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+.\" Copyright (C) 2013, Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
+.TH fanotify_mark 2 2023-03-30 "Linux man-pages 6.05.01"
+.SH NAME
+fanotify_mark \- add, remove, or modify an fanotify mark on a filesystem
+object
+.SH LIBRARY
+Standard C library
+.RI ( libc ", " \-lc )
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.nf
+.B #include <sys/fanotify.h>
+.PP
+.BI "int fanotify_mark(int " fanotify_fd ", unsigned int " flags ,
+.BI " uint64_t " mask ", int " dirfd ,
+.BI " const char *_Nullable " pathname );
+.fi
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+For an overview of the fanotify API, see
+.BR fanotify (7).
+.PP
+.BR fanotify_mark ()
+adds, removes, or modifies an fanotify mark on a filesystem object.
+The caller must have read permission on the filesystem object that
+is to be marked.
+.PP
+The
+.I fanotify_fd
+argument is a file descriptor returned by
+.BR fanotify_init (2).
+.PP
+.I flags
+is a bit mask describing the modification to perform.
+It must include exactly one of the following values:
+.TP
+.B FAN_MARK_ADD
+The events in
+.I mask
+will be added to the mark mask (or to the ignore mask).
+.I mask
+must be nonempty or the error
+.B EINVAL
+will occur.
+.TP
+.B FAN_MARK_REMOVE
+The events in argument
+.I mask
+will be removed from the mark mask (or from the ignore mask).
+.I mask
+must be nonempty or the error
+.B EINVAL
+will occur.
+.TP
+.B FAN_MARK_FLUSH
+Remove either all marks for filesystems, all marks for mounts, or all
+marks for directories and files from the fanotify group.
+If
+.I flags
+contains
+.BR FAN_MARK_MOUNT ,
+all marks for mounts are removed from the group.
+If
+.I flags
+contains
+.BR FAN_MARK_FILESYSTEM ,
+all marks for filesystems are removed from the group.
+Otherwise, all marks for directories and files are removed.
+No flag other than, and at most one of, the flags
+.B FAN_MARK_MOUNT
+or
+.B FAN_MARK_FILESYSTEM
+can be used in conjunction with
+.BR FAN_MARK_FLUSH .
+.I mask
+is ignored.
+.PP
+If none of the values above is specified, or more than one is specified,
+the call fails with the error
+.BR EINVAL .
+.PP
+In addition,
+zero or more of the following values may be ORed into
+.IR flags :
+.TP
+.B FAN_MARK_DONT_FOLLOW
+If
+.I pathname
+is a symbolic link, mark the link itself, rather than the file to which it
+refers.
+(By default,
+.BR fanotify_mark ()
+dereferences
+.I pathname
+if it is a symbolic link.)
+.TP
+.B FAN_MARK_ONLYDIR
+If the filesystem object to be marked is not a directory, the error
+.B ENOTDIR
+shall be raised.
+.TP
+.B FAN_MARK_MOUNT
+Mark the mount specified by
+.IR pathname .
+If
+.I pathname
+is not itself a mount point, the mount containing
+.I pathname
+will be marked.
+All directories, subdirectories, and the contained files of the mount
+will be monitored.
+The events which require that filesystem objects are identified by file handles,
+such as
+.BR FAN_CREATE ,
+.BR FAN_ATTRIB ,
+.BR FAN_MOVE ,
+and
+.BR FAN_DELETE_SELF ,
+cannot be provided as a
+.I mask
+when
+.I flags
+contains
+.BR FAN_MARK_MOUNT .
+Attempting to do so will result in the error
+.B EINVAL
+being returned.
+Use of this flag requires the
+.B CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+capability.
+.TP
+.BR FAN_MARK_FILESYSTEM " (since Linux 4.20)"
+.\" commit d54f4fba889b205e9cd8239182ca5d27d0ac3bc2
+Mark the filesystem specified by
+.IR pathname .
+The filesystem containing
+.I pathname
+will be marked.
+All the contained files and directories of the filesystem from any mount
+point will be monitored.
+Use of this flag requires the
+.B CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+capability.
+.TP
+.B FAN_MARK_IGNORED_MASK
+The events in
+.I mask
+shall be added to or removed from the ignore mask.
