s != sizeof(uint64_t)) + err(EXIT_FAILURE, "write"); + } + printf("Child completed write loop\en"); +\& + exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); +\& + default: + sleep(2); +\& + printf("Parent about to read\en"); + s = read(efd, &u, sizeof(uint64_t)); + if (s != sizeof(uint64_t)) + err(EXIT_FAILURE, "read"); + printf("Parent read %"PRIu64" (%#"PRIx64") from efd\en", u, u); + exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); +\& + case \-1: + err(EXIT_FAILURE, "fork"); + } +} +.EE +.\" SRC END +.SH SEE ALSO +.BR futex (2), +.BR pipe (2), +.BR poll (2), +.BR read (2), +.BR select (2), +.BR signalfd (2), +.BR timerfd_create (2), +.BR write (2), +.BR epoll (7), +.BR sem_overview (7) |