+Note that the flags
+.BR FAN_ONDIR ,
+and
+.B FAN_EVENT_ON_CHILD
+have no effect when provided with this flag.
+The effect of setting the flags
+.BR FAN_ONDIR ,
+and
+.B FAN_EVENT_ON_CHILD
+in the mark mask
+on the events that are set in the ignore mask
+is undefined and depends on the Linux kernel version.
+Specifically, prior to Linux 5.9,
+.\" commit 497b0c5a7c0688c1b100a9c2e267337f677c198e
+setting a mark mask on a file
+and a mark with ignore mask on its parent directory
+would not result in ignoring events on the file,
+regardless of the
+.B FAN_EVENT_ON_CHILD
+flag in the parent directory's mark mask.
+When the ignore mask is updated with the
+.B FAN_MARK_IGNORED_MASK
+flag
+on a mark that was previously updated with the
+.B FAN_MARK_IGNORE
+flag,
+the update fails with
+.B EEXIST
+error.
+.TP
+.BR FAN_MARK_IGNORE " (since Linux 6.0)"
+.\" commit e252f2ed1c8c6c3884ab5dd34e003ed21f1fe6e0
+This flag has a similar effect as setting the
+.B FAN_MARK_IGNORED_MASK
+flag.
+The events in
+.I mask
+shall be added to or removed from the ignore mask.
+Unlike the
+.B FAN_MARK_IGNORED_MASK
+flag,
+this flag also has the effect that the
+.BR FAN_ONDIR ,
+and
+.B FAN_EVENT_ON_CHILD
+flags take effect on the ignore mask.
+Specifically, unless the
+.B FAN_ONDIR
+flag is set with
+.BR FAN_MARK_IGNORE ,
+events on directories will not be ignored.
+If the flag
+.B FAN_EVENT_ON_CHILD
+is set with
+.BR FAN_MARK_IGNORE ,
+events on children will be ignored.
+For example,
+a mark on a directory with combination of
+a mask with
+.B FAN_CREATE
+event
+and
+.B FAN_ONDIR
+flag
+and an ignore mask with
+.B FAN_CREATE
+event
+and without
+.B FAN_ONDIR
+flag,
+will result in getting only
+the events for creation of sub-directories.
+When using the
+.B FAN_MARK_IGNORE
+flag to add to an ignore mask
+of a mount,
+filesystem,
+or directory inode mark,
+the
+.B FAN_MARK_IGNORED_SURV_MODIFY
+flag must be specified.
+Failure to do so will results with
+.B EINVAL
+or
+.B EISDIR
+error.
+.TP
+.B FAN_MARK_IGNORED_SURV_MODIFY
+The ignore mask shall survive modify events.
+If this flag is not set,
+the ignore mask is cleared when a modify event occurs
+on the marked object.
+Omitting this flag is typically used to suppress events
+(e.g.,
+.BR FAN_OPEN )
+for a specific file,
+until that specific file's content has been modified.
+It is far less useful to suppress events
+on an entire filesystem,
+or mount,
+or on all files inside a directory,
+until some file's content has been modified.
+For this reason,
+the
+.B FAN_MARK_IGNORE
+flag requires the
+.B FAN_MARK_IGNORED_SURV_MODIFY
+flag on a mount,
+filesystem,
+or directory inode mark.
+This flag cannot be removed from a mark once set.
+When the ignore mask is updated without this flag
+on a mark that was previously updated with the
+.B FAN_MARK_IGNORE
+and
+.B FAN_MARK_IGNORED_SURV_MODIFY
+flags,
+the update fails with
+.B EEXIST
+error.
+.TP
+.B FAN_MARK_IGNORE_SURV
+This is a synonym for
+.RB ( FAN_MARK_IGNORE | FAN_MARK_IGNORED_SURV_MODIFY ).
+.TP
+.BR FAN_MARK_EVICTABLE " (since Linux 5.19)"
+.\" commit 5f9d3bd520261fd7a850818c71809fd580e0f30c
+When an inode mark is created with this flag,
+the inode object will not be pinned to the inode cache,
+therefore,
+allowing the inode object to be evicted from the inode cache
+when the memory pressure on the system is high.
+The eviction of the inode object
+results in the evictable mark also being lost.
+When the mask of an evictable inode mark is updated
+without using the
+.B FAN_MARK_EVICATBLE
+flag,
+the marked inode is pinned to inode cache
+and the mark is no longer evictable.
+When the mask of a non-evictable inode mark is updated
+with the
+.B FAN_MARK_EVICTABLE
+flag,
+the inode mark remains non-evictable
+and the update fails with
+.B EEXIST
+error.
+Mounts and filesystems are not evictable objects,
+therefore,
+an attempt to create a mount mark or a filesystem mark
+with the
+.B FAN_MARK_EVICTABLE
+flag,
+will result in the error
+.BR EINVAL .
+For example,
+inode marks can be used in combination with mount marks
+to reduce the amount of events from noninteresting paths.
+The event listener reads events,
+checks if the path reported in the event is of interest,
+and if it is not,
+the listener sets a mark with an ignore mask on the directory.
+Evictable inode marks allow using this method for a large number of directories
+without the concern of pinning all inodes and exhausting the system's memory.
+.PP
+.I mask
+defines which events shall be listened for (or which shall be ignored).
+It is a bit mask composed of the following values:
+.TP
+.B FAN_ACCESS
+Create an event when a file or directory (but see BUGS) is accessed (read).
+.TP
+.B FAN_MODIFY
+Create an event when a file is modified (write).
+.TP
+.B FAN_CLOSE_WRITE
+Create an event when a writable file is closed.
+.TP
+.B FAN_CLOSE_NOWRITE
+Create an event when a read-only file or directory is closed.
+.TP
+.B FAN_OPEN
+Create an event when a file or directory is opened.
+.TP
+.BR FAN_OPEN_EXEC " (since Linux 5.0)"
+.\" commit 9b076f1c0f4869b838a1b7aa0edb5664d47ec8aa
+Create an event when a file is opened with the intent to be executed.
+See NOTES for additional details.
+.TP
+.BR FAN_ATTRIB " (since Linux 5.1)"
+.\" commit 235328d1fa4251c6dcb32351219bb553a58838d2
+Create an event when the metadata for a file or directory has changed.
+An fanotify group that identifies filesystem objects by file handles
+is required.
+.TP
+.BR FAN_CREATE " (since Linux 5.1)"
+.\" commit 235328d1fa4251c6dcb32351219bb553a58838d2
+Create an event when a file or directory has been created in a marked
+parent directory.
+An fanotify group that identifies filesystem objects by file handles
+is required.
+.TP
+.BR FAN_DELETE " (since Linux 5.1)"
+.\" commit 235328d1fa4251c6dcb32351219bb553a58838d2
+Create an event when a file or directory has been deleted in a marked
+parent directory.
+An fanotify group that identifies filesystem objects by file handles
+is required.
+.TP
+.BR FAN_DELETE_SELF " (since Linux 5.1)"
+.\" commit 235328d1fa4251c6dcb32351219bb553a58838d2
+Create an event when a marked file or directory itself is deleted.
+An fanotify group that identifies filesystem objects by file handles
+is required.
+.TP
+.BR FAN_FS_ERROR " (since Linux 5.16)"
+.\" commit 9709bd548f11a092d124698118013f66e1740f9b
+Create an event when a filesystem error
+leading to inconsistent filesystem metadata is detected.
+An additional information record of type
+.B FAN_EVENT_INFO_TYPE_ERROR
+is returned for each event in the read buffer.
+An fanotify group that identifies filesystem objects by file handles
+is required.
+.IP
+Events of such type are dependent on support
+from the underlying filesystem.
+At the time of writing,
+only the
+.B ext4
+filesystem reports
+.B FAN_FS_ERROR
+events.
+.IP
+See
+.BR fanotify (7)
+for additional details.
+.TP
+.BR FAN_MOVED_FROM " (since Linux 5.1)"
+.\" commit 235328d1fa4251c6dcb32351219bb553a58838d2
+Create an event when a file or directory has been moved from a marked
+parent directory.
+An fanotify group that identifies filesystem objects by file handles
+is required.
+.TP
+.BR FAN_MOVED_TO " (since Linux 5.1)"
+.\" commit 235328d1fa4251c6dcb32351219bb553a58838d2
+Create an event when a file or directory has been moved to a marked parent
+directory.
+An fanotify group that identifies filesystem objects by file handles
+is required.
+.TP
+.BR FAN_RENAME " (since Linux 5.17)"
+.\" commit 8cc3b1ccd930fe6971e1527f0c4f1bdc8cb56026
+This event contains the same information provided by events
+.B FAN_MOVED_FROM
+and
+.BR FAN_MOVED_TO ,
+however is represented by a single event with up to two information records.
+An fanotify group that identifies filesystem objects by file handles
+is required.
+If the filesystem object to be marked is not a directory, the error
+.B ENOTDIR
+shall be raised.
+.TP
+.BR FAN_MOVE_SELF " (since Linux 5.1)"
+.\" commit 235328d1fa4251c6dcb32351219bb553a58838d2
+Create an event when a marked file or directory itself has been moved.
+An fanotify group that identifies filesystem objects by file handles
+is required.
+.TP
+.B FAN_OPEN_PERM
+Create an event when a permission to open a file or directory is requested.
+An fanotify file descriptor created with
+.B FAN_CLASS_PRE_CONTENT
+or
+.B FAN_CLASS_CONTENT
+is required.
+.TP
+.BR FAN_OPEN_EXEC_PERM " (since Linux 5.0)"
+.\" commit 66917a3130f218dcef9eeab4fd11a71cd00cd7c9
+Create an event when a permission to open a file for execution is
+requested.
+An fanotify file descriptor created with
+.B FAN_CLASS_PRE_CONTENT
+or
+.B FAN_CLASS_CONTENT
+is required.
+See NOTES for additional details.
+.TP
+.B FAN_ACCESS_PERM
+Create an event when a permission to read a file or directory is requested.
+An fanotify file descriptor created with
+.B FAN_CLASS_PRE_CONTENT
+or
+.B FAN_CLASS_CONTENT
+is required.
+.TP
+.B FAN_ONDIR
+Create events for directories\[em]for example, when
+.BR opendir (3),
+.BR readdir (3)
+(but see BUGS), and
+.BR closedir (3)
+are called.
+Without this flag, events are created only for files.
+In the context of directory entry events, such as
+.BR FAN_CREATE ,
+.BR FAN_DELETE ,
+.BR FAN_MOVED_FROM ,
+and
+.BR FAN_MOVED_TO ,
+specifying the flag
+.B FAN_ONDIR
+is required in order to create events when subdirectory entries are
+modified (i.e.,
+.BR mkdir (2)/
+.BR rmdir (2)).
+.TP
+.B FAN_EVENT_ON_CHILD
+Events for the immediate children of marked directories shall be created.
+The flag has no effect when marking mounts and filesystems.
+Note that events are not generated for children of the subdirectories
+of marked directories.
+More specifically, the directory entry modification events
+.BR FAN_CREATE ,
+.BR FAN_DELETE ,
+.BR FAN_MOVED_FROM ,
+and
+.B FAN_MOVED_TO
+are not generated for any entry modifications performed inside subdirectories
+of marked directories.
+Note that the events
+.B FAN_DELETE_SELF
+and
+.B FAN_MOVE_SELF
+are not generated for children of marked directories.
+To monitor complete directory trees it is necessary to mark the relevant
+mount or filesystem.
+.PP
+The following composed values are defined:
+.TP
+.B FAN_CLOSE
+A file is closed
+.RB ( FAN_CLOSE_WRITE | FAN_CLOSE_NOWRITE ).
+.TP
+.B FAN_MOVE
+A file or directory has been moved
+.RB ( FAN_MOVED_FROM | FAN_MOVED_TO ).
+.PP
+The filesystem object to be marked is determined by the file descriptor
+.I dirfd
+and the pathname specified in
+.IR pathname :
+.IP \[bu] 3
+If
+.I pathname
+is NULL,
+.I dirfd
+defines the filesystem object to be marked.
+.IP \[bu]
+If
+.I pathname
+is NULL, and
+.I dirfd
+takes the special value
+.BR AT_FDCWD ,
+the current working directory is to be marked.
+.IP \[bu]
+If
+.I pathname
+is absolute, it defines the filesystem object to be marked, and
+.I dirfd
+is ignored.
+.IP \[bu]
+If
+.I pathname
+is relative, and
+.I dirfd
+does not have the value
+.BR AT_FDCWD ,
+then the filesystem object to be marked is determined by interpreting
+.I pathname
+relative the directory referred to by
+.IR dirfd .
+.IP \[bu]
+If
+.I pathname
+is relative, and
+.I dirfd
+has the value
+.BR AT_FDCWD ,
+then the filesystem object to be marked is determined by interpreting
+.I pathname
+relative to the current working directory.
+(See
+.BR openat (2)
+for an explanation of why the
+.I dirfd
+argument is useful.)
+.SH RETURN VALUE
+On success,
+.BR fanotify_mark ()
+returns 0.
+On error, \-1 is returned, and
+.I errno
+is set to indicate the error.
+.SH ERRORS
+.TP
+.B EBADF
+An invalid file descriptor was passed in
+.IR fanotify_fd .
+.TP
+.B EBADF
+.I pathname
+is relative but
+.I dirfd
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
+.TP
+.B EEXIST
+The filesystem object indicated by
+.I dirfd
+and
+.I pathname
+has a mark that was updated without the
+.B FAN_MARK_EVICTABLE
+flag,
+and the user attempted to update the mark with
+.B FAN_MARK_EVICTABLE
+flag.
+.TP
+.B EEXIST
+The filesystem object indicated by
+.I dirfd
+and
+.I pathname
+has a mark that was updated with the
+.B FAN_MARK_IGNORE
+flag,
+and the user attempted to update the mark with
+.B FAN_MARK_IGNORED_MASK
+flag.
+.TP
+.B EEXIST
+The filesystem object indicated by
+.I dirfd
+and
+.I pathname
+has a mark that was updated with the
+.B FAN_MARK_IGNORE
+and
+.B FAN_MARK_IGNORED_SURV_MODIFY
+flags,
+and the user attempted to update the mark only with
+.B FAN_MARK_IGNORE
+flag.
+.TP
+.B EINVAL
+An invalid value was passed in
+.I flags
+or
+.IR mask ,
+or
+.I fanotify_fd
+was not an fanotify file descriptor.
+.TP
+.B EINVAL
+The fanotify file descriptor was opened with
+.B FAN_CLASS_NOTIF
+or the fanotify group identifies filesystem objects by file handles
+and mask contains a flag for permission events
+.RB ( FAN_OPEN_PERM
+or
+.BR FAN_ACCESS_PERM ).
+.TP
+.B EINVAL
+The group was initialized without
+.B FAN_REPORT_FID
+but one or more event types specified in the
+.I mask
+require it.
+.TP
+.B EINVAL
+.I flags
+contains
+.BR FAN_MARK_IGNORE ,
+and either
+.B FAN_MARK_MOUNT
+or
+.BR FAN_MARK_FILESYSTEM ,
+but does not contain
+.BR FAN_MARK_IGNORED_SURV_MODIFY .
+.TP
+.B EISDIR
+.I flags
+contains
+.BR FAN_MARK_IGNORE ,
+but does not contain
+.BR FAN_MARK_IGNORED_SURV_MODIFY ,
+and
+.I dirfd
+and
+.I pathname
+specify a directory.
+.TP
+.B ENODEV
+The filesystem object indicated by
+.I dirfd
+and
+.I pathname
+is not associated with a filesystem that supports
+.I fsid
+(e.g.,
+.BR fuse (4)).
+.BR tmpfs (5)
+did not support
+.I fsid
+prior to Linux 5.13.
+.\" commit 59cda49ecf6c9a32fae4942420701b6e087204f6
+This error can be returned only with an fanotify group that identifies
+filesystem objects by file handles.
+.TP
+.B ENOENT
+The filesystem object indicated by
+.I dirfd
+and
+.I pathname
+does not exist.
+This error also occurs when trying to remove a mark from an object
+which is not marked.
+.TP
+.B ENOMEM
+The necessary memory could not be allocated.
+.TP
+.B ENOSPC
+The number of marks for this user exceeds the limit and the
+.B FAN_UNLIMITED_MARKS
+flag was not specified when the fanotify file descriptor was created with
+.BR fanotify_init (2).
+See
+.BR fanotify (7)
+for details about this limit.
+.TP
+.B ENOSYS
+This kernel does not implement
+.BR fanotify_mark ().
+The fanotify API is available only if the kernel was configured with
+.BR CONFIG_FANOTIFY .
+.TP
+.B ENOTDIR
+.I flags
+contains
+.BR FAN_MARK_ONLYDIR ,
+and
+.I dirfd
+and
+.I pathname
+do not specify a directory.
+.TP
+.B ENOTDIR
+.I mask
+contains
+.BR FAN_RENAME ,
+and
+.I dirfd
+and
+.I pathname
+do not specify a directory.
+.TP
+.B ENOTDIR
+.I flags
+contains
+.BR FAN_MARK_IGNORE ,
+or the fanotify group was initialized with flag
+.BR FAN_REPORT_TARGET_FID ,
+and
+.I mask
+contains directory entry modification events
+(e.g.,
+.BR FAN_CREATE ,
+.BR FAN_DELETE ),
+or directory event flags
+(e.g.,
+.BR FAN_ONDIR ,
+.BR FAN_EVENT_ON_CHILD ),
+and
+.I dirfd
+and
+.I pathname
+do not specify a directory.
+.TP
+.B EOPNOTSUPP
+The object indicated by
+.I pathname
+is associated with a filesystem that does not support the encoding of file
+handles.
+This error can be returned only with an fanotify group that identifies
+filesystem objects by file handles.
+.TP
+.B EPERM
+The operation is not permitted because the caller lacks a required capability.
+.TP
+.B EXDEV
+The filesystem object indicated by
+.I pathname
+resides within a filesystem subvolume (e.g.,
+.BR btrfs (5))
+which uses a different
+.I fsid
+than its root superblock.
+This error can be returned only with an fanotify group that identifies
+filesystem objects by file handles.
+.SH STANDARDS
+Linux.
+.SH HISTORY
+Linux 2.6.37.
+.\" was introduced in Linux 2.6.36 and enabled in Linux 2.6.37.
+.SH NOTES
+.SS FAN_OPEN_EXEC and FAN_OPEN_EXEC_PERM
+When using either
+.B FAN_OPEN_EXEC
+or
+.B FAN_OPEN_EXEC_PERM
+within the
+.IR mask ,
+events of these types will be returned only when the direct execution of a
+program occurs.
+More specifically, this means that events of these types will be generated
+for files that are opened using
+.BR execve (2),
+.BR execveat (2),
+or
+.BR uselib (2).
+Events of these types will not be raised in the situation where an
+interpreter is passed (or reads) a file for interpretation.
+.PP
+Additionally, if a mark has also been placed on the Linux dynamic
+linker, a user should also expect to receive an event for it when
+an ELF object has been successfully opened using
+.BR execve (2)
+or
+.BR execveat (2).
+.PP
+For example, if the following ELF binary were to be invoked and a
+.B FAN_OPEN_EXEC
+mark has been placed on /:
+.PP
+.in +4n
+.EX
+$ /bin/echo foo
+.EE
+.in
+.PP
+The listening application in this case would receive
+.B FAN_OPEN_EXEC
+events for both the ELF binary and interpreter, respectively:
+.PP
+.in +4n
+.EX
+/bin/echo
+/lib64/ld\-linux\-x86\-64.so.2
+.EE
+.in
+.SH BUGS
+The following bugs were present in before Linux 3.16:
+.IP \[bu] 3
+.\" Fixed by commit 0a8dd2db579f7a0ac7033d6b857c3d5dbaa77563
+If
+.I flags
+contains
+.BR FAN_MARK_FLUSH ,
+.IR dirfd ,
+and
+.I pathname
+must specify a valid filesystem object, even though this object is not used.
+.IP \[bu]
+.\" Fixed by commit d4c7cf6cffb1bc711a833b5e304ba5bcfe76398b
+.BR readdir (2)
+does not generate a
+.B FAN_ACCESS
+event.
+.IP \[bu]
+.\" Fixed by commit cc299a98eb13a9853675a9cbb90b30b4011e1406
+If
+.BR fanotify_mark ()
+is called with
+.BR FAN_MARK_FLUSH ,
+.I flags
+is not checked for invalid values.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR fanotify_init (2),
+.BR fanotify (7)